cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systems approach to energy resource planning

Strategic planning is a responsibility of both industry and government and must deal with the complexities of the energy system embedded in the economy and environment. The systems approach can contribute to more rational strategic planning in the energy sector by providing a conceptual framework for discussion and a basis for quantitative analysis. Energy research and development policy is an important component of strategic planning and a comprehensive systems methodology has been developed and applied to this policy area. The Reference Energy System and Energy System Optimization Model were designed for application to strategic planning and have been used in the assessment of new energy technologies. These models and their application are discussed in detail. Extensions of the methodology involving coupling of the energy system model to an economic model are discussed.
Nonlinear analysis of tilted toroidal thermosyphon models

We analyze one-dimensional models for single-phase tilted toroidal thermosyphons for three different heating conditions: known heat flux, known wall temperature and mixed heating. For the first two the governing equations lend themselves to exact reduction to a set of three ordinary differential equations, while for the third the equations remain coupled as an infinite set. For all three cases, the tilt angle is stabilizing while the heat rate is a destabilizer. A nonlinear analysis is carried out using center manifold theory and normal form analysis. The known heat flux solutions lose stability through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, while for the other two heating conditions the Hopf bifurcation is supercritical under some conditions and subcritical under others. Stable limit-cycle oscillations exist only for the supercritical cases, otherwise instability leads directly to chaos. Analysis also provides an estimate for the amplitude of oscillation for the supercritical conditions. Numerical experiments have confirmed the theoretical predictions qualitatively and quantitatively.
Analysis of Energy Level Structure and Excited-State Dynamics in a Sm3+ Complex with Soft-Donor Ligands: Sm(Et2Dtc)3(bipy)

Using both laser-excited fluorescence and optical absorption methods, we have determined 57 crystal-field (CF) energy levels of Sm3+ in crystals of Sm(Et2Dtc)3(bipy). The analysis of the energy levels is based on a model Hamiltonian consisting of both free-ion and CF terms. The CF modeling of the experimental energy levels yielded physically reasonable Hamiltonian parameters with a final rms deviation of 17.3 cm-1. In comparison with Sm3+ in other hosts, the CF splitting of Sm3+ in the lattice of Sm(Et2Dtc)3(bipy) is rather weak. The observed fluorescence decay of the 4G5/2 manifold is single-exponential, with a lifetime of 24.5 μs, indicating only one site of Sm3+ in the lattice. According to the Judd−Ofelt theory, values of three intensity parameters were obtained (Ω2,4,6 = 1.57, 2.65, and 3.65, in units of 10-20 cm-1). The calculated branching ratios for transitions from the 4G5/2 manifold are in agreement with experimental values. The calculated radiative lifetime of the 4G5/2 manifold is 3.24 ms, and...
Manipulation of the growth hormone axis in patients with HIV infection.

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection often have a reduced mass of skeletal muscle and bone and a maldistribution of body fat. Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function are integral to the AIDS wasting syndrome and are associated with resistance to the anabolic effects of growth hormone. Administration of growth hormone in relatively high daily doses for 12 weeks improves muscle mass, strength, and function but leads to excess salt and water retention, the carpal tunnel syndrome, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance, whereas the use of somewhat lower doses or an alternate-day regimen elicits similar beneficial effects with . . .
The early and late sea urchin histone H4 mRNAs respond differently to inhibitors of DNA synthesis

The effect of inhibiting DNA synthesis on the concentration of the alpha-histone mRNA and the late histone mRNAs in sea urchin embryos was measured. The alpha-histone mRNA concentrations did not change, while the late histone mRNA concentrations were rapidly reduced at the three developmental stages (morula, blastula, and mesenchyme blastula) tested. The rapid degradation of the late histone mRNAs was prevented when protein synthesis was inhibited.
‘We want no authors’: William Nicholson and the contested role of the scientific journal in Britain, 1797–1813†

This article seeks to illuminate the shifting and unstable configuration of scientific print culture around 1800 through a close focus on William Nicholson's Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, generally known as Nicholson's Journal. Viewing Nicholson as a mediator between the two spheres of British commercial journalism and scientific enquiry, I investigate the ways he adapted practices and conventions from the domain of general-readership monthly periodicals for his Journal, forging a virtual community of scientific knowledge exchange in print. However, in pursing this project Nicholson ran up against disreputable associations connected with the politics of journalism and came into conflict with more established models of scientific publication. To illustrate this, I turn to examine in detail the practice of reprinting, a technique of information transmission which the Journal adapted from general periodicals and newspapers, looking at a clash between Nicholson and the Royal Society that exposes disagreements over the appropriate role for journals during this period of reorganization in the scientific world.
Qualitative Reasoning: Modeling and Simulation with Incomplete Knowledge

Abstract Recently developed methods for qualitative reasoning may fill an important gap in the modeling and control toolkit. Qualitative reasoning methods provide greater expressive power for states of incomplete knowledge than differential or difference equations, and thus make it possible to build models without incorporating assumptions of linearity or specific values for incompletely known constants. Even with incomplete knowledge, there is enough information in a qualitative description to support qualitative simulation, predicting the possible behaviors of an incompletely described system. We survey results from several approaches to qualitative reasoning, and provide a detailed example of the application of these methods to a simple problem. The mathematical validity of qualitative simulation is also assessed. Initial results have been encouraging, and steps are now being taken to develop additional mathematical power, hierarchical decomposition methods, and incremental quantitative constraints, to make qualitative reasoning into a formal reasoning method useful on realistic problems.
Examining the Role of Perceived Leader Behavior on Temporary Employees' Organizational Commitment and Citizenship Behavior.

The attention given to the contingent segment of the workforce has significantly increased over the past decade. Investigative topics include the correlates of temporary employee work attitudes and behaviors. This study used a correlational design to examine leader behaviors outlined by the path–goal theory of leadership, as perceived by temporary employees (N = 126), as a determinant of their organizational commitment and citizenship behaviors. The results indicated that temporary workers' affective commitment was positively related to perceptions of instrumental and supportive leadership. The latter was also significantly related to the participants' organizational citizenship behavior. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.
Atomic force microscopy studies of DNA-wrapped carbon nanotube structure and binding to quantum dots.

Single-stranded DNA is an effective noncovalent dispersant for individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous solution, forming a CNT−DNA hybrid material that has advantages for CNT separations and applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals a regular pattern on the surface of CNT−DNA. We found this pattern to be independent of the length and sequence of the wrapping DNA, yet different from the structures observed for CNTs dispersed with sodium dodecyl sulfate in the absence of DNA. We wrapped CNTs with thiol-modified DNA to form stable conjugates of CNT−DNA and core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots; AFM imaging of these conjugates identified for the first time the location of DNA on the CNT−DNA nanomaterial. Our results suggest that the AFM pattern of CNT−DNA is formed by helical turns (∼14-nm pitch) of wrapped DNA strands that are closely arranged end-to-end in a single layer along the CNT. This work demonstrates the useful functionalization of CNTs with quantum dots in a manner that avo...
P300-based brain-computer interface memory game to improve motivation and performance

A brain-computer interface (BCI) relies on a classifier to determine a user's intent through the EEG signals. This classifier needs to be trained with a specific user prior to its usage. Since the effectiveness of a classifier is affected by the user's motivation during training, a memory game using the BCPy2000 platform has been developed for enhancing motivation and performance in using a traditional P300-based BCI system. A pilot study showed that this memory game is accomplishable by human subjects in a BCI system.
EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENTS ON STRENGTH OF PZT POLYCRYSTALLINE CERAMICS

In bending strength determinations of ceramics, the fracture usually initiates from the tensile surface or the edges. The edge effect could be minimized by carefully rounding off the edges of specimens subjected to four-point bending. The effect of tensile surface polishing, polishing and rounding off the edges, and the acid treatment of the polished surface on the strength of PZT polycrystalline ceramics was determined along with the failure mechanism.
Proton and neutron transition densities in 6,7Li from low energy neutron and proton scattering.

New elastic and inelastic neutron scattering data for $^{6}$,7Li taken at 24.0 MeV have been analyzed in conjunction with existing proton scattering data for these targets at 24.4 MeV. The new data allow us to infer that ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{p}$ in $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ in contrast with the results ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}(N/Z)${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{p}$ deduced from earlier proton and electron work.
Hemodynamic consequences of pressure injection into the pulmonary artery.

SUMMARY Angioconray, normal saline solution and a dextran solution prepared to be isoviscous with respect to Angioconray were injected into the pulmonary artery of an intact dog. Pulmonary artery, left atrial and systemic pressure increased immediately postinjection. Pulmonary artery and left atrial pressure remained significantly elevated for 90 seconds or longer following Angioconray injection, but not after injection of saline or dextran. Angioconray also produced electrocardiographic and cardiac output changes. A mechanism for the interrelation of events following injection of contrast media is proposed.
Somatotropin Antibody Formation in Cows Treated with a Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Over Two Lactations

Blood plasma from cows treated with somidobove, a form of recombinant bovine somatotropin, was assayed for development of antibodies against the protein. Forty-three Holstein cows, selected from an animal safety study, were monitored. Cows were divided into four groups and treated with placebo, 960, 2880, or 4800 mg somidobove per dose at 28-d intervals during two successive lactation periods. Blood plasma was collected at intervals prior to and during the lactations, and levels of IgG antibody reactive with somidobove were determined in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Virtually all of the cows treated with somidobove developed low levels (less than 40 micrograms/ml) of antibody against somidobove. One or two cows from each group responded with some-what higher levels, ranging from 40 to 200 micrograms/ml. Responses generally increased during the first 3 mo of treatment, then decreased, and remained constant with continued treatment. There was no sign of a memory response within or among the lactation periods, and no adverse health effects or decreases in lactational performance were associated with antibody production.
Optimized fingerprint generation using unintentional emission radio-frequency distinct native attributes (RF-DNA)

Device discrimination has been effectively demonstrated using classification processes acting on RF-DNA features as input sequences. Device discrimination utilizing RF-DNA classifiers requires training signals representative of the expected test signals that capture device uniqueness. Current techniques divide collected signals into uniformly distributed and sized regions prior to generating the RF-DNA feature input sequences. This paper divided the collected signals using non-uniform regions tailored to the device operations. Early results indicate that using non-uniform regions for fingerprint generation do not result in increased detection performance for the specific signals considered.
Evaluating Students Online Discussion Performance by Using Social Network Analysis

Online discussion forum is becoming an important part in college education nowadays. To evaluate student's online discussion performance is essential since more and more professors have included online participation as a part of their class grade. In this paper, we use social network analysis methods to help professors in evaluating individual student's online discussion performance. By applying degree centrality (out-Degree and in-Degree) and density metrics, we can identify students who have been actively involved in the discussion board and find out those who need to be encouraged to participate in. Also, SNA software tools are used to visualize students' online discussion participation networks and help to identify these active nodes. In addition, Page Rank algorithm has been applied to the same data to rank the prestige nodes in this social network and the results are compared with degree centrality metric one. The experimental data of students' online discussion threads are collected from one undergraduate course MIS at our University and results show that students who actively participate in online discussion have good academic performances.
POPULATION INVARIANCE OF SCORE LINKING: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS TO ADVANCED PLACEMENT PROGRAM® EXAMINATIONS

Test equating methods are intended to produce interchangeable scores and should not be strongly influenced by the group of examinees on which they are computed. Advanced Placement Program® (AP®) exams, which include both multiple-choice (MC) items and constructed-response (CR) items, provide an environment for studying the effects of subpopulations on the estimation of equating functions. The exams are equated to past forms using an internal anchor-test design in which the linking items are restricted to MC items due to the immediate disclosure of the CR sections of the tests (precluding their reuse as linking items). This collection of closely related papers uses the variety of cases provided by AP exams to assess the effects of subpopulations on various important aspects of test equating. Earlier versions of these papers were prepared for a symposium at the 2002 Annual Meetings of the National Council on Measurement in Education.
Dynamical study of brownian motion

We study the motion of a Brownian particle in a fluid from a dynamical point of view, i.e., without the a priori introduction of purely stochastic elements. The Brownian particle is distinguished primarily by having a mass $M$ which is much greater than the mass of the fluid particles $m$. Our method consists of rewriting the Liouville equation for $\ensuremath{\mu}$, the joint distribution of fluid and Brownian particle, as a pair of coupled equations for the distribution function of the Brownian particle $f$ and the conditional distribution of the fluid $P=(\frac{\ensuremath{\mu}}{f})$. The equation for $P$ is then solved formally in a perturbation series in the square root of the mass ratio ($\frac{m}{M}$), which is then substituted in the equation for $f$ to obtain a collision term $\ensuremath{\delta}f$ representing the effect of the fluid on $f$. We consider two situations: (1) A constant external force acts on the Brownian particle and $f$ is stationary, the external force being balanced by $\ensuremath{\delta}f$, and (2) a general time-dependent $f$. We find in both cases, as expected, that to lowest order $\ensuremath{\delta}f$ has the form of a Fokker-Planck type collision term, though in the second case this only holds for times much larger than the fluid relaxation time after an initial time at which $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is arbitrary. The next order terms in $\ensuremath{\delta}f$ differ for the two cases. Furthermore, because of the limitations on the times at which $\ensuremath{\delta}f$ is valid in the second case, $f(t)$ does not really obey a Markoffian equation to this order when the initial state is arbitrary. In the Appendixes we consider the formal structure of $\ensuremath{\delta}f$, the form of $f$ in the stationary case, a "quasistochastic" model of Brownian motion, the motion of a composite Brownian particle, and the motion of a Brownian particle in a crystal. The latter makes contact with the work of Hemmer and Rubin.
Factors Influencing Cl- and F- Enhancements in Electron-Stimulated Desorption of CF2Cl2 Coadsorbed with Other Gases

We have investigated the possible influence of various factors on the giant enhancement of Cl- and F- yields observed for the electron stimulated desorption (ESD) of CF2Cl2 coadsorbed with polar molecules. We have measured the variations of the secondary-electron energy spectrum and the work function of a fractional-monolayer CF2Cl2 precovered Ru(0001) coadsorbed with polar H2O/NH3 molecules or nonpolar Xe atoms. The changes of Cl-, F-, and F+ yields under bombardment by 250 eV electrons have also been measured for the coadsorption systems. It is observed that the anionic enhancement is much smaller for bombardment by 30 eV electrons. The results indicate that the variations in secondary-electron yield and energy distribution due to coadsorption have a negligible effect on the negative-ion enhancements observed. The work-function decrease caused by coadsorption may have some effect on the anionic enhancements, but it is not the dominant factor. The monotonic attenuation of F+ with increasing coadsorbate c...
Nervous system degeneration produced by acrylamide monomer.

Acrylamide, widely employed as a vinyl monomer in the polymer industry, is a potent neurotoxin to man and to animals. The cumulative effect of prolonged, low-level exposure to acrylamide monomer is the insidious development of a progressive peripheral neuropathy. Sensory symptoms begin in the hands and feet (numbness, pins and needles), certain reflexes are lost and, with severe exposure, muscle weakness and atrophy occur in the extremities. The peripheral neuropathy may be supplemented by symptoms indicative of central nervous system damage (ataxia, tremor, somnolence and mental changes). The neuropathologic basis for this clinical picture has been determined in cats. Here, chronic acrylamide intoxication produces selective peripheral and central nerve fiber degeneration. Degeneration first occurs in the extremities of long and large nerve fibers which later undergo a progressive, seriate proximal axonal degeneration known as dying-back. Especially vulnerable are sensory axons supplying Pacinian corpuscles and muscle spindles in the hindfoot toepads, while adjacent motor nerve axons die back later. Distal central nerve fiber degeneration is seen in the medulla and the cerebellum. The neurotoxic property of acrylamide is of practical concern in two areas. One major problem is the protection of factory workers engaged in the manufacture of acrylamide. A sensitive test of neurologic function in these individuals, i.e., touch sensation, based on the experimental observation of the exquisite vulnerability of Pacinian corpuscles in acrylamide intoxicated cats, is presently under consideration. The second area for concern is the exposure of the populace to minute amounts of neurotoxic acrylamide monomer which contaminate acrylamide polymers currently deployed in the environment. Federal restrictions on the maximum permitted exposure to acrylamide, based on a largely clinical study of acrylamide neurotoxicity conducted ten years ago, may require a re-evaluation in the light of recent advances which have pinpointed the initial sites of nerve fiber degeneration.
JTT‐130, a novel intestine‐specific inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty rats

Aim: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) takes part in the mobilization of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from enterocytes and hepatocytes. We investigated the effects of JTT-130, a novel intestine-specific MTP inhibitor, on impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Methods: Male ZDF rats were fed a regular powdered diet with or without JTT-130 as a food admixture (0.01–0.02%) for 6 weeks. Food intake, body weight, blood biochemical parameters, fecal lipid contents, hepatic lipid contents, tissue mRNA levels and glucose utilization in adipose tissues were assessed. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and histological analysis of the pancreas were performed. Results: JTT-130 treatment decreased food intake, glycated hemoglobin, plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and hepatic mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. JTT-130 treatment increased fecal levels of free fatty acids and cholesterol, plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY, mRNA levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissues and GLUT4 in muscle and glucose utilization in adipose tissues. Plasma insulin decreased after 2 weeks and increased after 4 weeks of JTT-130 treatment. Plasma glucose in the JTT-130-treated rats was lower with higher plasma insulin than in the control rats during the IPGTT. The islets of the JTT-130-treated rats were larger and contained more insulin than those of the control rats. Conclusions: JTT-130 ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in the ZDF rats thereby suggesting that JTT-130 could be useful for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Efficient and Secure Code Dissemination in Sensor Clouds

In this paper, we present an efficient and secure code dissemination technique aimed at sensor clouds. Previous code dissemination techniques were geared toward traditional wireless sensor networks. They did not take into account, the dynamic nature of a sensor cloud, where the applications running on the motes may not just be updated but changed completely in successive code disseminations. The technique presented in this paper is based upon the observation that a large amount of code is common between applications in wireless sensor networks. Our technique first discovers the code common across various wireless sensor applications. It then distributes this code in the form of functions a priori into the network. During code dissemination, these common functions are picked up by the sensors from the network. Only a part of the code needs to be transmitted from the base station. This reduces the overall transmitted code and hence the energy consumption. Since, security is important in sensor clouds, we further present a security scheme based on proxy reencryption to provide confidentiality and integrity of the code. We have implemented our scheme using two different proxy reencryption algorithms, on Mica2 and TelosB mote platforms to measure its energy consumption. We have also evaluated our scheme in terms of disseminated code size and bandwidth usage to illustrate its efficiency compared to a popular secure code dissemination technique, Seluge.
Designing an information system for the perishable tools inventory: A hybrid approach

Abstract Two separate approaches are dominant in the systems analysis and design literature: the structured approaches and the prototyping approach. Much has been written about the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methodologies. No specific guidelines, however, have been developed to assist in choosing which approach might be most appropriate. This paper reports the results of conducting a controlled experiment in which the two different approaches were used by separate teams in the design of an information system. Each approach identified needs that may not have been identified by the other approach. For example, the structured approach identified conditions that might have been overlooked in using the prototyping approach; however, the prototyping approach created a working system within the first few weeks of the project and required close involvement with the users throughout the entire system design and development. Surprisingly, in the application of both methodologies, several advantages of both were achieved, while most of the disadvantages were eliminated. These results suggest that a hybrid methodology capturing many of the advantages of each approach might be the best overall approach to system analysis and design.
Flash photolysis of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide; acid-base equilibrium of the radical transients

Abstract The transient with a λ max at 570 m observed in the flash photolysis of N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide is confirmed to be the positive radical. This species is in rapid equilibrium with its deprotonated form (λ max =510 mm) with a pK of 4.3.
Time-resolved CIDNP study of intramolecular charge transfer in the dipeptide tryptophan-tyrosine

Time-resolved chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and laser flash photolysis (LFP) techniques have been used to study the kinetics and mechanism of the photochemical reaction between 2,2‘-dipyridyl (DP) and the dipeptide l-tryptophan-l-tyrosine (TrpH-TyrOH) in acidic aqueous solution (pH = 3.8). Analysis of the geminate CIDNP pattern reveals that the quenching of the protonated triplet dipyridyl TDPH+ results in the formation of both tryptophan and tyrosine radicals from the dipeptide with comparative efficiency. The total quenching rate constant of triplet dipyridyl by TrpH-TyrOH was found to be (2.5 ± 0.3) × 109 M-1 s-1. The radical transformation TrpH+•→TyrO• via intramolecular electron transfer (IET) leads to an increasing tyrosyl radical concentration, growth of the tyrosine CIDNP signals, fast decay of the CIDNP signal of TrpH, and inversion of the CIDNP sign from emission to enhanced absorption for DP. The nuclear spin−lattice relaxation times of the radicals formed in the react...
A radical behavioral understanding of the therapeutic relationship in effecting change

This paper presents a behavior analytic understanding of the functional components of the therapeutic relationship. Whereas other models of understanding therapy have offered interpretations of the importance of the client-therapist alliance, few have specified mechanisms responsible for mediating change that have a foundation in experimental psychology. Consistent with the radical behaviorally based Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), we describe, using a contemporary understanding of verbal behavior, how the therapist establishes him or herself as a provider of social reinforcement in order to shape change using contingent and noncontingent responding. We propose a reason why a limited amount of client-therapist contact can produce large changes in behavior. The paper closes with a description of a research strategy for evaluating the proposed model of effecting client change as a function of the therapeutic relationship.
Control of γ-glutamyltransferase activity in chick embryo retinas by glutamine

Abstract In the chick embryo retina, glutamine appears to have a complex role in the control of γ-glutamyltransferase activity. At 10 m m , the amino acid inhibits enzyme induction by cortisol by about 70%, but has no effect on the preinduced enzyme. Experiments which separate the transcription and translation phases of the inductive process show that the inhibitory effect of glutamine is exerted at the level of translation, while the amino acid actually supports transcription.
Demands and opportunities: Analyzing academic language in a first grade dual language program

Abstract Academic language, the register necessary to be successful in school, has been widely studied in recent years. Researchers have devoted much energy to defining the construct of academic language and identifying ways that teachers can support students – particularly those learning two languages simultaneously – as they develop it. Several scholars have suggested that identifying the academic language demands of content curricula and classroom contexts is a productive first step in demystifying academic language for teachers and students. In this article, therefore, I report findings from a yearlong qualitative case study in a first grade dual language program. My analysis centers on the explicit and implicit academic language demands of the curriculum, as well as teachers’ understandings of and expectations about the role of academic language in their classrooms. These findings have implications that extend beyond dual language programs to mainstream classrooms with emergent bilingual students in them.
Cardiac catheterization in children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

There are limited reports in the literature that address the unique issues related to cardiac catheterization on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Since 1990, cardiac catheterization has been performed on nine patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median age was 10 months (range four days to 18 years) and the median weight was 4 kg (range 2.3–73.8 kg). The indications for catheterization were to relieve pulmonary edema in five patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, and in one instance each, evaluation of probable anomalous left coronary artery, tetralogy of Fallot associated with a diaphragmatic hernia, possible pulmonary venous abnormalities, and postoperative evaluation after an arterial switch. Venous access was obtained through a preexisting femoral venous line in six patients, and through a cutdown of the saphenous or femoral vein in the other three. Interventional catheterization procedures were performed in six of the nine patients in this group. These consisted of blade atrial septostomy followed by balloon septostomy or dilation of the atrial septum in four patients, balloon septostomy alone in one, and placement of a catheter from the left atrium to the circuit used for extracorporeal oxygenation in another. A transseptal puncture was performed in five of them. Adequate decompression of the left atrium with relief of pulmonary edema was achieved in five patients. Six of the nine children in this group died, although there were no complications or deaths related to the catheterization. Children in cardiopulmonary failure on extracorporeal support represent a population at high risk. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization and atrial septostomy to decompress the left heart, when indicated, can be performed safely in such patients.
New heterologous mischarging reactions with yeast phenylalanyl transfer RNA synthetase

Abstract Purified yeast phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase can aminoacylate highly purified E. coli tRNA Lys , tRNA 2 Ala , and tRNA 2 Val . The extent of heterologous aminoacylation relative to that achieved with the homologous synthetase is 82% for tRNA Lys and tRNA 2 Ala , and 60% for tRNA 2 Val . These three tRNA's must contain the synthetase recognition site for yeast phenylalanyl tRNA synthetase.
Effects of Coping Information and Value Affirmation on Responses to a Perceived Health Threat

In this study, we examined the effects of coping information and self-affirmation on an individual's response to threatening health information. A total of 202 women college students read an essay containing threatening information about breast cancer. The essay described their population as being at risk for breast cancer and included both pictures of cancerous breasts and vivid descriptions of chemotherapy treatments. Participants were randomized into either the low-affirmation condition or the high-affirmation condition when they first arrived. In addition, half of the participants were randomly assigned to receive coping information that described breast self-examinations as an effective method of detecting breast cancer and focused on the importance of early detection. Participants who received coping information scored lower on maladaptive behaviors (avoidance, hopelessness, religiosity), suggesting that coping information plays a role in decreasing maladaptive behaviors. No significant differences ...
A Dilation Theory Approach to Cubature Formulas. II

An interpretation of multivariate cubature formulas for positive measures in terms of Hilbert space operators leads to a parametrization of all finite-rank, cyclic and commutative dilations of a given cyclic tuple of self-adjoint operators. Explicit matricial formulas for these dilations are presented; the abstract dilation problem suggested by the concrete computations is stated at the end of the note.
Automated mechanism design: complexity results stemming from the single-agent setting

The aggregation of conflicting preferences is a central problem in multiagent systems. The key difficulty is that the agents may report their preferences insincerely. Mechanism design is the art of designing the rules of the game so that the agents are motivated to report their preferences truthfully and a (socially) desirable outcome is chosen. We propose an approach where a mechanism is automatically created for the preference aggregation setting at hand. This has several advantages, but the downside is that the mechanism design optimization problem needs to be solved anew each time. Hence the computational complexity of mechanism design becomes a key issue. In this paper we analyze the single-agent mechanism design problem, whose simplicity allows for elegant and generally applicable results.We show that designing an optimal deterministic mechanism that does not use payments is NP-complete even if there is only one agent whose type is private information---even when the designer's objective is social welfare. We show how this hardness result extends to settings with multiple agents with private information. We then show that if the mechanism is allowed to use randomization, the design problem is solvable by linear programming (even for general objectives) and hence in P. This generalizes to any fixed number of agents. We then study settings where side payments are possible and the agents' preferences are quasilinear. We show that if the designer's objective is social welfare, an optimal deterministic mechanism is easy to construct; in fact, this mechanism is also ex post optimal. We then show that designing an optimal deterministic mechanism with side payments is NP-complete for general objectives, and this hardness extends to settings with multiple agents. Finally, we show that an optimal randomized mechanism can be designed in polynomial time using linear programming even for general objective functions. This again generalizes to any fixed number of agents.
Carbon Dioxide Production by Dry Grain of Zea mays

Use of the gas chromatograph and a mercury-to-glass sealed respirometer adapted for gas syringe sampling, allowed the rapid, accurate characterization of CO2 evolution rates from live and from dead-sterile Zea mays L. grain dried to moisture levels of 12.6 to 1.4%. The live grain at the lowest moisture level showed an elevated rate inconsistent with the exponential increase in rate of CO2 evolution with increasing moisture found for maize with moisture contents from 4 to 12.6%. At the lowest moisture level, rates of CO2 evolution from dead-sterile grain were greater than for live grain. Moisture had no effect on CO2 evolution from dead-sterile grain. Increasing temperature and increasing levels of O2 in the storage atmosphere resulted in increased rates of CO2 evolution from both live and dead-sterile maize. CO2 production rates from live and from dead-sterile grain decreased with increasing storage time, even though respirometer CO2 concentrations were less than 1% at the end of the experiment. Our results indicate that CO2 production is not a dependable measure of respiration in dry seeds. Other experiments indicate that oxygen absorption also is not reliable in maize grain.
Mechanical Performance of Nanostructured Thermoplastic Polyimide Films

The effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the mechanical performance, namely, strength, fracture resistance, and creep recovery of polyimide (PI) films, were investigated by testing different formulations of PI/MWCNTs films. The loadings of MWCNTs used were 0.1 and 0.5 wt%. A novel method of dispersing MWCNTs in PI was developed and optimized. The processing conditions for fabricating PI films have also been developed and optimized. The mechanical performance of the optimized PI films was evaluated. It was found that the strength of the PI films dried at 60°C increased by 55% and 72% for the 0.1% MWCNT and 0.5% MWCNT loadings, respectively, while the fracture resistance increased by 23% for the 0.1% MWCNTs and then decreases at a loading of 0.5% MWCNTs. The strength of the neat and nanostructured films increased after annealing. However, there was a shift in the annealing temperature at which the maximum strength occurs as the MWCNT loadings increased. The fracture resistance of all the samp...
Concept analysis: prenatal obesity, a psychoneuroimmunology perspective.

PURPOSE To analyze the concept of prenatal obesity within a psychoneuroimmunology framework. CONCLUSION By considering the psychosocial, neurological, endocrine, and immunological contributions, a psychoneuroimmunology framework maintains a holistic focus. Identifying the multidirectional mechanisms linking these systems will provide valuable insight into the mechanisms by which prenatal obesity increases the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Utilization of the concept of prenatal obesity within a psychoneuroimmunology framework will facilitate multidisciplinary research to identify underlying mechanisms by which prenatal obesity leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as the development of interventions to treat obesity before, during, and after pregnancy.
Reduce yield loss in delay defect detection in slack interval

A new delay-testing scheme that identifies abnormal delays in the slack interval by comparing switching delays in neighboring dies on a wafer has been recently proposed and validated on experimental circuits. The simulation showed orders of magnitude delay defect detection efficiency improvement. In this paper we investigated the yield loss problem and proposed a practical production test based on delay defect detection in slack interval (DDSI).
Extended Surgical Staging for Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma: Survival Outcome of Locoregional (Stage I–III) Disease

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival outcome in patients with locoregional uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) after extended surgical staging (ESS). Methods. All patients diagnosed with FIGO Stage I–III UPSC undergoing ESS (vertical incision, peritoneal cytology, TAH/BSO, omental biopsy, lymph node sampling, peritoneal biopsy) between 1/1/89 and 12/31/98 were identified retrospectively from the tumor registry database. Pathologic features predictive of regional extrauterine spread were evaluated using the log-rank test. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to generate survival curves, and median survival determinations were compared using the log-rank test or the proportional hazards regression model. Results. Twenty-six patients with locoregional UPSC were identified: FIGO Stage I ( n = 11), Stage II ( n = 7), and Stage III ( n = 8). The median age at diagnosis was 66 years. Preoperative endometrial pathology correctly identified the presence of UPSC in 76.9% of cases. The only pathologic feature found to be predictive of regional extrauterine spread (Stage III) was myometrial invasion ≥50% ( P = 0.028). Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) was administered to 6/18 patients with Stage I/II disease and 5/8 patients with Stage III disease. Platinum-based chemotherapy was administered to 5 patients with Stage III disease. All recurrences of Stage I/II disease were located within the pelvis (16.7%). For Stage III disease, all recurrences occurred at distant sites (42.9%). The median follow-up time for surviving patients was 39.0 months (mean = 45.0 months). For all patients, the overall 5-year survival rate was 61.2%. According to FIGO stage, the overall 5-year survival rates were Stage I, 81.8%; Stage II, 64.3%; and Stage III, 31.3%. No significant differences were detected in the risk of death by stage, although there was a trend toward worse survival with Stage III disease: Stage I hazard ratio [HR] = 1.00, Stage II HR=1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23–12.03, Stage III HR=3.63, 95% CI=0.65–20.12. Conclusions. Patients with locoregional UPSC following ESS have a more favorable prognosis than previously thought. The additional information provided by ESS facilitates the selection of adjuvant therapy. Whole pelvic RT is recommended for patients with Stage I/II disease. Pathologic Stage III disease portends a significant risk of distant recurrence. For these patients, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered in addition to directed RT.
Cell-Associated Double-Stranded RNA Enhances Antitumor Activity through the Production of Type I IFN

The efficacy of tumor cell vaccination largely depends on the maturation and activation status of the dendritic cell. Here we investigated the ability of soluble and tumor cell-associated dsRNA to serve as an adjuvant in the induction of protective adaptive antitumor responses. Our data showed that cell-associated dsRNA, but not soluble dsRNA, enhanced both tumor-specific CD8 + and CD4 + T cell responses. The cell-associated dsRNA increased the clonal burst of tumor-specific CD8 + T cells and endowed them with an enhanced capacity for expansion upon a secondary encounter with tumor Ags, even when the CD8 + T cells were primed in the absence of CD4 + T cell help. The adjuvant effect of cell-associated dsRNA was fully dependent on the expression of TLR3 by the APCs and their subsequent production of type I IFNs, as the adjuvant effect of cell-associated dsRNA was completely abrogated in mice deficient in TLR3 or type I IFN signaling. Importantly, treatment with dsRNA-associated tumor cells increased the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and enhanced the survival of tumor-bearing mice. The data from our studies suggest that using cell-associated dsRNA as a tumor vaccine adjuvant may be a suitable strategy for enhancing vaccine efficacy for tumor cell therapy in cancer patients.
Power system transient stability analysis software tool for an undergraduate curriculum

This paper describes, a technique of the transient stability assessment, known as the Extended Equal Area Criterion (EEAC) as applied to a multimachine power system. The EEAC is implemented using the MATLAB program to provide a software tool with GUI. The software tool of the EEAC is developed to incorporate the transient stability analysis, into an undergraduate curriculum in power engineering. Another criterion for developing this software is to reduce the effort normally associated with the instruction of the complex theory of the transient stability and the use of the software in an undergraduate classroom environment. The results obtained from the MATLAB software on two multimachine power systems are compared with the traditional time domain analysis technique for verification purposes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 37–48, 2001
Application Security Models for Mobile Agent Systems

Mobile agents are a distributed computing paradigm based on mobile autonomous programs. Mobile applications must balance security requirements with available security mechanisms in order to meet application level security goals. We introduce a trust framework to reason about application security requirements, trust expression, and agent protection mechanisms. We develop application security models that capture initial trust relationships and consider their use for mobile agent security.
Adaptive test scheduling in SoC's by dynamic partitioning

In this paper, we present a novel adaptive scheduling algorithm for testing embedded core-based SoC's. Tests are scheduled in a way that dynamically partitions and allocates the tests, consequently constructing and updating a set of dynamically partitioned power constrained concurrent test sets, and ultimately reducing the test application time. A simulation study shows the productivity gained by our new approach.
Abundance and distribution of bacterioplankton in the Gambia River, West Africa.

Four ecological zones of the Gambia River were sampled during four different hydrologic seasons for determination of microbial, nutrient, and physical parameters. A Greco-Latin Square experimental design was used to define the particular transect, station, depth, and tide/time-of-day of samples taken. Ranges of total bacterioplankton densities (106 cells/ml) were similar to those of tropical and temperate environments. Numbers of free bacteria were similar temporally, whereas attached bacteria numbers were greater during periods of high stream flows when suspended solids concentrations were higher. Free bacteria were usually twice as numerous in the freshwater zones than in the estuarine zones. Attached bacterial densities were approximately four times greater in the estuarine zones than in the freshwater zones. Uptake of3H-glucose on both a sample volume and per-cell basis increased from the early stages of the flood (6.95±SE 1.37 ng/liter/hour and 3.8 pg/hour/106 cells, respectively) and reached observed annual maximums during the dry season (21.01±SE 3.05 ng/ liter/hour and 13.0 pg/hour/106 cells, respectively). Spatially,3H-glucose uptake per sample volume and per cell was highest in the upper river zone and lowest in the lower estuary zone. The lower estuary zone consistently acted out of concert with the other river zones in terms of3H-glucose and14C-bicarbonate uptake. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that free and attached bacterioplankton densities were not homogeneous among transects, stations, depths, and tide/time-of-day at the different zones during the four hydrologic seasons. The results suggested that heterotrophy overshadowed autotrophy in the river and that the bacterial abundance, distribution, and glucose uptake activity in this tropical floodplain river were greatly influenced by the annual flood and the presence of extensive mangrove forests in the estuary.
Magnetic-Induced Tricritical Point in Alloys and the Low-Temperature Fe-Ni and Fe-Ni-Cr Phase Diagrams

The phase equilibria at temperatures above and below the tricritical point in binary alloys are discussed in terms of thermodynamic principles. The existence of a second spinodal curve for the disordered phase within the magnetic-induced miscibility gap is rationalized. The relative interplay of the chemical and magnetic contributions to the stabilities of various types of phase equilibria in binary alloys is also discussed.