cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of blood pressure measurement using a miniature blood pressure transmitter with jacketed external telemetry in cynomolgus monkeys.

Abstract Introduction Current techniques used to accurately determine arterial blood pressure (BP) in conscious, unrestrained monkeys require invasive telemetry. This study evaluated the functionality of an implanted miniature telemetry blood pressure transmitter for the collection of BP measurements in conjunction with electrocardiographic measurements using a jacketed external telemetry (JET™) system in conscious, unrestrained cynomolgus monkeys. Methods Twenty-four animals were surgically implanted with the transmitter in the right femoral artery. Local tolerability to the implant, signal quality, and variability in hemodynamic values were evaluated. On alternate weeks, animals were given single doses of positive control agents to produce hypotensive (clonidine hydrochloride) or hypertensive (L-NAME) effects. Undisturbed telemetry BP data were continuously collected for at least 24 h following dosing and analyzed. Results While exhibiting remarkably high signal quality (∼ 95% data points retained over 24 h of data collection) and moderate variability across study weeks in baseline pulse height measurements (changes as small as Discussion These results demonstrate the ability of the miniature BP transmitter, in conjunction with the JET™ system, to detect small changes in hemodynamic data continuously collected in conscious unrestrained monkeys. Future optimization of the transmitter includes the addition of a suture rib to the transmitter body and increased catheter size to prevent catheter migration out of the artery, the root cause of failed transmitters. The miniature blood pressure transmitter evaluated provides a minimally invasive technique for continuous collection of hemodynamic data in a toxicology study environment.
Development of a testbed for wireless underground sensor networks

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) constitute one of the promising application areas of the recently developed wireless sensor networking techniques. WUSN is a specialized kind of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that mainly focuses on the use of sensors that communicate through soil. Recent models for the wireless underground communication channel are proposed but few field experiments were realized to verify the accuracy of the models. The realization of field WUSN experiments proved to be extremely complex and time-consuming in comparison with the traditional wireless environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes guidelines for the development of an outdoor WUSN testbed with the goals of improving the accuracy and reducing of time for WUSN experiments. Although the work mainly aims WUSNs, many of the presented practices can also be applied to generic WSN testbeds.
The effects of life crisis on psychological adjustment

In this survey study the question was asked how "life crisis," social conditions, and ratings of quality of life are related to psychological adjustment. The survey included 454 residents, and data were collected on five social conditions: income, education, age, marital status, and religious participation; four ratings of life quality: family, personal life, income, and overall quality of life; the number of recent changes in the lives of the respondents; and two indicators of psychological adjustment. These data were analyzed with multivariate analyses of variance and stepwise regression. Life crisis was associated directly with psychological adjustment. Social conditions and life quality ratings also had significant effects. People with high life-crisis scores reported more psychological distress, and poor social conditions appeared to further exacerbate their adjustment problems. Regardless of the magnitude of the crisis, quality of life ratings had sizable effects on reports of psychological adjustment.
International Implications of the Cost of Compliance with the External Audit Requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes–Oxley

The Sarbanes–Oxley ACT (SOX) was effective for many large U. S. companies for fiscal years ending on or after December 15, 2004. Some, cross listed, non U. S., companies must comply with the provisions of Section 404 (404) of SOX for fiscal periods ending on or after July 15, 2006. The purposes of this study are to review the implications of SOX 404, to assess SOX 404’s potential impact on world-wide securities regulation, assess the impact of SOX 404 on external audit fees for the initial group of filers during the first 2 years it was effective and assess SOX 404’s prospective economic impact on foreign companies that cross list their securities in the U. S. Our finding indicated that audit fees increased by an average of 65% for the initial group of filers in the first year SOX 404 was effective and by .9% in the second year. This increase was reflected in a .5% decrease in earnings for these companies. We conclude that although similar results might be expected for foreign companies that cross list, the implementation costs do not provide sufficient reason to weaken or eliminate SOX 404’s requirements at this time.
Evaluation Of The Fabry-Perot Etalon For Spectral Discrimination In IR Surveillance

Infrared surveillance systems are often required to discriminate targets powered by combustion devices, such as rocket or jet engines, from the highly cluttered backgrounds of the earth-atmosphere scene against which the target must be viewed. The use of a Fabry-Perot etalon to perform this discrimination function based on the spectral differences between the source and background has been studied both experimentally and analytically. The quantitative results of this study are the subject of this paper. The discrimination factor for hot water sources, based on high resolution spectra in the 2.7μm region is found analytically to be less than 5 and accompanied by a large attenuation of the source signal. Measurements in our laboratory shows that the experimentally observed discrimination factors are even smaller. On the other hand an HF spectrum studied analytically shows discrimination factors as high as 50 may be achieved with as much as 50% of the source energy transmitted by the etalon. These different results are a consequence of the fundamentally different nature of the H2O and HF spectra. Based on these results further studies of selected other plume species, such as CO and CO2 near the head of the 4.3 μm band are suggested. Spectral discrimination of plumes containing hot water should be based on techniques other than an etalon.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multi-tissue transcriptomics of the black widow spider reveals expansions, co-options, and functional processes of the silk gland gene toolkit

Spiders (Order Araneae) are essential predators in every terrestrial ecosystem largely because they have evolved potent arsenals of silk and venom. Spider silks are high performance materials made almost entirely of proteins, and thus represent an ideal system for investigating genome level evolution of novel protein functions. However, genomic level resources remain limited for spiders. We de novo assembled a transcriptome for the Western black widow (Latrodectus hesperus) from deeply sequenced cDNAs of three tissue types. Our multi-tissue assembly contained ~100,000 unique transcripts, of which > 27,000 were annotated by homology. Comparing transcript abundance among the different tissues, we identified 647 silk gland-specific transcripts, including the few known silk fiber components (e.g. six spider fibroins, spidroins). Silk gland specific transcripts are enriched compared to the entire transcriptome in several functions, including protein degradation, inhibition of protein degradation, and oxidation-reduction. Phylogenetic analyses of 37 gene families containing silk gland specific transcripts demonstrated novel gene expansions within silk glands, and multiple co-options of silk specific expression from paralogs expressed in other tissues. We propose a transcriptional program for the silk glands that involves regulating gland specific synthesis of silk fiber and glue components followed by protecting and processing these components into functional fibers and glues. Our black widow silk gland gene repertoire provides extensive expansion of resources for biomimetic applications of silk in industry and medicine. Furthermore, our multi-tissue transcriptome facilitates evolutionary analysis of arachnid genomes and adaptive protein systems.
Moderate heat stress of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves causes chloroplast swelling and plastoglobule formation

Photosynthesis is inhibited by heat stress. This inhibition is rapidly reversible when heat stress is moderate but irreversible at higher temperature. Absorbance changes can be used to detect a variety of biophysical parameters in intact leaves. We found that moderate heat stress caused a large reduction of the apparent absorbance of green light in light-adapted, intact Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Three mechanisms that can affect green light absorbance of leaves, namely, zeaxanthin accumulation (absorbance peak at 505 nm), the electrochromic shift (ECS) of carotenoid absorption spectra (peak at 518 nm), and light scattering (peak at 535 nm) were investigated. The change of green light absorbance caused by heat treatment was not caused by changes of zeaxanthin content nor by the ECS. The formation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), chloroplast movements, and chloroplast swelling and shrinkage can all affect light scattering inside leaves. The formation of NPQ under high temperature was not well correlated with the heat-induced absorbance change, and light microscopy revealed no appreciable changes of chloroplast location because of heat treatment. Transmission electron microscopy results showed swollen chloroplasts and increased number of plastoglobules in heat-treated leaves, indicating that the structural changes of chloroplasts and thylakoids are significant results of moderate heat stress and may explain the reduced apparent absorbance of green light under moderately high temperature.
The radiolabelled synthesis of N‐Ethyl‐2‐chloro‐6‐trimethylsilylbenzamide[Ring‐14C(U)], a fungicide candidate for wheat take‐all disease

N-Ethyl-2-chloro-6-trimethylsilylbenzamide [Ring-14C(U)], 61, was synthesized in five steps from [U-14C]-benzoic acid 1 in an overall yield of 71%. Two key steps in the synthesis involve directed ortho metalation reactions2 on the aromatic ring. Purification by Silica gel Flash Column Chromatography produced 6 with a radiochemical purity of 99%. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tryptophan phosphorescence of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Phosphorescence of protein tryptophan was analyzed in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and in the purified Ca2+ transport ATPase in deoxygenated aqueous solutions at room temperature. Upon excitation with light of 295 nm wavelength, the emission maxima of fluorescence and phosphorescence were at 330 nm and at 445 nm, respectively. The phosphorescence decay was multiexponential; the lifetime of the long-lived component of phosphorescence was ⋍ 22ms. ATP and vandate significantly reduced the phosphorescence in the presence of either Ca2+ or EGTA; ADP was less effective, while AMP was without effect. The quenching by ATP showed saturation consistent with the idea that the ATP-enzyme complex had a lower phosphorescence yield. Upon exhaustion of ATP, the phosphorescence returned to starting level. Significant quenching of phosphorescence with a decrease in phosphorescence lifetime was also caused by NaNO2, methylvinyl ketone and trichloroacetate, without effect on ATPase activity; this quenching did not show saturation and was therefore probably collisional in nature.
Validating predictions of unobserved quantities

Abstract The ultimate purpose of most computational models is to make predictions, commonly in support of some decision-making process (e.g., for design or operation of some system). The quantities that need to be predicted (the quantities of interest or QoIs) are generally not experimentally observable before the prediction, since otherwise no prediction would be needed. Assessing the validity of such extrapolative predictions, which is critical to informed decision-making, is challenging. In classical approaches to validation, model outputs for observed quantities are compared to observations to determine if they are consistent. By itself, this consistency only ensures that the model can predict the observed quantities under the conditions of the observations. This limitation dramatically reduces the utility of the validation effort for decision making because it implies nothing about predictions of unobserved QoIs or for scenarios outside of the range of observations. However, there is no agreement in the scientific community today regarding best practices for validation of extrapolative predictions made using computational models. The purpose of this paper is to propose and explore a validation and predictive assessment process that supports extrapolative predictions for models with known sources of error. The process includes stochastic modeling, calibration, validation, and predictive assessment phases where representations of known sources of uncertainty and error are built, informed, and tested. The proposed methodology is applied to an illustrative extrapolation problem involving a misspecified nonlinear oscillator.
HOMICIDE AGAINST THE ELDERLY: A RESEARCH NOTE*

By virtue of the type of data generally used (victim surveys), previous research on the victimization of the elderly is limited in two respects. Not only is the crime of homicide outside the domain of victimization data, but sample surveys uncover too few incidents of victimization of the elderly to permit in-depth analyses. Using the supplementary homicide reports from 1976–1985, we compared patterns and rates of homicide among the elderly and younger populations. Our results suggest that the elderly are in fact the least at risk for homicide generally, as has been reported for other crimes. When examining specific subtypes of homicide, however, the elderly are actually at greater risk than their younger counterparts for homicide committed during a robbery.
SU-FF-T-284: Accurate Determination of a Linac Radiation Isocenter Using Iterative Analysis of Digitized Star Shot Images

Purpose: To develop an accurate method to measure radiation isocenter for linac with sub‐millimeter isocenter radius. Method and Materials: Conventional star shot film is produced for gantry and collimator radiation isocenters. The pattern of gantry rotation and collimator rotation is produced on the same Kodak XV ready pack film by placing the film at vertical, and then horizontal positions at isocenter using a carefully placed “Iso‐Align” device. The beams can be differentiated easily because of the well define length of testing beams for collimator rotation, and penetrating beams of the gantry rotations. The film was digitized and the image was enhanced to show clearly the beam edges and center line of each narrow beam using a public domain image analysis software. Each beam can be described by a linear equation that was obtained through sampling and linear regression of the beam's central line. Using iterative search algorithms and analytical calculations, the location of the isocenter and its radius were obtained. Because gantry isocenter and collimator isocenter were determined on the same image, we were able to measure the lateral deviation between these two isocenters. The impacts of beam arrangements on isocenter determination were also investigated. Results: We applied this method on a Varian Trilogy machine. A 0.2 mm radius was measured for collimator radiation isocenter. The gantry radiation isocenter was measured to be of 0.3 mm radius. The lateral distance between two isocenters was 0.3 mm. The results are highly reproducible. Conclusion: We established a method to determine accurately the radii of the radiation isocenters of a LINAC. The precision of this method had not been achievable by the traditional analysis of a star‐shot film, but it is necessary for evaluating a linac for high precision radiotherapy.
The activation energies for plastic flow in a superplastic copper alloy

Abstract A superplastic copper alloy, which is nominally single phase, exhibits a sigmoidal relationship between strain rate and stress dividing the behavior into three regions. Only a very small amount of primary creep occurs in the low stress region I and the intermediate stress region II, and temperature cycling experiments show that the activation energies are independent of the total strain within the extended steady-state region. The activation energies are ∼ 179 kJ mol−1 in region I and ∼ 144 kJ mol−1 in region II, and these values are similar to those anticipated for lattice and grain boundary diffusion, respectively. The activation energy in the high stress region III is ∼ 159 kJ mol−1, suggesting that grain boundary sliding occurs to an appreciable extent in this region in addition to an intragranular dislocation creep process.
Representations of youth in local media: Implications for library service

This study is the first content analysis of news media representations of young adults specifically connected to the possible implications for library service for this age group. News and feature stories about young adults in two California newspapers surveyed over a consecutive three-month period between January and March 2007 identified common patterns in the collective representations of youth which raise questions about the potential institutional implications of these portrayals for young adult services. Analysis of the survey found young people were depicted routinely as troubled, troubling, and dangerous, a finding consistent with more than a decade of general media research. Examining these representations may help libraries become better and more critically informed about actual youth behaviors and thus initiate institutional debate about more effective service approaches with this age group which constitutes significant portion of library users.
Leadership for health care in the 21st Century: A personal perspective

correspondence: Harold Slavkin center for craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern california, 2250 Alcazar Street cSA-103, Los Angeles, cA 90033, USA Tel +1 323 442 2216 Fax +1 323 442 2981 email slavkin@usc.edu Abstract: From my perspective, there is no infallible step-by-step formula for becoming an effective or transformational leader. My assertion is that leadership can be taught and learned. Specifically, a person can observe and internalize select models of leadership from unique environments, and then use these “lessons learned” to foster a potential for leadership by learning about what’s worked for others. By selecting “best practices” one can readily and selectively apply those lessons learned to one’s own situation. Leadership opportunities abound in a broad array of environments including health professional education (eg, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, dental hygiene), academic health sciences centers, specific clinical disciplines in academe, or in private as well as nonprofit clinical practices (eg, primary care, various specialties), domestic as well as international health policy, large and small hospitals and clinics, and a myriad of health care industries such as insurance, major pharmaceuticals, information technology, supplies, and the industries that embrace equipment manufacturers and distributors. I hope this “personal perspective” prompts and encourages the reader to think about leading and leadership, and qualities that often describe leaders such as integrity, being trustworthy, “learning organizations”, and leading genius within the health care enterprise at this time in the 21st Century.
Early interaction of feline calicivirus with cells in culture.

The kinetics and biochemical properties of feline calicivirus (FCV) attachment to Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells were determined. Maximum binding was observed at pH 6.5. Cells in suspension at 4°C bound virus more efficiently than cells in monolayers at 4°C or 37°C. High initial binding rate was observed in monolayers or cells in suspension and proceeded to a maximum at 90 min, although half maximal binding was observed as early as 15 min. Binding was specific and competitively blocked by serotypically homologous or heterologous FCV as well as by San Miguel sea lion virus. Treatment of cells with proteases increased FCV binding, whereas phospholipase had no effect on virus attachment. Conversely, cells treated with neuraminidase followed by O-glycanase treatment showed a decreased binding ability. Cells of feline origin bound FCV very efficiently, and non-permissive cells showed a poor binding ability. Following transfection of viral RNA, infectious virus could be recovered from all non-permissive cells, except from Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. These results suggest that FCV binds to a receptor in which carbohydrates may be an important component and that FCV replication in nonpermissive cells is primarily restricted by the absence of appropriate receptors on the cell surface.
Nomads of the Desert West: A shifting continuum in prehistory

The Desert West, a term first employed by Jesse D. Jennings to describe the geographic region where Desert culture evolved, is used to frame a discussion of adaptive diversity that focuses on the time period 1250 to 750 B.P. Variable pathways into and out of sedentism are explored and subsistence intensification, exchange, ideology, and warfare are discussed in relation to an adaptive mosaic of nomads and agriculturalists. I argue that a conjoint prehistory of the Great Basin and the Southwest is both possible and desirable and is needed to illuminate general social processes and major episodes of culture change affecting groups in the Desert West.
The Contours of Al Qaeda's Media Strategy

Al Qaeda has crafted a successful media strategy that is adeptly suited for the war of ideas against the United States. Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri have demonstrated a great ability to lead plural groups and exploit innovation with the use of technology. This article explores how they have connected with diverse audiences around the world with a constant message. The repetition of their platform themes and use of “message projection opportunities” demonstrate a great understanding of human nature, marketing strategy, global media, and world politics. In line with Prospect Theory, bin Laden and Zawahiri's messaging strategy emphasizes stemming losses over solidifying gains. Only through a better understanding of Al Qaeda's media strategy and all of its strengths, weaknesses, and idiosyncrasies can the United States truly recognize what it is up against and begin to construct an effective and comprehensive counter strategy.
Secure steganography designed for mobile platforms

Adaptive steganography, an intelligent approach to message hiding, integrated with matrix encoding and pn-sequences serves as a promising resolution to recent security assurance concerns. Incorporating the above data hiding concepts with established cryptographic protocols in wireless communication would greatly increase the security and privacy of transmitting sensitive information. We present an algorithm which will address the following problems: 1) low embedding capacity in mobile devices due to fixed image dimensions and memory constraints, 2) compatibility between mobile and land based desktop computers, and 3) detection of stego images by widely available steganalysis software [1-3]. Consistent with the smaller available memory, processor capabilities, and limited resolution associated with mobile devices, we propose a more magnified approach to steganography by focusing adaptive efforts at the pixel level. This deeper method, in comparison to the block processing techniques commonly found in existing adaptive methods, allows an increase in capacity while still offering a desired level of security. Based on computer simulations using high resolution, natural imagery and mobile device captured images, comparisons show that the proposed method securely allows an increased amount of embedding capacity but still avoids detection by varying steganalysis techniques.
Advanced in-plane rotation-invariant filter results

Advanced filter algorithms using in-plane rotation invariance as an additional constraint during filter synthesis are presented. The new rotation-invariant Minimum Average Correlation Energy (RI-MACE) filter provides sharp, easily detected correlation peaks and excellent discrimination against other false objects. In the presence of background noise and clutter, the rotation-invariant Minimum Noise and Correlation Energy (RI-MINACE) filter (modified RI- MACE filter) uses the noise information during filter synthesis to obtain improved noise performance and also maintain easily detected correlation peaks. New test results are presented to show the improved discrimination capability of the RI-MACE filter and the improved noise performance of the RI-MINACE filter.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Fear of Health Insurance Loss among Individuals at Risk for Huntington Disease

Background Genetic testing in Huntington disease, an inherited ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disorder, is infrequent despite wide availability. Factors influencing the decision to pursue testing are largely unknown.
SOI TFET $I_{\rm ON}/I_{\rm OFF}$ Enhancement via Back Biasing

The effect of back biasing on the performance of a planar tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) implemented on a silicon-on-insulator substrate is investigated. It is found that reverse back biasing reduces the subthreshold swing SS and increases the range of drain current over which SS is less than (kBT/q)ln(10); hence, it is effective for improving the TFET on/off current ratio for low operating voltages (≤ 0.5 V).
Laundry practices: line‐drying and load characteristics

The authors conducted an exploratory study on laundry practices including: contents and number of laundry loads, use of line-drying, laundry items that are line-dried, and availability of equipment for line-drying. The participants dried fewer loads than previously reported in the literature and laundered different items. Subjects used line-drying for selected textiles, viewed line-drying as time consuming and indicated they lacked equipment for line-drying. The respondents did not thoroughly comprehend the meaning of ‘line dry’. From the results, the authors concluded that additional research is needed to identify a standard or typical laundry load. Research is necessary to up-date the body of knowledge, and educators need to inform consumers of the benefits and concerns of line-drying.
DNA familial binding profiles made easy: comparison of various motif alignment and clustering strategies.

Transcription factor (TF) proteins recognize a small number of DNA sequences with high specificity and control the expression of neighbouring genes. The evolution of TF binding preference has been the subject of a number of recent studies, in which generalized binding profiles have been introduced and used to improve the prediction of new target sites. Generalized profiles are generated by aligning and merging the individual profiles of related TFs. However, the distance metrics and alignment algorithms used to compare the binding profiles have not yet been fully explored or optimized. As a result, binding profiles depend on TF structural information and sometimes may ignore important distinctions between subfamilies. Prediction of the identity or the structural class of a protein that binds to a given DNA pattern will enhance the analysis of microarray and ChIP–chip data where frequently multiple putative targets of usually unknown TFs are predicted. Various comparison metrics and alignment algorithms are evaluated (a total of 105 combinations). We find that local alignments are generally better than global alignments at detecting eukaryotic DNA motif similarities, especially when combined with the sum of squared distances or Pearson's correlation coefficient comparison metrics. In addition, multiple-alignment strategies for binding profiles and tree-building methods are tested for their efficiency in constructing generalized binding models. A new method for automatic determination of the optimal number of clusters is developed and applied in the construction of a new set of familial binding profiles which improves upon TF classification accuracy. A software tool, STAMP, is developed to host all tested methods and make them publicly available. This work provides a high quality reference set of familial binding profiles and the first comprehensive platform for analysis of DNA profiles. Detecting similarities between DNA motifs is a key step in the comparative study of transcriptional regulation, and the work presented here will form the basis for tool and method development for future transcriptional modeling studies.
A lipophilic-hydrophobic attribute and component in the stereochemistry of sweetness

Abstract The bipartite AH,B concept of sweetness is extended to a tripartite AH,B,γ concept. This leads to the novel idea that intramolecular hydrogen bonding may, in some cases, enhance sweetness.
Interpersonal perception and group brainstorming performance

This research examines the differences and relationships which exist among perceptions of status, satisfaction, ideation, and communication for brainstorming group members who are either high or Jow apprehensive communicators. Results indicate that high and low apprehensives do not differ in their perceptions of individual or group satisfaction, but that low apprehensives perceive more status differentiation in their groups than do high apprehensives. Moreover, correlational data suggest that low apprehensive communicators may have a greater ability to “hitch‐hike” on others' ideas (and perhaps greater perspective‐taking capacities) than do persons high in communication apprehension.
Ulrastructure of Liver Cell and Bile Duct Carcinomas

The primary concerns of the surgical pathologist examining a biopsy specimen are whether a particular neoplasm is originating within the liver or is metastatic and, if a primary, whether differentiation is toward liver cells or bile ducts. The present study was undertaken in the hopes of providing a broader concept of the ultrastructural spectrum of liver cell carcinoma (LCC) and a more precise understanding of the changes occurring in these neoplasms with dedifferen-tiation. The 20 liver cell carcinomas, 13 bile duct carcinomas (BDC), and 3 hepatoblastomas were studied ultrastructurally and the findings correlated with light microscopic sections stained by hematoxylin-eosin and the periodic acid-Schiff procedure with and without prior diastase digestion. Immunocytochemical staining for α1 -antitrypsin was carried out on selected tumors. Ultrastructural study can be useful in the distinction of LCC from BDC in the minority of cases in which this is difficult by tight microscopy. While true mixed tumors ap...
A novel pericardial effusion scoring index to guide decision for drainage.

Background:Subacute pericardial tamponade can present without signs of cardiogenic shock. Symptoms and signs lack both sensitivity and specificity.Methods:We conducted a case-control study in consecutive hospitalized patients with moderate-to-large pericardial effusion who had no evidence of hemodyn
A Serializer ASIC at 5 Gbps for Detector Front-end Electronics Readout

Optical data links are used in detector front-end electronics readout systems of experiments in the Tevatron and the LHC. Optical links in high energy particle physics experiments usually have special requirements such as radiation tolerance, ultra high reliability and low power dissipation. These requirements are often not met by commercial components which are designed for applications in non-radiation, accessible (for maintenance) environment, and for multi-vendor systems so the parts must comply with certain standards. Future HEP experiments such as the upgrades for the sLHC call for optical links with ultra high data bandwidth, higher radiation tolerance and ultra low power dissipation. To meet these challenges and in particular those in the upgrade for the ATLAS Liquid Argon Calorimeter readout that calls for an optical link system of 100 Gbps for each front-end board, we adopted a full custom front-end electronics system design based on application specific integrated circuits. Reported here are the development and test results of two circuits: a 5 Gbps serializer and a 5 GHz phase locked loop, and a block diagram design for the 100 Gbps optical link.
On the average number of k -sets

In this paper we compute in closed form the average number ofk-sets of an allowable sequence.
Tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of dopa and related catechol(amine)s: a kinetic electron spin resonance investigation using spin-stabilization and spin label oximetry

Abstract The oxidation of four catechol(amine)s by tyrosinase has been studied by electron spin resonance and optical methods. Rates of oxygen consumption and of dopaquinone and dopachrome formation during the oxidation of dopa have been measured, and compared with rates of dopasemiquinone production measured using spin-stabilization procedures. In the presence of spin-stabilizing metal ions, production of semiquinone is approximately quantitative. Time-dependent ESR spectra obtained from dopa and dopamine show a slow regeneration of semiquinone, suggesting that a semiquinone precursor is slowly reformed. In contrast, time-dependent spectra for 4-methylcatechol and N-acetyldopamine show decay of the primary semiquinone together with buildup of a secondary apparently derived from the corresponding 6-hydroxycatechol(amine). Thus, catecholamines that give rise to a cyclizable quinone show a pattern of behavior that differs from those that produce a non-cyclizable quinone. These results are discussed in terms of their possible significance to melanogenesis and the toxicity of catechol(amine)s, which has been attributed to production of semiquinones and/or other oxygen radicals.
Blood and cerebrospinal fluid lactate during induced hypotension.

Abstract Cerebral anaerobism during induced arterial hypotension to mean arterial pressure (HOH) and trimethaphan infusion (TIH) was evaluated in 11 dogs by comparison of lactate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arterial blood. In six HOH dogs average normotensive control CSF and blood lactates were 1.79 (range 1.45–2.2) and 1.21 (range 0.7–1.8) mmoles/liter. At 5, 30, and 60 min posthypotension, average CSF and blood lactates were 1.93 (range 1.4–2.7), 2.33 (range 2.1–2.6), 3.16 (range 2.6–4.8) mmoles/liter and 2.35 (range 1.4–3.9), 6.30 (range 2.4–12.4), 8.54 (range 5.0–12.6) mmoles/liter, respectively. In five TIH dogs average control CSF and blood lactates were 1.74 (range 1.5–1.9) and 1.18 (range (0.32–2.10) mmoles/liter. At 5, 30, and 60 min posthypotension average CSF and blood lactates were 1.74 (range 1.4–2.1), 2.48 (range 1.6–3.5), 2.68 (range 1.9–3.7) and 1.56 (range 0.79–2.60), 3.76 (range 1.6–5.4), 4.16 (range 2.3–5.4) mmoles/liter respectively. Statistical analysis of CSF data shows that there is no significant difference between HOH and TIH lactate accumulation, and that 5–30 min are required for significant elevation over controls. Analysis of blood lactate shows significant elevation over controls during HOH by 5 min and during TIH by 30 min, with greater lactate accumulation in HOH than TIH by 60 min. Futility of using CSF lactate and advantage of employing blood lactate to monitor cerebral metabolism during hypotension is demonstrated.
Notch signaling: a key to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma?

NEOPLASIA Cellular interactions mediated by Notch receptors (Notch 1-4) and their cognate ligands (Delta-1, -3, and -4, and Jagged1 and 2 in mammals) play central roles in the generation of cellular diversity and the maintenance of uncommitted progenitors in a variety of developmental systems.[1][1
Collaborative information agents on the World Wide Web

In this paper, we present DIAMS, a system of distributed, collaborative information agents which help users access, collect, organize, and exchange information on the World Wide Web. Personal agents provide their owners dynamic displays of well organized information collections, as well as friendly information management utilities. Personal agents exchange information with one another. They also work with other types of information agents such as matchmakers and knowledge experts to facilitate collaboration and communication.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Ethanol-Induced Sedation in Differentially Sensitive Lines of Mice

Acute electrophysiological effects of ethanol were studied in two lines of mice that differ markedly in their response to the soporific effects of systemic alcohol administration. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons from the genetic line that had long sleep times were one to two orders of magnitude more sensitive to the depressant effects of locally administered ethanol than those from the line that had short sleep times. The data suggest that there are genetically determined specificities in the acute effects of ethanol on central neurons and that such specificities might be used to determine which regions of the cerebellum participate in differences in behavioral responses to this substance.
A Fast-Performing Error Simulation of Wideband Radiation Patterns for Large Planar Phased Arrays With Overlapped Subarray Architecture

We present an efficient solution for the fast computation of wideband radiation patterns of large planar arrays with overlapped subarray architecture, subject to beamforming errors. We obtain very good results fully hosting the simulation on a desktop platform, and even better results implementing a small portion of code on commercially-available graphical processing units (GPUs). Errors can be introduced throughout the beamforming chain and include random phase/magnitude errors, element failures, and surface deformation errors. At the core of the computational architecture are interchangeable primitives that quickly compute the entire far-field subarray pattern, subject to errors and user-defined tapers. The primitives are routines that address the general case of arrays with non-uniformly spaced elements (to model surface distortion) and the special case of arrays with uniformly-spaced elements. Both grid-type primitives are CPU hosted, while only the general non-uniform grid primitive type is GPU hosted due to its excellent run-time performance. The simulation quickly generates wideband patterns for the entire forward-looking hemisphere with sufficient resolution to accurately evaluate directivity and sidelobe metrics. Using only the non-uniform grid type hosted on the GPU, we show significant run-time improvement over both CPU-hosted implementations: 18.0 × over the general non-uniform grid and 5.7 × over the uniform grid.
THE REAL GENUS OF 2-GROUPS

Let G be a finite group. The real genus ρ(G) is the minimum algebraic genus of any compact bordered Klein surface on which G acts. Here we consider 2-groups acting on bordered Klein surfaces. The main focus is determining the real genus of each of the 51 groups of order 32. We also obtain some general results about the partial presentations that 2-groups acting on bordered surfaces must have. In addition, we obtain genus formulas for some families of 2-groups and show that if G is a 2-group with positive real genus, then ρ(G) ≡ 1 mod 4.
The study of an interaction of solid particles with various surfaces using TSM sensors

The interaction of solid particles with various surfaces has been experiencing growing interest in the area of nanotechnology, colloidal science and biology. In this paper interactions of solid particles with various surfaces using piezoelectric thickness shear mode (TSM) sensors have been studied. A mechanical model has been presented to evaluate the effect of particle loading on the behavior of a TSM sensor. The main sources contributing to the interaction, such as Van der Waals force, gravitational force and electrostatic force, are discussed. Experimental results have shown that the resonant frequency of a TSM sensor depends on the coupling conditions of micro- or nano- particles loaded on the surfaces of a TSM sensor, which is predicted by the theoretical model. The results show that this TSM sensor technique can provide the information of the coupling, such as the binding energy between the particles and the sensor surfaces, and may promote the applications of TSM sensors in characterizing the properties of the loaded particles.
A Nullstellensatz with nilpotents and Zariski's Main Lemma on holomorphic functions

The classical Nullstellensatz asserts that a reduced affine variety is known by its closed points; algebraically, a prime ideal in an affine ring is the intersection of the maximal ideals containing it. A leading special case of our theorem says that any affine scheme can be distinguished from its subschemes by its closed points with a bounded index of nilpotency; algebraically, an ideal I in an affine ring A may be written as I = (I (me + I), (*I n*ev
Teaching NeuroImages: Wernicke encephalopathy Diagnostically deceptive but treatable

A 54-year-old woman with 4 months of vomiting after gastric fundoplication presented with confusion, generalized weakness, anterograde amnesia, and ophthalmoplegia. Brain MRI showed hyperintensity in the posteromedial thalami (figure, A) and periaqueductal area (figure, B). Serum thiamine was 22 nmol/L (normal 70–180 nmol/L). Supplementation resulted in rapid improvement of ophthalmoplegia but slow improvement of confusion. Anterograde amnesia persisted despite 2 weeks of supplementation.
Migraine and the social selection vs causation hypotheses: a question larger than either/or?

For decades, the question of social selection vs social causation has been raised by public health researchers and social scientists to explain the association between socioeconomic factors and mood disorders.1,2 The social selection or “downward drift” theory postulates that the disease itself limits an individual's educational and occupational achievements, leading to a lower socioeconomic status (SES). In contrast, the social causation hypothesis suggests that factors associated with low SES (e.g., stressful life events, poor health care access) increase the likelihood of disease onset or prolonged disease duration.3,4 Simply stated, the end result of each hypothesis is as follows:
Comparison of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Text Previewing and Preteaching Keywords as Small-Group Reading Comprehension Strategies with Middle-School Students.

Reading instruction for middle- and high-school students is focused on vocabulary and comprehension, yet research suggests that comprehension skills among these students are alarmingly low. Small-group reading interventions are becoming more prevalent in schools, but there are few studies regarding small-group reading comprehension interventions. The current study compared the effectiveness and efficiency of two evidence-based small-group interventions for struggling eighth-grade readers. All participants received a text previewing comprehension strategy and a keyword preteaching strategy in counterbalanced order. Results suggested similar effectiveness between the two strategies but efficiency greatly favored the keyword strategy. Directions for future research are included.
Efficient multithreaded context ID allocation in MPI

An important aspect of support for multithreaded MPI executions is the management of communication context identifiers (IDs), which are used to associate MPI communication operations with a communicator. New communicator creation functionality in MPI 3.0 adds complexity to this core resource management problem. We present an efficient algorithm for multithreaded context ID allocation that builds on an existing production algorithm developed to support MPI 2.2. Through this work, we have discovered a subtle concurrency bug in the existing algorithm that can result in deadlock. We correct this bug and develop methods to overcome the performance impact of deadlock prevention. We evaluate the performance of the new algorithm and prove that it is free from deadlock.
The finite-element method for modeling circuits and interconnects for electronic packaging

A full-wave finite-element method (FEM) is formulated and applied in the analysis of practical electronic packaging circuits and interconnects. The method is used to calculate S-parameters of unshielded microwave components such as patch antennas, filters, spiral inductors, bridges, bond wires, and microstrip transitions through a via. Although only representative microwave passive circuits and interconnects are analyzed in this paper, the underlined formulation is applicable to structures of arbitrary geometrical complexities including microstrip and coplanar-waveguide transitions, multiple conducting vias and solder bumps, multiple striplines, and multilayer substrates. The accuracy of the finite-element formulation is extensively verified by calculating the respective S-parameters and comparing them with results obtained using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Computational statistics for both methods are also discussed.
Comparative Analysis of Haemophilus influenzae hifA(Pilin) Genes

Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to epithelial cells plays a central role in colonization and is the first step in infection with this organism. Pili, which are large polymorphic surface proteins, have been shown to mediate the binding of H. influenzae to cells of the human respiratory tract. Earlier experiments have demonstrated that the major epitopes of H. influenzae pili are highly conformational and immunologically heterogenous; their subunit pilins are, however, immunologically homogenous. To define the extent of structural variation in pilins, which polymerize to form pili, the pilin genes (hifA) of 26 type a to f and 16 nontypeable strains of H. influenzae were amplified by PCR and subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with AluI and RsaI. Six different RFLP patterns were identified. Four further RFLP patterns were identified from published hifA sequences from five nontypeable H. influenzae strains. Two patterns contained only nontypeable isolates; one of these contained H. influenzae biotype aegyptius strains F3031 and F3037. Another pattern contained predominantly H. influenzae type f strains. All other patterns were displayed by a variety of capsular and noncapsular types. Sequence analysis of selected hifA genes confirmed the 10 RFLP patterns and showed strong identity among representatives displaying the same RFLP patterns. In addition, the immunologic reactivity of pili with antipilus antisera correlated with the groupings of strains based on hifA RFLP patterns. Those strains that show greater reactivity with antiserum directed against H. influenzae type b strain M43 pili tend to fall into one RFLP pattern (pattern 3); while those strains that show equal or greater reactivity with antiserum directed against H. influenzae type b strain Eagan pili tend to fall in a different RFLP pattern (pattern 1). Sequence analysis of representative HifA pilins from typeable and nontypeable H. influenzae identified several highly conserved regions that play a role in bacterial pilus assembly and other regions with considerable amino acid heterogeneity. These regions of HifA amino acid sequence heterogeneity may explain the immunologic diversity seen in intact pili.
FOSSIL PARMELIA IN NEW WORLD AMBER

: Two new fossil species (Parmelia ambra Poinar, E.B. Peterson & Platt andP. isidiiveteris Poinar, E.B. Peterson & Platt) are described from Dominican amber. The potential evolutionary value of lichens preserved in amber is discussed.