cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5005: Deletion of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A impairs mammary gland development and tumor formation.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines/growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) superfamily. BMP ligands have recently been shown to be overexpressed in human breast cancers. Normal breast and cancers display active BMP signaling as indicated by phosphorylated Smads 1, 5 and 8. BMP signaling is a known morphogen, responsible for differentiation of many cell types. This led us to hypothesize that BMP signaling may be required for development of the mammary gland and tumors. We first utilized the mammary epithelial specific Cre recombinase driven by the MMTV promoter to remove conditionally floxed BMPR1a alleles. We found that mice lacking BMPR1a (cKO) had significant reduction in epithelial branching morphogenesis within the mammary gland. We further analyzed BMPR1a loss in lactating mice using WAP promoter driven Cre, which demonstrated a loss of milk production. We next combined the MMTV.PyVmT oncogene with mice lacking BMPR1a and found this deletion resulted in delayed tumor onset and extended survival significantly (p-value Citation Format: Philip Owens, Charli R. Bobbitt, Michael W. Pickup, Agnieszka E. Gorska, Sergey V. Novitskiy, Harold L. Moses. Deletion of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A impairs mammary gland development and tumor formation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5005. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5005
Microsomal pentobarbital hydroxylase activity in acute viral hepatitis.

SummaryMicrosomal pentobarbital hydroxylase activity was estimated by a radioisotope dilution technique in liver biopsy specimens from patients in various stages of acute uncomplicated viral hepatitis. Results indicate that liver cell necrosis and regeneration may markedly alter drug-metabolizing enzymes independent of drug therapy. No significant difference was noted in mean pentobarbital hydroxylase activity in biopsy specimens from volunteer normal controls and those with localized acidophilic necrosis or focal inflammation. A significant decrease in enzyme activity occurred with subacute autolytic necrosis and a four-fold increase was noted during active regeneration, reflected in Kupffer cell proliferation and increased in vitro hepatic DNA synthesis. There is a variable relationship between pentobarbital hydroxylase activity, abnormal liver function tests, and morphologic evidence of hyperplasia of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Students’ accounts of grammatical forms of German that are difficult, unattainable, and irrelevant for self-expression

ABSTRACTThis study examined the responses of 39 first-year, 63 second-year, 20 third-year, and 19 fourth-year US college learners of German when they were asked what forms of L2 grammar they, respectively, find particularly difficult; do not expect to ever acquire fully; and believe are not necessary for self-expression. Nominal morphology – particularly case markings – figured prominently responses as a whole. Forms that were considered unattainable were also found to be difficult but the reverse was not true, which suggests that for learners in this study difficulty did not automatically connote impossible acquisition. Furthermore, Year 1 learners were on the whole the most optimistic group with regard to their expected final attainment; Year 2 learners the most pessimistic. This study raises questions about (1) whether researchers and learners adhere to different definitions of ‘acquisition’ even as they both concern themselves especially with nominal morphology/case and verb placement; (2) whether esp...
A Brief Review on Modeling and Simulation in Aircraft Battle Damage Repair Studies

Aircraft Battle Damage Repair( ABDR) is the most effective method to restore and keep the battle effectiveness during the wartime. However, because there is few actual ABDR data in the long peaceful time, the mathematical modeling and simulation technologies were used more and more widely in ABDR studies. The new studies on modeling and simulation methods of ABDR in the recent years are presented in this paper. With the development of modeling and simulation technologies and ABDR studies, the application is becoming more and more comprehensive and elaborate.
Comparison of endometrial biopsy and urinary pregnanediol glucuronide concentration in the diagnosis of luteal phase defect.

To determine if pregnanediol glucuronide (PG) excretion is useful in luteal phase assessment, we compared daily first morning urinary PG concentrations during the luteal phase in nine normal and nine deficient cycles. Total luteal pregnanediol excretion (44.1 ± 11.3 versus 64.0 ± 11.6 area units ± SEM) was not different. However, significantly less pregnanediol was excreted by the abnormal group during the 1st 5 days of the luteal phase (12.7 ± 1.2 versus 18.0 ± 1.7 area units ± SEM, respectively). Thus, delayed PG excretion may be characteristic of luteal phase defect and measurement of urinary PG may be useful only if daily samples during the early luteal phase are obtained.
The Role of Magnitude in Kant's Critical Philosophy

In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argues for two principles that concern magnitudes. The first is the principle that ‘All intuitions are extensive magnitudes,’ which appears in the Axioms of Intuition (B202); the second is the principle that ‘In all appearances the real, which is an object of sensation, has an intensive magnitude, that is, a degree,’ which appears in the Anticipations of Perception (B207). A circle drawn in geometry and the space occupied by an object such as a book are paradigm examples of extensive magnitudes, while the intensity of a light is a paradigm example of an intensive magnitude. These principles justify and explain the possibility of applying mathematics to objects of experience. The Axioms principle also explains the possibility of any mathematical cognition at all.
American Labor Demand

The European conquest of the American hemisphere did not automatically guarantee the expansion of African slave labor to the New World. Africans within Europe and the Atlantic islands were still a relatively minor part of the European labor force, and even sugar production was not totally in the hands of black slaves. At the same time, the existence of at least some 20 to 25 million conquered American Indians presupposed that the Europeans would have an abundant supply of labor available for the exploitation of their new colonies. Europe itself was experiencing major population growth in the sixteenth century, and could probably rely on migrations of its poorer peasants and urban dwellers for its American labor needs. Yet despite these alternative labor supplies, America became the great market for some 9 to 10 million African slaves in the course of the next five centuries, and it was in the New World that African slavery most flourished under European rule. Before examining the history of the forced African migration to the Americas, it is therefore essential to understand why Europeans turned to Africans to populate their mines, factories, and farms in such numbers. Much has been written of the relative “otherness” of Africans to northern Europeans or the alienness of African culture. But the longterm contact of the Mediterranean with Africans from at least the time of Egyptian civilization onward makes one doubt the importance of this phenomenon.
Behavioral interactions of postlarval and fifth instar lobsters (Homarus americanus) in a simulated cobble environment

Behavioral interactions among newly settled postlarval and fifth instar lobsters in a simulated cobble environment were quantified. Seven behavioral categories were identified and the proportion of time spent in each was evaluated. Transition matrices for three general behavior categories were evaluated for the postlarval and fifth instar. Postlarval and fifth instar lobsters displayed different behavioral patterns. Postlarvae spent a large proportion of time walking on the sand substrate and excavating shelters, whereas fifth instar lobsters spent the majority of time excavating and sitting in shelters. Agonistic interactions between early benthic stage lobsters were similar to those described for older juvenile and adult lobsters. Dominance hierarchies, burrow invasion and eviction of subdominant individuals were observed in both the postlarval and fifth instar.
Childhood Fish Consumption and Learning and Behavioral Disorders.

Fish is a major source of nutrients critical for brain development during early life. The importance of childhood fish consumption is supported by several studies reporting associations of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation with better behavior and school performance. However, fish may have a different effect than n-3 PUFA alone due to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, a frequent contaminant. We investigated associations of childhood fish consumption with learning and behavioral disorders in birth cohort study of the neurotoxic effects of early life exposure to solvent-contaminated drinking water. Childhood (age 7–12 years) fish consumption and learning and behavioral problems were reported in self-administered questionnaires (age 23–41 at questionnaire completion). Fish consumption was not meaningfully associated with repeating a grade, tutoring, attending summer school, special class placement, or low educational attainment. However, participants who ate fish several times a week had an elevated odds of Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (odds ratio: 5.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.5–18) compared to participants who did not eat fish. While these findings generally support the safety of the observed level of fish consumption, the absence of a beneficial effect may be attributed to insufficient fish intake or the choice of relatively low n-3 PUFA fish.
Personal assistance, disability, and intimate partner violence: A guide for healthcare providers.

Purpose/objective Our objective was to provide evidence-based guidance for health care providers to engage in brief and extensive assessment of intimate partner violence (IPV) and to initiate appropriate safety precautions and referrals, all within the context of disability. Research Method/Design: This article is a review of the literature on prevalence and risk factors for IPV in nondisabled couples and in couples where a partner has a disability, on various assessment tools, and on the impact of personal assistance on relationships. Results When an individual has a disability, it is often her or his partner who provides personal assistance. While providing this assistance can produce individual and/or interrelational benefits, it is also associated with a number of mental and physical health problems, including anxiety, depression, anger, drug abuse, and relationship discord and dissatisfaction. In addition, IPV is not uncommon among couples, and risk for partner violence may include depression, drug abuse, and relationship dissatisfaction, among others. Conclusions/implications It is likely that health care providers will encounter individuals with disabilities who are both receiving care from their partners and who are also the victims of partner violence. Thus, they will need to be prepared to assess and triage patients who are in or may be at risk for abusive relationships and to ensure patient safety in the context of these relationships. However, it is also critically important that this assessment occurs within a culturally inclusive and disability-affirming context. (PsycINFO Database Record
A Retrospective Perspective of the Digital Recreation of Mid-Century Subjects

This article reflects on lessons learned and suggestions for future projects focused on using the tools of virtual heritage for the representation of the recent past. The earliest project that involved this combination of virtual heritage and “living history” was Shadows of Canaveral, a project based on oral history research with those involved in the Space Industry in Florida during the creation of a launch complex. More recently, the ChronoLeap project takes participants into the past to relive the 1964/1965 New York World’s Fair, and the ChronoPoints project attempts to recreate life inside mid-century structures including the Glass Bank in Cocoa Beach, Florida. The challenges and opportunities involved in this type of work result from the fact that those who are still alive can both contribute to the development of such projects and “talk back” regarding the representation of their history, lives, and culture. To that end, the article raises interesting questions about community participation, collaborat on, and negotiation in contexts in which those represented can answer back and offer critiques.
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering in neurodegenerative diseases.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tubular organelles with a characteristic “network structure” that facilitates the formation of inter-organellar connections. As a result, mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), a subdomain of the ER that is tightly linked to and communicates with mitochondria, serve multiple physiological functions including lipid synthesis and exchange, calcium signaling, bioenergetics, and apoptosis. Importantly, emerging evidence suggests that the abnormality and dysfunction of MAMs have been involved in various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson’s disease. This review will focus on the architecture and function of MAMs and its involvement in the neurodegenerative diseases.
Evaluation of predicted Medfly ( Ceratitis capitata ) quarantine length in the United States utilizing degree-day and agent-based models

Invasions by pest insects pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. In the case of Ceratitis capitata incursions on the US mainland, where it is not officially established, repeated detections are followed by quarantines and treatments to eliminate the invading population. However, it is difficult to accurately set quarantine duration because non-detection may not mean the pest is eliminated. Most programs extend quarantine lengths past the last fly detection by calculating the amount of time required for 3 generations to elapse under a thermal unit accumulation development model (“degree day”). A newer approach is to use an Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) to explicitly simulate population demographics and elimination. Here, predicted quarantine lengths for 11 sites in the continental United States are evaluated using both approaches. Results indicate a strong seasonality in quarantine length, with longer predictions in the second half of the year compared with the first; this pattern is more extreme in degree day predictions compared with ABS. Geographically, quarantine lengths increased with latitude, though this was less pronounced under the ABS. Variation in quarantine lengths for particular times and places was dramatically larger for degree day than ABS, generally spiking in the middle of the year for degree day and peaking in second half of the year for ABS. Analysis of 34 C. capitata quarantines from 1975 to 2017 in California shows that, for all but two, quarantines were started in the second half of the year, when degree day quarantine lengths are longest and have the highest uncertainty. For a set of hypothetical outbreaks based on these historical quarantines, the ABS produced significantly shorter quarantines than degree day calculations. Overall, ABS quarantine lengths were more consistent than degree day predictions, avoided unrealistically long values, and captured effects of rare events such as cold snaps.
Climate Change and Gender Equality in Developing States

Abstract It is commonly accepted that women can be more vulnerable than men to the adverse environmental effects of climate change. This paper evaluates whether the unequal distribution of costs women bear as a result of climate change are reflected across broader macro-social institutions to the detriment of gender equality and women's rights. It argues that gender disparities in climate change vulnerability not only reflect preexisting gender inequalities, they also reinforce them. Inequalities in the ownership and control of household assets and rising familial burdens due to male out-migration, declining food and water access, and increased disaster exposure can undermine women's ability to achieve economic independence, enhance human capital, and maintain health and wellbeing. Consequences for gender equality include reductions in intra-household bargaining power, as women become less capable of generating independent revenue. Outside the home, norms of gender discrimination and gender imbalances in socio-economic status should increase as women are less able to participate in formal labor markets, join civil society organizations, or collectively mobilize for political change. The outcome of these processes can reduce a society's level of gender equality by increasing constraints on the advancement of laws and norms that promote co-equal status. I empirically test this relationship across a sample of developing states between 1981 and 2010. The findings suggest that climate shocks and climatic disasters exert a broadly negative impact on gender equality, as deviations from long-term mean temperatures and increasing incidence of climatological and hydro-meteorological disasters are associated with declines in women's economic and social rights. These effects appear to be most salient in states that are relatively less-democratic, with greater dependence on agriculture, and lower levels of economic development.
17 β-Estradiol exacerbates methamphetamine-induced anxiety-like behavior in female mice.

Abstract The present experiment investigated the effect of 17 β-estradiol (E 2 ) on anxiety-like behavior following methamphetamine administration in female, Swiss-Webster mice. Mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) followed by a subcutaneous implantation of a Silastic capsule containing either sesame oil (OVX + Oil) or E 2 (36 μg/ml; OVX + E 2 ). One week later, mice were placed in an open-field chamber for an 8-h session. During the first 3 h of the session, mice were permitted to run in the absence of any drug (baseline). Then, mice were injected intraperitoneally with methamphetamine (0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) or vehicle (physiological saline) and returned to the open-field chamber for the remaining five hours of the session. Mice were injected with vehicle or a different methamphetamine dose once a week for 4 weeks. Four measures of anxiety were assessed: distanced traveled, vertical counts, time in the center, and time resting in the perimeter of the chamber. OVX + E 2 were less active and spent less time in the center than OVX + Oil mice during Hour 1 at certain doses, but not during remaining baseline hours (Hours 2–3). Furthermore, group differences were not observed during the Stimulant Phase (Hour 4) following injection of any methamphetamine dose (0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) or the vehicle. However, OVX + E 2 mice were less active, spent less time in the center, and spent more time resting in the perimeter of the chamber compared to OVX + Oil mice during certain hours of the Clearance Phase (Hours 5–8) following injection of the high (1.0 mg/kg), but not the low (0.25 mg/kg) or moderate (0.5 mg/kg), methamphetamine doses. These results suggest that E 2 exacerbates anxiety-like behavior during acute clearance from a high methamphetamine dose in OVX female mice, perhaps indicating that E 2 contributes to drug relapse in women by worsening anxiety-related withdrawal symptoms.
Conditions Associated with Essential Tremor in Veterans: A Potential Role for Chronic Stress

Background: Increased depression, hearing loss, dementia, alcoholism, and mortality in essential tremor patients remain unexplained. We investigated whether conditions associated with tremor are linked to chronic stress. Methods: The FY2013 Veterans Affairs database was queried for 38 selected dual diagnosis combinations in 5,854,223 veterans aged 21–95 years. Results: Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression were the most common psychiatric diagnoses in tremor patients, with the odds ratio exceeding 2 in all 15-year cohorts. Depending on age, patients with essential tremor were more likely than those without to have obsessive–compulsive disorder, bipolar illness, schizophrenia, use tobacco and abuse alcohol, have hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, coronary and cerebrovascular diseases, congestive heart failure, stroke, asthma, hypothyroidism, irritable bowel syndrome, renal insufficiency, alcoholic liver disease, hearing loss, glaucoma, macular degeneration, migraine, epilepsy, idiopathic polyneuropathy, history of head trauma, and ‘Alzheimer’s dementia. In contrast, lung and colorectal cancer, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, psychostimulant abuse, and rheumatoid arthritis were not more common. Discussion: Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression, strongly associated with essential tremor, are known risk factors for poor health habits, tobacco use and alcohol abuse; collectively these are risk factors for vascular disease, with further negative health consequences for multiple organ systems. As essential tremor is associated with all these conditions, we propose that chronic stress is not only responsible for the conditions associated with tremor but in some cases itself directly and indirectly induces essential tremor, so that tremor and poor health share a common cause.
Mitochondrial accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides requires TOMM22 as a main Aβ receptor in yeast

Mitochondrial accumulation of intracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides is present in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as in related mouse models of AD. This accumulation is extremely toxic because Aβ disrupts the normal functions of many mitochondrial proteins, resulting in significant mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, understanding the mitochondrial accumulation of Aβ is useful for future pharmaceutical design of drugs to address mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of this accumulation process remains elusive. Here, using yeast mitochondria, we present direct experimental evidence suggesting that Aβ is specifically recognized by translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane subunit 22 (Tom22 in yeast; TOMM22 in human), a noncanonical receptor within the mitochondrial protein import machinery, and that this recognition is critical for Aβ accumulation in mitochondria. Furthermore, we found that residues 25–42 in the Aβ peptide mediate the specific interaction with TOMM22. On the basis of our findings, we propose that cytosolic Aβ is recognized by TOMM22; transferred to another translocase subunit, TOMM40; and transported through the TOMM channel into the mitochondria. Our results not only confirm that yeast mitochondria can be used as a model to study mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Aβ peptides in AD but also pave the way for future studies of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial Aβ accumulation.
Mechanical Behavior of the Fingertip in Lateral Traction

In the past, it was observed indirectly that the mechanical properties of the fingertip could be characterized by elasticity from dc to about 100 Hz and by viscosity above this frequency. Using a high mobility probe specifically designed to test the mechanical impedance of small viscoelastic objects, we measured accurately the impedance of the fingertip of seven participants under a variety of conditions relevant to purposeful touch. Direct measurements vindicated the previous observations that interactions forces could be explained by linear elasticity up to an average of 100 Hz and by linear viscosity beyond this frequency, while inertial contributions could be neglected. We also characterized the dependency of the fingertip impedance upon normal load, orientation, and time. We discuss the implications of these results with regard to microscopic nature of fingertip tissues and the tactual perception of textures.
Modulation of the Guanylate Cyclase -cGMP System by Vasodilators and the Role of Free Radicals as Second Messengers

This brief article will review some of the studies, from this laboratory and others, that have led to our present understanding of the synthesis of cyclic GMP and its role in smooth muscle relaxation and more specifically its role to mediate the effects of several classes of vasodilators. The regulation of the synthesis of cyclic GMP and some of its effects in several model systems have recently been reviewed in some detail. Readers are referred to these reviews (Waldman and Murad, 1987; Murad, 1986; Leitman and Murad, 1987) and the references therein for a more detailed discussion.
Combining Data from “Related” Experiments

It is not uncommon that the experimental data that is available in a particular statistical investigation is accompanied by collateral information drawn from other sources. The possibility of exploiting auxiliary information, be it empirical or subjective, in order to improve one’s inferences is a challenge that has intrigued statisticians for decades. Indeed, the fields of Bayesian statistics, empirical Bayes inference and meta-analysis each focus on particular prescriptions for appropriately combining information from disparate sources, and each can be thought of as a way of exploiting information auxiliary to the experiment of current interest. Excellent overviews of these varied approaches to combining information include Gaver et al. (1992), a treatise which covers general approaches, and the monographs by Hedges and Olkin (1985) on meta-analytic techniques and by Maritz and Lwin (1989) on empirical Bayes methods. Notable contributors to this literature include Fisher (1932), Cochran (1937), Savage (1954), Robbins (1956), Glass (1978) and Deely and Lindley (1981).
Host attitudes toward tourism: An Improved Structural Model

Abstract Drawing from current literature, a theoretical tourism support model with a series of hypotheses was proposed. The model and the hypotheses were tested by utilizing a two-stage structural equation modeling approach. The findings of this study revealed that the host community backing for tourism development is affected directly and/or indirectly by nine determinants of residents’ support: the level of community concern, ecocentric values, utilization of tourism resource base, community attachment, the state of the local economy, economic benefits, social benefits, social costs, and cultural benefits. Further, results indicated that there are interactions among five dimensions of impacts. The proposed model explained the majority of the variance.
Multiplicative energy of polynomial images of intervals modulo q

Given a smooth integer q, we use existing upper bounds for character sums to find a lower bound for the size of a multiplicative subgroup of the integers modulo q which contains the image of an interval of consecutive integers I⊂Zq under a polynomial f∈Z[X].
Manufacturing Clusters and Firm Innovation

This study examines how much different manufacturing clusters encourage per-establishment innovation measured by citation-weighted patent applications, and at which geographical scales they boost p...
The DBP exposome: Development of a new method to simultaneously quantify priority disinfection by-products and comprehensively identify unknowns

Abstract Disinfected drinking water contains hundreds of disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are formed by the reaction of disinfectants with natural and anthropogenic organic matter, bromide, and iodide. Understanding what these DBPs are is important because millions of people worldwide consume drinking water every day, and human epidemiologic studies have reported cancer, miscarriage, and birth defects from consuming such waters. While more than 600 DBPs are reported in the literature, very few studies quantify complete classes of chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated DBPs. Also, very few studies conduct comprehensive non-target analyses of unknown DBPs to characterize the complete DBP exposure (the exposome). We developed a new gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) method that simultaneously quantifies 39 priority unregulated DBPs from six different chemical classes (haloacetaldehydes, haloketones, haloacetamides, haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes, and iodinated-trihalomethanes) and analyzes unknown DBPs with mass accuracy
Another Look at Looking Time: Surprise as Rational Statistical Inference.

Decades of developmental research have capitalized on the fact that infants are surprised (i.e., look longer) at some events but not others. Differences in looking time have been considered to be a reflection of perceptual discrimination, or a reaction toward witnessing a violation of prior expectations. Here, we provide an overview of a new perspective on infant surprise that examines the underlying cognitive processes that drive this response. We suggest that looking time may reflect sophisticated statistical inference, and we review empirical evidence and computational modeling results from several recent studies to support this conjecture (Kidd, Piantadosi, & Aslin, ; Piantadosi, Kidd, & Aslin, ; Sim, Griffiths, & Xu, ; Sim & Xu, ; Teglas et al., ). We also discuss how our view relates to other new developmental research on surprise and learning (Stahl & Feigenson, , ) and outline some suggestions for future research.
The Veil of Obscuration: Additional Radiographic Sign of Posterior Shoulder Dislocation.

Objective. To describe a new radiographic sign, “veil of obscuration”, associated with posterior glenohumeral joint (shoulder) dislocations and determine its incidence and validity compared to other known classic radiographic signs. Methods. Four-year retrospective study identified 30 acute posterior shoulder dislocation patients. Radiographs reviewed in consensus by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists for the “veil of obscuration”, seen on AP shoulder radiographs and representing a comminuted fracture of the lesser tuberosity projecting over the humeral head or glenohumeral joint. Incidence of this radiographic sign of posterior glenohumeral joint dislocation in addition to other previously described classic radiographic signs, and association with other fractures, surgery, and mechanism of injury were evaluated. Continuous data was analysed with student t-test and categorical data with Chi-Square test. Results. There were 20 right and 10 left posterior shoulder dislocations. Majority of injuries resulted from vehicle crash (44%). In most cases, reverse Hill-Sachs lesion (83%) and fixed internal rotation of the humeral head (76%) were present, followed by trough line (43%) and “veil of obscuration” (40%). Trough line was seen in significantly more major trauma and vehicle crashes (78% and 46%; P=0.015), while “veil of obscuration” was seen in more seizures (86%; P=0.037) and in all surgical patients. No significant difference in presence of other classic radiographic signs in regards to surgery. Conclusion. The newly described radiographic sign of posterior shoulder dislocations named the “veil of obscuration” has comparable incidence as other classic radiographic signs and may be useful in the recognition and diagnosis of these injuries.
Circular-Polarized Textile Based Antenna for Wearable Body Area Networks

In this paper, we present the design of a robust metasurface-based circular-polarized wearable textile antenna. The proposed antenna, operating at the 2.4 GHz ISM band, possesses a stable impedance matching, wide axial ratio bandwidth, and exceptional gain performance even under the expected range of possible textile material variations. As such, the proposed antenna represents an ideal candidate for integration into a wearable garment.
Assessing Ganglion Cell Layer Topography in Human Albinism Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose To test whether ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) topography is altered in albinism. Methods Optical coherence tomography scans were analyzed in 30 participants with albinism and 25 control participants. Horizontal and vertical line scans were acquired at the fovea, then strip registered and averaged. The Duke Optical Coherence Tomography Retinal Analysis Program was used to automatically segment the combined GCL and IPL and total retinal thickness, followed by program-assisted manual segmentation of the boundary between the GCL and IPL. Layer thickness and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated within 2.5 mm of the fovea. Nasal-temporal and superior-inferior asymmetry were calculated as an AUC ratio in each quadrant. Results GCL and IPL topography varied between participants. The summed AUC in all quadrants was similar between groups for both the GCL (P = 0.84) and IPL (P = 0.08). Both groups showed nasal-temporal asymmetry in the GCL, but only participants with albinism had nasal-temporal asymmetry in the IPL. Nasal-temporal asymmetry was greater in albinism for both the GCL (P < 0.0001) and the IPL (P = 0.0006). The GCL usually comprised a greater percentage of the combined GCL and IPL in controls than in albinism. Conclusions The GCL and IPL have greater structural variability than previously reported. GCL and IPL topography are significantly altered in albinism, which suggests differences in the spatial distribution of retinal ganglion cells. This finding provides insight into foveal development and structure-function relationships in foveal hypoplasia.
Qatar v. United Arab Emirates: Order on Provisional Measures (I.C.J.)

On June 11, 2018, the State of Qatar (Qatar) instituted legal proceedings against the United Arab Emirates (UAE) before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), alleging violations of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD Convention). On the same day, Qatar also applied for provisional measures of protection.
A Multi-Modal Assessment of Clinical Predictors for Traumatic Brain Injury End-Points

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex injury that has a multi-faceted recovery process. The current “gold standard” for classifying severity of TBI symptoms is the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE),...
Age-related Changes in Diffuse Optical Tomography Sensitivity by Source-Detector Separation in Infancy

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) uses near-infrared light spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentration. Anatomical interpretations of the location that generates the hemodynamic signal requires accurate descriptions of DOT sensitivity to the underlying cortical structures. Such information is limited for pediatric populations because they undergo rapid head and brain development. The present study used photon propagation simulation methods to examine DOT sensitivity profiles in realistic head models among infants ranging from 2 weeks to 24 months with narrow age bins, children (4 and 12 years) and adults (20 to 24 years). The sensitivity profile changed systematically with the source-detector separation distance. The peak of the sensitivity function was largest at the smallest separation distance and decreased as source-detector distance increased. The fluence value dissipated more quickly with penetration depth at the shorter source-detector separations than the longer separations. There were age-related differences in the shape and variance of DOT sensitivity profiles across a wide range of source-detector separations. Our findings have important implications in the design of sensor placement and DOT image reconstruction in NIRS and fNIRS research. Age-appropriate realistic head models should be used to provide anatomical guidance for standalone DOT data in infants.
Social relationship quality, depression and inflammation: A cross-cultural longitudinal study in the United States and Tokyo, Japan:

Background:Depression is an illness with biological, psychological, and social underpinnings, which may include the interplay of inflammation, psychological traits, stress, social relationships, an...
The impact of bisphosphonates on postoperative complication rates in osteoporotic patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion

To elucidate the effects of bisphosphonates on complications following posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) with a large database study. The PearlDiver Patient Record Database was queried to identify adult patients who had undergone posterior lumbar fusion (PLF). Those patient cohorts were divided based on a diagnosis of osteoporosis prior to surgery and bisphosphonate usage. This yielded three groups: Osteo+Bisph+, Osteo+Bisph−, and Osteo−Bisph−. The primary outcome of the present study was revision rates at 6 months and 1 year following surgery. Incidence of postoperative complications was analyzed, and statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson chi-square analysis. Patients taking bisphosphonates did not have significantly different rates of revision surgery at 6 months and 1 year, instrumentation complications, or post-vertebral fractures than patients not taking bisphosphonates. Additionally, osteoporotic patients did not have significantly different rates of these complications than patients without osteoporosis. Bisphosphonate usage did not significantly affect the rates of postoperative complications following posterior lumbar fusion. Further research is required to fully elucidate the effects of bisphosphonates on outcomes and complications following spine surgery.
Four Uncharted Corners of Anti-Corruption Law: in Search of Remedies to the Sanctioning Effect

This Article is the third installment in a long-term research project that examines the effects of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in relation to its underlying policy goals. It first reiterates the various data points showing that enforcement now has the unintended effect of reducing investment in higher-corruption markets. Because this amounts to the withdrawal of capital from developing countries in protest of their political conditions, I call this the “sanctioning effect.” The paper then seeks to push the envelope of current anti-bribery debates by exploring connections to four fields of academic inquiry not typically associated with the FCPA. First, this Article argues that the FCPA deserves a prominent place in the broader securities law discussion of the “bonding thesis,” which examines why foreign companies enter U.S. capital markets despite higher costs and liability. The Article explains that because entering the U.S. capital markets triggers jurisdiction over foreign companies, securities laws that are designed to induce such listings can help remedy the sanctioning effect. Second, the Article explores the principle, recently adopted by the Obama Administration, that corruption is properly understood as a human rights issue. It argues that truly embracing this principle as the cornerstone of our anti-corruption agenda would transform FCPA enforcement. Third, the paper shows that the theories of criminal punishment that explain the current enforcement regime are general deterrence and incapacitation, and that these compound the sanctioning effect. It then draws on the contemporary restorative justice debate to begin sketching the contours of an alternative paradigm. Finally, the Article describes several examples of foreign policy concerns dramatically altering FCPA enforcement outcomes and suggests that a more coherent and transparent treatment of the FCPA's foreign policy implications may require establishing a new federal office. The paper provides a preliminary mapping of these uncharted corners in anticipation of future academic (ad)ventures.
Social Group Semantics: The Evidentiary Requirements of "Particularity" and "Social Distinction" in pro se Asylum Adjudications

An applicant applying for asylum on the basis of membership in a particular social group must produce evidence showing that their particular social group (1) shares an immutable characteristic, (2) is defined with particularity, and (3) is socially distinct. On February 7, 2014, the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) clarified its definition of particularity and social distinction in Matter of M-E-V-G-. According to the BIA, particularity defines the “outer limits” of the group’s boundaries. Social distinction requires the particular social group to be “perceived as a group by society.” Despite the BIA’s supposed goal, M E V G has done little to clarify the particular social group standard. This Note argues that a pro se asylum applicant cannot show both particularity and social distinction. If the applicant defines her group too discretely, the group may fail to satisfy the element of social distinction. But, an amorphous particular social group is certain to fail the requirement of particularity. It is unreasonable to expect a pro se applicant to play this game of semantics. Furthermore, social distinction requires the applicant to produce sociological evidence — mostly in the form of expert witnesses. This implicit requirement of sociological evidence prevents pro se applicants from defining a satisfactory particular social group. In order to protect pro se applicants, this Note proposes a system of precedential fact-finding — drawing upon the United Kingdom’s Country Guidance System — to alleviate some of the burdens of particularity and social distinction.
Reading Phaedrus Like a Girl: Misfires and Rhizomes in Reading Performances

Following Derrida’s reading of Phaedrus in “Plato’s Pharmacy,” poststructuralist critique of Platonism has focused on Plato’s condemnation of writing as “orphan,” irresponsible and pernicious to memory. In this essay I want to extend Derrida’s deconstructive reading to the first part of the dialogue. Bracketing Socrates’ distinction between memory as the locus of true learning, and writing as the parasitic use of external hypomnemata, I read the dialogue as a machine of writing and desire. I focus on the production and deterritorialization of desire through the dramatic exchanges between Socrates and Phaedrus, Phaedrus and reader. I argue that the dialogue works as a closet drama where gestures of desire and speech are enabled by the indebtedness and affectivity of the participants. Gestures and desire are performances of listening that condition subjectivity and at the same time permeate its boundaries. Borrowing Deleuze’s notions of the rhizome and the machine, I argue that the relation between body and speech, desire and philosophy is not a metaphor but rather a becoming. Reading Phaedrus like a girl means exactly this: the deterritorialization and degenitalization of reading, writing, and desire; the boundaries between speaker and listener becoming imperceptible; the speaker or the reader engaging in the discourse only through his or her indebtedness to, and affectivity by, what remains heterogeneously other.
Past and future of high Q2 3 body physics at SLAC

The nuclear physics program at SLAC is currently dominated by the study of constituents of nuclei. The EMC effect indicates that additional degrees of freedom exist in nuclei and probably in the three body system. Past measurements of electron scattering cross sections from 3He at large Q2 and large x are consistent with the EMC effect. Future measurements of elastic scattering from 3H using a LiT solid target are discussed.
Cytokine Regulation of Filaria: Induced Airway and Corneal Disease

Approximately 200 million individuals are infected with filarial helminths, the parasitic helminths that cause lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis (river blindness). Filariae are thread-like nematodes that are transmitted by the bite of blood-sucking arthropods (mosquitoes transmit lymphatic filariae and black flies transmit onchocerciasis). Adult males and females are viviparous, and the early first stage larvae, termed microfiariae, are present in either the blood (lymphatic filariae) or the skin (onchocerciasis).
The effects of neutralized particles on the sampling efficiency of polyurethane foam used to estimate the extrathoracic deposition fraction

ABSTRACTIn addition to chemical composition, the site of deposition of inhaled particles is important for determining the potential health effects from an exposure. As a result, the International Organization for Standardization adopted a particle deposition sampling convention. This includes extrathoracic particle deposition sampling conventions for the anterior nasal passages (ET1) and the posterior nasal and oral passages (ET2). This study assessed how well a polyurethane foam insert placed in an Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler can match an extrathoracic deposition sampling convention, while accounting for possible static buildup in the test particles. In this way, the study aimed to assess whether neutralized particles affected the performance of this sampler for estimating extrathoracic particle deposition. A total of three different particle sizes (4.9, 9.5, and 12.8 µm) were used. For each trial, one particle size was introduced into a low-speed wind tunnel with a wind speed set a ...
The suicide of Seymour Glass

This paper explores the suicide of Seymour Glass, a major character in J. D. Salinger's fiction and utilizes the "psychological autopsy" technique as a framework for investigating the psychodynamics of Seymour's death. Based upon materials provided throughout Salinger's stories, the suicide is analyzed in terms of five major elements related to Seymour's emotional state and manifest behaviors: (1) details of the death; (2) personal story; (3) level of perturbation; (4) personality and life-style; and (5) intention and lethality of the act. Additionally, this essay posits various interpretations on the suicide and allows for insights into the psychodynamic functioning of a major literary character.
Novel approaches to measure acoustic emissions as biomarkers for joint health assessment

The ultimate objective of this research is to quantify changes in joint sounds during recovery from musculoskeletal injury, and to then use the characteristics of such sounds as a biomarker for quantifying joint rehabilitation progress. This paper focuses on the robust measurement of joint acoustic emissions using miniature microphones placed on the knee and interfaced to custom hardware. Two types of microphones were investigated: (1) miniature microphones with a sound port for detecting airborne sounds; and (2) piezoelectric film based contact microphones for detecting skin vibrations associated with internal sounds. Additionally, inertial measurements were taken simultaneously with joint sounds to observe the consistency in the acoustic emissions in the context of particular activities: knee flexion / extension (without load) and multi-joint weighted movement involving knee and hip flexion / extension (i.e. sit-to-stand). The preliminary data demonstrated that high quality joint sound measurements can be obtained with unique and repeatable acoustic signatures in healthy and injured joints. Additionally, the results suggest that combining piezoelectric contact microphones (which detect high quality acoustic emission signals directly from the skin vibrations but can be compromised with loss of skin contact) and electret microphones (which measure lower signal-to-noise ratio airborne sounds from the joint but can even measure such sounds at 5 cm distance from the skin) can provide robust measurements for a future wearable system to assess joint health in patients during rehabilitation at home.
Cost-Effective Mechanical Property Characterization

This paper describes current mechanical property characterization practices for advanced composites in automotive and primarily stiffness-critical aircraft secondary structure applications. The use of extensive costly test programs to develop statistically valid static and fatigue design allowables is avoided. Use is made of small property-characterization programs that make maximum use of cost-effective coupon-type specimens and that are tailored to the special application at hand.