cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rates and processes of aeolian soil erosion in West Greenland.

In arid landscapes across the globe, aeolian processes are key drivers of landscape change, but arid Arctic regions are often overlooked. In the Kangerlussuaq region of West Greenland, strong katabatic winds have removed discrete patches of soil and vegetation, exposing unproductive glacial till and bedrock. Although lake-sediment records suggest that landscape destabilization began approximately 1000 years ago, the upland soil erosion has never been directly dated. We use a novel application of lichenometry to estimate the rates and timing of soil erosion. We show that the formation of deflation patches occurred approximately 800–230 years ago, in general agreement with lake-sediment records. In West Greenland, the ‘Little Ice Age’ (AD 1350–1880) was characterized by a cold and arid climate, conditions that increased susceptibility to erosion. On average, deflation patches are expanding at a rate of 2.5 cm yr−1, and variation in the rate of patch expansion cannot be explained by proximity to the Greenlan...
STATUS ROLES AND RECALL OF NONVERBAL CUES

In two experiments, interpersonal status was experimentally manipulated by assigning one dyad member to be the owner of a mock art gallery and the other to be the owner's assistant. Without forewarning, participants were asked immediately following the interaction to recall their partner's hand gestures, self-touch, gazing, smiling, and nodding. Accuracy of recall was determined by comparing these ratings to their partners' behavior as coded from the videotape. In both experiments, assistants were more accurate at recalling the amount of owners' self-touch than vice versa, but there was little evidence of an accuracy difference in recall of the other nonverbal cues. When accuracy was defined as the correlation between a participant's ratings of the partner's behaviors and the partner's actual behaviors, there was evidence that assistants were more accurate than owners when a combined p-value was calculated across both studies.
Resident Security System for Government/Industry Owned Computers

The use of government and industry computers is restricted regarding their access, software applications, operations, and auxiliary hardware. Nevertheless, such computers are often subjected to cyber-attacks and unauthorized usage, whether malicious or benign. The technology outlined herein provides a resident security system that upon deployment detects, registers, and reports instances of computer misuse, thus providing early detection of malware and functioning as a deterrent for computer criminals/misusers. This technology is based on behavioral profiling of computer operation. Developed under the USAF funding, it has been implemented and tested.
Integrated approach reveals diet, APOE genotype and sex affect immune response in APP mice.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that is influenced by genetic and environmental risk factors, such as inheritance of e4 allele of APOE (APOE4), sex and diet. Here, we examined the effect of high fat diet (HFD) on amyloid pathology and expression profile in brains of AD model mice expressing human APOE isoforms (APP/E3 and APP/E4 mice). APP/E3 and APP/E4 mice were fed HFD or Normal diet for 3 months. We found that HFD significantly increased amyloid plaques in male and female APP/E4, but not in APP/E3 mice. To identify differentially expressed genes and gene-networks correlated to diet, APOE isoform and sex, we performed RNA sequencing and applied Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. We determined that the immune response network with major hubs Tyrobp/DAP12 , Csf1r , Tlr2 , C1qc and Laptm5 correlated significantly and positively to the phenotype of female APP/E4-HFD mice. Correspondingly, we found that in female APP/E4-HFD mice, microglia coverage around plaques, particularly of larger size, was significantly reduced. This suggests altered containment of the plaque growth and sex-dependent vulnerability in response to diet. The results of our study show concurrent impact of diet, APOE isoform and sex on the brain transcriptome and AD-like phenotype.
The Autophagy-Related Beclin-1 Protein Requires the Coiled-Coil and BARA Domains To Form a Homodimer with Submicromolar Affinity.

Beclin-1 (BECN1) is an essential component of macroautophagy. This process is a highly conserved survival mechanism that recycles damaged cellular components or pathogens by encasing them in a bilayer vesicle that fuses with a lysosome to allow degradation of the vesicular contents. Mutations or altered expression profiles of BECN1 have been linked to various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Viruses, including HIV and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), are also known to specifically target BECN1 as a means of evading host defense mechanisms. Autophagy is regulated by the interaction between BECN1 and Bcl-2, a pro-survival protein in the apoptotic pathway that stabilizes the BECN1 homodimer. Disruption of the homodimer by phosphorylation or competitive binding promotes autophagy through an unknown mechanism. We report here the first recombinant synthesis (3–5 mg/L in an Escherichia coli culture) and characterization of full-length, human BECN1. Our analysis reveals that full-length BECN1 exists as a so...
Barriers to Acupuncture Use Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis:

Introduction: Increasing evidence suggests that acupuncture may be helpful to manage common symptoms and treatment side effects among breast cancer (BC) survivors. Acupuncture usage among BC surviv...
Formic Acid Dehydrogenation: Phosphides Strike Again

Developing efficient systems for the dehydrogenation of formic acid may provide an efficient way for storing and transporting hydrogen. In this issue of Joule , Lingyu Piao and colleagues report a composite that converts formic acid to CO 2 and hydrogen under light illumination with rates, selectivity, and durability that show promise for its implementation.
The Rhetoric of Technical Communication

This chapter debunks the idea that “technical communication” is simply communicating through manuals, sets of procedures, or workplace genres. The chapter expands the definition of technical communication to be all discourse surrounding technology. Both new and old media communicate technical information and information about technologies. Communication about technology necessarily draws on community-defined assumptions influencing the format as well as the essence of the discourse surrounding technology and, therefore, has a rhetoric. Technologies and communication about technologies already have implicit values because both are mediated by ideology. The subtext of any communication (or speech act) is rhetorical, adhering to the attitudes and practices of senders and receivers. To demonstrate how culture mediates technical communication, this chapter briefly traces the scholarship on the history of technical communication from the English Renaissance to today, describing the rhetoric of technical communication across the centuries from a cultural studies perspective.
MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS IN QUANTUM LIQUIDS FROM GREEN'S FUNCTION MONTE CARLO CALCULATIONS

As evidenced by the broad scope of topics covered in this Workshop, significant progress has been made in recent years both in experimental techniques and the analysis of results from neutron-diffraction studies of momentum distributions in quantum many-body systems. Comparison with theory requires both a proper consideration of final-state effects, as explained by other contributors to this volume1, as well as a basic understanding of the computational procedures employed to generate the momentum distribution from quantum simulations.
Heterologous expression of cytochrome P-450 in Escherichia coli

While the bacterial expression system has proved to work well for the expression of functional forms both of microsomal and of mitochondrial P-450, we understand the requirements for expression in bacteria far less clearly than those for expression in eukaryotic cells. Nevertheless, the ability to generate large quantities of P-450 (Table 1) in an inexpensive culture system, the ease of site-directed mutagenesis in bacteria and the ability to purify easily relatively large quantities of P-450s, including human enzymes that are not normally available, make this a particularly useful expression system for P-450 structure/function analysis. Furthermore, the background of P-450 level in E. coli is extremely low. It appears that the minor sequence alterations that have been made at the N-terminus to achieve high expression do not alter the enzymic properties of the recombinant P-450s, and it will not be surprising if vector systems are developed where such changes are not necessary. One concern with bacterial expression of P-450 is whether this system will prove of general use. Preliminary data suggests that certain mutant forms of human P-450c17 that are known to be functional in COS cells are not functional in bacteria, suggesting further that the folding pathways are not the same in bacterial and in eukaryotic cells. This unpredictability of the bacterial system is unsettling and, only as more laboratories adopt this system because of its value for high-level P-450 expression, will we learn more details of the requirements and limitations of this system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Creative and Novel Approaches to Empathy: A Neo-Rogerian Perspective

This article describes the historical antecedents of empathy, elaborates on the Rogerian definition of basic and advanced empathy, and relates how some authors have expanded on those definitions. It then describes six creative and novel empathic responses that fit the original Rogers definition of empathy: reflecting deeper feelings, pointing out discrepancies, and the use of visual imagery, analogies, metaphors, and targeted self-disclosure. The benefits and limits of how empathy is taught in counselor training programs are discussed and ways seasoned counselors can improve their skill in making complex empathic responses are suggested.
Teleaudiology Model Considerations

The following paper is a review of relevant literature and models presently available in teleaudiology. An attempt was made to consolidate suggested models and programmatic guidelines into a teleau...
Total Ablation of the Penis After Circumcision with Electrocautery: A Method of Management and Longterm Followup

Abstract Four patients who had traumatic loss of the penis were managed after the initial injury with a feminizing genitoplasty. Patient reconstruction ranged from 6 months to 3 years. The technique of feminizing genitoplasty is described. There were no instances of flap necrosis, urinary tract infection or urinary incontinence. Immediate results were considered to be cosmetically satisfactory in all patients. Followup ranged from 8 months to 23 years, with a median of 10.5 years. The long-term results have been particularly gratifying in 2 individuals who have been observed for more than 18 years. Early feminizing genitoplasty offers an excellent method of reconstruction of the external genitalia in the child with traumatic loss of the penis who is assigned a female sex of rearing.(J. Urol, 142: 799–801, 1989)
Stereotactic radiosurgery for malignant extracerebral intracranial tumors: patient selection, efficacy, and technical nuances.

Intracranial tumors extrinsic to the brain include a variety of histological types, including meningiomas and pituitary tumors, both of which are most commonly benign but can present with malignant biology and clinical behavior. In the same compartment arise a number of frankly malignant tumors, which include chordomas, metastases (to bone or dura), and sarcomas (e.g., chondrosarcoma). These malignant tumors derive from bone, dura, or vascular elements and pose significant therapeutic challenges. Because of the anatomical constraints imposed by the cranial base and by venous sinuses, and because of the relentless tendency to recur shown by malignant tumors of meningeal origin, surgery often achieves incomplete removal. Some tumors are not resectable without the use of complex approaches that endanger adjacent neurovascular structures. For these reasons, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has an important role in primary treatment of malignant intracranial extracerebral tumors and, most commonly, in treating residual or recurrent disease after resection has established the diagnosis and decompressed the tumor’s environs. Here we review the role and technique of SRS in a variety of these unusual lesions, including malignant meningioma, glomus tumor, pituitary carcinoma, skull base metastasis, chordoma, and chondrosarcoma. Understanding the specific nuances of each is helpful in allowing optimal planning of patient selection, dose level, and dose contours for best treatment results. Currently, SRS can be useful in achieving effective palliation of these malignant tumors but does not usually provide a cure. In the future, better results are anticipated because of new methods of metabolic imaging for delineating tumor extent and new radiosensitizers that enhance tumor kill within a safe range of doses at the tumor margin.
In-Plane Shear Characterization of Composite GFRP-Foam Sandwich Panels

AbstractShear walls, diaphragms, and shear web structures are generally subjected to in-plane shear loading. Only a small number of test data regarding the in-plane shear behavior of glass fiber–re...
Effects of Mental Health Disorders on Nursing Home Residents' Nine-Month Pain Trajectories.

Objective To determine the key classes of nursing home residents' nine-month pain trajectories, the influence of residents' mental health disorders on membership in these classes, and nine-month health-related outcomes associated with pain trajectory class membership. Methods Four times over a nine-month period, the MDS 3.0 resident assessment instrument was used to record the demographic characteristics, mental health disorder diagnoses, pain characteristics, and health and functioning outcomes of 2,539 Department of Veterans Affairs Community Living Center (VA CLC) residents. Growth mixture modeling was used to estimate the key classes of residents' nine-month pain trajectories, the influence of residents' mental health disorders on their pain trajectory class membership, and the associations of class membership with residents' health and functioning outcomes at nine-month follow-up. Results Four-class solutions best described nursing home residents' nine-month trajectories of pain frequency, severity, and interference. Residents with dementia and severe mental illness diagnoses were less likely, and those with depressive disorder, PTSD, and substance use disorder diagnoses more likely, to belong to adverse nine-month pain trajectory classes. Membership in adverse pain frequency and pain severity trajectory classes, and in trajectory classes characterized by initially high but steeply declining pain interference, portended more depressive symptoms but better cognitive and physical functioning at nine-month follow-up. Conclusions Nursing home residents' mental health disorder diagnoses help predict their subsequent pain frequency, severity, and interference trajectories. This may be clinically useful information for improving pain assessment and treatment approaches for nursing home residents.
The role of fungal endophytes in plant pathogen resistance

The term endophyte is a general term used to describe nonpathogenic microorganisms that reside within plants. These microorganisms are diverse, encompassing many orders of both fungi and bacteria, and can either be commensalistic or mutualistic symbionts with their host organisms. Some endophytes can actively fortify their host plant against pathogens by either secreting chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, or by stimulating plant immune response via activation of the host plants endogenous signaling pathways. Based on their role in normal plant health, endophytes have a potential application in biocontrol of agriculture pathogens.
Role of Transection and Anastomosis in Bulbar Urethral Reconstruction

Complete stricture excision and primary end-to-end anastomosis is undoubtedly the most durable and effective reconstructive surgical technique for the treatment of appropriate bulbar urethral strictures. The bulbar urethra is exposed via wide perineal dissection, the diseased urethral segment is precisely identified and completely excised. The proximal and distal urethral ends are sufficiently mobilized to bridge the defect without undue tension. The natural bulbar urethral elasticity is utilized to elongate the urethra. A spatulated spongiosal sparing 2-layer anastomosis with meticulous mucosal apposition is performed. While this procedure is most well suited for bulbar strictures 1–3 cm in length, it can also be performed in select cases of lengthy mid to proximal bulbar strictures up to 5 cm with excellent results. Patient selection is critical; there is limited application for this technique in lengthy distal bulbar urethra strictures and in the penile urethra where urethral tethering may predispose to ventral curvature and shortening with erection. While rare, most complications are transient and minor in nature and include surgical site infection, perineal hematoma, and catheter related complications. Anastomotic urethroplasty failure is most often related to excessive tension at the anastomosis or incomplete resection of the diseased urethral segment. Because complete excision of the diseased urethra and associated spongiofibrosis is essential, the surgeon must be prepared to perform an alternative repair if the defect is too long for reconstruction with a tension-free anastomosis. This technique is well tolerated with a long-term cure rate >90%.
The Importance of Understanding Phytoplankton Life Strategies in the Design of Enclosure Experiments

Enclosing a parcel of water in an experimental container gives that water column integrity and prevents further mixing with the surrounding water. Assuming that nutrients are adequate and that the container is kept in the light, a phytoplankton bloom will develop and a succession of phytoplankton species will follow. The succession observed in containers is a miniature and typically an accelerated version of the succession commonly observed in the marine environment.
Traces of J.B. Jackson: the man who taught us to see everyday America: by Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press, 2020, 328 pp., $39.50 (e-book), ISBN 978-0-8139-4335-0; $39.50 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-8139-4334-3

John Brinkerhoff Jackson is a name that all geographers know. It has, arguably, a hallowed quality due to Jackson’s undeniable influence on the way we understand landscape today. Helen Lefkowitz Ho...
Mexican-Origin College Students’ Stress, Sibling Relationships, Academic Motivation, and Depressive Symptoms:

The current study investigated associations among interpersonal, academic, financial, and ethnicity-related stressors and college students’ academic motivation and depressive symptoms, as well as t...
Effects of properties of atmosphere diluents on cool-flame combustion of normal-alkane droplets

Abstract Droplet combustion experiments carried out in the International Space Station using n-alkane fuels have shown that large droplets, when ignited, first burn with visible hot flames and then extinguish, only to be followed later by quasi-steady cool-flame combustion. In a few of these experiments, some of the nitrogen in the nitrogen-oxygen ambient-gas mixture was replaced by helium, carbon dioxide, or xenon, for n-heptane, n-octane, n-decane, or n-dodecane droplets. Different diluents were observed to exert remarkably different influences on the cool-flame combustion. These initially unexpected differences are summarized here, with explanations offered for their causes. In particular, a simplified theoretical description of cool-flame-supported droplet combustion is employed to predict burning-rate constants and droplet diameters at cool-flame extinction, resulting in good agreement with much of the experimental data but disagreement with certain measurements, for reasons that are explained. The comparisons underscore the important influence of the diluent, especially on the Lewis numbers of cool-flame intermediate species derived from the fuel vapor.
Training with an auditory perceptual learning game transfers to speech in competition.

Understanding speech in the presence of acoustical competition is a major complaint of those with hearing difficulties. Here, a novel perceptual learning game was tested for its effectiveness in reducing difficulties with hearing speech in competition. The game was designed to train a mixture of auditory processing skills thought to underlie speech in competition, such as spectral-temporal processing, sound localization, and auditory working memory. Training on these skills occurred both in quiet and in competition with noise. Thirty college-aged participants without any known hearing difficulties were assigned either to this mixed-training condition or an active control consisting of frequency discrimination training within the same gamified setting. To assess training effectiveness, tests of speech in competition (primary outcome), as well as basic supra-threshold auditory processing and cognitive processing abilities (secondary outcomes) were administered before and after training. Results suggest modest improvements on speech in competition tests in the mixed-training compared to the frequency-discrimination control condition (Cohen’s d = 0.68). While the sample is small, and in normally hearing individuals, these data suggest promise of future study in populations with hearing difficulties.
Developing the Information Base for Curriculum Redesign

In parallel with developing the mission statement and specific objectives for the MBA program, the CRC identified three general areas of information needed for a comprehensive database to function as the foundation for development of the new curriculum: school divisions; competitor schools of business and management; and external constituencies. Subcommittees were constituted for each of these three areas. Data collection commenced in January 1990, shortly after subcommittee formation, and continued through much of 1990. A CRC report to the faculty containing the three subcommittee reports was issued in November 1990.
Fundamentalism, Spirituality, and Church-State Relations in the United States

The American constitutional doctrine of church and state deals with three classic problems of church-state relations: the problem of religious exemption or accommodation, the problem of government subsidy of religion in the social welfare state, and the problem of civil religion. Each of these problems can be understood as the consequence of a tension or competition between two opposing conceptions of religious belief, spirituality and fundamentalism. The resolution of problems of church-state relations in the United States reflects a preference for spirituality and, in case of civil religion, a distaste for fundamentalism. The relative attractiveness of spirituality in American church-state doctrine is the residue of postmodernism, and is evident in Europe as well.
A 1V 600/spl mu/W 2.1GHz Quadrature VCO Using BAW Resonators

A 1V 600muW BAW-tuned quadrature VCO designed in 0.13mum CMOS is presented. The BAW QVCO operates at 2.1GHz and achieves a phase noise of -143.5dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset with a FOM of 212.1dB. The QVCO uses time-varying source degeneration to quadrature-couple the two VCO cores.
Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis for Models of Complex Systems

Sampling-based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are reviewed. The following topics are considered: (1) Definition of probability distributions to characterize epistemic uncertainty in analysis inputs, (2) Generation of samples from uncertain analysis inputs, (3) Propagation of sampled inputs through an analysis, (4) Presentation of uncertainty analysis results, and (5) Determination of sensitivity analysis results.
When the Heck Does This Claim Accrue?Heck v. Humphrey's Footnote Sevenand § 1983 Damages Suits forIllegal Search and Seizure

I. Introduction Police illegally search your house and uncover evidence against you. Perhaps the trial judge suppresses this evidence; perhaps the judge does not and you must seek appellate review. Regardless of the path, ultimately you successfully defend yourself against the criminal charges. You seek damages under 42 U.S.C. (sec) 1983(1) from the police for their unconstitutional conduct. The applicable Supreme Court case law says that no (sec) 1983 cause of action lies if success on that claim "would necessarily imply the invalidity of [the plaintiff's] conviction or sentence."2 As a counterexample, however, the Court discusses your specific complaint, illegal search, in a footnote: For example, a suit for damages attributable to an allegedly unreasonable search may lie even if the challenged search produced evidence that was introduced in a state criminal trial resulting in the (sec) 1983 plaintiff's stilloutstanding conviction. Because of doctrines like independent source and inevitable diswvy, and especially harmless error, such a (sec) 1983 action, even if succesful, would not necessarily ply that the plaintiff's conviction was unlawful.3 Is your claim timely? It depends on which U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals governs your claim: some courts say that all illegal search claims accrue at the time of the search because no illegal search claim, by definition, "necessarily implies" the invalidity of the conviction;4 others say that the district court must determine whether success on the illegal search claim would imply the invalidity of the conviction.5 Of course, by starting the clock sooner, the statute of limitations expires sooner in the first group of courts, making otherwise justifiable (sec) 1983 damages unavailable to many of those plaintiffs.6 The history of (sec) 1983 supports the availability of damages for victims of unconstitutional conduct. This famous statute, Section I of the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871,(7) grew out of the Reconstruction-era effort to enforce the Fourteenth Amendment.8 The Supreme Court has identified the following three purposes of this legislation: to override certain state laws, to provide a remedy when state law is inadequate, and to provide a federal remedy when state law is practically unavailable even iftheoretically adequate.9 InMonroe v. Pape,10 the Court ruled that a plaintiff could state a claim for damages under (sec) 1983 against local officials.11 In Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics,12 the Court overcame the state-based limitations in the scope of (sec) 1983 by creating an analogous remedy against federal officials.13 For the purposes of this Note, Bivens actions and (sec) 1983 actions are analytically identical.14 The Court considers compensation via damages to be an important goal of (sec) 1983 actions.15 Although the Forty-Second Congress may not have specifically addressed damages, the Court has stated that Congress must have contemplated the availability of damages when framing the (sec) 1983 remedy. …
Long-Term Sourcing Model For Multi-Objective Supplier Selection Under Uncertainty

A supplier selection problem under uncertainty is a multi-criteria decision making process involving varying item demand and suppliers’ performances. This paper proposes a long-term sourcing framework to capture supplier dynamics with multiple objectives such as minimizing cost, improving quality and service level. In the proposed framework, an optimization model makes the purchasing decisions for each single period, and a simulation model continuously updates individual supplier’s performances according to historical purchasing decisions. We first introduce the fuzzy multi-objective programming to solve for the single-period optimization problem with objectives of minimizing weighted total costs, weighted average defect rate and weighted average late delivery rate. Later, we develop a simulation model, where individual suppliers’ performances are continuously updated based on previous contracts. The proposed long-term sourcing framework is experimented with data obtained from a real-world jewelry supply chain. The purchasing decisions for each period are presented, and the impact of the simulation strategy for updating supplier profile is also discussed in detail. The results indicate that the proposed framework is capable of simulating market change and adapting purchasing decisions based on the change of individual supplier’s performances.
Bell's theorem and world process

The noncausal structure events demanded by Bell's theorem are shown to follow naturally from a theory of events similar to White-head's. In spite of this noncausal structure on the level of individu al events the macroscopic causality structure observed in Nature at the statistical level holds. Quantum theory itself emerges naturally, along with the basic analyticity properties of theS-matrix.
Invasive enterocolitis caused by Edwardsiella tarda.

Abstract A 31-yr-old patient presented with bloody diarrhea. Medical evaluation revealed enterocolitis. Stool cultures grew Edwardsiella tarda . Confusion regarding this organism's pathogenicity led to errors in diagnosis and therapy. Edwardsiella tarda can cause invasive intestinal infections.
Universal Applicability of Probation Risk‐Assessment Instruments

A probation risk-assessment instrument developed by the State of Wisconsin is receiving wide use throughout the nation and has been recognized by the National Institute of Corrections as part of a “model system.” However, this has been done without extensive validation on populations other than Wisconsin probationers and parolees. The validity of the instrument for a population of City of New York probationers is assessed in this study. It was found that many of the variables contained in the instrument did not predict risk for the sample. On this basis. the validation of risk instruments before they are fully adopted is recommended. In addition, based on an analysis of split halves of our sample, the general weakness of statistically derived models is noted.
Animal models in psychiatric research.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the animal models in psychiatric research. The chapter describes a more logical rationale to classify models into types and to give a few examples of each type. The animal models in psychiatric research can be conveniently classified into four types, based on the principles of (1) pharmacological isomorphism, (2) symptom similarity, (3) gene transfer, and (4) cross-species psychological processes. Isomorphism models are useful for elucidating mechanisms of drug action, but are not able to step outside the existing class of therapeutic agents. Symptom similarity models escape this circularity, but suffer from an inherent arbitrariness, because of the multiplicity of behaviors that are disturbed in the major psychoses. Gene transfer models focus more directly on etiology, but require isolation of single genes, a very difficult task. Psychological process models—cross-species paradigms developed by analyzing the underlying psychological disturbance in the human illness—seem to offer the best hope at present.
VEGF, flk-1, and flt-1 expression in a rat myocardial infarction model of angiogenesis

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell mitogen that is thought to function by interacting with two high-affinity receptors, flk-1 and flt-1. In an adult heart, angiogenesis can occur in a number of pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, and infarction. To determine the role played by VEGF, flk-1, and flt-1 in this process in vivo, we studied the expression of the growth factor and its receptors in a rat infarct model. After an acute myocardial infarction, we observed an initial rapid (1h) rise in VEGF (275%), flk-1 (375%), and flt-1 (400%) mRNA expression throughout the entire heart. Initial diffuse induction of VEGF, flk-1, and flt-1 expression in the left ventricle was later replaced by an increase predominantly limited to perimyocardial infarction area where angiogenesis was taking place. In situ hybridization showed at 6 h after infarction, viable myocytes adjacent to the infarct zone expressed markedly increased amounts of VEGF. At both 6 and 24 h, microvessels at the infarct edge overexpressed both flk-1 and flt-1 mRNAs; at 3 and 7 days new vessels infiltrating the infarct also overexpressed both receptors and continued for as late as 6 wk. In summary, acute myocardial infarction is accompanied by rapid and prolonged increase in expression of VEGF and its receptors with characteristic spatial and temporal kinetic. These findings suggest that the VEGF/VEGF receptor system plays an important role in the angiogenesis and stromal deposition associated with myocardial infarction.
PREVALENCE AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND CHILD BEHAVIOR AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as child abuse and neglect impact a child's socioemotional development. Drawing from the methods employed in the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE; Felitti et al.,) Study, the present study utilized data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being to examine the prevalence of ACEs among children birth to 6 years, and the relationship of ACEs to emotional and behavioral outcomes 59 to 97 months after the close of investigation or assessment. Logistic regression also was used to examine the cumulative impact of ACEs on child behavior outcomes. By the age of 6, approximately 70% of children experienced three or more ACEs, and there were strong relationships between ACEs. Numerous ACEs were associated with long-term behavioral problems, and results supported a dose-response effect. Three or greater ACEs more than quadrupled the risk of experiencing internalizing problems, and almost quadrupled the risk of experiencing either externalizing or total problems at 59 to 97 months' postinvestigation. Based on these findings, it is crucial for both early screening/assessment and increased collaboration between child welfare and early intervention programs.
Comparisons of the Behavior of AgI-Type Ice Nucleating Aerosols in Laboratory-Simulated Clouds

A variety of commonly used ice nucleants have been tested for comparable simulated adiabatic parcel ascents in the Colorado State University dynamic cloud chamber. Atmospheric adiabatic expansion and cooling of a parcel of air is simulated by evacuation and wall temperature control within the working volume. Ice nucleation characteristics have been studied for the injection of nuclei preceding the formation of clouds at a temperature near 0°C and following nuclei injection directly into cooling cloud parcels. A summary and comparison of the nucleation rates and mechanisms observed for four different ice nucleating aerosols is presented. In some cases, the results observed in the simulations of real cloud processes were quite different than found previously in the static conditions of the CSU isothermal cloud chamber containing an artificially generated cloud. In particular, complexed hygroscopic nucleating aerosols (2Agl.Nal and 2AgI.KI) display much higher nucleation rates during expansional cooling than for injection into supercooled isothermal cloud. Some implications of the experimental results to the expected results of seeding atmospheric clouds are discussed.
Evaluation of Nicked Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Content in Clinical Specimens by a Specific Immunometric Assay

We report the development and characterization of an IRMA for the direct measurement of nicked human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGn) in blood and urine. hCGn derived from a reference preparation of hCG used as an immunogen elicits monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with enhanced recognition of human luteinizing hormone epitopes. The most specific assay for pregnancy hCGn is an IRMA composed of one mAb to choriocarcinoma-derived hCGn (C5) and a second mAb developed from immunization with normal-pregnancy hCGn. This assay was used to evaluate hCGn profiles in normal, in vitro fertilization, Down syndrome, and ectopic pregnancies. In all pregnancies, hCGn was usually present in much lower concentrations than the non-nicked hCG isoform. Our results suggest that some form of physical separation from the overwhelming quantities of non-nicked hCG present in clinical specimens will be required before accurate immunochemical estimations of hCGn can be made.
Pulsed Estrogen Therapy Prevents Post-OVX Porcine Dura Mater Microvascular Network Weakening via a PDGF-BB-Dependent Mechanism

In postmenopausal women, estrogen (E2) deficiencies are frequently associated with higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage, increased incidence of stroke, cerebral aneurysm, and decline in cognitive abilities. In younger postpartum women and those using oral contraceptives, perturbations in E2 are associated with higher risk of cerebral venous thrombosis. A number of serious intracranial pathologic conditions linked to E2 deficiencies, such as dural sinus thrombosis, dural fistulae, non-parenchymal intracranial hemorrhages, migraines, and spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks, involve the vessels not of the brain itself, but of the outer fibrous membrane of the brain, the dura mater (DM). The pathogenesis of these disorders remains mysterious and how estrogen regulates structural and functional integrity of DM vasculature is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that post ovariectomy (OVX) DM vascular remodeling is manifested by microvessel destabilization, capillary rarefaction, increased vascular permeability, and aberrant angio-architecture, and is the result of disrupted E2-regulated PDGF-BB signaling within dura microvasculature. These changes, associated with the reduction in systemic PDGF-BB levels, are not corrected by a flat-dose E2 hormone replacement therapy (HRT), but are largely prevented using HRT schedules mimicking physiological E2 fluctuations. We demonstrate that 1) E2 regulates PDGF-BB production by endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner and 2) optimization of PDGF-BB levels and induction of robust PDGF-mediated endothelial cell-vascular pericyte interactions require high (estrous) E2 concentrations. We conclude that high (estrous) levels of E2 are important in controlling PDGF-mediated crosstalk between endothelial cells and pericytes, a fundamental mechanism governing microvessel stability and essential for preserving intracranial homeostasis.
Impurity dependence of the low temperature annealing in n-type germanium

Abstract Lightly doped n-type Ge, irradiated at liquid He temperatures with 1 MeV electrons, exhibits a large thermal recovery stage at 50–70°K. We have found that the rate at which this stage anneals depends on the type of group V impurity used to dope the sample. We Propose that impurity complexes are involved in this annealing stage. We have also observed the same impurity dependence when this annealing stage is destroyed by radiation annealing at liquid He temperatures. This suggests that one of the defects produced during irradiation is free to migrate at very low temperatures.
Broadcast stochastic receding horizon control of multi-agent systems

Optimal regulation of stochastically behaving agents is essential to achieve a robust aggregate behavior in a swarm of agents. How optimally these behaviors are controlled leads to the problem of designing optimal control architectures. In this paper, we propose a novel broadcast stochastic receding horizon control architecture as an optimal strategy for stabilizing a swarm of stochastically behaving agents. The goal is to design, at each time step, an optimal control law in the receding horizon control framework using collective system behavior as the only available feedback information and broadcast it to all agents to achieve the desired system behavior. Using probabilistic tools, a conditional expectation based predictive model is derived to represent the ensemble behavior of a swarm of independently behaving agents with multi-state transitions. A stochastic finite receding horizon control problem is formulated to stabilize the aggregate behavior of agents. Analytical and simulation results are presented for a two-state multi-agent system. Stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed using the supermartingale theory. Almost sure (with probability 1) convergence of the closed-loop system to the desired target is ensured. Finally, conclusions are presented.
Comment on "experimental free energy surface reconstruction from single-molecule force spectroscopy using Jarzynski's equality".

Harris, Song and Kiang [1] (HSK) describe their results on reconstructing the free energy profiles for both the stretch of the titin polymer, and the unfolding of an individual I27 domain. The new finding reported in [1] is the measurement of the free energy barrier (or activation energy) to unfolding the I27 domain. Due to a misinterpretation of the mechanics involved, the free energy surface (and thus the energy barrier) to unfolding the I27 domain was not measured.
Development of resistance to folic acid antagonists in a transplantable lymphoid leukemia.

SummaryA development of resistance has been shown in 3 separate sublines of a transplantable lymphoid leukemia, L1210, in strain dba mice following successive transplants in mice treated with the MTD of 3 different PGA antagonists: 4-amino-N10 methyl PGA, 4-amino-9, N10 dimethyl PGA and 4-amino-9 methyl PGA. All 3 sublines continue to be resistant in subsequent transplant generations following emergence of resistance. Subline AD-resistant leukemic cells grown in mice not given the folic acid antagonist for 7 successive transplant generations continue to be resistant to 4-amino-9, N10 dimethyl PGA. Resistance developed to one of these antivitamins was found not to be independent of resistance to the others. AM-resistant leukemic cells were found to grow better in animals receiving the MTD of 4-amino-N10 methyl PGA than in animals untreated with this antivitamin or given PGA parenterally.
Further positive transfer effects obtained through injections of brain homogenates

Two experiments in a series of four experiments testing for the “transfer via injection” effect are reported. Only one of the experiments yielded positive results; however, the combined probability for the series of experiments using the same procedure is highly significant. It is suggested that both activation and specificity are involved in positive transfer effects.
The β2 subunit modulation of BK channels is determined by membrane-spanning and cytoplasmic domains In Slo1

Ca2+ and voltage activated BK channels are composed of pore forming Slo1 subunits. These channels are modulated by various tissue-specific accessory β subunits, which render BK channels the phenotypes necessary for different physiological functions. Here we study Ca2+ sensitivity increase in BK channel activation by the β2 subunit, and elucidate the structural domains in Slo1 that determine this modulation. We found that β2ND (β2 with NH2-terminus deleted to remove inactivation) (Wallner et al., PNAS 96(7):4137-42, 1999) increased Ca2+ sensitivity in mouse Slo1 (mSlo1) but not in drosophila Slo1 (dSlo1). Taking advantage of these differential effects, chimeras of mSlo1 and dSlo1 were studied. When chimeras in the mSlo1 background contained the S0 transmembrane segment and the N-terminal region of RCK1 (regulator of K+ conductance) termed the AC region (Krishnamoorthy et al., JGP 126(3): 227-41, 2005) from dSlo1, β2ND failed to increase Ca2+ sensitivity. When these same regions from mSlo1 were in dSlo1, the channels showed increased Ca2+ sensitivity in association with β2ND. Thus, the mouse AC region and S0 segment are necessary and sufficient for the β2 subunit to increase Ca2+ sensitivity. Previous studies suggested that each Slo1 subunit contains two different Ca2+ binding sites (Xia et al., Nature 418(6900): 880-4, 2002). To further investigate the β2 subunit modulation, we studied the effect of β2ND with mutations of the binding sites. We found that the effect of β2ND was nearly intact when either site was ablated and was completely destroyed when both sites were mutated. These results suggest that the β2 subunit may affect an allosteric activation pathway that is common to both binding sites, and S0 or the AC region is part of such pathway.
Leveraging Cloud for Enterprise Mobile Services Delivery

In this paper, we discuss the advantages of leveraging the cloud to provide a cost-effective and secure platform for the delivery of enterprise mobile services. We describe the various components and functions required for the delivery of those services, along with the components and functions that comprise cost-effective and secure cloud-based mobile services solution.
Rheological analysis of polyvinyl butyral near the glass transition temperature

In many polymer manufacturing operations, the material is processed near the glass transition temperature (Tg). Examples are thermoforming, blow molding, film blowing, hot embossing, forging, plastic welding, and de-airing in safety glass lamination. In these processes, solid-like behaviors such as strain hardening and yielding play important roles. These material properties cause the material to flow (or deform) in a way that substantially differs from a polymer melt. In order to understand the flow behavior near the Tg, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a rubbery polymer used in safety glass lamination, was studied in this work. The flow properties of the polymer above the Tg were characterized by using both shear and elongational rheometers, and a tensile tester. The measured flow properties were described by a viscoelastic constitutive model.
Some comments on domain structures in block copolymers

Although samples of amorphous polymers cast from solution are usually assumed to be isotropic, they may, in fact, have some anisotropy due to the Benard effect, in which the convection currents produced by evaporation are organized into a regular arrangement of cells. A pattern of hexagonal convection cell is easily visible during casting of SBS triblock copolymers. The anisotropy is demonstrated by comparing the small-angle x-ray diffraction diagrams taken through the face and edge of the films. The domain structures in two SBS copolymers are characterized by diffraction measurements. The smallangle diagram of a triblock polymer containing 50% styrene indicated a lamellar structure, while that from a 28% styrene copolymer is interpreted as arising from a hexagonal array of polystyrene cylinders dispersed in a continuous polybutadiene phase. Published diffraction data for block copolymers and other amphiphiles are surveyed in an attempt to place some limitations on the composition ranges over which the various types of domain structure exist. The factors which determine the dimensions of the two domains in lamellar phases formed from diblock copolymers are examined theoretically, and the predicted dimensions are compared with experimental results.