cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reflex hemodynamic response to superior laryngeal nerve stimulation in the rat

Abstract In addition to projections through the vagus, cervical sympathetic, and aortic depressor nerves, baroreceptor afferents from the arch of the aorta are thought to rise through a superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) pathway in the rat. We evaluated this possibility, first, by determining the hemodynamic response to electrical stimulation of the SLN in anesthetized rats. Miniaturized pulsed-Doppler flow probes were placed on the right common iliac, superior mesenteric and left renal arteries. Stimulation of the SLN produced frequency-dependent (1–12 Hz) reductions in arterial pressure, heart rate and regional vascular resistance, with the greatest vasodilation occurring in the hindlimb. Right lumbar nerve transection selectively abolished the hindlimb response and attenuated the depressor effect of SLN stimulation. Mesenteric and renal vasodilation were markedly reduced by ganglionic blockade as was the reduction in arterial pressure and heart rate. Vagotomy alone and in combination with propranolol abolished bradycardia to SLN stimulation but had no effect on blood pressure or regional resistance responses, indicating that the reflex reduction in vascular resistance, rather than cardiac output, was the primary determinant of the depressor response. In a second group the pressure and heart rate responses to occlusion for 30 s of the bilateral common carotids (C), subdiaphragmatic aorta (A) and both vessels simultaneously (C + A) were evaluated before and after bilateral SLN transection. Transection of the SLN significantly potentiated the pressure increase produced by C and C + A occlusion. Bradycardia responses during C and A occlusions were converted to tachycardia following SLN transection. These data show that a strong baroreflex response may be elicited by both direct electrical and physiological stimulation of baroreceptor afferents in the SLN and suggest that the SLN may constitute a significant projection pathway for baroreceptors from the region of the aortic arch.
Determinants of Visual Search Performance: Age and Practice Effects:

In the present experiment, ability-performance relationships were used to assess changes in task requirements across practice. A variety of cognitive and speed ability measures were administered to...
LIT1 and H19 methylation defects in isolated hemihyperplasia

We performed LIT1 and H19 methylation studies on 27 children with isolated hemihyperplasia (IH). Eight children (29.6%) had a defect in methylation of one or both of these alleles, supporting our hypothesis that these epigenetic changes can result in a phenotype distinct from typical Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
The Impact of Hospital Pay-for-Performance on Hospital and Medicare Costs

Objective To evaluate the effects of Medicare's hospital pay-for-performance demonstration project on hospital revenues, costs, and margins and on Medicare costs.
Improving retention by mentoring and tutoring freshmen students

In today's competitive global economy, six out of every ten jobs require some undergraduate college education and training. College retention therefore has long been the focus of research in education. The relationship between students and institutional characteristics, college graduation and retention rates has been a frequent topic in the academic literature. In order to increase the proportion of college graduates in the U.S., we must enable a greater percentage of our college-age population to enroll in bachelors or associates education (i.e. enrollment) and complete a degree in a timely fashion (i.e graduation and retention). Although we have made significant advances in our college graduation rates, improvement still is needed in our college retention rates. In this paper we address one cost-effective approach of improving retention in public four year colleges. This paper presents a successful practice at our college wherein senior students provide mentoring and tutoring for freshmen students. It has demonstrated improvement of retention as well as the performance of the freshmen. This work was funded by Perkins Grant.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 185 kDa phosphoprotein (pp185) inversely correlates with the cellular activity of human prostatic acid phosphatase

Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAcP), a prostate epithelium-specific differentiation antigen, was determined to exhibit the endogenous protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. We investigated the phosphoprotein(s) that might be dephosphorylated by PAcP in human prostate carcinoma cells. Several lines of evidence were presented to show that the tyrosine phosphorylation level of a 185 kDa phosphoprotein (pp185) is negatively correlated with the cellular activity of PAcP. (i) In DU145, PC-3 and high passaged LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells that have no or low PAcP expression, the phosphotyrosine (p-tyr) level of pp185 was higher than that in low passaged LNCaP cells that express an endogenous PAcP. (ii) In LNCaP cells grown in the presence of L(+)-tartrate, an inhibitor of PAcP, the tyrosine phosphorylation of pp185 was increased. (iii) Mediated by Lipofectin, a cationic liposome, the incorporation of purified PAcP protein into DU145 cells resulted in the decreased phosphorylation of pp185. Thus, the results taken collectively demonstrated that the p-tyr level of pp185 is inversely correlated with the cellular activity of PAcP and indicated that the pp185 may be a putative substrate of PAcP in prostate carcinoma cells.
"Germ warfare" for ulcerative colitis?

A single center randomized double dummy study was undertaken in 116 patients; 59 were randomized to mesalamine and 57 to receive a nonpathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. In addition, all patients received standard medical therapy, together with a 1-wk course of oral gentamicin. After remission, patients were maintained on either mesalamine or E. coli and observed for a maximum of 12 months. Duration of remission was slightly higher in the mesalamine group relative to the E. coli group (206 vs 185 days). Similarly, the percentage of patients undergoing remission was equivalent (73% vs 67%), again slightly favoring the mesalamine group. The authors, therefore, conclude that a nonpathogenic strain of E. coli has an effectiveness almost equivalent to that of mesalamine in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis.
Auxiliary Uses of Cold-Curing Acrylic Resins in Prosthetic Dentistry

Methyl methacrylate, the polymerization of which is induced by chemical activa­ tion only, has been identified by varied terminology. The term “ autopolymer” is actually a misnomer, inasmuch as any polymerization is an automatic phenome­ non, which occurs spontaneously under certain conditions. In all methyl methacrylate polymers used in dentistry today, there is present a small percentage of a peroxide catalyst. This peroxide is broken into free radicals by heat, which catalyzes the polymeriza­ tion reaction. The addition of a chemical, usually a tertiary amine, to the liquid monomer makes it possible for the perox­ ide to be liberated as a catalyst without the addition of heat. Therein lies the dif­ ference between heat-cured and coldcured acrylic resins. It seems_ most logical, therefore, to speak of this newer method as a cold-curing process. For several years cold-curing acrylic resin has been subjected to critical analysis as a filling material and more recently as a denture base material. Its future as a permanent filling material is still somewhat controversial. There are factors of thermal change, retention and discoloration which must be overcome if the material is to satisfy the require­ ments of a permanent direct filling mate­ rial. The requirements for a satisfactory denture base material are entirely dif­ ferent from those for a direct filling mate­ rial. Acrylic resin denture bases have been used and accepted for more than 14 years; the basic requirements for the cold-cured resin remain unchanged. Some of the faults of the cold-cured materials which have been listed up to the present time are: (1) bubbles and porosity, (2) slight color instability, (3) free monomer content, (4) poor retention of solvent-resistant teeth, (5) aging or weakening due to the effect of chemical components and (6) slightly less hardness and strength. Many of these faults have been com­ pletely overcome or eliminated by im­ provements within the past year or two. There seems to be little doubt that im­ provements will continue until all of these have been eliminated as deterring factors. Among the advantages of the coldcured resins, one cardinal asset seems to stand out, that is, greater accuracy and permanency of form. Laboratory testing and clinical experience seem to bear out this observation. Sample testing has shown also that hardness and strength are within acceptable limits.1 Clinically,
Human natural killer cell deficiencies.

Purpose of reviewHuman natural killer cell deficiencies are a relevant clinical entity that provides insight into the role of natural killer cells in host defense, as well as the basic biology of natural killer cells. Since previously reviewing these disorders, significant developments warrant their
A third rearranged and expressed gene in a clone of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

En plus des deux genes prealablement identifies et exprimes dans un clone de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques, on identifie un troisieme gene egalement rearrange et exprime dans le meme clone. Ce nouveau gene presente une diversite clonale, code pour une chaine polypeptidique qui contient des domaines variable et constant de type immunoglobuline, porte des sites de N-glycosylation potentiels et constitue un candidat particulierement vraisemblable pour le gene codant pour la sousunite alpha du recepteur heterodimere pour l'antigene de ce clone cellule T
Gene-Specific Inhibition of Reovirus Replication by RNA Interference

Mammalian reoviruses contain a genome of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Reovirus replication and assembly occur within distinct structures called viral inclusions, which form in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Viral nonstructural proteins muNS and sigmaNS and core protein mu2 play key roles in forming viral inclusions and recruiting other viral proteins and RNA to these structures for replication and assembly. However, the precise functions of these proteins in viral replication are poorly defined. Therefore, to better understand the functions of reovirus proteins associated with formation of viral inclusions, we used plasmid-based vectors to establish 293T cell lines stably expressing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific for transcripts encoding the mu2, muNS, and sigmaNS proteins of strain type 3 Dearing (T3D). Infectivity assays revealed that yields of T3D, but not those of strain type 1 Lang, were significantly decreased in 293T cells stably expressing mu2, muNS, or sigmaNS siRNA. Stable expression of siRNAs specific for any one of these proteins substantially diminished viral dsRNA, protein synthesis, and inclusion formation, indicating that each is a critical component of the viral replication machinery. Using cell lines stably expressing muNS siRNA, we developed a complementation system to rescue viral replication by transient transfection with recombinant T3D muNS in which silent mutations were introduced into the sequence targeted by the muNS siRNA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that muNSC, which lacks the first 40 amino residues of muNS, is incapable of restoring reovirus growth in the complementation system. These results reveal interdependent functions for viral inclusion proteins and indicate that cell lines stably expressing reovirus siRNAs are useful tools for the study of viral protein structure-function relationships.
Are Comparisons of Consumer Satisfaction With Providers Biased by Nonresponse or Case-Mix Differences?

Objective: This study examined how consumer satisfaction ratings differ between mental health care providers to determine whether comparison of ratings is biased by differences in survey response rates or consumer characteristics. Methods: Consumer satisfaction surveys mailed by a mixed-model prepaid health plan were examined. Survey data were linked to computerized records regarding consumers’ demographic (age, sex, and type of insurance coverage) and clinical (primary diagnosis and initial versus return visit) characteristics. Statistical models examined probabilities of returning the survey (N=8,025 returned surveys) and of giving an excellent satisfaction rating. Variability was separated into within-provider effects and between-provider effects. Results: The overall response rate was 33.8%, and 49.9% of responders reported excellent satisfaction. Neither response rate nor satisfaction rating was related to primary diagnosis. Within the practices of individual providers, response rate and receiving an excellent rating were significantly associated with female sex, older age, longer enrollment in the health plan, and making a return visit. Analyses of between-provider effects, however, found that only a higher proportion of return visitors was significantly associated with higher response rates and higher satisfaction ratings. Conclusions: There was little evidence that differences in response rate or in consumers served biased comparison of satisfaction ratings between mental health providers. Bias might be greater in a setting with more heterogeneous consumers or providers. Returning consumers gave higher ratings than first-time visitors, and analyses of satisfaction ratings may need to account for this difference. Extremely high or low ratings should be interpreted cautiously, especially for providers with a small number of surveys. (Psychiatric Services 60:67–73, 2009)
Optimization of Ozonated Water Treatment of Wild-Caught and Mechanically Peeled Shrimp Meat

ABSTRACT Ozone is a USFDA and USDA approved food contact sanitizing agent and has been used in the seafood industry in both gaseous and dissolved forms to destroy bacteria. The wild harvest shrimp industry is the most economically important fishery in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico region, and in Louisiana the majority of the harvest is mechanically peeled and frozen. Dissolved ozone was measured in processing water at product application to study the optimization of ozonated water treatment for reducing microbial contamination of peeled shrimp meat. Shrimp samples were either sprayed or soaked in water with 1, 2, and 3 ppm dissolved ozone. Treatment times of 20, 40, and 60 seconds were investigated for all applications and concentrations. Similar volumes of water were applied for all treatments, and soaking showed greater bacterial reduction than spray treatments for all time and concentration combinations studied. Soaking in 3 ppm dissolved ozone for 40 s and 60 s showed the greatest reduction of total aerobic...
Sex and gender factors in medical studies: implications for health and clinical practice.

Males and females have different patterns of illness and different life spans . . . Understanding the bases of these sex-based differences is important to developing new approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. THE US CENSUS BUREAU PROJECTS that the US population will have increasing numbers of women in the next decades and a greater proportion of the population will be elderly and nonwhite persons. Women are the major consumers of health care, the major consumers of prescription drugs, and the primary decision makers about health care for their families. As attention is directed to improving health of and health care for women, sex and gender differences in research design and regulatory policies interface with clinical practice. An interdisciplinary, inclusive approach to health care based on sexand gender-specific data is sought by consumers of health care, especially women. Understanding the role of sex in health and disease begins with consistency in medical literature of the terms sex and gender. The recent Institute of Medicine report Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health: Does Sex Matter? provides clarification of these terms in its discussions of differences between men and women. The term sex is used when differences are primarily biological in origin and may be genetic or phenotypic (genetic or physiological characteristics of being a man or woman), and gender is used when referring to social and cultural influences based on sex (BOX). There is a long history of advocacy for health care specific to women in the United States, dating as far back as the Popular Health Movement of the 1800s. The efforts of women in medicine, government, and advocacy in the 1980s propelled improvement of women’s health through biomedical research and were primarily based in the public policy realm, relating to the inclusion of women in clinical studies. Results of these efforts included major revisions in policies for research as well as expanding what constitutes women’s health. This goes beyond reproductive health and addresses women’s health across their lifespan. As the women’s health movement focused on the inclusion of women in clinical research to provide basic fundamentals for gender-appropriate health care, there has also been realization that sex and gender comparisons are important factors in research design. Such research has valuable implications for the practicing physician in the care of both female and male patients. Not only may physicians need to make diagnostic and treatment decisions based on the sex of the patient, but they will also need to respond to gender differences in how women and men approach their physicians, their own health, and how they communicate their health concerns.
An experimental investigation of piston skirt scuffing: a piston scuffing apparatus, experiments, and scuffing mechanism analyses

Abstract Piston skirt/cylinder bore scuffing is one of the main failure mechanisms affecting the life of automotive engines. A piston scuffing apparatus that simulates the relative motion between the piston and the cylinder liner of a typical engine has been designed and constructed to investigate scuffing mechanisms and determine the conditions under which scuffing happens. With this apparatus, the scuffing performance of an aluminum–silicon piston material with a variety of skirt coatings is studied and scuffing mechanisms investigated. The research also explored the influence of the piston skirt surface texture and cylinder bore surface roughness on the cylinder bore–piston skirt contact, as well as the microstructures and morphological features of the surface and the near-surface materials in scuffing.
Rostral–caudal gradients of abstraction revealed by multi-variate pattern analysis of working memory

The lateral frontal cortex (LFC) is thought to represent contextual and rule-based information that allows adaptive behavior according to circumstance. Recent progress has suggested that the representations of the LFC vary along its rostral-caudal axis with more abstract, higher level representations associated with rostral areas of the LFC and more concrete, lower level representations associated with caudal areas of the LFC. Here, we investigated this proposal. Subjects responded to stimuli based upon a nested series of contextual cues stored in working memory (WM) while being scanned with fMRI. Higher level context cues denoted an abstract rule set while lower level context cues provided more concrete information. Using multi-variate pattern analysis (MVPA), we found varying forms of representation along the rostral-caudal axis of the LFC depending on the type of information stored in WM. Rostral areas of frontal cortex in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represented the higher level context, but not more concrete information, and only when more concrete information was unavailable. Mid-level areas in the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior frontal junction (IFJ) represented more concrete rules, but only when the forthcoming response could not be anticipated. By contrast, the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) and primary motor cortex (M1) represented contextual and response information when the forthcoming response could be anticipated on the basis of context. Collectively, these data indicate that representations dedicated to higher levels of abstraction become less discriminating when more concrete information becomes available. These patterns are consistent with rostral-caudal abstraction proposals of the LFC.
Midinfrared optical response and thermal emission from plasmonic lattices on Al films

We studied the midinfrared optical transmission and thermal light emission spectra of subwavelength hole arrays in the form of square lattice with $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ periodicity (plasmonic lattice) in aluminum films deposited on silicon substrates. The optical transmission of these films showed temperature independent resonance bands and antiresonance dips in the midinfrared spectral range, which could be explained by a model involving light coupling to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on the two film interfaces. We fitted the transmission spectrum using a dielectric response function that is based on an effective plasma frequency determined by the individual holes and resonant modes associated with the reciprocal vectors in the lattice structure factor; subsequently, we also calculated the absorption spectrum. We found that the absorption spectrum shows bands opposite in phase compared to those in the transmission spectrum, where peaks are replaced by dips and vice versa. The thermal emissivity spectrum of the heated perforated films were measured at elevated temperatures and showed resonant bands similar to those in the transmission spectrum rather than the absorption spectrum, in apparent contradiction to Kirchhoff's law of radiation. We thus conclude that the perforated films act primarily as radiation filters, where thermal emission is suppressed for frequencies outside the resonant transmission bands. This optical filtering is characteristic of weak photonic crystals, where the photon density of states in the heated metal film is only weakly modified by the perforated interfaces, suggesting weak interaction between the SPP excitations on the metal/dielectric interfaces and the photonic states inside the metal film.
Multiscale materials modelling at the mesoscale.

The challenge to link understanding and manipulation at the microscale to functional behaviour at the macroscale defines the frontiers of mesoscale science.
Trifluoroacetylcamphorato(silver(I) and derived olefin complexes)

Abstract The chiral silver complex (trifluoroacetylcamphorato)silver (2) has been prepared and its interaction with olefins and triphenylphospine has been examined. Addition of 2 to solutions of alkenes causes downfield shifts (0.1–0.6 ppm) of their olefinic proton n.m.r. absorptions indicative of πcomplexation. Isolable adducts were obtained and characterized for the ligands cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene, norbornylene, cycloheptatriene, 3-methylcyclohexene, and triphenylphosphine. Attempts to utilize 2 as an enantioselective gas chromatographic complexing agent for racemic alkenes failed, apparently due to its solution and thermal instability.
Effect of heat treatment on diffusion of oxygen in silver-sheathed oxide superconductors

Abstract The diffusion of oxygen through the sheath of silver-encapsulated oxide superconductors during the course of heat treatment is modelled. Although the emphasis is on silver-sheathed Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ x conductors, the model is applicable to other silversheathed oxide superconductors. Numerical results show that processing in air at atmospheric pressure results in a loss of oxygen in the conductor following heat treatment. Most oxygen is depleted before the typical maximum processing temperature of 870–900°C is reached. The amount of depletion depends on the ambient pressure and composition. Subatmospheric ambient air pressure results in a net loss in oxygen following heat treatment, whereas high ambient pressure results in a net gain in the oxygen. Increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the ambient decreases the net loss of oxygen to the extent that an oxygen rich ambient will result in a net gain in the oxygen content within the conductor. The thickness of the silver sheath is relatively insensitive to the variation of the oxygen content since oxygen diffuses readily through the silver sheath. The recovery of oxygen by diffusion from the ambient air into the conductor occurs during the cool-down process and is generally small. Recovery of oxygen is large with an oxygen-rich ambient. The diffusion of oxygen and the consequent buildup of pressure of trapped gases within the conductor are also dependent on the heat treatment (temperature-time). This can influence the overall quality of the conductor for the given heat treatment. The numerical results suggest that processing in air can result in insufficient oxygen during the crucial part of the heat treatment, wherein oxygen is essential for forming the proper superconducting structure. Although qualitative interpretations are presented, this model can be used to gain understanding of the process parameters and aid in their optimization for long silversheathed conductor development.
Vascular aneurysms: a side-splitting affair.

The control of extracellular matrix metabolism within the walls of damaged, remodeling and growing blood vessels is a rapidly expanding science in the field of vascular biology. Irreversible dilation of blood vessels, defining the aneurysm process, is a morphogenic response of the vasculature that occurs during certain pathologic states. Aneurysmal dilations are found in various heritable connective tissue diseases, during aging, mycotic invasion and compensatory arterial enlargement observed in response to atherosclerotic plaque or to changes in hemodynamics. A unifying hypothesis linking these processes to specific pathogenetic steps in aneurysm formation is currently lacking; however, Dr. Nick Rothaus’ clinical service provides excellent clues to common pathways. Initial elastolysis of the aneurysm-prone aorta is believed to take place somewhere within the lamellae of the tunica media. Continued dilation, however, depends upon both adventitial elastolysis and collagenolysis [4]. One of the responses of the aorta to this tissue destruction is a compensatory synthesis of collagens, elastin, and elastinassociated proteins. An important consequence of this new matrix is that the original lamellar structure of the aorta is lost and the “provisional” matrix replacing has different mechanical, biochemical and physiologic properties.
Transglutaminase inhibitors, calmodulin antagonists, and calcium channel blockers: Influence on Arbacia sperm motility

Sea urchin spermatozoa react to transglutaminase inhibitors, which may antagonize the function of calmodulin, in dose-dependent fashion. The optimum concentration of diallyl-amino propionyl benzothiophenc (DAPBT), a potent, noncompetitive inhibitor of transglutaminase, 0.01 mM, causes a 3 1/2-fold increase in the forward swimming speed of Arbacia sperm. This effect apparently involves calcium-dependent enzymes since manipulation of both extracellular and intracellular calcium by means of chelating agents, calcium-channel blockers, and calmodulin antagonists depresses the stimulatory effect of DAPBT. These results suggest that in the spermatozoa the interaction of flagellar sliding filaments may be mediated by reversible cross-linking of the contractile proteins catalyzed by a calcium- dependent transglutaminase.
Lesions of the vomeronasal organ disrupt mating-induced pair bonding in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) is a highly social, monogamous species and displays pair bonding that can be assessed by the presence of selective affiliation with the familiar partner versus a conspecific stranger. In female prairie voles, exposure to a male or to male sensory cues is essential for estrus induction, and the subsequent mating facilitates pair bond formation. In the present study, we examined the role of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in estrus induction and pair bonding in female prairie voles. VNO lesions did not alter olfaction mediated by the main olfactory system, but did prevent male-induced estrus induction. We by-passed the necessity of the VNO for estrus induction by estrogen priming the females. Despite the fact that all subjects displayed similar levels of mating, social contact and locomotor activities, VNO lesioned females failed to show mating-induced pair bonding whereas intact and sham-lesioned females displayed a robust preference for the familiar partner. Our data not only support previous findings that the VNO is important for estrus induction but also indicate that this structure is crucial for mating-induced pair bonding, suggesting an important role for the VNO in reproductive success in prairie voles.
Correlation of in situ respiration rates and microbial biomass in prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) ponds

Costa-Pierce, B.A., Craven, DB., Karl, D.M. and Laws, E.A., 1984. Correlation of in situ respiration rates and microbial biomass in prawn (Macrobruchium rosenbergii) ponds. Aquaculture, 37: 15’7-168. Microbial biomass estimates (based on ATP concentrations) were highly correlated with water and sediment respiration rates in freshwater prawn ponds. Water column biomass-pecific respiration rates (x + 1 SD, 572.4 + 410.6 ~1 0, rg ATP-’ day-‘) were higher than sediment rates (11.5 r 8.1 ~1 0, rg ATP-’ day-‘). Phytoplankton cells dominated the se&on, with nutrient-saturated, light-limited growth in the range 75-80%~~~ Doubling times of phytoplankton ranged from 0.4-19 days. Measurement of benthic ATP biomass is recommended as a diagnostic water quality parameter for commercial freshwater prawn culture.
A study of new absorbent for post-combustion CO2 capture test bed

Abstract Capture and storage of post combustion CO 2 from fossil fuel power plants is the best technique that can be rapidly and safely employed for the control of greenhouse gas emissions. Test bed studies with highly efficient amine CO 2 solvent (KoSol −4 ) developed by KEPCO Research Institute was performed. For the first time in Korea, evaluation of post-combustion CO 2 capture technology to capture 2 t-CO 2 /day from a slipstream of flue gas from a commercial scale coal-fired power station was performed. Based on a chemical absorption/regeneration process with KoSol −4 , we have studied the effects of lean solvent flow rate, input location and inter-cooling of absorbent, pressure and temperature of stripper for process optimization. This optimization aimed to reduce the energy for solvent regeneration. The optimum point in flow rate of lean absorbents was 700 kg/h in 350 Sm 3 /h flue gas. And the regeneration energy using new solvent was 3.02 GJ/t-CO 2 in 90% CO 2 removal, flue gas temperature of 40 °C and stripper pressure of 0.35 kgf/cm 2 . In addition, corrosion rate of the pilot plant were measured in six points. It is the largest as 40.52 mpy in the bottom of the stripper tower.
Is ADHD a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorders : Findings from a four-year prospective follow-up study

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate whether attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a risk factor for psychoactive substance use disorders (PSUD), attending to issues of psychiatric comorbidity, family history, and adversity. Method Using assessments from multiple domains, the authors examined 140 ADHD and 120 normal control subjects at baseline and 4 years later. Drug and alcohol abuse and dependence were operationally defined. Results No differences were detected in the rates of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence or in the rates of abuse of individual substances between the groups; both ADHD and control probands had a 15% rate of PSUD. Conduct and bipolar disorders predicted PSUD, independently of ADHD status. Family history of substance dependence and antisocial disorders was associated with PSUD in controls but less clearly so in ADHD probands. Family history of ADHD was not associated with risk for PSUD. ADHD probands had a significantly shorter time period between the onsets of abuse and dependence compared with controls (1.2 years versus 3 years, p Conclusions Adolescents with and without ADHD had a similar risk for PSUD that was mediated by conduct and bipolar disorder. Since the risk for PSUD has been shown to be elevated in adults with ADHD when compared with controls, a sharp increase in PSUD is to be expected in grown-up ADHD children during the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
The masses of 201T1, 202T1, 202Pb and 203Pb

Abstract The Q-values for the reactions 203T1(p, d), 203T1(p, t), 204Pb(p, d) and 204Pb(p, t) have been measured and discrepancies of as much as 150 keV are found when compared with values based on the 1964 mass table. The results are compared with those derived from electron capture measurements. New masses for 201T1, 202T1, 202Pb and 203Pb are presented.
A pivotal moment in 50 years of headache history: the first American Migraine Study.

Objective.— To describe the magnitude and distribution of the public health problem posed by migraine in the United States by examining migraine prevalence, attack frequency, and attack-related disability by gender, age, race, household income, geographic region, and urban vs rural residence. Design.— In 1989, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to a sample of 15,000 households. A designated member of each household initially responded to the questionnaire. Each household member with severe headache was asked to respond to detailed questions about symptoms, frequency, and severity of headaches. Setting.— A sample of households selected from a panel to be representative of the US population in terms of age, gender, household size, and geographic area. Participants.— After a single mailing, 20,468 subjects (63.4% response rate) between 12 and 80 Years of age responded to the survey. Respondents and nonrespondents did not differ by gender, household income, region of the country, or urban vs rural status. Whites and the elderly were more likely to respond. Migraine headache cases were identified on the basis of reported symptoms using established diagnostic criteria. Results.— In total, 17.6% of females and 5.7% of males were found to have 1 or more migraine headaches per year. The prevalence of migraine varied considerably by age and was highest in both men and women between the ages of 35 to 45 years. Migraine prevalence was strongly associated with household income; prevalence in the lowest-income group (less than $10,000) was more than 60% higher than in the 2 highest-income groups (greater than or equal to $30,000). The proportion of migraine sufferers who experienced moderate to severe disability was not related to gender, age, income, urban vs rural residence, or region of the country. In contrast, the frequency of headaches was lower in higher-income groups. Attack frequency was inversely related to disability. Conclusions.— A projection to the US population suggests that 8.7 million females and 2.6 million males suffer from migraine headache with moderate to severe disability. Of these, 3.4 million females and 1.1 million males experience 1 or more attacks per month. Females between ages 30 and 49 years from lower-income households are at especially high risk of having migraines and are more likely than other groups to use emergency care services for their acute condition.
Effects of O2 stress on tomato alcohol dehydrogenase activity: Description of a second ADH coding gene

Subjecting tomato seedlings to anaerobic conditions results in expression of a previously undescribed Adh gene, Adh-2. Induction profiles were similar for all tissues, including roots, hypocotyls, cotyledons, and true leaves. In sharp contrast to ADH-1, ADH-2 showed no induction under anaerobic stress. The only time ADH-2 activity was expressed (under noninduced conditions) was during the early stages of embryogenesis. By late embryogenesis, ADH-2 activity approached a zero level, concomitant with a sharp rise in ADH-1 activity, which is found in the cotyledons of quiescent embryo. Despite striking differences in the regulation of these two genes, their homology is demonstrated in the ability of their enzyme subunits to form presumed intergenic heterodimers, which are visible during the transient period of embryogenesis when the polypeptides encoded by both genes are expressed. A multiple point linkage test using isozymic marker genes places the Adh-2 locus on chromosome 6 near Aps-1, whereas Adh-1 resides on chromosome 4.
Exploring the brain forest

Abstract Exploring the Brain Forest, a virtual environment currently in design, presents hierarchical views of the brain at several levels of scale from a global overview to immersion within its forest of neurons and glial cells. The virtual environment provides a 3D graphical model of brain data sets drawn from microscopy of human brain tissue mapped at the limit of optical resolution. The virtual environment is framed in a finite element model of the cerebral cortex. This solid model is implanted with a database of neurons, either traced biological neurons or synthetically generated neurons.
Z LINKAGE OF FEMALE PROMISCUITY GENES IN THE MOTH UTETHEISA ORNATRIX: SUPPORT FOR THE SEXY‐SPERM HYPOTHESIS?

Female preference genes for large males in the highly promiscuous moth Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) have previously been shown to be mostly Z-linked, in accordance with the hypothesis that ZZ-ZW sex chromosome systems should facilitate Fisherian sexual selection. We determined the heritability of both female and male promiscuity in the highly promiscuous moth U. ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) through parent-offspring and grandparent-offspring regression analyses. Our data show that male promiscuity is not sex-limited and either autosomal or sex-linked whereas female promiscuity is primarily determined by sex-limited, Z-linked genes. These data are consistent with the "sexy-sperm hypothesis," which posits that multiple-mating and sperm competitiveness coevolve through a Fisherian-like process in which female promiscuity is a kind of mate choice in which sperm-competitiveness is the trait favored in males. Such a Fisherian process should also be more potent when female preferences are Z-linked and sex-limited than when autosomal or not limited.
An activity cage and recorder for domestic fowl

Abstract An activity cage and recorder were constructed for use with domestic fowl and small animals. The cage consisted of a square cage mounted on a centre post, pins and microswitches. Two magnetic counters, activated by the micro-switches, served as recorders. Three independent sources of observation, (a) simultaneous visual check of birds' movements and counter activations, (b) correlation between visual records and independent counter recordings (rank order correlation equals 0·90), and (c) activity records with increasing doses of tranquilizers, gave reason to believe that this method of recording activity was highly reliable.
Recombinant factor VIIa in management of spontaneous subcapsular liver hematoma associated with pregnancy.

BACKGROUND:Spontaneous subcapsular liver hemorrhage is a rare but life-threatening complication of pregnancy. Optimal management of an expanding hematoma or ruptured capsule has not been established.CASES:We report 3 patients with preeclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets
Axion emission in decay of excited nuclear states

Abstract Decay of an excited nuclear state by axion emission can be related, under certain circumstances, to an isotopically analogous β decay process. All strong interaction and nuclear complications for the former reaction are therefore fixed by data on the latter, so that the axion rate can be reliably predicted up to open parameters of the underlying weak interaction model. This is illustrated, in the framework of a simple axion model, with the example of decay of 12C∗ (15.1 MeV). For plausible values of the parameters, the ratio of axion to gamma decay widths is of order 10−5. Some aspects of decay of the axion itself are commented on; and we also briefly discuss possible alternative models of axion interactions.
A unique Au-Ag-Au triangular motif in a trimetallic halonium dication: silver incorporation in a gold(I) catalyst.

As a result of explorations into the solution chemistry of silver/gold mixtures, a unique diphosphine trimetallic chloronium dication was discovered that incorporates silver–arene chelation and a triangular mixed gold/silver core in the solid state. Notably, it was isolated from a Celite prefiltered solution initially thought to be silver-free. The crystal structure also incorporates the coordination to silver of one fluorine atom of one SbF6− counterion. The structure was compared to two new, but well-precedented, phosphine digold chloride cations. DFT calculations supported significant silver–halide and silver–arene interactions in the mixed gold/silver complex and metallophilic interactions in all three complexes. Comparison of computed data revealed that the ωB97X-D functional, which has a long-range corrected hybrid with atom–atom dispersion corrections, gave a better fit to the experimental data compared with the PBE0 functional, which has previously failed to capture aurophilic interactions. Preliminary studies support the presence of the mixed gold/silver structure in solution.
Another Look at Gender-Related Differences in Leadership Behavior.

This investigation examined self-related behavioral differences in terms of broad leadership styles using a methodology that minimized biases inherent in research designs previously employed to investigate this area. Subjects consisted of 40 males and 41 females who served in the role of leader, and who instructed both a male and a female subordinate in a card-sorting task. Experimental sessions were tape-recorded and transcribed, after which judges classified word phrases into various language categories. Factor analysis of the language categories yielded two factors of verbal behavior within a leadership situation: a socially oriented style and a task-oriented style. In contrast to generally accepted stereotypes, results indicated that within the present experimental context male leaders preferred to use phrases that indicated a more social style than female leaders. However, both male and female leaders used language that indicated a task-oriented approach to a significantly greater degree when instructing a female rather than a male subordinate. Implications and interpretations of the results are discussed.
Novel Colloidal Assembly Methods for the Preparation of Core-Shell Composite Materials

Colloidal assembly is a process by which particles ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers are organized into structures by mixing two or more particle types. Assembly is controlled by either specific or non-specific interactions between particles. Examples include chemical bonding, biological interactions, electrostatic interactions, capillary action and physical adsorption. The assembly process is performed such that smaller particles assemble around larger ones. In this paper, we report on colloidal assembly of polymer nanoparticles (50-200 nm diameter) onto silica particles (3-5 µm diameter) using specific chemical interactions (i.e. aminealdehyde). Annealing the assembled composites at temperatures above the glass transition (Tg) of the polymer nanospheres allows polymer to flow and uniformly coat the microsphere surfaces. Polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) nanospheres were used to produce such materials. Shell composites were created by mixing both nanosphere types prior to assembly/annealing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the materials presented herein.
EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON URINARY FORMALDEHYDOGENIC CORTICOIDS AND 17- KETOSTEROIDS IN NORMAL AND SUBTOTALLY HEPATECTOMIZED RATS1

T TRINARY outputs of 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and reducing (-R) or formaldehydogenic (F) corticoids (C) are used as measures of adrenal cortical function. However, they are not readily interpretable. Under different conditions, urinary 17-KS and FC can vary in the same sense or independently (Venning, 1950). Among factors contributing to this variability of relationship, the nature of the steroids undergoing metabolism is perhaps the most important. Thus, in human beings (Venning, 1950; Polley and Mason, 1950) and in rats (del Greco, Masson and Corcoran, 1952), only C-17-hydroxylated corticosteroids act as 17-KS precursors; the extent to which injected corticosteroids appear in urine as FC varies widely (Fajans, Louis and Conn, 1951 a). Among other variables are the state of esterification, the route of administration and the level of hepatic function (Fajans, Louis and Conn 1951 b; Engstrom et al., 1951; Bongiovanni and Eisenmenger, 1951).
Oxidation Kinetics of Participate Silicon Monoxide

The air oxidation of particulate silicon monoxide to cristobalite was studied in the range 820° to 1040°C. This SiO neither disproportionates nor volatilizes in this range. An activation energy of 23.8 ± 2.0 kcal/mole for the diffusion of oxygen was obtained from a measure of the differential rate of reaction at various temperatures for various fixed percents of conversion up to 24%. The reciprocal time needed to reach a fixed percent of conversion up to 30%, at various temperatures, gave an activation energy of 24.2 ± 1.5 kcal/mole. It is concluded that the diffusional activation energy is 24.0 ± 2.0 kcal/mole.
Statistical Clock Skew Analysis Considering Intra-Die Process Variations

With shrinking cycle times, clock skew has become an increasingly difficult and important problem for high performance designs. Traditionally, clock skew has been analyzed using case-files which cannot model intra-die process variations and hence result in a very optimistic skew analysis. In this paper, we present a statistical skew analysis method to model intra-die process variations. We first present a formal model of the statistical clock skew problem and then propose an algorithm which is based on propagation of joint probability distribution functions in a bottom up fashion in a clock tree. The analysis accounts for topological correlations between path delays and has linear run time with the size of the clock tree. The proposed method was tested on several large clock tree circuits, including a clock tree from a large industrial high-performance microprocessor. The results are compared with Monte Carlo simulation for accuracy comparison and demonstrate the need for statistical analysis of clock skew.
A report on the use of FORTRAN-coded EXPLOR for the teaching of computer graphics and computer art

A FORTRAN-coded version of my EXPLOR language (for the production of images from explicit patterns, local operations and randomness) has been used to teach computer graphics and computer art to a collection of undergraduate students in art and computer science at the University of California at Santa Cruz. My conclusions are (1) that this particular language makes it possible for relatively inexperienced programmers readily to produce a wide variety of interesting designs, (2) that a rather significant scope and quality of computer graphics can be done with simply a line printer as the output device (other equipment became available during the program) and (3) that teaching of the important concepts of computing can be facilitated by the use of graphic output - i.e. graphics can be considered an effective approach to computing as well as vice versa.