cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mixed phenotype (T/B/myeloid) extramedullary blast crisis as an initial presentation of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Abstract Background Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome generated by the reciprocal translocation t(9,22)(q34;q11). The natural progression of the disease follows a biphasic or triphasic course. Most cases of CML are diagnosed in the chronic phase. Extramedullary blast crisis rarely occurs during the course of CML, and is extremely rare as the initial presentation of CML. Case presentation Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old female with enlarged neck lymph nodes and fatigue. She was diagnosed with B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma with possible mixed phenotype (B/myeloid) by right neck lymph node biopsy at an outside hospital. However, review of her peripheral blood smear and her bone marrow aspirate and biopsy showed features consistent with CML, which was confirmed by PCR and karyotyping. An ultrasound-guided right cervical lymph node core biopsy showed a diffuse infiltrate of blasts, near totally replacing the normal lymph node tissue, admixed with some hematopoietic cells including megakaryocytes, erythroid precursors and maturing myeloid cells. By flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, the blasts expressed CD2, cytoplasmic CD3, CD5, CD7, CD56, TdT, CD10 (weak, subset), CD19 (subset), CD79a, PAX-5 (subset), CD34, CD38, CD117 (subset), HLA-DR (subset), CD11b, CD13 (subset), CD33 (subset), and weak cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase, without co-expression of surface CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD22, CD14, CD15, CD16 and CD64, consistent with blasts with mixed phenotype (T/B/myeloid). A diagnosis of extramedullary blast crisis of CML was made. Chromosomal analysis performed on the lymph node biopsy tissue revealed multiple numerical and structural abnormalities including the Ph chromosome (46–49,XX,add(1)(p34),add(3)(p25),add(5)(q13),-6,t(9;22)(q34;q11.2),+10,-15,add(17)(p11.2),+19, +der(22)t(9;22),+mar[cp8]). After completion of one cycle of combined chemotherapy plus dasatinib treatment, she was transferred to City of Hope National Cancer Institute for bone marrow transplantation. Discussion and conclusion Diagnosis of extramedullary blast crisis should be suspected in patients with leukocytosis and extramedullary blast proliferation. In this case study, we diagnosed extramedullary blast crisis accompanied by chronic phase of CML in the bone marrow. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of extramedullary blast crisis as the initial presentation of CML with T/B/myeloid mixed phenotype. Other unusual features associated with this case are also discussed.
Author Correction: Prevention of CAUTIs, CLABSIs, and VAPs in Children

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in Tables 3, 4 and 5 captions.
Reasoning within quantitative frames of reference: The case of Lydia

Abstract Quantitative reasoning is important in the development of K–16 mathematical ideas such as function and rate of change. Coordinate systems are used to coordinate sets of quantities by establishing frames of reference and constructing representational spaces in which sets of quantities are joined. Despite the critical role of coordinate systems in mathematics, much is left to understand about how students construct and reason within frames of reference and associated coordinate systems. In this report, we draw from a teaching experiment to discuss how an undergraduate student, Lydia, constructed and reasoned within frames of reference when graphing in non-canonical coordinate systems. We pay specific attention to distinctions between figurative and operative aspects of thought in her committing to reference points and directionality of measure comparison within frames of reference. In this regard, we present shifts in Lydia’s reasoning during the teaching experiment and consider implications and future research directions.
Scratchable devices: user-friendly programming for household appliances

Although household devices and home appliances function more and more as network-connected computers, they don't provide programming interfaces for the average user. We first identify the programming primitives and control structures necessary for the universal programming of devices. We then propose a mapping between the features necessary for the programming of devices and the existing functionality of Scratch, an educational programming language we use as a basic interface between the devices and the users. Using this modified version of the Scratch language, we demonstrate usage cases in which novice programmers can program appliances, increasing their functionality and ability to be customized. We also show how standardizing this programming paradigm can facilitate knowledge transfer to new devices. We conclude by discussing our experiences prototyping programmable appliances.
An Exploration of the Cybersecurity Workforce Shortage

There is a colossal cyber security workforce shortage. Global estimates state there are over 1 million unfilled cyber security jobs. As everyone becomes increasingly hyper-connected and cybercrime ...
Playing with identity: gender, performance and feminine agency in cosplay

ABSTRACTWomen, as producers and consumers, want both to recognize themselves and be seen in fantasy and science fiction genres. When consuming these entertainments, female fans seek and respond to characters that reflect their experience of self and allow for their desire to tell their own, original stories, regardless of assigned, or assumed gender. Women’s assumption of agency in their embrace of characters across the gendered spectrum is particularly visible in the world of cosplay, where women participate in trans-media ‘produsage’ constructing and performing either faithful representations of canonical media characters, or creating new versions of those same figures. Cosplay communities allow for and embrace both crossplay and gender-bent cosplay, practices which allow women the agency to open new doors in representation of gendered identity. This study will examine aspirational fantasy-character identity construction from the perspective of female cosplayers. With a grounding in essential elements o...
Miniature piezoresistive transducers for transient soft-body contact-stress problems: Miniature sensors fabricated from piezoresistive elastomers permit static or slow-dynamic contact-stress measurements between two irregular, highly compliant surfaces

Assessment of contact-stress distributions between irregular bodies of high compliance has often proven difficult because of the lack of suitable sensing elements. Miniature transducers using piezoresistive elastomers appear to provide a means for making such measurements. A protocol for fabrication of the transducers is presented. Bench tests of the load/response characteristics reveal that the devices are capable of measuring static contact stresses up to at least 5.0 MN/m2, but that the resistance changes are a nonlinear function of both load magnitude and current throughput. The dynamic range depends strongly upon mechanical preconditioning. For 104 preloading cycles, the transducers can reproduce loading signals at frequencies up to at least 15 Hz. The transducers exhibit high output (>90-percent resistance changes over the range of load sensitivity) but present some difficult problems in the area of quality control.
Los dos Maximilianos en Noticias del Imperio, de Fernando del Paso

En el presente articulo se analiza el desdoblamiento de la figura del emperador Maximiliano en sus formas historica e imaginaria en Noticias del Imperio de Fernando del Paso. Se aproxima al tema mirando al cuerpo del protagonista del Segundo Imperio Mexicano segun las teorias de Mijail Bajtin sobre el realismo grotesco. Leyendo el cuerpo del Maximiliano historico como un cuerpo sistematicamente degradado (“grotesqueado”) a lo largo de la novela, este articulo muestra como, conforme con el concepto bajtiniano, Del Paso lo dota de una creatividad en potencia que permite a Carlota reconstruirlo, como era y como podia haber sido, en su imaginacion. Mediante este analisis se explora una figura que tiende a ser eclipsada en la critica, a la vez que se replantean y reexaminan lecturas establecidas desde una nueva optica.
Risk Classification as an Incentive to Taxpayers’ Compliance

Managing and improving tax compliance is a main challenge for tax administrations. They seek compliance through monitoring, auditing and punishing penalties. This paper proposes a model based on trustworthy, transparency and incentives. The proposal is a classification of tax liability risk of companies and incentives to consistent compliance behavior. These incentives include simplified monitoring and auditing procedures, and self-regularization options. It can improve companies’ reputation, credit access, transparency and align interest with the taxpayers. The theoretical foundations are tax segmentation and compliance models, interorganizational trust and local productive clusters. The article presents the main challenges and opportunities for further research.
Can Planned CD34+ Stem Cell Boost Prevent Poor Graft Function after Peripheral Blood Haploidentical Hematopoietic Transplantation?

Introduction Traditional outcome measurements for hematopoietic recovery after Haploidentical HCT (haplo-HCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) may not capture a subset of patients who meet engraftment milestones, and have full donor chimerism, but subsequently suffer poor graft function (PGF) resulting in prolonged cytopenias and requiring transfusion support. This is termed secondary PGF, occurs in 5-26% of patients, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CD34+ selected donor cell infusions have been employed in this setting without causing graft versus host disease (GVHD). Objectives We hypothesized that planned CD34+ stem cell boost (SCB) after PTCy could be used to prevent PGF after haplo-HCT. Methods Full donor chimerism was defined as ≥ 95% donor chimerism from bone marrow on day +30. Poor graft function was defined as transfusion dependence with ≥ two cytopenic lines (ANC Results Between February 1, 2018 and August 30, 2018, nine patients underwent planned SCB after haplo-HCT. All patients received GVHD prophylaxis with PtCY, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate per institutional guidelines. The comparison cohort consisted of all patients who have undergone haplo-HCT at our institution between July 7th, 2009 and October 8th, 2018. All nine SCB patients had neutrophil engraftment (NE) with a median time of 16 days (13 – 25) compared with 17 days (12 – 78) in the comparison cohort (p = 0.40). Six of eight evaluable SCB patients had platelet engraftment (PE) with a median time of 22.5 days (12 – 55) compared with 26 days (9 – 134) in the comparison cohort (p = 0.675). One patient was censored due to death prior to PE on day +19. None of the 8 surviving patients developed secondary PGF. Two patients in the planned SCB group developed grade III acute GVHD involving the GI tract. The remaining seven had no GVHD. Conclusion These patients were selected on the basis of being high risk for graft failure or poor graft function. Two patients had active disease at the time of transplant and five of the nine patients were undergoing their second HCT. Time to NE and PE in the SCB group were 1 and 3.5 days faster than in the comparison group. This equivalency is notable given that the SCB patients were specifically selected for being high risk or graft failure. None of the SCB patients had secondary graft failure, compared with published rates between 5.6% and 26%. This approach appears to be safe with acceptable incidence of severe acute GVHD.
Exploring the promise of broadband fisheries echosounders for species discrimination with quantitative assessment of data processing effects.

It remains an open question how well the increased bandwidth afforded by broadband echosounders can improve species discrimination in fisheries acoustics. Here, an objective statistical approach was used to determine if there is information available in dual channel broadband data (45–170 kHz) to allow discrimination between in situ echoes obtained from monospecific aggregations of three species (hake, Merluccius productus: anchovy, Engraulis mordax; and krill, Euphausiia pacifica) using a remotely operated vehicle. These data were used to explore the effects of processing choices on the ability to statistically classify the broadband spectra to species. This ability was affected by processing choices including the Fourier transform analysis window size, available bandwidth, and the method and scale of data averaging. The approach to normalizing the spectra and the position of individual targets in the beam, however, had little effect. Broadband volume backscatter and single target spectra were both used to successfully classify acoustic data from these species with ∼6% greater success using volume backscatter data. Broadband data were effectively classified to species while simulated multi-frequency narrowband data were categorized at rates near chance, supporting the presumption that greater bandwidth increases the information available for the characterization and classification of biological targets.It remains an open question how well the increased bandwidth afforded by broadband echosounders can improve species discrimination in fisheries acoustics. Here, an objective statistical approach was used to determine if there is information available in dual channel broadband data (45–170 kHz) to allow discrimination between in situ echoes obtained from monospecific aggregations of three species (hake, Merluccius productus: anchovy, Engraulis mordax; and krill, Euphausiia pacifica) using a remotely operated vehicle. These data were used to explore the effects of processing choices on the ability to statistically classify the broadband spectra to species. This ability was affected by processing choices including the Fourier transform analysis window size, available bandwidth, and the method and scale of data averaging. The approach to normalizing the spectra and the position of individual targets in the beam, however, had little effect. Broadband volume backscatter and single target spectra were both used ...
Mediating Design Claims: The Social Media and Housing Disaster of the 2017 Halabja Earthquake

AbstractIn disasters, social media offers a platform for sharing vital information between affected communities, responders, journalists, designers, planners, and policy makers. In some cases, howe...
Ispansi: evocaciones (re)imaginadas de una memoria histórica exiliada

En los primeros tres lustros del siglo XXI, se ha revitalizado la difusion de obras literarias y cinematograficas dedicadas a escudrinar el periodo franquista y su entorno para reacomodar, armonizar y/o integrar perspectivas multilaterales. Desde presupuestos esteticos, proponen encauzar una reconciliacion recordatoria pluralista y comprensiva. Cuestion fundamental en este reenfoque interpretativo es el exilio republicano y sus diversas vicisitudes en el conflicto mundial. A traves de una lectura multifacetica del largometraje de Carlos Iglesias, Ispansi, este articulo examina la relacion entre representacion historica, discurso filmico y memoria individual y colectiva. Pone acento, sobre todo, en el engranaje y mecanismos empleados en la obra para ofrecer un discurso historico alternativo, mas acorde con el panorama cultural espanol vigente
Accurate Modeling and Simulation of Distribution Network Engineering Application

The simulation model for study on grounding faults of distribution network is often too simple, such as the problems of the incomplete access devices, the oversimplified network structure and the incorrect components parameters, which may lead to incorrect understanding of electrical characteristics of grounding fault. Aiming at single-phase grounding fault analysis, on basis of extensive investigation of typical network structure and access equipment, equipment selection and parameter calculation are carried out according to the design standard and specification. Then the system simulation model of system reflecting the engineering practice is established by adopting the accurate element and the network model. What’s more, the influence of access equipment on grounding fault is defined.
Trends in Place of Death for Individuals With Deaths Attributed to Advanced Chronic or End-Stage Kidney Disease in the United States

Abstract Context An important aspect of end-of-life care, place of death is understudied in advanced chronic (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Objective We sought to examine trends and factors associated with where advanced CKD/ESKD patients die. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using mortality data from 2003 to 2017 for deaths attributed primarily to advanced CKD/ESKD in the United States. Results Between 2003 and 2017, 222,247 deaths were attributed to advanced CKD/ESKD. From 2003 to 2017, deaths occurring in hospitals declined from 56.0% (n = 5356) to 35.6% (n = 7764), whereas increases occurred in deaths at home (13.5% [n = 1292] to 24.3% [n = 5306]), nursing facilities (18.6% [n = 1776] to 19.3% [n = 4221]), and hospice facilities (0.3% [n = 29] to 13.4% [n = 2917]). Nonwhite race was associated with increased odds of hospital death (Black [OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.55, 1.62]; Native American [OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.32, 1.63]; Asian [OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.32, 1.55] and reduced odds of nursing facility (Black [OR = 0.622; 95% CI = 0.600, 0.645]; Native American [OR = 0.638; 95% CI = 0.572, 0.712]; Asian [OR = 0.574; 95% CI = 0.533, 0.619], or hospice facility death (Black [OR = 0.843; 95% CI = 0.773, 0.918]; Native American [OR = 0.380; 95% CI = 0.289, 0.500]; Asian [OR = 0.609; 95% CI = 0.502, 0.739]). Older age was associated with reduced odds of hospital death (≥85 [OR = 0.334; 95% CI = 0.312, 0.358]) and increased odds of home (≥85 [OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.43, 1.68]), nursing facility (≥85 [OR = 3.09; 95% CI = 2.76, 3.45]) or hospice facility death (≥85 [OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.49, 1.72]). Conclusions Hospitals remain the most common place of death from advanced CKD/ESKD; however, the proportion of home, nursing facility, and hospice facility deaths have increased.
Two Case Reports: Utilizing Autopsy Review in Bereavement to Clarify Misconceptions and Help Families Find Meaning

Abstract: After a child dies, the palliation of families often continues via bereavement programming offered by hospitals. However, few offer families the opportunity to posthumously review medical information including autopsy results. Consistent themes emerge during family-centered autopsy reviews including the clarification of medical misconceptions, easing of guilt carried by decision-makers, and the desire to share knowledge. Those who have participated in autopsy review as a part of structured bereavement programming report that discussing exam findings helps them maintain bonds with their child’s caregivers, aids in coping, …
Intergenerational Impacts of Maternal Stress on Early Childhood Atopy in Black Americans.

Objective Black children are disproportionately affected by atopic diseases (i.e., atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies), with health disparities present in early life. Studies in White samples suggest that maternal stress confers risk for offspring atopy, yet little is known about these relationships in Black populations. This study seeks to (a) examine the relationship between self-reported and physiological indicators of maternal stress and offspring atopy and (b) explore warm and responsive caregiving as a potential protective factor in Black Americans. Methods A sample of 179 Black mother-child dyads of varying socioeconomic status participated in a prospective longitudinal study. Mothers completed self-reports of childhood trauma, prenatal stress, postnatal stress, and physician diagnosis of offspring atopy; provided blood samples to assess physiological responses to chronic stress exposure; and participated in a behavioral task with their infant. Results Maternal self-reports of childhood trauma, prenatal stress, and postnatal stress were not associated with offspring diagnosis of atopy by 2-3 years of age. Mothers who produced a smaller inflammatory response during pregnancy were more likely to have an offspring with atopy by 2-3 years of age. Warm and responsive parenting demonstrated a protective effect; the positive association between maternal stress and offspring atopy was less apparent in cases of mother-child interactions characterized by high levels warm and responsive parenting. Conclusion Failure to replicate previous findings suggests that the maternal stress-offspring atopy relationship is complex. Future studies must examine the unique stressors in Black Americans, as well as caregiving as a potential protective factor.
Nonlinear measurements of kinetics and generalized dynamical modes. II. Application to a simulation of solvation dynamics in an ionic liquid.

Solvation dynamics in ionic liquids show features that are often associated with supercooled liquids, including “stretched” nonexponential relaxation. To better understand the mechanism behind the stretching, the nonlinear mode-correlation methods proposed in Paper I [S. R. Hodge and M. A. Berg, J. Chem. Phys. 155, 024122 (2021)] are applied to a simulation of a prototypical ionic liquid. A full Green’s function is recovered. In addition, specific tests for non-Gaussian dynamics are made. No deviations from Gaussian dynamics are found. This finding is incompatible with rate heterogeneity as a cause of the nonexponential relaxation and appears to be in conflict with an earlier multidimensional analysis of the same data. Although this conflict is not resolved here, this work does demonstrate the practicality of mode-correlation analysis in the face of finite datasets and calculations.
Adaptive mechanisms of plant specialized metabolism connecting chemistry to function.

As sessile organisms, plants evolved elaborate metabolic systems that produce a plethora of specialized metabolites as a means to survive challenging terrestrial environments. Decades of research have revealed the genetic and biochemical basis for a multitude of plant specialized metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, knowledge is still limited concerning the selective advantages provided by individual and collective specialized metabolites to the reproductive success of diverse host plants. Here we review the biological functions conferred by various classes of plant specialized metabolites in the context of the interaction of plants with their surrounding environment. To achieve optimal multifunctionality of diverse specialized metabolic processes, plants use various adaptive mechanisms at subcellular, cellular, tissue, organ and interspecies levels. Understanding these mechanisms and the evolutionary trajectories underlying their occurrence in nature will ultimately enable efficient bioengineering of desirable metabolic traits in chassis organisms. Decades of research have identified the biochemical basis of many plant specialized metabolic pathways. This Review highlights the biological context of these pathways and how recent advances have extended the new frontiers of phytochemistry.
Thermoregulatory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease

Homeotherms, such as humans with Parkinson’s disease, must maintain core body temperature in a narrow range in the face of fluctuating environmental surroundings and endogenous heat production. A complex and highly integrated collection of autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses are involved in the maintenance of core temperature. Dopaminergic innervation of the preoptic and anterior hypothalamus plays an important role in the central nervous system’s control of body temperature. Due to a combination of central dopamine deficiency and peripheral autonomic dysfunction, individuals with Parkinson’s disease may experience heat and/or cold intolerance and paroxysmal hyperhidrosis. Sudomotor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease can be documented with the sympathetic skin response and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex and thermoregulatory sweat tests.
The Low Frequency Oscillation in the Flow Over a NACA0012 Airfoil with an “Iced” Leading Edge

The unusually low frequency oscillation in the wake of an airfoil, studied in [1], is explored experimentally as well as computationally for a NACA0012 airfoil with a “glaze ice accretion” at the leading edge. Experimentally, flow oscillations are observed at low frequencies that correspond to a Strouhal number of about 0.02. This occurs in the angle of attack range of 8° to 9°, near the onset of static stall for this airfoil. With a Navier-Stokes computation, “limit-cycle” oscillations in the flow and in the aerodynamic forces are also observed at low Strouhal numbers. However, the occurrence of the oscillation is found to depend on the turbulence model in use as well as the Reynolds number.
New ferroelectric and piezoelectric polymers

Recent investigations have led to the discovery of a new class of ferroelectric polymers-the odd-numbered nylons. X-ray diffraction and infrared absorbance (Fourier-transform infrared) studies of nylon 11 and nylon 7 films with 3-D orientation (texture) provided an understanding of the polarization process in these polymers. More importantly, these studies led to an electroprocessing technique which allowed for the stabilization of the polarization and, therefore, the piezoelectric response of these odd-numbered nylons to their crystallizatine melting points, which for nylon 5 is approximately 250 degrees C. >
Selective dorsal rhizotomy

Publisher Summary This chapter presents cerebral palsy that primarily manifests as a disruption of motor function characterized by increased limb rigidity, primarily in the lower extremities. It reviews that in an effort to provide relief from spasticity while preserving at least partial sensory function, technique of partial rhizotomy was introduced at each segmental level sectioning four of every five rootlets at the level of the dorsal root entry zone. This technique, while partial, was nonselective except that the rootlets bearing the largest radicular arteries were preserved in an effort to prevent conus ischemia. The chapter explores that intraoperative testing of individual rootlets is an appropriate and integral part of the procedure of selective dorsal rhizotomy. Successful application of this technique demands a high degree of cooperation between the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and neurophysiologist and making clinical decisions based on the overall context of an individual's pathophysiology, rather than relying on rigidly fixed criteria. Such a flexible approach will help achieve the goal of reducing the spasticity without causing significant sensory or motor deficits.
Solute distribution in the Ogallala Aquifer, Texas: lithium, fluoride, nitrate, chloride and bromide

Spatial patterns of lithium, fluoride, nitrate, chloride and bromide in the Ogallala Aquifer of northwestern Texas were mapped and evaluated. Solute concentrations and depths were compiled for 705 water wells sampled between 2008 and 2014. Lithium concentrations were high relative to typical groundwater; median and maximum concentrations were 66.8 and 2,790 ug/L, respectively. Almost half of the fluoride observations equaled or exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 2 mg/L. Many nitrate observations exceeded the MCL of 44.3 mg/L, and several chloride observations exceeded the secondary MCL of 250 mg/L, with a maximum concentration nearly ten times that level. Most bromide observations were less than 0.15 mg/L; however, some observations exceeded 10 mg/L. Several wells had high chloride/bromide ratios and high chloride concentrations. Generally, concentrations of all solutes were higher in the southern part of the aquifer, where wells are relatively shallow. Solute concentrations documented in this study are likely influenced by water–rock interaction within the aquifer, as well as mixing with groundwater in underlying bedrock containing evaporite minerals. Agricultural practices and possibly oilfield activity also affect water quality in the Ogallala Aquifer.
Betting the house on consciousness.

Studying consciousness is difficult because asking subjects to report their awareness of a stimulus perturbs that awareness. A new paper shows that asking subjects to wager on whether their response is correct can solve this problem.
Using a Comprehensive Case-Based Examination to Evaluate and Integrate Student Learning in Social Work Administration.

While the case method has been used in teaching social work practice for many years, its use as an evaluation tool is less common. This analysis describes the use of the case method in a comprehensive examination for MSW students in an Administration concentration. After a brief review of the issues related to student outcome assessment and the curriculum of the Administration concentration, a case debriefing framework is described, along with examples of student responses. The analysis concludes with a discussion of issues and implications for future research.
Aerodynamic aspects of disk files

Airflows between centrally clamped, rotating, rigid disks are investigated with respect to the type of flow pattern, the parameters that influence nonuniform flow, and the effects of various flow patterns on disk stability. The experimental method uses a waterflow modeling technique for the airflow. The observed flow patterns are highly unsteady. The configuration and position of the shroud and slider arm are found to be the major parameters that influence flow characteristics. A reduction of disk flutter by a factor of 12 can be achieved when the unsteady flow pattern is changed to a steady flow pattern.
Cognitive Dissonance and Post‐Decision Attitude Change in Six Presidential Elections

Data from the National Election Studies were examined in an effort to isolate cognitive dissonance of two kinds: dissonance arising from a behavioral commitment in the form of voting, and dissonance arising from inconsistencies associated with having supported the losing candidate. Feeling thermometer ratings of the two principal presidential candidates obtained before and immediately after six elections (1972, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, and 1996) were analyzed. Regression estimates supported a dissonance reduction explanation of observed attitude changes. Voters, as compared to nonvoters, tended to increase the evaluative distance between candidates after an election, whereas supporters of the losing candidate were more likely than supporters of the winning candidate to decrease such evaluative distances. An additional examination of voters yielded results consistent with dissonance theory: After the election, respondents reporting favorable evaluations of both candidates (a difficult choice) tended to spread comparative candidate evaluations compared to respondents who were favorable toward only one candidate (an easy choice). The results both support and cast doubt on prior studies.
Biosynthesis of phosphoprotein by rat incisor odontoblasts in in-vitro culture.

Abstract A tissue culture system consisting of odontoblasts still attached to predentine and dentine was developed to study dentinogenesis. After incubating the odontoblasts with both [3H]-serine and [33P]-phosphate for 24 h, the protein components were extracted with 0.5 M EDTA. A major component synthesized by the odontoblasts was identified as the phosphoprotein by double labelling with [3H]-serine and [33P]-phosphate and by co-elution in two chromatographic systems with unlabelled, carrier phosphoprotein.
Iron deficiency in black females during late adolescence

The role of serum ferritin (SF) in detecting early iron deficiency and the associated risk factors in black adolescent females are evaluated. SF less than or equal to 12 ng/mL indicated low iron stores and a Hb less than or equal to 11.3 g/dL (5% ile for black females-Hanes Survey) anemia. Of the 103 females (means = 16.8 yr) screened in a Family Planning Clinic (FPC), 20.4% (21/103) had a low SF. Of these 21, 72% had a Hb greater than 11.3 g/dL. Chronologic age, gynecologic age, history of pregnancy, Tanner stage IV and V, and birth control method did not appear to be risk factors. However, longer rather than shorter use of oral contraceptives appeared to protect against iron deficiency. This study suggests that routine screening of iron status by hemoglobin and serum ferritin is warranted during annual FPC visits.
TEM STUDY OF PROGRESSIVE ALTERATION OF IGNEOUS BIOTITE TO KAOLINITE THROUGHOUT A WEATHERED SOIL PROFILE

Abstract TEM characterization of progressive alteration of igneous biotite to kaolinite throughout a weathered soil profile was carried out to study the mechanisms of the reaction from biotite to kaolinite. A biotite-like phase with d (001) ≅ 10.5 A but with a higher Al/Si ratio and lower Fe, Mg, and K contents forms as a first, intermediate alteration product of igneous biotite. This phase is referred to as altered biotite. Two different alteration mechanisms are responsible for the altered biotite-kaolinite reaction: (1) reaction of one layer of altered biotite to form two layers of kaolinite and (2) transition of one layer of altered biotite to one layer of halloysite, which subsequently reacted to form one layer of kaolinite. Metastable intermediate altered biotite and halloysite form at low temperatures, where reactions are sluggish, as consistent with the Ostwald step rule, and in direct contrast to equivalent reactions at high temperatures.
Micromachined polysilicon resonating xylophone bar magnetometer

Abstract The basic device principles, including response sensitivity and transduction schemes, are outlined for a resonating xylophone bar magnetometer. Advanced design emphasis is on a polysilicon version with dimensions of order microns fabricated by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) processing techniques. All polysilicon devices tested to date have performed extremely well in static magnetic fields and exhibit mechanical quality factors, Q, of up to 30,000 at reduced pressures. The resonance frequencies of the fundamental mode of vibration of these polysilicon xylophone bars have been found to be sensitive functions of the torsional stiffness of the support arms, in accord with an analytical model based on Bernoulli–Euler theory. The output response of the polysilicon xylophone magnetometer as a function of impressed magnetic flux density has been shown to be linear up to 150 μT ; however, sensitivity is currently limited by the significant resistivity of the polysilicon xylophone bar. Various strategies are being implemented to bring the magnetometer sensitivity into the applications-dominated nT regime.
The rise of exposure assessment among the risk sciences: an evaluation through case studies.

(1999). THE RISE OF EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AMONG THE RISK SCIENCES: An Evaluation Through Case Studies. Inhalation Toxicology: Vol. 11, No. 6-7, pp. 611-622.
Cyclin D1-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with IGH-CCND1 translocation and BCL6 rearrangement: a report of two cases.

Objectives: To demonstrate and confirm the existence of cyclin D1–positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with IGH-CCND1 rearrangement and discuss the rationale of differentiating this entity from blastoid and pleomorphic variants of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Methods: Two cyclin D1–positive lymphomas with morphologic features of DLBCL and IGH-CCND1 translocations were characterized with respect to clinical features, as well as morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular findings. Results: The large tumor cells were CD20+, CD5−, CD10−, BCL6+, MUM1+, and cyclin D1+ in both cases. SOX11 was negative. Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA in situ hybridization demonstrated diffuse positivity in case 1. BCL6 and IGH-CCND1 rearrangements were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization in both cases. Specifically, the diagnosis of a relapsed DLBCL with acquisition of IGH-CCND1 was rendered for case 1, molecularly confirmed by the detection of identical monoclonal IGH rearrangements between the initial diagnostic DLBCL and relapse lymphoma. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates convincingly that IGH-CCND1 rearrangement leading to cyclin D1 overexpression can occur in DLBCL and pose a potential diagnostic pitfall, requiring thorough knowledge of the clinicopathologic findings to allow accurate discrimination from a blastoid or pleomorphic MCL. The coexistence of IGH-CCND1 and IGH-BCL6 rearrangements suggest that BCL6 and cyclin D1 may cooperate in the pathogenesis of DLBCL.
Random walk statistics on fractal structures

We consider some statistical properties of simple random walks on fractal structures viewed as networks of sites and bonds: range, renewal theory, mean first passage time, etc. Asymptotic behaviors are shown to be controlled by the fractal (¯d) and spectral (¯d) dimensionalities of the considered structure. A simple decimation procedure giving the value of (¯d) is outlined and illustrated in the case of the Sierpinski gaskets. Recent results for the trapping problem, the self-avoiding walk, and the true-self-avoiding walk are briefly reviewed. New numerical results for diffusion on percolation clusters are also presented.
Mixed Convection about a Nonisothermal Cylinder and Sphere in a Porous Medium

The problems of mixed convection about a nonisothermai horizontal cytiner and sphere embedded in a porous medium are analyzed based on a curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system together with boundary-layer simplifications. Different transformations were performed for the horizontal cylinder and the sphere, and the resulting equations are identical for the two geometries. Approximate solutions for the problems are obtained based on the nonlocal similarity method. Numerical computations for the temperature distribution and heat flux were carried out up to the third level of truncation. The effects of buoyancy and wall temperature variations on heat transfer characteristics about a heated horizontal cylinder and sphere in a porous medium are examined.
Structure/property studies of MF-cured powder coatings

Abstract Thermoset powder coating films have been prepared from commercial hydroxy-functional polyester resins (PE) by crosslinking with toluene sulfonamide-modified melamine formaldehyde crosslinkers (TS-MF). Solvent resistance, hardness and impact resistance determinations have been made on films cured over a wide range of temperatures and with numerous variations in composition and characteristics of PE and TS-MF components. Cure behavior, as revealed by these ‘property profiles’, is discussed in terms of component structures and curing reactions. Selected films from property-profile studies have been characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Properties are compared for solvent-applied and powder-applied films prepared from the same compositions. Unexpected and potentially important new findings are reported on catalysis and pigment reinforcement. Crosslink densities from DMA and theory are compared.
Urban Proximity, Agricultural Potential and Rural Non-farm Employment: Evidence from Bangladesh

Summary This paper presents empirical evidence on the relative importance of farm and urban linkages for rural non-farm employment in Bangladesh. The results suggest that people are more likely to be employed in well-paid wage employment and self-employment in the non-farm sector if they are closer to urban centers. Those who are further away from such centers are even less likely to be in well-paying non-farm jobs if they are living in areas with greater agricultural potential. The empirical results highlight the need for improved connectivity of regions with higher agricultural potential to urban centers for non-farm development in Bangladesh.
Multitasking males and multiplicative females: dynamic signalling and receiver preferences in Cope's grey treefrog

The ‘multitasking hypothesis’ for complex signal function predicts performance trade-offs between signal components that negatively covary (e.g. due to energetic or mechanical constraints) and receiver preferences for more extreme values of the negatively covarying components that are difficult to produce simultaneously. We tested these two predictions in Cope's grey treefrogs, Hyla chrysoscelis . In a field study, we recorded and analysed 1000 advertisement calls from males calling in breeding choruses to test the prediction that two signal components important in female mating decisions (call rate and call duration) negatively covary under natural conditions. In a laboratory study, we conducted phonotaxis tests with female subjects to test the prediction that females prefer calls with higher overall ‘call efforts’ (the product of call rate × call duration). Consistent with predictions of the multitasking hypothesis, call rate and call duration were significantly negatively related and females preferred calls produced with higher call efforts, manifested through preferences for greater values of both call rate and call duration. We conducted an additional playback experiment to test the hypothesis that males increase their call effort in competitive situations to maximize their attractiveness to females. Compared to quiet conditions, male subjects increased their call duration and decreased their call rate, but did not alter call effort, in response to a simulated calling neighbour or broadcasts of chorus noise. Together our data have implications for understanding the function of multicomponent signals when signallers must balance performance trade-offs in mate attraction with dynamic signal modifications in other social contexts.
Synthesis of long-chain fatty acid enol esters isolated from an environmental DNA clone.

Long-chain fatty acid enol ester 1 is the major metabolite of a new family of small molecules isolated from the heterologous expression of environmentally derived DNA. A versatile synthesis of 1, in which an aromatic acetaldehyde is O-acylated with a long-chain acyl chloride allowed for the rapid construction of both the isolated product (1) and a number of structural analogues (including 8, 17, and 18).
Emerging concepts in celiac disease.

Purpose of reviewThere has been an explosion in knowledge about celiac disease (CD) in the last decade based on the availability of serologic screening tests and the elucidation of some of the important disease susceptibility genes. What has been discovered is that CD is among the most common inheri
Leveraging Institutional Capacity Through Research Based Evaluation: A Case Study

Abstract The case study presents information regarding a consultant project for an international university to restructure the institution's teacher preparation program. A unique approach to the findings, needs and recommendation of the project was the use of research and academic literature to support the consultant's recommendations for change. Facilitating structures, potential stakeholder teams and the development of an action plan with strategies, and strategic priorities that may be useful in applying the plan. Key recommendations included developing a clinical based teacher preparation program and developing an organizational model that had a teacher education component. Lessons learned from the case study included the understanding the paradoxes between listening to client needs but not to the extent of limiting chances of success, understanding and acknowledging context but not where it limits the effective use of best practices, and balancing personal experience with available research.
Phylogenetic frameworks: towards a firmer foundation for the comparative approach

The growing interest in using phylogenies to test evolutionary hypotheses has focused attention on the need for robust estimates of phylogenetic history. Whether specific branching structures are correct summaries of evolutionary history can be estimated only through the examination of congruence of many sets of characters. After consideration of practical and philosophical aspects of congruence, I conclude that taxonomic congruence (analysis of congruence of topologies produced from independent datasets) is preferable to character congruence (analysis of congruence between individual characters) for estimating accuracy of phylogenetic hypotheses. Existing methods for examining taxonomic congruence are discussed and the combinable components approach, when preceded by application of rigorous statistical manipulations (e.g. jackknifing or bootstrapping), found most appropriate. Implementation of the method of combinable components is described, and is demonstrated using published data for Menidia and Rana. The robust branching structure resulting from this analysis (a phylogenetic framework) contains those nodes (phylogenetic hypotheses) that are strongly supported by at least one dataset and are consistent with all others. This approach is the most appropriate/conservative for testing hypotheses about evolutionary history.
Surface charges and subsurface space-charge distribution in magnesium oxides containing dissolved traces of water

MgO crystals which contain dissolved traces of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O eventually acquire an excess oxygen content, $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{O}}_{1+\ensuremath{\delta}}$, because O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pairs, associated with cation vacancies, convert in part into molecular ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and peroxy anions, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$. While ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecules are lost from the crystal, the vacancy-bound ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ remain as spin-paired, self-trapped positive holes. Probably at this stage the MgO surface is negatively charged. Around 800 K the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ decay, releasing unbound positive holes, i.e., highly mobile ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states. They lead to an oxygen release from the crystal surface and a positive surface charge. With the assumption that the vacancy-bound holes are essentially immobile the space-charge distribution in the subsurface region and the associated electric field and potential were calculated for different temperatures and as a function of charge carrier concentration. The width of the space-charge region is of the order of 10-50 nm, decreasing with increasing concentration, while the field at the surface increases. At a concentration as small as 10-20 ppm the field at the surface is of the order of 3.8 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{7}$ V ${\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. At higher temperatures when cation vacancies are mobilized, the negatively charged bound holes will diffuse and drift toward the surface modifying the surface charge and subsurface space-charge layer. When all excess oxygen and excess cation vacancies are annealed out the MgO surface will probably again become negatively charged.
SHIFTING ARRANGEMENTS: INDO-TRINIDADIAN WOMEN, GLOBALIZATION, AND THE RESTRUCTURING OF FAMILY LIFE

This article focuses on the changing relationships between East-Indian daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law in a developing society: Trinidad, West Indies. Changes in how families are structured are seen as active responses to processes of globalization. While these changes have provided younger women with opportunities to resist older arrangements, their responses have in turn created new problems that remain unresolved. I argue that these families' experiences of change are linked to complex relations that include increased access to education, changes in the village economy, and global media penetration, all of which are part of broader processes of modernization and globalization. The study draws on ethnographic fieldwork as well as census data and economic, educational, and demographic changes since World War II.