cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ashman's phenomenon--a source of nonsustained wide-complex tachycardia: case report and discussion.

Abstract The refractory period of the right bundle branch is increased when the R-R interval between the prior two conducted impulses is long. Thus, an impulse that arrives soon after the second of two impulses separated by a long R-R interval may be aberrantly conducted with a right bundle branch block morphology on electrocardiogram. This aberrant conduction is termed “Ashman's phenomenon” and is often responsible for isolated wide QRS complexes in the presence of underlying atrial fibrillation. This process may also produce runs of wide QRS complexes that must be distinguished from nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. A case of such multibeat Ashman's phenomena is presented, and the characteristics used to identify this phenomenon are discussed. A brief review of several recent studies on the differentiation of sustained ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy in the setting of a regular underlying rhythm is given as well.
Stretch effects on the burning velocity of turbulent premixed hydrogen/air flames

Unsteady stretch effects on the laminar burning velocity of unsteady premixed hydrogen/air flames are studied using two-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) with detailed chemical kinetics and transport. Preferential diffusion-unsteady stretch interactions are studied by varying the fuel mass equivalence ratio from fuel-lean to fuel-rich conditions. The correlation of the burning velocity with strain, curvature, and stretch is determined along with other flame propagation statistics. Different definitions of the burning velocity are compared. It is found that definitions based on heat release and fuel consumption lead to different correlations of burning velocity with curvature for some fuel-lean conditions. For fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions corresponding to unstable and stable mixtures, classical diffusive-thermal effects are recovered in correlations of burning velocity with strain and curvature. It is also observed that the theory for flame propagation in the limit of weak stretch is more widely applicable to turbulent stretch conditions. As such, the strain contribution to the Markstein number is computed from the DNS data and compared against experimental and numerical counterflow data. Good agreement between all three approaches is found in terms of the crossover value of the equivalence ratio from negative to positive Markstein numbers and for fuel-lean stoichiometries. It is found from DNS that strong stretch-preferential diffusion interactions exist in the turbulent flame, with computed Markstein numbers varying between −5.34 and 2.85 and area-weighted mean burning velocities as high as 2.43 times the laminar velocity. It is further observed that over a wide range of mixture stoichiometries, as the ratio of the characteristic turbulence to flame transit time decreases, the flame response to stretch is attenuated, resulting in a marked decrease in Markstein number. This is consistent with linear theory and recent unsteady counterflow computations.
Integrating Racial/Ethnic Equity Into Policy Assessments To Improve Child Health

The US child population is rapidly becoming more racially and ethnically diverse, yet there are persistent racial/ethnic gaps in child health. Improving and expanding policies to reduce these gaps is increasingly a mandate of government agencies. Identifying effective policies requires a rigorous approach, yet there is a lack of information about which policies improve equity. This article introduces the Policy Equity Assessment, a framework that combines policy assessment and rigorous equity methods to both synthesize existing research and identify and conduct new analyses of policies’ ability to reduce racial/ethnic inequities. We applied the Policy Equity Assessment to three policies: Head Start, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and a federal housing assistance program known as Section 8. Our results show racial/ethnic inequities in access to benefits and substantial data and evidence gaps regarding the impact of policies in improving racial/ethnic equity. These results should motivate policy makers t...
Does fetal fibronectin use in the diagnosis of preterm labor affect physician behavior and health care costs? A randomized trial.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether a knowledge of fetal fibronectin results affects patient treatment and health care costs. Study design Women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation with a singleton pregnancy and preterm uterine contractions were eligible for enrollment. Once informed consent was given, a fetal fibronectin specimen was obtained, and women were assigned randomly into 2 groups. In 1 group, results of the fetal fibronectin test were available; in the other group, results were not available. The use of inpatient and outpatient health care resources subsequent to enrollment was ascertained through the use of medical records, hospital billing data, and patient interviews. This study was powered to allow the detection in the fetal fibronectin group of a 20% reduction in total health care–related costs. Results The 2 groups were similar with respect to maternal age, parity, race, cervical examination at admission, and estimated gestational age at enrollment and at delivery. Women who did not have fetal fibronectin results available were no different than those women who did with respect to initial length of labor and delivery observation (median, 4 hours vs 3 hours), hospital admission (28% vs 26%), tocolysis (18% vs 16%), cessation of work (27% vs 26%), or total health care–related costs (log mean ± SD, 7.6 ± 1.2 vs 7.5 ± 1.1). Conclusion In this study population, the use of fetal fibronectin did not affect physician behavior or health care costs related to preterm contractions.
Retention with Massed versus Distributed Practice on a Human Performance Mini-Battery:

This study examined the effects of schedules of practice on human performance tests. Grammatical Reasoning, Code Substitution, Pattern Comparison, Aiming, and Spoke Tests were administered to 20 young U.S. Navy enlisted men under conditions of massed or distributed practice during acquisition, and under a common intermediate condition in retention. In general the effect of distribution of practice was not very strong. The easier tests were unaffected by deviations in practice schedules, but the more complex Grammatical Reasoning and fatiguing Spoke test were disrupted by massing.
Mixture analysis of organic solvents using nonselective and nonlinear Taguchi gas sensors with artificial neural networks

Abstract This paper presents a protoytpe multicomponent gas and vapor analysis system consisting of eight nonselective and nonlinear Taguchi gas sensors, a temperature sensor, and multivariate calibration algorithms such as modified artificial neural netowrks. The application of this system to analyzing two- and three-component mixtures of benzene, toluene, acetone and trichloroethylene is demonstrated.
Improvement of the Internal Consistency in Trajectory Surface Hopping

This paper addresses the issue of internal consistency in the molecular dynamics with quantum transitions (MDQT) surface hopping method. The MDQT method is based on Tully’s fewest switches algorithm, which is designed to ensure that the fraction of trajectories on each surface is equivalent to the corresponding average quantum probability determined by coherent propagation of the quantum amplitudes. For many systems, however, this internal consistency is not maintained. Two reasons for this discrepancy are the existence of classically forbidden transitions and the divergence of the independent trajectories. This paper presents a modified MDQT method that improves the internal consistency. The classically forbidden switches are eliminated by utilizing modified velocities for the integration of the quantum amplitudes, and the difficulties due to divergent trajectories are alleviated by removing the coherence of the quantum amplitudes when each trajectory leaves a nonadiabatic coupling region. The standard and modified MDQT methods are compared to fully quantum calculations for a classic model for ultrafast electronic relaxation (i.e., a two-state threemode model of the conically intersecting S1 and S2 excited states of pyrazine). The standard MDQT calculations exhibit significant discrepancies between the fraction of trajectories in each state and the corresponding average quantum probability. The modified MDQT method leads to remarkable internal consistency for this model system.
Depressed immunoglobulin G in newborn infants with Down's syndrome

Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were quantitated in samples from 32 newborn infants with Down's syndrome (trisomy 21). When compared with the values of normal newborn infants, IgG levels in the infants with trisomy 21 were significantly lower. No evidence for diminished maternal levels of IgG were found. By using Gm and Inv markers it was found that the fetus with Down's syndrome produced IgG. This fetally produced IgG was not proportionately greater in amount than that found in normal fetuses. A low serum IgG value was observed in one newborn infant with mongolism who had a D/G translocation. Another infant with trisomy 21 was a female twin of a normal male infant; the normal member of the twin pair did not have the depressed serum IgG value observed in the twin with mongolism.
Weak Powers and Globalism: The Impact of Plurality on Weak-Strong Negotiations in the International Economy

Can developing countries effect outcomes in their favor in negotiations with developed countries? This article shows that as global politics move toward a multi-issue `diffusion of power' in which states and other actors interact in a considerably less hierarchical fashion than one characterized by a state-centric security-dominated distribution of power, developing countries are afforded negotiation processes they lacked earlier. First, the negotiation environment is changing. Developing countries are negotiating in scenarios increasingly marked by pragmatic `rules of the game' rather than authoritative or confrontational scenarios of earlier periods. Developing country alternatives have also improved in the diffusion of power. Second, developing countries can now use a host of negotiation tactics effectively. These include inclusion/agenda setting, trade-offs/issue-linkages, coalition building, technocratic and legalistic strategies and direct lobbying in other countries. The article emphasizes the links between issue-specific power structures and negotiation processes and draws attention to the underlying historical context in which these structures and processes arise. Several examples from bilateral and multilateral negotiations are introduced in the article although these examples do not constitute empirical proof of this article's conceptual arguments. In conclusion, given diffusion of power and the resulting pluralism, developing countries are not completely resigned to global liberalism without effecting anything in their favor. Global liberalism is thus not just a top-down process – it can be amended from below. Negotiations matter.
Uptake of rac-glycerol 1-oleate and its utilization for glycerolipid synthesis by strain L fibroblasts

Abstract 1. 1. Strain L fibroblasts incubated with rac -glycerol 1-oleate in a medium containing 10% horse serum formed cytoplasmic lipid particles composed primarily of glycerol trioleate. This accumulation could be accounted for by the utilization of free oleic acid rapidly liberated into the medium from the added rac -glycerol 1-oleate by an horse serum esterase. 2. 2. When 5 μM paraoxon was added to the medium to inhibit this esterase, triacylglycerol synthesized by the cells from doubly labeled rac -glycerol 1-oleate derived at least 70% of its glycerol from exogenous substrate. The comparable value for cells incubated with a mixture of oleic acid and glycerol was 17%. Similar results were observed for the cellular phosphoglycerides. 3. 3. When cellular rac -glycerol 1-oleate levels were elevated, exogenous free oleic acid was not incorporated into glycerolipids via pathways utilizing endogenously generated acyl acceptors. 4. 4. Although pathways involving the initial phosphorylation of rac -glycerol 1-oleate can not be excluded, it appears that a fraction of this substrate is incorporated into glycerolipid via , a 1,3-diacylglycerol intermediate. 5. 5. Some characteristics of large lipid droplets formed in cells incubated with rac -glycerol 1-oleate are described.
Implementation of Simulated Learning Experiences for Baccalaureate Pediatric Nursing Students

Abstract This article presents the development and implementation of simulated learning experiences for baccalaureate pediatric nursing students at the University of Utah College of Nursing. Learning experiences include use of simulated human pediatric patients and a simulated electronic medical record and are included in both didactic and clinical courses. Objectives include demonstration of pediatric nursing skills, synthesis of assessment findings, prioritization of nursing interventions, documentation, and multidisciplinary communication. Student feedback indicates improved confidence when approaching pediatric patients and better preparation to respond to acute changes in the patient's condition. Plans include ongoing refinement of simulated learning experiences and the linking of actual clinical outcomes to simulation-based learning.
Detection of nitric oxide by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy has been used in a number of ways to study nitric oxide chemistry and biology. As an intrinsically stable and relatively unreactive diatomic free radical, the challenges of detecting this species by EPR are somewhat different from those of transient radical species. This review gives a basic introduction to EPR spectroscopy and discusses its uses to assess and quantify nitric oxide formation in biological systems.
Slow viscoelastic flow past submerged objects

Abstract An Oseen-type linearisation is employed to obtain equations for slow viscoelastic flow past submerged objects. The velocity of propagation of shear waves emerges as a primary ordering parameter. Solutions for the cylinder and sphere predict a substantial difference from Newtonian flow behavior in even moderately elastic fluids, including an experimentally verified upstream displacement of streamlines. Despite altered flow field the drag coefficient is only slightly influenced by fluid elasticity for streaming velocities below the shear wave velocity.
On the Cofinality of the Smallest Covering of the Real Line by Meager Sets

We prove that the cofinality of the smallest covering of R by meager sets is bigger than the additivity of measure.
Neural network structures with feedback, in binary hypothesis testing

Two fundamental neural network structures with feedback are considered: a structure containing a fusion center, and a Hopfield network structure. The objective of the two structures is assumed to be binary hypothesis testing. The optimal operations for the Neyman-Pearson criterion are established, for stationary and memoryless hypotheses, and the time evolution of the induced power sequences is developed. The asymptotic performance of the two structures, in terms of asymptotic relative efficiency, is studied and the effects of the feedback are quantified. In addition, the effects of robust data operations per neural element are studied as well. The benefits of feedback and the robust operations are established. >
Characteristics and temporal trends of "left before being seen" visits in US emergency departments, 1995-2002.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe nationally representative characteristics and temporal trends in “left before being seen” (LBBS) visits in US emergency departments (EDs). The ED portion of the federal National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 1995–2002, was analyzed. Of the 810.6 million ED visits during the 8-year study period, an estimated 11.4 million (1.41%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–1.52) had an LBBS disposition. The number and proportion of LBBS visits have increased over time, from 1.1 million visits in 1995 (1.15%, 95% CI 0.95–1.35) to 2.1 million visits in 2002 (1.92%, 95% CI 1.67–2.17). LBBS patients were more likely to be younger, non-White, Hispanic, urban, and uninsured compared to non-LBBS patients. The number and proportion of LBBS visits have increased over time. LBBS visits disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. These findings suggest that recent strains on the US ED system are adversely affecting healthcare quality and access.
X-ray imaging optimization using virtual phantoms and computerized observer modelling

This study develops and demonstrates a realistic x-ray imaging simulator with computerized observers to maximize lesion detectability and minimize patient exposure. A software package, ViPRIS, incorporating two computational patient phantoms, has been developed for simulating x-ray radiographic images. A tomographic phantom, VIP-Man, constructed from Visible Human anatomical colour images is used to simulate the scattered portion using the ESGnrc Monte Carlo code. The primary portion of an x-ray image is simulated using the projection ray-tracing method through the Visible Human CT data set. To produce a realistic image, the software simulates quantum noise, blurring effects, lesions, detector absorption efficiency and other imaging artefacts. The primary and scattered portions of an x-ray chest image are combined to form a final image for computerized observer studies and image quality analysis. Absorbed doses in organs and tissues of the segmented VIP-Man phantom were also obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations. Approximately 25 000 simulated images and 2500 000 data files were analysed using computerized observers. Hotelling and Laguerre–Gauss Hotelling observers are used to perform various lesion detection tasks. Several model observer tasks were used including SKE/BKE, MAFC and SKEV. The energy levels and fluence at the minimum dose required to detect a small lesion were determined with respect to lesion size, location and system parameters.
Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life – By Jamil M. Abun‐Nasr

Where and with whom religious “authority” resides within the Muslim community are questions that have especially absorbed scholars of Islam in recent years. Though this might seem like a presentist...
Dimensional implications of dynamical data on manifolds to empirical KL analysis

Abstract We explore the approximation of attracting manifolds of complex systems using dimension reducing methods. Complex systems having high-dimensional dynamics typically are initially analyzed by exploring techniques to reduce the dimension. Linear techniques, such as Galerkin projection methods, and nonlinear techniques, such as center manifold reduction are just some of the examples used to approximate the manifolds on which the attractors lie. In general, if the manifold is not highly curved, then both linear and nonlinear methods approximate the surface well. However, if the manifold curvature changes significantly with respect to parametric variations, then linear techniques may fail to give an accurate model of the manifold. This may not be a surprise in itself, but it is a fact so often overlooked or misunderstood when utilizing the popular KL method, that we offer this explicit study of the effects and consequences. Here we show that certain dimensions defined by linear methods are highly sensitive when modeled in situations where the attracting manifolds have large parametric curvature. Specifically, we show how manifold curvature mediates the dimension when using a linear basis set as a model. We punctuate our results with the definition of what we call, a “curvature induced parameter,” d C I . Both finite- and infinite-dimensional models are used to illustrate the theory.
Plasma and magnetic field structure of a slow shock: Wind observations in interplanetary space

This paper reports on the observation of an interplanetary slow shock on May 23, 1995 using 3-s plasma and magnetic field data from the Wind spacecraft. Since the time to traverse the shock ( ∼15 s) is much greater than the 3-s temporal resolution of the data, this observation can reveal the plasma and magnetic field structure through the interior of the shock. The 3-s data also provide accurate preshock and postshock conditions immediately outside the shock layer. The flow speeds in the shock frame of reference U n C S1 , and U n2 < C S2 . Here a and C s are, respectively, the Alfven speed and the slow speed, Θ is the acute angle between the magnetic field vector and the shock normal, and the subscripts 1 and 2 denote the preshock and the postshock conditions. Θ 1 ∼ 47° and Θ 2 ∼ 39°. The jump conditions B 2 /B 1 , N 2 /N 1 , and (T i + T e ) 2 /(T i + T e ) 1 of the observational result are in good agreement with the Rankine-Hugoniot solution. The thickness of the shock is of the order of 36 times of the preshock ion inertial length.
Regulation of Innate Immune Response to Candida albicans Infections by αMβ2-Pra1p Interaction

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is a common opportunistic fungal pathogen and is the leading cause of invasive fungal diseases in immunocompromised individuals. The induction of cell-mediated immunity to C. albicans is one of the main tasks of cells of the innate immune system, and in vitro evidence suggests that integrin α M β 2 (CR3, Mac-1, and CD11b/CD18) is the principal leukocyte receptor involved in recognition of the fungus. Using α M β 2 -KO mice and mutated strains of C. albicans in two models of murine candidiasis, we demonstrate that neutrophils derived from mice deficient in α M β 2 have a reduced ability to kill C. albicans and that the deficient mice themselves exhibit increased susceptibility to fungal infection. Disruption of the PRA1 gene of C. albicans , the primary ligand for α M β 2 , protects the fungus against leukocyte killing in vitro and in vivo , impedes the innate immune response to the infection, and increases fungal virulence and organ invasion in vivo . Thus, recognition of pH-regulated antigen 1 protein (Pra1p) by α M β 2 plays a pivotal role in determining fungal virulence and host response and protection against C. albicans infection.
Low Overhead Soft Error Mitigation Techniques for High-Performance and Aggressive Designs

The threat of soft error induced system failure in computing systems has become more prominent, as we adopt ultradeep submicron process technologies. In this paper, we propose two efficient soft error mitigation schemes, namely, Soft Error Mitigation (SEM) and Soft and Timing Error Mitigation (STEM), using the approach of multiple clocking of data for protecting combinational logic blocks from soft errors. Our first technique, SEM, based on distributed and temporal voting of three registers, unloads the soft error detection overhead from the critical path of the systems. SEM is also capable of ignoring false errors and recovers from soft errors using in-situ fast recovery avoiding recomputation. Our second technique, STEM, while tolerating soft errors, adds timing error detection capability to guarantee reliable execution in aggressively clocked designs that enhance system performance by operating beyond worst-case clock frequency. We also present a specialized low overhead clock phase management scheme that ably supports our proposed techniques. Timing-annotated gate-level simulations, using 45 nm libraries, of a pipelined adder-multiplier and DLX processor show that both our techniques achieve near 100 percent fault coverage. For DLX processor, even under severe fault injection campaigns, SEM achieves an average performance improvement of 26.58 percent over a conventional triple modular redundancy voter-based soft error mitigation scheme, while STEM outperforms SEM by 27.42 percent.
Thermal Effects of the Formation of Atlantic Continental Margins by Continental Break up

Summary The thermal history of Atlantic continental margins resembles that of the oceanic crust as it spreads away from a mid-oceanic ridge, since the margin was formed when a ridge began spreading beneath a pre-existing continent. During break-up the thickness of the continental crust along the new margin was reduced by subarea1 erosion and subcrustal processes. Afterwards the continental shelf subsided, probably due to thermal contraction of the lithosphere. The observed subsidence rate on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States declined exponentially with a time constant of about 50My, as it does for ridges. Except for the Florida peninsula, deviations of the observed sedimentation from a smooth curve with respect to time could be associated with eustatic changes and variations in the supply of sediments. The subsidence rate of basins in the mid-continent of North America also decreases with a 50 My time constant. In Kansas a subcrustal process must have thinned the crust and initiated subsidence as a sequence of thinly bedded sediments beneath the basin is uneroded.
The Biology of Trypanosoma diemyctyli, Tobey. III. Factors influencing the cycle of Trypanosoma diemyctyli in the vertebrate host Triturus v. viridescens.

SYNOPSIS. The effects of some environmental influences on the cycle of Trypanosoma diemyctyli in Triturus v. viridescens are described. Bleeding of the host produced a reduction in the number of trypanosomes but did not affect their growth rate. The temperature at which the host was maintained affected the cycle of the trypanosomes. The length of the post-inoculation latent stage increased from 24 hours at 25°C. to an indefinitely long time at 5°C. The trypanosomes were found to be dimorphic. Adult parasites of the short form had a range of 45–75 μ and those of the long form of 76–116 μ. Growth rate of the trypanosomes was inhibited or greatly retarded at temperatures of 10°C. or lower and was greatest at 25°C. The size attained by the parasites and the number of parasites were greatest at 15°C. At this temperature the infection was pathogenic and the dimorphic parasites were in their long form. At the higher temperatures (20–25°C.) the infection was non-pathogenic with the trypanosomes in their short form. The infection is primarily one of adult newts. Experiments indicated that the larvae were resistant to the trypanosomes at all temperatures while the red efts were not. The latter are usually free from the trypanosomes because they are not exposed to them. Attempts to infect other newts and to locate any cryptic stages by the injection of blood and tissues from infected newts gave negative results. Starvation, sodium salicylate, and treatments used to control fungus infection of the newts had no detectable effects on the trypanosomes.
MyD88-Dependent but Toll-Like Receptor 2-Independent Innate Immunity to Listeria: No Role for Either in Macrophage Listericidal Activity

We have assessed the requirements for Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in vivo during early infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Mice deficient for TLR2, a receptor required for the recognition of Gram-positive peptidoglycan, showed equivalent Listeria resistance to wild-type mice. However, mice deficient for MyD88, an adaptor molecule used by all TLRs, showed profound susceptibility with 3-4 logs greater Listeria burden and severe spleen and liver pathology at day 3 postinfection. Listeria-infected MyD88-deficient mice also showed markedly diminished IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and NO responses, despite evidence of macrophage activation and up-regulation of MHC class II molecules. We demonstrate that although minor MyD88-independent responses to live Listeria do occur, these are insufficient for normal host defense. Lastly, we performed experiments in vitro in which macrophages deficient in TLR2 or MyD88 were directly infected with Listeria: Although TLR signaling was required for macrophage NO and cytokine production in response to Listeria, handling and direct killing of Listeria by activated macrophages occurred by TLR2- and MyD88-independent mechanisms.
Early prediction of project schedule slippage

Schedule slippage can be avoided if timely preventive measures are adopted. The most common solution involves deploying additional manpower to boost productivity. But increasing the manpower deployed can hasten product development only to a certain point. Staffing beyond this elusive optimum can actually delay the ultimate completion of a project. To complicate the issue, optimal staffing for minimal development time is not easily ascertainable. But the predicted development time of a product and the skill level of the development team can be used as indicators of schedule slippage. This paper uses the Gamma model to provide skill level and completion time insights into optimally staffing a project.
Delphic choice of accounting periodicals for university libraries

Abstract The purpose of this study is to offer guidance to academic accountants in recommending accounting periodicals. One method of determining the most desirable periodicals for a college or university library is to consult a list of periodicals that faculty peers believe should be in a library. This study provides such a list. The Delphi method was used to establish group consensus as to the desirability of including individual periodicals in a library. Participants were asked to rate each periodical on a five point Likert scale. After each evaluation, participants were asked to re-evaluate their rating of each periodical based on their knowledge of the group results. The re-evaluation process continued until a consensus was achieved as determined by a t-test of paired differences at the .05 level of significance.
The Keynesian Revolution Revisited

It is almost twenty years since the preceding chapters were first published. For most of this period, I have concentrated my attention on statistical studies of the consumption, investment, and liquidity-preference functions and on economy-wide models. It is now time to turn this attention, to some extent, at least, toward the interpretation of empirical findings. It is time to reconsider the Keynesian Revolution, and I propose to do so in this chapter. There have been many interpretive articles on Keynes, and the General Theory — after ten years, after fifteen years, and after twenty years — but I shall approach the matter in a different way, as a summary of years of econometric testing and studying of the accounts of such quantitative work by others in the field.
Effects of Pharmacotherapeutic Agents on Microembolization Rates During Carotid Revascularization

RESULTS: Exposure of BAECs to CLF for 4 hours significantly decreased the levels of IkBa compared to static control (56.4% 24.7%; p<0.05) but caused no significant change in the level of p-IkBa (204.2% 83.1%; p1⁄4NS). Addition of MG132 significantly increased the level of p-IkBa (1578.0% 442.7%; p1⁄40.02), but failed to inhibit the decrease in the level of IkBa caused by CLF (58.4% 29.0%; p1⁄4NS) (Fig).
Mitigation of earthquake risk in manufacturing

This paper outlines the steps taken to identify and mitigate the risk of earthquakes in Rockwell's Mexicali, Mexico assembly and test facility. Its intent is to provide a guide for other companies located in seismically active regions.
McClure's Magazine and the Muckrakers

Forty-five years after its initial publication, Princeton University Press has reissued Harold S. Wilson's McClure's Magazine and the Muckrakers, a path-breaking study of the Progressive Era's pree...
Alterations of mature arterioles associated with chronically reduced blood flow

Adaptive responses of mature arterioles were examined after a 38% reduction in total blood flow to the cremaster muscle produced by unilateral orchidectomy in 12-wk-old rats. Four weeks later, the muscle was smaller than the contralateral cremaster, which did not increase in size during this period. Measured by closed-circuit television microscopy, the internal diameters of first- through fourth-order arterioles (1A-4A) were smaller, but wall cross-sectional area was reduced only in 3As. The smaller diameter of the 1A in the orchidectomy muscle resulted in unchanged wall shear rate. As determined from the perfusion-fixed, microfilled cremaster muscles, the total length of the arcading arterioles and the number of 3As were not statistically different, but the total number of 4As was significantly reduced on the orchidectomy side. Therefore, chronic load reduction in a mature muscle resulted in reduced blood flow, decreased number of 4As, and smaller arteriolar internal diameters in the absence of net changes in vascular wall cross-sectional area. A local autoregulatory mechanism related to flow-induced shear stress is suggested as the mechanism mediating the changes.
Contemplating quantum computation

People with surprisingly diverse points of view see quantum computation as vindicating their pet idea of what quantum mechanics is all about. The present speaker is no exception. In this introductory talk I shall describe a few elementary quantum algorithms with a view to revealing their intrinsic charm, and illustrating this blind-men-and-the-elephant aspect of that charm.
Abstract ED02-03: Animal models for human pancreatic cancer prevention

Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The five-year survival for this disease is <6% and it is lethal to almost all of the patients diagnosed. As with many epithelial cancers, pre-invasive precursors in the pancreas progress slowly over many years to decades to development of invasive pancreatic cancers in humans. Lack of early detection and effective interventions are major factors contributing to the poor prognosis and dismal survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients for more than sixty years. Detection of pancreatic cancer at an early stage might permit life-saving interventions. Use of tumor xenografts and/or orthotopic models to predict valid targets and for design and development of drugs for pancreatic cancer patients has been disappointing. Animal models with etiological relevance that recapitulate the molecular pathology of human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs) and their progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are ideal models for establishing pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment strategies. Recent advent in genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models, such as development of transgenic KrasG12D-dependent mouse models of PDAC, that mimic human PDAC offer opportunities to identify putative targets of pancreatic lesion development and targeted drug strategies for PDAC prevention. We will present recent advances on i) selection of optimal Kras mouse models for prevention and early diagnosis, and ii) application of Whole Transcriptome (SOLiD) approaches to identify druggable targets for PanINs and PDAC. Then, iii) we will provide a few examples of development of molecularly targeted chemopreventive drugs using the krasG12D mouse model. Citation Format: Chinthalapally V. Rao. Animal models for human pancreatic cancer prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr ED02-03.
Validating a no-gold-standard technique to assess quantitative SPECT methods

1747 Objectives Objective evaluation of methods developed for quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (QSPECT) requires comparing performance on quantitative tasks such as estimating the mean activity concentration in a volume of interest (VOI). Conventional evaluation needs the true parameter value (a gold standard), which is rarely available in clinical studies, leading to a need for techniques to evaluate QSPECT methods without a gold standard. Methods The proposed technique posits a linear relationship between the estimated and true quantitative parameters for each method under evaluation. Parameters of these relationships are estimated from the data without knowledge of the truth using maximum-likelihood techniques. Two figures of merit (FoM) computed from the parameter estimates, the scaled ensemble mean square error (EMSE), and the noise-to-slope ratio, are computed to rank the methods. To validate the technique, we used simulated data modeling organ uptake of an I-131 labeled anti-CD20 antibody based on clinical data. The object database consisted of five phantom anatomies with all possible combinations of five sets of organ uptakes. Fifty noise realizations were generated and reconstructed with three methods that compensated for (a) attenuation and scatter (AS) (b) AS and detector response (ADS) and (c) ADS with explicit compensation for down-scatter from high-energy photons (ADS+DWN). The mean activity concentration was estimated in eight organ VOIs for the three methods and input to the proposed technique. The rankings were determined from the estimated FoMs and compared with true rankings. Results The technique correctly predicted the rankings of the three reconstruction methods for 49 out of 50 noise realizations using both the figures of merit. Conclusions The proposed technique provides a ranking of QSPECT methods without the need for a gold standard, and could be useful for optimizing and comparing such methods and systems using clinical data. Research Support This work was supported by National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering of the National Institutes of Health under grant numbers R01-EB016231 and EB013558.
Evaluation of Integrated Capability of Antiaircraf Gun Weapon based on Entropy Weight

When the integrated capability of weapon system is hierarchic decomposed for evaluating, the vital procedure is to determine the attribute weights of low level evaluation indexes. Though the weights can be gotten based on hierarchic process, but the weights have a certain degree of subjective. In this paper, the attribute weights are determined on the entropy information and the contribution of each scheme is strengthened, meanwhile the analogy of attribute is weakened. Therefore attribute weights are more objective. Considering the methods which are respectively based on the objective entropy weights and the expert's subjective weights synthetically, the deviation of expert's subjective weights can be adjusted by the objective entropy weights, and the optimization result is more rational. The evaluation result of 6 antiaircraft artillery shows the rationality and effectiveness of this method.
Bioceramic Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment and Regenerative Medicine

Silica-calcium-phosphate composite (SCPC) is a drug delivery platform that has successfully demonstrated the ability to bind and release several therapeutics including antibiotics, peptides, anticancer drugs, and growth factors. It has successfully demonstrated a unique capacity for bone regeneration. The present studies address the effect of the phosphate and silicate functional groups on drug binding and controlled release kinetics of Cisplatin (Cis). Moreover, the roles of ceramic composition and resorbability on rhBMP2 release kinetics and bone regeneration in a critical size calvarial defect in rabbit is presented.
Liminal Spaces of Urbanism in Niamey, Niger: the Case of Gndatche

This paper offers an in-depth examination of a neighborhood in transition as a way to engage in discussions of African urbanism and transformations of African urban spaces. The Gandatche neighborhood, located in the heart of Niamey’s central business district (CBD), occupies a position that is at once highly sought after and disadvantageous. One of the oldest neighborhoods in the city, it now occupies one zone of the new city redevelopment plan, Niamey Nyala, an ambitious, cosmopolitan vision for the future of Niamey. Long-time residents, however, are increasingly selling their land, citing difficulty in urban service provision and quality of life, and moving to the outskirts of the city. Residents and neighborhood leaders face these changes with reluctance and a deep attachment to place. Through an examination of Gandatche’s history and interviews with contemporary neighborhood leaders and residents, I show how location within the city is both exclusive and inclusive, and thus how the neighborhood embodies liminality. In this paper I contend that the transformations of Gandatche can be used to speak to the in-between-ness of African cities, cities that warrant new kinds of urban practices, planning, and theories.
The development of national and international co-operation between art libraries

Definitions are offered of the terms ‘fine arts’ and ‘special libraries’. The scope and organisation of fine art libraries are described, followed by a history of the growth of art library societies in various countries, and the movement towards international co-operation. Art libraries are demonstrated to be a suitable category to constitute a new Section in the Special Libraries Division of IFLA. (The text of a paper presented at the Special Libraries Division Program Meeting of IFLA in Brussels, 8 September, 1977.)
The Ladder of Organization-Think: Beyond Flatland

This article specifies a ladder of organization-think in terms of discourse theory and the spatial notion of dimensionality. The ladder can represent discourses about organizations and discourses emanating from organiza tions; the main illustration used is its manifestation as a ladder of P.A. discourse. Seven characteristics of discourse are discussed. Four rungs of the ladder are described, and these rungs are labelled "me," "they," "our" and "out of the cave." Reasons why P.A. thinkers should be interested in the ladder are indicated. Is there not an n-dimensional ladder of organization-think, where the dimensions or rungs can be explicated in terms of discourse theory and of the spatial notion of dimensionality? The reader is asked to consider this in the spirit of Public Administration Discourse as Play with a Purpose (D. J. Farmer, 1998). It is claimed that there is a ladder of "discourse about organizations" and of "discourse emanating from organizations." Discourse or thinking "about" organizations or organizing presents manifestations of the same ladder. So we can say that the ladder of organization-think manifests itself in ladders of discourse about public administration (P.A.), about business administration, about military administration, about non-profit administration?just as there are sets of dimensions in other areas of human discourse. Discourse or thinking "emanating from" organizations and organizing also presents manifestations of the same ladder of organization-think. So we can say that the latter manifests itself in ladders of discourse "by" public bureaucrats, "by" corporate bureaucrats, "by" non-bureaucrats (e.g. painters, mathematicians or writers receiving grants or pay-checks and whose daily bread entails being beholden to a public or private bureaucracy), and "by" people within churches, families and other civil society structures. The philosopher Baruch Spinoza showed his understanding of the significance of the "emanating from" category when he rejected a Professorship at Heidelberg. He thought that the employment would deprive him of the freedom to philosophize on his own terms. ?2000, Public Administration Theory Network. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.152 on Sat, 26 Nov 2016 04:13:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
MAVEN observations of the solar cycle 24 space weather conditions at Mars

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft has been continuously observing the variability of solar soft X-rays and EUV irradiance, monitoring the upstream solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions and measuring the fluxes of solar energetic ions and electrons since its arrival to Mars. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the space weather events observed during the first ∼1.9 years of the science mission, which includes the description of the solar and heliospheric sources of the space weather activity. To illustrate the variety of upstream conditions observed, we characterize a subset of the event periods by describing the Sun-to-Mars details using observations from the MAVEN solar Extreme Ultraviolet Monitor, solar energetic particle (SEP) instrument, Solar Wind Ion Analyzer, and Magnetometer together with solar observations using near-Earth assets and numerical solar wind simulation results from the Wang-Sheeley-Arge-Enlil model for some global context of the event periods. The subset of events includes an extensive period of intense SEP electron particle fluxes triggered by a series of solar flares and coronal mass ejection (CME) activity in December 2014, the impact by a succession of interplanetary CMEs and their associated SEPs in March 2015, and the passage of a strong corotating interaction region (CIR) and arrival of the CIR shock-accelerated energetic particles in June 2015. However, in the context of the weaker heliospheric conditions observed throughout solar cycle 24, these events were moderate in comparison to the stronger storms observed previously at Mars.
Nanoparticle-induced assembly of hydrophobically modified chitosan

AbstractHydrophobically modified chitosan (HMC) self-assembles in solution to form gels, making it suitable for applications in oil dispersion, hydrogel design and wound dressing. The self-assembly of HMC is driven by the association of hydrophobic moieties that are attached to chitosan monomers along the polymer chain. We present the results of discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations aimed at understanding how the length and density of the hydrophobic modification chains attached to HMC affect self-assembly and the structure of the resulting network. Long modification chains are required to promote the formation of a stable network in solution at a modification density of 5%; the networks form more readily at a modification density of 10%. The pore size distribution of the resulting HMC network is relatively independent of the modification chain length and density. Insertion of different sized hydrophobic nanoparticles into HMC has a significant impact on network formation, with the particles acting...
Nonlinear oscillations of shape-morphing submerged structures: Control of hydrodynamic forces and power dissipation via active flexibility

Abstract In this paper, we consider nonlinear oscillations of a shape-morphing plate submerged in a quiescent, Newtonian, viscous fluid. We investigate the two-dimensional problem arising from two prescribed concurrent periodic motions of the plate: a rigid oscillation along its transverse direction coupled to a shape-morphing deformation to an arc of a circle with prescribed maximum curvature. As opposed to existing literature concerned with passive flexible structures, this study focuses on actively prescribed deformations of the structure as a means to manipulate the vortex-shedding and convection patterns responsible for hydrodynamic forces and power dissipation during underwater oscillations. We elucidate the potential of the proposed shape-morphing strategy in regulating the added mass and damping effects along with the hydrodynamic power dissipation both in the linear and nonlinear hydrodynamic regime, by utilizing a linear boundary integral formulation as well as computational fluid dynamics simulations. Results show the possibility of minimizing the hydrodynamic power dissipation for optimal values of the imposed curvature, along with significant reduction of the hydrodynamic forces. A simplified semianalytical argument relates these novel effects to specific geometric properties of the plate motion. Findings from this study are directly relevant to cantilever-based sensing and actuation systems operating in fluids, where control and modulation of oscillation quality factors, hydrodynamic forces, and power losses is beneficial.