cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turner Syndrome with aberrant right subclavian artery and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

We report the case of a 6 year old girl with Turner syndrome and aberrant right subclavian artery with an incidental finding of PAPVR on contrast-enhanced, high-pitch, 128-slice, electrocardiographic-gated dual source CT. There is value of using high-pitch DSCT in pediatric patients for diagnostic images with minimal radiation exposure.
Paclitaxel in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Its Role in Patients with Renal Insufficiency and as Salvage Therapy

AbstractPurpose: We evaluated the role of paclitaxel in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma and renal insufficiency or as second line therapy for metastatic disease.Materials and Methods: Nine patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma received 175 to 250 mg./m.2 paclitaxel intravenously as a 24-hour infusion. Six patients had renal insufficiency with a median serum creatinine of 2.25 mg./dl. (range 1.9 to 3.2) and 3 with normal renal function were treated after disease progression following 1 to 2 prior chemotherapy regimens.Results: Of 9 patients 5 (56 percent) achieved a partial response, including 4 to 6 with renal insufficiency. Toxicity was primarily hematological with 4 patients experiencing febrile neutropenia. There was no adverse impact on renal function.Conclusions: Paclitaxel as a single agent represents an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium and renal insufficiency precluding cisplatin or gallium nitrate based che...
Flexural characterization of cell encapsulated PEGDA hydrogels with applications for tissue engineered heart valves.

The limitations of the current clinical options for valve replacements have inspired the development of enabling technologies to create a tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV). Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel scaffolds permit greater biological and biomechanical customization than do non-woven mesh scaffold technologies. However, the material characterization of PEGDA hydrogels has been predominantly limited to compression and tension, as opposed to bending. Since large flexural deformations result in points of maximum stress in native valves as well as TEHVs, it is crucial to evaluate any potential scaffold material in this mode. The effect of formulation parameters on the bending mechanics of cell-seeded PEGDA hydrogels were investigated with a custom designed bending tester. Three molecular weights (3.4, 6, and 8 kDa) and three weight fractions (5%, 10%, and 15%, w/v) were subjected to three-point bending tests and the flexural stiffness was calculated. Manipulating the composition of the hydrogels resulted in flexural stiffnesses comparable with native tissues (15–220 kPa) with varied mesh sizes and swelling ratios. Hydrogels containing encapsulated valve cells, methacrylated heparin (Hep-MA), or both were substantially less stiff than acellular hydrogels. In conclusion, PEGDA hydrogels are an attractive potential scaffold system for TEHVs because they are not only cytocompatible and modifiable but can also withstand bending deformations. These studies are the first to explore the encapsulation of valvular interstitial cells in pure PEGDA hydrogels as well as to investigate the bending properties of PEGDA gels.
Relations of Cigarette Smoking and Dietary Antioxidants with Placental Calcification

Associations between maternal cigarette smoking and accelerated placental maturation measured as tissue calcification have been reported. The authors sought to address whether intakes of the dietary antioxidants, vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene, were related to placental calcification of the maternal surface and villi in a cohort of smokers and nonsmokers at risk for delivering small-for-gestational age infants. Gross and histologic examination of placentas were used to determine calcification at the surface (n = 1,213) and villus sites (n = 730), respectively, in a prospective study of black and white women who delivered singleton births between December 1985 and October 1988 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital in Birmingham, Alabama. Controlling for race and gestational age, likelihood of surface and villus calcification increased as smoking levels increased. Significant reductions in villus calcification were related to alpha-tocopherol intake after controlling for smoking and gestation while intakes of beta-carotene and vitamin C were related to significant reductions in calcification for black but not white women. Surface calcification was not found to be related to antioxidant intake. The authors' findings confirm a pathologic relation between smoking and placental calcification and suggest that dietary antioxidants may reduce villus calcification.
Amygdala response to sucrose consumption is inversely related to artificial sweetener use

Controversy exists over whether exposure to artificial sweeteners degrades the predictive relationship between sweet taste and its post-ingestive consequences. Here we tested whether brain response to caloric sucrose is influenced by individual differences in self-reported artificial sweetener use. Twenty-six subjects participated in fMRI scanning while consuming sucrose solutions. A negative correlation between artificial sweetener use and amygdala response to sucrose ingestion was observed. This finding supports the hypothesis that artificial sweetener use may be associated with brain changes that could influence eating behavior.
Aedes Vexans and Aedes Sierrensis (Diptera: Culicidae): Potential Vectors of Dirofilaria Immitis in Tehama County, Northern California, USA

Two sites in Tehama Co., northern California, USA, were studied during May–July 1980 to determine potential mosquito vectors of canine heartworm ( Dirofilaria immitis ). Aedes vexans and Ae. sierrensis predominated at a town site and Ae. sierrensis at a sparsely inhabited woodland site. Both Aedes species entered field-placed kennels housing a D. immitis -infeclecl dog and engorged. Of 52 Ae. vexans and 10 Ae. sieirensis collected, filariae completed development in 7 (13.5%) and 6 (60.0%), respectively, after 13–28 days of extrinsic incubation at ambient temperatures in an open laboratory. Mosquitoes collected from uninfected dogs in and outside kennels and from CO2-baited light traps were examined for wild Dirofilaria infection. Eight (3.1%) of 256 Ae. vexans examined from the town site harbored filariae, presumably D. immitis ; infection rates up to 10.5% were found in individual collections. Filariae were not observed in the 61 Ae. sieirensis examined from both sites. Vector potential of Ae. vexans is considered high, based on its suitability as an intermediate host, recovery of Dirofilaria from wild mosquitoes, ecological association with clogs and seasonal abundance. Ae. sieirensis was a suitable host fory D. immitis and was associated with dogs; however, its vector potential may be limited in Tehama Co. by a short season of adult activity.
Diagnostic glenohumeral arthroscopy fails to fully evaluate the biceps-labral complex.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the limits of diagnostic glenohumeral arthroscopy and determine the prevalence and frequency of hidden extra-articular “bicipital tunnel” lesions among chronically symptomatic patients. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens underwent diagnostic glenohumeral arthroscopy with percutaneous tagging of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) during maximal tendon excursion. The percentage of visualized LHBT was calculated relative to the distal margin of subscapularis tendon and the proximal margin of the pectoralis major tendon. Then, a retrospective review of 277 patients who underwent subdeltoid transfer of the LHBT to the conjoint tendon were retrospectively analyzed for lesions of the biceps-labral complex. Lesions were categorized by anatomic location (inside, junctional, or bicipital tunnel). Inside lesions were labral tears. Junctional lesions were LHBT tears visualized during glenohumeral arthroscopy. Bicipital tunnel lesions were extra-articular lesions hidden from view during standard glenohumeral arthroscopy. Results: Seventy-eight percent of LHBT were visualized relative to the distal margin of the subscapularis tendon and only 55% relative to the proximal margin of the pectoralis major tendon. No portion of the LHBT inferior to the subscapularis tendon was visualized. Forty-seven percent of patients had hidden bicipital tunnel lesions. Scarring was most common and accounted for 48% of all such lesions. Thirty-seven percent of patients had multiple lesion locations. Forty-five percent of patients with junctional lesions also had hidden bicipital tunnel lesions. The only offending lesion was in the bicipital tunnel for 18% of patients. Conclusions: Diagnostic glenohumeral arthroscopy fails to fully evaluate the biceps-labral complex because it visualizes only 55% of the LHBT relative to the proximal margin of the pectoralis major tendon and did not identify extra-articular bicipital tunnel lesions present in 47% of chronically symptomatic patients. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic case series and cadaveric study.
Role of intracellular Ca2+ sequestration in beta-adrenergic relaxation of a smooth muscle.

Various mechanisms have been proposed for β-adrenergically mediated relaxation of smooth muscle. All theories suggest the involvement of cyclic AMP as a second messenger: β-agonists stimulate adenylate cyclase which converts ATP to cyclic AMP1 and protein kinase, activated by cyclic AMP, is then thought to catalyse a protein phosphorylation that leads to a reduction in free Ca2+, thus effecting relaxation1. How this last step is accomplished is much debated, but the following possibilities are currently considered as the mechanisms responsible for cyclic AMP-induced reduction of cytoplasmic Ca2+: activation of a Ca2+-ATPase in the plasma and/or sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes which lowers cytoplasmic [Ca2+] in a direct manner or stimulation of (Na+–K+)ATPase in the cell membrane which may indirectly effect Ca2+ extrusion2–8. Among the hypotheses suggested, those of Ca2+ sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and of Ca2+ extrusion across the cell membrane are consistent with each other if it is assumed that both processes are effected by a cyclic AMP-sensitive Ca2+-ATPase. However, quite a different mechanism is implied by involving the Na+–K2+ pump and Na+–Ca2+ exchange carrier. In this report, we present evidence that suggests intracellular Ca2+ sequestration is the mechanism involved.
How can psychological science inform research about genetic counseling for clinical genomic sequencing

Next generation genomic sequencing technologies (including whole genome or whole exome sequencing) are being increasingly applied to clinical care. Yet, the breadth and complexity of sequencing information raise questions about how best to communicate and return sequencing information to patients and families in ways that facilitate comprehension and optimal health decisions. Obtaining answers to such questions will require multidisciplinary research. In this paper, we focus on how psychological science research can address questions related to clinical genomic sequencing by explaining emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes in response to different types of genomic sequencing information (e.g., diagnostic results and incidental findings). We highlight examples of psychological science that can be applied to genetic counseling research to inform the following questions: (1) What factors influence patients’ and providers’ informational needs for developing an accurate understanding of what genomic sequencing results do and do not mean?; (2) How and by whom should genomic sequencing results be communicated to patients and their family members?; and (3) How do patients and their families respond to uncertainties related to genomic information?
Lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose and mammary tissue and plasma triglyceride in pregnant and lactating rats

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of pregnancy and lactation on lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose and mammary tissues and on plasma triglyceride concentration were studied in the rat. 2. 2. Plasma triglyceride concentration, 0.9 mM in control rats, increased 3-fold between the 12th and 20th days of pregnancy to a peak of 3.3 mM, and then decreased 50% during the next 2 days. It increased again at parturition, on the 22nd–23rd days of pregnancy, to 3.0 mM, and then fell sharply and remained below 1.0 mM throughout lactation. 3. 3. Lipoprotein lipase activity in parametrial adipose tissue, 12 units/g in control rats, increased 2-fold between the 9th and 12th days of pregnancy and then decreased slightly during the next 7 days, (1 unit of lipoprotein lipase activity = 1 μmole of triglyceride hydrolyzed per h.) It decreased on the 20th day to 5 units/g, reached 2 units/g at parturition, and remained below 2 units/g throughout lactation. 4. 4. Lipoprotein lipase activity in the inguinal-abdominal mammary glands increased very slowly during the first 20 days of pregnancy, from 0.9 units/g to 7 units/g. It then increased the next day to 21 units/g, decreased sharply at parturition to 6 units/g, and increased after parturition to more than 40 units/g. Lipoprotein lipase activity in mammary gland remained high as long as the mother suckled. 5. 5. Nonsuckling for 9 or more h decreased mammary gland lipoprotein lipase activity to near zero and increased plasma triglyceride concentration to 3 mM. Nonsuckling also increased lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue. 6. 6. Ligation of the lactiferous ducts of the inguinal-abdominal glands on one side markedly reduced the lipoprotein lipase activity in these glands but not that in the contralateral, suckled glands. 7. 7. Plasma triglyceride concentration was inversely related to the lipoprotein lipase activity in mammary tissue during the last 2 days of pregnancy and throughout lactation. 8. 8. It is suggested that the changes in lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose and mammary tissues that occur during late pregnancy and lactation serve to divert dietary lipid from storage in adipose tissue to mammary glands for milk formation.
Collection Management Statements on the World Wide Web

SUMMARY This article surveyed the web pages of 124 libraries that are members of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). The survey was looking to find collection policies or statements that might be available from the web pages of ARL libraries. The examination was hoping to find different examples of collection management statements that would range from the very detailed to nothing at all. It's hoped that the information gathered in this article will show the extent that major research institutions communicate collection management information using the electronic medium.
Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: The United States, France, and Turkey

1. Analyzing secularism: history, ideology, and policy Part I. The United States: 2. Passive secularism and the Christian right's challenge (1981-2008) 3. Religious diversity and the evolution of passive secularism (1776-1981) Part II. France: 4. Assertive secularism and the multiculturalist challenge (1989-2008) 5. The war of two Frances and the rise of assertive secularism (1789-1989) Part III. Turkey: 6. Assertive secularism and the Islamic challenge (1997-2008) 7. Westernization and the emergence of assertive secularism (1826-1997).
Fluorescence emission-based detection and diagnosis of malignancy.

Over the past decades, laser use in medicine has expanded from its initial application as a light-based scalpel to a plethora of clinical uses, ranging from surgical treatment through composite polymerization, dental ablation, vision correction, and skin resurfacing to diverse diagnostic modalities. Recently, the concept of light-based diagnostics and therapy has come under investigation. Low light intensities are used to excite endogenous or exogenous fluorophores, some of which have characteristic fluorescence emissions in pathological tissues. Thus, premalignancy and malignancy potentially can be detected and diagnosed. Photosensitized superficial lesions can subsequently be destroyed selectively by using higher intensities of laser light. The application of fluorescence emission-based detection and diagnosis of precancer and cancer is reviewed, based on its application to the oral cavity-the author's primary anatomical area of expertise. This approach is justified as the same principles apply throughout the human body; to any area accessible to the clinician either directly or by some sort of fiber-optic probe.
Bakers' Yeast, a Model for Fungal Biofilm Formation

Biofilms are formed by the aggregation of microorganisms into multicellular structures that adhere to surfaces. Here we show that bakers' yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can initiate biofilm formation. When grown in low-glucose medium, the yeast cells adhered avidly to a number of plastic surfaces. On semi-solid (0.3% agar) medium they formed "mats": complex multicellular structures composed of yeast-form cells. Both attachment to plastic and mat formation require Flo11p, a member of a large family of fungal cell surface glycoproteins involved in adherence. The ability to study biofilm formation in a tractable genetic system may facilitate the identification of new targets for antifungal therapy.
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins: effect of phospholipids.

Abstract Under the conditions described in this report, it was found that the occurrence of phospholipids in membrane samples has no artifactual impact on the subsequent separation and visualization of membrane proteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gels stained with Coomassie Blue.
Emerging factors shaping the future of the Veterans' Health Administration: a strategic analysis.

In response to societal and industry-wide forces, the Veterans' Health Administration (VHA) has undertaken a re-engineering process, changing the operational and management structure from individual, independent, and often competing large hospital centres into 22 integrated service networks or VISNs to provide structural incentives for efficiency, quality and improved access as well as transitioning the system to one that is grounded in ambulatory and primary care (Ashton et al., 1998). This paper presents a framework for evaluating the successes and/or failures of the recent re-organization efforts of the VHA in bringing together this multitude of medical care 'parts' or modules into an integrated, cost-effective healthcare delivery system. In total, this paper attempts to delineate an analytical framework by which the threats and opportunities as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the VHA are identified. More specifically, this paper addresses the external pressures driving reform in the VHA system...
In the Name of War: Judicial Review and the War Powers since 1918

For more than a century, in settings where the political branches of government were unable or unwilling to exercise self-restraint, the Supreme Court was disposed to treat federal war powers legislation as exempt from judicial review, an attitude that permitted numerous abuses from Prohibition to press censorship. Though the First World War officially ended in 1918, the Senate's rejection of the Versailles Treaty kept the United States in a legal state of war until late 1921. Exploring the interplay between political and social events and the evolution of legal theory Christopher May tells how during this challenging three-year period, the government invoked the war powers to pursue ends otherwise beyond its reach: with the backing of Congress and seemingly free from judicial scrutiny, the Wilson administration took over the country's rail and communications systems, outlawed profiteering, prosecuted strikers, suppressed radicals' and censored the leftist press. None of these measures bore any true relation to the war, says the author, who then describes the course through which the Supreme Court, confronted by this pattern of abuse, finally abandoned its long-standing refusal to review the constitutionality of war powers legislation. In the Name of War explores the roles played by Woodrow Wilson, Joseph Tumulty, Albert Burleson, and A. Mitchell Palmer--men whose personal ambitions frequently shaped official policy in the late Progressive Era. After analyzing the Court's more recent record, including the internment of Japanese-Americans in World War II, May draws some practical conclusions about the use of judicial intervention in time of crisis that are sure to attract the attention of lawyers, legal scholars, historians, and students of the Constitution.
Issues in running smoking cessation groups with forensic psychiatric inpatients: results of a pilot study and lessons learnt

Although smoking is a major health problem among forensic psychiatric inpatient populations, a multitude of factors (motivational, environmental, procedural and psychiatric) militate against effective treatment. Despite this, few studies have reported on the use of population‐appropriate treatment approaches. This pilot study reports the results of group and individual treatments involving combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and cognitive behavioural treatment. The importance of selecting patients with some skills in emotional regulation is highlighted, along with ways of reducing institutional obstacles to change and maximising environmental support for quit attempts.
Time of Oviposition of Shell-Less Eggs

Abstract Shell-less or soft-shelled eggs, which are covered with little or no shell substance, are quite frequently produced by domestic fowls (Hewitt, 1939). Jaap and Muir (1968) reported that 82 to 90 percent of broiler-type pullets, depending on the strain, laid some defective eggs. Their results also showed that 3.7 to 7.0 percent of the total yolks were laid as either soft shelled or shell-less eggs. Hewitt (1939) suggested that the cause of shell-less eggs is either a failure of the glands in the shell-secreting portion of the oviduct, or violent peristalsis which hastens the egg through this region before a shell can be formed. Other causes suggested include the possibility of the bird being disturbed or some irritation in the oviduct (Romanoff and Romanoff, 1949). Results of Buckner et al. (1922) showed that calcium starvation is not necessarily a causative factor in the production of shell-less eggs, as was once…
Human cancerous and healthy cell cytotoxicity studies of a chiral μ-dicarbene–digold(I) metallamacrocycle

A novel eighteen membered chiral macrocyclic dicarbene–digold complex [(μ-diNHC)AuI]2[OTF]2(8-(+/−)) was synthesized and characterized. Starting with enantiopure diNHC imidazolium salt ligand precursors enables access to the enantiopure versions of the digold(I) metallamacrocycles, 8-(+) and 8-(−). In vitro cytotoxicity studies indicate 8-(+/−) is moderately cytotoxic to both healthy and cancerous cell-lines, with no specificity. Confocal microscopy indicates the digold metallamacrocycle penetrates the cell membrane and causes cell death via apoptosis, as evidenced by DNA electrophoresis. The complex 8-(+/−) is characterized by a combination of NMR techniques (gDQCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC and ROESY), single crystal X-ray diffraction, and combustion analysis.
Programmable microwave photonic phase filters with large time-bandwidth product based on ultra-broadband optical frequency comb generation

Optical frequency comb generators, when combined with line-by-line pulse shaping, allow for the synthesis of programmable microwave photonic phase filters. The filter's achievable time-bandwidth product is related to the number of comb lines that can be individually manipulated. In this contribution, we present a flat ultra-broad optical frequency comb generator based on external non-linear broadening in a highly nonlinear fiber. We show that this optical source can be used to achieve a programmable microwave photonic filter with >80 complex-coefficient taps. We illustrate the potential of this filter by performing a microwave-chirped-pulse compression experiment. These results open new possibilities to realize signal processing tasks over nanosecond temporal apertures with broad bandwidth content.
Polymorphism, Principally of the Elements, up to 50,000 kg/ cm 2

A new technique is described by which pressures of 50,000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and more may be applied to solids, and the parameters of any transitions measured. A systematic examination has been made for polymorphism of many of the elements in the new pressure range. New modifications are found for Bi, Hg, Tl, Te, Ga, and ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$, and the transition parameters measured. A beginning has been made of a systematic study of polymorphism of compounds, and results obtained for KCl, KBr, and KI, which assume at about 20,000 kg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ presumably the CsCl type of structure.
Research Spotlight: Extraordinary uplift of Yellowstone caldera

[1] In Yellowstone National Park, located in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, the Yellowstone caldera, which extends about 40 kilometers by 60 kilometers, began in 2004 a period of accelerated uplift, with rates of uplift as high as 7 centimeters per year. From 2006 to 2009 the uplift rate slowed. Global Positioning System (GPS) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) ground deformation measurements described byChang et al. show that in the northern caldera, uplift decreased from 7 centimeters per year in 2006 to 5 in 2008 and 2 in 2009. In the southwestern portion of the caldera, uplift decreased from 4 centimeters per year in 2006 to 2 in 2008 and 0.5 in 2009, demonstrating a spatial pattern of ground motion decrease from southwest to northeast along the caldera. (Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL045451, 2010)
Bone Laminarity in the Avian Forelimb Skeleton and Its Relationship to Flight Mode: Testing Functional Interpretations

Wing bone histology in three species of birds was characterized in order to test hypotheses related to the relationship between skeletal microstructure and inferred wing loading during flight. Data on the degree of laminarity (the proportion of circular vascular canals) and the occurrence of secondary osteons were obtained from three species that utilize different primary flight modes: the Double-crested cormorant, a continuous flapper; the Brown pelican, a static soarer; and the Laysan albatross, a dynamic soarer. Laminarity indices were calculated for four quadrants for each of the three main wing elements. Ulnae and carpometacarpi were predicted to exhibit quadrant specific patterns of laminarity due to hypothesized differences in locally applied loads related to the attachment of flight feathers. However, few differences among the quadrants were identified. No significant differences were identified among the three elements, which is notable as different bones are likely experiencing different loading conditions. These results do not support the concept of bone functional adaptation in the primary structure of the wing elements. Significant differences in laminarity were found among the three primary flight modes. The dynamic soaring birds exhibited significantly lower laminarity than the flapping and static soaring birds. These results support the proposed hypothesis that laminarity is an adaptation for resisting torsional loading. This may be explained by overall wing shape: whereas dynamic soaring birds have long slender wings, flappers and static soaring birds have broader wings with a larger wing chord that would necessarily impart a higher torsional moment on the featherbearing bones. Anat Rec, 295:386–396, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advanced materials and coatings for energy conversion systems

Abstract Following an historical review of the development of high-temperature alloys for energy conversion systems including turbine engines, some of the current advances in single crystal materials. intermetallics, metal-matrix composites, and ceramic-matrix composites are discussed. Particular attention is directed at creep phenomena, fatigue properties, and oxidation resistance. Included within the discussions is the current status of carbon/carbon composites as potential high-temperature engineering materials and the development of coating systems for thermal barrier and oxidation protection. The specific influences of combustion gas compositions, i.e., oxidation potential, sulfur, halides, etc. are discussed. A current list of eligible advanced materials and coatings systems is presented and assessed. Finally, the critical failure mechanism and life-prediction parameters for some of the new classes of advanced structural materials are elaborated with the view to achieving affordability and extended life with a high degree of reliability. Examples are drawn from a variety of energy conversion systems.
Reply to Comment on “Long-Term Global Heating From Energy Use”

I was completely unaware of Budyko's 1969 article in a journal unfamiliar to most astrophysicists, nor was I privy to policy-maker concerns inside the Soviet Union more than 40 years ago. What I am sure of is that my article does not predict, as claimed by Budyko, that humankind's waste heat on Earth will equal that of the Sun within 150 years—far from it. Furthermore, my article addresses not merely waste heat; my argument is that every energy-using gadget dissipates all of its energy at some temperature, whether it is efficient or not.
Why shouldn't we use warfarin alone to treat acute venous thrombosis?

Heparins produce desired levels of anticoagulation within hours, whereas warfarin takes at least 4 days.
Laminar Viscous-Inviscid Interactions at Transonic Speeds

Some aspects of the laminar viscous-inviscid interaction at transonic speeds are discussed by examining data obtained on a 6% thick biconvex circular-arc airfoil and comparing the results with the predictions of Klineberg and Steger (1972). The results obtained from experiments are compared for Re = 140,000 and for Re = 40,000. It is clear that the theoretical results overestimate the effects of viscosity and consequently predict values for the pressure coefficient which lie below the experimental data over the range of Mach numbers given.
Generating complex three-dimensional stimuli (Greebles) for haptic expertise training

An apparatus is described that accurately measures response times and video records hand movements during haptic object recognition using complex three-dimensional (3-D) forms. The apparatus was used for training participants to become expert at perceptual judgments of 3-D objects (Greebles) using only their sense of touch. Inspiration came from previous visual experiments, and therefore training and testing protocols that were similar to the earlier visual procedures were used. Two sets of Greebles were created. One set (clay Greebles) was hand crafted from clay, and the other (plastic Greebles) was machine created using rapid prototyping technology. Differences between these object creation techniques and their impact on perceptual expertise training are discussed. The full set of these stimuli may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.
Effects of drug metabolism inhibitors on butylated hydroxytoluene-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice.

Abstract The administration of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) to mice results in lung cell damage followed by cellular proliferation which was quantitated by measuring the increase in thymidine incorporation into pulmonary DNA. Administration of SKF 525-A or piperonyl butoxide to mice treated with BHT prevented the increase in thymidine incorporation into pulmonary DNA. This effect was dose dependent, with complete protection from 400 mg/kg BHT achieved with 10 mg/kg SKF 525-A or 400 mg/kg piperonyl butoxide. SKF 525-A and piperonyl butoxide completely prevented the BHT-induced increase in pulmonary DNA synthesis even when given 1–2 hr after BHT and a partial protective effect was evident when they were given 6–12 hr after BHT. Pretreatment of mice with cobaltous chloride diminished the BHT-induced increase in thymidine incorporation into pulmonary DNA. Following the in vivo administration of [14C]BHT, radioactivity was covalently bound to lung, liver, and kidney macromolecules of both mice, which exhibited BHT-induced lung damage, and rats, which did not. The greatest amount of radioactivity was bound to lung tissue from mice. This binding was prevented by the administration of SKF 525-A and was a linear function of the BHT dose within a range of 50–600 mg/kg. Binding to other tissues from the mouse and all tissues examined in the rat was minimal and unaffected by SKF 525-A. These data suggest that a reactive metabolite of BHT rather than the parent compound produces lung damage in mice.
Vapor pressures of high-boilings complex hydrocarbons

Since vapor pressures of very high-boiling hydrocarbons are of increasing interest in energy-related processes, a new correlation has been established for estimating these vapor pressures over a wide range of temperature. The new SWAP correlation, based on Prigogine's theory for polysegmented molecules, is particularly useful for hydrocarbons (and petroleum cuts or coal tars) which deviate from normal-paraffin structure: branching, saturated and unsaturated rings. Extensive comparison with experimental data shows that whereas for normal paraffins SWAP gives results comparable to those obtained by previously-published correlations, SWAP gives significantly better results for large aromatic, naphthenic and branched hydrocarbons. To use SWAP, the only input data required are T10 (boiling point at 10 mm Hg) and approximate characterization of molecular structure.
An architecture for traffic incident detection

Road and traffic safety can be improved if the drivers have the ability to see further down the road and can be informed of relevant traffic events, including collisions and slow-downs. The recently proposed VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks) are expected to enable both vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communications. Virtually all the papers published in the literature assume that V2V communications will rely on a strong roadside infrastructure. Unfortunately, the roadside infrastructure, is very likely to be the target of theft, vandalism and other similar activities that will jeopardize their intended functionality. Worse yet, one can easily contemplate a scenario where the roadside infrastructure may be hacked and injected with malicious code, rendering it not only useless but, downright dangerous.However, all the VANET systems proposed thus far are afflicted with serious security and privacy problems. Indeed, the way current systems are set up, the driver of a car that participates in the traffic will not be able to preserve their privacy and may be subject to impersonation or Sybil attacks. The problem stems from the fact that V2V communication can be traced back to an individual car. Even if several pseudonyms are used, detecting the true identity of the driver and, therefore, invading their privacy appears to be unavoidable.In a sharp departure from the common wisdom we propose to look at vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communications from a different perspective. Instead of relying on the roadside infrastructure that is vulnerable to attacks, we propose to embed in the asphalt covering the surface of the roads sensor belts. Each belt consists of a collection of pressure sensors, optionally equipped with piezo-electric elements. The belts can detect and interact with passing cars.In this talk we discuss in detail NOTICE our architecture for traffic incident detection and show that it can be easily extended to cover many problems of interest in infotainment and peer-to-peer content delivery. One important application of NOTICE is with planned evaluations when optimal use must be made of available transportation resource.
Time-dependent Meissner fraction as a function of aging in an oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7- delta single crystal.

Meissner- and shielding-effect measurements were made on an oxygen-deficient single crystal of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ as a function of aging time at room temperature following a quench from 225 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. It is seen that the Meissner fraction systematically increases from 11.1% to 13.2% as ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ changes from 11.2 to 25.0 K. All aging was done within the helium exchange gas environment of the sample chamber. The results point to oxygen vacancy ordering rather than oxygen absorption as the mechanism for both the ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ and Meissner-fraction increase.
Microstructure, crystallization, and coercivity of rare earth-iron-boron amorphous alloy ribbons

Amorphous alloys of rare earth-iron-boron develop high coercivity when crystallized around 650 °C to 700 °C. These alloys are located in the iron-rich corner of the ternary system, and the alloys contain 10 to 15 at. pct rare earth (R). In the amorphous state, isomorphous substitution of different rare earth atoms occurs. The short-range Fe-Fe and R-Fe environments in amorphous ribbons are similar to those in Fe3B and R6Fe23 (within 6 A), respectively. Beyond 6 A, the R-Fe environment appears similar to R2Fe14B. On nonisothermal heating of these alloy ribbons, a stress-relieving process occurs around 460 °C. The crystallization of α-Fe and R2Fe14B occurs at around 520 °C and near 600 °C, respectively. The Fe3B and R6Fe23 phases crystallize next. Depending on the alloy composition, the Fe3B crystallizes between 600 °C and 650 °C, and R6Fe23 crystallizes between 650 °C and 680 °C. The presence of rare earth atoms, 10 to 15 at. pct, significantly raises the crystallization temperatures of a-Fe and Fe3B. The favorable short-range Fe-Fe and R-Fe environments may be responsible for the nucleation and growth (crystallization) of Fe3B and R6Fe23 in the ternary alloys. The high coercivity of the annealed ribbons containing 10 at. pct Tb, Dy, and Ho is related to the single magnetic domain nature of the small crystallized grains of Fe3B and R6Fe23. For the annealed alloy ribbons with 12 to 15 at. pct rare earth, the high coercivity is related to the ternary hard phase, R2Fe14B.
Distributive mixing in conveying elements of a ZSK-53 co-rotating twin screw extruder

A fluid dynamics analysis package (FIDAP), using the finite element method, was implemented to simulate the 3-D isothermal flow patterns in the conveying element of a ZSK-53 co-rotating twin screw extruder. The fluid was described by a power-law model. The dynamics of distributive mixing was studied numerically by tracking the motion of particles in the mixer. The extent of distributive mixing was characterized in terms of length and area stretch as well as strain distributions. The length stretch reflects the overall capability of the mixing device to spread minor component particles away from their neighbors originally present in the same cluster. The area stretch reflects the evolution of intermaterial area when mixing two fluids with a passive interface. We observed an oscillatory behavior for the average intermaterial area stretch, which was explained in terms of a stretching and folding mechanism. Folding occurs during material takeover from one screw to the other. Operating at higher rotational speeds enhances distributive mixing efficiency.
GABAA Receptor α1 Subunit Mutation A322D Associated with Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Reduces the Expression and Alters the Composition of Wild Type GABAA Receptors

A GABAA receptor (GABAAR) α1 subunit mutation, A322D (AD), causes an autosomal dominant form of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (ADJME). Previous studies demonstrated that the mutation caused α1(AD) subunit misfolding and rapid degradation, reducing its total and surface expression substantially. Here, we determined the effects of the residual α1(AD) subunit expression on wild type GABAAR expression to determine whether the AD mutation conferred a dominant negative effect. We found that although the α1(AD) subunit did not substitute for wild type α1 subunits on the cell surface, it reduced the surface expression of α1β2γ2 and α3β2γ2 receptors by associating with the wild type subunits within the endoplasmic reticulum and preventing them from trafficking to the cell surface. The α1(AD) subunit reduced surface expression of α3β2γ2 receptors by a greater amount than α1β2γ2 receptors, thus altering cell surface GABAAR composition. When transfected into cultured cortical neurons, the α1(AD) subunit altered the time course of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current kinetics and reduced miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current amplitudes. These findings demonstrated that, in addition to causing a heterozygous loss of function of α1(AD) subunits, this epilepsy mutation also elicited a modest dominant negative effect that likely shapes the epilepsy phenotype.
Laser fluorimetry for capillary column liquid chromatography: high-sensitivity detection of derivatized biological compounds

Abstract A high-sensitivity, low-dead-volume laser-induced fluorescence detector has been designed for use in capillary column liquid chromatography. This detector exhibits femtogram detection limits and linear dynamic range spanning five orders of magnitude. Derivatization schemes were utilized to add a fluorescent moiety to biologically important compounds such that their excitation maxima corresponded well with the output wavelength of the laser. Sample chromatograms are presented for picogram amounts of standard bile acid and steroid hormone derivatives. In addition, a high-efficiency separation of picogram amounts of the solvolyzable steroid hormones from human serum is illustrated.
Enforcement of property rights and the provision of good public attributes

Abstract The extant economic literature on intellectual property fails to adequately consider the effects of changes in copying costs. Some works have examined the valuation effects of copying while others only consider copying effects. The analysis presented here integrates the copying effects and valuation effects into a single framework. This approach leads to richer predictions, suggests that earlier statements about changes in social welfare from increased copying costs may be misleading, and reveals appropriate methods for empirical research. Evidence from academic journals supports the position that this general approach is needed to understand the effects of changing copying costs.
Sensitized photo-oxidation of bovine α-crystallin: change in microenvironments of thiol groups

Abstract Methylene blue- or riboflavin-sensitized photo-oxidation of α-crystallin caused a major change in the environment of thiol groups of the protein which could not be significantly prevented by inhibitors specific for active species of oxygen, 1 O 2 , • OH, O 2 • , and H2O2. In contrast, the sensitizer N-formylkynurenine had no such effect. Sensitizer-induced change in the microenvironments of thiol groups was attributed to a conformational alteration, probably an unfolding of the protein.
The Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Violent Victimization

Research has identified numerous negative consequences of childhood maltreatment, including poor academic performance, psychological distress, and delinquency. To date, studies examining childhood maltreatment and subsequent victimization have largely focused on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner abuse in adulthood. It is unclear, however, if maltreatment during childhood is related to subsequent violent victimization during adolescence. Theories of victimization, in combination with the existing literature on the causes and consequences of childhood maltreatment, suggest that these experiences would be correlated. This study used longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents to examine whether childhood maltreatment is empirically related to subsequent adolescent violent victimization, and if so, whether this relationship can be explained by existing victimization theories. Findings indicate that a significant relationship exists between childh...
Educational Policy and the Law

This comprehensive casebook presents thorough coverage of a complex and dynamic subject - educational law and policy in the elementary and secondary school setting. With an emphasis on the interplay between law and policy, legal decisions, and educational practice, the book's interdisciplinary approach provides a wide range of perspectives on the most pressing issues in the field. Cases, legislation, and articles, all of which are accompanied by notes and discussion questions, clarify the issues and bring them to life. The book draws upon a range of social science sources as well as conventional legal materials to describe and analyze how policy problems become legal matters. The authors also help students make sense of legal decisions by canvassing alternative solutions and specifying the effects of legally mandated change. The book can be covered in its entirety in a one-semester course, meeting three hours each week; particular chapters or sets of chapters have sufficient depth and detail for more focused courses. The 5th edition maintains the structure and approach of previous editions while also integrating important content updates. The document posted here includes the transition guide describing the most significant changes between the 4th edition and the 5th, a detailed table of contents, the preface, and the table of cases. For a complimentary review copy of the text, please call 800-423-0563 or e-mail higheredcs@cengage.com.
Semantic blogging and decentralized knowledge management

Tapping into the structured metadata in snippets of information gives communities of interest effective access to their collective knowledge.
Performance modeling of vote-based object recognition

The focus of this paper is predicting the bounds on performance of a vote-based object recognition system, when the test data features are distorted by uncertainty in both feature locations and magnitudes, by occlusion and by clutter. An improved method is presented to calculate lower and upper bound predictions of the probability that objects with various levels of distorted features will be recognized correctly. The prediction method takes model similarity into account, so that when models of objects are more similar to each other, then the probability of correct recognition is lower. The effectiveness of the prediction method is validated in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) application using MSTAR public SAR data, which are obtained under different depression angles, object configurations and object articulations. Experiments show the performance improvement that can obtained by considering the feature magnitudes, compared to a previous performance prediction method that only considered the locations of features. In addition, the predicted performance is compared with actual performance of a vote-based SAR recognition system using the same SAR scatterer location and magnitude features.