cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes

Recombinant DNA carrying the 3-kilobase transposable element was injected into Drosophila embryos of a strain that lacked such elements. Under optimum conditions, half of the surviving embryos showed evidence of P element-induced mutations in a fraction of their progeny. Direct analysis of the DNA of strains derived from such flies showed them to contain from one to five intact 3-kilobase P elements located at a wide variety of chromosomal sites. DNA sequences located outside the P element on the injected DNA were not transferred. Thus P elements can efficiently and selectively transpose from extrachromosomal DNA to the DNA of germ line chromosomes in Drosophila embryos. These observations provide the basis for efficient DNA-mediated gene transfer in Drosophila.
Optimization of wavelet decomposition for image compression and feature preservation

A neural-network-based framework has been developed to search for an optimal wavelet kernel that can be used for a specific image processing task. In this paper, a linear convolution neural network was employed to seek a wavelet that minimizes errors and maximizes compression efficiency for an image or a defined image pattern such as microcalcifications in mammograms and bone in computed tomography (CT) head images. We have used this method to evaluate the performance of tap-4 wavelets on mammograms, CTs, magnetic resonance images, and Lena images. We found that the Daubechies wavelet or those wavelets with similar filtering characteristics can produce the highest compression efficiency with the smallest mean-square-error for many image patterns including general image textures as well as microcalcifications in digital mammograms. However, the Haar wavelet produces the best results on sharp edges and low-noise smooth areas. We also found that a special wavelet (whose low-pass filter coefficients are 0.32252136, 0.85258927, 0.38458542, and -0.14548269) produces the best preservation outcomes in all tested microcalcification features including the peak signal-to-noise ratio, the contrast and the figure of merit in the wavelet lossy compression scheme. Having analyzed the spectrum of the wavelet filters, we can find the compression outcomes and feature preservation characteristics as a function of wavelets. This newly developed optimization approach can be generalized to other image analysis applications where a wavelet decomposition is employed.
Four New Cestode Species from the Spiral Intestine of the Round Stingray, Urobatis halleri, in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico

The spiral intestines of 40 specimens of Urobatis halleri from the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, were examined for cestodes. Four new species, Rhinebothrium chollaensis n. sp., Rhinebothrium gravidum n. sp., Eutetrarhynchus cortezensis n. sp., and Prochristianella minima n. sp., are described. This is the first record of these 3 genera in the Gulf of California and the first report of Eutetrarhynchus in U. halleri.
Opportunistic Large Array Concentric Routing Algorithm (OLACRA) over Wireless Fading Channels

An opportunistic large array (OLA) is a group of simple, inexpensive relays or forwarding nodes that operate without any mutual coordination, but naturally fire together in response to energy received from a single source or another OLA. Therefore, OLAs do a simple form of cooperative transmission. The opportunistic large array concentric routing algorithm (OLACRA) is an energy efficient upstream routing algorithm that has been proposed for OLA-based networks and has been shown to save over 70 percent of the energy in comparison to whole network OLA flooding for the non-faded channel. This paper analyzes the performance of OLACRA over the Rayleigh flat-fading channel. Distributed delay diversity using direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) waveforms is proposed to obtain diversity in such channels. Each node in an OLA chooses its transmission time randomly from a limited set of choices, thereby creating a limited set of orthogonal channels, which are then combined with RAKE receivers. Performance comparison is made with orthogonal non-faded channels. Simulations results demonstrate that the performance of OLACRA over the flat-fading channel approaches the performance of the deterministic channel for a diversity order of 4.
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of deoxymyoglobin during exercise in patients with heart failure. Demonstration of abnormal muscle metabolism despite adequate oxygenation.

BACKGROUNDSkeletal muscle metabolic abnormalities have been described in patients with heart failure that are independent of total limb perfusion, histochemical changes, and muscle mass. However, these skeletal muscle metabolic abnormalities may result from tissue hypoxia caused by maldistribution of flow. Myoglobin is an O2 binding protein that can indirectly assess tissue hypoxia.METHODS AND RESULTSIn vivo measurement of deoxymyoglobin was performed by use of proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 16 heart failure (HF) (left ventricular ejection fraction = 20 +/- 6%; VO2 = 14.5 +/- 5.1 mL/kg per minute) and 7 healthy (Nl) subjects. Simultaneous phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy also were obtained to examine muscle metabolism and oxygenation. Supine calf plantarflexion was performed every 4 seconds. Incremental steady-state work was performed. A second exercise protocol studied rapid incremental (RAMP) exercise with plantarflexion every 2 seconds. Art...
Statistical Concepts - A Second Course

Statistical Concepts consists of the last 9 chapters of An Introduction to Statistical Concepts, 3rd ed. Designed for the second course in statistics, it is one of the few texts that focuses just on intermediate statistics. The book highlights how statistics work and what they mean to better prepare students to analyze their own data and interpret SPSS and research results. As such it offers more coverage of non-parametric procedures used when standard assumptions are violated since these methods are more frequently encountered when working with real data. Determining appropriate sample sizes is emphasized throughout. Only crucial equations are included. The new edition features: New co-author, Debbie L. Hahs-Vaughn, the 2007 recipient of the University of Central Florida's College of Education Excellence in Graduate Teaching Award. A new chapter on logistic regression models for today's more complex methodologies. Much more on computing confidence intervals and conducting power analyses using G*Power. All new SPSS version 19 screenshots to help navigate through the program and annotated output to assist in the interpretation of results. Sections on how to write-up statistical results in APA format and new templates for writing research questions. New learning tools including chapter-opening vignettes, outlines, a list of key concepts, "Stop and Think" boxes, and many more examples, tables, and figures. More tables of assumptions and the effects of their violation including how to test them in SPSS. 33% new conceptual, computational, and all new interpretative problems. A website with Power Points, answers to the even-numbered problems, detailed solutions to the odd-numbered problems, and test items for instructors, and for students the chapter outlines, key concepts, and datasets. Each chapter begins with an outline, a list of key concepts, and a research vignette related to the concepts. Realistic examples from education and the behavioral sciences illustrate those concepts. Each example examines the procedures and assumptions and provides tips for how to run SPSS and develop an APA style write-up. Tables of assumptions and the effects of their violation are included, along with how to test assumptions in SPSS. Each chapter includes computational, conceptual, and interpretive problems. Answers to the odd-numbered problems are provided. The SPSS data sets that correspond to the book’s examples and problems are available on the web. The book covers basic and advanced analysis of variance models and topics not dealt with in other texts such as robust methods, multiple comparison and non-parametric procedures, and multiple and logistic regression models. Intended for courses in intermediate statistics and/or statistics II taught in education and/or the behavioral sciences, predominantly at the master's or doctoral level. Knowledge of introductory statistics is assumed.
Application of a staggered walk algorithm for generating large-scale morphological neuronal networks

Large-scale models of neuronal structures are needed to explore emergent properties of mammalian brains. Because these models have trillions of synapses, a major problem in their creation is synapse placement. Here we present a novel method for exploiting consistent fiber orientation in a neural tissue to perform a highly efficient modified plane-sweep algorithm, which identifies all regions of 3D overlaps between dendritic and axonal projection fields. The first step in placing synapses in physiological models is neurite-overlap detection, at large scales a computationally intensive task. We have developed an efficient "Staggered Walk" algorithm that can find all 3D overlaps of neurites where trillions of synapses connect billions of neurons.
AFM-based Electrical Characterization of Nano-structures

Carbon nanotubes have the potential of being used as interconnects and active semiconducting material in future electronic circuits. It is necessary to study such nano-scale circuits with probes that can make measurements with molecular precision. We describe results using two nanoprobe techniques, namely scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM), and conductive tip atomic force microscopy (CT-AFM), in the investigation of electrical properties of nanotube circuits. Vertical arrays of multi-walled nanotubes, grown in a porous alumina template with a metal back contact were analyzed. Current mapping confirmed that the nanotubes were electrically connected to the back contact. Isolated single-walled nanotube bundles deposited on an oxidized silicon wafer, and contacted electrically through chromium electrodes were also studied. Contact potential differences between the metal and nanotubes, and the current in some connected nanotubes were measured. Measurements of contact potential with different metals, and the nature of microscopic transport is crucial. Contact potential measurements can also provide fast and reliable characterization of junctions between metallic and semiconducting nanotubes and metals electrodes.
Replacing the ‘teacher-proof’ curriculum with the ‘curriculum-proof’ teacher: Toward more effective interactions with mathematics textbooks

This research examines secondary mathematics teachers’ use of textbook curriculum materials within ‘typical’ cycles of planning and teaching in a school year. The curriculum use of four teachers from the western US was examined before and after engagement in a form of professional development focused on more purposeful and flexible curriculum use. A multiple case study approach was used in order to uncover and describe patterns of curriculum use over time in greater detail. Planning and teaching materials were collected, grouped, and coded for reflectivity of more effective adaptations. Overall, the number of textbook materials teachers used as-is dropped dramatically while the number of materials they adapted increased. This finding was true regardless of teaching experience, teaching context, textbook used, or content taught. Furthermore, the types of adaptations teachers made to their curricula were more deliberate and student-specific in the spring than they were in the beginning of the school year. T...
Antioxidant response to exercise-induced oxidative stress and protection by vitamin E.

There is an increased generation of free radicals and lipid peroxides associated with strenuous and exhaustive exercise. I In vitamin E-deficient animals, exercise increases susceptibility to free radical damage and results in premature exhaustion, greater fragility of lysosomal membranes, and marked depression of muscle mitochondrial respiratory control. The few human studies conducted to date indicate that vitamin E supplementation reduces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation events following exercise and suggest that vitamin E requirements may increase with e ~ e r c i s e . ~ , ~ In order to investigate the potential for aprotective role of vitamin E supplementation against exercise-induced oxidative stress, 9 young (22-29 yr) and 12 older (55-74 yr) healthy men were studied following daily supplementation with 800 IU vitamin E or placebo for 48 days. Volunteers then engaged in a bout of eccentric exercise by running downhill on a treadmill at 75% of their maximum heart rate for 45 minutes. After 48 days, the concentration of plasma a-tocopherol increased6 (56% in young, 70% in older subjects) and y-tocopherol decreased (99% in young, 60% in older subjects). A protective effect of vitamin E was substantiated by measuring 24 h urinary thiobarbituric acid (TBA) adducts as an index of whole body response to oxidative stress. The protective effect of vitamin E extended up to 12 days postexercise, at which time muscle protein injury and remodeling was evident by urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine.' Analysis of variance showed a significant (p < 0.01) effect of exercise on 24 h urinary TBA-adduct excretion. Both young and older placebo groups showed a marked increase in urinary TBA-adduct excretion that reached statistical significance by 12 d post-exercise (TABLE I ) . By contrast, vitamin E-supplemented groups showed no change in TBA-adduct excretion in 24 h urine samples. Significant decreases in both aand y-tocopherol concentration and a concomitant increase of lipid conjugated dienes (intermediate products of lipid peroxidation) were found in biopsies obtained from vastus lateralis muscle before and immediately after exercise. In addition, muscle levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids in supplemented men were higher (p < 0.05) post-exercise than in those receiving placebo. These alterations in whole body lipid peroxide status following a bout of eccentric exercise are consistent with the hypothesis that vitamin E provides protection against exercise-induced oxidative injury.
Helicobacter pylori, CagA-Positive Strains, and Ischemic Stroke

To the Editor: In their interesting study, Heuschmann et al1 showed the chronic Helicobacter pylori infection to be associated with a higher risk of stroke caused by small-artery occlusion, a subtype of ischemic stroke also sharing pathomechanisms with atherosclerotic disease. A similar trend was demonstrated for stroke caused by large-artery atherosclerosis, although this trend was not statistically significant. We would like to make some comments on it. Several studies have shown that the clinical outcome of H pylori infection is strictly related to the genetic polymorphism of both the bacterium2 and the host.3 In fact, recent findings have demonstrated H pylori infection to be only weakly associated with ischemic heart disease in multivariate analysis. On the other hand, the more cytotoxic H pylori strains, bearing the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), were highly prevalent in patients with ischemic heart disease.4 On the basis of these observations, it could be interesting to investigate the prevalence of CagA-positive strains of the bacterium in patients with …
Myeloid Cell 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein Modulates the Response to Vascular Injury

Rationale: Human genetics have implicated the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, and an inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) is in clinical development for asthma. Objective: Here we determined whether FLAP deletion modifies the response to vascular injury. Methods and Results: Vascular remodeling was characterized 4 weeks after femoral arterial injury in FLAP knockout mice and wild-type controls. Both neointimal hyperplasia and the intima/media ratio of the injured artery were significantly reduced in the FLAP knockouts, whereas endothelial integrity was preserved. Lesional myeloid cells were depleted and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, as reflected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, was markedly attenuated by FLAP deletion. Inflammatory cytokine release from FLAP knockout macrophages was depressed, and their restricted ability to induce VSMC migration ex vivo was rescued with leukotriene B 4 . FLAP deletion restrained injury and attenuated upregulation of the extracellular matrix protein, tenascin C, which affords a scaffold for VSMC migration. Correspondingly, the phenotypic modulation of VSMC to a more synthetic phenotype, reflected by morphological change, loss of α-smooth muscle cell actin, and upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was also suppressed in FLAP knockout mice. Transplantation of FLAP-replete myeloid cells rescued the proliferative response to vascular injury. Conclusions: Expression of lesional FLAP in myeloid cells promotes leukotriene B 4 -dependent VSMC phenotypic modulation, intimal migration, and proliferation.
Shipping Stress and Social Status Effects on Pig Performance, Plasma Cortisol, Natural Killer Cell Activity, and Leukocyte Numbers'

Crossbred pigs were used to evaluate the effects of shipping stress on natural killer (NK) cell activity, leukocyte numbers, plasma cortisol, and BW changes. In the first study, pigs were bled at a commercial farm and, after shipping, resident and shipped pigs were bled again. Plasma cortisol concen- trations were not different (P > .lo) because of large variation in cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, NK cytotoxicity was nondetectable among all pigs. A second study showed that plasma cortisol concentra- tion rose by approximately 2.6 ng/mL (P = .018) for each minute after pigs were aroused. In the third, more controlled study, pigs were housed in pens of three pigs each. Video recordings were made during the first 24 h pigs were grouped to identify socially dominant, intermediate, and submissive pigs. At time zero (before shipping), resident pigs and those to be shipped had similar plasma cortisol concentrations. However, after the 4-h shipping experience, shipped pigs had elevated (P < .05) plasma cortisol compared with resident control pigs. Shipped pigs lost 5.1% of their BW (P < .05) compared with resident pigs, which gained .02% of their BW. Body weight change during shipping and plasma cortisol were negatively
Critical developmental periods of increased plasticity program ritualized behavior

The consideration of humans going through sensitive periods of life, such as childhood and the early postpartum, may be helpful in understanding the cognitive and evolutionary puzzle of human rituals. During such periods, certain brain systems may mediate an increased susceptibility to learn new behaviors, rational or irrational.
The devolatilization of polyimide fiber composites: Model and experimental verification

A one-dimensional devolatilization model is developed for autoclave processing of themroplastic polyimide, graphite-reinforced, composites. The model rests on the assumption that continous gas passages are formed during processing due to partical crystallization of the polymer in the course of polymerization. Both DSC and optica microscopy indicate that crystallinity develops in the Avimid-III polyimide resin during polymerization, which in turn facilitates formation of cracks. These cracks heal upon removal of volatiles and polymer melting. Model-Calculated temperature profiles in the laminate during polymerization, and the predicted removal rates of volatile species (water, ethanol, NMP) are compared to experimental miniautoclave data for the DuPont Avimid K-III/IM6 system. Good agreement is obtained when the volumetric mass transfer coefficient required by the model is assumed to vary proportionally to the inverse of the changing resin viscosity. The model allows the investigation of desired cure cycle parameters for different laminate thicknesses.
Bridge weigh-in-motion system development using static truck/bridge models

In this paper, we investigate the problem of developing a weigh-in-motion (WIM) system for use on in-service highway bridges. We consider the problem of processing a bridge's elastic response due to a passing truck and estimating the unknown truck parameters: axle spacing, speed, axle weights, and gross weight. For this problem, the bridge is modeled as a static Euler beam, and the truck is modeled as two moving point masses. The midpoint deflection of the beam is measured over time, and an optimization routine is employed to estimate the values of the unknown parameters. The truck's axle weights, axle spacing, speed and total weight are unknown, and a variety of different truck parameters are considered. First, the deflection is monitored at a constant sampling rate and all points are used in the optimization routine. For this case, with zero measurement error, the errors in the estimates of the truck parameters were unduly large. Second, a sampling technique that used half the number of points as in the first case, but selected them randomly in time, was used. Using the latter technique, with zero measurement error in the data, the errors in the parameter estimates were essentially zero. Finally, measurement error was added to the data and, using the random sampling method, the estimates of all truck parameters were essentially perfect until the magnitude of the measurement error reached 10 microns. The error remained less than 5% with noise up to 100 microns.
Hereditary malignant melanoma is not linked to the hla complex on chromosome 6

Detailed HLA typing was performed in 11 families with hereditary cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) and dysplastic nevi to determine if the melanoma susceptibility locus was genetically linked to the major histocompatibility complex. Previously published data from 19 other families were re-analyzed in the same manner. When data from all 30 families were pooled and CMM was defined as the disease trait, the hypothesis of linkage was rejected for all values of recombination (theta) less than 40%. Data on family members' status regarding dysplastic nevi (DN), a well-characterized precursor of hereditary CMM, were available for our 11 families and 7 previously-reported families. Linkage analysis between the combined CMM/DN trait and HLA provided strong evidence against this hypothesis. Significant heterogeneity was observed when various sub-groups of families were compared; these data suggested that preferential reporting of positive linkage findings and misclassification of study subjects' CMM susceptibility status may have contributed to previous beliefs that the hereditary melanoma gene was linked to HLA. When our data are combined with previously-published information, we conclude that there is strong evidence against linkage of a CMM/DN gene with the major histocompatibility complex.
A 10 Gb/s 2-IIR-tap DFE receiver with 35 dB loss compensation in 65-nm CMOS

A serial I/O receiver efficiently implements a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) employing 2 IIR taps for improved long-tail ISI cancellation. The use of a modified multi-input two-stage slicer allows for both DFE summation to be performed directly at the slicer and optimization of the first-tap IIR filter/mux feedback path to allow for cancellation of the critical first post-cursor. Fabricated in GP 65-nm CMOS, the receiver occupies 0.0304 mm2 area and consumes 9.9 mW while operating at a BER<;10-12 for 10 Gb/s data passed over a 40-inch FR4 channel with 35 dB loss at 5 GHz.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection of cells arrested in the cell cycle.

Abstract Cell proliferation is necessary for proviral integration and productive infection of most retroviruses. Nevertheless, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can infect non-dividing macrophages. This ability to grow in non-dividing cells is not specific to macrophages because, as we show here, CD4+ HeLa cells arrested at stage G2 of the cell cycle can be infected by HIV-1. Proliferation is necessary for these same cells to be infected by a murine retrovirus, MuLV. HIV-1 integrates into the arrested cell DNA and produces viral RNA and protein in a pattern similar to that in normal cells. In addition, our data suggest that the ability to infect non-dividing cells is due to one of the HIV-1 core virion proteins. HIV infection of non-dividing cells distinguishes lentiviruses from other retroviruses and is likely to be important in the natural history of HIV infection.
Make it So: Continuous, Flexible Natural Language Interaction with an Autonomous Robot

While highly constrained language can be used for robot control, robots that can operate as fully autonomous subordinate agents communicating via rich language remain an open challenge. Toward this end, we developed an autonomous system that supports natural, continuous interaction with the operator through language before, during, and after mission execution. The operator communicates instructions to the system through natural language and is given feedback on how each instruction was understood as the system constructs a logical representation of its orders. While the plan is executed, the operator is updated on relevant progress via language and images and can change the robot's orders. Unlike many other integrated systems of this type, the language interface is built using robust, general purpose parsing and semantics systems that do not rely on domain-specific grammars. This system demonstrates a new level of continuous natural language interaction and a novel approach to using general-purpose language and planning components instead of hand-building for the domain. Language-enabled autonomous systems of this type represent important progress toward the goal of integrating robots as effective members of human teams.
Elevated Transferrin Saturation, Health-Related Quality Of Life and Telomere Length

Context Increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, dementia, cancer, and death has been found among individuals with elevated transferrin saturation (TS). Although TS has been linked to specific diseases, little research has focused on the relationship between elevated TS and current health status. Purpose This study examined the relationship between elevated TS and measures of health status (telomere length and patient-reported health-related quality of life) to assess whether elevated TS is associated with negative patient outcomes beyond increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Methods We conducted an analysis of the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study supplemented with assays for leukocyte telomere length in adults (>25 years old). The HEIRS Study identified individuals through a multiethnic, multicenter sample of 101,168 US and Canadian adults. Screening was done with serum biochemical tests of iron status and hemochromatosis ( HFE) gene mutation testing. Our sample was comprised of HEIRS subjects with responses on health-related quality of life (general health (GH) and mental health (MH) subscales of the SF-36 Health Survey), and known leukocyte telomere length (n=669). Leukocyte telomere length was assessed through a quantitative PCR-based technique (qPCR). Unadjusted mean values of the general health status subscale, the mental health status subscale and telomere length were compared between groups with elevated TS (>45% for women and >50% for men) versus non-elevated TS ( 60% versus with non-elevated TS (<45% for women and <50% for men). For each of the quantitative outcomes of GH, MH, and telomere length, separate general linear regression models were formed with TS elevation as a dichotomous predictor, controlled for demographic characteristics as well as health conditions associated with iron overload. Results Among individuals with elevated TS (>45% for women and >50% for men), who also had a usual source of care, only 5.2% reported ever being told by a doctor that they had an elevated iron condition. Mean values for GH and MH, and telomere length were significantly lower in those with elevated TS ([Table 1][1]; p 60%) versus non-elevated TS. View this table: Table 1 Comparison of Mean General Health Scores, Mental Health Scores and Telomere Length by Transferrin Saturation Percentage Conclusions Increased surveillance of elevated TS may be in order as elevated TS is associated with decreased health status and very few patients with elevated TS are aware of their condition. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #T1
Characteristics of the Aminoaciduria Resulting from Cycloleucine Administration in Pair-Fed Rats

SummaryCycloleucine administration to rats produces a generalized aminoaciduria which is largely the result of failure of renal tubular reabsorption. The greatest competition for renal tubular transport appears to be with the site for the dibasic amino acids.
Population Structure, Territoriality and Overwinter Survival of Two Migrant Warbler Species in Jamaica

Etude, chez deux especes migratrices de Fauvettes (Setophaga ruticilla et Dendroica caerulescens), de la structure de la population, de la territorialite et de la survivance, lors de l'hivernage en Jamaique. Sur une periode allant de 1986 a 1989, les populations d'individus de chaque espece sont evaluees grâce a des captures-recaptures ainsi que par l'observation directe. Ceci est realise chaque annee a trois periodes differentes (debut, milieu et fin d'hiver). L'etude de la territorialite se fait lors des observations en utilisant des tests de play-back d'enregistrements du chant de ces oiseaux
Vollständig implantierbare Infusionspumpe: Eine neue Behandlungsmöglichkeit für ausgewählte Patienten mit Lebertumoren*

The action of floxuridine depends greatly on its concentration for treatment of liver metastases of colorectal carcinomas and other tumors. In isolated liver metastases it is best infused regionally in order to achieve a high concentration and to reduce systemic toxicity, particularly as it is almost entirely extracted by the liver. A totally implantable infusion pump has established itself as an effective, safe and reliable device of regional chemotherapy with floxuridine for palliative treatment of selected patients with metastases of colorectal carcinomas and other tumors. Life expectancy of patients with metastases of colorectal carcinomas was prolonged by 12-18 months when compared to a precedent control group without regional chemotherapy. This results require confirmation in a randomised phase III study. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma can be treated with intraarterial doxorubicine and floxuridine infusions. Preliminary results are encouraging. The implantable system represents a major advance in drug administration, not only for the treatment of malignant disease but also a large number of other diseases. Continuous infusion of drugs using an implantable pump system will probably achieve greater importance in the future in the treatment of cancer.
CD3 Antibody Treatment Prevents Gvhd and Allows For Rapid, Long Term, Multilineage Engraftment Of Unfractionated UCB Into Immunodeficient Mice

NSG mice are currently the best hosts for human hematopoietic stem cell xenografts, due in large part to their ability to initiate robust grafts comprised of diverse human blood cell lineages. Unfortunately, NSG mice are susceptible to GVHD induced by contaminating T cells. Therefore, stem and progenitor cells must be selected with a high degree of purity. This not only complicates the procedure, but also prevents modeling of whole umbilical cord blood (WUCB) and bone marrow transplantation. Here, we have explored both in vivo and in vitro methods to prevent xenogenic GVHD utilizing the anti-T cell antibodies ATG and OKT3. IP injection of either antibody within the first 72 hours of transplant proved effective at preventing T cell expansion. Alternatively, a simple short-term incubation of the cell suspension with antibody was equally effective. ATG, but not OKT3, had significant non-specific activity resulting in reduction and even prevention of the non-T cell portion of the graft, including SCID repopulating cells, using either the in vivo or in vitro approach. However, using the OKT3 in vitro incubation protocol, we were able to initiate stable, long term, multi-lineage engraftment from whole, unselected UCB without GVHD. Additionally, WUCB transplanted mice engrafted more readily, with a wider array of human cell types in the peripheral blood as early as 2 weeks, relative to CD34+ engrafted mice. Stem cell engraftment was confirmed by successful transplant of the human graft to secondary recipients. Limiting dilution experiments showed that significant human grafts could be generated with as few as 1 million total WBCs per mouse, indicating that very large cohorts of mice can be generated with a single UCB sample. This protocol not only has the potential to significantly streamline hematopoietic xenograft studies while greatly reducing the cost and time commitments involved, but also to allow for whole cord blood transplantation modeling and generation of unique subsets of human cells in vivo. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Aircraft Disaster

The number 25 was to have a somber significance for commercial aviation in the United States of America. It was on September 25, 1978, that what was at the time identified as the worst aviation disaster in U.S. history occurred, when two planes collided in the air over the city of San Diego. In that crash, PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727 jetliner, and a Cessna single- engine plane collided while traveling in the same direction. Both planes plummeted immediately to the ground, killing a total of 144 persons. The death toll comprised all passengers aboard the two aircrafts and seven people who were either in homes or on the street at the point of impact. Of the 135 persons on board the PSA flight, 39 were employees of the company.
Observed Mother and Father Rejection and Control: Association With Child Social Anxiety, General Anxiety, and Depression

The parent–child relationship has been recognized as an important micro-ecological context that is thought to influence child anxiety and depression. Much contemporary research has examined child-reports of broad parenting behaviors (e.g., rejection, overprotection) and has overwhelmingly focused on the mother–child relationship. Little research has examined specific parenting behaviors that may be associated with child anxiety and depression, and whether these processes are similar for mothers and fathers and boys and girls. Using a parent–child interaction task, we examined associations among specific mother and father behaviors and child-reported general anxiety, social anxiety, and depression, and explored whether these associations were moderated by child gender. Participants were 90 children (50 % female) aged 9–12 years (Mage = 10.28, SD = 1.22), 90 fathers (Mage = 43.78, SD = 6.31) and 90 mothers (Mage = 40.67, SD = 4.97). Children completed measures of social anxiety, general anxiety, and depression. Families participated in a video-recorded blindly rated interaction task that provided indices of verbal and nonverbal rejection and controlling behaviors. Mothers’ physical takeovers (unsolicited physical assistance) were associated with greater child social anxiety and mothers’ denial of requests for reassurance were associated with greater child general anxiety. Fathers’ critical statements were associated with child-reported depression. Several child gender differences were noted. Findings from our study suggest that mothers’ and fathers’ specific parenting behaviors are differentially associated with children’s social anxiety, general anxiety and depression—and these processes may vary by child gender.
ThinPrep processing of endoscopic brushing specimens.

To evaluate ThinPrep (Cytyc, Marlborough, MA) processing of endoscopic brushing specimens for cytologic examination, ThinPrep slides and direct smears of 29 gastrointestinal (GI) and 22 bronchial brushings were compared. Clinicians prepared the direct smears. The brush was then immersed in CytoLyt (Cytyc) and one ThinPrep slide made. All cases had corresponding biopsies. Smears and ThinPrep slides were screened and reviewed independently. Screening time per case was recorded. All slides were evaluated for cellularity, quality, cellular preservation, and quantity of diagnostic cells. A diagnosis was rendered for each case. Cytologic and histologic diagnoses were correlated. Follow up was obtained for cases with discrepant histologic and cytologic diagnosis. Twenty-three brushings were from esophagus, 5 stomach, 1 duodenum, and 22 lung. An average of 3.6 direct smears (range 2–6) was made for each case. Average screening time per case was 12 minutes for GI direct smear, 15 minutes bronchial direct smear, 4 minutes GI ThinPrep slide, and 9 minutes bronchial ThinPrep slide. ThinPrep slides were superior to direct smears in cellularity, quantity of diagnostic cells, and quality of slides. ThinPrep slides and direct smears showed comparable cellular preservation. The sensitivity of detecting malignancy by biopsy, direct smears, and ThinPrep slides was 81%, 75%, and 75%, respectively. One false-positive diagnosis was made on cytology with both direct smear and ThinPrep slide, a case with radiation atypia. In conclusion, ThinPrep slides are at least comparable to direct smears in cytologic examination of brushings. However, false-positive diagnosis is a possible potential pitfall.
Las Hermanas de Caridad en Tucumán. El cuidado de la salud, fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX

Desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y hasta mediados del siglo XX, las hermanas de Caridad del Huerto tuvieron una presencia muy activa en los servicios de salud tanto municipales como provinciales en Tucuman. Asi las vemos actuar en el hospital de mujeres (1876), en el hospital mixto Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes (desde 1883), luego hospital Padilla; en el hospital San Miguel (1900), en el hospital de ninos (1905), en el asilo San Roque y en el hospital Santillan. Les toco tambien desplegar su accionar en los periodos de las grandes epidemias como la del colera en 1886.El interes por estudiar la presencia de las hermanas de Caridad en su vinculacion con el cuidado de la salud, especialmente en el siglo XIX e inicios del XX, se articula con el proposito de este trabajo que se orienta al analisis en clave teorica sobre la practica de la enfermeria y de la etica del cuidado, como don voluntario, como caridad y los cuestionamientos que transformaron esta mirada a la luz de los estudios feministas.
A place for Big Data: Close and distant readings of accessions data from the Arnold Arboretum:

Place is a key concept in environmental studies and criticism. However, it is often overlooked as a dimension of situatedness in social studies of information. Rather, situatedness has been defined...
Impact of roadside ditch dredging on bacterial communities and biological contamination of a tidal creek

Abstract Tidal creek networks form the primary hydrologic link between estuaries and land-based activities on barrier islands. A possible impact from the excavation of drainage ditch systems on bacterial communities and biological contamination was studied in the water column and sediments of headwater, mid-stream, and mouth sites of the intertidal Oakdale Creek on Sapelo Island, GA. Community analysis was performed using the MiSeq Illumina platform and revealed that dredging was the cause of a significant rise in Proteobacteria, especially γ-proteobacteria. Targeted biological contaminants included fecal indicator bacteria, Enterococcus spp. (Entero-1), pathogens, Shigella spp. (ipaH), and Salmonella spp (invA), virulence associated genes (VG's) of pathogenic E. coli (eaeA, hlyD, stx1, stx2, and set1B), integrons (intI1, intI2), and tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs). Incidence and gene concentrations of Shigella spp., eaeA and set1B, and of TRGs increased 3–20 folds after the onset of dredging, and followed the dredging schedule. Principal Component Analysis suggested possible common carriers for Shigella spp., some TRGs, and the pathogenic E. coli eaeA gene. At the site of dredging, all of the above contaminants were detected at high concentrations. We concluded that excavation of roadside ditches caused significant changes in bacterial composition and a rise in incidence and concentrations of biological contaminants in the creek. The authors suggest a different approach for the maintenance of this material be explored.
An Empirical Analysis of the NCAA’s Competitive Behavior:

While the NCAA contends that its rules and regulations are necessary to ensure competitive balance on the playing fields, there is a rich theoretical literature examining why the NCAA should be con...
Vocal variation and species limits in the Sclerurus mexicanus complex

ABSTRACT Phylogeographic analyses have hypothesized that Sclerurus (Furnariidae) populations of the rufous-throated clade (S. rufigularis and S. mexicanus sensu lato) have a long history of evolutionary isolation, particularly within the S. mexicanus complex (Tawny-throated Leaftosser). Although it has long been recognized that S. mexicanus should be split into two or more species, choosing between alternative species-delimitation schemes is much less clear due to minimal understanding of phenotypic variation and distributional range limits. We explored the extent of vocal variation between all described subspecies of S. mexicanus by analyzing spectral and temporal traits of songs and calls. We found five distinct vocal groups within S. mexicanus that differ primarily in their songs' maximum frequency, pace, and note shape. Specifically, we found that mexicanus, pullus, andinus, and obscurior each are vocally distinct from one another and from a group composed of macconnelli, peruvianus, and bahiae. Song ...
Surface hypothermia predicts murine mortality in the intragastric Vibrio vulnificus infection model.

The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio vulnificus can cause severe disease in humans who consume undercooked, contaminated seafood. To study food-borne V. vulnificus disease in the laboratory, mouse virulence studies predominantly use death as the primary experimental endpoint because behaviorally based moribund status does not consistently predict lethality. This study assessed ventral surface temperature (VST) and its association with mouse survival during V. vulnificus virulence studies as an efficacious, humane alternative. VST of mice intragastrically inoculated with V. vulnificus was measured every 2-h for 24 h and data for minimal VST analyzed for prediction of lethal outcome. In contrast to the relatively stable VST of mock-infected control animals, mice infected with V. vulnificus exhibited hypothermia with minima occurring 8 to 12 h post-inoculation. The minimum VST of mice that proceeded to death was significantly lower than that of surviving mice. VST ≤ 23.5 °C was predictive of subsequent death with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 95%. Use of VST ≤ 23.5 °C as an experimental endpoint during V. vulnificus infection has potential to reduce suffering of nearly 70% of mice for a mean of 10 h per mouse, without compromising experimental efficacy. Temperature cutoff of 23.5 °C exhibited 93% positive and 77% negative predictive value. For future V. vulnificus virulence studies requiring only binary comparison (e.g., LD50 assays), we find that VST can be applied as a humane endpoint. However, use of VST is not recommended when detailed survival kinetics are desired.
Prevalence of Clostridium Difficile Infection in Patients After Radical Cystectomy and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background and objectives Clostridium Difficile is the most common cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea. This study evaluates the prevalence and predictors of Clostridium Difficile infections in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed of all patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion at a single institution from 2011-2017. Infection was documented in all cases with testing for Clostridium Difficile polymerase chain reaction toxin B. Patient and disease related factors were compared for those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs. those who did not in order to identify potential risk factors associated with C. Difficile infections. Chi squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine statistical significance. Results Of 350 patients who underwent cystectomy, 41 (11.7%) developed Clostridium Difficile in the 30 day post-operative period. The prevalence of C. Difficile infection was higher amongst the patients undergoing cystectomy compared to the non-cystectomy admissions at our hospital (11.7 vs. 2.9%). Incidence was not significantly different among those who underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer versus those who underwent the procedure for other reasons. Median time to diagnosis was 6 days (range 3-28 days). The prevalence of C. Diff infections was not significantly different among those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs. those who did not (11% vs. 10.4% p = 0.72). A significant association between C. Difficile infection was not seen with proton pump inhibitor use (p = 0.48), patient BMI (p = 0.67), chemotherapeutic regimen (p = 0.94), individual surgeon (p = 0.54), type of urinary diversion (0.41), or peri-operative antibiotic redosing (p = 0.26). Conclusions Clostridium Difficile infection has a higher prevalence in patients undergoing cystectomy. No significant association between prevalence and exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seen.
Experimental investigation of Phase Change Materials for thermal management of handheld devices

Abstract The trend of enhanced functionality and reducing size of mobile devices has led to a rapid increase in power density and a potential thermal bottleneck since thermal limits of components remain unchanged. Active cooling mechanisms are not feasible due to size, weight, and cost constraints. This work explores the feasibility of a passive cooling system based on Phase Change Materials (PCMs) for thermal management of mobile devices. The PCMs stabilize device temperatures due to the latent heat of phase change, thus increasing the operating time of the device before threshold temperatures are exceeded. The primary contribution of this work is the experimental evaluation of key parameters which influence the design of a PCM based thermal management system. In situ measurements with PCMs as a passive thermal management solution demonstrate that a significant extension in the time that the processor can run at full power before the processing power would need to be throttled to prevent damage.
ELECTROMAGNETIC PHENOMENA IN METALS PROCESSING OPERATIONS

This paper briefly reviews some applications of electromagnetics in materials processing and how mathematical modelling can be used to gain insight into these systems. Some computational results are provided which show free surface evolution in an electromagnetically stirred melt, flow in a tundish, and the deformation of a levitated droplet. An important issue is the need for closer interaction between electromagnetic, fluid flow, and materials specialists.
The t-J Model at Small t/J: Numerical, Perturbative and Supersymmetric Results

We discuss some recent results for one-and two-hole states in the t-J model at small t/J. These include numerical results (bandwidth determinations and accurate t/J values for 4 x 4 lattice one-hole ground-state level crossings), hopping-parameter perturbation theory (which gives the small-t/J one-hole bandwidth in terms of the static-vacancy ground state), and results at the supersymmetric point t/J = 1/2 (exact results for energies and bandwidths). The perturbative results lead us to a new conjecture regarding the staggered magnetization of higher-spin states in the two-dimensional Heisenberg model. We also discuss extrapolation of small-t/J results to high-Tc parameter values; in the two-hole ground states we find (t/J)λ behavior in the rms hole-hole separation, and an extrapolation to t/J = 3 gives a bulk-limit rms hole-hole separation of ≈ 7A