cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Muscadine grape skin extract can antagonize Snail-cathepsin L-mediated invasion, migration and osteoclastogenesis in prostate and breast cancer cells

To develop new and effective chemopreventive agents against bone metastasis, we assessed the effects of muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE), whose main bioactive component is anthocyanin, on bone turnover, using prostate and breast cancer cell models overexpressing Snail transcription factor. MSKE has been shown previously to promote apoptosis in prostate cancer cells without affecting normal prostate epithelial cells. Snail is overexpressed in prostate and breast cancer, and is associated with increased invasion, migration and bone turnover/osteoclastogenesis. Cathepsin L (CatL) is a cysteine cathepsin protease that is overexpressed in cancer and involved in bone turnover. Snail overexpression in prostate (LNCaP, ARCaP-E) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells led to increased CatL expression/activity and phosphorylated STAT-3 (pSTAT-3), compared to Neo vector controls, while the reverse was observed in C4-2 (the aggressive subline of LNCaP) cells with Snail knockdown. Moreover, CatL expression was higher in prostate and breast tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. MSKE decreased Snail and pSTAT3 expression, and abrogated Snail-mediated CatL activity, migration and invasion. Additionally, Snail overexpression promoted osteoclastogenesis, which was significantly inhibited by the MSKE as effectively as Z-FY-CHO, a CatL-specific inhibitor, or osteoprotegerin, a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) antagonist. Overall, these novel findings suggest that Snail regulation of CatL may occur via STAT-3 signaling and can be antagonized by MSKE, leading to decreased cell invasion, migration and bone turnover. Therefore, inhibition using a natural product such as MSKE could potentially be a promising bioactive compound for bone metastatic cancer.
Modeling nature: an innovative approach in bioengineering

The newly formed bioengineering department at the State University of New York at Binghamton has taken an innovative step in integrating a technical elective in bioengineering with sufficient humanities content to qualify as a humanities course according to the university criteria.
A microfluidic ExoSearch chip for multiplexed exosome detection towards blood-based ovarian cancer diagnosis

Tumor-derived circulating exosomes, enriched with a group of tumor antigens, have been recognized as a promising biomarker source for cancer diagnosis via a less invasive procedure. Quantitatively pinpointing exosome tumor markers is appealing, yet challenging. In this study, we developed a simple microfluidic approach (ExoSearch) which provides enriched preparation of blood plasma exosomes for in situ, multiplexed detection using immunomagnetic beads. The ExoSearch chip offers a robust, continuous-flow design for quantitative isolation and release of blood plasma exosomes in a wide range of preparation volumes (10 μL to 10 mL). We employed the ExoSearch chip for blood-based diagnosis of ovarian cancer by multiplexed measurement of three exosomal tumor markers (CA-125, EpCAM, CD24) using a training set of ovarian cancer patient plasma, which showed significant diagnostic power (a.u.c. = 1.0, p = 0.001) and was comparable with the standard Bradford assay. This work provides an essentially needed platform for utilization of exosomes in clinical cancer diagnosis, as well as fundamental exosome research.
Mora National Fish Hatchery

Aerial view of the Mora National Fish Hatchery, located on the edge of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains at 7,500 feet elevation. Photo credit: USFWS.Mora National Fish Hatchery (NFH) is located in no...
New Insights: PET imaging to document synergistic therapy effect of the ‘old’-ancient recipe, and the ‘new’-modern drug in stroke

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the number one cause of disability in the United States ([1][1]). Although prevention and effective treatment of stroke is of utmost importance, effective treatments to promote tissue repair and functional recovery after stroke are lacking.
SONATA: Social Network Assisted Trustworthiness Assurance in Smart City Crowdsensing

With the advent of mobile cloud computing paradigm, mobile social networks MSNs have become attractive tools to share, publish and analyze data regarding everyday behavior of mobile users. Besides revealing information about social interactions between individuals, MSNs can assist smart city applications through crowdsensing services. In presence of malicious users who aim at misinformation through manipulation of their sensing data, trustworthiness arises as a crucial issue for the users who receive service from smart city applications. In this paper, the authors propose a new crowdsensing framework, namely Social Network Assisted Trustworthiness Assurance SONATA which aims at maximizing crowdsensing platform utility and minimizing the manipulation probability through vote-based trustworthiness analysis in dynamic social network architecture. SONATA adopts existing Sybil detection techniques to identify malicious users who aim at misinformation/disinformation at the crowdsensing platform. The authors present performance evaluation of SONATA under various crowdsensing scenarios in a smart city setting. Performance results show that SONATA improves crowdsensing utility under light and moderate arrival rates of sensing task requests when less than 7% of the users are malicious whereas crowdsensing utility is significantly improved under all task arrival rates if the ratio of malicious users to the entire population is at least 7%. Furthermore, under each scenario, manipulation ratio is close to zero under SONATA while trustworthiness unaware recruitment of social network users leads to a manipulation probability of 2.5% which cannot be tolerated in critical smart city applications such as disaster management or public safety.
The Cultural Negotiation of Publics–Science Relations Effects of Idaho Residents’ Orientation Toward Science on Support for K-12 STEM Education

Understanding the intersections of science and publics has led to research on how diverse publics interpret scientific information and form positions on science-related issues. Research demonstrate...
Novel Patterns by Focused Ion Beam Guided Anodization

Focused ion beam patterning is a powerful technique for guiding the growth of ordered hexagonal porous anodic alumina. This study shows that, with the guidance of the focused ion beam patterning, hexagonal porous anodic alumina with interpore distances from 200 to 425 nm can be fabricated at 140 V in 0.3 M phosphoric acid. When the interpore distance is increased to 500 nm, alternating diameter nanopore arrays are synthesized with the creation and growth of new small pores at the junctions of three large neighboring pores. Moreover, alternating diameter nanopore arrays in hexagonal arrangement are fabricated by focused ion beam patterning guided anodization. Interpore distance is an important parameter affecting the arrangement of alternating diameter nanopore arrays. Different types of novel patterns are obtained by designing different focused ion beam concave arrays. The fundamental understanding of the process is discussed.
Endotracheal instillation of epinephrine in CPR in children

Objective To observe effect of endotracheal epinephrine instillation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in children,and to explore effective treatment to increase success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in children.Methods Thirty-two patients with cardiopulmonary arrest were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group(in each group,n=16).The children in the control group were intravenously injected epinephrine with a dose of 0.01~0.02 mg/kg and other 16 children in the experimental group were instilled epinephrine(0.1mg/kg) after endotracheal intubation through an endotracheal tube.Results The success rate in the experimental group was 62.5%,which was significantly higher than 25.0% in the control group.Conclusion Endotracheal intubation and endotracheal epinephrine instillation can improve the success rate of CPR effectively.
Monitoring results of iodized salt consumption among rural residents in Yanqing County of Beijing City from 2008-2012

[Objective]To analyze the monitoring results of iodized salt consumption among rural residents in YanQing County from2008-2012,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders and correct implementation of salt iodization.[Methods]According to"National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program",9 towns in rural areas of Yanqing County were selected for iodized salt consumption monitoring from 2008-2012.A total of 288 samples of edible salts were collected for iodine content determination according to direct titrimetric method of GB 13025.7-1999.[Results]The coverage rate of iodized salt was 95.80%,95.50%,92.00%,96.90%,97.22%,respectively from 2008-2012,with significant differences(P =0.022).The coverage rate was significantly different between 2010 and 2011 in 9 towns(P =0.011).And the coverage rate was also significantly different between 9 towns in 2010 and 2012(P = 0.006).The qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.60%,99.30%,98.10%,99.30%,99.29% from 2008-2012,without significant difference between years(P = 0.065).[Conclusion] The qualified rate of iodized salt in YanQing has reached the national standard,but still some residents consume disqualified iodized salt,so health education and salt iodization monitoring should be strengthened to consolidate the control results.
Studyof Numerical Simulation Methods for Tunnel Ventilation Piston Effect

The review of tunnel ventilation systems was presented and the latest related researches in the countny and abroad were introduced.Two numerical simulation methods were proposed to analyze the piston effect in the tunnel:dynamic mesh and momentum source method.The dynamic mesh method can reveal the real motion of vehicles and provide a detailed information of local parameter changes in 3-D space,however,much time should be taken for simulation and the efficiency is low.The momentum source method can achieve the vehicle motion by adding a momentum source.The latter method can avoid the large consumption of computing sources and time and can improve the simulation efficiency greatly.
DHX29 and eIF3 cooperate in ribosomal scanning on structured mRNAs during translation initiation

Eukaryotic translation initiation is a complex process involving many components. eIF3 is a scaffold for multiple initiation factors and plays multiple roles in initiation, and DHX29 helicase enhances the formation of the 48S initiation complex on structured mRNAs. Because DHX29 is not a processive helicase, the mechanism underlying its activity is unclear. Here, we show that DHX29 establishes many points of contact with eIF3. In particular, the unique N terminus of DHX29 associates with the RNA recognition motif of eIF3b and the C terminus of the eIF3a subunits of eIF3, and the disruption of either contact impairs DHX29 activity. In turn, DHX29 has weak points of contact with mRNA in the 48S initiation complex, and the pathway taken by mRNA remains unchanged. These results exclude the direct role for this protein in unwinding. Thus, DHX29 and eIF3 cooperate in scanning on structured mRNAs. Our findings support previous genetic data on the role of eIF3 during scanning.
Autonomous altitude measurement and landing area detection for indoor UAV applications

Fully autonomous navigation of unmanned vehicles, without relying on pre-installed tags or markers, still remains a challenge especially for GPS-denied areas and complex indoor environments. Robust altitude control and safe landing zone detection are two important tasks for indoor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for indoor UAVs to control their altitudes, and autonomously detect safe landing zones without relying on any markers, special setups, or assuming that the environment is known. The proposed method employs both depth data and RGB images to detect and also track the safe landing zones.
Management of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is one of the most common peripheral T-cell lymphomas, and the incidence is higher in blacks than non-Hispanic whites. ALK-positive and ALK-negative ALCL are distinct subtypes that have different characteristics and clinical outcomes. Breast implant-associated ALCL is a rare lymphoma that has a good survival outcome, and a recent study showed that total capsulectomy is essential for treatment. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is a standard treatment for relapsed/refractory ALCL. The response rate is high at 80-90%; however, once the disease progresses in patients on BV, survival outcome is very poor, with a median overall survival of less than two months.
Ventriloquism’s methodological scope

In this response to Cooren (2014), I question whether a theory tied to a scholarly tradition with strong epistemological and methodological commitments can in fact be a response to Craig’s (1999) call for dialogue between communication traditions. Ventriloquism originated in the Montreal School of the Communicative Constitution of Organizations (CCO), a field of study that understands organizations and organizing to be the result of interaction. Because of this epistemology, CCO scholars use conversation analysis (CA) as their primary method. Although Cooren has presented ventriloquism as a means to unify the field, it seems difficult to imagine other research methodologies being adopted into such a vision.
The evolution of scaling laws in the sea ice floe size distribution

The sub-gridscale floe size and thickness distribution (FSTD) is an emerging climate variable, playing a leading-order role in the coupling between sea ice, the ocean, and the atmosphere. The FSTD, however, is difficult to measure given the vast range of horizontal scales of individual floes, leading to the common use of power-law scaling to describe it. The evolution of a coupled mixed-layer-FSTD model of a typical marginal ice zone is explicitly simulated here, to develop a deeper understanding of how processes active at the floe scale may or may not lead to scaling laws in the floe size distribution. The time evolution of mean quantities obtained from the FSTD (sea ice concentration, mean thickness, volume) is complex even in simple scenarios, suggesting that these quantities, which affect climate feedbacks, should be carefully calculated in climate models. The emergence of FSTDs with multiple separate power-law regimes, as seen in observations, is found to be due to the combination of multiple scale-selective processes. Limitations in assuming a power-law FSTD are carefully analyzed, applying methods used in observations to FSTD model output. Two important sources of error are identified that may lead to model biases: one when observing an insufficiently small range of floe sizes, and one from the fact that floe-scale processes often do not produce power-law behavior. These two sources of error may easily lead to biases in mean quantities derived from the FSTD of greater than 100%, and therefore biases in modeled sea ice evolution.
Leveraging a Community Participatory Framework To Move Climate Survey Data Into Action at a Small College

A participatory framework in conducting research and implementing decisions can engage multiple constituents throughout a college community. At a small college, it is especially relevant, because nonmajority groups are especially vulnerable because of a smaller critical mass.
Causal Components of Variance

We have seen that we can equate the phenotypic value of an individual to the sum of the effects of its genotype and environment: $${P_{ij}} = \mu m + {G_i} + {E_{ij.}}$$ (38.1)
Teachers’, LGBTQ Students’, and Student Allies’ Perceptions of Bullying of Sexually-Diverse Youth

In this study, educators, LGBTQ (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or questioning their sexuality) students, and their allies in a southwestern Pennsylvania sample reported their perceptions of ...
Who's Contributing Most to American Neuroscience Journals: American or Foreign Authors?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: With globalization, the contributions of authors from abroad to the American published literature has increased. We sought to determine the changes with time in the proportional contributions of American and non-American authors in the American neurosciences literature. We hypothesized the following: 1) During the past 21 years, manuscript contributions of American institutions have proportionally decreased in neuroradiology, more than in neurosurgery or neurology; 2) contributions of Asian institutions have affected neuroradiology more than neurosurgery and neurology; and 3) American articles garner more citations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the May issues of 2 of the highest impact American-based neurology, neurosurgery, and neuroradiology journals published from 1997 to 2017. We counted the number of articles published by nation based on the institution of origin. We looked at trends across time and compared neurology, neurosurgery, and neuroradiology journals. We also gathered data on the number of citations of each article by nationality. RESULTS: We reviewed 3025 articles. There was a significantly lower ratio of American to non-American authorship in neuroradiology versus neurology/neurosurgery journals (odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.82). There was a significantly decreasing trend in American authorship across the 21 years in neuroradiology. Of the countries outside the United States, Japan contributed most for neuroradiology and neurosurgery journals, and the UK, for neurology. American-authored articles were cited, on average, 1.25 times more frequently than non-American-authored articles. CONCLUSIONS: Non-American contributions have impacted neuroradiology more than other clinical neuroscience fields with Asian authorship showing the greatest impact. That impact is growing, and the causes are manifold. Nonetheless American-authored articles are cited more.
Noise Analysis in Biochemical Complex Formation

Several biological functions are carried out via complexes that are formed via multimerization of either a single species (homomers) or multiple species (heteromers). Given functional relevance of these complexes, it is arguably desired to maintain their level at a set point and minimize fluctuations around it. Here we consider two simple models of complex formation -- one for homomer and another for heteromer of two species -- and analyze how important model parameters affect the noise in complex level. In particular, we study effects of (i) sensitivity of the complex formation rate with respect to constituting species9 abundance, and (ii) relative stability of the complex as compared with that of the constituents. By employing an approximate moment analysis, we find that for a given steady state level, there is an optimal sensitivity that minimizes noise (quantified by fano-factor; variance/mean) in the complex level. Furthermore, the noise becomes smaller if the complex is less stable than its constituents. Finally, for the heteromer case, our findings show that noise is enhanced if the complex is comparatively more sensitive to one constituent. We briefly discuss implications of our result for general complex formation processes.
Extramarital Affairs: Clinical Issues in Therapy:

Disclosure of an extramarital affair produces a crisis in most marriages that disrupts their stability. The therapist's task is to help the wife and husband to use the crisis to restructure their r...
Inchworm movement of two rings switching onto a thread by biased Brownian diffusion represent a three-body problem

The coordinated motion of many individual components underpins the operation of all machines. However, despite generations of experience in engineering, understanding the motion of three or more coupled components remains a challenge, known since the time of Newton as the “three-body problem.” Here, we describe, quantify, and simulate a molecular three-body problem of threading two molecular rings onto a linear molecular thread. Specifically, we use voltage-triggered reduction of a tetrazine-based thread to capture two cyanostar macrocycles and form a [3]pseudorotaxane product. As a consequence of the noncovalent coupling between the cyanostar rings, we find the threading occurs by an unexpected and rare inchworm-like motion where one ring follows the other. The mechanism was derived from controls, analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) traces, and Brownian dynamics simulations. CVs from two noncovalently interacting rings match that of two covalently linked rings designed to thread via the inchworm pathway, and they deviate considerably from the CV of a macrocycle designed to thread via a stepwise pathway. Time-dependent electrochemistry provides estimates of rate constants for threading. Experimentally derived parameters (energy wells, barriers, diffusion coefficients) helped determine likely pathways of motion with rate-kinetics and Brownian dynamics simulations. Simulations verified intercomponent coupling could be separated into ring–thread interactions for kinetics, and ring–ring interactions for thermodynamics to reduce the three-body problem to a two-body one. Our findings provide a basis for high-throughput design of molecular machinery with multiple components undergoing coupled motion.
Novel solutions to enable contact resistivity 2 for 5nm node and beyond

In this paper, we present a solution for NP [B]: 1.0x1021cm-3 for PSD epi). These new process technologies provide a pathway to achieve the target p c required for transistor performance in advanced logic devices.
First Ladies/First Wives, First Women Presidents: Sexuality, Leadership and Power in the African Diaspora

The idea or presence of a Black First Lady does not originate with Michelle Obama. During her last visit to Africa, Michelle Obama was photographed with other African first ladies at the African First Ladies Summit. While first ladies, though often-powerful women themselves, access power through marriage to a man who becomes president or prime minister, there is a growing body of women writing of their own experiences of engagement with power, as first woman presidents or prime ministers themselves. In this chapter, Dr. Carole Boyce Davies addresses issues of leadership in two different arenas, the first wife pathway to leadership, the rise of women as presidents themselves. It also examines issues of sexuality in the construction of both versions of Black women’s political leadership.
Utilization of RFID Technology for Omni-channel Fulfillment in the See-Now-Buy-Now Business Model of Fashion

In the current global fashion market, the utilization of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has continuously enhanced retail sales performance and productivity. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on RFID utilization in the See-Now-Buy-Now fashion business model. This study identified five conditions to meet by fashion companies for efficient RFID incorporation into the See-Now-Buy-Now fashion business model, which require immediate order fulfillment after presenting their runway collections: (a) essential RFID components, (b) a compatible cloud-based solution, (c) predictive analysis capability, (d) strong IT infrastructure for operating mobile commerce, and (e) a vertically integrated supply chain. The current research also determined major challenges of current RFID used in the fashion industry, such as passive RFID tag limitations, cloud system interoperability, and privacy and security concerns on RFID data sharing.
Solving Optimal Control with Nonlinear Dynamics Using Sequential Convex Programming

Sequential convex programming (SCP) is a useful tool in obtaining real-time solutions to direct optimal control, but it is unable to adequately model nonlinear dynamics due to the linearization and discretization required. As nonlinear program solvers are not yet functioning in real-time, a tool is needed to bridge the gap between satisfying the nonlinear dynamics and completing execution fast enough to be useful. This paper presents a real-time control algorithm, sequential convex programming with nonlinear dynamics correction (SCPn), which ameliorates the performance of SCP under nonlinear dynamics. Simulations are presented to validate the efficacy of the method.
Phase-Change Thermal Management Solutions for Advanced Electronics

Thermal management of modern electronics devices is becoming increasingly difficult as higher device power requirements are fitted into ever smaller packages. This trend challenges efforts to achieve continued improvements in overall system efficiency, where reductions in the combined energy usage of the electrical and thermal-management systems are desired. Two-phase jet impingement is a technology that can enable high cooling efficiency in a variety of applications. Recent advances in this technology are presented and opportunities for further improvement are identified and discussed.
Reappraising the role of inflammation in heart failure.

The observation that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with elevated circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines opened a new area of research that has revealed a potentially important role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, until the publication in 2019 of the CANTOS trial findings on heart failure outcomes, all attempts to target inflammation in the heart failure setting in phase III clinical trials resulted in neutral effects or worsening of clinical outcomes. This lack of positive results in turn prompted questions on whether inflammation is a cause or consequence of heart failure. This Review summarizes the latest developments in our understanding of the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and highlights the results of phase III clinical trials of therapies targeting inflammatory processes in the heart failure setting, such as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies. The most recent of these studies, the CANTOS trial, raises the exciting possibility that, in the foreseeable future, we might be able to identify those patients with heart failure who have a cardio-inflammatory phenotype and will thus benefit from therapies targeting inflammation. Inflammation has an important role in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic heart failure. This Review summarizes the latest findings on the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and highlights the results of phase III clinical trials of therapies targeting inflammatory processes in this condition, such as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies.
Development of a tailored combination of machine learning approaches to model volumetric soil water content within a mesic forest in the Pacific Northwest

Abstract To monitor the complex interdependency between soil moisture and productivity of Douglas-fir forests in the Pacific Northwest a dense low-cost network of soil moisture sensors was installed in association with 33 forest vegetation plots in a single 2260-ha watershed in western Oregon. Four sensors were installed in each plot to record volumetric soil water content and soil temperature 5 and 50 cm below the surface of mineral soil at 2-hr intervals from 2012 through 2018. Significant data gaps restricted the full utilization of the resulting dataset summarized as daily averages. A Self-Organizing Map neural network was applied to find clusters of plots with similar functional dependencies of soil temperature and soil moisture values. The results guided the subsequent assignment of the most suitable time series as input for plot-specific Distributed Time Delay Neural Networks that were trained to simulate the time series of volumetric water content in the two soil depths at 33 locations. In addition to contemporaneous inputs used in conventional neural networks, the application of Distributed Time Delay Neural Networks allows the incorporation of prior sections of the input time series data. The results show the high performance of the combined machine learning approaches that capitalize on the spatial data richness of the dense monitoring network. The correlation coefficient for the test data subsets averages 0.95 and the mean error equals 0.04 cm3/cm3. The correlation between time series at various plots was retained for the modeled data. A cross-comparison of the data revealed that 81% of the 5-cm soil moisture data and 95% of the 50-cm soil moisture data show less than 10% difference between the coefficients of determination prior to and after the gap-filling procedure. The long-term gap-filled soil moisture extremes correspond well with a high-resolution Palmer Drought Severity Index calculated for the area.
Transcranial Doppler Emboli Monitoring for Infective Endocarditis.

Background and purpose Ischemic stroke can occur in 20-55% of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) with 75% occurring during the first 2 weeks of treatment. CT or MRI brain can diagnose the sequelae of stroke but transcranial Doppler (TCD) can document active embolization. We undertook a retrospective review of our patient cohort and a systematic review of literature to assess the role of TCD in early diagnosis and management of ischemic stroke in IE. Methods Retrospective chart review and literature review. Results We found 89 patients with stroke caused by IE at our institution from December 2011 to April 2018. TCDs were obtained on 26 patients; 16 were abnormal for cerebrovascular abnormalities. Only 4 patients had 30-minute emboli monitoring performed, of which one revealed emboli. We found 3 studies investigating the role of TCDs in IE that showed promise in its use as a predictive tool in stroke risk stratification. Conclusions Presence of embolization in the form of high-intensity transient signals (HITS) detected on TCDs can be used for early diagnosis of IE, assessing efficacy of antibiotic therapy, and stratification of stroke risk in IE. This can aid further research into testing preventative interventions for reducing stroke burden in IE such as earlier valvular surgery or vacuum-assisted vegetation extraction.
Life-long persistence of infectious Zika virus: Inflammation and behavioral sequela

Abstract The recent spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its association with congenital defects and neurological disorders has created an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of ZIKV and identify therapeutic strategies that will prevent or eliminate them. The neurodevelopmental defects associated with ZikV infections early in pregnancy are well documented, however the potential defects associated with infections in late pregnancy and perinatal period are less well characterized. Further, the long-term sequelae of these infections are not fully understood. Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice infected at one day old (P1), which neurodevelopmentally model late pregnancy in humans, develop a transient neurological syndrome including unsteady gait, kinetic tremors, severe ataxia and seizures 10-15 days post-infection (dpi) but symptoms subside after a week, and most animals survive. Despite apparent recovery, MRI of convalescent mice shows reduced cerebellar volume that correlates with altered coordination and motor function as well as hyperactivity and impulsivity. Persistent mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory genes including Cd80, Il-1α, and Ifn-γ together with Cd3, Cd8 and perforin (PrfA), suggested the persistence of a low-grade inflammatory process. Further, the brain parenchyma of convalescent mice harbor multiple small foci with viral antigen, active apoptotic processes in neurons, and cellular infiltrates, surrounded by activated astrocytes and microglia as late as 1-year post-infection. Detection of negative-sense strand viral RNA and replication of virus derived from these convalescent mice by blinded passage in Vero cells confirmed that low levels of live ZikV persist in CNS of convalescent mice life-long. Our studies establish that Zika can establish reservoirs in CNS and suggest that anti-viral treatment that clears virus from the CNS as well as long-term neurological and behavioral monitoring may be needed for patients known to be exposed to ZikV at an early age. Author’s summary The congenital brain malformations associated with ZikV infections early in pregnancy are well documented, however whether apparently asymptomatic perinatal exposure could lead to long term sequelae is not fully understood. Using a non-lethal neonatal mouse model, we examine host-pathogen interactions, anatomical changes and behavioral patterns by following survivors of the acute infection for over 1 year. We discover that infectious Zika virus has the potential to remain in the CNS for life, lodged within small foci surrounded by gliosis and infiltrating immune cells that may act to limit the viral spread, but also interfere with healing and contribute to life-long neuropathic and behavioral sequelae. These results suggest that anti-viral treatment and long-term neurological and behavioral monitoring may be indicated for patients known to have been exposed to Zika virus, regardless of neurodevelopmental disease severity.
Effect of wetsuit outer surface material on thermoregulation during surfing

While some research does exist on wetsuit thermoregulation, there is currently a paucity in the literature describing how various types of neoprene materials affect skin temperatures. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the slick neoprene would lead to higher skin temperatures in comparison to the jersey material. Participants wore a custom wetsuit with the torso made of half slick and half jersey neoprene materials (n = 78). Participants either participated in one of two field studies or engaged in a simulated surfing session in a flume after sunset, where the influence of direct sun exposure was eliminated. In the field, participants wore four thermistors placed on either side of the chest and the upper back (n = 27) or the abdomen and the lower back (n = 31). Skin temperatures were measured across typical surfing sessions. In the laboratory, the participants (n = 20) wore all eight sensors in the anatomical locations described above, and skin temperatures were recorded across a simulated surfing session. In the field study, the mean skin temperatures under the slick neoprene were significantly higher when compared to the jersey neoprene for the upper chest (p < 0.001), upper back (p = 0.001), and lower back (p < 0.001) at all time points. In the laboratory study, skin temperatures were significantly higher under the slick neoprene at the upper chest and lower back (p < 0.001). These findings may be a result of greater heat absorptive properties of slick neoprene during exposure to the sun and the water-retaining properties of jersey-lined neoprene.
Abstract P109: Activation Of Hypothalamic Glutamate Receptors Is Required For Angiotensin II-elicited Hypertensive Response Sensitization (HTRS) In Rats

Hypertension is associated with sympathetic nervous system activation, which involves interactions between the renin-angiotensin system and glutamatergic mechanisms in the hypothalamic paraventricu...
Evidence for a thermally driven charge-density-wave transition in 1T-TaS2 thin-film devices: Prospects for GHz switching speed

We report on the room-temperature switching of 1T-TaS2 thin-film charge-density-wave devices, using nanosecond-duration electrical pulsing to construct their time-resolved current–voltage characteristics. The switching action is based upon the nearly commensurate to incommensurate charge-density-wave phase transition in this material, which has a characteristic temperature of 350 K at thermal equilibrium. For sufficiently short pulses, with rise times in the nanosecond range, self-heating of the devices is suppressed, and their current–voltage characteristics are weakly nonlinear and free of hysteresis. This changes as the pulse duration is increased to ∼200 ns, where the current develops pronounced hysteresis that evolves nonmonotonically with the pulse duration. By combining the results of our experiments with a numerical analysis of transient heat diffusion in these devices, we clearly reveal the thermal origins of their switching. In spite of this thermal character, our modeling suggests that suitable reduction of the size of these devices should allow their operation at GHz frequencies.
Optimal Generation of Multivariate Seismic Intensity Maps Using Hazard Quantization

AbstractThis paper introduces a method for the optimal generation of multivariate intensity measure (IM) maps representing various aspects of the intensity of an earthquake over a region that can b...
Reusable SERS active substrates for ultrasensitive molecular detection

Abstract Silver nanoparticles coated silicon nanospikes were investigated as efficient and reusable SERS active substrates. Silicon nanospikes were fabricated employing femtosecond laser pulses and were made SERS active through deposition of silver nanoparticles by reducing silver nitrate. The prepared substrates offer good SERS reproducibility with high enhancement factors. The SERS detection limits of 1 pico-molar from Rhodamine 6G and 100 pico-molar from Methylene blue were demonstrated. In addition, these SERS substrates are reusable by simple washing and no observable degradation of sensitivity was measured.
Changing Conceptualizations of Mental Health and Mental Illness : Implications of Brain Disease and Behavioral Health for Social Work

Conceptualizations of mental health and mental illness continue to be an important influence in shaping social work practice and education. By critically analyzing the emergence of the current concepts of “brain disease” and “behavioral health,” we are able to better understand the stakeholders in this renaming process. The inherent assumptions and the sociopolitical aspects of these two concepts are analyzed. Recommendations for social work practitioners and educators in preparing for a future in which they will participate more fully in the professional dialog about changes in the vocabulary of mental illness and thus more meaningfully shape the service delivery system in general, and the social work domain, in particular, are offered.
INELASTIC SCATTERING CALCULATIONS WITH PROJECTED HARTREE--FOCK WAVE FUNCTIONS. II. COUPLED-CHANNEL TREATMENT.

Microscopic coupled-channel analysis of proton inelastic scattering from neon and magnesium ions
Consequences of Extreme Photon Confinement in Micro- Cavities: I. Ultra-Sensitive Dedection of Perturbations by Bio-Molecules

It is becoming possible to confine optical photons within a dielectric microparticle (radius∼100µm) for microseconds. This lifetime would allow a free-ranging photon to travel ∼300 m in vacuum. In the frequency domain such a mode resonates with a ratio of frequency to line-width Q }109. With such a narrow line-width, the sensitivity to size and refractive index perturbations is extreme. An average size change of less than 1 picometer shifts the resonance line through its complete width. These resonances may be stimulated evanescently by coupling to the guided wave in an optical fiber core. Researchers recently used this fiber-microsphere system to detect hybridization of DNA on a microsphere surface, and found that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, one base mismatch) in a long DNA target could be detected with a signal to noise ratio of 54.
Venus: Interpreting the spatial distribution of volcanically modified craters

To understand the impact cratering record on Venus, we investigate two distinct resurfacing styles: localized, thin flows and large shield volcanoes. We statistically analyze the size-frequency distribution of volcanically modified craters and, using Monte Carlo simulations, their spatial distribution. Lava flows partially fill most craters, darkening their floors in radar images. We find that a model featuring localized, thin flows occurring throughout geologic time predicts their observed distribution. Individual flows may be morphologically indistinguishable, but, combined, they cover large provinces. Recent mantle plumes may drive a small amount of hot spot magmatism that produces the observed clusters of large shield volcanoes and obviously embayed craters. Ultimately, our analysis demonstrates that two styles of volcanism are needed to explain the observed properties of impact craters and that catastrophic resurfacing is not required.
Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Shiga-like toxin II of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and use of the monoclonal antibodies in a colony enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The major obstacle in large-scale epidemiological investigations of the incidence of Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing Escherichia coli in diarrheal stools is the lack of a rapid, specific test to detect toxin. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli produces elevated levels of SLT-I, SLT-II, or both cytotoxins (also called Verotoxins). SLT-I but not SLT-II can be neutralized by antiserum to purified Shiga toxin and by monoclonal antibodies to the B subunit of SLT-I. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were generated against a crude preparation of SLT-II produced by an E. coli K-12 strain lysogenized with the 933W toxin-converting phage of enterohemorrhagic E. coli 933. Hybridoma culture supernatants were screened for anti-SLT-II antibodies by a cytotoxicity neutralization assay and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of 53 ELISA-positive lines, 5 were capable of neutralizing the cytotoxicity of SLT-II but not of SLT-I, Shiga toxin, or a variant of SLT-II produced by E. coli that causes edema disease of swine. All five monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated the isolated A subunit of SLT-II but not the B subunit. Of these five neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, four were of the immunoglobulin M class and one belonged to the immunoglobulin G1 subclass. All five lines had kappa light chains. These neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been used as probes in a colony ELISA to detect SLT-II-positive bacterial colonies. The colony ELISA with these monoclonal antibodies is a specific, sensitive test with potential diagnostic value. Images
Spin-relaxation model for the Mössbauer spectra of BaSnxTi2-xFe4O11: A ferric oxide spin glass.

A spin-relaxation model was used to interpret the $^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ M\"ossbauer spectra of the ferric oxide spin glass ${\mathrm{BaSn}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{11}$, with x=0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0. This interpretation is suggested as an alternative to distributions of static hyperfine nuclear fields, which require many free parameters to account for the temperature dependence of the spectra, and do not have an obvious physical interpretation. The spin-relaxation analysis used here reduces to the number of free parameters to essentially two: a spin-freezing molecular field and an electronic spin-flip frequency. The results verify the existence of a double magnetic transition in the sample with x=0.0, and the suppression of the upper transition in the samples with x=0.4 and 0.8. The results also suggest the presence of a double magnetic transition in the samples with xg1.0 which has not been observed using other measurements, and may be related to a known difference in structure between the x=0.0 and 2.0 samples. The least-squares fits obtained rival the results of distributions of static fields while requiring fewer free parameters that have direct physical significance. It is suggested that many analyses of spin-glass materials in terms of static-hyperfine-field distributions should be reconsidered.
Understanding and Assessing Trauma in Children and Adolescents: Measures, Methods, and Youth in Context, by K. Nader

Understanding and Assessing Trauma in Children and Adolescents: Measures, Methods, and Youth in Context is a valuable resource for any individual working in the field of child trauma. Comprehensive...
Li+ cation coordination in [Li2(CF3SO3)2(diglyme)] and [Li3(C2F3O2)3(diglyme)]

The title compounds, poly­[[[bis(2-methoxy­ethyl) ether]­lithium(I)]-di-μ3-tri­fluoro­methanesulfonato-lithium(I)], [Li2(CF3SO3)2(C6H14O3)]n, and poly­[[[bis(2-methoxy­ethyl) ether]­lithium(I)]-di-μ3-tri­fluoro­acetato-dilithium(I)-μ3-tri­fluoro­acetato], [Li3(C2F3O2)3(C6H14O3)]n, consist of one-dimensional polymer chains. Both structures contain five-coordinate Li+ cations coordinated by a tridentate diglyme [bis(2-methoxy­ethyl) ether] mol­ecule and two O atoms, each from separate anions. In both structures, the [Li(diglyme)X2]− (X is CF3SO3 or CF3CO2) fragments are further connected by other Li+ cations and anions, creating one-dimensional chains. These connecting Li+ cations are coordinated by four separate anions in both compounds. The CF3SO3− and CF3CO2− anions, however, adopt different forms of cation coordination, resulting in differences in the connectivity of the structures and solvate stoichiometries.
Educational Services for Children with Chronic Illnesses: Perspectives of Educators and Families

Two parallel studies examined schools' and families' perceptions of the needs of children with chronic illnesses. Samples of 80 California school districts and 72 families were interviewed regarding types of chronic illnesses and school services, perceptions of and barriers to services, strategies for overcoming barriers, and fears and concerns of children with chronic illnesses. Most students were served in regular classes or at home. The most common barriers named by districts were funding and lack of public and staff awareness. Barriers named by families included teachers' misunderstanding of the child's needs and misinformation about the illness. Families focused on social-emotional issues and the impact of illness on their child's life; districts emphasized school absences and falling behind in schoolwork.