cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A25: Genetic Variants in 15q25.1 and age onset of Pancreatic Cancer

Background: Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the chromosome 15q25.1 region and an increased lung cancer risk through smoking behavior mediated by nicotine dependence susceptibility. Cigarette smoking is also a major risk factor for development of pancreatic cancer and has been reported to be associated with early onset of this disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that variation in this region may influence the age onset of the pancreatic cancer through smoking behavior. Methods: In this preliminary study, 3 tagging SNPs in 15q25.1 region were genotyped in 427 newly-diagnosed, non-Hispanic White patients with pancreatic cancer. Two of the SNPs, rs7164594 and rs3841324, are in the CHRNA5 gene and the third SNP rs684513 is in PSMA4 gene, respectively. Results: Our results showed that the two tagging SNPs rs7164594 and rs3841324 in CHRNA5 were not associated with age-associated risk of pancreatic cancer. However, for the tagging SNP rs684513, the variant homozygotes (CC) had a protective effect on age of onset [adjusted HR=0.69 (0.46-1.03), p=0.070], compared with the wild type and heterozygotes (GG+CG), with a 4-years difference in at age of onset [64.81 ± 2.10 vs. 60.60 ± 0.53; log-rank p= 0.042]. Further stratification analysis showed that a reduced risk associated with the variant homozygous (CC) was more pronounced in the subgroup of non-smokers and former smokers [adjusted HR=0.48 (0.26-0.91), p=0.023]. Conclusion and impact: This observation provided preliminary evidence for the association between genetic variant in the chromosomal region 15q25.1 and the age of onset of pancreatic cancer. However, a comprehensive study of all other tagging SNPs covering 15q25.1 region will be worthwhile to conduct. Citation Format: Chongjuan Wei, Yu-jing Huang, Jane Chen, Mala Pande, Chris Amos, Marsha Frazier. Genetic variants in 15q25.1 and age onset of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A25.
Scheduling with Uncertain Resources: Representation and Utility Function

We describe the representation of uncertain knowledge in a conference-scheduling system, which may include incomplete information about available resources, conference events, and scheduling constraints. We then explain the use of this incomplete knowledge in the evaluation of schedule quality.
Congenital abnormalities in methylmercury poisoning

Abstract This study was undertaken to determine the teratogenic potential of methylmercury on chick embryogenesis. Methylmercuric chloride was dissolved in sodium bicarbonate (.2%) and administered to the chick embryos at doses ranging from .0009 to .010 mg per egg. The injections were made at days 2 and 3 of incubation (Groups A and B). All the embryos including controls were examined on the 7th day of incubation. Methylmercury poisoning was observed to be both embryolethal and teratogenic. Within the two groups, embryolethality was higher in Group A. The following congenital abnormalities were observed: exencephaly, shortened and twisted limbs, microphthalmia, shortened and twisted neck, beak abnormalities, everted viscera, reduced body size and hemorrhage all over the body. Exencephaly and limb abnormalities were very common. No differences in the incidence and types of gross abnormalities within both the groups (A and B) were noted. The incidence of malformations among the controls was low. The results of present investigation show that methylmercury poisoning is both embryolethal and teratogenic to early chick embryogenesis.
Agouti Alleles Alter Cysteine and Glutathione Concentrations in Hair Follicles and Serum of Mice (Ay/a, AwJ/AwJ, and a/a)

Ectopic overexpression of the agouti protein in the lethal yellow (A y /a) mouse causes a yellow coat as well as the lethal yellow syndrome. Presence of thiols like glutathione (GSH) or cysteine (Cys) may regulate the conversion of dopaquinone to phacomelanin in hair follicle melanocytes. GSH also plays important roles in cellular health and maintenance. Cys and GSH were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography in hair follicles and serum of A wJ /A wJ (agouti), A y /a (yellow), and a/a (black) mice over a 20-d hair growth regeneration period. Agouti alleles modulate thiol concentrations. A y /a hair follicles exhibited higher total thiol levels and an increased ratio of Cys to GSH. A wJ /A wJ mice showed intermediate levels, while a/a mice had lowest total thiol concentrations and a decreased ratio of Cys to GSH. Hair follicle cysteine concentrations showed yellow > agouti > black (p y /a mouse had the most dramatic follicular thiol changes as well as a depression in serum thiols. An altered thiol metabolism in these and other A y /a tissues might impair normal cell functioning to contribute to the lethal yellow syndrome.
Knowledge and attitudes toward breast-feeding: Differences among dietitians, nurses, and physicians working with WIC clients

Abstract We assessed the knowledge of and attitude toward breast-feeding of dietitians, nurses, and physicians who work with individuals in the Alabama Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children. On a scale of 0 to 100, dietitians expressed stronger interest in lactation (78.6) and exhibited greater knowledge (79.6) of the questions asked than nurses (74.5 and 73.0, respectively). Attitude and knowledge scores of physicians (70.2 and 75.5, respectively) were not statistically different from those of dietitians or nurses. Respondents disagreed greatly about the relationship of breast-feeding to weight loss and the appropriateness of oral contraceptive during breast-feeding 6 weeks postpartum. Professionals were more knowledgeable about benefits to infants than about maternal concerns. Results of this study suggest that professional breast-feeding education programs should address maternal concerns such as weight loss, contraception, and mastitis as well as benefits to the infant.
Cellular electrophysiologic effects of vertebrate digitalis-like substances☆

Substances structurally and functionally similar to digitalis glycosides are produced by several vertebrate species. There also is evidence for a digitalis-like substance of human origin. Standard microelectrode techniques were used to study the direct effects on the cellular electrophysiology of canine Purkinje fibers of 1) bufalin, an unconjugated cardiotonic steroid molecule that is produced by the toad Bufo marinus, and 2) an extract of human bite that showed digitalis-like immunoreactivity on radioimmunoassay. The goal of this study was to determine whether these substances have arrhythmogenic effects comparable with those seen with toxic doses of digitalis glycosides. Bufalin, 2 × 10−8M, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced maximal diastolic potential, action potential amplitude and duration and maximal rate of rise of phase 0 (Vmax) within 40 min of onset of exposure. All six fibers developed delayed afterdepolarizations and two developed triggered rhythms. Ouabain was less potent, in that a 2 × 10−7Mconcentration was required to comparably reduce maximal diasolic potential, action potential amplitude and duration and Vmaxwithin 30 min. These Purkinje fibers also developed delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered rhythms. A sample of an extract of human bile that showed digitalislike immunoreactivity with an antibufalin serum also reduced maximal diastolie potential, action potential amplitude and duration and Vmax, and produced delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. In contrast, immunologically unreactive bile extracts had no appreciable effect on the action potential. In summary, the cardiac toxicity of digitalis substances produced by lower vertebrates is comparable with that induced by the glycosides. Moreover, it appears that humans may produce digitalis-like substances that may be cardiotoxic.
X-ray diffraction radial distribution function studies on bone mineral and synthetic calcium phosphates

An investigation of the molecular structure of bone mineral and synthetic calcium phosphates was carried out using radial distribution function (RDF) techniques. The X-ray data were collected using CuKα and MoKα radiation to insure the validity of the RDFs. Synthetic preparations of hydroxyapatite (HA) varying in their crystal size and crystallinity, and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), were studied, as well as bone samples from a 1-year-old chicken and 16-day embryonic chicks. Mixtures of embryonic bone and synthetic ACP were also investigated. The RDFs of bone and crystalline HA samples are similar in peak position, and show evidence of an atomic order extending to 2.5 nm and beyond. The RDF of ACP differs from that of HA, showing only short range order up to 0.9 nm, as well as small differences in peak shape. The decrease in intensity of the RDF function with increasing distance (r), observed with both HA and bone samples can be related to a decrease in crystallinity and crystal size. The RDF data indicate there is no significant amount of ACP in either very young or mature bone. The RDFs of the embryonic bone + synthetic ACP mixtures showed that a small amount of ACP can be readily detected in a sample of bone with a poorly crystalline mineral phase; from this we estimate the threshold for detection of ACP in bone to be 12% or less.
Ranges of Motion in the Human Wrist

Measurements of wrist ranges of motion were made for 40 males and 83 females; only 1 subject worked in a factory. Age ranged from 16 to 88. Flexion was 57° for females and 56° for males; extension was 53° for females and 50° for males. Adduction was 24° for both females and males; abduction was 55° for females and 57° for males. Pronation was 139° for females and 130° for males; supination was 89° for females and 78° for males. Pronation increased significantly with age (r2 = 21%).
Coherent optical communication with injection-locked high-power semiconductor laser array

Heterodyne FSK communication at 110Mbit/s is demonstrated with an injection-locked high-power 20-stripe semiconductor laser array. We show that a high-power (>300mW) coherent optical transmitter can be constructed without penalty in bit error rate performance.
Progress with CVD Diamond Detectors for ICF Neutron Time-of-Flight Applications

Summary form only given. Synthetic polycrystalline diamonds produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are the leading candidates for neutron time-of-flight detectors at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The detectors based on CVD diamonds are fast and radiation hard. In the last year, significant progress was made on the 60-beam OMEGA laser system in the development of CVD diamond detectors for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) applications. Sensitivity and time response were measured on DT and DD implosions for CVD diamonds of different sizes and at different bias voltages. Characteristics of a CVD diamond detector hardened with a fluence of 1016 neutrons/cm2 were also measured. Several different housings for the CVD diamonds were developed. The sensitivity of the CVD diamond detectors to hard X-rays, gamma rays and EMP noise was studied. Two CVD diamond detectors are now permanently installed on OMEGA and are used as neutron time-of-flight detectors for yield and ion temperature measurements in high-yield implosions. The implementation of the CVD diamond detectors on the NIF will be discussed.
Estimation of internal quantities of a BWR core using information on the exit void fraction

Abstract A method is developed for using information on quantities internal to a BWR core, specifically the exit void fraction, to improve estimates of additional internal quantities using a thermal/ hydraulic model and estimation theory. The method is applied to an example using simple geometry but realistic data.
Understanding lidar returns from complex dust mixtures

Lidar is a powerful tool for measuring the vertical profiles of aerosols. Dusts are irregularly-shaped particles with varied composition and strong index of refraction variations in the LWIR. We measure dust indices using ellipsometry and transmission through KBr pellets. Milling makes the ellipsometry data less dependent on incidence angle, and the results of measurements on milled materials agree with those from transmission measurements. Measurements show that the spectrum of a milled Arizona Road Dust (ARD) approaches that of pure quartz, indicating a decrease of absorption efficiency for particles larger than the absorption length. These indices of refraction will be used in the future to simulate extinction for the beam of a LWIR lidar.
Biosynthesis of linoleic acid in insects

Abstract The de novo biosynthesis of linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid), generally considered an essential dietary nutrient for animals, has been demonstrated in 15 insect species representing four orders. Two of these species were also shown to further elongate and desaturate linoleic acid to form arachidonic acid, implying the ability to insert double bonds on both sides of the Δ position of oleic acid (9-octadecenoic acid).
Using a Smart Grid to evolve a reliable power system

The Nation's Power Delivery Infrastructure is under stress, aging and barely able to meet society's needs. Despite having spawned the digital age - the electric infrastructure is still an analog system. In fact, the electric power industry is the only industry in the western world that has not modernized itself through the use of sensors, communications and computational ability. In particular, today's power system is incapable of efficiently meeting our needs for highly reliable, digital - grade power supplied from low carbon emitting generating sources. However, a number of efforts are now underway to evolve a “Smart Grid”. The Smart Grid will require extensive use of digital devices in power generation, power delivery and in our homes and offices and in the appliances and devices that use electricity.
On solvable groups and Cayley graphs

Let @f be Euler's phi function. Let n be a square-free positive integer such that gcd(n,@f(n))=q, q a prime, and if p|n is prime, then q^2@?(p-1). We prove that a vertex-transitive graph @C of order n is isomorphic to a Cayley graph of order n if and only if Aut(@C) contains a transitive solvable subgroup.
Two-way and monolingual English immersion in preschool education: An experimental comparison

Abstract An experimental study was conducted comparing the effects of dual language, or two-way immersion (TWI) and monolingual English immersion (EI) preschool education programs on children's learning. Three-and four-year old children were randomly assigned by lottery to either a newly established TWI Spanish/English program or a monolingual English program in the same district. Children in the study were from both Spanish and English home language backgrounds. All classrooms in the study used the High/Scope curriculum, and all met high standards for teacher qualifications, ratio, and class size. The TWI program alternated between English and Spanish weekly by rotating children between two classrooms (and teachers) each week. Programs were compared on measures of children's growth in language, emergent literacy, and mathematics. Children in both types of classrooms experienced substantial gains in language, literacy, and mathematics. No significant differences between treatment groups were found on English language measures. Among the native Spanish speakers, the TWI program produced large gains in Spanish vocabulary compared to the EI program. Both TWI and EI approaches boosted the learning and development of children including ELL students, as judged by standard score gains. TWI also improved the Spanish language development of English language learners (ELL) and native English speaking children without losses in English language learning.
Energy Deposition and Electromagnetic Compatibility Assessment of Electroexplosive Devices

This paper assesses the critical activation energy required to set off electroexplosive devices (EED) at constant joule heating and rates of joule heating. Safe operation and use of these devices are of great concern in and around pulsed electromagnetic interference. Sensitivity characterization of EEDs include firing sensitivity plots, thermodynamic modeling and electromagnetic interference. Activation energy evaluation of single and periodic rectangular pulses are included to represent adiabatic and non-adiabatic bridge wire heating of the EED. The scope of this paper is to provide a short overview of sensitivity, thermodynamic, and electromagnetic compatibility of EEDs. The results provide crucial information in evaluating energy induced by pulsed electromagnetic fields of compact pulse generators.
A COMPARISON OF IN-VEHICLE AND OUT-OF-VEHICLE FREIGHT CONSOLIDATION STRATEGIES

Abstract This paper addresses physical distribution problems, in which items have to be distributed from an origin to many destinations, and it examines ways to reduce inventories. Under certain conditions, a peddling strategy with no transshipments is shown to be superior to any strategy with transshipments. Although the conditions leading to this result are not always met, the results suggest that transshipments are undersirable for freight distribution, unless of course they serve a purpose unrelated to inventory. This is contrast with many-to-many shipping operations which, under the same conditions, can benefit greatly from transshipments.
Analog simulation of flux reversal in thin magnetic films by uniform rotation

The results of an analog computer study of flux reversal in thin magnetic films are presented. The computer diagram is given for the simulation of the Landau-Lifshitz equation of motion of the magnetization vector. Solutions of these equations were obtained for pulse fields applied parallel and perpendicular to the easy axis of a film with uniaxial anisotropy. Switching curves are given which show the effect of varying the relaxation frequency λ. The switching time varies by a factor of 3 as λ is varied from 108to 5 × 108Hz. The various definitions of switching time which have been reported in the literature are also compared. Nonlinear resonance curves are presented for λ, values of 108and 1.5 × 108Hz. The curves represent solutions for the angular velocity of the magnetization when a sinusoidal field is applied perpendicular to the easy axis. For applied fields as large as half the anisotropy field the resonant frequency and linewidths are significantly different (20 percent or more) from the small signal values which are useful for determining the anisotropy field H K and the relaxation frequency λ. It is concluded that the analog technique is convenient for studying magnetic switching problems when the problems can be formulated in terms of ordinary differential equations. Other problems suitable for this approach are studies of flux reversal with various waveforms for the excitation field and of the interaction between coupled films or particles.
The geopotential to (14, 14) from a combination of satellite and gravimetric data

A set of2261 5°×5° mean anomalies were used alone and with satellite determined harmonic coefficients of the Smithsonian' Institution to determine the geopotential expansion to various degrees. The basic adjustment was carried out by comparing a terrestrial anomaly to an anomaly determined from an assumed set of coefficients. The (14, 14) solution was found to agree within ±3 m of a detailed geoid in the United States computed using1°×1° anomalies for an inner area and satellite determined anomalies in an outer area. Additional comparisons were made to the input anomaly field to consider the accuracy of various harmonic coefficient solutions.
A SIMPLE METHOD OF CALCULATING THE COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION

Where two sets of measurements can each be grouped into below average, average and above average classifications with an equal number assigned to each of the below average and above average classifications, a 3 by 3 table can then be tabulated with frequency counts. The exact value of the product moment coefficient of correlation can then be calculated very simply by means of the formula, r= (DIFF)/2m, where DIFF is the difference between the sum of the corner numbers on the positive diagonal and the sum of the corner numbers on the negative diagonal, and m equals the number in each of the below average and above average classifications for each variable. The formula for r is applicable to negative as well as positive correlation.
Scorpion: explaining away outliers in aggregate queries

Database users commonly explore large data sets by running aggregate queries that project the data down to a smaller number of points and dimensions, and visualizing the results. Often, such visualizations will reveal outliers that correspond to errors or surprising features of the input data set. Unfortunately, databases and visualization systems do not provide a way to work backwards from an outlier point to the common properties of the (possibly many) unaggregated input tuples that correspond to that outlier. We propose Scorpion, a system that takes a set of user-specified outlier points in an aggregate query result as input and finds predicates that explain the outliers in terms of properties of the input tuples that are used to compute the selected outlier results. Specifically, this explanation identifies predicates that, when applied to the input data, cause the outliers to disappear from the output. To find such predicates, we develop a notion of influence of a predicate on a given output, and design several algorithms that efficiently search for maximum influence predicates over the input data. We show that these algorithms can quickly find outliers in two real data sets (from a sensor deployment and a campaign finance data set), and run orders of magnitude faster than a naive search algorithm while providing comparable quality on a synthetic data set.
Gluon fragmentation to 1 D 2 quarkonia

Gluon fragmentation to heavy ${\mathit{J}}^{\mathit{P}\mathit{C}}$=${2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}+}$ quarkonia is studied herein. We compute these D-wave states' polarized fragmentation functions and find that they are enhanced by large numerical prefactors. The prospects for detecting the lowest-lying $^{1}$${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ charmonium state at the Fermilab Tevatron are discussed.
Development and Localization of the Thymidine Phosphorylating Systems in Brain

The development of the thymidine phosphorylating systems was studied in various regions of brain. Brain slices from cerebellum, brain stem, and forebrain of rabbits 2, 7, 14, 30, 90, 500, and 2500 days of age were incubated for various times in artificial CSF containing 3 nM-[3H]thymidine at 37 degrees C under 95% O2-5% CO2. When slices from all brain regions of 2-day-old rabbits were incubated in [3H]thymidine for 30 min, tissue-to-medium ratios of 3H were between 2 and 4 and declined with age, and the percentages of the total 3H in perchloric acid homogenates of brain slices as [3H]DNA were 26-29%, declining to low levels with age. However, at all ages and in all regions studied, 41--88% of the 3H within the slices was phosphorylated. After homogenization and subcellular fractionation of the brain slices incubated in [3H]thymidine for 30 min, the highest percentage of [3H]thymidine phosphates plus [3H]DNA was present in the nuclear (crude and purified) and mitochondrial fractions of all brain regions. The [3H]DNA content in the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions declined with age, but the percentage of [3H]thymidine phosphates did not. Thymidine phosphates were synthesized from thymidine in all brain regions tested throughout the entire life span.
On Style and Other Unremarkable Things.

This article examines the dialectical nature of Mikhail Bakhtin’s developmental understanding of language learning. In particular, the author discusses the pedagogically illuminating relationship between literary style and everyday style, especially as the latter emerges from and returns to lived life. Drawing parallels with other related oppositions, such as Vygotsky’s spontaneous and scientific concepts, as well as Bakhtin’s early antithesis of life and art, the author emphasizes Bakhtin’s interest in relational (dialogical) rather than formal understandings of grammar, style, and literature. The author concludes with three possible implications of Bakhtin’s pedagogical essay for writing teachers: (a) that we acknowledge the creative expression already present in the everyday speech of our students, (b) that we reconsider the specifically dialogical use of linguistic and literary models, and (c) that we attend to the performative aspect of style and the teaching of style.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the penton base genes of type II avian adenoviruses.

Abstract We describe here the identification of the penton base gene of hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), a type II avian adenovirus, in a 2477-base pair (bp)- Eco RI fragment of the viral DNA by sequence analysis. Identification is based on an extensive amino acid homology between in HEV-open reading frame and the penton base of a fowl adenovirus (FAV-10) and various human adenoviruses. The 1344 bp-penton base gene of HEV encodes a 448-amino acid polypeptide of molecular weight of 50, 843 Da. The nucleotide sequences of penton base genes of HEV and marble spleen disease virus (MSDV) are identical. The HEV penton base lacks the RGD motif, present in most human adenoviruses (Ad2, Ad3, Ad4, and Ad12) suggesting that HEV may not use αv integrins to gain entry into host cells. Further sequence analysis revealed the presence of a Leu-Asp-Val (LDV) motif in the HEV penton base amino acid sequence similar to most of the human adenoviruses. LDV motif on the fibronectin has been shown to interact with the α4β1 integrins on cells, which includes lymphocytes and monocytes. The presence of LDV motif in the penton base of HEV implicates the involvement of α4β1 integrins in the viral internalization into host cells.
In and out of the postsynaptic region: signalling proteins on the move

Reversible translocation of signalling proteins to and from their sites of action has emerged as an important theme in signal transduction. The recent findings of the stimulus-induced translocation of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor to and from the postsynaptic region are model cases for understanding how the dynamic localization of signalling proteins is used to regulate signal transduction.
iPad mini-games connected to an educational social networking website

The goal of the project was to design an integrated system for the California Academy of Sciences that combined new technology (iPads in our case) with a social-networking based website to promote educational learning geared towards middle-school students. The experience begins when museum visitors create profiles on the California Academy of Sciences website. Initially they are able to personalize a limited number of characteristics of their avatars. Once they visit the museum, they play mini-games on iPad kiosks to accumulate points on their accounts. We developed five different educational mini-games, focusing on the areas of climate change, astronomy, evolution, and the food chain. The points gained on the iPad mini-games can then be redeemed at home by returning to the California Academy of Sciences website. Accessing the website from home allows the user to further personalize an avatar, learn more facts, and compare their scores on the mini-games and their avatar with those of their peers. Points can be redeemed to upgrade the avatar's available attributes and attires. By extending the museum experience to home and through increased level of social network interaction, learning is reinforced over a longer period of time. In a user testing session with 50 students of the target demographic age, 72% said they would be interested in redeeming their points online. They also had the opportunity to write a fact that they learned from the game. 67% of students that played the camouflage game (n=12) were able to state a fact that they learned from the game. Utilizing new technologies like the iPad is an opportunity to increase the number of initial users that create profiles on a new educational socialnetworking game website. Future research can focus on determining the extent of the educational effect of a system like this. For example, how might the experience of learning at the museum, enforcing that learning at home, and repeating through return visits to the website affect retention of facts?
Excess enthalpies and excess volumes for (ethane + propan-1-ol) at the temperatures (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K and at the pressures (5, 10, 12.5, and 15) MPa

Abstract Excess molar enthalpies H E m and excess molar volumes V E m have been determined for { x C 2 H 6 + (1 − x )CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 OH} at T = (298.15, 323.15, and 348.15) K and p = (5, 10, 12.5, and 15) MPa. The H E m s were measured with a high-temperature high-pressure flow calorimeter. The V E m s were measured simultaneously with a vibrating-tube densitometer inserted in the flow line of the calorimeter past the mixing chamber. (Vapor + liquid) equilibrium is present at p = 5 MPa and T = (323.15 K and 348.15 K). The value of the pressure coefficient (∂ H E m /∂ p ) T , which is large at all three temperatures, is calculated from V E m and (∂ V E m /∂ T ) p . The results are in good agreement with the values obtained directly from the change in H E m with pressure.
Minnesota Anglers' Fisheries-Related Value Orientations and Their Stewardship of Fish Resources

Research on natural resource–related values and value orientations has grown substantially over the past decade. However, existing studies have focused almost exclusively on value orientations related to wildlife and forests. This article reports data from two mail surveys of Minnesota anglers used to develop scales for measuring fisheries-related value orientations. We report results of regression analyses examining the relationship between anglers' value orientations and norms concerning fisheries stewardship and the use of technological aids to angling. Results indicate 10 items reliably measure three value orientations we termed utilitarianism, dominance, and protectionism. Regression analyses suggest anglers' stewardship norms are influenced by all three value orientation types, while support for the use of technological aids was related with protectionism and utilitarianism, but not dominance. Results suggest anglers' fisheries-related value orientations cannot be adequately captured using single do...
FREE ENERGY OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS.

Microscopic calculation of barrier free energy of Josephson junctions, discussing validity of tunneling Hamiltonian method
A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX SURGERY: NISSEN FUNDOPLICATION VS|[period]|ANGELCHIK PROSTHESIS

In order to compare the standard Nissen fundoplication with the more recent Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis, 20 pediatricsized, developmentally disabled patients were prospectively randomized to receive either of these gastroesophageal anti-reflux procedures. The two groups were comparable at the time of surgery with regard to age, weight, surface area, preceding weight gain, emesis, number of chest x-rays, medications, lower esophageal sphincter pressure and number and duration of reflux episodes during standard acid reflux testing. The Angelchik group required significantly less anesthesia time than the Nissen group, 111.7±19.7 min (mean±SD) vs. 163.8±24.8 min (p < .001). There was no difference in length of post-surgical hospital stay. Six months after surgery, both techniques were effective, and no differences were seen between the two groups in the following evaluations: mean subjective assessment scores; decreases in emesis, numbers of chest radiographs, hospital days or medications; increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure; or decreased numbers and duration of reflux episodes during acid reflux testing. The Nissen group gained significantly more weight during the 6 months after surgery, 9.8±4.6 lb (mean±SD) vs. 2.4±4.4 lb (p < .01). Further study of this recent surgical development is indicated.
Narcissistic characters with obsessive features: Diagnostic and treatment considerations

In sum, in this article a mixed personality disorder is described that combines narcissistic and obsessive-compulsive features. These features include extreme perfectionism, narcissistic cathexis of the intellect, and obsessive-compulsive defenses against underlying narcissistic issues. In therapy, narcissistic characters with obsessive features frequently struggle between a need for engagement with and fear of engulfment by the therapist. Thus, while they may appear extroverted, they often remain aloof, and while they have a strong need to be understood, they frequently reject the therapist’s empathic statements. Therapy of the narcissistic character with obsessive features consists of two stages. In the first phase of treatment, the therapist addresses the patient’s narcissistic issues and provides an appropriate selfobject relationship. In the second phase of treatment (after greater self-development is established), the therapist begins to address the obsessive-compulsive issues of affective expression and control by assuming a more engaged, initiating, and personal stance with the client.
Hot phonon effects on the ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited electrons in AlN

The effects of hot phonons on the ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited electrons in AlN has been investigated using ensemble Monte Carlo approach. The electrons are excited using infra-red laser pulses with different densities and energies. The build-up and decay of the hot phonon distribution at several phonon wavevectors is examined. The strong polar optical phonon scattering rates coupled with the short lifetimes of A(LO) leads to quick decay of the hot phonon distributions. Additionally, the rapid electron- electron scattering leads to fast thermalization of the carrier distributions.
A Revision of the genus Wislizenia (Capparidaceae) based on population studies

Morphological and cytological studies of mass collections from the southwestern United States and Baja California, and morphological studies on herbarium specimens from these areas and northern Mexico have been used to solve a taxonomic problem within the genusWislizenia. Canonical analysis of morphological data from mass collections separates three geographic groups from: California, Baja California, and states east of California. A similar analysis of herbarium specimens collected throughout the range ofWislizenia refracta confirms the reality of these groups, for which the status of subspecies is proposed: 1) subsp.californica from the California central valley, 2) subsp.palmeri from Baja California and the Sonoran coast, and 3 ) subsp.refracta from states east of California. This taxonomic treatment differs from any of the varied previous ones. Chromosome numbers for six of the mass collections were found to ben = 20, in agreement with other reports.
Freshwater inundation effects on emergent vegetation of a hypersaline salt marsh

The coastal marshlands of the Nueces estuary, Texas depend upon periodic freshwater inundation to support current community structure and promote further establishment and expansion of emergent halophytes. Decades of watershed modifications have dramatically decreased freshwater discharge into the upper estuary resulting in hypersaline and dry conditions. In an attempt to partially restore inflow, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation excavated two overflow channels re-connecting the Nueces River to the marshlands. Freshwater-mediated (precipitation and inflow) changes in tidal creek and porewater salinity and emergent marsh vegetation were examined over a 5-yr period at three stations in the upper Nueces Marsh with the aid of a Geographical Information System (GIS). Two stations were potentially subjected to freshwater inflow through the channels, while one station experienced only precipitation. Decreased tidal creek and porewater salinity were significantly correlated with increased freshwater at all stations (R2=0.37 to 0.56), although porewater salinities remained hypersaline. GIS analyses indicated the most considerable vegetation change following freshwater inundation was increased cover of the annual succulentSalicornia bigelovii. Fall inundation allowed seed germination and rapid expansion of this species into previously bare areas during the subsequent winter and following spring. The station affected by both inflow and precipitation exhibited greaterS. bigelovii cover than the station affected solely by precipitation in both spring 1999 (58. 7% compared to 27.9%) and 2000 (48.6% compared to 1.9%). Percent cover of the perennialBatis maritima temporarily increased after periods of consistent rainfall. The response was short term, and cover quickly returned to pre-inundation conditions within 3 mo. Prolonged inundation led to longterm (>2yr) decreases in percent cover ofB. maritima. Our results suggest that the timing and quantity of freshwater inundation strongly dictate halophyte response to precipitation and inflow. Brief periods of freshwater inundation that occur at specific times of year alleviate stress and promote seed germination and growth, but extended soil saturation can act as a disturbance that has a negative impact on species adapted to hypersaline conditions.
The Substance and Study of Borders in International Relations Research

While international borders are important in understanding the “shape” of the international system and are part of those structural characteristics which affect the interaction opportunities of nations, little attention has been paid to their conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement. This paper undertakes four tasks to help fill this gap. The first is to indicate the potentially theoretical role that borders may play in international relations, discussing the relationships between distance/contiguity and interaction opportunities. The second task entails the conceptualization and measurement of international borders. The third task involves using the data derived from this framework to describe the international system in terms of borders for the period 1946‐1965. The fourth task is to indicate the utility of a border data set by addressing questions which have been posed in the international relations literature. Research results are presented for several questions concerning the relationships between borders and war, borders and alliances, and the diffusion of war.
Chemical fractionations in meteorites—XI. C2 chondrites

Measurements of the compositions of 20 trace elements in the representative C2 chondrites Boriskino, Cold Bokkeveld, Erakot, Essebi, Haripura, Santa Cruz and Al Rais are reported. The contents of Ag, Au, Bi, Cd, Cs, Ge, In, Ir, Ni, Os, Pd, Rb, Re, Sb, Se, Sn, Te, Tl, U, and Zn were determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. The siderophile abundances of the C2 chondrites are found to be less uniform than those of other carbonaceous chondrites, while the C2R chondrite Al Rais is systematically lower in 12 volatiles than the C2M chondrites. Enrichment of Bi and Tl found in Erakot and Haripura indicate the possible presence of the late condensate mysterite. Volatile abundances are shown to agree with matrix contents for meteorites that have suffered little aqueous alteration, however to be 20-30% lower for the more altered meteorites. Finally, the decline of element abundance with volatility is shown to be consistent with the sigmoid curve explained by the two-component model.
Pulmonary input impedance in children with left-right shunt.

To determine whether pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (PVOD) is reflected by the pulmonary input impedance spectrum, pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and flow (Q) were recorded intraoperatively in 30 children. Mean PAP and Q, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), impedance spectra, characteristic impedance (Z0), and the frequency of the first modulus minimum (fm) were calculated. Patient groups were: normal PAP and PVR (Group I—25 patients), high PAP and PVR with no microscopic PVOD (Group II—2 patients), and patients with high PAP and PVR and Grade III PVOD (Group III—3 patients). Impedance spectra of the groups were strikingly different. Mean Group I values of Z0 and fm were 115 dyn-sec-cm−5 and 2.6 Hz, respectively. Z0 values were elevated for Group II (524 dyn-sec-cm−5) but high-normal for Group III (157 dyn-sec-cm−5);fm values were normal for Group II (3.5 Hz) but higher for Group III (6.9 Hz). Results indicate that the impedance spectrum may provide a prognostic tool for identifying patients in whom PVOD is irreversible.
Exploring the Role Performance of Corporate Ethics Officers

Organizations continue to show renewed focus on managing their ethics programs by developing organizational infrastructures to support their ethics implementation efforts. An important part of this process has been the creation of an ethics officer position. Whether individuals appointed to the position are successful in the role or not may depend on a number of factors. This study presents a suggested framework for their effectiveness. The framework includes a focus on personal, organizational and situational factors to predict performance in the role. The study examines the complex nature of the role. These include task complexity, low task visibility, role conflict, and role ambiguity. Personal, organizational and situational factors that can serve as buffers against the complexities associated with the role are presented. The study suggests that individuals with certain competencies and orientations may be better suitable for the ethics position, and firms need to consider key organizational and situational issues critical to the performance of an ethics officer. The research and practice implications of the study are given.
Strategies in the crystallization of glycoproteins and protein complexes

Abstract Modern biochemical and molecular biological techniques have provided new opportunities to investigate the structure of more complex biomolecules and have opened new paths for the crystallization of complexes. Desialation, deglycosylation and modification of glycoproteins are techniques being investigated as a means of making glycosylated more amenable for crystallization. A simple solubility screen based on a limited set of precipitants has been extensively used in the comparison of various protein preparations and in the crystallization of macromolecular complexes. Antibodies, or their Fabs or Fab' fragments, can also be utilized in the crystallization of glycoproteins or other proteins which have proved difficult to crystallize by themselves. Fab complexes can provide different surfaces for lattices to form and may increase the likelihood of crystallizing a given protein. This method can be extended by the addition of an epitope tag, such as a short peptide sequence, to a protein by genetic engineering methods. The same panel of anti-peptide antibodies can then be utilized in both the purification and crystallization of different expressed proteins, making this a potential general method for protein crystallization.
A longitudinal study of reaction time performance in long-evans rats

Abstract —This study was undertaken to examine individual differences in the progression of age-related decline on a measure of sensorimotor function. Twenty-one adult rats were trained on a simple reaction time (RT) task and assessed every 6 weeks from 14.5 to 25 months of age. An overall slowing of RT latencies associated with chronological age was observed. However, some rats maintained a stable performance with age while others slowed considerably. Another measure within the RT task, accuracy of performance, appeared to represent a stable individual characteristic that was insensitive to the effects of age. However, no measure of performance on the RT task at 14.5 months of age predicted later impairment in RT latency. At the completion of longitudinal testing, spatial learning in the Morris water maze was assessed in these aged rats along with a young comparison group. The aged rats were impaired relative to young controls in locating the escape platform. Measures of cognitive function and sensorimotor function within the spatial task were, however, unrelated to slowing of RT latency.
Effect of transection on the blood-spinal cord barrier of the cat after isolation from descending sources

The disruption of descending pathways and subsequent release of vasoactive neurotransmitters may contribute to the abnormal vascular permeability observed after spinal cord injury. Therefore, the relationship between disruption of long descending fiber tracts in the rat spinal cord and the development of blood-spinal cord barrier breakdown to the protein horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was evaluated. This was accomplished by first transecting the cord in order to deplete transmitter stores in the distal (caudal) segments. One month after this isolation procedure, a second transection was made several segments distal to the first transection. The axial distribution of barrier permeability to HRP was evaluated at both the light and electron microscopic levels in this 'isolated cord' preparation. Camera lucida drawings, delineating the distribution of tracer leakage in the spinal cord, were used to quantify the extent of protein extravasation. Vascular leakage of the tracer was identified as early as 1 h postinjury but was restricted to segments adjacent to the second transection. By 1 day after injury, protein extravasation was more marked, as compared to the earlier time points, and axial spread of barrier breakdown occurred along more distal vascular sites. Abnormal permeability to HRP was confirmed at the ultrastructural level where the protein was present within vesicles in the endothelium and the surrounding smooth muscle layer and basal lamina. The tracer was also identified in the cytoplasmic compartment of neurons and glia and within the adjacent extracellular space.
Quality-Directed Activities and Barriers to Quality in Social Service Organizations

Abstract This study presents the development of an instrument to measure activities social service agencies conduct to insure quality service delivery and the barriers to quality that these organizations face. Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were completed by 277 Masters-level social service professionals. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution for an 18-item measure of quality-directed activities and a two-factor solution for a seven-item measure of agency barriers. Results of a multivariate regression model indicated that respondent's role, agency's sector of care, strength of perceived public reputation, and accreditation status were associated with overall endorsement of quality-directed activities. Recommendations for further instrument refinement are included.
SpeedGrade: an RTL path delay fault simulator

In the past, research on delay fault testing has been focused on test generation using various delay fault models on full scan gate level netlists. These tests are not very suitable for speed-binning since the confidence that the slowest paths have been covered is low. We have developed a novel methodology with an accompanying tool flow called SpeedGrade that performs path delay fault simulation using an RTL (Register Transfer Level) simulator. This novel method was used to translate the gate level path excitation conditions into higher level of abstraction without loss of accuracy. The higher efficiency of the RTL-based solution allowed for fault grading of functional patterns against the top critical paths in commercial microprocessor designs. The RTL-based approach also had the added benefit of being easier to use for debugging critical paths.