cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The infrared radiance and the optical detection of fires and explosions

The optical detection of an explosion or fire event is considered quantitatively in terms of the source radiance, background or stray irradiances, and the spectral responsitivities of the available sensors. The infrared spectral source radiances from spherical methane-air “ignitions” were measured and the data analyzed. They served as a basis for the development of a new detector which uses wavelength selection about the 4.4-μm CO2 band to detect fires and explosions rapidly and reliably; and to discriminate effectively against false sources. The data are also of fundamental interest, yielding consistent temperatures and spectral growth patterns. An equation is derived fro the fraction of combustion power radiating to free space which seems to approach a natural limit for slow explosion of large size. Typical radiance data from hydrocarbon pool flames are also considered. An earlier, empirical, linear correlation of large pool burning rate with the ratio, Hc/Hv, is revised and related to radiative transport factors and the limit burning velocity for quenching by natural convection at the flammability threshold.
Metallurgical analysis and nanoindentation characterization of Ti-6Al-4V workpiece and chips in high-throughput drilling

Abstract The metallurgical analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microprobe, and nanoindentation characterization are conducted to study the Ti–6Al–4V hole surface and subsurface and the chips in high-throughput drilling tests. The influence of high temperature, large strain, and high strain rate deformation on the β → α phase transformation and mechanical properties is investigated. Diffusionless β → α phase transformation in the subsurface layer adjacent to the hole surface can be observed in dry drilling, but not in other drilling conditions with the supply of cutting fluid. Nanoindentation tests identify a 15–20 μm high hardness subsurface layer with peak hardness over 9 GPa, relative to the 4–5 GPa bulk material hardness, adjacent to the hole surface in dry drilling. For drilling chips, the β phase is retained under all conditions tested due to rapid cooling. On the chips, the saw-tooth feature and narrow shear bands are only formed at the outmost edge and no significant change of hardness across the shear bands can be found in nanoindentation.
Polarimetric MIMO radar target detection using game theory

Polarimetric radar systems allow the flexibility of transmitting arbitrarily polarized waveforms that match the scattering profiles of the target. Since different types of targets have varying profiles, the advantages of a polarimetric radar system can fully be exploited only when the type of target is accurately estimated. However, accurate estimation requires a significant amount of training data, which can be expensive. We propose a polarimetric design scheme for distributed Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar target detection. We formulate the selection of transmit polarizations using a game theoretic framework by examining the impact of all possible transmit schemes on the detection performance with different available target profiles. This approach does not require training data, and we show a significant performance improvement due to the polarimetric design.
Immunocytochemical analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor alpha isoform (GRα) using a GRα-specific antibody

The alpha isoform of the glucocorticoid receptor (GRalpha) binds glucocorticoids and functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Although GRalpha is expressed in almost all tissues and cells, its subcellular distribution is controversial. Many studies have reported that GRalpha translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a hormone-dependent manner whereas others have concluded that GRalpha is constitutively located in the nucleus. These conflicting data may result from the use of antibodies that do not discriminate GRalpha from a splice variant of the GR gene termed GRbeta. Using a GRbeta-specific antibody, we have recently demonstrated that GRbeta resides in the nucleus of cells independent of glucocorticoid treatment. In the following study we have generated a novel GRalpha-specific antibody (AShGR) in order to assess, unambiguously, the subcellular distribution of GRalpha. AShGR recognizes recombinant GRalpha on Western blots and in immunoprecipitation experiments but does not cross-react with recombinant GRbeta. Endogenous GRalpha is detected by AShGR in a variety of human cell lines including HeLa S3, CEM-C7, HEK-293, MCF-7, Hep G2, and secondary lung epithelial cells. In addition, AShGR detects endogenous rat and mouse GRalpha. Immunocytochemistry was performed with AShGR on COS-I cells transfected with human GRalpha and on HTC rat hepatoma cells expressing endogenous GRalpha. In both systems, GRalpha was found in the cytoplasm of cells in the absence of hormone and in the nucleus after hormone treatment. These studies mark the first time a GRalpha-specific antibody has been employed to examine the expression and subcellular distribution of endogenous GRalpha.
Ferrimagnetism of manganese ferrite-chromite

Abstract A study of manganese ferrite-chromite by means of magnetic moment, electronic resonance, and neutron diffraction measurements shows clearly that a compensation composition exists when about half the iron is replaced by chromium, and that spiral spin configurations form when just over three-fourths the iron has been replaced. In the regions where these transitions take place, microwave resonance absorption curves become very broad and the effective g factor shifts to very large values. For the higher chromium compositions, there are discrepancies between the magnetic moment measurements and sublattice values from neutron diffraction, probably connected with the occurrence of spirals.
Anionic 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate complexes with some divalent first-row transition metals

Abstract A series of Na2[M(pdc)2]·nH2O complexes (M = MnII, CoII, NiII, CuII, and ZnII; pdc2− = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate; n = 2 or 3) have been synthesized and characterized via molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, IR and electronic spectral measurements, and thermogravimetry. The compounds are 2:1 electrolytes in aqueous solution and contain six-coordinate anionic complex ions. The loss of water and the decomposition of the anhydrous salts differ from compound to compound in this series; residues consist of Na2CO3 and metal oxide.
Distortion-free freehand-scanning OCT implemented with real-time scanning speed variance correction

Hand-held OCT systems that offer physicians greater freedom to access imaging sites of interest could be useful for many clinical applications. In this study, by incorporating the theoretical speckle model into the decorrelation function, we have explicitly correlated the cross-correlation coefficient to the lateral displacement between adjacent A-scans. We used this model to develop and study a freehand-scanning OCT system capable of real-time scanning speed correction and distortion-free imaging—for the first time to the best our knowledge. To validate our model and the system, we performed a series of calibration experiments. Experimental results show that our method can extract lateral scanning distance. In addition, using the manually scanned hand-held OCT system, we obtained OCT images from various samples by freehand manual scanning, including images obtained from human in vivo.
Suppression of running times by olfactory stimuli

Thirsty rats running a straight-way for water were exposed to the odor of rats which had received foot-shock, a perfumed spray deodorant, and the essence of cat. Running times of Ss increased when they first encountered each of the odors. The odor of cat was particularly effective in suppressing Ss’ approach. The first encounter with the odors seemed to function as a mild punishment. Control for odors such as those left by rats which have received foot-shock may be important in many experimental situations.
Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pumping: Theory and Practice Experience with 325 Patients

Intra-aortic balloon pumping to support the failing circulation is now an accepted therapeutic modality. The device is simple. Insertion can be accomplished rapidly and efficiently in emergency rooms, coronary care units, cardiac catheterization suites and operating rooms, preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. The hemodynamic effects are immediate and predictable, and the accruing clinical results show increasing survival and hospital discharge rates. In these institutions, mechanical support of the circulation by this and more advanced methods has been formalized within the responsibility of a Circulatory Support Service. The purpose of this Report is to summarize some observations and analyses which have been made during care of 325 consecutive postcardiotomy and/or postinfarction cardiogenic shock patients. Historical, theoretical, basic, and applied aspects and current results are included. Foremost are the straightforward concepts of considering the heart as a pump, the failing heart as a failing pump and intra-aortic balloon pumping as a temporary intravascular, auxiliary pump, capable of stabilizing or reversing that failure if utilized early in its evolution.
A simple method based on NMR spectroscopy and ultramicroelectrode voltammetry for the determination of the number of electrons in faradaic processes

A new, convenient method to determine the number of electrons (n) involved in a faradaic process was demonstrated using a series of four compounds containing two, three, four, and eight equivalent ferrocene centers. The method takes advantage of pulse gradient stimulated echo (PGSE) NMR spectroscopy to determine the diffusion coefficient (Do) of the electroactive species. The value of n is subsequently determined from the steady-state limiting current (iL) measured on a disk ultramicroelectrode.
Enzyme Defects in Immunodeficiency Diseases

Primary immunodeficiency disorders have traditionally been classified as to whether the cellular, the humoral or both arms of the immune system are affected [10]. The recent discovery of three, [42, 43, 66] and possibly four [28] specific inherited molecular defects which give rise to immunodeficiency syndromes, provides a further basis for diagnosis, classification and delineation of primary immune disorders. Thus, inherited absence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) usually gives rise to the clinical syndrome of severe combined immunodeficiency, purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency to a cellular immune deficiency syndrome and absence of transcobalamin II to agammaglobulinemia, as well as defects of other hematopoietic stem cells. Finally, diminished activity of 5′ nucleotidase has been found associated with hypogammaglobulinemia [28, 70]. The finding of specific molecular defects also provides tools for further insight into the differentiation and interaction of the components of the immune system, the metabolic pathways involved and potentially for development of selective immunosuppressive agents and for metabolic manipulation of abnormalities of the immune response.
Visible embodiment: Gestures as simulated action

Spontaneous gestures that accompany speech are related to both verbal and spatial processes. We argue that gestures emerge from perceptual and motor simulations that underlie embodied language and mental imagery. We first review current thinking about embodied cognition, embodied language, and embodied mental imagery. We then provide evidence that gestures stem from spatial representations and mental images. We then propose the gestures-as-simulated-action framework to explain how gestures might arise from an embodied cognitive system. Finally, we compare this framework with other current models of gesture production, and we briefly outline predictions that derive from the framework.
Sliding behavior of dual phase steels in vacuum and in air

Abstract While the importance of fatigue failure is well established in rolling systems, the evidence for a correlation of fatigue with sliding wear is less convincing. McEvily has reported striking differences in the fatigue properties of two dual phase steels, one containing martensite islands in a ferrite matrix (type A) and one containing ferrite islands in a martensite matrix (type B). We have examined the sliding behavior of these same materials in vacuum and in air for various sliding distances. The pin-on-disk tests included self-mated pairs and tests with molybdenum as a counterface. Post-test analysis included the use of microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopy (including local chemical analysis) and X-ray diffraction analysis of the wear surfaces, sample cross-sections and wear debris. Transitions from low to high friction were associated with transfer processes and mechanical mixing. The wear rates of the type A and B samples were similar in vacuum. However, in air, the wear rates of the type B samples were increased by about 100 times. The lack of correlation with fatigue properties is not yet understood. Any of the following could be responsible: short crack (initiation) phenomena; large local stress intensities; surface material associated with transfer.
Operating systems for microcomputers: good, bad, and non-existant

Microcomputers are becoming an important area of study in computer science, as their quantities in-crease, their prices decrease, and they become more common and distributed throughout society. Yet perhaps the least considered and developed area of microcomputer systems is that of their operating systems.In this paper will be an attempt to classify currently available operating systems into three categories. First is the machine without any specific group of software known as an operating system. However, key firmware packages contain services something akin to OS primitives. Second is the primitive system usually readily available, perhaps at no charge, with an OEM hardware device. This type of operating system typically supports this OEM device, some system console device, and a limited set of commands, and it also manages some basic file structure. The third type is also the most advanced type available -- the full-scope operating system, such as Digital Research CP/M. This type provides both a software standard compatible across machines and a full set of features including expandability, a complex file structure, and an ability to support many devices.Besides describing the categories involved, this paper will also cite typical examples, describe current problems, and suggest areas for future improvement as this field advances.
Analysis and Spectral Assignments of Mixed Actinide Oxide Samples Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

In this paper, we report for the first time the identification and assignments of complex atomic emission spectra of mixed actinide oxides using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy or laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Preliminary results of LIBS measurements on samples of uranium dioxide (UO2)/plutonium dioxide (PuO2) and UO2/PuO2/americium dioxide (AmO2)/neptunium dioxide (NpO2) simulated fuel pellets (or mixed actinide oxide samples) are reported and discussed. We have identified and assigned >800 atomic emission lines for a UO2/PuO2/AmO2/NpO2 fuel pellet thus far. The identification and assignments of spectral emission lines for U, Pu, and Am are consistent with wavelength data from the literature. However, only a few emission lines have been assigned with a high degree of confidence for Np compared with atomic emission data from the literature. We also indicate where atomic emission lines for Cm would most likely appear in the spectral regions shown. Finally, we demonstrate that a LIBS system with a resolving power of approximately 20 000 is adequate for analyzing complex mixtures of actinide elements within the same sample.
Microelectrode Study of Delayed Conduction in the Canine Right Bundle Branch

The electrophysiology of conduction delay was investigated in the semi-isolated right bundle branch of 30 large mongrel dogs. Delay was produced by the external application of an electric blocking current to the bundle branch. Multiple recordings with glass capillary microelectrodes revealed two basic deflections associated with the delay phenomenon. An initial, or leading, deflection originated from the proximal or leading edge of the block and was rapidly transmitted through the block with progressive decay of voltage and rise velocity. A second, or trailing, deflection originated from the regenerative response at the distal or trailing edge of the block and was rapidly transmitted retrograde into the block, with progressive decay of voltage and rise velocity. The transmitted potentials appeared to be electrotonic in nature. The leading deflection appeared to be the transmitted event which maintained a conduction ratio of 1:1 through the block. The magnitude of delay was then related to the time required for this deflection to reach the threshold potential and initiate a regenerative response in the trailing portion of the block where the cells were less affected by the blocking current.
Metabolic surgery for type 2 diabetes

Clinicians note that bariatric operations can dramatically resolve type 2 diabetes, often before and out of proportion to postoperative weight loss. Now two randomized controlled trials formally show superior results from surgical compared with medical diabetes care, including among only mildly obese patients. The concept of 'metabolic surgery' to treat diabetes has taken a big step forward.
KDM4A Lysine Demethylase Induces Site-Specific Copy Gain and Rereplication of Regions Amplified in Tumors

Acquired chromosomal instability and copy number alterations are hallmarks of cancer. Enzymes capable of promoting site-specific copy number changes have yet to be identified. Here, we demonstrate that H3K9/36me3 lysine demethylase KDM4A/JMJD2A overexpression leads to localized copy gain of 1q12, 1q21, and Xq13.1 without global chromosome instability. KDM4A-amplified tumors have increased copy gains for these same regions. 1q12h copy gain occurs within a single cell cycle, requires S phase, and is not stable but is regenerated each cell division. Sites with increased copy number are rereplicated and have increased KDM4A, MCM, and DNA polymerase occupancy. Suv39h1/KMT1A or HP1γ overexpression suppresses the copy gain, whereas H3K9/K36 methylation interference promotes gain. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of a chromatin modifier results in site-specific copy gains. This begins to establish how copy number changes could originate during tumorigenesis and demonstrates that transient overexpression of specific chromatin modulators could promote these events.
Cavernous metastatic pulmonary carcinoma; a report of two cases.

Metastatic carcinoma has been scarcely mentioned as a cause of pulmonary cavitation in the texts and articles on this subject.’.2 The purpose of this report is to review the literature and to describe the clinical, roentgen and pathological findings in two cases of cavernous metastatic carcinoma of the lungs. In one of these, spontaneous pneumothorax was an associated finding. Articles pertaining to the roentgen diagnosis of pulmonary metastases stress the classical pictures of nodular, miliary, infiltrative, and massive types. In a 10 year survey of 78 autopsied cases of metastatic pulmonary disease, Farrell3 reported one with multiple cavities in the lungs due to metastatic sarcoma. Minor4 reported four with cavernous lesions in a series of 312 cases of metastatic pulmonary carcinoma. The detailed roentgen and pathological findings were not described in these articles. Five cases of spontaneous pneumothorax associated with metastatic sarcoma have been reported; three by Lodmell and Capps,5 and two by Thornton and Bigelow.6
An exploration of joint toxic action: twenty-seven industrial chemicals intubated in rats in all possible pairs.

Abstract Prediction of the safety or hazard of various exposures to mixtures of chemicals must often be made in the absence of knowledge of the mode of their joint toxic action. The rat peroral LD50 was determined for 50% by volume mixtures of all possible pairs among 27 commercial organic chemicals. The results indicate that the harmonic mean formula for additive joint toxicity satisfactorily predicted the toxicity of a large proportion of the pairs. The soundest hypothesis for the joint action of untested pairs is that of additive toxic action. Pairs deviating most markedly from this mode of joint action are listed.
Advertising and the Corporate Conscience

Prominent critics such as California state senator Ted Lieu have decried Lowe's decision to pull advertising from All-American Muslim as “un-American” and as an act of “naked religious bigotry” (Li...
Thermal decomposition of energetic materials 31—Fast thermolysis of ammonium nitrate, ethylenediammonium dinitrate and hydrazinium nitrate and the relationship to the burning rate

Abstract High-heating-rate (≤100°C/s) thermolysis studies at various pressures (1–1000 psi) are described for NH4NO3(AN), [NH3CH2CH2NH3](NO3)2(EDDN), [NH2NH3](NO3)(HN), 50 50 AN/EDDN, and 67 33 HAN/HN (HAN = hydroxylammonium nitrate) by using the rapid-scan FTIR/thermal profiling technique. For all of the solid materials, melting is detected in advance of decomposition. HNO3 is the first gas decomposition product detected, and undoubtedly is formed by endothermic proton transfer. Pressures above atmospheric are required to produce exothermic events, probably because the gas decomposition products are able to build around the condensed phase to the critical concentration needed for ignition. HN3 is a significant decomposition product of HN and mixtures containign HN, which may contribute to the high impact sensitivity of the material. For all of the nitrate salts and mixtures investigated, AN is found to be a recombination product during thermal decomposition. This fact may contribute to the similarity of the burning rates of aluminized propellants made from these materials.
A new method for the prediction of peripheral vascular resistance from the preoperative angiogram

The preoperative angiogram is widely used to estimate runoff prior to infrainguinal bypass grafting, but the traditional method of angiographic scoring (0, 1, 2, or 3 based on the number of patent tibial vessels) correlates poorly with measurements of peripheral vascular resistance. We assigned a score of 0, 1, or 2 to each of four parameters (anterior and posterior tibial arteries [AT and PT], peroneal artery [PER], and plantar arch [ARCH]) on the preoperative angiograms of 39 patients admitted for elective femoral bypass grafting. These scores were then examined for their ability to correlate with the peripheral vascular resistance measured in each patient at the time of surgery. Multiple linear regression suggested that the scores assigned to the AT, PT, and ARCH were significantly correlated with observed resistance, but the PER subscore was not. Multiple linear regression of the AT, PT, and ARCH subscores suggested that resistance could be predicted from the equation: In (Resistance [mm Hg/ml/min]) = 0.786 - 0.268(AT) - 0.25(PT) - 0.358(ARCH), for which r = 0.78 and p less than 0.001. The ability of this relationship to predict resistance was tested by a division of the patient population into two roughly equal groups based on their observed resistance at surgery. When tested in this fashion, this equation had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 82%. These findings suggest that the preoperative angiogram can be graded in a simple, yet unambiguous way, which allows a reasonable prediction of peripheral vascular resistance.
Initial-state relaxation effects in molecular Auger spectra

The initial-state valence relaxation of the molecular orbitals to the presence of the core hole is found to have a significant effect upon the core-valence-valence Auger decay probabilities and hence upon the Auger line shape. Comparisons are made of experimental and theoretical line shapes of ammonia and ethane. The best theoretical amplitudes were calculated by using self-consistent initial-state molecular orbitals which were projected upon the final states. The use of explicit initial-state orbitals leads to significant improvement over a simpler approach consisting of the use of minimum basis set ground-state orbitals and atomic Auger matrix elements.
Snail darters and sacred places: creative application of the endangered species act.

Rather than exploring how indigenous people have been alienated from resources by environmental policies, this paper explores how indigenous peoples have worked with environmental organizations to use the broad protections provided by environmental laws to protect cultural resources. The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, along with other concerned groups, partnered with environmentalists in opposing the destruction of the endangered snail darter’s critical habitat by the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Tellico Dam. The dam had been opposed by a shifting alliance of Cherokees, local farmers, trout fisherman, and environmentalists since it was announced in 1963. A previous lawsuit by this coalition delayed the project from 1972 to 1974 under the National Environmental Policy Act. The Endangered Species Act provided this coalition with a powerful tool for opposing the destruction of burial grounds and sacred village sites throughout the lower Little Tennessee River valley. The coalition of environmental organizations, Cherokees, and others was ultimately unsuccessful in stopping the dam from being built, but was successful in establishing a strict precedent for the enforcement of the Endangered Species Act. The lawsuit also created a space for the Eastern Band to negotiate for the return of Cherokee remains and halt the removal of any additional burials. In this situation, the strategic support of environmental regulation enabled the Eastern Band to exert some degree of control over the fate of cultural resources in the valley, and also demonstrates the significant role American Indian peoples played in one of the seminal events of the environmental movement during the 1970s.
Teaching Managerial Communication to ESL and Native-Speaker Undergraduates:

Management students need to learn both analytic and communication skills to be successful in the university and at work. Communicative methods used to teach English as a Second Language (ESL), such as collaborative learning, dialogue journals, peer review, and oral presentations, can be adapted readily to teaching analytical and communication skills to native and nonnative speakers of English. ESL strategies work well to enable learners to analyze readings and form and communicate well-developed opinions in the context of case studies and media critiques used in business communication.
Discovery of a highly selective PLD2 inhibitor (ML395): a new probe with improved physiochemical properties and broad spectrum antiviral activity against influenza strains

Further chemical optimization of the halopemide-derived family of dual phospholipase D1/2 (PLD1/2) inhibitors afforded ML395 (VU0468809), a potent, >80-fold PLD2 selective allosteric inhibitor (cellular PLD1, IC50 >30,000 nM; cellular PLD2, IC50 =360 nM). Moreover, ML395 possesses an attractive in vitro DMPK profile, improved physiochemical properties, ancillary pharmacology (Eurofins Panel) cleaner than any other reported PLD inhibitor, and has been found to possess interesting activity as an antiviral agent in cellular assays against a range of influenza strains (H1, H3, H5 and H7).
Beam analysis spectrometer for relativistic heavy ions

Abstract A versatile spectrometer useful for measuring the mass, charge, energy, fluence and angular distribution of primaries and fragments associated with relativistic heavy ion beams is described. The apparatus is designed to provide accurate physical data for biology experiments and medical therapy planning as a function of depth in tissue. The spectrometer can also be used to measure W, the average energy to produce an ion pair, range-energ, dE/dx, and removal cross section data of interest in nuclear physics.
Abstract 4901: BMI1 is not a marker of cancer or stem cells in the prostate.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The polycomb gene, BMI1, has been reported to be critical in regulating self-renewal and proliferation of a number of tissue-specific normal as well as cancer stem cells, and it has been shown to be overexpressed in several tumor types. BMI1 has been reported to be highly expressed in the prostate basal cell compartment (Lukacs et al 2010, Cell Stem Cell 7: 682-693), which houses prostate stem cells (Robinson et al 1998, Prostate 37: 149-160), as well as being upregulated in prostate cancer (Lukacs et al 2010, van Leenders et al 2007, Eur Urol 52: 455-463). However, other studies have not found BMI1 levels to correlate with prostate cancer (Wolters et al 2010, BJU Int 106: 280-286). We used immunohistochemical staining as well as chromogenic in situ hybridization to characterize the pattern of BMI1 expression in normal prostate as well as primary and metastatic adenocarcinoma specimens using both standard glass slides and tissue microarrays. For our IHC staining, we used the antibody from Cell Signaling, and we validated that on human prostate tissue, a single band is obtained by western immunoblot. Using this antibody, we were unable to show any consistent difference in BMI1 protein between prostate basal and luminal cells, with generally abundant staining in both compartments. Similar findings were seen with in situ hybridization for BMI1 mRNA. We also found that BMI1 is not consistently upregulated in primary or metastatic human prostate cancers, albeit most tumor cells in most cases showed robust nuclear staining. The findings that BMI1 is not enriched in the stem cell compartment, does not label only a subset of prostate cancer cells, and is not generally upregulated in prostate cancer to any significant degree supports the concept that BMI1 would not be considered a marker of stem cells, cancer stem cells or a cancer biomarker in the prostate. Citation Format: Laxmi Gurunatham Pellakuru, Berrak Ocal-Gumuskaya, Qizhi Zheng, Jessica Hicks, Angelo De Marzo. BMI1 is not a marker of cancer or stem cells in the prostate. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4901. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4901
An Adaptive Low Pass Filter

A low pass filter circuit for periodic functions is proposed which has a variable break frequency. The break frequency is a function of the fundamental frequency of the input waveform. Multiple pole networks may be made by cascading sections of the single pole filter circuit. Adaptive circuit operation depends on principles of feedback, filtering and harmonic content of periodic functions.
The Down regulated in Adenoma (dra) gene encodes an intestine-specific membrane sulfate transport protein.

Abstract A gene has been described, Down Regulated in Adenoma (dra), which is expressed in normal colon but is absent in the majority of colon adenomas and adenocarcinomas. However, the function of this protein is unknown. Because of sequence similarity to a recently cloned membrane sulfate transporter in rat liver, the transport function of Dra was examined. We established that dra encodes for a Na-independent transporter for both sulfate and oxalate using microinjected Xenopus oocytes as an assay system. Sulfate transport was sensitive to the anion exchange inhibitor DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyano-2,2′disulfonic acid stilbene). Using an RNase protection assay, we found that dra mRNA expression is limited to the small intestine and colon in mouse, therefore identifying Dra as an intestine-specific sulfate transporter. dra also had a unique pattern of expression during intestinal development. Northern blot analysis revealed a low level of expression in colon at birth with a marked increase in the first 2 postnatal weeks. In contrast, there was a lower, constant level of expression in small intestine in the postnatal period. Caco-2 cells, a colon carcinoma cell line that differentiates over time in culture, demonstrated a marked induction of dra mRNA as cells progressed from the preconfluent (undifferentiated) to the postconfluent (differentiated) state. These results show that Dra is an intestine-specific Na-independent sulfate transporter that has differential expression during colonic development. This functional characterization provides the foundation for investigation of the role of Dra in intestinal sulfate transport and in the malignant phenotype.
Effect of cross-linking on the free volume properties of natural rubber

We used Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) to investigate the effect of cross-linking on the free volume properties of Natural Rubber (NR) composites. In order to form any meaningful product for industrial purposes, NR is mixed with different compounds, then cured in a process called vulcanization. One of the most important compounds used in the mixing process is sulfur. Sulfur forms cross-links with NR restricting the mobility of the polymer chains. Addition of sulfur and vulcanization reduce the o-Ps lifetime and intensity. By compating un-vulcanized and vulcanized samples we show that sulfur inhibits Ps formation and that with cross-link formation during vulcanization the o-Ps lifetime and intensity both decrease with increasing sulfur concentration. Swelling measurements were also done using toluene absorption to measure cross–link density as a function of sulfur concentration. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Obama's Rhetorical Shift: Insights for Communication Studies

This article explores Obama's rhetorical shift concerning race and offers insight for our racial work in communication studies. My argument unfolds in four parts. First, I explore the rhetorical strategies Obama employed to disavowal race, arguing, via black polarity theory, that he is forced to adopt a rhetoric of inspirational multiculturalism that soothes White America. Second, I explore Obama's shift to race-affirming rhetoric in “A More Perfect Union” speech and offer the law movement of critical race theory as the lens to understand his rhetorical change. Third, I consider Obama's past, mapping critical race theory (CRT) and the law movement's influence onto a young Obama. My final implication offers Obama's rhetorical turn as a roadmap for communication scholars to shift our racial rhetoric toward deliberative racial progress.
Eight Elements to Guide Goal Determination for IEPs

Shows how the value of an IEP may be enhanced through the use of eight elements that add personal values and validity for participants developing IEP goals
Effect of abomasal ferrous lactate infusion on phosphorus absorption in lactating dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ferrous lactate infusion on postruminal P absorption in lactating dairy cows. Four ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14 d per period. Cows were fed a basal diet containing 0.39% P, providing 100% of the calculated P requirement. On d 8 to 14 of each period, each cow was infused with 0, 200, 500, or 1,250 mg of Fe/d in the form of ferrous lactate solution (ferrous lactate in 1 L of double-distilled water) into the abomasum. Infusate was formulated to approximate 0, 2, 5, or 12.5 mg of Fe/L in drinking water with 100 L of water intake/d. Total fecal collection was conducted in the last 4 d of each period to measure nutrient digestion and excretion. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition were not affected by treatment. Digestibility of DM, NDF, and nitrogen decreased linearly with increasing ferrous lactate infusion. Infusion of ferrous lactate did not affect intake and digestibility of total P, inorganic P, or phytate P. In lactating cows, P absorption was not negatively influenced by abomasally infused ferrous lactate up to 1,250 mg of Fe/d.
Association of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA with host chromosomal DNA during productive infection.

Abstract Reassociation kinetics have been used to analyze the state of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA in the total DNA isolated from productively infected African green monkey kidney (BSC-1) cells. Cesium chloride equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of total DNA from infected cells gives distinct peaks of viral and host cell nucleic acids, but reassociation kinetics reveals the presence of viral sequences in the host peak. Host cell DNA further purified by repeated CsCl density gradient centrifugations also contains viral sequences. Contamination of this purified material with viral DNA accounts for very few of these sequences, and buoyant density heterogeneity of fragmented HSV-1 DNA does not appear to account for any of them. The data suggest that HSV-1 DNA is integrated into host chromosomal DNA during productive infection. The relevance of these findings to the latent nature of herpesviruses is discussed.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIAPORTHE PHASEOLORUM VARIETY SOJAE IN CULTURE

The development of the Phomopsis state of Diaporthephaseolorum var. sojae is described briefly. Both a and J conidia are produced from similar phialides. The isolate studied is homothallic but has trichogynes or trichogyne-like hyphae in early developmental stages. Perithecia develop from initials that include an ascogonial coil surrounded by enveloping hyphae. Perithecial initials ultimately differentiate into an outer peridium, a prominent centrum pseudoparenchyma layer, and paraphyses. Peridial and centrum hyphae in the apical region proliferate early in development to produce an elongate, periphysis-lined neck. The ascogenous system develops from the terminal portion of the ascogonial coil by septation of coil cells and subsequent production of short, ascogenous hyphae. The ascogenous hyphae proliferate to form a hemispherical basal hymenium. Asci are produced from croziers. The asci become detached from the hymenium and fill the centrum, compressing paraphyses and pseudoparenchyma. Development of D. phaseolorum var. sojae is believed to be a variation of the basic developmental pattern known in some other Pyrenomycetes. Data obtained from developmental studies of perithecia play an important role in current systematic concepts of pyrenomycetous fungi. The major source of this emphasis comes from Luttrell's comprehensive review (26) of perithecial development where developmental patterns were conceived as centrum types characteristic of various taxonomic groups. The present study is the third in a series of investigations of perithecial development in representative Pyrenomycetes. Previous studies on Hypoxylon serpens (Pers. : Fr.) Kickx (17) and Gelasinospora reticulospora (Greis & Greis-Dengler) Moreau & Moreau (18) revealed that perithecial development in these fungi could be viewed as a variation on the same basic ontogenetic pattern. Nonetheless, these two fungi belong to different families and represent the Xylaria and Sordaria perithecial centrum types, respectively. An additional centrum type believed to represent the Diaporthales has received little detailed study. The Diaporthe type centrum has traditionally been depicted as lacking paraphyses in the perithecium, although Luttrell himself has questioned the universality of this concept (27). More recently, studies in the genus Gnomonia by Fayret and Parguey-Leduc (10) and Huang and Luttrell (16) have provided evidence that paraphyses exist in fungi that are unquestionably members of the Diaporthales. There have been, however, no comprehensive developmental studies on Diaporthe, the type genus of the Diaporthales. The present study was therefore undertaken.
Personal experiences and attitudes towards intimate partner violence in healthcare providers in Guyana

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent throughout the world and is a devastating public health problem. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are tasked with treating victims of IPV but may be victims themselves. Guyana is a lower-middle income country in South America. This study sought to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Guyanese HCWs and their perceived barriers to providing care in addition to determining the prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration among HCWs. Methods HCWs at the only tertiary care hospital in the Guyana completed an anonymous survey that comprised 30 questions relating to IPV. Results The survey was completed by 87.5% of eligible HCWs. Of the respondents, 81.8% were female, 49.9% had ever experienced abuse and 21% admitted to perpetrating violence. Multivariate analysis found that the age groups 31-40 years (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.6) and 41-50 years (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.7) had higher odds of accepting justification for physical violence, and so did nursing staff (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.4-13.1). Overall, 29.9% of HCWs accepted justification for physical violence in at least one of the named scenarios. Conclusion This study demonstrates a high prevalence of IPV among HCWs and identifies prevailing attitudes regarding IPV. This knowledge is essential in developing effective, appropriate training programs and identifies a need to address IPV among the healthcare workforce. Language: en
Cathodic delamination of polybutadiene from steel-A review

The variables influencing the rate of the cathodic delamination of polybutadiene from steel in alkali halide solutions are discussed. The bond at the interface arises from the reaction of carboxyl groups in the polybutadiene with hydroxyl groups on the surface of the iron oxide at the interface. It is this bond that is broken by hydroxyl ions generated by the oxygen reduction reaction beneath the coating. The rate controlling step is the rate of charge transfer through the coating to support the oxygen reduction reaction.
Erythropoietin Receptor Gene Expression in Humans Is Greater in the Fetus Compared to the Adult

Erythropoietin Receptor Gene Expression in Humans Is Greater in the Fetus Compared to the Adult
Bounded-lifetime integrated circuits

Integrated circuits with bounded lifetimes can have many business advantages. We give some simple examples of methods to enforce tunable expiration dates for chips using nanometer reliability mechanisms.
Intermetallic Reaction of Indium and Silver in an Electroplating Process

The reaction of indium (In) and silver (Ag) during the electroplating process of indium over a thick silver layer was investigated. It was found that the plated In atoms react with Ag to form AgIn2 intermetallic compounds at room temperature. Indium is commonly used in the electronics industry to bond delicate devices due to its low yield strength and low melting temperature. In this study, copper (Cu) substrates were electroplated with a 60-μm-thick Ag layer, followed by electroplating an In layer with a thickness of 5 μm or 10 μm, at room temperature. To investigate the chemical reaction between In and Ag, the microstructure and composition on the surface and the cross section of samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The x-ray diffraction method (XRD) was also employed for phase identification. It was clear that indium atoms reacted with underlying Ag to form AgIn2 during the plating process. After the sample was stored at room temperature in air for 1 day, AgIn2 grew to 5 μm in thickness. With longer storage time, AgIn2 continued to grow until all indium atoms were consumed. The indium layer, thus, disappeared and could barely be detected by XRD.
Quadraplex qRT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus

In order to increase testing throughput and reduce cost, we developed a multiplex real-time assay that identifies both Eastern equine encephalitis virus and West Nile virus. The assay allows for the screening for the presence of both the nonstructural and envelope genes of both viruses simultaneously allowing for confirmatory testing to be done in a single assay. We utilized newly designed primers and probes, each labeled with a unique fluorescent label allowing for differentiation using an ABI 7500 real-time PCR machine. The use of Quanta Biosciences qScript XLT One-Step RT-qPCR® Toughmix allowed for a quadraplex assay without loss of sensitivity when compared to the previously run singleplex reaction as seen with viral RNA PFU control dilution series. There was no cross reactivity between the viruses within the reaction, and upon utilization of the assay during surveillance, there was no cross reactivity with other historically encountered arthropod-borne viruses. The results from the quantitative Reverse Transcriptase - Polymerase Chain Reaction were comparable to those achieved by cell culture which was performed on a subset of the field mosquito pools screened during the 2012 surveillance season. The multiplex assay resulted in savings in both time and resources for the lab and faster turn-around of results.
IL-21 Receptor Is Critical for the Development of Memory B Cell Responses

Development of long-term humoral immunity, characterized by the formation of long-lived plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow and memory B cells, is a critical component of protective immunity to pathogens, and as such it is the major goal of vaccination. However, the mechanisms involved in the generation of long-term humoral immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we used IL-21R-deficient (IL-21R.KO) mice to examine the role of the IL-21 pathway in the development of the B cell memory response. Primary IgG serum Ab responses to the T cell-dependent Ag 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) hapten conjugated to chicken γ globulin were delayed in IL-21R.KO mice, but reached normal titers within 3 to 4 wk of immunization. IL-21R.KO mice formed germinal centers and generated normal numbers of PCs in their bone marrow. Additionally, memory B cell formation was similar in wild-type and IL-21R.KO mice. However, NP-specific memory B cells and PCs failed to expand following secondary immunization of IL-21R.KO mice, and consequently, secondary IgG Ab responses to NP hapten conjugated to chicken γ globulin were significantly impaired. These results identify the IL-21 pathway as a critical component of the memory B cell response.
Star tracker celestial localization system for a lunar rover

An artificial satellite independent localization system for a lunar rover using the stars for navigation is described. The system uses a wide field-of-view star tracker and wide range high precision inclinometers to determine location on the Moon using quaternion output from the star tracker along with pitch and roll data from the inclinometer.
Fatty Acid Cyclooxygenase Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid in Human Tumor Cells

The prostaglandins, leukotrienes and related eicosanoids have been implicated as mediators in human malignant disease, particularly in cellular events related to tumor metastasis, cell proliferation, tumor promotion and host immunoregulation (1–23). There is substantial evidence that human tumor cells may synthesize significant quantities of prostaglandins. Elevated production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been demonstrated in lung cancer patients in vivo (24,25). Other studies have shown that prostanoid biosynthesis is elevated in human tumor tissues in comparison with production in normal human tissues (26–28) and that cultured human tumor cells synthesize significant quantities of prostanoids (29–32). In the present studies, the profiles of prostanoid biosynthesis from endogenous arachidonic acid in 55 established cell lines derived from human tumors of the colon, lung, prostate, ovary, kidney, and the central nervous system were determined. The objective of these studies was the determination of PGH synthase activity in diverse histological classes of human tumor cells in order to discern whether fatty acid cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid may be uniquely characteristic of certain histological classes of human tumors.