cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The generation of temporal and melodic expectancies during musical listening.

When listening to a melody, we are often able to anticipate not onlywhat tonal intervals will occur next but alsowhen in time these will appear. The experiments reported here were carried out to investigate what types of structural relations support the generation of temporal expectancies in the context of a melody recognition task. The strategy was to present subjects with a set of folk tunes in which temporal accents (i.e., notes with a prolonged duration) always occurred in the first half of a melody, so that expectancies, if generated, could carry over to an isochronous sequence of notes in the latter half ofthe melody. The ability to detect deviant pitch changes in the final variation as a function of rhythmic context was then evaluated. Accuracy and reaction time data from Experiment 1 indicated that expectancy formation jointly depends on an invariant periodicity of temporal accentuation and the attentional highlighting ofcertain melodic relations (i.e., phrase ending points). In Experiment 2, once these joint expectancies were generated, the temporal dimension had a greater facilitating effectupon melody recognition than did the melodic one. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the perceptual processing of musical events.
Spectral resolution in a Rickart comgroup

Abstract A comgroup is a compressible group with the general comparability property. A comgroupwith the Rickart projection property is called a Rickart comgroup. We show that each element of a Rickart comgroup has a rational spectral resolution and a nonempty closed and bounded (real) spectrum. The rational spectral resolution and the spectrum are shown to have many of the properties of the spectral resolution and spectrum of a self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space. Examples of Rickart comgroups include the additive group of self-adjoint elements in a von Neumann algebra and the Mundici group of a Heyting MV algebra.
Fetal Thyroid Plays an Important Role in Acceleration of Fetal Mouse Lung Ultrastructural Maturation from Glucocorticoid Stimulation. † 1454

Fetal Thyroid Plays an Important Role in Acceleration of Fetal Mouse Lung Ultrastructural Maturation from Glucocorticoid Stimulation. † 1454
Comment on "Connection rules for envelope functions at semiconductor-heterostructure interfaces"

It is shown that the results of calculations using a scattering-matrix approach based on empirical pseudopotentials support the use of the usual envelope-function interface connection rules at GaAs/AlAs heterojunctions, contrary to the claims of the above-cited paper, provided one uses an energy-dependent effective mass.
Discipline and Pleasure: The pedagogical work of Disneyland

Abstract Disneyland is work disguised as play; school disguised as vacation. While Walt Disney’s curriculum deploys across all of its products, it literally engulfs the approximately 50 million ‘guests’ who visit the Disney Parks each year. Drawing on Sarah Ahmed’s phenomenological reading of orientation in Queer phenomenology, this article investigates the ways in which Disney’s didacticism is made material through practices and procedures designed to orient the park’s visitors, to ensure that those visitors always know where they are and who they are, as a means of educating ‘good’ citizens. The argument focuses not on Disneyland’s narrative curriculum but on its corporeal one: visitors are enticed to make affective investments, to construct or reconstruct their identities to comply with the Disney version of the ideal American worker and consumer, as the park attempts to reorient those who resist those roles.
Strategic Management of the Socially Responsible Firm: Integrating Management and Marketing Theory

Corporate social responsibility is conceptualized as a “product” offered to key publics of the firm. A model is proposed that integrates the content and process considerations of social responsibility using a “marketing” orientation. This approach is designed to increase the firm's relative competitive advantage and enhance the benefits of socially responsive behaviors.
Analysis of growth on 75 mm Si (100) wafers by molecular beam epitaxy using in vacuo scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract We have placed a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in vacuo with a commercial molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system for the study of interfaces during device growth. The STM was designed to accept 75 mm MBE wafers, thereby guaranteeing the STM results would be valid for device growths. We review the results of our investigations into the homoepitaxial growth of Si on Si, the heteroepitaxial growth of SiGe alloys and the doping of Si with Sb and B. All surfaces were produced by materials deposition rates at 0.1 nm s−1 and at growth temperatures between 350 and 800 °C. We report, for Si homoepitaxy, the transition in growth mode from step flow to 2-dimensional islanding as a function of temperature and we present new insights into the development of RHEED oscillations. Associated with the heteroepitaxial growth of SiGe alloys, we present the effect of Ge segregation and film strain on surface morphology. Doping of Si with Sb is shown to produce 3-dimensional islands and the doping of Si with B is shown to produce surface pits.
Rhetoric and the visual image: A resource unit

Instructional objectives, methods, and resources are suggested for using visual elements such as drawing, painting, architecture, and the visual environment in general as a focus for teaching theories of contemporary rhetoric. To illustrate the application of contemporary rhetorical theory to visual phenomena, the concepts of three theorists—I.A. Richards, Kenneth Burke, and Richard Weaver—are used to analyze three visual images—a painting by Joan Miro, a Burger King restaurant, and the ocean‐front strip at Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Comparative mechanical properties of various Kirschner wire configurations in transverse and oblique phalangeal fractures

A biomechanical study assessed the comparative mechanical properties of various wire configurations used in transverse and oblique phalangeal fractures. The configurations included crossed, oblique, and intramedullary wire techniques using 0.028-inch diameter (d) or 0.035-inch d Kirschner (K) wires. Six different configurations were tested in both the oblique fracture pattern and in the transverse fracture pattern. The mechanical properties were determined after either oblique or transverse osteotomy and fixation of the proximal phalanx. Each fixation technique was tested in apex palmar, apex dorsal, and lateral bending, as well as in torsion and distraction. The results showed that of the configurations tested, four crossed 0.028-inch d Kirschner wires obtained the highest rigidity in the transverse fracture pattern and three oblique 0.035-inch d Kirschner wires obtained the highest rigidity in the oblique fracture pattern.
Pap smear noncompliance among female obstetrics-gynecology residents.

Abstract Objectives We wish to determine how well female obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) residents in the United States follow recommendations for routine Pap smears in managing their own health care and to identify the reasons for noncompliance. Methods A survey was mailed to 1693 female OB/GYN residents in the U.S. Factors associated with noncompliance were determined by chi-square. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent prognostic factors and calculate the odds ratio (OR). Results Six hundred eleven (36%) surveys were returned with compliance information. Noncompliance was reported by 33%. Lack of time or inconvenience was cited as the most common reason (93%) for noncompliance, followed by consideration of themselves as low risk for cervical disease (41%) and fear of or embarrassment in seeing a doctor (14%). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for noncompliance during residency included noncompliance prior to residency (OR 4.6, P P = 0.02), whereas East Indian ethnicity (OR 3.0, P = 0.06) and having no children (OR 1.6, P = 0.07) were near significant. Conclusions A substantial proportion of female OB/GYN residents do not follow standard recommendations for routine Pap smears. Although the principal reason for noncompliance given was lack of available time and/or inconvenience during residency, this behavior predated residency and was associated with specific ethnic groups.
Reaction Kinetics of Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation over a Sulfided Pt + Re/ Al2O3 Reforming Catalyst.

Abstract An investigation of the reaction kinetics of methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation over a sulfided Pt + Re Al 2 O 3 reforming catalyst is presented. The main reaction kinetics cannot be modeled completely with simple Langmuir-Hinshelwood techniques. The main reaction appears to be controlled by adsorption of reactant and occurs as a consecutive series of steps, with methylcyclohexene as an observable intermediate. The fouling reaction is observed to be first order in MCH and toluene, and inhibited by hydrogen. The activation energy of the main reaction (14 kcal/mol) and the fouling reaction (78 kcal/mol) are very similar to the same for an unsulfided Pt Al 2 O 3 catalyst. The results are interpreted in terms of a recently proposed fouling model and suggest that the active sites of the sulfided bimetallic are partitioned into very small ensembles.
Multiple flux rope magnetic ejecta in the solar wind

[1] Four magnetic flux rope events observed by Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) in the solar wind at 1 AU are examined by the Grad-Shafranov reconstruction technique. Their 2D cross sections obtained from magnetic field and plasma measurements show configurations of multiple, nonsymmetric, cylindrical flux ropes embedded within their boundaries. Each boundary is defined in consistency with two-dimensional magnetohydrostatic theory. Among the four events, three have double flux rope configurations, and the fourth is a triplet. Parameters characterizing the events are derived. The orientation of cylindrical axis is obtained, and associated uncertainty is estimated. All events have unidirectional axial magnetic field and axial currents. The total axial magnetic flux is of the order ∼1012 Wb, and the total axial current is of the order ∼108 A. Each flux rope in the doubled flux rope pair and the triplet has the same chirality as its partner(s). Magnetic X points are formed between adjacent flux ropes on the plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis. One event with abrupt change in magnetic field direction and another related to energetic particles are discussed.
Aerobic oxygenation of organic sulfides using diruthenium activators

Abstract Diruthenium compounds supported by carboxylate or mixed carboxylate/carbonate bridging ligands were found to be active catalysts for aerobic oxygenation of organic sulfides. Ru2(OAc)3(CO3) (A), Ru2(O2CCF3)3(CO3) (B) and Ru2(OAc)4Cl (C) promote the conversion of organic sulfide to sulfoxide, and subsequently sulfone in an oxygen atmosphere at ca. 90 °C. The order of catalytic activity is A > B ≫ C. Catalytic reactions are operative in a number of 1:1 co-solvent–H2O combinations, and the highest reactivity was found in aqueous media.
Co-Existent Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus, a Familial Disease

Three male siblings with diabetes mellitus are described, two of whom also had coexistent diabetes insipidus. The co-existence of diabetes mellitus and insipidus appears to represent a single genetic abnormality and may or may not be accompanied by primary optic atrophy. Chlorpropamide was effective in controlling the symptoms of diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.
Dielectric loss and related noise of pyroelectric modified lead titanate arrays

Abstract Electrical characteristics of pyroelectric modified lead titanate arrays were measured at different temperatures. The modified lead titanate films were deposited by metal-organic decomposition. Dielectric loss tangent ( tan δ ) as low as 0.045 at 30 Hz was obtained at room temperature with lanthanum nickel oxide electrodes. For the purpose of this study, micromachined 40×40 μm 2 pixels made of 200-nm-thick pyroelectric films were connected in parallel into 10- or 100-pixel arrays. Noise measurements showed the temperature and frequency dependence of tan δ noise to coincide with the calculated results. At room temperature, the best 10-pixel array showed a tan δ noise current as low as 2×10 −15 A/Hz 1/2 at the operating frame rate of 30 Hz. As expected, 1/ f noise was observed proportional to applied current when the pixels were dc biased.
Coarse-grained model simulations of mixed-lipid systems: composition and line tension of a stabilized bilayer edge.

Bilayer disks and ribbons composed of a mixture of short- and long- tail phospholipids have been studied by molecular dynamics with a coarse-grained model. The effects of system composition on the edge structure, composition, and line tension were analyzed. Increases in the fraction of short-tail lipids tend to decrease the line tension (i.e., stabilize the edge) but not eliminate it. The short-tail lipid is generally enriched at the curved rim forming the bilayer edge, with an excess of 3 to 4 molecules per nanometer (relative to the bulk), but complete segregation was not observed. In all mixtures, a region depleted in the short-tail component occurs just before the edge, corresponding to a bulge in the bilayer thickness. The bulge and depletion are more prominent as the bilayer composition shifts toward a majority of short-tail lipids. In one case, a net excess of long-tail lipids at the edge was demonstrated, suggesting that certain circumstances give rise to a "segregation inversion" in which the long-tail lipid behaves as an edge stabilizer.
Beauty is skin deep: a surface monolayer perspective on nanoparticle interactions with cells and bio-macromolecules.

Surface recognition of biosystems is a critical component in the development of novel biosensors, delivery vehicles and for the therapeutic regulation of biological processes. Monolayer-protected nanoparticles present a highly versatile scaffold for selective interaction with biomacromolecules and cells. Through engineering of the monolayer surface, nanoparticles can be tailored for surface recognition of biomolecules and cells. This review highlights recent progress in nanoparticle-biomacromolecule/cellular interactions, emphasizing the effect of the surface monolayer structure on the interactions with proteins, DNA and cell surfaces. The extension of these tailored interactions to hybrid nanomaterials, biosensing platforms and delivery vehicles is also discussed.
Theory of a Traveling-Wave Optical Maser

A formal treatment of a traveling-wave optical maser is presented in which an assumed electromagnetic field in a rotating cavity, obeying Maxwell's equations, nonlinearly polarizes the moving gaseous atoms. The interaction is treated quantum mechanically in the frame of the moving atom. The resultant polarization, statistically summed over all velocity ensembles, is used as a source term in Maxwell's equations. The self-consistency gives a set of equations which determine the amplitudes and frequencies of oscillation of the modes of the independent oppositely directed traveling waves in terms of the parameters of the system. The results reduce to those obtained by Lamb for the case of a standing-wave optical maser with a stationary cavity. In addition, stability conditions on the oppositely directed waves are obtained for the cases where the active medium is a single isotope and a mixture of two isotopes.
Characterization of minerals and organic phosphorus species in marine sediments using soft X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy

Phosphorus Near Edge X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (P-NEXFS) data were collected on phosphorus containing phases including organic and inorganic compounds and minerals. Although phases containing P in the plus five oxidation state P(V) in a tetrahedral PO4 structure have similar primary fluorescence peak positions, the size, shape, and positions of secondary spectral features are diagnostic for different compounds and minerals. In particular, calcium phosphates exhibited a notable post-peak shoulder at 2154.5 eV, while oxidized iron phosphates had a distinctive pre-peak feature at 2148 eV. Polyphosphates have a broad secondary peak located approximately 2 eV higher in energy than a similar feature in phosphate esters and diesters. Compounds containing P(V) in structures other than PO4 tetrahedra such as phosphonates have a primary peak shifted about 1 eV lower than corresponding organo-phosphates. Organo-phosphates with P in the plus three oxidation state P(III) such as phosphines had primary fluorescence peaks shifted still further down in energy (2–3 eV). The substitution of aromatic carbon groups in close proximity to P structures in organic compounds generated both pre- and post-peak features as well as a number of secondary peaks. In addition, X-ray fluorescence mapping of P, Si, Al, Mg, and Na was conducted on a marine sediment sample with sub-micron spatial resolution. Phosphorus was heterogeneously distributed in the sample and not correlated on a broad scale with any other element examined. Much of the P present in the sample was located in small, 0.6–8 μm size, P-rich domains. Several P-rich regions were examined with P-NEXFS using a focused beam with 60 nm resolution and were found to consist of either calcium phosphate or polyphosphate phases. The presence of significant polyphosphate-dominated regions in a marine sediment sample supports the recent observations that such phases can play an important role in marine P cycling. The combination of fluorescence mapping and P-NEXFS data collection on fine particles provides a powerful new tool for environmental phosphorus studies.
A digraph model for risk identification and mangement in SCADA systems

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems are critical to today's industrial facilities and infrastructures. SCADA systems have evolved into large and complex networks of information systems and are increasingly vulnerable to various types of cyber-security risks. Identifying and managing risks in SCADA systems has become critical in ensuring the safety and reliability of these facilities and infrastructures. Most of the existing research on SCADA risk modeling and management has focused on probability-based or quantitative approaches. While probabilistic approaches have proven to be useful, they also suffer from common problems such as simplifying assumptions, large implementation costs, and inability to completely capture all the important aspects of risk. This paper proposes a digraph model for SCADA systems that allows formal, explicit representation of a SCADA system. A number of risk management methods are presented and discussed for a SCADA system based on the proposed model. The methods are applied to a chemical distillation application as a case study, and shows promising initial results in identifying areas of system vulnerability.
An Analysis of the Effects of Feed Ingredient Price Risk on the Selection of Minimum Cost Backgrounding Feed Rations

The traditional minimum cost feed ration linear programming model is expanded to permit risk management responses to price variability associated with feeding a particular ration across time. The cost minimizing objective function also considers feed cost in a mean-variance (E-V) framework. The model is specified using NRC nutrient requirements and an historic Feedstuffs price series. A decision-maker can choose his/her optimal ration by making tradeoffs between price risk and net income. The results should provide a basis for decision tools that allow livestock producers to manage the net income risk involved in the selection of a feed ration.
Middle School Special Education Teachers' Instructional Practices for Solving Mathematical Word Problems: An Exploratory Study:

A random sample of middle school special education teachers from various classroom settings completed a survey asking them about what instructional practices and materials they used to teach studen...
Polyglutamine-Expanded Human Huntingtin Transgenes Induce Degeneration of Drosophila Photoreceptor Neurons

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder. Disease alleles contain a trinucleotide repeat expansion of variable length, which encodes polyglutamine tracts near the amino terminus of the HD protein, huntingtin. Polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin, but not normal huntingtin, forms nuclear inclusions. We describe a Drosophila model for HD. Amino-terminal fragments of human huntingtin containing tracts of 2, 75, and 120 glutamine residues were expressed in photoreceptor neurons in the compound eye. As in human neurons, polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin induced neuronal degeneration. The age of onset and severity of neuronal degeneration correlated with repeat length, and nuclear localization of huntingtin presaged neuronal degeneration. In contrast to other cell death paradigms in Drosophila, coexpression of the viral antiapoptotic protein, P35, did not rescue the cell death phenotype induced by polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin.
A semantic analysis approach for assessing professionalism using free-form text entered online

This paper presents the results of an experimental study to measure professionalism for the purpose of assessing a professional development program. Soft skills such as professionalism are increasingly recognized as important, yet measuring and assessing these skills, typically best acquired experientially, has remained challenging. Following established research, we conceptualize professionalism as a construct with the dimensions of autonomy, commitment, belief in public service, self-regulation, and the use of a professional organization as a major referent. We demonstrate how these dimensions can be expressed and the professionalism of free-form text responses measured. These responses are reflections submitted online by participants in a professional development program for undergraduate business majors known as the Management Achievement Program (MAP). Latent semantic analysis is employed to measure the professionalism of these responses and to assess MAP along each of the five dimensions. The method demonstrated in this paper has several advantages over existing methods for assessment, which can be costly, require considerable time and training, and are often tied to subjective interpretation. The method demonstrated here is suitable for replication that leads to continuous improvement by ''closing the loop.''
Cross-Guided Clustering: Transfer of Relevant Supervision across Domains for Improved Clustering

Lack of supervision in clustering algorithms often leads to clusters that are not useful or interesting to human reviewers. We investigate if supervision can be automatically transferred to a clustering task in a target domain, by providing a relevant supervised partitioning of a dataset from a different source domain. The target clustering is made more meaningful for the human user by trading off intrinsic clustering goodness on the target dataset for alignment with relevant supervised partitions in the source dataset, wherever possible. We propose a cross-guided clustering algorithm that builds on traditional k-means by aligning the target clusters with source partitions. The alignment process makes use of a cross-domain similarity measure that discovers hidden relationships across domains with potentially different vocabularies. Using multiple real-world datasets, we show that our approach improves clustering accuracy significantly over traditional k-means.
Magnetic Field and Magnetic Isotope Effects on the Products of Organic Reactions

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the magnetic field and magnetic isotope effects on the products of organic reactions. The chapter discusses reactions of radical pairs and examines the spin states of radical pair systems as archetypes. The crucial condition for observation of magnetic field effects is a competition between two processes: one of the processes must be magnetic field dependent and the other is magnetic field independent. As for magnetic field effects, magnetic isotope effects are generally very small or negligible in homogeneous solution, but may become significant in microheterogeneous environments, such as micelles. The chapter illustrates an example of a magnetic isotope effect involving 17 O, occurring in the thermolysis of endoperoxides of aromatic compounds. The decomposition of certain endoperoxides produces singlet molecular oxygen and the yield of singlet oxygen is magnetic field dependent. Such effects have been observed in many different kinds of chemical systems, and are readily interpreted in terms of the well-established principles of chemically induced magnetic polarization.
Strategies for Genotype Generation

The identification of genomic loci linked to human disease has been greatly facilitated by the evolution of genotyping strategies and techniques. The success of these strategies continues to be based upon clear clinical assessment, accurate sample handling, and careful data management, but also increasingly upon experimental design. Technological advances in the field of genotyping are permitting increasing complex population studies to be performed. An understanding of publicly available genetic variation databases, including an awareness of the limitations of these data, and an appreciation of the strategic approaches that should be used to exploit this information will provide tremendous insight for researchers are aiming to utilize this increasingly accessible technology. As single-nucleotide polymorphisms become the mainstay of genetic analyses, it is important that their source, distribution and de novo identification before understood before they are incorporated into genetic linkage and association analyses.
Lateralization and effects of adult androgen in a sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system controlling song in zebra finches.

Unlike many other sexually dimorphic systems, gonadal secretions do not explain sex differences in the morphology of the telencephalic song control nuclei of zebra finches. It is important to understand whether a novel mechanism for controlling structure is restricted to the forebrain regions specialized for song, and whether other areas respond more typically to gonadal steroids. Therefore, the effects of sex and adult androgen manipulation on the neuromuscular end of the song control system (tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus, nXIIts, and the syrinx, or vocal organ) were investigated. Because lesion and axotomy experiments indicate a right-side bias in the functional control of song, asymmetry in the motor nucleus and in the ventralis and dorsalis syrinx muscles was also tested. Male-biased dimorphisms existed in the volume of nXIIts, and in syrinx mass and size of muscle fibers, but not in motoneuron number or size. Asymmetries favoring the right side were detected in nXIIts volume and motoneuron number in males, as well as in ventralis and dorsalis fiber size in both sexes. Hormone manipulations had no effect on nXIIts size, neuron size, or number. Testosterone treatment of adult females increased all of the syringeal measures, but the only effect of flutamide in males was to decrease syrinx weight. Thus, male-biased sexual dimorphisms and right side dominance in both nXIIts and the syrinx may facilitate singing behavior. Adult androgen exposure can induce partial masculinization of the syrinx, but other factors must be important in mediating the sex differences in both that structure and the volume of nXIIts. J. Comp. Neurol. 426:154 ‐164, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: songbird; testosterone; asymmetry; sex difference; flutamide
Crystal structure of Sar1-GDP at 1.7 A resolution and the role of the NH2 terminus in ER export.

The Sar1 GTPase is an essential component of COPII vesicle coats involved in export of cargo from the ER. We report the 1.7-A structure of Sar1 and find that consistent with the sequence divergence of Sar1 from Arf family GTPases, Sar1 is structurally distinct. In particular, we show that the Sar1 NH2 terminus contains two regions: an NH2-terminal extension containing an evolutionary conserved hydrophobic motif that facilitates membrane recruitment and activation by the mammalian Sec12 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, and an α1' amphipathic helix that contributes to interaction with the Sec23/24 complex that is responsible for cargo selection during ER export. We propose that the hydrophobic Sar1 NH2-terminal activation/recruitment motif, in conjunction with the α1' helix, mediates the initial steps in COPII coat assembly for export from the ER.
Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oxaliplatin, irinotecan and capecitabine

Purpose To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of the combination of weekly oxaliplatin × 4, weekly irinotecan × 4 and capecitabine Monday through Friday for 4 weeks of every 6 week cycle in patients with solid tumors; to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of these agents in this combination; to observe patients for clinical anti-tumor response.
Changes in Shoreline Change Trends in Response to a Detached Breakwater Field at Grand Isle, Louisiana

Abstract This study examines changes in shoreline change trends at Grand Isle, Louisiana, in relation to the implementation of a detached breakwater field completed in 1999. Eight sets of aerial photographs and digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle mosaics ranging from 1973 to 2004 were analyzed to establish pre- and postconstruction shoreline trends. Preconstruction, the island experienced persistent growth at its downdrift end. Postconstruction, this accretion ceased, and the downdrift end of the island began to experience erosion. The area landward of the breakwater field was accretionary before construction and became stable, whereas accretion increased in the area immediately updrift of the breakwater field. Two key design parameters, breakwater length and distance from the shoreline, were used to assess the potential for the formation of salients. Results from an engineering model suggest that the breakwaters were constructed too far offshore for this typical response to occur. Nonetheless, results ...
Intrathecal cytotoxic T-cell immunotherapy for metastatic leptomeningeal melanoma

A 49-year-old patient with primary, recurrent melanoma on the lower extremity developed metastatic leptomeningeal melanoma that did not respond to treatment with radiation therapy or intrathecal interleukin 2 (IL-2). Disease was characterized by neurological symptoms, including loss of hearing, loss of short-term memory, and gait disturbance. CD8 + CTLs were generated in vitro using autologous dendritic cells pulsed with peptides from the melanoma-associated antigens tyrosinase (145-156), Melan-A/MART-1 (26-35), and gpl00/Pmel 17 (209-217). The CTLs exhibited up to 74% specific lysis against peptide-pulsed autologous EBV-transformed B cells, with Melan-A-specific CTLs yielding the greatest lytic activity. CD8 + CTLs possessed a type 1 cytokine profile, expressing tumor necrosis factor oL and IFN~/but not IL-4. Infusions of CTLs were supported with systemic low-dose IL-2 administration. 111In labeling and computerized gamma imaging were used to monitor the distribution of CTLs up to 48 h after infusion. Intra-arterial delivery via the right carotid artery was followed by redistribution of the CTLs to the lungs, liver, and spleen within 16 h. In contrast, delivery via an indwelling Ommaya reservoir resulted in prolonged retention of CTLs within the brain for at least 48 h after infusion. Marked but transient elevations in tumor necrosis factor e~, IFN-% and IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid were observed within 4 h of CTL infusion. There was no evidence of tumor progression throughout the treatment period, and clinically the patient showed some resolution of neurological symptoms.
Building the modern church: Roman Catholic church architecture in Britain, 1955 to 1975

Robert Proctor's Building the Modern Church is a significant contribution to the study of twentieth-century church architecture in Britain, as well as of modern ecclesiastical architecture more bro...
Actin Cytoskeleton: Missing link for intracellular bacterial motility?

Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) associates with virulence factors on the surface of intracellular bacteria; by binding to profilin, VASP may help direct the actin assembly that appears to drive bacterial motility.
Coupling between [arginine8]-vasopressin-activated increases in protein tyrosine phosphorylation and cellular calcium in A7r5 aortic smooth muscle cells.

Abstract Effects of genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on increases in [Ca 2+ ] i and protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by 20 n M [arginine 8 ]vasopressin (AVP) were studied in A7r5 aortic smooth muscle cells. In fura-2-loaded cells, AVP induced a rapid (0.5–2 min) transient increase in [Ca 2+ ] i that was followed by a smaller sustained increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . In 66% of the cells, the transient response involved both influx of extracellular Ca 2+ and release of intracellular Ca 2+ : influx accounted for 60% of the response, and release accounted for 40%. However, in 34% of the cells, the relative contribution of influx and release during the transient could not be assessed. In all cells, the smaller sustained response was entirely dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ . Genistein (148 μ M ) always blocked the transient and sustained components of the Ca 2+ response showing that both influx and release were genistein-sensitive. Isobestic fluorescence analysis, in medium containing 0.5 m M Mn 2+ in place of Ca 2+ , showed that the influx pathway was selective because it did not conduct Mn 2+ . It also confirmed that Ca 2+ release was blocked by genistein. In contrast, 105 μ M lavendustin A, a different tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppressed the transient by only 30%. Another inhibitor, tyrphostin 47 (80 μ M ), did not alter the transient or sustained components of the Ca 2+ response. No AVP-induced increases in tyrosine phosphorylation were detected unless special procedures were used. When cells were preincubated in 10 m M vanadate, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, AVP induced a transient increase in tyrosine phosphorylation (5–60 s). The time course for AVP-induced phosphorylation was similar to that for increases in [Ca 2+ ] i . Vanadate alone increased tyrosine phosphorylation and induced a slow small increase in [Ca 2+ ] i that was dependent on extracellular Ca 2+ . Genistein blocked tyrosine phosphorylation induced by AVP and vanadate, and it blocked the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i induced by vanadate alone. In contrast, lavendustin or tyrphostin unexpectedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation induced by vanadate alone and precluded assessment of AVP-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in the presence of vanadate. Levandustin produced time-dependent enhancement of vanadate-induced increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . These results underscored the need for measuring cellular changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation to assess potential functions of tyrosine kinase activity. Under conditions where changes in phosphorylation could be measured, the results suggested that AVP-activated increases in tyrosine phosphorylation may be coupled to AVP-activated mechanisms that regulate influx of extracellular Ca 2+ and release of intracellular Ca 2+ .
Software defined networking for wireless local networks in Smart Grid

Emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology has provided excellent flexibility to large-scale networks in terms of control, management, security, and maintenance. With SDN, network architectures can be deployed and maintained with ease. New trends in computing (e.g., cloud computing, data centers, and virtualization) can seamlessly be integrated with the SDN architecture. On the other hand, recent years witnessed a tremendous growth in the upgrade and modernization of the critical infrastructure networks, namely the Smart-Grid, in terms of its underlying communication infrastructure. From Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), an increasing number of networking devices are being deployed to connect all the local network components of the Smart Grid together. Such large local networks requires significant effort in terms of network management and security, which is costly in terms of labor and hardware upgrades. SDN would be a perfect candidate technology to alleviate the costs while providing fine-grained control of this critical network infrastructure. Hence, in this paper, we explore the potential utilization of the SDN technology over the Smart Grid communication architecture. Specifically, we introduce three novel SDN deployment scenarios in local networks of Smart Grid. Moreover, we also investigate the pertinent security aspects with each deployment scenario along with possible solutions.
A WENO Reconstruction-Based Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Compressible Flows on Hybrid Grids

A WENO reconstruction-based discontinuous Galerkin method RDG(P1P2), designed not only to enhance the accuracy of discontinuous Galerkin method but also to ensure linear stability of the RDG method, is presented for solving compressible flow problems on hybrid grids. In this RDG(P1P2) method, a quadratic polynomial solution (P2) is first reconstructed using a least-squares method from the underlying linear polynomial (P1) discontinuous Galerkin solution. By taking advantage of handily available and yet invaluable information, namely the derivatives in the DG formulation, the stencils used in the reconstruction involve only von Neumann neighborhood (adjacent face-neighboring cells) and thus are compact and consistent with the underlying DG method. The final quadratic polynomial solution is then obtained using a WENO reconstruction, which is necessary to ensure linear stability of the RDG method. The developed RDG method is used to compute a variety of flow problems on hybrid meshes to demonstrate its accuracy, efficiency, robustness, and versatility. The numerical experiments demonstrate that the developed RDG(P1P2) method is able to maintain the linear stability, achieve the designed third-order of accuracy: one order accuracy higher than the underlying DG method without significant increase in computing costs and storage requirements.
Two Pine Seedling Weevils Attracted to Pines Infested by the Black Turpentine Beetle

Beal and McClintick (1943) reported that Hylobius pales (Herbst) was attracted to pines infested by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontatis Zimmerman, and engraver beetles, Ips spp. They reported that pine seedlings in the vicinity of the infested trees were killed by the weevil, and that it fed on the limbs of injured trees and bred in their root systems.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Salmonella Inoculated into Creamy Peanut Butter with Modified Composition

Peanut butter has been associated with several large foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks. This research investigates the potential of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) for inactivation of Salmonella in peanut butter of modified composition, both by modifying its water activity as well by the addition of various amounts of nisin. A cocktail of six Salmonella strains associated with peanut butter and nut-related outbreaks was used for all experiments. Different volumes of sterile distilled water were added to peanut butter to increase water activity, and different volumes of peanut oil were added to decrease water activity. Inactivation in 12% fat, light roast, partially defatted peanut flour, and peanut oil was also quantified. Nisaplin was incorporated into peanut butter at four concentrations corresponding to 2.5, 5.0, 12.5, and 25.0 ppm of pure nisin. All samples were subjected to 600 MPa for 18 min. A steady and statistically significant increase in log reduction was seen as added moisture was increased from 50 to 90%. The color of all peanut butter samples containing added moisture contents darkened after high pressure processing. The addition of peanut oil to further lower the water activity of peanut butter further reduced the effectiveness of HPP. Just over a 1-log reduction was obtained in peanut flour, while inactivation to below detection limits (2 log CFU/g) was observed in peanut oil. Nisin alone without HPP had no effect. Recovery of Salmonella after a combined nisin and HPP treatment did show increased log reduction with longer storage times. The maximum log reduction of Salmonella achieved was 1.7 log CFU/g, which was comparable to that achieved by noncycling pressure treatment alone. High pressure processing alone or with other formulation modification, including added nisin, is not a suitable technology to manage the microbiological safety of Salmonella-contaminated peanut butter.
Blood Progesterone During Sexual Cycle of Macnca rhesus; Quantitative Assay

SummaryExperimental hypertension may develop in the partially nephrectomized rat in either the presence or absence of the posterior pituitary. In the presence of the posterior pituitary 7 of 8 hypertensive rats showed an increase in blood volume whereas in the absence of the posterior pituitary 4 of 5 hypertensive rats showed a normal blood volume.
Two Pairs of ON and OFF Retinal Ganglion Cells Are Defined by Intersectional Patterns of Transcription Factor Expression

Visual information is conveyed to the brain by axons of >30 retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types. Characterization of these types is a prerequisite to understanding visual perception. Here, we identify a family of RGCs that we call F-RGCs on the basis of expression of the transcription factor Foxp2. Intersectional expression of Foxp1 and Brn3 transcription factors divides F-RGCs into four types, comprising two pairs, each composed of closely related cells. One pair, F-mini(ON) and F-mini(OFF), shows robust direction selectivity. They are among the smallest RGCs in the mouse retina. The other pair, F-midi(ON) and F-midi(OFF), is larger and not direction selective. Together, F-RGCs comprise >20% of RGCs in the mouse retina, halving the number that remain to be classified and doubling the number of known direction-selective cells. Co-expression of Foxp and Brn3 genes also marks subsets of RGCs in macaques that could be primate homologs of F-RGCs.
Limited-spectrum (first-generation) cephalosporins.

SUMMARY Except in the treatment of pyelonephritis, the first-generation cephalosporins are rarely the first line drug of choice for any suspected infection in obstetrics. Other antibiotics have a narrower spectrum of antimicrobial coverage and are cheaper. Unless culture dictates the use of cephalosporins for main-line therapy, the use of first-generation cephalosporins should be limited to the treatment of pyelonephritis in pregnancy and for prophylaxis at the time of surgery.
Neuro-Ophthalmology Annual Review.

Purpose The purpose of this review was to update the practicing ophthalmologist on the English language neuro-ophthalmology literature from the past year. Design A review of English language literature from August 1, 2013, to August 1, 2014, was conducted. Methods The author searched PubMed from August 1, 2013, to August 1, 2014, limited to English language publications including original articles, review articles, and case reports and excluding letters to the editor, unpublished work, and abstracts. The following topics were searched: pupillary abnormalities, eye movement dysfunction, neuromuscular diseases, optic neuropathies, optic neuritis, demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis, lesions of the optic chiasm and posterior primary visual pathways, elevated intracranial pressure, tumors and aneurysms affecting the visual pathways, vascular diseases, higher visual function, and neuroimaging advances. The focus of this review is on clinically relevant literature in the past year for the practicing ophthalmologist. The aim was to highlight remarkable and interesting literature rather than exhaustively including all new neuro-ophthalmological publications of the year. Results Initially, more than 11,000 articles were identified. One hundred were selected that met criteria specified above. Conclusions This review updates the comprehensive ophthalmologist on neuro-ophthalmic topics.
Changes in blood coagulation in HIV infection

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is becoming more complex. Hemostatic abnormalities occur frequently in the patient with HIV. HIV-related thrombocytopenia (Tr-HIV) is the most common hemostatic disorder with a high morbidity and affects patients from every risk group independently of age, sex, or stage of infection. Two mechanisms are responsible for the Tr-HIV: bone marrow failure and immunological disorders, namely, circulating immune complex deposited on the platelet membrane and the production of autoantibodies directed against platelets. The treatment of choice is zidovudine; other available options are not as effective as zidovudine. In addition, there are some abnormalities in the fluid phase of the coagulation cascade which can produce bleeding or thrombosis in the HIV patient. The most common are a prolonged partially activated thromboplastin time test, the production of a lupic anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies, and several abnormalities in the natural-occurring anticoagulants. The thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura recently associated with HIV has a clinical presentation and treatment alternatives that closely resemble those for the classical disease. The knowledge of these hemostatic abnormalities in the HIV seropositive patient allows a more rational care of these patients.
Pur-Alpha Induces JCV Gene Expression and Viral Replication by Suppressing SRSF1 in Glial Cells.

Objective PML is a rare and fatal demyelinating disease of the CNS caused by the human polyomavirus, JC virus (JCV), which occurs in AIDS patients and those on immunosuppressive monoclonal antibody therapies (mAbs). We sought to identify mechanisms that could stimulate reactivation of JCV in a cell culture model system and targeted pathways which could affect early gene transcription and JCV T-antigen production, which are key steps of the viral life cycle for blocking reactivation of JCV. Two important regulatory partners we have previously identified for T-antigen include Pur-alpha and SRSF1 (SF2/ASF). SRSF1, an alternative splicing factor, is a potential regulator of JCV whose overexpression in glial cells strongly suppresses viral gene expression and replication. Pur-alpha has been most extensively characterized as a sequence-specific DNA- and RNA-binding protein which directs both viral gene transcription and mRNA translation, and is a potent inducer of the JCV early promoter through binding to T-antigen. Methods and Results Pur-alpha and SRSF1 both act directly as transcriptional regulators of the JCV promoter and here we have observed that Pur-alpha is capable of ameliorating SRSF1-mediated suppression of JCV gene expression and viral replication. Interestingly, Pur-alpha exerted its effect by suppressing SRSF1 at both the protein and mRNA levels in glial cells suggesting this effect can occur independent of T-antigen. Pur-alpha and SRSF1 were both localized to oligodendrocyte inclusion bodies by immunohistochemistry in brain sections from patients with HIV-1 associated PML. Interestingly, inclusion bodies were typically positive for either Pur-alpha or SRSF1, though some cells appeared to be positive for both proteins. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate the presence of an antagonistic interaction between these two proteins in regulating of JCV gene expression and viral replication and suggests that they play an important role during viral reactivation leading to development of PML.