cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Effect of Alloying Elements in Magnesium on Deformation Twin Characteristics

HCP magnesium metals are widely used in different industries due to their low density and high specific strength. Their applicability is restricted due to poor formability and high anisotropy in deformation behavior. The formability of magnesium can be improved by alloying additions and this modification can affect macroscopic plastic anisotropy. Alloying additions can also significantly control the twinning process. In this work we use a crystal plasticity based Fast Fourier Transform model to characterize deformation twinning in different alloy types. In the model, the influence of alloying additions is represented through their effect on the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) values for all slip and twinning modes. From this study, we build an understanding of the influence of alloying elements on twin growth and twin transmission behavior. A new plastic anisotropy measure is proposed to quantify the effects of alloying elements on some important twinning characteristics in magnesium alloys.
A Communication Approach to Social Justice: Midwest College Campus Protests

On Wednesday, October 8, 2014, 2 months after Darren Wilson murdered Michael Brown, St. Louis police officer Jason Flanery killed Vonderrit Meyers Jr. in the Shaw neighborhood of St. Louis. On Sund...
A Case Study of State‐Level Policymakers’ Discursive Co‐Constructions of Welfare Drug Testing Policy and Gender, Race, and Class

Welfare provision is distributed based on determinations of recipient worthiness, commonly assessed by racial- and gender-specific characterizations of the poor as constructed through policy discourse. Social constructions of the poor contribute to the construction of welfare policy discourse and subsequently welfare policy. Welfare drug testing policy raises questions of the co-constructions of race, class, and gender and welfare drug testing discourses. This case study of state legislators’ discourse on welfare drug testing explores these ideas. Using an intersectional perspective, we examine how categories of race, class, and gender give meanings to policy discourses concerning drug testing of welfare recipients, and conversely, how policy discourses concerning welfare drug testing give meanings to categories of race, class, and gender. We find a move away from explicit racialized and gendered discourse, and toward implicit constructions of race and gender, with a predominant explicit focus on constructions of social class in the characterization of an unworthy, suspect, and deviant poor population. The constructions of race, gender, and particularly social class effectively co-construct welfare drug testing discourse, which justifies welfare drug testing policy in order to manage the derelict poor.
Sponsor-event congruence effects: The moderating role of sport involvement and mediating role of sponsor attitudes

Abstract The authors examine the moderating effect of sport involvement in the association between sponsor-event congruence and consumer responses. University students (N = 118) took part in the experiment. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results show that sport involvement moderates the effectiveness of sponsor-event congruence on sponsor credibility, influencing attitude toward the sponsor and intention to purchase the sponsor’s product. Research findings imply that a sponsorship campaign, in which sponsor-event congruence occurs, may have the power to deliver a product relevant message to consumers who are involved in sports via a central route.
Masculinity, femininity, and gender-related traits: a conceptual analysis and critique of current research.

Publisher Summary The research employing the Bern Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ), and other instruments containing separate M and F scales has fundamentally been inspired by a shift in societal attitudes, shared by most social scientists, toward a more egalitarian view of the status of women and the relationships between the sexes. Substitution of traditional bipolar theories with the proposition that masculinity and femininity are independent dimensions and that androgyny, a combination of both, is associated with greater psychological competency than sex-typing held out the promise that a society, in which roles are not differentially assigned to men and women, except as dictated by biology, is both feasible and desirable. The chapter discusses that the multidimensional nature of sex-role and other gender-related phenomena is also beginning to be recognized. Although gender identity is essentially dimorphic, the general statement that masculine and feminine attributes and behaviors cannot or do not coexist has been effectively refuted. Androgyny, defined as the possession of substantial numbers of desirable attributes and response dispositions currently stereotyped as masculine and feminine, or as an indifference to sex-role standards that leads the person to behave according to his or her individual predilections may turn out to have the benefits assigned to it.
Introduction: Management and Conservation of Terrestrial Resources

There is a vast amount of land on the Amazon floodplain that requires different strategies for conservation and management than do upland environments. Because of their relative fertility and position close to fluvial avenues of trade, many higher parts of the varzea have been farmed and much of the original vegetation disturbed. The chapters in this section explore the histories of deforestation and use in several varzea sites, as well as the ecological complexity and resilience of varzea mosaics, and the flexibility and adaptability of patterns of use. They also discuss instances where expansion of markets for local products have enhanced efforts to conserve forests and manage resources in a sustainable manner, with varying consequences for local livelihoods. All three chapters provide new primary data as well as a thorough analysis of the existing literature and constitute a contribution to the understanding of human impacts on the floodplain and the value of local knowledge and tradition in helping to conserve varzea resources.
Opioid Analgesia and Descending Systems of Pain Control

The control of pain has long been a primary concern of man. Our current knowledge about pain and its control derives from studies of the anatomy and physiology of pain and its pharmacological control. The recent intensified research into and significant progress in the control of pain arose from several nearly simultaneous key discoveries: opiate receptors, stimulation-produced analgesia, and endogenous opioid peptides.
Staffing of Health Personnel

The staffing costs of any health facility constitute the major portion of the operating budget. The management of this staff therefore represents an important area of research interest. In part, difficulties in this management arise from the highly fluctuating demand for service. For example, in a hospital demand is dependent both upon the census and patient mix. In a previous section, articles concerned with the forecasting of demand for health services were discussed, but even if this aspect were determined, the problems would remain. Warner,1) in an article discussed later in this section, suggests that the problems of determining the assignment of nursing staff can be classified into three parts: a) the long-range stafJillg (denoted here plonning) decision of how large a staff of each type of nursing personnel to support in each nursing unit; b) the scheduling decision of when nurses should be either on or off duty in such a manner as to assure minimum “coverage,” and c) the allocation decision, made each shift, of who should be assigned, where, allowing for variation in the realization of both the demand for and supply of nursing care.
Sustainable Change in a Fractured World

Bryan Norton’s body of work—with its focus on public deliberation, appropriate and fair procedures for decision-making, and epistemological humility—offers a pathway to sustainable change in the context of social diversity and scientific uncertainty. Working towards sustainable change amidst the degree of political and social divisiveness we are seeing today, however, may call for additional levels of sensitivity: to the way problems and publics are constructed, and to one’s own embeddedness within the complex dynamics that comprise a problem’s context. When fractures are substantial, it may be unrealistic and even unproductive to assume that deliberative efforts will yield a unified notion of the public interest. In such cases, the challenge for leaders and facilitators is to identify opportunities for the protection of shared values, and to establish democratic spaces that allow conflicts to be engaged in ways that do not require the destruction or domination of adversaries.
Abstract 201: Trends In Preventive Care Among High Risk Diabetics Prior To Acute Coronary Syndromes; Is There Room For Improvement?

Background: Effective heart disease prevention for patients with diabetes (DM) includes pharmacotherapy such as aspirin, ace-inhibitors and statins. Thus use of such medications among diabetics is an important quality measure. We examined trends in such therapies over time, comparing mediations utilization at time for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admission for DM and non-DM patients Methods: Data on home medications prior to index ACS event, demographics, and co-morbidities was collected as part of a registry of ACS patients from January 1999 to January 2007. Results: A total of 3,240 ACS patients were included, of which 951(29%) had a diagnosis of DM on admission. Compared to non-DM patients, those with a history of DM were older, and more likely to be obese and have a prior diagnosis of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and heart disease including angina, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization. On admission, DM patients were significantly more likely to be on aspirin 3.51 [1.79, 6.88, p=0.0003], beta blockers 1.71 [1.46, 1.99, p Conclusions: Despite being at high risk for cardiac events, patients with a history of DM are often not receiving preventive medications such as aspirin, ace-inhibitors and statins. Such medications are independently associated with outcomes at six-month post ACS; suggesting improvements in receipt of these medications may reduce risk pre and post ACS among patients with DM.
A 30-year retrospective case analysis in the Delphi of cognitive rehabilitation therapy

Abstract In 1987, Parente used the Delphi method to predict changes in the field of cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT). Fifty licensed professionals provided predictions about the likely occurrence and probable time courses for 31 scenarios that could possibly have occurred over the 30-year interval between 1987 and 2000+. It has now been 30 years since the initial polling; thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of these Delphic predictions, via two validation methods. First, we contacted and reviewed statistical information from nationwide data bases (i.e., Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Brain Injury Association of America) to see If the scenarios occurred. Second, we polled 12 additional professionals, most of whom had practiced in the field of CRT during the polling period and who still maintained an active practice to assess When the various remaining scenarios had occurred. In this study, probability of occurrence accuracy was approximately 80%, although there was a significant bias towards false positives. Time course predictions were accurate within 1–5 years, although there was a general bias towards underestimating the occurrence of the events.
Introduction to Forensic Audio Analysis: Authenticity, Enhancement, and Interpretation

Audio forensics is a branch of the broad field of forensic science. Forensic science generally refers to evaluation of evidence that may ultimately be used in court or as part of some other formal investigation. Audio forensics, therefore, refers to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of audio recordings as part of an official investigation, such as in preparation for a civil or criminal trial, or as part of the investigation of an accident or some other incident involving audio evidence (Maher 2009, 2015).
Units of Analysis of Social Interaction Outcomes in Supported Education.

In spite of increased advocacy efforts, demonstrations, and consumer demand for supported education, there is a paucity of empirical research that investigates the predicted outcomes of this model. The rationale for supported education is based largely on increasing social participation, acceptance, and friendships between students with severe disabilities and nondisabled students. This article discusses several issues that underlie the development of measurement systems to evaluate the social effects of supported education. We believe that it is essential to measure the outcomes of supported education (i.e., increased acceptance, social participation, and levels of friendships) as well as the process variables (e.g., specific social interaction skills) that are pivotal in creating the outcomes. An assessment model for outcome and process variables is described. Within this model, social interaction skills, organizational support characteristics, and contextual features are viewed as pivotal events in att...
DEPENDENCE OF THE PARASITIC FAUNA OF FISH AND AMPHIBIA UPON ECOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF THE HOST

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the dependence of the parasitic fauna of fish and amphibia upon ecological peculiarities of the host. Many external parasites such as Trichodina and Gyrodactylus are tolerant of wide variations of inorganic salt content of the water. In marine estuaries, species diversity is least pronounced at intermediate points where fluctuations of salinity are greatest. The diet of fishes and amphibians is the most important of all biotic features in determining the nature of their parasite faunas. As a rule, feeding activity and parasite numbers are greatest during the warmer months. Seasonal changes in the flow of water, concentration of salts, and nutrients, and deposition of inorganic and organic materials on the bottom of ponds, lakes, and streams can markedly change the numbers and kinds of vertebrates and invertebrates, in addition to their parasites. Those frogs and salamanders that move between land water but are predominantly aquatic possess more kinds of parasites than to the more terrestrial species because of the more varied habitats encountered by the former group.
Sequential Common Change Detection and Isolation of Changed Panels in Panel Data

Quick detection of common changes is critical in sequential monitoring of multi-stream data where a common change is referred as a change that only occurs in a portion of panels. After briefly reviewing the CUSUM and Shiryayev-Roberts (SR) procedures for a single sequence under an exponential family model, we propose a combined CUSUM-SR procedure that is locally optimal in terms of the delay detection time. The design based on the Average In-control Run Length and comparisons with other procedures are discussed. After a common change is detected, a classifier formed by the post-change parameter estimations is used to isolate the possible candidates for the changed panels, that are then used to estimate the common change-point. To reduce the false discovery rate (FDR), supplementary runs are proposed. Dow Jones 30 Industrial Stock Prices are used for demonstration.
Implementing Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping in Cesarean Birth Using a Novel Method: A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Safety.

Introduction Although delayed cord clamping (DCC) is regarded as the standard of care for all vigorous newborns, those born via cesarean birth are less likely to be afforded this option, especially for longer than 30 to 60 seconds. This pilot study was undertaken to determine whether removal of the placenta before cord clamping to allow for DCC of at least 3 minutes during term, uncomplicated cesarean birth is feasible and without apparent safety issues in order to support a large prospective study on the benefits of this method. Methods Women having a term, uncomplicated cesarean birth who consented to the study were enrolled. Safety was assessed by comparing estimated maternal blood loss, newborn Apgar scores, temperatures, transcutaneous bilirubin levels, need for phototherapy, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions with a matched historical control group of women whose newborns had immediate cord clamping. Feasibility was measured by evaluating staff and maternal comfort with the intervention and by the ability to complete the protocol steps. Results Seventeen women consented to participate. The protocol was successfully completed in 94% of births. There were no differences in maternal and neonatal safety outcome measures between groups. There was high comfort level with the protocol among staff, and there was universal maternal satisfaction. Discussion This method of DCC in cesarean birth appears feasible and safe in this small pilot study and was associated with high maternal satisfaction and clinician comfort. Major organizations such as the American College of Nurse-Midwives and the World Health Organization have called for DCC of up to 3 to 5 minutes in all births, and this simple method has the potential to reach that goal in cesarean birth with minimal apparent risk. A large randomized controlled trial is warranted to determine the neonatal and maternal benefits and safety of this technique compared with a 30-to-60-second delay.
Parity Doubling and SU(2) L ×SU(2) R Restoration in the Hadron Spectrum

We construct the most general nonlinear representation of chiral $\mathrm{SU}(2{)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}(2{)}_{R}$ broken down spontaneously to the isospin SU(2), on a pair of hadrons of same spin and isospin and opposite parity. We show that any such representation is equivalent, through a hadron field transformation, to two irreducible representations on two hadrons of opposite parity with different masses and axial-vector couplings. This implies that chiral symmetry realized in the Nambu-Goldstone mode does not predict the existence of degenerate multiplets of hadrons of opposite parity nor any relations between their couplings or masses.
Quantum sensing of intermittent stochastic signals

Author(s): Mouradian, SL; Glikin, N; Megidish, E; Ellers, KI; Haeffner, H | Abstract: Realistic quantum sensors face a trade-off between the number of sensors measured in parallel and the control and readout fidelity (F) across the ensemble. We investigate how the number of sensors and fidelity affect sensitivity to continuous and intermittent signals. For continuous signals, we find that increasing the number of sensors by 1/F2 for Fl1 always recovers the sensitivity achieved when F=1. However, when the signal is intermittent, more sensors are needed to recover the sensitivity achievable with one perfect quantum sensor. We also demonstrate the importance of near-unity control fidelity and readout at the quantum projection noise limit by estimating the frequency components of a stochastic, intermittent signal with a single trapped ion sensor. Quantum sensing has historically focused on large ensembles of sensors operated far from the standard quantum limit. The results presented in this paper show that this is insufficient for quantum sensing of intermittent signals and reemphasizes the importance of the unique scaling of quantum projection noise near an eigenstate.
Ceres: Harvesting Knowledge from the Semi-structured Web

Knowledge graphs have been used to support a wide range of applications and enhance search and QA for Google, Bing, Amazon Alexa, etc. However, we often miss long-tail knowledge, including unpopular entities, unpopular relations, and unpopular verticals. In this talk we describe our efforts in harvesting knowledge from semi-structured websites, which are often populated according to some templates using vast volume of data stored in underlying databases. We describe our Ceres system, which extracts knowledge from semi-structured web. AutoCeres is a ClosedIE system that extracts knowledge according to existing ontology. It improves the accuracy of fully automatic knowledge extraction from 60%+ of state-of-the-art to 90%+ on semi-structured data. OpenCeres is the first-ever OpenIE system on semi-structured data, that is able to identify new relations not readily included in existing ontologies. ZeroShotCeres goes further and enables extracting knowledge for completely new domains, where there is no seed knowledge for bootstrapping the extraction. Finally, we describe our other efforts in ontology alignment, entity linkage, graph mining, and QA, that allow us to best leverage the knowledge we extract for search and QA.
Toward unzipping the ZIP metal transporters: structure, evolution, and implications on drug discovery against cancer

The Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family consists of divalent metal transporters, ubiquitous in all kingdoms of life. Since the discovery of the first ZIPs in the 1990s, the ZIP family has been expanding to contain tens of thousands of members playing key roles in uptake and homeostasis of life-essential trace elements, primarily zinc, iron and manganese. Some family members are also responsible for toxic metal (particularly cadmium) absorption and distribution. Their central roles in trace element biology, and implications in many human diseases, including cancers, have elicited interest across multiple disciplines for potential applications in biomedicine, agriculture and environmental protection. In this review and perspective, selected areas under rapid progress in the last several years, including structural biology, evolution, and drug discovery against cancers, are summarised and commented. Future research to address the most prominent issues associated with transport and regulation mechanisms are also discussed.
Theoretical study of GaN (0001) surface reconstructions and La and Ga adatoms under N- and Ga-rich conditions

Using density functional theory, we determined that $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ and $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3})\mathrm{R}{30}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ surface reconstructions of bulk-terminated GaN (0001) are degenerate in energy but differ in their electronic structure. Consistent with previous reports, our study of the adsorption energy of Ga adatoms shows that a laterally contracted Ga bilayer is the most energetically favorable surface arrangement under Ga-rich conditions, albeit with a different atomic arrangement of the Ga bilayer than previously reported. We also determined the potential energy surfaces for La and Ga adatoms on bulk-terminated GaN (0001) surface and for a La adatom on a bulk-terminated GaN (0001) covered by a contracted Ga bilayer and discuss possible adatom surface migration paths. An exchange reaction of a La adatom with surface Ga was found to be energetically favorable for both the bulk-terminated and the Ga bilayer-covered surfaces, indicating formation of LaN. A careful study of the diffusion of a La adatom through the Ga bilayer toward the bulk-terminated GaN surface suggests that a lower energy arrangement is achieved when the La adatom exchanges positions with a surface Ga atom. This indicates that ${\mathrm{LaGa}}_{2}$ and LaN are potential materials to form a transition layer to facilitate epitaxial integration of oxides on GaN.
Just a click away.

The precisely ordered helical structures of biomacromolecules have long-inspired chemists to create synthetic helical polymers. Now, a new step-growth approach has enabled facile synthesis of helical polymers through the highly efficient sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange click chemistry.
Active Sense Queue Management (ASQM)

Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms have seen a lot of attention in recent academic literature as well as in the popular press. The problem with traditional AQM is that it is designed to operate on queues at the IP layer. However, the problem popularly called bufferbloat can move about among many queues some of which are resistant to traditional AQM such as Layer 2MAC protocols used in cable/DSL links. We call this problem bufferbloat displacement. Our contribution is a new class of AQM algorithm called Active Sense Queue Management (ASQM). ASQM is an IP layer AQM protocol that has the added benefit of managing Layer 2 link delay, i.e. bufferbloat displacement. We provide testbed experiments comparing ASQM's bandwidth delay characteristics with traditional AQM algorithms demonstrating ASQM's ability to manage bufferbloat displacement where traditional AQM algorithms cannot.
Mercury in organic chemistry: XXI. Methylation of organomercurials via organorhodium species

Abstract Alkenyl-, alkynyl- and arylmercurials are methylated in excellent yield upon treatment with stoichiometric amounts of CH 3 RhI 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 (I) at 70°C in hexamethylphosphoramide with added lithium chloride or methyl iodide. While the reactions can be made catalytic in rhodium using methyl iodide and I as a catalyst, the overall yields and catalyst turnover are low due to competing dimerization of the organomercurials. Organomethylrhodium(III) species are presumed intermediates in these reactions.
Monodispersed core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles.

The ability to synthesize and assemble monodispersed core−shell nanoparticles is important for exploring the unique properties of nanoscale core, shell, or their combinations in technological applications. This paper describes findings of an investigation of the synthesis and assembly of core (Fe3O4)−shell (Au) nanoparticles with high monodispersity. Fe3O4 nanoparticles of selected sizes were used as seeding materials for the reduction of gold precursors to produce gold-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au). Experimental data from both physical and chemical determinations of the changes in particle size, surface plasmon resonance optical band, core−shell composition, surface reactivity, and magnetic properties have confirmed the formation of the core−shell nanostructure. The interfacial reactivity of a combination of ligand-exchanging and interparticle cross-linking was exploited for molecularly mediated thin film assembly of the core−shell nanoparticles. The SQUID data reveal a decrease in magnetization ...
3D time-wavelength-polarization OCDMA coding for increasing the number of users in OCDMA LANs

We experimentally demonstrate a three-dimensional optical code-division-multiple-access (OCDMA) system that encodes user data in time, wavelength, and polarization. Our sample codeset can support >2x the users of a 2D codeset with /spl sim/1.8 dB power penalty.
Religious Commitment, Attributional Style, and Gender as Predictors of Undergraduate Volunteer Behavior and Attitudes:

One hundred twenty-two undergraduates attending a Jesuit university were surveyed concerning their religious commitment, belief in God control, attributional styles, and attitudes and behavior rela...
A genetic prototype learner

Supervised classification problems have received considerable attention from the machine learning community. We propose a novel genetic algorithm based prototype learning system, PLEASE, for this class of problems. Given a set of prototypes for each of the possible classes, the class of an input instance is determined by the prototype nearest to this instance. We assume ordinal attributes and prototypes are represented as sets of feature-value pairs. A genetic algorithm is used to evolve the number of prototypes per class and their positions on the input space as determined by corresponding feature-value pairs. Comparisons with C4.5 on a set of artificial problems of controlled complexity demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
'ΑAΆΤΟΣ at Odyssey 22.5: Greek and Indo-European oaths

AbstractThe meaning of the word άατo at Homer's Odyssey 22.5 becomes clearer examined in conjunction with its occurrence at Iliad 14.271 where it is used as an epithet of the river Styx. Further discussion, by locating the word within the context of IE ordeal rituals, Greek cosmogony and the pre-IE mythology of Greek Arcadia, reveals a complex theology amalgamated from these different sources.
Transpiration rates for several woody successional species and for a pasture in the upper Amazon basin in Venezuela

Evapotranspiration rates for a eight month old tropical pasture were estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation. Transpiration rates for several woody secondary successional species and stump sprous in the pasture and conucos (farm sites) were measured using the tritiated water technique.The stuty area was located near the village of San Carlos de Rio Negro (1° 56' N, 67° 03' W) in southern Venezuela, near the confluence of the Casiquiare and the Rio Guania wich forms the Rio Negro. The terrain was gently rolling with the areas between the small ridges supporting Amazon caatina forests on spodosols, and higher never flooded areas (tierra firma) supporting a mixed species forest.Results indicated that for a one month period, ET loss (0.46 cm/day) from the pasture, including soil and root mat evaporation, was about 0.43 cm/day less than estimated from the adjacent undisturbed forest (0.89 cm/day). Pan A evaporation for the same time period was 0.64 cm/day. Transpiration rates for seed established species were significantly less (0.38 cm/day) than for stump sprouts (1.09 cm/day) of the primary forest in the pasture.
Correction to “Strassen’s theorem for vector measures”

There is a gap in the proof of Theorem 3.2 in my paper [4]. The use of the Kluvanek extension theorem (see page 27 of [1]) at the top of page 816 is unjustified since there is no guarantee that the measure po is strongly additive. In view of this, the statement of Theorem 4.4, whose proof makes use of Theorem 3.2, needs to be revised. A Banach lattice in which every norm bounded increasing sequence converges to its supremum is called a KB-space (see [3] and [5]). Elsewhere in this journal (see [2]), A. Hirshberg and I prove Theorem 3.2 for a measure that takes its values in a KB-space, so Theorem 4.4 does hold for such measures. It is still unknown whether Theorems 3.2 and 4.4 are valid as stated in [4].
Max Horkheimer and the Foundations of the Frankfurt School

Introduction 1. Coming of age in Wilhelmine Germany 2. Student years in Frankfurt 3. A materialist interpretation of the history of modern philosophy 4. The beginnings of a critical theory of contemporary society 5. Horkheimer's integration of psychoanalysis into his theory of contemporary society 6. Horkheimer's concept of materialism in the early 1930s 7. The anthropology of the bourgeois epoch 8. Reflections on dialectical logic in the mid 1930s Excursus I. The theoretical foundations of Horkheimer's split with Erich Fromm in the late 1930s: Fromm's critique of Freud's drive theory Excursus II. Divergence, estrangement, and gradual rapprochement: the evolution of Horkheimer and Adorno's theoretical relationship in the 1930s 9. State capitalism - the end of Horkheimer's early critical theory Epilogue: toward a historicization of Dialectic of Enlightenment and a reconsideration of Horkheimer's early critical theory.
Molecular mechanisms of vertebrate left–right development

Abstract Patterning of all tissues and organs in the vertebrate embryo occurs along the dorsoventral (DV), anteroposterior (AP), and left–right (LR) body axes. Whereas significant progress has been made in identifying the processes underlying DV and AP patterning, relatively little is known about mechanisms guiding LR development. The significant incidence of human disease conditions associated with LR laterality defects, particularly those of the cardiovascular system, underscores the importance of understanding how LR asymmetries become established in the embryo. The focus of this review is on recently identified genes that are involved in generation of vertebrate LR asymmetry, and the proposed cellular and molecular mechanisms by which they might function in initiation, propagation and interpretation of LR patterning information.
Physique and motor performance characteristics of US national rugby players

Anthropometric and performance data were collected on 65 US rugby players (mean age=26.3 years) to make comparisons on these characteristics by player position and performance level. Anthropometry included stature, body mass, nine skinfolds, two girths and two bone breadths. Skinfold patterns, estimated percent fat and Heath‐Carter somatotypes were calculated from anthropometry. Motor performance measures included standing vertical jump, 40 yard dash, 110 yard dash, shuttle run, repeated jump in place, push‐up, sit‐up and squat thrust. Descriptive statistics were used for the total sample as well as selected sub‐groups. Discriminant function analyses were employed to determine which combination of variables best discriminated between position and level of performance for the anthropometric and performance data. The results indicated that forwards were taller, heavier and had more subcutaneous adiposity than backs. Additionally, forwards and backs differed in somatotypes, with forwards being more endo‐meso...
XFEM modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation in polymer matrix particulate/fibrous composites

Abstract A method for representing discontinuous material properties in a heterogeneous domain by the extended finite element method (XFEM) has been applied to study ultrasonic wave propagation in polymer matrix particulate/fibrous composites. Representative volume elements of the composite material microstructure were generated by the random sequential adsorption (RSA) algorithm, where level set fields represent the matrix/inclusion interfaces within the domain. The equations of motion were integrated explicitly in time with mass lumping on the nodal and enriched degrees of freedom. This method shows improved agreement of the wave attenuation coefficients (WAC) from experimental measurements of ultrasonic, longitudinal waves in particulate composites compared with analytical methods, especially for the high volume fraction. The WAC were also computed for fiber composites, including random and aligned fiber orientations. Our results suggest that fibers aligned with the direction of wave propagation produce the greatest amount of attenuation, where scattering is the dominant energy attenuation mechanism when the wavelength approaches the characteristic length of the microstructure.
Cross-Talk And Transit-Time Effects In Stroboscopic Voltage Measurements Via Electron Emission

The dependence on geometry, extraction field, electron start energy, and rise time of the input signal is investigated for the transit-time and cross-talk effects in stroboscopic voltage measurements via electron emission. The investigation yields information about the best achievable time resolution and the disturbance of measured signals by signals on neighboring conductors in corresponding contactless voltage-measuring techniques like photoemission sampling and electron-beam sampling.
AUTOCORRELATION AND VISUAL MAP COMPLEXITY

ABSTRACT One important element in the overall look of a quantitative map is the relationship between neighboring values as they appear on the map, i.e., the autocorrelation in the map based on the classes into which the values fall. Methods of calculating this relationship objectively include rank autocorrelation; proportions of identical neighbors; average differences between neighboring values; number of clusters; and a weighted “proportion'’value which includes a contribution from every neighboring pair, the amount of contribution varying inversely with the differences between the paired values. The first lag relationships appear to be most meaningful in terms of the visual appearance of hypothetical blocks of data (“maps”). Some of these measures are related to the way in which subjects order the blocks according to “spatial complexity,'’although checkerboard patterns in particular introduce differences between measured and subjective sequences.
Progress toward a better understanding of signal generation in laser-excited photothermal spectrometry of homogeneous samples

Abstract This article examines some recent experiments and theories that have advanced our understanding of the physical effects following thermal relaxation of the excited state. Experiments which show that the temperature-dependent refractive index is composed of density and pure-thermal terms are discussed. The importance of the purely thermal term is that it allows ultra-fast pulsed excitation sources to be used in photothermal refraction spectroscopy. This opens up new areas of applications in ultra-fast measurement. The effect of and progress towards the elucidation of specific volume changes are reviewed. Finally, recent progress in understanding nonlinear optical absorption and its effect on the photothermal signal are summarized.
Hypothermia as an index of the disulfiram-ethanol reaction in the rat

Abstract Decreased core temperature in female rats was investigated as one possible index of the disulfiramethanol reaction (DER). Core temperature was decreased in rats in a dose-dependent manner when ethanol was administered to rats treated with disulfiram 8 hours before the ethanol challenge. The decrease in temperature began within 20 minutes after ethanol administration, reaching a maximal decrease between 60 and 120 minutes post ethanol. The core temperature returned to normal 300 minutes after ethanol. The blood pressure (carotid cannulation) decreased along with the core temperature. Maximal hypotension was found 120 minutes post ethanol, and returned to normal 300 minutes after ethanol. Heart rate increased initially and returned to normal 40 minutes after ethanol challenge.
MEDS and PocR are novel domains with a predicted role in sensing simple hydrocarbon derivatives in prokaryotic signal transduction systems

We identify two conserved domains in diverse bacterial and archaeal signaling proteins. One of them, the MEDS domain, is typified by the DmcR protein from Methylococcus and the other by the PocR protein of Salmonella typhi. We provide evidence that both these domains are likely to sense simple hydrocarbon derivatives and transduce downstream signals on binding these ligands. The PocR ligand-binding domain is shown to contain a novel variant of the fold found in PAS and GAF domains. The MEDS domain is present in both methylotrophs and complex methanogens, and both the MEDS and PocR domains show a lineage-specific expansion in the latter organisms, suggesting a role in sensing their principle growth substrates. The MEDS domain is also found in the negative regulators of the sigma factor SigB in actinomycetes, including pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hence it is possible that these sigma factors, involved in aerial mycelium development and stress response in the actinomycetes, might be under the regulation of as yet uncharacterized small molecules. Contact: aravind@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Surgical Care Improvement Project measure for postoperative glucose control should not be used as a measure of quality after cardiac surgery

Objective The current Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) measure for controlled postoperative 6- am glycemic control after cardiac surgery identifies those with blood glucose levels of ≤200 mg/dL. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of achieving this SCIP measure on risk-adjusted postoperative cardiac surgical outcomes. Methods The data were analyzed for all cardiac surgery patients from a single institution (June 2010 to August 2012). The patients were categorized by the postoperative 6- am glucose levels into 2 SCIP measure cohorts: SCIP (≤200 mg/dL) versus non-SCIP (>200 mg/dL). Propensity-matched cohort comparisons and multiple regression analyses assessed the associations between SCIP measure compliance and the risk-adjusted outcomes. Results Of 1703 patients, 1527 (90%) achieved SCIP measure glycemic control. Preoperative diabetes was more common among the non-SCIP patients ( P P = .14) was similar between the 2 groups. No significant differences were observed in major morbidity, mortality, or resource usage among the propensity-matched cohorts. After adjustment for Society of Thoracic Surgeons-predicted risk, non-SCIP status was not associated with increased mortality ( P = .44), composite major morbidity ( P = .16), major sternal complications ( P = .68), total intensive care unit duration ( P = .70), or postoperative length of stay ( P = .27). Similar risk-adjusted results were estimated for patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusions Achieving the SCIP measure for controlled postoperative 6- am blood glucose levels ≤200 mg/dL after cardiac surgery was not associated with improved risk-adjusted mortality, morbidity, or hospital resource usage. These data suggest that this metric might not be a valid measure of postoperative cardiac surgical quality.
Stakeholder Involvement in Indicator Selection: Case Studies and Levels of Participation

Governmental agencies, Tribal Nations, scientists, managers, and the public are interested in assessing the health of ecosystems and their component parts, including humans. Assessing and monitoring human and ecosystem health requires the use of a suite of bioindicators that are biologically, methodologically, and societally relevant, and can be used effectively over time to assess trends and provide early warning. Often the latter consideration is ignored, or at best assumed. This paper examines the role of stakeholders in indicator selection specifically, and suggests that societal relevance should include participation and collaboration with a full range of Tribal Nations and stakeholders, as well as federal and state agencies. The inclusion of a full range of Tribal Nations and stakeholders can result in the development of bioindicators useful for ecosystem health assessment, human effects and interventions, human health assessment, evaluating the efficacy of remediation, and evaluating sustainability...
Novelty and temporal contiguity in taste aversion learning: Within-subjects conditioning effects

Rats (N= 144) received preexposure to 12% sucrose,.9% saline, or tap water prior to aversion training in which they all received presentation of saline and sucrose in series before an intraperitoneal injection of.15-M lithium chloride. Between-groups comparisons of aversion effects, measured with a two-bottle choice procedure (i.e., sucrose or saline vs. tap water), showed that preexposure to sucrose or to saline eradicated aversion to the familiarized flavor but did not affect aversion to the novel flavor. Aversion effects to the novel flavor following sucrose or saline preexposure were highly similar to those that occurred to novel sucrose and saline flavors following tap water preexposure. Order of flavor presentation in aversion training did not affect the reliable demonstration of differential aversion effects to novel and familiarized taste cues.
Detection of Explosives Using Laser Desorption in Ion Mobility Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry

Laser desorption is used to volatilize explosive materials for analysis by ion mobility/mass spectrometry measurements. The laser desorption is performed at relatively low power (<107 W/cm2) so that mainly neutrals are produced, which are subsequently ionized by 63Ni-β-source induced ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure ionization, together with the soft vaporization method, produces relatively simple spectra of the explosives investigated, yielding ions that are very characteristic of each molecule for identification. The technique has great potential for high sensitivity based upon the combination of complete laser vaporization of the sample and the API method, which is an extremely efficient form of ionization for these molecules with high electron affinities.
Principles of Learning and Memory

Foreword to the Classic Edition by Henry L. Roediger, III, and James S. Nairne. Background Comments and Three Analytic Concepts. Iconic Memory. Echoic Memory. Recoding by Speech in Short-Term Memory. Nonverbal Memory. Primary Memory. Forgetting in Short-Term Memory. The Interference Theory of Forgetting in Long-Term Memory. The Effects of Repetition on Memory. The Organization of Memory in Free Recall. Retrieval. Serial Organization in Learning and Memory.
The solar system beyond Neptune, edited by M. A. Barucci, H. Boehnhardt, D. P. Cruikshank, and A. Morbidelli

Book Review: The Solar System Beyond Neptune, M. A. Barucci, H. Boehnhardt, D. P. Cruikshank, A. Morbidelli (Eds.). Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press (2008).
Cyclic performance of a type of steel beam to steel-encased reinforced concrete column moment connection

Abstract Two full-scale subassemblies with steel-encased reinforced concrete (SRC) columns and steel beams were tested to evaluate the seismic performance of the connection details. For ease of construction, continuity plates were eliminated and less transverse reinforcement than that specified in the NEHRP seismic provisions was used in the connection region. The reduced beam section was introduced to reduce the shear demand on the connection. In addition, two doubler plates were placed away from the column web to enhance the connection shear resistance. This study showed that: (1) the stringent requirement for the transverse reinforcement could be relaxed; (2) the offset doubler plates were able to resist a significant amount of connection shear; and (3) the inner concrete strut could be mobilized in the two-sided moment connection, but not in the one-sided moment connection.
Hypoxia-induced Ca2+-influx in cerebral cortical neuronal nuclei of newborn piglets

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on nuclear calcium-influx in the cerebral cortex of newborn piglets. Anesthetized and ventilated newborn piglets divided into normoxic (n=4) and hypoxic groups with varying degrees of tissue hypoxia (n=10) were studied. Nuclear Ca2+-influx was determined using 45Ca2+ and plotted against ATP and phosphocreatine levels. The plots were analyzed by non-linear regression (exponential) analysis that showed a curvilinear relationship (r=0.92 for ATP and r=0.88 for phosphocreatine). These data suggest a threshold at which there is a sudden increase in the nuclear calcium-influx that then continues to increase with further decrease in the ATP and phosphocreatine levels. The results demonstrate an increase in the nuclear Ca2+-influx during hypoxia in newborn piglets and that this increase correlates in a curvilinear fashion with the increase in the degree of cerebral tissue hypoxia. We propose that the hypoxia-induced increase in intranuclear Ca2+ is due to altered nuclear membrane Ca2+-influx mechanisms and will lead to Ca2+-mediated alteration of apoptotic gene expression as well as Ca2+-dependent activation of endonucleases that result in DNA fragmentation and subsequent programmed neuronal cell death.