cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compensation of Adverse Events Following Immunization in China and Abroad

Objective "Adverse events following immunization"means the adverse drug reactions during or after standard administration of qualified vaccines,which causes impairment to the body,tissue,organ or function of vaccinees without any fault of all parties concerned.Death,severe disability or organ damage caused by adverse events following immunization shall be compensated,but most of the relevant regulations were already behind the times and vaccinees can not get enough compensation from them.Here,we describe the regulation of compensation in some other countries and give some advice to China.
Toward transformation: Digital tools for online dance pedagogy

ABSTRACTMedia advances have changed the ways in which we interact, communicate, teach, and learn. The growth of telecommunication, video sharing sites, specifically YouTube, and social media, have exponentially increased the number of people interested in dance and dance education. Technology presents new ways for students to think about their learning, express their ideas, and problem solve. Dance teachers and artists are recognizing the digital explosion through increased connectivity in all aspects of the profession, artmaking, instruction, and performance. Instructional technological developments seem to be in sync with current art education policy initiatives and educational practices. These developments have increased opportunities for students to customize and take charge of their own learning. The following technological options are considered in this article: online instruction, massive online open courses, dance-specific professional development programs, applications to support dance instructio...
Determination of TM and TE modes of the circular waveguide with a cross-shaped insert using eigenfunction expansions and domain matching

AbstractTM and TE modes and eigenvalues for the metallic circular waveguide with a cross-shaped insert are studied by the method of eigenfunction expansions and domain matching. As the cross size is increased from zero, the cut-off TM eigenvalue rises singularly. The cut-off TE eigenvalue falls singularly to zero as the cross approaches the outer circular shield. Higher modes are also determined. The structure can be utilized to promote TE mode propagation and increase frequency separation.
A Graphical Method of Parameter Selection for CSP-1, CSP-2, and CSP-R Under a Nonreplacement Assumption

Previously published graphs for finding the parameters of continuous sampling plans assumed defective units found are replaced with good units. Provided here are graphs for quickly finding highly accurate approximations to the AOQL and i values for CSP-..
Microfluidic Circuit for Integrated DNA Sequencing Product Purification and Analysis

A microfluidic circuit for DNA sequencing sample desalting, template removal, and preconcentration has been integrated with on-chip electrophoretic analysis. A 60-nL chamber containing a DNA affinity copolymer is used to capture and preconcentrate sequencing extension products in only 120 s. Thermal denaturation of the affinity hybrid is followed by high-speed microchip electrophoresis resulting in 560 bases with an accuracy ≥ 99% in only 30 min.
Preparation and biological evaluation of 64Cu labeled AmBaSar-RGD peptide for improved microPET imaging of integrin {alpha}v{beta}3 expression

84 Objectives Recently, using a new cage-like bifunctional chelator 4-((8-amino-3,6,10,13,16,19- hexaazabicyclo [6.6.6]icosane-1-ylamino)methyl)benzoic acid (AmBaSar), we synthesized the novel PET tracer 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD for ανβ3 integrin receptor imaging. We now report the in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of this new agent. Methods 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD was prepared and formulated using the novel chelator AmBaSar for 64Cu labeling, developed in our laboratory. In vitro and in vivo stability, lipophilicity, U87MG cell uptake, microPET imaging, receptor blocking experiments, and biodistribution studies in U87MG xenograft model of 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD were investigated, and results were directly compared with the established radiotracer 64Cu-DOTA-RGD. Results The 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD was obtained with high radiochemical yield (≥ 95%) and purity (≥ 99%) under mild conditions (pH 5.5, 37 °C) in less than 30 min. For in vitro study, the radiochemical purity of 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD was more than 97% in the PBS or FBS and 95% in mouse serum after 24 hr incubation. The log P value of 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD was -2.44 ± 0.12. Based on microPET imaging, 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD and 64Cu-DOTA-RGD demonstrated comparable tumor uptake at selected time points. The receptor specificity was confirmed by blocking experiments for both tracers. Compared with 64Cu-DOTA-RGD, 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD demonstrated much lower liver accumulation in both microPET imaging and biodistribution studies. Metabolic studies directly demonstrated that 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD was more stable in vivo than 64Cu-DOTA-RGD. Conclusions The 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD was obtained in high yield under mild conditions for PET imaging of ανβ3 integrin expression. This tracer exhibited good tumor-targeting efficacy, excellent metabolic stability, as well as favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the 64Cu-AmBaSar-RGD demonstrated its improved in vivo stability compared with the established tracer 64Cu-DOTA-RGD
Social Media Networking Literacy: Rebalancing Sharing, Privacy, and Legal Observance

Social media networking seems to have exploded as the next big wave after the proliferation of the World Wide Web’s Internet interface. The numbers are astounding: for example, over 1 billion people are connected on Facebook, there are nearly as many Twitter accounts, WhatsApp has over half a billion users, and over 200 million people use Instagram. It is not a far-fetched statement to say that the majority of the users on these social media networks are young people, probably at the age where risk assessment is not very high on their priorities. Sharing is the norm, even of the most intimate and private details. However, some sharing can be harmful, as not only might it intrude into the privacy of the users themselves or those who are connected to them, but it may come back to haunt them later in life with devastating consequences. It is imperative that social media network users have some level of literacy, which allows them to estimate the proper balance between their sharing activities, the needs for their privacy as well as that of their contacts, and the need to respect the intellectual property of fellow netizens.
Somatic MAP2K1 Mutations Are Associated with Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformation

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a fast-flow, congenital vascular anomaly that may arise anywhere in the body. AVMs typically progress, causing destruction of surrounding tissue and, sometimes, cardiac overload. AVMs are difficult to control; they often re-expand after embolization or resection, and pharmacologic therapy is unavailable. We studied extracranial AVMs in order to identify their biological basis. We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on AVM tissue from affected individuals. Endothelial cells were separated from non-endothelial cells by immune-affinity purification. We used droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to confirm mutations found by WES and WGS, to determine whether mutant alleles were enriched in endothelial or non-endothelial cells, and to screen additional AVM specimens. In seven of ten specimens, WES and WGS detected and ddPCR confirmed somatic mutations in mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1), the gene that encodes MAP-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (MEK1). Mutant alleles were enriched in endothelial cells and were not present in blood or saliva. 9 of 15 additional AVM specimens contained mutant MAP2K1 alleles. Mutations were missense or small in-frame deletions that affect amino acid residues within or adjacent to the protein's negative regulatory domain. Several of these mutations have been found in cancers and shown to increase MEK1 activity. In summary, somatic mutations in MAP2K1 are a common cause of extracranial AVM. The likely mechanism is endothelial cell dysfunction due to increased MEK1 activity. MEK1 inhibitors, which are approved to treat several forms of cancer, are potential therapeutic agents for individuals with extracranial AVM.
The relevance of moral norms in distinct relational contexts: Purity versus harm norms regulate self-directed actions.

Recent efforts to partition the space of morality have focused on the descriptive content of distinct moral domains (e.g., harm versus purity), or alternatively, the relationship between the perpetrator and victim of moral violations. Across three studies, we demonstrate that harm and purity norms are relevant in distinct relational contexts. Moral judgments of purity violations, compared to harm violations, are relatively more sensitive to the negative impact perpetrators have on themselves versus other victims (Study 1). This pattern replicates across a wide array of harm and purity violations varying in severity (Studies 2 and 3). Moreover, while perceptions of harm predict moral judgment consistently across relational contexts, perceptions of purity predict moral judgment more for self-directed actions, where perpetrators violate themselves, compared to dyadic actions, where perpetrators violate other victims (Study 3). Together, these studies reveal how an action’s content and its relational context interact to influence moral judgment, providing novel insights into the adaptive functions of harm and purity norms.
Being a Neighbor: Ideas and Ideals of Neighborliness in the Medieval West

This essay takes stock of current scholarship on neighbors in the Middle Ages to think through medieval understandings of the notion of neighborliness. When historians invoke the ideas of neighbors and neighborliness, they mean something beyond the people who lived in adjoining buildings or on adjacent plots of land. When medieval people called someone a “neighbor,” the label conveyed a set of obligations, behaviors, and expectations, rooted in the idea that neighbors were among the group of people who were privy to the intimacies of each others' lives, at times both monumental and mundane. Medieval neighborliness was not uncomplicated or understood as unequivocally positive of course. Neighbors were not always a source of unconditional support or love. Despite a Christian rhetoric that emphasized a love of one's neighbor as a vehicle for loving God, medieval studies have suggested that the figure of the neighbor was, in fact, a source of danger and disquiet. This notion of neighborliness as a source of unease explains, perhaps, why scholars of medieval religion and religious interaction showcase some of the most fruitful uses of the concept. This article considers how scholars have accessed medieval notions of neighbors and neighborliness in their exploration of medieval community.
Roles of Staphylococcus aureus Mnh1 and Mnh2 Antiporters in Salt Tolerance, Alkali Tolerance, and Pathogenesis.

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus has three types of cation/proton antiporters. The type 3 family includes two multisubunit Na + /H + (Mnh) antiporters, Mnh1 and Mnh2. These antiporters are clusters of seven hydrophobic membrane-bound protein subunits. Mnh antiporters play important roles in maintaining cytoplasmic pH in prokaryotes, enabling their survival under extreme environmental stress. In this study, we investigated the physiological roles and catalytic properties of Mnh1 and Mnh2 in S. aureus. Both Mnh1 and Mnh2 were cloned separately into a pGEM3Z+ vector in the antiporter-deficient KNabc Escherichia coli strain. The catalytic properties of the antiporters were measured in everted (inside out) vesicles. The Mnh1 antiporter exhibited a significant exchange of Na + /H + cations at pH 7.5. Mnh2 showed a significant exchange of both Na + /H + and K + /H + cations, especially at pH 8.5. Under elevated salt conditions, deletion of the mnhA1 gene resulted in a significant reduction in the growth rate of S. aureus in the range of pH 7.5 to 9. Deletion of mnhA2 had similar effects but mainly in the range of pH 8.5 to 9.5. Double deletion of mnhA1 and mnhA2 led to a severe reduction in the S. aureus growth rate mainly at pH values above 8.5. The effects of functional losses of both antiporters in S. aureus were also assessed via their support of virulence in a mouse in vivo infection model. Deletion of the mnhA1 gene led to a major loss of S. aureus virulence in mice, while deletion of mnh2 led to no change in virulence. IMPORTANCE This study focuses on the catalytic properties and physiological roles of Mnh1 and Mnh2 cation/proton antiporters in S. aureus and their contributions under different stress conditions. The Mnh1 antiporter was found to have catalytic activity for Na + /H + antiport, and it plays a significant role in maintaining halotolerance at pH 7.5 while the Mnh2 antiporter has catalytic antiporter activities for Na + /H + and K + /H + that have roles in both osmotolerance and halotolerance in S. aureus. Study of S. aureus with a single deletion of either mnhA1 or mnhA2 was assessed in an infection model of mice. The result shows that mnhA1 , but not mnhA2 , plays a major role in S. aureus virulence.
Blepharoplasty: Anatomy, Planning, Techniques, and Safety

Blepharoplasty is one of the most commonly performed cosmetic surgical procedures. To date it remains the most powerful method of periorbital rejuvenation when compared to other nonsurgical modalities, especially in the aging face. Despite that, the procedure has its shortcomings that include a steep learning curve, prolonged recovery, and potential for appearance and life-changing complications. Attaining successful outcomes relies on a solid understanding of facial topography, patient and technique selection, and, when appropriate, following a conservative approach. Modern blepharoplasty relies on tissue conservation and volume enhancement rather than aggressive removal. This concept was conceived after the realization that older techniques resulted in a hollowed appearance, which accentuated the aging process. It was further reinforced by advances in knowledge of periorbital anatomy and aging changes. This Continuing Medical Education article will detail periorbital surgical anatomy, preoperative planning, and varied blepharoplasty approaches and techniques, with an emphasis on safety and tailoring the procedure to the patient's anatomy.
Are surgeons reluctant to accurately report intraoperative adverse events? A prospective study of 1,989 patients.

Abstract Background The true incidence of intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) remains unknown. Methods All patients undergoing abdominal surgery at an academic institution between January and July 2016 were included in a prospective fashion. At the end of surgery, using a secure REDCap database, the surgeon was given the Institute of Medicine definition of intraoperative adverse events and asked whether an intraoperative adverse event had occurred. Blinded reviewers systematically examined all operative reports for intraoperative adverse events and their severity. The response rate and the intraoperative adverse event rate reported by surgeons were calculated. The latter was compared with the rate of intraoperative adverse events detected by operative report review. The severity of intraoperative adverse events was assessed based on a previously validated intraoperative adverse event classification system. Results A total of 1,989 operations were included. The surgeons’ response rate was 71.9%, reporting intraoperative adverse events in 107 operations (7.5%). Of those intraoperative adverse events, 26 (24.3%) were not described in the operative report. Operative report review revealed intraoperative adverse events in 417 operations (21.0%). Most injuries were of lower severity (85.8% were either class I or II). The surgeons’ response rate was similar in operations with and without intraoperative adverse events (69.8% versus 72.5%, P=.28), but they underreported low severity intraoperative adverse events—only 13.2% of class I compared with 35.3%, 36.8%, and 55.6% of injury classes II, III, and IV respectively (P Conclusion Surgeons are willing to report intraoperative adverse events, but systematically and significantly underreport them, especially if they are of lower severity. This is potentially related to the absence of a clear intraoperative adverse event definition or their personal interpretation of their clinical significance.
Women with Complete Spinal Cord Injury: A Phenomenological Study of Sexuality and Relationship Experiences

The phenomenological study described in this paper examines the sexuality and relationship “lived experiences” of 15 adult women who sustained complete spinal cord injury between the levels of T6 and L2 verified by a physiatrist. Audiotaped, semi-structured interviews were conducted by an interdisciplinary team of investigators. A set of themes and sequentially consistent patterns emerged from post-injury data that were labelled: Cognitive-genital dissociation, sexual disenfranchisement, sexual exploration, and sexuality reintegration. Sexuality and relationship issues in women with complete SCI are discussed, and indications for future studies and educational implications are presented.
New results in cryogenic helium flows at ultra-high Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers

Liquid helium I, II and cryogenic helium gas are used to generate and study highly turbulent flows under controlled laboratory conditions. These three working fluids have remarkable versatility, allowing extremely large values and dynamic ranges of the Reynolds (Re) and Royleigh (Ra) numbers to be reached. In particular, cryogenic helium gas has been used to study turbulent thermal convection in a range 10 6 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 17 , by far the largest ever attained in a controlled experiment on turbulence. The upper limit exceeds previous studies by nearly three orders of magnitude.
Abstract 4058: Race-associated breast cancer disparities: The role of CRYBB2 and its pseudogene

Research demonstrates young African American (AA) women have higher mortality rates for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), despite lower incidence rates, when compared to Caucasian American (CA) women. These disparate poor patient outcomes may be attributed to access to quality care, socioeconomic status, education, or geographic location. However, numerous other studies have demonstrated that gene expression differences may also contribute to the higher mortality rates experienced by AA women, suggestive of biological differences among these two patient populations. Consequently, CRYBB2 is one gene that has consistently been associated with AA race in normal and malignant tissues. Although, its basic function in these tissues is currently unknown, higher expression of CRYBB2 is significantly correlated with poor outcome in breast, colorectal and prostate cancers in AAs. We analyzed all publically available gene expression datasets from studies focused on breast cancer health disparities and discovered that all probes detected CRYBB2 as well as its pseudogene, CRYBB2P1. It is becoming increasingly clear that pseudogenes have the ability to modify the mechanisms of their functional parental genes. However, it remains unclear whether the high expression of CRYBB2, CRYBB2P1, or both, affect cell behaviors to alter disease progression. Herein, we investigated the biological consequences of CRYBB2 and CRYBB2P1 in three basal-like TNBC cell lines (SUM159, MDA-MB-231, Hs578t) using CRISPR/Cas9 and overexpression technologies. The functional consequence of CRYBB2 and CRYBB2P1 expression were evaluated using in vitro and biochemical assays, as well as in vivo tumorigenesis studies. Our findings demonstrate overexpression of CRYBB2 and CRYBB2P1 alter cell proliferation, cytokine and growth factor production, and tumorigenesis. This data highlights the potential molecular mechanisms by which CRYBB2 and CRYBB2P1 contribute to poor patient outcome. Citation Format: Maya A. Barrow, Megan E. Martin, Denise K. Reaves, Breanna Jeffcoat, Ginger R. Smith, Michael Tarpley, Kevin P. Williams, Jodie M. Fleming. Race-associated breast cancer disparities: The role of CRYBB2 and its pseudogene [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4058.
The Confluence of the Aging of the American Population and the Aging of the Urological Workforce: The Parmenides Fallacy

AbstractIntroduction:An analysis was conducted of the interaction of the aging of the American population, the urological workforce and the impact on the future delivery of urological care.Methods:...
Antibiotic Stewardship in the Patient with Diarrhea: Who Needs Antibiotics? And Which Antibiotics Do I Prescribe?

Most diarrheal illnesses do not benefit from antibiotics, and they should not be prescribed for uncomplicated cases lasting less than 5 days. Bacterial stool cultures are rarely positive. Patients can be advised that not only do empiric antibiotics not benefit most cases of acute diarrhea but they have detrimental short- and long-term effects on the intestinal microbiome. Even when a bacterial source is identified, antibiotics may have limited value. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella, or Campylobacter containing the O157:H7 phage.
From One Medium to Another: Continuing the Narrative World on Twitter and Facebook

Using narrative processing approach and uses and gratification theory, this study examined the motivations behind audience members desire to use social networking sites (SNS) Facebook and Twitter to: 1) connect with entertainment shows, 2) engage with characters on those shows, and 3) to engage with the actors that play those characters. After exposing participants to an episode of a show to gauge their engagement, they were asked to complete a questionnaire. The results suggest that levels of transportation predict likelihood of connecting with the show on social networking platforms. The levels of identification and parasocial interaction experienced during viewing predict the likelihood of following the character and the actor that played that role. Parasocial interaction with a character mediated the relationship between source attraction and connecting with the character and the actor on SNS. Theoretically, this research extends uses and gratification and narrative processing in the area of social networking research. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Communications under the Constraint of de-chirp Channel Distortion

We analyze the effects of radar stretch processing on a system that jointly receives communications waveforms and radar waveforms. This effort is motivated by the growing interest in RF convergence, for which spectrum is cooperatively used for multiple functions simultaneously. In this paper, we first introduce and motivate the use of chirp radar waveforms and review stretch processing for radar applications. We then consider communications signaling under the constraint of a stretch processing radar receiver that de-chirps pulses at the first stage of the processing chain. Since it may not be possible in some systems to perform communications reception prior to the de-chirp processing block, we analyze the effects of de-chirp processing as part of the communications channel.
Associated primes of local cohomology of flat extensions with regular fibers and Σ-finite D-modules

Abstract In this manuscript, we study the following question raised by Mel Hochster: Let ( R , m , K ) be a local ring and S be a flat extension with regular closed fiber. Is V ( m S ) ∩ Ass S H I i ( S ) finite for every ideal I ⊂ S and i ∈ N ? We prove that the answer is positive when S is either a polynomial or a power series ring over R and dim ( R / I ∩ R ) ⩽ 1 . In addition, we analyze when this question can be reduced to the case where S is a power series ring over R. An important tool for our proof is the use of Σ-finite D-modules, which are not necessarily finitely generated as D-modules, but whose associated primes are finite. We give examples of this class of D-modules and applications to local cohomology.
Systematic Process Intensification involving Zeotropic Distillation

Abstract Distillation is commonly used for separating homogeneous fluid mixtures. While it is based on a simple thermally driven vapor-liquid equilibrium phenomenon at the two-phase region, different variants of distillation systems exist. These include simple distillation, dividing wall columns, pressure swing distillation, thermally coupled distillation and reactive distillation. Complex separation may also involve multiple distillation in a sequence to achieve the desired products. These sequences can be constructed as direct sequence, indirect sequence or thermally coupled columns. Even when a sequence is fixed, each column in the sequence can have a plethora of design alternatives to consider. All these make the design and intensification of distillation systems a challenging task. The large number of plausible design alternatives increases the combinatorial complexity for screening. Although significant efforts have been made in the past, we still lack a method for systematic identification of novel pathways for process intensification of distillation system. This is due to the lack of a generalized representation of all plausible alternatives in a single modeling and optimization framework. In this work, we first present a general representation of thermally driven vapor-equilibrium phenomenon using abstract building blocks. Specifically, each tray in a distillation column is represented by a liquid block and a vapor block with a shared semi-restricted boundary representing the interface. The arrangement of these building blocks in a two-dimensional grid gives rise to all plausible variants of distillation systems. These systems range from simple distillation, dividing wall columns to task-integrated columns. This enables us to systematically identify both classic and out-of-the-box intensified designs at the column and flowsheet levels. The overall distillation-based separation process synthesis problem is formulated as a single mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. The proposed approach is applied to multi-component zeotropic systems to show the capability of identifying promising intensified alternatives.
From basins to rivers: Understanding the revitalization and significance of top-down drainage integration mechanisms in drainage basin evolution

Abstract The top-down drainage basin integration and drainage network evolutionary processes of lake overflow and aggradational spillover (or aggradational piracy), collectively referred to here as spillover, are undergoing a revitalization in the literature to explain aspects of drainage basin evolution and transverse drainage development across the globe. Spillover processes are commonly unidentified or misidentified as other processes (e.g., piracy/capture via headward erosion, superimposition, antecedence). Commonly invoked arguments for stream piracy associated with “headward erosion” are discussed in the context of contemporary research highlighting the inefficiency of this process. The term “headward erosion” in this context is often misconstrued and confused with headward propagating knickpoints in preexisting drainages that are actively evolving. This term is, therefore, misused when discussing basin integration and the establishment of new transverse drainages. We propose the term “drainage-head erosion” to rectify this and recommend that “headward erosion” only be used when referring to real headward erosion when a preexisting stream has headward propagating knickpoints or a knickzone. Recent investigations have pointed to an engrained paradigm and pedagogical bias as a possible culprit for the lack of recognition of lake overflow and aggradational spillover. Despite this, spillover is common in a variety of terrestrial and extraterrestrial settings, including geomorphic and geographic settings ranging from post-glacial drainage reorganization to drainage integration processes in extensional tectonic terrains. The focus of this manuscript is to provide a summary of these processes as presented in the scientific literature and to highlight the revitalization of spillover in present research with focus on two prominent geomorphic settings where spillover processes commonly occur: proglacial environments and extensional terrains like those of the southwestern United States.
The Underlying Tumor Genomics of Predominant Histologic Subtypes in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of the study is to genomically characterize the biology and related therapeutic opportunities of prognostically important predominant histologic subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Methods We identified 604 patients with stage I to III LUAD who underwent complete resection and targeted next-generation sequencing using the Memorial Sloan Kettering–Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets platform. Tumors were classified according to predominant histologic subtype and grouped by architectural grade (lepidic [LEP], acinar or papillary [ACI/PAP], and micropapillary or solid [MIP/SOL]). Associations among clinicopathologic factors, genomic features, mutational signatures, and recurrence were evaluated within subtypes and, when appropriate, quantified using competing-risks regression, with adjustment for pathologic stage and extent of resection. Results MIP/SOL tumors had higher tumor mutational burden (p Conclusions These results provide the first in-depth assessment of tumor genomic profiling of predominant LUAD histologic subtypes, their associations with recurrence, and their correlation with targetable driver alterations in patients with surgically resected LUAD.
Advantages of mixed-age free play in elementary school: perceptions of students, teachers, and parents

Mixed-age groups have been shown to be effective in classroom settings, but only a handful of studies have explored mixed-age grouping in play. This research is a case study of one New York public ...
An Approach for Detecting Student Perceptions of the Programming Experience from Interaction Log Data

Student perceptions of programming can impact their experiences in introductory computer science (CS) courses. For example, some students negatively assess their own ability in response to moments that are natural parts of expert practice, such as using online resources or getting syntax errors. Systems that automatically detect these moments from interaction log data could help us study these moments and intervene when the occur. However, while researchers have analyzed programming log data, few systems detect pre-defined moments, particularly those based on student perceptions. We contribute a new approach and system for detecting programming moments that students perceive as important from interaction log data. We conducted retrospective interviews with 41 CS students in which they identified moments that can prompt negative self-assessments. Then we created a qualitative codebook of the behavioral patterns indicative of each moment, and used this knowledge to build an expert system. We evaluated our system with log data collected from an additional 33 CS students. Our results are promising, with F1 scores ranging from 66% to 98%. We believe that this approach can be applied in many domains to understand and detect student perceptions of learning experiences.
Reducing the Communication Cost of Federated Learning through Multistage Optimization.

A central question in federated learning (FL) is how to design optimization algorithms that minimize the communication cost of training a model over heterogeneous data distributed across many clients. A popular technique for reducing communication is the use of local steps, where clients take multiple optimization steps over local data before communicating with the server (e.g., FedAvg, SCAFFOLD). This contrasts with centralized methods, where clients take one optimization step per communication round (e.g., Minibatch SGD). A recent lower bound on the communication complexity of first-order methods shows that centralized methods are optimal over highly-heterogeneous data, whereas local methods are optimal over purely homogeneous data [Woodworth et al., 2020]. For intermediate heterogeneity levels, no algorithm is known to match the lower bound. In this paper, we propose a multistage optimization scheme that nearly matches the lower bound across all heterogeneity levels. The idea is to first run a local method up to a heterogeneity-induced error floor; next, we switch to a centralized method for the remaining steps. Our analysis may help explain empirically-successful stepsize decay methods in FL [Charles et al., 2020; Reddi et al., 2020]. We demonstrate the scheme's practical utility in image classification tasks.
Assessment of a porous viscoelastic model for wave attenuation in ice-covered seas

Chen et al. (Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 78, pp. 88-105, 2019) recently proposed a two-dimensional continuum model for linear gravity waves propagating in ice-covered seas. It is based on a two-layer formulation where the ice cover is viewed as a porous viscoelastic medium. In the present paper, extensive tests against both laboratory experiments and field observations are performed to assess this model's ability at describing wave attenuation in various types of sea ice. The theoretical predictions are fitted to data on attenuation rate via error minimization and numerical solution of the corresponding dispersion relation. Detailed comparison with other existing viscoelastic theories is also presented. Estimates for effective rheological parameters such as shear modulus and kinematic viscosity are obtained from the fits and are found to vary significantly among the models. For this poroelastic system, the range of estimated values turns out to be relatively narrow in orders of magnitude over all the cases considered. Against field measurements from the Arctic Ocean, this model is able to reasonably reproduce the roll-over of attenuation rate as a function of frequency. Given the rather large number of physical parameters in such a formulation, a sensitivity analysis is also conducted to gauge the relevance of a representative set of them to the attenuation process.
Treated Water Storage for Design Capacity Reduction

Treated water storage can be used to attenuate peak day consumption rates in order that the design capacity of a water supply system, exclusive of the distribution system, can be reduced while providing equivalent service. A procedure is described for selecting the combination of storage and water supply system. There appears to be a potential reduction in the total project cost even with the added costs for storage. The analysis of the example system showed that reductions do occur in the transmission line diameter with the addition of treated water storage, but not in every case. Furthermore, a reduction in the transmission line diameter is not accompanied by a large cost reduction because of other costs such as power increase.
Case Study of Classroom Practice: A Quiet Form of Research

This paper documents the use of ethnographic research methods as a heuristic for inquiry and teaching. More specifically, it focuses on reflection as situated at the heart of teacher-research, including research conducted by prospective English language arts teachers. In a retrospective analysis of her student's case studies in literacy at an urban site, a teacher researcher explores whether and how her students come to "know their knowledge." She explores students' construction of knowledge and theories of practice, how these develop over time and what impact they may have on teaching and learning. These constructions inform not only her students' practice but also her own. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol5/iss3/5 Case Study of Classroom Practice: A "Quiet Form of
Elevated Methylation Status in Old Rat Skeletal Muscle Supports Gene Expression Disparities in Response to Injury

Prior research in our lab has established an in vivo rodent dynamometer model to explore the effects of skeletal muscle injury following stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs). Previously, we have ...
Laboratory Maintenance of Streptomyces argillaceus and Streptomyces griseus

This unit describes general protocols for the laboratory maintenance of Streptomyces argillaceus and griseus, including growth on solid and liquid media, as well as specific considerations for the type of medium to be used with these species. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 19:10E.2.1-10E.2.4. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: Streptomyces; storage; media
Arcology: The City in the Image of Man

This edition contains all the text and illustrations found in the giant "Arcology, " photographically reduced somewhat to allow a lower price and enhanced handleability."In the three-dimensional city, man defines a human ecology. In it he is a country dweller and metropolitan man in one. By it the inner and the outer are at 'skin' distance. He has made the city in his own image. Arcology: the city in the image of man."--Paolo Soleri
The Palestinian Poverty Problem in the Era of Globalization

At the end of 2001, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict was again vexing not only the Israelis and Palestinians but also the international community. The new intifada (uprising) that began in September 2000 has produced widespread violence between Palestinians and Israelis, including Palestinian attacks on Israeli civilian populations and incursions of Israeli military forces into Palestinian controlled areas on the West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestinian Territories). The long, historical struggle between the Jews and Palestinians that began after the famous Balfour Declaration, in 1917, had entered one of its most violent and precarious stages. One of the most serious consequences of the violence stemming from the new intifada has been a dramatic increase in poverty within the Palestinian Territories. Fears about the implications of this increase in Palestinian poverty for the Israeli-Palestinian relationship echo similar concerns about Palestinian poverty and the need for economic development in the Palestinian Territories made during the Oslo peace process. A tenet of the Oslo peace process was that peace would not be sustainable between Israel and the Palestinians unless the Palestinians
The Densest Packing of 19 Congruent Circles in a Circle

Dense packings of n congruent circles in a circle were given by Kravitz in 1967 for n = 2,..., 16. In 1969 Pirl found the optimal packings for n ≤ 10, he also conjectured the dense configurations for 11 ≤ n ≤ 19. In 1994, Melissen provided a proof for n = 11. In this paper we exhibit the densest packing of 19 congruent circles in a circle with the help of a technique developed by Bateman and Erdos.
Disparities in antidepressant treatment in Medicaid elderly diagnosed with depression.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there were racial or ethnic disparities in the use of antidepressants in low-income elderly patients insured by Medicaid. DESIGN: Examination of 1998 Medicaid claims data. SETTING: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicaid claims data for five U.S. states. PARTICIPANTS: All Medicaid recipients aged 65 to 84 with a diagnosis of depression. MEASUREMENTS: Treatment versus no treatment; in those treated, treatment with drugs was classified as old- or new-generation antidepressants. RESULTS: In 1998, 7,339 unique individuals aged 65 to 84 had at least one outpatient encounter with depression as the primary diagnosis. Nearly one in four (24.2%) received no antidepressant drug therapy, and 22% received neither psychotherapy nor an antidepressant. African-American individuals were substantially more likely to be untreated (37.1%) than Hispanic (23.6%), white (22.4%), or Asian (13.8%) individuals. In logistic regression models adjusting for sex, state, long-term care status, and age group, African Americans with a primary diagnosis of depression were almost twice as likely as whites not to receive an antidepressant within the study period (odds ratio51.91, 95% confidence interval51.62–2.24). Patients in long-term care facilities and those aged 65 to 74 were less likely to receive treatment. CONCLUSION: Substantial numbers of elderly Medicaid enrollees with a primary diagnosis of depression did not receive antidepressants or behavioral therapy. This gap in care disproportionately affected African-American patients.
Correlation of quality of life with clinical symptoms and signs at the time of glaucoma diagnosis.

Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between clinical measures of visual function and patient-reported measures of symptoms and health status in a large cohort of glaucoma patients at the time of diagnosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The 607 patients in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) received standardized examinations of visual acuity and visual field at enrollment. In addition, they completed a health-related quality-of-life instrument, which included the Visual Activities Questionnaire (VAQ), Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), a symptom and a comorbidity chart, a question about their degree of worry about becoming blind, and many other items. RESULTS: The SIP total and dimension scores correlated only weakly, and not significantly, with visual acuity and visual field measures. The VAQ total and subscale scores, particularly the peripheral vision subscale, correlated weakly and significantly with visual acuity and visual field scores, especially those from the better eye. Worry about blindness and symptoms attributed to glaucoma correlated weakly but significantly to visual field scores from the worse eye. Attempts to improve correlations by scoring the visual fields differently, including only paracentral and pericentral test locations in the scores, and simulating binocular visual field scores were largely unsuccessful. CONCLUSIONS: At diagnosis, most patients were relatively free of glaucoma-induced impairments, so clinical measures were poor predictors of a patient's perception of health-related quality of life. The vision-specific VAQ and glaucoma-related symptom score correlated better than the generic SIP with clinical measures at the time of enrollment into CIGTS.
A phase I trial and viral clearance study of reovirus (Reolysin) in children with relapsed or refractory extra‐cranial solid tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Phase I Consortium report

Purpose Reovirus is a naturally occurring human virus that is cytopathic to malignant cells possessing an activated Ras signaling pathway. We conducted a phase I trial of Reolysin, a manufactured, proprietary isolate of purified reovirus, in children with relapsed/refractory extracranial solid tumors to define the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), toxicities and pharmacokinetic properties when administered as a single agent or in combination with cyclophosphamide.
Asynchronous Gossip-Based Random Projection Algorithms Over Networks

We consider a distributed constrained convex optimization problem over a multi-agent (no central coordinator) network. We propose a completely decentralized and asynchronous gossip-based random projection (GRP) algorithm that solves the distributed problem using only local communications and computations. We analyze the convergence properties of the algorithm for a diminishing and a constant stepsize which are uncoordinated among agents. For a diminishing stepsize, we prove that the iterates of all agents converge to the same optimal point with probability 1. For a constant stepsize, we establish an error bound on the expected distance from the iterates of the algorithm to the optimal point. We also provide simulation results on a distributed robust model predictive control problem.
Quantitation of atherosclerosis in murine models: correlation between lesions in the aortic origin and in the entire aorta, and differences in the extent of lesions between sexes in LDL receptor-deficient and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

Murine strains susceptible to atherosclerosis provide valuable models to study factors involved in atherogenesis. In some murine models, limited hypercholesterolemia can be achieved and lesions develop primarily in the aortic origin, in the vicinity of the aortic valve. In other models such as LDL receptor-deficient and apoE-deficient mice, diet-induced or spontaneous hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis are much greater. To determine whether lesion formation in the aortic origin, where particular pathogenic conditions may exist, correlates with lesion formation throughout the entire aorta, we measured the extent of atherosclerosis in both areas in 8 apoE- and 11 LDL receptor-deficient mice fed cholesterol-rich diets for 3-6 months, as well as in 9 C57BL/6 mice fed an atherogenic diet for a year, using two different morphometric methods. Both apoE-deficient and LDL receptor-deficient mice developed extensive lesions throughout the aorta, and in these models a significant correlation was observed between the extent of lesions in the entire aorta (measured as percent of surface area) and that at the aortic origin (measured as averaged lesion area per cross-section) (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the plasma cholesterol levels achieved in C57BL/6 mice were much lower, and atherosclerotic lesions were found almost exclusively in the aortic origin. These results demonstrate that in murine models developing extensive aortic lesions, both morphometric methods provide valid and complementary information on the degree and distribution of atherosclerosis, and suggest that under severe atherogenic conditions lesion formation throughout the aorta is determined by the same pathological factors, in each model. Comparison of the extent of atherosclerosis in the entire aorta between genders also showed that male LDL receptor-deficient mice had significantly more lesions than females (29.2 vs. 14.8%, P < 0.005, n = 16). A similar trend was also seen in apoE-deficient mice.
Incidence of Histologic Types of Cancer of the Small Intestine

Data from nine population-based cancer registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 1973 through 1982 were analyzed to determine the demographic correlates of the incidence of the four major histologic types of cancer of the small intestine: carcinomas, malignant carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, and sarcomas. These tumors were uncommon: The average annual incidence per million persons was 3.9, 2.9, 1.6, and 1.2, respectively. The age-specific incidence rate for each type was quite low through middle age, after which it rose sharply. Males experienced higher rates than females for each of the four histologic types. Blacks were at a 40-70% greater risk than whites for the occurrence of carcinomas and carcinoid tumors but at a 50% lower risk for lymphomas. The reported incidence of malignant carcinoid tumors increased during the decade under study, the rate at the end of the interval being 50% greater than that at the beginning. The extent to which this increase represents improved detection of these tumors or a change in the criteria separating malignant from benign tumors could not be evaluated. There was no change in the incidence of carcinomas, lymphomas, or sarcomas of the small intestine. The four histologic types varied considerably with regard to their proportional distribution among the subsites of the small intestine. Carcinoid tumors, lymphomas, and sarcomas rarely occurred in the duodenum, whereas nearly half of the carcinomas were found there. Eighty-seven percent of the carcinoid tumors and 60% of the lymphomas occurred in the ileum. Clues to the etiologies of tumors of the small intestine are sparse. The incidence data presented here suggest that at least some of the etiologies will differ among the histologic types.