cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of the Patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia is a disorder that is characterized by recurrent unilateral, brief, electric shock-like pain. It is limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the nerve. The most common cause of TN is neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve. Medical treatment relieves pain in approximately 75–80% of patients. However, it often loses effectiveness over time. Ablative procedures are preferable in patients with multiple comorbidities that cannot undergo surgery. The main surgical treatment is microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve and has a 90% success rate initially. The general anesthetic goals and considerations generally are the same as for posterior fossa craniotomy. Brainstem auditory evoked potential and electromyographic monitoring of the trigeminal and the facial nerves are also used. Triggering of the trigeminocardiac reflex is not uncommon with this procedure. A 55-year-old female complains of severe, shooting, electric shock-like pain in her right cheek. The pain occurs spontaneously or when she touches her face, chews, or upon brushing her teeth. The symptoms started suddenly about 1 year ago. She saw a neurologist 6 months ago and was diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia. The neurologist started her on medical treatment which initially provided some relief. However, few months later, her symptoms worsened again. The neurologist referred her to a pain management specialist, who recommended a nerve block. The block did not significantly help. She was then referred to a neurosurgeon, who recommended a trigeminal nerve decompression.
Adolescent Exposure to Violence and Intimate-Partner Violence Mediated by Mental Distress.

Abstract Adolescent exposure to violence (ETV) is associated with multiple negative health outcomes. Despite evidence linking adolescent ETV with later experiences of physical, sexual and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization, more longitudinal evidence is needed, and potential explanatory mechanisms should be tested. We examine data collected over 17 years to analyze the mediating effects of mental distress and substance use on the association between cumulative ETV in adolescence and IPV in adulthood. Adolescent (Mages = 15–18 years) ETV was associated with IPV outcomes in adulthood (Mage = 32 years). In parallel mediation models, mental distress in emerging adulthood (Mages = 20–23 years) fully mediated the effect of adolescent ETV on later IPV outcomes. Although substance use predicted experience of IPV, it did not mediate the association between ETV and IPV. These findings have implications for understanding trajectories of risk following violence exposure and inform intervention work through identifying developmental periods where ETV contributes to later IPV victimization.
Adverse events related to total ankle replacement devices: an analysis of reports to the United States Food and Drug Administration

The published outcomes of total ankle replacement (TAR) implants came from limited institutions creating observational bias. For broader perspective, we queried the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) voluntary database to explore complications reported outside published literature. The database was reviewed retrospectively between November 2011 and April 2019 using two product codes assigned to six TAR devices. Among 648 relevant reports available in the database, common complications were aseptic loosening (19.3%), infection (18.2%), and alignment/mechanical issues (16.5%). Others included instrument/instrumentation complications, impingement, polyethylene problems, fractures, avascular necrosis of talus (AVN), and packaging issues. MAUDE database revealed various patterns of device-related malfunctions that have been under-reported in published data. Despite inconsistency in the available reports, it provided opportunities for improvements in quality control, device design, and ultimately patient safety. Database would be further strengthened by more robust reporting mechanism or mandatory reporting of device-related complications.
Developing a Closed-Loop Brain-Computer Interface for Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Using Electrical Brain Stimulation

Neuropsychiatric disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide. In our research project we are developing brain-computer interface technology to decode mood states that determine appropriate stimulation parameters for real-time therapy.
State of the Journal, 2021

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) retains its ranking as the top-rated occupational therapy journal in North America by maintaining its commitment to publishing high-quality research aimed at occupational therapy professionals. As the needs and scope of the profession continue to expand, AJOT will continue to serve as a resource to practitioners, academics, and administrators to help guide best practices. Communication and engagement with readers will be facilitated through the new AJOT website as well as the new AJOT: Authors and Issues series. The journal seeks to expand its scope through its website, manuscript submission platform, and new ways to engage readers.
Modeling and Characterizing a Fiber-Reinforced Dielectric Elastomer Tension Actuator

Creating dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) that mimic natural muscle has proven difficult, as a DEA provides in-plane expansion when actuated, while natural muscle creates contraction upon stimulation. Using a composite fiber-mesh dielectric, a DEA can create planar contraction when compressed through the thickness due to reorientation of the fiber reinforcement. This letter investigates the performance of a fiber-reinforced dielectric elastomer tension actuator (FRDETA) under a variety of loading conditions. We present modeling that considers the extensibility and packing density of the embedded fiber reinforcement to predict the mechanical response of the actuator. We then experimentally validate the results and determine the optimal fiber angle to maximize mechanical work for a FRDETA under a dead load. The FRDETAs tested were able to obtain tensile stresses of 880 kPa, tensile strains up to 14.7%, and a mass-specific energy density of 10.7 J/kg, which all fall within the ranges reported for natural muscle. Overall, these tensile actuators present an easily implementable solution for creating tension in larger soft robotic systems.
Association of ischemic stroke, hormone therapy, and right to left shunt in postmenopausal women.

Background Postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) increases the risk of venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke. Objectives We postulated that HT might increase the risk of ischemic stroke by promoting venous clots that travel to the brain through a right to left shunt (RLS). Methods A total of 2,389 records were studied. After eliminating the premenopausal patients, and those with TIAs and non-ischemic strokes, the medical records of 1846 postmenopausal women hospitalized at four institutions for ischemic stroke were reviewed to identify those who had undergone an adequate study to assess for RLS. The proportion of women with a shunt in users and non-users of HT was compared in stroke patients and in a reference population consisting of postmenopausal women undergoing elective cardiac catheterization. Results There were 363 (20%) records that had complete data and were included in the analysis. A shunt was more prevalent in patients with a cryptogenic stroke than in patients with a stroke of known cause (55/88 (63%) vs. 53/275 (19%), P < 0.001). In patients with a stroke of known cause, the frequency of a shunt was similar to that in reference women 31/136 (23%), and the proportion of women with a shunt was similar in non-users and current users of HT (14% vs. 20%, P = 0.40). However, among patients with a cryptogenic stroke, the prevalence of a shunt was 1.5 times higher in current users than non-users of HT (82% vs. 56%, P = 0.04). Conclusions Approximately 23% of older women have a RLS. HT in these women may increase the risk of ischemic stroke by promoting paradoxical embolism. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An adaptive motion estimation scheme using maximum mutual information criteria

Motion estimation in video coding can be formulated as an optimization problem. Recently, a motion estimation scheme that uses Renyi's error entropy as the optimization criterion, was proposed [1]. Motivated by [1], in this paper, we propose a different criterion in motion estimation, i.e., the criterion of maximum mutual information. Based on this new criterion, we design a motion estimation algorithm. Our results show that our algorithm achieves significantly lower computational complexity compared to existing fast-search methods for motion estimation. A salient feature of our algorithm is that it is ideally suited for wireless video sensor networks where limited bandwidth, restricted computational capability, and limited battery power supply pose stringent constraints on the system.
Interdisciplinary Health Partnership between Graduate Schools and Host Communities

This article discusses the importance of interprofessional partnerships to address barriers to health for low-income individuals and key considerations for the creation of such partnerships.
The World Wide Web’s shadow of opportunity: A Heideggerian perspective of authenticity in the information age

This paper will examine Heidegger’s conditions for Dasein (human being) discovering its authenticity through acting in the world in such a way as to create meaning for itself through its relation to itself, others and the world. (I will follow Heidegger’s convention of using the third person singular neuter pronoun form when referring to Dasein.) First, we will consider the relevancy of Heidegger’s existential analysis and investigation of technology in the information age. We will then discuss structures of being in the world and examine inauthentic and authentic modes of being. Next, we will consider three modes of “fallenness” that prevent Dasein from realizing a meaningful relationship to itself, others, and the world, and how the World Wide Web contributes to these conditions. Finally, four principles for authentic being with the Web are proposed and discussed.
Bypass or amputation?: Concomitant review of bypass arterial grafting and major amputations

Summary In this survey, the results of arterial bypass grafting procedures for occlusive disease and after major amputations have been reported. The two series have been evaluated separately and then some comparisons have been made. The bypass graft series covered risk, mortality, and patency of grafts, including patency at 1 year. The amputation series covered risk, mortality, and effect of previous bypass on the level of amputation, and the ability to ambulate.
Appending a Prepaid Phone Flag to the Cell Phone Sample

Telephone sample providers offer a flag that can be appended to cell phone samples to identify which phone numbers belong to prepaid or “pay as you go” cell phones. These phones tend to be used by people with lower incomes, a group that is often unrepresented in surveys. The Pew Research Center tested whether this flag could be used to correctly identify prepaid cell phone numbers and therefore the hard to reach demographic groups that typically use such phones. While the flag succeeded in identifying these groups, using this flag to oversample them is probably too costly and inefficient for a general population study. The Pew Research Center would only consider using this flag in the future for studies of particularly hard to reach demographic groups but not for general population studies.
Stoichiometric flexibility as a regulator of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems under change

Ecosystems across the biosphere are subject to rapid changes in elemental balance and climatic regimes. A major force structuring ecological responses to these perturbations lies in the stoichiometric flexibility of systems - the ability to adjust their elemental balance whilst maintaining function. The potential for stoichiometric flexibility underscores the utility of the application of a framework highlighting the constraints and consequences of elemental mass balance and energy cycling in biological systems to address global change phenomena. Improvement in the modeling of ecological responses to disturbance requires the consideration of the stoichiometric flexibility of systems within and across relevant scales. Although a multitude of global change studies over various spatial and temporal scales exist, the explicit consideration of the role played by stoichiometric flexibility in linking micro-scale to macro-scale biogeochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems remains relatively unexplored. Focusing on terrestrial systems under change, we discuss the mechanisms by which stoichiometric flexibility might be expressed and connected from organisms to ecosystems. We suggest that the transition from the expression of stoichiometric flexibility within individuals to the community and ecosystem scales is a key mechanism regulating the extent to which environmental perturbation may alter ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling dynamics.
The Role Of Realistic Job Previews And Expectation Lowering Procedures For Expatriate Managers

The purpose of this paper is to integrate research from the fields of economics, management and consumer satisfaction in an attempt to better understand the nature of expectations and the process of their formation in realistic job previews (RJP) and expectations lowering procedures (ELP) methods of influencing the development of realistic expectations about a position and an organization. The approach to the paper development is to initially review the research regarding met expectations and expectation formation, while later to introduce Expectation Disconfirmation Theory and relate it to both RJP and ELP. Borrowing from the aforementioned diverse areas, a model is developed containing a continuum of expectations, disconfirmation, satisfaction and turnover intention that provides some insight, from a theoretical perspective, why RJP and ELP frequently result in successful and positive organizational outcomes. “We fear things in proportion to our ignorance of them.” (Titus Livius)
Rankings Season Is Here

With the arrival of the new academic year in much of the world, the rankings season must be under way. The major international rankings have appeared in recent months—the Academic Ranking of World Universities ([ARWU] the “Shanghai Rankings”), the QS World University Rankings, and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE).
Conventional and associative memory approaches to automatic spelling correction

Abstract This paper reviews conventional and emerging associative-memory approaches to robust data retrieval when the input keyword and/or database itself may contain noise (errors). Spelling checking is used as a primary example to illustrate various approaches and to contrast the difference between conventional (algorithmic) techniques and research methods based on neural associative memories. Based on several recent ad hoc models for associative spelling checkers a generic model is proposed that incorporates powerful N-gram encoding for word representation and supervised-learning associative memories. Recent research on associative spelling checkers is summarized and some original results are presented. It is concluded that many neural network models do not provide a practically viable solution for robust data retrieval, due to saturation and scaling problems. However, a combination of conventional and neural approaches is shown to have excellent error correction rates and low computational costs; hence, it can be a good choice for robust data retrieval in large databases.
Whole Sunflower Seeds for High Producing Dairy Cows

Abstract Nine Holstein cows in 3 × 3 Latin squares were used to determine the feeding value of whole sunflower seeds. Complete rations (dry matter) of 45% corn silage, 10% alfalfa hay, and 45% concentrate were fed. Concentrates contained mostly corn and soybean meal, 22% whole rolled sunflower seeds, and 22% extruded whole sunflower seeds. Sunflower seeds replaced portions of the corn and soybean meal in the last two rations. Total rations contained, respectively, (dry matter) 15.8, 15.3, and 15.3% crude protein and 2.8, 5.2, and 5.5% ether extract. Milk production was 30.6, 32.1, and 31.3 kg/day, and 4% fat-corrected milk was 28.4, 29.4, and 28.3 kg/day. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Milk fat from cows fed sunflower seeds contained more stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linoleic acids. Dry matter intakes were similar for all rations. Production measures indicate whole sunflower seeds can constitute as much as 10% of the total ration dry matter without adversely affecting production.
Validation of Visual Statistical Inference, Applied to Linear Models

Statistical graphics play a crucial role in exploratory data analysis, model checking, and diagnosis. The lineup protocol enables statistical significance testing of visual findings, bridging the gulf between exploratory and inferential statistics. In this article, inferential methods for statistical graphics are developed further by refining the terminology of visual inference and framing the lineup protocol in a context that allows direct comparison with conventional tests in scenarios when a conventional test exists. This framework is used to compare the performance of the lineup protocol against conventional statistical testing in the scenario of fitting linear models. A human subjects experiment is conducted using simulated data to provide controlled conditions. Results suggest that the lineup protocol performs comparably with the conventional tests, and expectedly outperforms them when data are contaminated, a scenario where assumptions required for performing a conventional test are violated. Surpr...
Residual effects of short-term, low-level exposure of nonhuman primates to polychlorinated biphenyls.

Abstract Six adult female rhesus monkeys were fed the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1248 at a level of 25 ppm for 2 months. Facial edema, alopecia, and acne developed within 1 month, and one animal died as a result of PCB intoxication 2 months after removal from the experimental diet. In addition to the above changes, this animal had anemia, hypoproteinemia, severe hypertrophic, hyperplastic gastritis, and bone marrow hypoplasia. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from all experimental animals averaged 127 μg/g fat at the time the experimental diet was discontinued. Eight months later the PCB content of the adipose tissue had decreased to 34 μg/g fat. However, the five surviving animals continued to show clinical signs and lesions of PCB intoxication. An infant born to one of these PCB-fed females was small and had over 25 μg PCB/g of adrenal and adipose tissue. These data attest to the toxicity of short-term, low-level exposure to PCBs in nonhuman primates and to the persistence of the toxic effects long after exposure has been eliminated.
Imaging the shape of an elastic heterogeneity by the T-matrix method

In this paper we shall present a new inversion method. Instead of imaging the volume heterogeneity, we shall reconstruct the shape of a heterogeneity in a homogeneous elastic medium from the knowledge of the observed scattering waves, the known incident waves and the elastic parameters of the heterogeneity as well as the surrounding material. First, we shall derive an analytic forward formulation for the scattering problem due to an arbitrary shape elastic heterogeneity by incorporating the perturbation approach with the T-matrix method for SH case, then we shall establish the corresponding inverse formation based on our analytic forward formulation. Finally, we shall assess the validity of our inversion formulation and discuss its implementation.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Acceptance of Authority and the Duty to Comply with Just Institutions: A Comment on Waldron

L'A. expose la position de Waldron sur l'acceptation de l'autorite politique qu'il considere etre un «devoir naturel», par opposition a une obligation acquise envers son gouvernement. L'A. met ainsi en question la position de l'individu envers l'Etat et la possibilite d'un devoir envers les institutions justes
Thermal surface chemistry of Fe(CO)5 on Pd(111) studied by FT-TPD and LITD-FTMS

Iron pentacarbonyl desorbs from Pd(111) in ultra-high vacuum at 153 and 170 K, corresponding to multilayer and monolayer desorption. Approximately 30% of the first saturation layer decomposes during the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiment. Laser-induced thermal desorption shows submonolayer coverages to react under 150 K and then again near 200 K. TPD shows evolution of CO by a reaction-limited process near 260 K. The decomposition process is likely to involve a stepwise decarbonylation.
Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid with extensive clear‐cell differentiation: A potential diagnostic pitfall

Clear-cell features have been recognized in several different thyroid neoplasms. A case of thyroid follicular carcinoma with extensive clear- and Hurthle-cell features is described in a 37-yr-old white female, with cytochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. The tumor of the thyroid gland, with anterior neck soft-tissue extension, displayed clear cells on fine-needle aspiration, which were negative for thyroglobulin. The surgical specimen displayed predominately clear cells (80%), and only the nonclear-cell areas stained for thyroblobulin. Proper categorization of clear-cell lesions of the thyroid and soft tissues requires a multimodality approach, involving clinical/pathological correlation, morphological analysis, and ancillary tissue studies. Immunhistochemical stains for thyroglobulin are quite definitive in making the distinction between primary clear-cell thyroid tumors vs. metastatic clear-cell tumors. Cytologists should be aware, however, that the clear-cell areas of thyroid tumors might not stain for thyroglobulin. Diagn. Cytopathol. 22:398–399, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preferred exocyclic-amino coordination of W(CO)5 on 2-aminopyrimidine and 4-aminopyrimidine vs. heterocyclic N-1 coordination for 2-aminopyridine

Abstract 2-Aminopyrimidine (2-ampym) and 4-aminopyrimidine (4-ampym) coordinate to W(CO) 5 predominantly via the exocyclic amino group (>91% in 10 min photolysis) rather than to the endocyclic N-1 position as found for 2-aminopyridine (2-ampy). Photolysis of W(CO) 6 in acetone in the presence of these ligands forms amino-bound [W(CO) 5 (2-ampym)] and [W(CO) 5 (4-ampym)] complexes. Secondary photolysis generates 18% (1.0 h photolysis) [W(CO) 4 (2-ampym)] or [W(CO) 4 (4-ampym)], chelated via the exocyclic amine and the adjacent endocyclic position (N-1 and N-3, respectively). Only ca. 10% of the more unhindered N-1-bound W(CO) 5 (4-ampym) was detected compared to virtually complete coordination via the exocyclic amino group for [W(CO) 5 (2-ampym)]. M mff 94 calculations show that the W(CO) 5 coordination to the exocyclic donor is favored by 98.8 and 95.6 kcal/mol over the adjacent endocyclic position in the 2-ampym and 4-ampym complexes, respectively. Calculated W–N bond lengths by the M mff 94 methods gave exo-amine W–N bond distances of 2.24 and 2.26 A and theoretical adjacent endocyclic W–N bond distances of 2.37 and 2.35 A ( isomers not observed from photolysis ) for the 2-ampym and 4-ampym complexes, respectively. A W–(N-1) bond of 2.28 A for this isomer of [W(CO) 5 (4-ampym)] was calculated. All W–N bonds are near the 2.18–2.33 A range (mean of 2.27±0.06) for [W(CO) 5 L] (L=pyridine, piperidine, glycine, 1-(2-py)-1,2,4-triazole, [W(CO) 5 CN] − , 5-MeU − ).
Vibrational spectroscopy of sulfur hexafluoride attached to helium clusters.

We have built an apparatus capable of attaching a molecule to a liquid-helium cluster and obtaining its infrared spectrum. Clusters made of a few thousand atoms and containing an ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ molecule show two absorptions located at 945.8 and 946.1 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ which indicate that the guest molecule is located near the surface of the cluster. If the cluster contains two ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ molecules, the spectrum obtained is that of a slightly perturbed ${\mathrm{SF}}_{6}$ dimer.
Co-planar crack interaction in cleaved mica

We have performed a combined experimental and analytical study of cleavage in mica using a double cantilever beam geometry in which a crack induced by a wedge driven into one side of the specimen interacts with a pre-existing, coplanar, internal crack. The internal crack is produced by inserting a fiber into the sample on the cleavage plane. As the wedge-driven crack approaches the internal crack, its growth is retarded by the defect, producing an increase in the apparent fracture resistance. With continued loading, the two cracks coalesce. The experiment has been analyzed using a cohesive zone approach to represent the interlayer adhesion in mica. Analysis of the various stages of the experiment reveal scaling dependencies of the different cohesive zone parameters. The coalescence event has been found to depend on parameters other than the fracture resistance of the interface, making it useful for determining additional parameters in the cohesive description, such as the characteristic opening to failure or the cohesive stress. Analysis of the coalescence event is reproduced with finite element calculations. The interaction experiment allows multiple parameters to be determined in a single experiment using a single sample. In our experiments, we observe an increase in the apparent fracture resistance without introducing additional mechanisms for dissipation. Our results reveal the nature of this pinning mechanism and its strength in terms of cohesive fracture parameters.
Experience-dependent affective learning and risk for psychopathology in children.

The influence of childhood affective experiences across development may be understood in terms of preparedness to learn about emotion, combined with general immaturity and neuro-plasticity of perceptual systems. Early in development, processing resources are relatively immature and limited in capacity, thereby constraining how much information the young child can absorb. But it is clear that learning about emotions proceeds swiftly in nearly all children, suggesting biological preparedness to track associations between certain stimuli and outcomes. It is proposed here that limited processing capacity, in tandem with dispositions to filter or select key privileged stimuli in the environment, facilitates adaptive, rapid, affective learning. The developmental organization of affective systems is contingent upon those features of input that are most learnable, such as signals that are particularly salient, frequent, or predictable. Therefore, plasticity confers risk for maladaptation in that children's learning will be based upon these prominent features of the environment, however aberrant. Language: en
Coca pests and pesticides.

Summary The major pests of coca are listed and discussed along with methods used to control them in the past and present. Results of analyses for pesticide residues in samples of commercial Peruvian coca leaves are presented. Levels of pesticides found in these samples are too low to be considered a medical risk to coca chewers.
Theoretical frameworks for African American women

Applying appropriate theoretical frameworks for black women is challenging because many theories are very general and do not consider multiple identities and roles. Critical race theory and black feminist thought are suggested as appropriate frameworks and applied to the needs of black women in higher education.
Role of Allogeneic Transplantation for FLT3/ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Outcomes from 133 Consecutive Newly Diagnosed Patients from a Single Institution

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3/ITD mutations have an inferior survival compared to AML patients with wild-type (WT) FLT3, primarily because of an increased relapse rate. Allogeneic transplantation represents a postremission therapy that is effective at reducing the risk of relapse for many cases of poor-risk AML. Whether or not allogeneic transplantation in first complete remission (CR) can improve outcomes for patients with FLT3/ITD AML remains controversial. Our institution has adopted a policy of pursuing allogeneic transplantation, including the use of alternate donors, for FLT3/ITD AML patients in remission. As part of an instituional review board–approved study, we performed a review of the clinical data from November 1, 2004, to October 31, 2008, on all adult patients under the age of 60 presenting in consecutive fashion to the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins with newly diagnosed non-M3 AML. We followed their outcomes through August 1, 2010. During the study period, 133 previously untreated AML patients between the ages of 20 and 59 were diagnosed and received induction and consolidation therapy at our institution. Of these 133 patients, 31 (23%) harbored an FLT3/ITD mutation at diagnosis. The median overall survival (OS) from the time of diagnosis for the FLT3/ITD AML patients was compared to the OS of the entire cohort and found to be comparable (19.3 months versus 15.5 months, P = .56). Historically, OS for FLT3/ITD AML patients is significantly worse than for AML patients lacking this mutation. However, the OS for the 31 FLT3/ITD patients reported here was comparable to the 102 patients with WT FLT3 over the same 4-year time period. One difference that might have contributed to the surprising outcomes for the FLT3/ITD group is our aggressive pursuit of allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) in CR1 within this group (60% of FLT3/ITD versus 17% with WT). Our single-institution study of consecutively treated AML patients supports the hypothesis that allogeneic transplant in early CR1 improves the long-term outcomes for FLT3/ITD AML.
Human p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor drugs inhibit Plasmodium falciparum replication

We recently demonstrated that human p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors reduced in vitro and in vivo replication of the protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of five p38 MAPK inhibitors to block the replication of Plasmodium falciparum in human erythrocytes cultured ex vivo and demonstrate that the pyridinylimidazole RWJ67657 and the pyrrolobenzimidazole RWJ68198 reduced P. falciparum replication, yielded trophozoites that were greatly diminished in size at 24 h, and that these two agents interfered with stage differentiation. Interestingly, the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 was significantly more sensitive to these drugs than was the chloroquine-sensitive strain HB3. These results suggest that pyridinylimidazoles and pyrrolobenzimidazoles designed to inhibit human p38 MAPK activation can be developed to treat malaria.
A HOPEWELL TYPE OF CULTURE IN WISCONSIN

THE Wisconsin archaeological field, if one may so arbitrarily limit it, is geographically situated very much on the borderland of the accepted Middle Western area of intense archaeological interest. Moreover, the application of modern excavation and study methods is of very recent adoption here, due largely to a previous lack of funds available for such research. Consequently, the district and its problems are little known to the American student.
Analysis of CHEK2 gene for ovarian cancer susceptibility.

Abstract Objectives A deletion variant in the CHEK2 gene (del1100C) has been implicated as a low-penetrance risk factor for breast cancer. We sought to determine contribution of CHEK2 mutations to the etiology of ovarian cancer (OvCa). Methods We used cases ascertained from the United States through Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) protocols 172, 182, and 144, the University of Hawaii Cancer Research Center, and Creighton University. Control women were recruited from Pittsburgh and Hawaii. Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography, sequence analysis, and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by Pyrosequencing were employed to analyze the CHEK2 gene. Results Mutation screening of the CHEK2 gene in 48 cases who had a first-degree relative with OvCa uncovered only del1100C and A252G variants. Altogether, the del1100C variant was detected in none of 751 unselected cases, in 1 of 52 (1.9%) cases who had a first-degree relative with OvCa, and in 3 of 521 (0.6%) unselected controls. The frequencies of del1100C and A252G variants did not show statistically significant differences between the cases and the controls. Conclusions These results suggest that variations in CHEK2 do not make a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of OvCa in the U.S. population.
CHARACTERIZATION OF HISTORIC PAPERS USING ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTION INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Previous work has shown that there is a significant correlation between the condition of several historic papers and their gelatin sizing content as determined by wet chemical methods. We have investigated the use of attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with principal components regression (PCR) analysis as an improved method to estimate gelatin concentrations as well as other properties on historic papers. From a training set of 25 spectra obtained from handmade papers dated from 1400 to 1800, the results from the PCR analysis indicate that three factors correlate with gelatin concentration with a multiple correlation of 0.8057. Sulfur concentration and potassium concentration also correlate highly with the extracted factors with R values of 0.7937 and 0.8284, respectively. Other properties such as fluorescence, surface pH, date, L * value, and iron concentration significantly correlate with one or more factors as well. The results suggest that the method can facilitate further studies into the relationship between gelatin sizing and paper permanence as well as the relationship between gelatin and other paper components.
The effect of postconditioning CS experience on recovery from radiation-induced taste aversion

Seventy-two hours after saccharin (CS) was paired with either a 100R or sham radiation exposure, rats received a 0-, 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-, or 46-hour saccharin-alone presentation followed by a 23-hour two-bottle preference test. Generally, faster recovery from the aversion was observed in animals receiving longer CS-alone presentations. The present procedure differs from previous work done with other toxins in that animals were not fluid-deprived during the postconditioning period. This enabled animals to constantly control the volume, duration, and inter-bout interval of the saccharin drinking episodes independent of any experimentally imposed drinking schedule. In addition, the two-bottle test provided a sensitive measure of the status of the saccharin aversion following the saccharin-alone presentation.
Cardioversion with lidocaine of vagally associated atrial fibrillation in two dogs.

Abstract Two dogs with acute onset atrial fibrillation (AF) were cardioverted to sinus rhythm by the administration of 2 mg/kg lidocaine given intravenously. Each dog was believed to have AF initiated because of elevated vagal tone. This report has potential clinical impact for a subset of dogs because it offers a treatment to circumvent persistent AF. Furthermore, this encouraging result of a pharmacologic cardioversion suggests that further investigation would be of interest to ascertain the effectiveness and mechanism of the antiarrhythmic action of lidocaine in vagally induced AF.
Left Ventricular Bullet Embolus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Missile embolization to the heart occurs infrequently in penetrating trauma. The lack of a concentrated experience at any single institution contributes to the controversies pertaining to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to management. The objective of this study was to describe a case of a left ventricular bullet embolus and provide a detailed diagnostic and therapeutic framework for management of intracardiac projectiles. Initial management of a patient with suspected intracardiac projectiles is dictated by his or her hemodynamic status. Unstable patients generally require operative intervention. In the stable patient, associated injuries must be sought. Localization of the projectile can be aided by echocardiogram, fluoroscopy, or angiography. Definitive management is individualized, and can range from observation to percutaneous or operative extraction. The decision depends on the cardiac chamber involved, the patients' symptoms, and the projectile's size, shape, and location within the chamber. Missile embolus to the heart is an infrequent occurrence, but when found presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Management strategies should be individualized. A detailed management algorithm is provided.
Implications of terrestrial 40Ar/36Ar for atmospheric and mantle evolutionary models

Abstract The terrestrial 40Ar/36Ar ratio is a function of the degassing history of the earth because 40Ar is the volatile daughter produced by continuing decay of the non-volatile parent 40K. The value of the ratio for the solid earth needs to be known and whether there is a single value, or a range of values, depending on the extent of depletion in volatiles. Measurement of 40Ar/36Ar for the interior is obtained from diamonds (a), but there is still some doubt regarding the accuracy of the data which gives low values for the ratio ( Further checks on atmospheric contamination, using the straight line test, should enable depleted and undepleted regions of the mantle to be mapped, and thus provide more definite data for models of atmospheric evolution.
REAL-SPACE MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATION AND INTERPRETATION OF X-RAY-ABSORPTION NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE

A self-consistent real-space multiple-scattering (RSMS) approach for calculations of x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) is presented and implemented in an ab initio code applicable to arbitrary aperiodic or periodic systems. This approach yields a quantitative interpretation of XANES based on simultaneous, self-consistent-field (SCF) calculations of local electronic structure and x-ray absorption spectra, which include full multiple scattering from atoms within a small cluster and the contributions of high-order MS from scatterers outside that cluster. In addition, the code includes a SCF estimate of the Fermi energy and an account of orbital occupancy and charge transfer. We also present a qualitative, scattering-theoretic interpretation of XANES. Sample applications are presented for cubic BN, ${\mathrm{UF}}_{6},$ Pu hydrates, and distorted ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}.$ Limitations and various extensions are also discussed.
Tactical and strategic responsiveness in a competitive risk-taking game☆

Abstract Two exploratory studies assessed subjects' risk preferences in a series of dynamic, competitive games with real payoffs. The objective was to determine whether people adapt their risk preferences to (1) short-run, or tactical , task demands (i.e., whether one is currently winning or losing), and (2) long-run, or strategic , demands imposed by the structure of the task (i.e., whether one is playing offense or defense). We also wanted to learn whether (3) subjects who adapt their preferences perform better than subjects who do not adapt. Most subjects in both experiments were tactically responsive, and winners were somewhat more tactically responsive than losers. Evidence for strategic responsiveness was much weaker. Although the instructions and the payoff scheme both suggested the need for greater risk taking on offense than on defense, many Experiment 1 subjects took equal or greater risk on defense than on offense. In Experiment 2, monetary penalties for lost games were eliminated and more strategic responsiveness occurred. Possible determinants of whether tactical and/or strategic responsiveness occurs in a task are outlined.
Water potential, temperature, and soil type on the formation of Beauveria bassiana soil colonies.

Abstract Beauveria bassiana hyphal colonies, radiating through the soil from Spodoptera exigua pupal cadavers, attained mean diameters of up to 4.9 cm. In two soils with high organic content, a peat and an artificial nursery soil, the mean diameters attained were 1.3 and 1.6 cm, respectively, at −0.3 bars. Other combinations of soil type and water potential (−0.3 to −37 bars) resulted in colonies with mean diameters ranging from 3.5 to 4.9 cm. Hyphae and conidiophores were not produced on the external surface of the pupal cadavers in soils at −200 bars. At −0.3 bars the growth rate of the colony diameters was 0.07 and 0.08 cm/week in the peat and nursery soils, respectively, and at −37 bars colony growth rates ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 cm/week. Other combinations of soil type and water potential (−0.3 to −15 bars) resulted in colony growth rates ranging from 0.20 to 0.24 cm/week. The colony sizes attained did not change as temperature increased from 13° to 28°C, but colony growth rate was higher at 24°C (up to 0.24 cm/week) than at higher and lower temperatures. B. bassiana strains, ABG-6178 and IL-116, did not differ in the size or the growth rate of the colonies they produced. The primary colonies infected healthy S. exigua pupae in all soil type, water potential, and temperature combinations tested.
Recovery room oxygenation: a comparison of nasal catheters and 40 per cent oxygen masks.

One hundred and sixty-one ASA physical status I-III patients undergoing elective surgery were evaluated using nasal catheters versus 40 per cent O2 venturi masks. Twenty-one per cent of the patients arrived in the recovery room with hypoxia as measured with a pulse oximeter (SaO2 < 90 per cent). Fifteen minutes later alt patients who arrived hypoxic were well oxygenated on their chosen oxygen therapy. Only one patient that arrived normoxic became hypoxic using a nasal catheter 15 minutes later. There was no statistical difference between patients given 40 per cent O2 by mask versus patients given oxygen by nasal catheter. The mean SaO2 for the group given 40 per cent O2 at 15 minutes was 96.7 ± 2.15 per cent versus 96.6 ± 2.48 per cent for nasal catheters. Nasal catheters are as effective as 40 per cent O2 masks for treating hypoxia in the recovery room. Obesity and age were statistically significant risk factors in the patients that arrived hypoxic. Patients were 47.4 ± 15.6 years in the hypoxic group versus 38.3 ± 15.6 years in the non-hypoxic group (p < 0.001). Patients having an endotracheal tube with intermittent positive pressure ventilation or having a premedication were more apt to be hypoxic on arrival. These last two factors were closely associated and may reflect bias. The patient’s gender, history of smoking, presence of obstructive lung disease, not including asthma, location of incision, or type of anaesthetic were not statistically significant risk factors.
Class Conflict and Images of Society

[The article commences by referring to a resurgence of interest by social theorists in conflict and coercion in society. Among recent works, Dahrendorf’s (1959) theory of social conflict “stands out for its clarity of expression and its generality”. The purpose of Lopreato’s study is, then, to “examine the empirical validity of some aspects of this … approach”.]
Adjudicating among competing systems of belief

(1999). Adjudicating among competing systems of belief. International Review of Sociology: Vol. 9, The Future for Professions: Current Analytical Challenges, pp. 7-17.
Association between the introduction of a new cystic fibrosis inhaled antibiotic class and change in prevalence of patients receiving multiple inhaled antibiotic classes

Abstract Background In 2010, aztreonam for inhalation solution joined aminoglycosides and colistimethate as a new cystic fibrosis (CF) chronic inhaled antimicrobial therapy. We studied how the introduction of this new inhaled antibiotic class changed the management of US CF patients. Methods The use of inhaled aminoglycosides, colistimethate, and aztreonam among patients followed in the CF Foundation Patient Registry was analyzed by age group, lung disease stage, and microbiologic status both annually, and at individual visits between 2009 and 2012. Results The overall prevalence of inhaled antibiotic use did not change during the period, but the prevalence of annual and any visit treatment with >1 inhaled antibiotic class more than doubled. Adults, those with advanced lung disease, and those with >1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory culture were more likely to receive >1 antibiotic class. Conclusions Inhaled antibiotic management of US CF patients has dramatically changed in association with the introduction of a third inhaled antibiotic class.
Instability and Failure of Fiber Composites in Compression

This paper addresses the uniaxial compressive failure of unidirectional, fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites. The material that was used in this combined experimental/numerical effort was APC-2/AS4. Failure was found to result in kink bands of distinct widths oriented at an angle to the line of loading. Kink bands were preserved by conducting a series of experiments where failure was confined. Fiber misalignments in the prepreg and from the lamination process were identified as the imperfections that, in conjunction with the nonlinear shear response of the matrix material, essentially govern the formation of zones of localized bending. This, in turn, causes fibers to break and into distinct kink bands. The process was modeled by considering a micro-section of material with wavy fibers under compression. The formulation accounted for material and geometric nonlinearities and various distributions of waviness. It was illustrated that failure is associated with a limit load instability, followed by localized fiber bending which leads to kinking.