cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Usage and Impact of Information and Communication Technologies in Healthcare Delivery

This paper discusses two aspects of the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in healthcare: first, the prevalence of using tables and laptop computers by physicians during clini...
Attachment and Parent-Adolescent Discrepancies in Reports of Family Functioning among Suicidal Adolescents

The current study examined parent-adolescent discrepancies in reports of family functioning and their relation to attachment styles, depressive symptomatology, and suicidal ideation in a diverse sample of adolescents (49.7% African American, 15.5% Hispanic/Latino, 28.7% White, 81.9% female). Participants were 129 adolescents (ages 12–18) and one caregiver (79% mothers). Adolescents had met inclusion criteria in a Randomized Clinical Trial for depressed and suicidal adolescents. Measures of family functioning, symptoms, and attachment styles were assessed at baseline prior to treatment. On average, adolescents reported less family cohesion compared to caregivers (t (127) = −3.01, p = 0.003) but similar levels of family conflict (p> 0.05). Polynomial regression models demonstrated that avoidant attachment styles with mother figures were associated with adolescent-reported family conflict when parents reported low family conflict (b = 0.79, SE = 0.24, p < 0.01). It is possible that avoidant attachment styles are linked to mistuned patterns of communication that in turn, enhance differing views of family conflict. Conversely, an avoidant attachment style may be maintained when adolescents perceive family conflict that is not validated by their caregiver. This study supports and extends previous findings that discrepant views of family functioning indicate problems in the parent-adolescent relationship. Findings are consistent with research demonstrating the clinical relevance of informant discrepancies beyond information obtained from only one respondent’s report.
Study of the ferromagnetic quantum phase transition in Ce3–xMgxCo9

The Ce3−xMgxCo9 system evolves from a Pauli paramagnetic ground state for x = 0 to a ferromagnetic ground state for x≈0.80 in single-phase, polycrystalline samples [Lamichhane, V. Taufour, A. Palas...
The Potential Role of Preoperative Pain, Catastrophizing, and Differential Gene Expression on Pain Outcomes after Pediatric Spinal Fusion

Abstract Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is one of the most common spinal deformities in children and adolescents requiring extensive surgical intervention. Due to the nature of surgery, spinal fusion increases their risk of experiencing persistent postsurgical pain. Up to 20% of adolescents report pain for months or years after corrective spinal fusion surgery. Aims To examine the influence of preoperative psychosocial factors and mRNA expression profiles on persistent postoperative pain in adolescents undergoing corrective spinal fusion surgery. Design Prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Setting Two freestanding academic children’s hospitals. Methods Utilizing a longitudinal approach, adolescents were evaluated at baseline (preoperatively) and postoperatively at ±1 month and ±4-6 months. Self-report of pain scores, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Child, and whole blood for RNA sequencing analysis were obtained at each time point. Results Of the adolescents enrolled in the study, 36% experienced persistent pain at final postoperative follow-up. The most significant predictors of persistent pain included preoperative pain severity and helplessness. Gene expression analysis identified HLA-DRB3 as having increased expression in children who experienced persistent pain postoperatively, as opposed to those whose pain resolved. A prospective validation study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings. Conclusions While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is not often classified as a painful condition, providers must be cognizant of pre-existing pain and anxiety that may precipitate a negative recovery trajectory. Policy and practice change are essential for early identification and subsequent intervention.
Vector Fields, Lie Derivatives, Integral Curves, and Flows

Our goal in this chapter is to generalize the concept of a vector field to manifolds and to promote some standard results about ordinary differential equations to manifolds.
Spirotrichonymphea (Parabasalia) symbionts of the termite Paraneotermes simplicicornis.

Abstract The desert dampwood termite Paraneotermes simplicicornis harbors several species of obligately symbiotic protists that support its nutrition by fermenting lignocellulose. Among them are three morphotypes with the dexiotropic spiraling flagellar bands characteristic of Spirotrichonymphea (Parabasalia). The largest morphotype, characterized by an elongated cell apex with axial columella and internally positioned spiraling flagellar bands, was previously described as Spirotrichonympha polygyra. A smaller morphotype, with similarly internalized flagellar bands but a more rounded posterior without a protruding axostyle, was previously reported but not named. The smallest morphotype has surface flagellar bands and can attach to other protist cells by its apex. In this study, we combine light microscopy of live specimens and 18S rRNA gene sequencing of individually isolated cells to better understand the diversity of symbionts in P. simplicicornis. We found that S. polygyra branches distantly from true Spirotrichonympha, which are associated with Reticulitermes termites. Thus, we propose the new genus Cuppa to accommodate C. polygyra n. comb. (type species) and the similar but smaller morphotype Cuppa taenia n. sp. The undescribed smallest morphotype can be excluded from all previously described Spirotrichonymphea genera by molecular and behavioral evidence, so we propose Fraterculus simplicicornis n. gen., n. sp., to accommodate this organism.
Racial differences in hospitalizations associated with COVID-19 in patients with cancer

122Background: Reports concerning possible racial disparities in Covid-19 illness severity and health consequences for U.S. minority population have been emerging. Similar data for patients with ca...
Exosomes: New Advances in the Translational Potential of the “Garbage Bag”

Bidirectional cell-cell communication via paracrine mechanisms involving nano-sized extracellular vesicles have emerged as a predominant mechanism of cellular signaling. Unlike other shedding vesicles of similar size, exosomes selectively package their cargo using defined mechanisms within the cells. Recent research on exosome signaling describes a messenger-recipient cell dichotomy. The heterogeneous origin of exosome populations, although previously described, has as-yet been incompletely characterized using this dichotomy and thus does not currently provide a complete understanding of exosome populations. In this work, we outline the fundamentally bidirectional nature of exosomes and replace this dichotomy with a messenger-recipient-effector network formed by repackaging and rerelease events. This network further confounds the determination of messenger cell identity among an already heterogeneous exosome population and has major implications for future clinical application. Redefining the axiom of exosome signaling provides a route for future research to consider a multi-system-based approach and underscores a need for enhanced identification methods. This shift also has implications for the use of exosomes as therapeutic agents. Exosome biogenesis and its manipulation will be crucial for the development of curative endogenous exosomes and their synthetic, exogenously produced counterparts. Directed cargo loading, optimal shell composition, and robust production platforms are just some of the design aspects that need to be considered. As tissue-specific therapeutic agents, exosome design will also need to incorporate repackaging mechanics to prevent off-target effects and increase efficacy. A comprehensive current understanding of exosome biogenesis mechanisms amidst the heterogenous EV population will propel the field towards clinical viability.
Why Did The Chicken Cross The Hip Joint

INTRODUCTION The typical pathogens causing osteomyelitis infections in children under 4 years old are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Kingella kingae. This case presents nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) right hip osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in a healthy child. Salmonella osteomyelitis constitutes only 0.45% of osteomyelitis cases amongst immunocompetent children without hemoglobinopathies. CASE REPORT 2-year-old male with history of perirectal abscess presented with three days of fever and right lower extremity pain. History revealed RLQ abdominal pain and emesis one day prior to admission (PTA) and he played in chicken water trough two weeks PTA. Patient was febrile and tachycardic. Labs notable for …
An algorithm for objective analysis of grainflow morphology

Abstract Grainflows produce temporary geomorphological signatures on the slipfaces of aeolian dunes, and are a fundamental agency by which dunes migrate. The purpose of this study is to present an algorithm to objectively and efficiently delineate grainflow boundaries by processing Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) in Matlab and ArcGIS. Grainflows can be identified by analyzing temporal changes in slipface elevation, and the morphology can be extracted by defining the boundary that encloses the area of movement. The method allows large numbers of grainflows to be quickly and objectively delineated and extracted from LiDAR data. The process avoids the subjective nature of manual measurement, thereby improving the commensurability of different grainflow regimes in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. The algorithm is presented here in the context of analyzing grainflows and related processes on the slipfaces of dunes, but it is applicable over the broader scope of other forms of slope failure and geophysical flows, such as avalanches, snowslides, landslides, and debris flows.
Factors Affecting the Availability of Abortion Providers

This study, using state data, empirically examines the factors affecting the availability of abortion providers over the period 1992–2011. The empirical results found that the labor force participa...
A New Pathway for Forming Acetate and Synthesizing ATP during Fermentation in Bacteria

Many bacteria and other organisms carry out fermentations forming acetate. These fermentations have broad importance for foods, agriculture, and industry. They also are important for bacteria themselves because they often generate ATP. Here, we found a biochemical pathway for forming acetate and synthesizing ATP that was unknown in fermentative bacteria. We found that the bacterium Cutibacterium granulosum formed acetate during fermentation of glucose. It did not use phosphotransacetylase or acetate kinase, enzymes found in nearly all acetate-forming bacteria. Instead, it used a pathway involving two different enzymes. The first enzyme, succinyl coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA):acetate CoA-transferase (SCACT), forms acetate from acetyl-CoA. The second enzyme, succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS), synthesizes ATP. We identified the genes encoding these enzymes, and they were homologs of SCACT and SCS genes found in other bacteria. The pathway resembles one described in eukaryotes, but it uses bacterial, not eukaryotic, gene homologs. To find other instances of the pathway, we analyzed sequences of all biochemically characterized homologs of SCACT and SCS (103 enzymes from 64 publications). Homologs with similar enzymatic activity had similar sequences, enabling a large-scale search for them in genomes. We searched nearly 600 genomes of bacteria known to form acetate, and we found that 6% encoded homologs with SCACT and SCS activity. This included >30 species belonging to 5 different phyla, showing that a diverse range of bacteria encode the SCACT/SCS pathway. This work suggests the SCACT/SCS pathway is important for acetate formation in many branches of the tree of life. IMPORTANCE Pathways for forming acetate during fermentation have been studied for over 80 years. In that time, several pathways in a range of organisms, from bacteria to animals, have been described. However, one pathway (involving succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase and succinyl-CoA synthetase) has not been reported in prokaryotes. Here, we discovered enzymes for this pathway in the fermentative bacterium Cutibacterium granulosum. We also found >30 other fermentative bacteria that encode this pathway, demonstrating that it could be common. This pathway represents a new way for bacteria to form acetate from acetyl-CoA and synthesize ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. It could be a target for controlling yield of acetate during fermentation, with relevance for foods, agriculture, and industry.
The Side Hustle Safety Net: Precarious Workers and Gig Work during COVID-19

While social distancing measures are essential in limiting the impact of a pandemic, such measures are often less feasible for low-income groups such as precarious workers who continue to travel on...
Differential Effects of FAK and FGFR Inhibitors on Motility and Proliferation of L1-Positive versus L1-Negative Glioblastoma Cells

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly invasive astrocytoma, is the deadliest form of brain cancer. Glioblastoma cells express the L1CAM cell adhesion protein (L1), which is cleaved at the cell su...
A dual-mode 802.11b/Bluetooth receiver in 0.25/spl mu/m BiCMOS

A dual-mode direct-conversion 802.11b/Bluetooth receiver is integrated from LNA to ADC in a 0.25/spl mu/m BiCMOS process. The baseband circuits are programmable to accommodate both standards while the RF front-end is shared. Die area is 21 mm/sup 2/, and the IC consumes 45.6/41.3mA (802.11b/Bluetooth). Sensitivity is -86/-91dBm and IIP3 is -13/-13dBm.
Wheels in the Head: Educational Philosophies of Authority, Freedom, and Culture From Socrates to Human Rights

In this popular text Joel Spring provocatively analyzes the ideas of traditional and non-traditional philosophies from Confucianism to human rights regarding the contribution of education to the creation of a democratic society. The goal is to explore how governments use education to control and manage their populations, and to examine forms of education that claim to free people from authoritarian control. A critically original work, it is widely used as a text for courses on philosophical, social, political, and historical foundations of education, and critical issues in education. Reflecting its global relevance, a Chinese translation was published by the University of Peking Press in 2005. New in the third edition: * Expanded analysis of the use of education by authoritarian states * Revisions to more clearly relate educational ideas to the theme of "wheels in the head" - a phrase coined by philosopher Max Stirner - to describe the use of schools by modern governments to control their citizens * New sections on liberation education and on human rights education
MEMS enabled reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces: design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement

Frequency selective surfaces have typically been static and used in applications with fixed frequencies. However, certain applications could benefit from a reconfigurable frequency response. The frequency response of an FSS can be tuned by rotating the elements off of the surface of the supporting dielectric. MEMS technology is utilized in this project to achieve this goal. Samples have been designed, simulated, fabricated and measured at UCLA demonstrating this technology.
Is There a Role for the Library in a Student-Faculty Collaborative Research Program?

ABSTRACT With unique historical resources, academic archives can and should play an active role in support of the teaching and research missions of a college. Not only can archival teaching and collaborative learning teach students the importance of primary resources and how to use them but they also can provide support for the archives. Through partnership with faculty and students, the collaborative research program at Rollins College provides a viable means for enhancing the awareness and use of the unique historical collections, and, therefore, enriching students' appreciation of the liberal arts heritage of the institution while also providing students with a meaningful research experience.
Reporting BRCA test results to primary care physicians

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to determine if comprehension of the cancer risk information presented in a hypothetical report for BRCA1/2 gene analyses was influenced by the format in which the information was presented. A secondary objective was to determine physician characteristics that might influence comprehension of the report. Methods: A survey was conducted in which a case vignette describing a young woman at high risk for carrying a BRCA mutation was presented. Survey participants, all primary care practitioners, were asked to interpret a laboratory report that provided the patient's BRCA1/2 test result and accompanying data about the cumulative risk and incidence rates of breast cancer for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and the general population. These data were presented in the report in either a tabular or a graphic format. The main outcome was measured by the responses to four questions that addressed the probabilistic cancer risk information. Physician predictor variables included medical specialty, practice setting, years in practice, continuing medical education in genetics, and knowledge of cumulative risk. Results: Knowledge of cumulative risk was the only physician variable that influenced comprehension of the cancer risk information (OR = 31.9;P < 0.001). After adjusting for this variable, the graphic format tended to perform better than the tabular format in conveying breast cancer risk information (OR = 3.1;P = 0.102). Conclusions: Many physicians may be unprepared to interpret genetic risk information, due to lack of understanding of basic epidemiologic terms used to express the risk of disease.
Observational Study of a Convective Internal Boundary Layer over Lake Michigan

Abstract Using aircraft data collected during the University of Chicago Lake-Effect Snow Storm project, the results of a case study of the convective thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) over Lake Michigan are presented. An intense cold air outbreak on 20 January 1984 featured a rapid growth of the convective TIBL thickness and the concurrent development of cloud and snow. The average slope of the TIBL top over a fetch of 123.7 km was 1.0%. Microphysical characteristics of cloud and snow along with the TIBL development are also presented. Results of the TIBL integrated budgets of heat and total water (including cloud and snow water) are given in detail. Over the surface of Lake Michigan the average downward snow flux (snow precipitation rate) was 0.79 mm (water) per day. The average sensible and latent heat fluxes at the water surface were 323 and 248 W m−2, respectively. About 13 percent of the total warming of this cloud-topped TIBL was due to radiation.
The case for anomalous link detection

In this paper, we describe the challenges inherent to the Link Prediction (LP) problem in multirelational data mining, and explore the reasons why many LP models have performed poorly. We present the alternate (and complimentary) task of Anomalous Link Discovery (ALD) and qualitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of simple LP models for the ALD task.
Calculated and observed climate change in the thermosphere, and a prediction for solar cycle 24

[1] The long-term change of thermospheric neutral density has been investigated using satellite drag measurements and through sensitivity studies using upper atmosphere general circulation models. The magnitude of the change has been quantified in both approaches, and the source of the secular change attributed to the concentration changes of greenhouse gases. In this study, we use CO2 concentration measured at Mauna Loa Observatory and solar variation based on a proxy model to calculate the secular change of thermosphere neutral density for the last three decades, using a global mean upper atmosphere model. Our results show that the average density decrease at 400 km from 1970 to 2000 is 1.7% per decade. To quantify the impact of solar activity on the secular change of neutral density, we also calculated the long-term density change under solar minimum and solar maximum conditions for the same time period. The average trends at 350 km and 450 km are 2.2% per decade and 2.9% per decade for solar minimum conditions, while at solar maximum, they are 0.7% per decade and 0.8% per decade, respectively. These model results are compared to estimates of thermosphere density change derived from satellite drag observations, showing good agreement. In addition, based on a recent forecast of the intensity of solar cycle 24, we predict that the long-term change of thermospheric neutral density from 2006 to the end of solar cycle 24 will be ∼2.7% per decade at 400 km.
Assessment of error propagation in ultraspectral sounder data via JPEG2000 compression and turbo coding

Research has been undertaken to examine the robustness of JPEG2000 when corrupted by transmission bit errors in a satellite data stream. Contemporary and future ultraspectral sounders such as Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS), and Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) generate a large volume of three-dimensional data. Hence, compression of ultraspectral sounder data will facilitate data transmission and archiving. There is a need for lossless or near-lossless compression of ultraspectral sounder data to avoid potential retrieval degradation of geophysical parameters due to lossy compression. This paper investigates the simulated error propagation in AIRS ultraspectral sounder data with advanced source and channel coding in a satellite data stream. The source coding is done via JPEG2000, the latest International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard for image compression. After JPEG2000 compression the AIRS ultraspectral sounder data is then error correction encoded using a rate 0.954 turbo product code (TPC) for channel error control. Experimental results of error patterns on both channel and source decoding are presented. The error propagation effects are curbed via the block-based protection mechanism in the JPEG2000 codec as well as memory characteristics of the forward error correction (FEC) scheme to contain decoding errors within received blocks. A single nonheader bit error in a source code block tends to contaminate the bits until the end of the source code block before the inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT), and those erroneous bits propagate even further after the IDWT. Furthermore, a single header bit error may result in the corruption of almost the entire decompressed granule. JPEG2000 appears vulnerable to bit errors in a noisy channel of satellite transmission, and thus has difficulty to preserve the quality of ultraspectral sounder data. A channel decoded bit error rate (BER) of 10-11 or better may be necessary for a granule error rate of 0.00116 in a compressed ultraspectral sounder data stream that is transmitted in a satellite channel. This work at The Aerospace Corporation and the University of Wisconsin, CIMSS, was under separate contracting from and performed for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), a component of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
A simplified prediction of Kic from tensile data

Abstract A previously developed theory of fracture toughness is extended so that the plane strain fracture toughness K IC may be calculated by a simple integration of uniaxial tensile data. K IC values calculated by this procedure are within 3 per cent of the values obtained by the previous theory for the materials considered.
The transition of deep brain stimulation from disease specific to symptom specific indications

The success of chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) and electrical neuro-network modulation (ENM) to address neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders has led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and also other worldwide regulatory agencies to grant approval for the use of DBS in specific disorders. In the United States, DBS is FDA approved for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor (ET), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and for dystonia. OCD and dystonia have been approved under a mechanism referred to as a humanitarian device exemption (HDE). However, as the field of DBS and ENM evolve there has been a shift in practice patterns from targeting diseases to targeting specific and disabling symptoms. This shift has been driving interdisciplinary DBS boards to collect, and to address symptom profiles in all potential DBS candidates. Based on a specific symptom profile, a strategic and personalized medicine approach can be undertaken. The personalized approach will take into consideration the brain target, a unilateral versus a bilateral procedure, and the potential for use of more than one DBS lead per brain hemisphere. Additionally, a personalized approach to DBS will also facilitate improved pre-operative medication adjustments, as well as optimal post-operative medication, behavioral, and device management.
Approaching Management Development for Black Managers

The area of race in management and management development is one which has received relatively little attention, certainly in comparison with, for example, the attention given to gender issues in organisations. In the UK attention has been directed towards Equal Opportunities legislation and policies at organisational levels rather than at the experience of black managers per se. This article grows from an approach to consider how the developmental needs of black managers could best be met.
Brain-friendly amperometric enzyme biosensor based on encapsulated oxygen generating biomaterial

A novel first-generation Clark-type biosensor platform that can eliminate the oxygen dependence has been presented. Sufficient oxygen to drive the enzymatic reaction under hypoxic conditions was produced by encapsulated oxygen generating biomaterial, calcium peroxide. The catalase immobilized in chitosan matrix was coated on top of the groove to decompose residual hydrogen peroxide to oxygen. A glucose biosensor was developed on the proposed platform as proof of concept. Under hypoxic conditions, developed glucose biosensors maintained their sensitivity response around 84% of their response at oxygen tension of 151mmHg. The sensitivity deviation was less than 5.3% with the oxygen tension traversed from 0 to 57 mmHg. Under oxygen tension of 8.3mmHg, the sensitivity of 37.130nA/mM and the linear coefficient of R2=0.9968 were obtained with the glucose concentration varying from 0.05 to 10mM. This new platform is particularly attractive for injured brain monitoring.
Student Listening Gains in the Basic Communication Course: A Comparison of Self-Report and Performance-Based Competence Measures∗

Direct listening instruction is a frequent component of basic communication courses. Research has found changes in self-perceived listening competence during a basic communication course and only a minimal relationship between self-perceived and performance-based measures of listening and other communication behaviors. Results of the present study suggest that students' self-perceived listening competence increased, but there was no change in performance-based measures of student listening behavior between the beginning and end of a hybrid basic communication course. Results also show that self-report and performance-based measures are related at the end of the course but not at the beginning. Several implications of these results for basic course and listening instruction are discussed.
Fast non-uniform deblurring using constrained camera pose subspace

where Kθ is the matrix that warps latent image L to the transformed copy at a sampled pose θ and S denotes the set of sampled camera poses. While these algorithms show promising results, they entail high computational cost as the high-dimensional camera motion space and the latent image have to be computed during the iterative optimization procedures. In this paper, we propose a fast single-image deblurring algorithm to remove non-uniform blur. We first introduce an initialization method that facilitates convergence and avoid local minimums of the formulated optimization problem. We then propose a new camera motion estimation method which optimizes on a small set of pose weights of a constrained camera pose subspace at a time rather than using the entire space. We develop an iterative method to refine the camera motion estimation and introduce perturbation at each iteration to obtain robust solutions. Fig. 1 summarizes the main steps of our method.
Lemon Oil Analysis. I. Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography

SUMMARY Recent refinements in thin-layer chromatography (TLC) provide the analytical chemist with an inexpensive, convenient, and rapid method for obtaining basic information on the condition of cold-pressed citrus oil samples. Simple TLC distinguished lemon and lime oils from all other citrus oils. Two-dimensional TLC was used to distinguish between lemon and lime oils. Distilled lemon oils were characterized by their deficiency of UV fluorescence.
Relativistic black hole-neutron star binaries in quasiequilibrium: Effects of the black hole excision boundary condition

We construct new models of black hole-neutron star binaries in quasiequilibrium circular orbits by solving Einstein's constraint equations in the conformal thin-sandwich decomposition together with the relativistic equations of hydrostationary equilibrium. We adopt maximal slicing, assume spatial conformal flatness, and impose equilibrium boundary conditions on an excision surface (i.e., the apparent horizon) to model the black hole. In our previous treatment we adopted a ``leading-order'' approximation for a parameter related to the black hole spin in these boundary conditions to construct approximately nonspinning black holes. Here we improve on the models by computing the black hole's quasilocal spin angular momentum and setting it to zero. As before, we adopt a polytropic equation of state with adiabatic index $\ensuremath{\Gamma}=2$ and assume the neutron star to be irrotational. In addition to recomputing several sequences for comparison with our earlier results, we study a wider range of neutron star masses and binary mass ratios. To locate the innermost stable circular orbit we search for turning points along both the binding energy and total angular momentum curves for these sequences. Unlike for our previous approximate boundary condition, these two minima now coincide. We also identify the formation of cusps on the neutron star surface, indicating the onset of tidal disruption. Comparing these two critical binary separations for different mass ratios and neutron star compactions we distinguish those regions that will lead to a tidal disruption of the neutron star from those that will result in the plunge into the black hole of a neutron star more or less intact, albeit distorted by tidal forces.
Approximation algorithms for k-unit cyclic solutions in robotic cells

Abstract This paper considers the problem of scheduling operations in bufferless robotic cells that produce identical parts. Finding a multi-unit cyclic solution which minimizes the long-run average time to produce a part is an open problem. Most research has been focused on finding an optimal 1-unit cyclic solution. However, it is known that an optimal multi-unit cyclic solution can be better than an optimal 1-unit cyclic solution for cells with four or more machines. We present polynomial algorithms that produce multi-unit cyclic solutions whose per unit cycle times are within a constant factor of the optimum for the three most common classes of robotic cells viz., additive, constant, and Euclidean travel-time. The approximation guarantees obtained for these three classes of cells are 1.5, 1.5, and 4, respectively. As a by-product, we obtain upper bounds on the difference in the per unit cycle times between an optimal multi-unit cycle and an optimal 1-unit cycle for each of these three classes of cells.
A cast core system with interlocking posts

Endodontically treated multirooted posterior teeth can be predictably and conservatively restored by using a combination of cast cores and multiple narrow-diameter, parallel serrated stainless steel posts.
Hacking into the Minds of Hackers

This study presents results of a survey of self-proclaimed computer hackers about their perceptions in regards to illegal hacking. Results show that hackers continue to engage in illegal hacking activities despite the perception of severe judicial punishment. A closer look shows that hackers perceive a high utility value from hacking, little informal sanctions, and a low likelihood of punishment. These perceptions coupled with a high level of moral disengagement partially explain the hacker's illegal behavior.
Impulses in Slowly Conducting Vagal Fibers from Afferent Endings in the Veins, Atria, and Arteries of Dogs and Cats

Afferent impulses in 61 fine myelinated or unmyelinated vagal fibers arising from endings in large blood vessels ("vascular endings") were recorded in anesthetized dogs and cats. The endings had a sparse, irregular spontaneous discharge, or they were quiescent. They were stimulated by capsaicin, phenyl diguanide, or veratridine injected into the bloodstream but not by sodium cyanide or hypoxia. Unlike arterial baroreceptors and atrial receptors, which are concentrated in localized areas, vascular endings were widely distributed in the thoracic aorta, the pulmonary artery, the brachiocephalic artery, the splenic artery, the atriovenous junctions, the atrial appendages, the inferior vena cava, and the hepatic vein. Conduction velocity in 28 fibers ranged from 0.8 to 11.0 m/sec (mean 3.1 m/sec), and in 19 of these fibers the velocity was less than 2.5 m/sec (i.e., the fibers were C-fibers). Vascular endings were stimulated by distending the vessels with balloons. Endings in the pulmonary artery and the aorta did not respond to pressures within the physiological range, but they were stimulated by abnormally high pressures (pulmonary artery 60-110 mm Hg, aorta 200-215 mm Hg). The physiological role of the vascular endings is unknown.
Targeting recovery: Priorities of the spinal cord-injured population

In the United States alone, there are more than 200,000 individuals living with a chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Healthcare for these individuals creates a significant economic burden for the country, not to mention the physiological, psychological, and social suffering these people endure everyday. Regaining partial function can lead to greater independence, thereby improving quality of life. To ascertain what functions are most important to the SCI population, in regard to enhancing quality of life, a novel survey was performed in which subjects were asked to rank seven functions in order of importance to their quality of life. The survey was distributed via email, postal mail, the internet, interview, and word of mouth to the SCI community at large. A total of 681 responses were completed. Regaining arm and hand function was most important to quadriplegics, while regaining sexual function was the highest priority for paraplegics. Improving bladder and bowel function was of shared importance to both injury groups. A longitudinal analysis revealed only slight differences between individuals injured 3 years. The majority of participants indicated that exercise was important to functional recovery, yet more than half either did not have access to exercise or did not have access to a trained therapist to oversee that exercise. In order to improve the relevance of research in this area, the concerns of the SCI population must be better known and taken into account. This approach is consistent with and emphasized by the new NIH roadmap to discovery.
Assessment of nonpathological personality styles of policemen

A total of 24 normal personality characteristics of 67 policemen were investigated with The Personal Styles Inventory. The concurrent validity of the composite profile of this sample was significant (r = 0.45, p = 0.05) as evaluated by its correlation with a composite “ideal” policeman profile constructerd from staff judgments of the importance of each of the 24 characteristics for effective police work. Salient attributes were (1) showing restraint in terms of emotional expressiveness without being eiter overly enthusiastic or reserved; (2) being a disciplined team worker without being overly dependent on others; and (3) having a realistic and pragmatic thinking style without being disdainful of authority. These results contrast with findings of research studies that have used personality tests oriented more toward assessing psychopathology.
Elution of antibody from red blood cells using xylene--a superior method

Chan-Shu and Blair's findings that xylene produces a strongly reactive eluate from red blood cells have been confirmed and extended. Alloantibodies of 21 different blood group specificities and red blood cells sensitized in vivo, including ABO sensitization of babies' blood, were tested. The xylene method produced stronger reacting eluates than the modified ether method in 70 per cent of the tests. Ether, acid, and heat methods never produced significantly stronger eluates than did xylene. Ether eluates prepared from red blood cells sensitized with anti-S and anti-s were nonreactive, but the same cells yielded easily detectable anti-S and anti-s when xylene eluates were prepared. The xylene method is sensitive and simple. In addition, xylene is not subject to such stringent control of storage conditions by inspection agencies as is ether.
Impact induced phase transformation in shape memory alloys

Abstract A dynamic analysis is given of the impact induced phase transformation in a shape-memory alloy rod, with a special focus on the propagation of stress waves and phase transformation fronts in the rod. The material behavior of the shape-memory alloy is modelled by a thermomechanical constitutive theory developed by Lagoudas et al. (1996: A unified thermodynamic constitutive model for SMA and finite element analysis of active metal matrix composites. Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures 3, 153–179), which is based on the formulation of Gibbs free energy that depends on, among other variables, the martensitic volume fraction and the transformation strain, along with evolution equations derived from a dissipation potential theory. Field equations and jump conditions of the fully coupled thermal-mechanical problem are derived to account for balances of linear momentum and energy. The equations are solved using the method of characteristic curves. The solutions are found to be associated with shocks, across which various field quantities suffer jump discontinuities. A typical solution involves two wave fronts which are initiated at the impact surface and propagate into the rod. One, travelling at the acoustic speed, separates the tranquil and disturbed regions. The other, travelling at a lower speed, separates the regions of the martensitic and austenitic phases. It is found that the stress and temperature jumps across the phase boundary can be significant. A numerical example is presented.
THE CHANGING CURRICULUM ORIENTATIONS OF STUDENTS AT BLACK LAND GRANT COLLEGES: A Shift-Share Approach

Using data published by the U.S. Office of Education, shift-share analysis is used to examine changes in the number and proportion of bachelor's degrees awarded in seven curriculum areas in the historically black and the historically white land grant colleges in the South between 1967 and 1977. Our guiding hypothesis suggested that recent pressure brought by the federal government to enhance programs at black land grant colleges coupled with the opening-up of a wide spectrum of traditionally white occupations would result in a broadening of the areas of study pursued by students at the black land grant colleges. Results show that, in general, students are pursuing a wider range of curriculums in the black land grant schools than in the past. Especially notable are increases in business, engineering, and the social sciences, while the number of education degrees has declined dramatically.
SNiPer 500K: A Novel SNP Genotype Calling Algorithm

The fast development in high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technology provides unprecedented power for genome-wide SNP association studies. However, inaccurate genotyping can lead to false association between markers and phenotype. We introduce a new SNP genotyping scheme, SNiPer 500K, for Affymetrix 500K GeneChip. SNiPer 500K designs a parametric classifier for each SNP, by using expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the parameters. A quality index provided by SNiPer 500K shows that it can reliably genotype about 65% of all SNPs, with superior call rate, better Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and reproducibility. SNiPer 500K provides a good balance between coverage and accuracy for high-throughput SNP genotyping and would prove to be an invaluable tool for genome-wide association study
The time relationships of migraine and cluster headache when occurring in the same patient.

SYNOPSIS Of 1,688 patients with migraine or cluster headache, 16 (one percent) had a history of both. In 14 of the 16 patients, migraine occurred first and was either replaced by cluster headache (7 patients) or continued during the years of cluster headache (7 patients). In one patient, migraine and cluster headache began at the same time and in one patient, cluster headache preceded migraine. A review of the literature reveals a similar sequence of migraine almost always preceding cluster headache when the two occur in the same patient. The relationships between migraine and cluster headache are discussed. In rare instances, cluster headache appears to evolve from migraine.
From Ginzburg–Landau to Hilbert–Einstein via Yamabe

Abstract In this paper, based on some mathematical results obtained by Yamabe, Osgood, Phillips and Sarnak, we demonstrate that in dimensions three and higher the famous Ginzburg–Landau equations used in the theory of phase transitions can be obtained (without any approximations) by minimization of the Riemannian-type Hilbert–Einstein action functional for pure gravity in the presence of cosmological term. We use this observation in order to bring to completion the work by Lifshitz (done in 1941) on group-theoretical refinements of the Landau theory of phase transitions. In addition, this observation allows us to develop a systematic extension to higher dimensions of known string-theoretic path integral methods developed for calculation of observables in two-dimensional conformal field theories.
Chemotherapy of Nb rat adenocarcinoma of the prostate heterotransplanted into congenitally athymic (nude) mice: report of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide.

Abstract The desirability of an animal model of human prostatic adenocarcinoma is based on major theoretical and practical considerations. The Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinoma is induced by implantation of hormones, testosterone, and estrogen in young rats and mimics the human condition with respect to hormone dependence, histology, and obstruction of the urinary tract. These Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinomas have been heterotransplanted into athymic (nude) mice and provide a useful model to evaluate chemotherapy. Herein is reported preliminary experience with the use of cyclosphosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil on these tumors.
Equilibrium of magnetic fields with arbitrary interweaving of the lines of force. I - Discontinuities in the torsion

Consideration is given to the static force-free equilibrium of a magnetic field in which all of the lines of force connect without knotting between parallel planes. The field is formed by continuous deformation from an initial uniform field, and is conventiently described in terms of the scalar function psi, which is the stream function for the incompressible wrapping and interweaving of the lines of force. Local compression and expansion of the lines of force is described in terms of the scalar function Phi. Equilibrium in the field requires satisfaction of two independent equations which cannot be accomplished without the full freedom of both psi and Phi. It is shown that discontinuities in the torsional characteristics of the lines occur when psi is predetermined by an arbitrary pattern. Discontinuities in the winding pattern of the lines can lead to discontinuities in the associated current sheets.
Do people prefer to pass along good or bad news? Valence and relevance of news as predictors of transmission propensity

Abstract Anecdotal evidence seems to indicate that exaggeratedly bad news may propagate in the marketplace of ideas. Three studies investigate whether people prefer to pass along pieces of bad news or good news that are equated for “surprisingness.” People typically prefer to pass along central rather than extreme information (i.e., news that is less surprising rather than more surprising). However, when confronted with extreme information, the results support a preference forcongruence,that is, people prefer to pass along news that is congruent with the emotional valence of the domain in question. This means that in emotionally negative domains, contrary to some theoretical predictions, people are willing to pass along bad news even when it is exaggeratedly bad. At the same time, however, people transmit exaggeratedly good news in emotionally positive domains. The general discussion indicates how these results may inform research on word of mouth for consumer products and social relations in organizations.
Overlapping clusters of tuberculosis contacts : An improved sampling strategy

A two stage without replacement strategy is proposed for estimating the population mean of overlapping clusters of contacts of tuberculosis cases. This sampling strategy is an improvement over the two sampling strategies proposed by SINGH (1988). A numerical illustration is provided by taking two populations of tuberculosis contacts from New York City; the percentage gain in efficiency varies from 3.70 to 24.99. The proposed improved sampling strategy may be useful to other contagious diseases in the different fields of biomedical sciences or similar situations in other fields.
Examining suicide from a life span perspective

Abstract Developed from a life span perspective, the suicide-trajectory model includes four categories of risk factors: biological, psychological, cognitive, and environmental. These four risk factors interact with each other, lending their relative weights to the development of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation may then lead to warning signs and triggering events, followed by attempted suicide. It is possible to predict certain normative events or crises that may make suicide a more likely choice. Because these normative events vary by age and developmental level, an understanding of life span development is helpful to the student of suicide. The suicide-trajectory model provides a framework for systematically examining each life stage and evaluating a given individual's potential for suicide as revealed by the variables in the model.
Fiber-optic displacement sensor with temporally separated signal and reference channels

A fiber-optic displacement sensor with temporally separated signal and reference channels is proposed. The sensing technique used is based on determining the relative amplitude of the signal and reference pulses that together form a double pulse. The relative amplitude of the pulses in the double pulse is a function of the displacement. A setup to generate the double pulse with individual pulses of 5-ns duration and 10-ns delay is described. A novel signal processing technique, used to determine the relative amplitude of such pulses in the double pulse by analyzing different portions of the signal spectrum, is explained. Experimental data are also provided.