cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Underlying ACL Injury-Prevention Training: The Brain-Behavior Relationship

In an attempt to elucidate the biomechanical and neuromuscular risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes, numerous authors have examined sex differences in the performance of athletic tasks. Such investigators have consistently reported that lower extremity mechanics differ between males and females. For example, females exhibit decreased knee and hip flexion and increased quadriceps muscle activation, knee valgus angles, and valgus moments when compared with males.1–8 Taken together, this biomechanical and neuromuscular profile is thought to place greater loads on the ACL. Although the reasons underlying the sex differences in the performance of athletic maneuvers are not fully understood, evidence suggests that differences in proximal control may play a contributory role. Our group9 has reported that females favor use of the knee extensors over the hip extensors to attenuate impact forces during a droplanding task (ie, higher knee-extensor moments relative to hip-extensor moments and greater energy absorbed at the knee in relation to the hip). In comparison, male athletes were shown to attenuate impact forces through more equal use of the knee and hip extensors.9 Theoretically, if the hip extensors do not contribute to control of the body’s center of mass during landing, females may compensate through an overreliance on their quadriceps (ie, knee stiffening), by absorbing impact in the frontal plane (ie, greater knee
The Application of Wavelet Transform and Neural Network to Surface Electromyographic Signals for Pattern Recognition

The surface electromyographic (SEMG) signal, which is produced by neural and muscular systems, is a complicated bioelectric signal recorded from skin surface using electrodes. It is very helpful for doctors to analyse the illness of patients. In the paper, four channel SEMG signals from four muscles (palmaris longus, brachioradialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, biceps brachii) are analyzed with wavelet transform , and the eigenvalues of 6 layers wavelet decomposition coefficients are distilled, and eigenvector is composed to input the Elman neural network classifier to identify different movement patterns. The eight movement patterns (to make a fist, to spread a fist, wrist circumrotates entad, wrist circumrotates forth, to bend wrist, to spread wrist, forearm circumrotates entad, forearm circumrotates forth) can be successfully identified after training. It is a new method for SEMG signal study and experiments show that it facilitates higher identification rate
On the completeness of a set of stress functions appropriate to the solution of elasticity problems in general cylindrical coordinates

Abstract In this paper is introduced a set of three stress functions which is useful in solving three-dimensional elastostatics problems in general cylindrical coordinates and, in particular, non-axisymmetric problems in circular cylindrical coordinates. A proof of the completeness of the representation for cylindrical bodies is presented, with the effects of body force and temperature fields included. The relations between the stress functions and the displacements and stresses are given in general cylindrical coordinates and circular cylindrical coordinates and are compared with the analogous relations for the Papkovich-Neuber stress functions.
Sources of alluvium in a coastal plain stream based on radionuclide signatures from the 238U and 232Th decay series

ratios 226 Ra/ 232 Th, 226 Ra/ 230 Th, and 230 Th/ 232 Th. Channel alluvium indicates a transition from interfluve surface to subsoil sources during flood (subsoil � 34% to � 91%, over about 8 km) and bank-full stages (subsoil � 9% to � 74%, over about 12 km), with distance downstream. These results indicate strong coupling between hillslope and channel processes, reflecting land use change from forested to agricultural, concentrated in lower Loco Bayou. This methodology shows that sediment sources can be differentiated based upon landscape placement where lithologic contrast is absent. The geochemistry, long halflives, and fractionation of 238 U and 232 Th decay series radionuclides during pedogenic and fluvial processes in humid climates suggest that these methods are applicable in a wide variety of fluvial systems. INDEX TERMS: 1040 Geochemistry: Isotopic composition/chemistry; 1803 Hydrology: Anthropogenic effects; 1815 Hydrology: Erosion and sedimentation; 1824 Hydrology: Geomorphology (1625); KEYWORDS: natural radionuclides, fingerprinting, alluvium, source apportioning
Evaluation of puncture types as indicators of boll weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) oviposition in cotton squares

Reproductive boll weevil populations are typically identified by the presence of a frass seal and protuberance at the oviposition site in cotton squares. However, despite the occurrence of other oviposition puncture seal types and their use in previous fecundity studies, the relationship of these respective puncture seal types and oviposition has not been clearly examined. In this study, newly eclosed females (≤24 h old, but mated at 4 d of age) were fed fresh squares daily for 8 d to determine oviposition frequency in relation to individual puncture seal types. Puncture seal types were classified as unsealed; puncture with frass seal; puncture with wax seal; and puncture with wax seal and partially covered with frass. Overall, no significant associations were detected between the types of sealed punctures, and the frequency of oviposition in sealed punctures ranged from 64.6 (wax-seal with frass) to 72.9% (frass-sealed) during 2001 and 53.4 (wax-sealed) to 55.2% (wax-seal with frass) during 2002. Examination of individual trials revealed considerable variability in oviposition associated with all sealed puncture types. Oviposition also occurred in unsealed punctures by mated females in all trials. Because of the high degree of oviposition observed in punctures not normally associated as oviposition sites (i.e., wax-seal with frass, wax-seal), this study clearly shows the need to consider other puncture types as potential indicators of reproductive weevil populations. These results will be critical in boll weevil management programs where accurate detection of reproductive weevil populations is crucial for continued pest suppression.
Stabilization of an Ore Pile by Drainage

Instability of track supporting one end of ore bridge in steel plant was caused by excess porewater pressure in layer of silt; successful permanent system of vacuum wellpoints was installed after preliminary field tests demonstrated feasibility of draining silt in this manner.
Implementation of Analytical Devices and the Interactive Social Fabric Matrix Website

Analytical tools and techniques for the social fabric matrix (SFM) are introduced. A website is detailed which will allow collaborative work with researchers around the world. Associated with this is a tool to standardize the creation and editing of SFM displays. A tool to analyze and produce summary statistics for the special case of a symmetric common-denominator SFM is presented and detailed. Mathematical results from graph and matrix theory are employed. A prior result is presented and paired with a tool to enable automatic calculation of feedback potential within a system, and necessary caveats and limitations are laid out. A set of assumptions is laid out that allows the stability of a system to be determined using intermediate matrix theory, and the most restrictive assumption is relaxed.
The Preservation of Government Publications

GOVERNMENT publications are a problem to the archivist because of their bulk, their often ephemeral nature, and their dispersion. The crux of the problem, however, is their bulk, for if they were less bulky they could be dealt with quite simply — at least for the future — by a fiat requiring the setting aside and preservation of one record copy of each publication. The number and hence the bulk of these publications vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction; they are, of course, greater in the Federal Government and in large nations and smaller in State governments and small nations. But since archival facilities — space, personnel, and funds — vary on the same basis, the problem is the same in all jurisdictions. Some hasty calculations of mine, covering book and pamphlet publications only (excluding, that is, press releases, directives, and the like) seem to indicate a total yearly production (one copy each) of about 3,000 linear feet — about threefifths of a mile — by the Federal Government alone. Microfilmed, this would amount to around 2,500 rolls of film per year. I do not vouch for these figures, but the problem of bulk is without a doubt a serious one. 1 The author is Chief Archivist of the Industrial Records Division of the National Archives. 2 These are my calculations, undertaken merely to see whether any credible estimate is possible, short of a careful study: Let us assume that the publications of an agency are on the average in proportion to its size. The present Federal civil list is about 2,400,000 persons; the National Archives and Records Service list, 400 persons. During recent years, therefore, the bulk of the total Federal publication activity should be 6,000 times the bulk of NARS publications. Because NARS publications — not including "issuances" — have been microfilmed, 1934-56 (22 years), a fairly good estimate of their bulk is possible. The 9 rolls of filmed National Archives publications represent about 32,000 pages. One year's publications are therefore about 1,500 pages, and this in turn (on the basis that about 3,000 bond sheets equal 1 linear foot) makes NARS publications about 1/2 linear foot per year. Multiplying by 6,000 for the Government as a whole yields the 3,000 linear-foot annual aggregate. On the microfilm side, if NARS publications come to 9 rolls for 22 years, the annual production rate equals 9/22 rolls; and this, multiplied by 6,000, comes to about 2,500 rolls for the Government as a whole.
Effects of Dietary Protein and Fiber at Breakfast on Appetite, ad Libitum Energy Intake at Lunch, and Neural Responses to Visual Food Stimuli in Overweight Adults.

Increasing either protein or fiber at mealtimes has relatively modest effects on ingestive behavior. Whether protein and fiber have additive or interactive effects on ingestive behavior is not known. Fifteen overweight adults (5 female, 10 male; BMI: 27.1 ± 0.2 kg/m2; aged 26 ± 1 year) consumed four breakfast meals in a randomized crossover manner (normal protein (12 g) + normal fiber (2 g), normal protein (12 g) + high fiber (8 g), high protein (25 g) + normal fiber (2 g), high protein (25 g) + high fiber (8 g)). The amount of protein and fiber consumed at breakfast did not influence postprandial appetite or ad libitum energy intake at lunch. In the fasting-state, visual food stimuli elicited significant responses in the bilateral insula and amygdala and left orbitofrontal cortex. Contrary to our hypotheses, postprandial right insula responses were lower after consuming normal protein vs. high protein breakfasts. Postprandial responses in other a priori brain regions were not significantly influenced by protein or fiber intake at breakfast. In conclusion, these data do not support increasing dietary protein and fiber at breakfast as effective strategies for modulating neural reward processing and acute ingestive behavior in overweight adults.
Building Better Agents: Toward a Science of Value Competition

The aim of this paper is to delineate certain elements of a potential utilitarian science of value competition. I first sketch out four significant dimensions on which I claim that modern societies from the late eighteenth century on have differentiated themselves from their predecessors by fostering a competition of values: 1) the good and the right-Benthamite utility against Kantian rights; 2) calculation and culture in management-Scientific Management and its scions against Human Relations and its scions; 3) democratic politics-the center-left against the center-right; and 4) individual and community welfare-personal self-realization against the good of the whole. This initial part of the paper assesses briefly the extent to which value competition in the four dimensions has contributed to enhanced social welfare in modern societies. In the second section, I argue that competing values can be understood as vehicles to align politicians, managers, professionals, and individuals with social welfare and to reduce the costs of their doing socially valuable work. The third section applies the agency perspective to each of the essay's four dimensions of value competition, analyzing how the alignment and misalignment of agents' incentives with social welfare occurs in the different types of value competition and the particular difficulties of achieving proper alignment in situations in which coercive authority is exercised. The fourth section examines ways in which a philosophy and sciences of value competition may support efforts to make societies and the institutions and people within them better. The fifth section contends that conditions in the early twenty-first century favor the birth and development of a science of value competition by comparison with conditions in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The final section of the paper reflects upon possible problems of nihilism and demoralization associated with a potential science of value competition.
The Freedom of Constraint: An Agent-Based Game Theoretic Model of The Politics of Fertility and Economic Development (POFED)

Combining system dynamics and agent based modeling approach (Abdollahian et al 2013), I formalize a simulation framework of the Politics of Fertility and Economic Development (POFED). First, I validate Feng et al (2'007 system dynamics model with the latest relative political capacity measurement developed by Kugler and Tammen (2012). Second, I fuse these endogenous attributes with non-cooperative game theory in an agent based framework to simulate the interactive political economic dynamics of individual intra-societal transactions. Third, I connect macro and micro level with policy levers of political extraction and allocation by merging system dynamics and agent based components. The multilevel architecture incorporates endogenously derived individual attribute changes from macro POFED theory and interactive, agent behavioral transactions that either increase or decrease individuals and ultimately societal productivity, stability and wealth. I explore the modelâs behavioral dynamics via simulation methods to identify paths towards economic development and political stability. Result shows the nonlinear relationship among economic and political variables, as well as different development patterns produced by different combinations of economic, social, and political shocks. Most governmentâs goals are to stay in power and increase political support, so they keep a high level of political stability and enhance economic growth. This research adds value to the field as it connects macro-micro levels within a single framework, and adds the interactive feedback effects of individual socio-economic transactions from a game theoretic approach.
Performance Evaluation of Integrated System to Model the Climate Change Impacts on Hydro-Geological Hazard

This paper provides the main results about the validation of the modeling chain used to estimate the variation in geo-hydrological hazard induced by Climate Changes (CC); it represents one of the milestone for year 2014 of GEMINA project within the work package A.2.17. In particular, the work package A.2.17 "Analysis of geological risk related to climate change" has as main goal the analysis of the impacts of Climate Changes on occurrence and magnitude of landslides, floods and low flows conditions on some specific contexts of the Mediterranean area. We show that the integrated system combines, in adequate way, high resolution regional climate scenarios, models of impacts and statistical downscaling techniques. In addition, this document contains a description of test cases on which the integrated system has been verified.
Solar Hydrogen Generation by Nanoscale p–n Junction of p-type Molybdenum Disulfide/n-type Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising candidate for solar hydrogen generation but it alone has negligible photocatalytic activity. In this work, 5–20 nm sized p-type MoS2 nanoplatelets are deposited on the n-type nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (n-rGO) nanosheets to form multiple nanoscale p–n junctions in each rGO nanosheet. The p-MoS2/n-rGO heterostructure shows significant photocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the wavelength range from the ultraviolet light through the near-infrared light. The photoelectrochemical measurement shows that the p-MoS2/n-rGO junction greatly enhances the charge generation and suppresses the charge recombination, which is responsible for enhancement of solar hydrogen generation. The p-MoS2/n-rGO is an earth-abundant and environmentally benign photocatalyst for solar hydrogen generation.
Legal aspects of infusion practice: trends and issues.

Inserting intravenous catheter lines, giving injections, handling and discarding sharps, and assisting with sterile procedures.these, and many other high-risk procedures are an ordinary part of the daily practice regimen for many nurses, especially those specializing in infusion therapy. In addition, nurses engaged in an infusion practice are subject to exposure to bloodborne diseases that can prove to be career-ending and fatal. Despite the frequency with which these high-risk procedures are performed, developing case law reveals the perils associated with these activities. Courts around the country have dealt with a number of issues that may be of interest to nurses who start IV catheters, give injections, handle and discard sharps, and assist with sterile procedures. In addition, a growing number of cases are focusing on the rights and responsibilities of healthcare professionals and patients who have been exposed to blood and blood products. This article will explore a number of those issues: the distinction that courts make between nonclinicians and professionals who suffer needlestick injuries or who are exposed to blood and blood products; the intersection between needlestick injuries and exposure to blood and blood products and the worker's compensation system; product liability causes of action; and emotional distress causes of action filed by healthcare professionals and others. It is hoped that this information will be instructive, and that the issues discussed herein will be considered when practice expectations are identified. If that happens, the clinical environment can be safer for nurses and patients.
Pest Event Scheduling System for Biological Monitoring and Pest Management

A computer-based system was developed to aid in the prediction of the occurrence of insect pests throughout Michigan. Two prediction systems were linked through computer software with sampling, weather data, temperature threshold, and biological information into a pest biological scheduling system (BIOSCHED). The first prediction system involves biological information for an array of pest events (e.g., first emergence) that are placed on computer files. These historical files contain records of field-observed events, the corresponding accumulation of degree-days, and the life stage of the pest. The second prediction system linked by BIOSCHED is the Predictive Extension Timing Estimator (PETE), which utilizes curve-filling techniques to predict pest events. A computer software system accesses current degree-days for each of the 61 Michigan weather stations and scans each pest's historical data record. Each time a pest event is predicted to occur within the range of the degree-day accumulations for a station, a record is written on a table indicating that the pest should be in a particular life stage at that station. The table produced by this method records the pest name, host crop, county, and weather station. This information is placed on the Pest Management Executive System (PMEX) and is used by field staff to assist in monitoring pest abundances and to optimize pest management decision making.
Metabolic Studies in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer. III. The Hepatic Concentrations of Vitamin A.

ConclusionsThe low plasma levels of vitamin A of patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract probably are not due to a decreased capacity of the livers of those patients to store the vitamin.
A 10 nW–1 $\upmu {\rm{W}}$ Power Management IC With Integrated Battery Management and Self-Startup for Energy Harvesting Applications

This paper presents a 10 nW–1 $\upmu{\rm{W}}$ power management IC with 3.2 nW quiescent power consumption for solar energy harvesting applications. The chip integrates a switch matrix that can be configured as a buck or a boost dc–dc converter using a single inductor as well as output voltage regulation logic, battery management block, and self-startup. The control circuit of the converter is designed in an asynchronous fashion that scales the effective switching frequency of the converter with the level of power transferred. The on-time of the converter switches adapts dynamically to the input and output voltages for peak-current control and zero-current switching. For input power of 500 nW, the proposed chip achieves an efficiency of 82%, including the control circuit overhead, while charging the energy storage device at 3 V from 0.5 V input. In buck mode, it achieves a peak efficiency of 87% and maintains efficiency greater than 80% for output power of 50 nW–1 $\upmu{\rm{W}}$ with input voltage of 3 V and output voltage of 1 V.
Integrating Building Code Compliance Checking into a 3D CAD System

This paper outlines an integrated framework for a building design system capable of automatically building code compliance checking. Most previous studies have focused on the processing of design codes for conformance checking. In this work, the author investigates 3D CAD (three dimensional Computer-Aided-Design) techniques to support automated code compliance checking during the design process. In particular, the paper addresses the following issues (1) Extraction of the knowledge from a building code document (e.g. International Building Code), and representation of the knowledge in a computer-interpretable format; (2) Data representation of building designs in a 3D CAD system. (3) Mapping building code information with building design information that enables the computer to assist designers with the automatic code compliance checking; and (4) Integration of the knowledge in building codes and the design knowledge into a computer framework. The proposed framework will be able to identify code requirements relevant to a particular building design and notify designers whether the design violates the building code.
Teaching NeuroImages: De novo absence status epilepticus in an adult.

A 52-year-old man was found wandering at night. He was oriented to name only with no other neurologic signs. Laboratory work, CSF analysis, and brain MRI were unremarkable. EEG (figure) showed profuse generalized spike wave activity. His symptoms and EEG normalized with levetiracetam. On recovery, the patient denied previous seizures but admitted to a benzodiazepine habit.
Native American Placenames Of The Southwest: A Handbook For Travelers

William Bright, well known to readers of Names, enjoyed a long and distinguished career as a linguist specializing in Native American and South Asian languages before his death in 2006. Bright’s re...
The evolution of wilderness social science and future research to protect experiences, resources, and societal benefits

The historic Wilderness Act celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2014, and wilderness social science shared a similar legacy. As paradoxical as it might seem, humans are an important part of wilderness, helping to define the very concept and representing an important component of wilderness use and management. Much of the past five decades of wilderness-related social science has focused on recreational use, documenting the impacts of recreation on wilderness resources and the quality of the wilderness experience, exploring application of the concept of recreational carrying capacity to wilderness, and developing planning and management frameworks for balancing the inherent tension between wilderness use and protecting the quality of wilderness resources and the experience of visiting wilderness. The Limits of Acceptable Change and related planning frameworks, including formulation of recreation-related indicators and standards, continues to help guide wilderness management today. Other programs of social science research have developed protocols for measuring and monitoring wilderness recreation, defined the root causes of conflict among wilderness users and identified management approaches to minimize this conflict, explored the appropriate and acceptable use of fees for wilderness use, and identified a growing suite of wilderness values. All of these programs of research and others that could not be included in this review article have helped guide wilderness management and policy. However, social science research has evolved as a function of changes in both wilderness and society. This evolution continues through a focus on public attitudes toward adaptation to climate change, public attitudes toward restoration in wilderness to correct past human intervention, appropriate use of technology in wilderness, and issues related to the relevance of wilderness in light of changes in society and use of public lands. This article tells the story of these changes in issues and the relationship between wilderness and the American people.
TH-AB-BRB-02: ET-Reloaded

Current state-of-the art digital C-arm medical linear accelerators are capable of delivering radiation treatments with high level of automation, which affords coordinated motions of gantry, couch, and multileaf collimator (MLC) with dose rate modulations. The new machine capacity has shown the potential to bring substantially improved radiation dosimetry and/or delivery efficiency to many challenging diseases. Combining an integrated beam orientation optimization algorithm with automated machine navigation, markedly improved dose conformity has been achieved using 4ρ therapy. Trajectory modulated radiation therapy (TMAT) can be used to deliver highly conformal dose to partial breast or to carve complex dose distribution for therapy involving extended volumes such as total marrow and total lymph node treatment. Dynamic electron arc radiotherapy (DEAR) not only overcomes the deficiencies of conventional electron therapy in dose conformity and homogeneity but also achieves so without patient-specific shields. The combination of MLC and couch tracking provides improved motion management of thoracic and abdominal tumors. A substantial body of work has been done in these technological advances for clinical translation. The proposed symposium will provide a timely review of these exciting opportunities. Learning Objectives: 1.Recognize the potential of using digitally controlled linacs for clinically significant improvements in delivered dose distributions for various treatment sites. 2.Identify existing approaches to treatment planning, optimization and delivery for treatment techniques utilizing the advanced functions of digital linacs and venues for further development and improvement. 3.Understand methods for testing and validating delivery system performance. 4.Identify tools available on current delivery systems for implementation and control for such treatments. 5.Obtain the update in clinical applications, trials and regulatory approval. K. Sheng, NIH U19AI067769, NIH R43CA183390, NIH R01CA188300, Varian Medical Systems V. Yu, Varian Medical Systems, AAPM Summer Undergraduate Fellowship, NSF graduate fellowship S. Nill, Elekta AB. Cancer Research UK under Programme C33589/A19727, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at The Royal Marsden and The Institute of Cancer Research.
Epilogue: Contemporary Utilitarianism

Since Moore’s Principia Ethica moral philosophy, at least in Britain and to a large extent in the English-speaking world, has passed through three phases. In the first Moore’s own combination of a consequentialist theory of right action with an intuitionist account of the indefinable property of goodness prevailed. Because of its definition of rightness in terms of consequences it was sometimes called ‘ideal utilitarianism’. But, given the strenuousness of Moore’s opposition to hedonism, the label is less naturally applicable to him than to the position of Rashdall, set out in his thorough and judicious Theory of Good and Evil (1907), a book superior to Moore’s by reason of its author’s notably greater capacity to understand, and, indeed, actual knowledge of, the history of ethical speculation. Rashdall includes pleasure, along with knowledge and virtue, among the ideal ends of conduct. The Moorean view was given a brilliantly concise expression in Russell’s ‘The Elements of Ethics’ (four essays first published in 1910 and brought together in his Philosophical Essays of that year).
Process evaluation of two participatory approaches: Implementing total worker health® interventions in a correctional workforce

BACKGROUND: Correctional Officers (COs) have among the highest injury rates and poorest health of all the public safety occupations. The HITEC-2 (Health Improvement Through Employee Control-2) study uses Participatory Action Research (PAR) to design and implement interventions to improve health and safety of COs. METHOD: HITEC-2 compared two different types of participatory program, a CO-only "Design Team" (DT) and "Kaizen Event Teams" (KET) of COs and supervisors, to determine differences in implementation process and outcomes. The Program Evaluation Rating Sheet (PERS) was developed to document and evaluate program implementation. RESULTS: Both programs yielded successful and unsuccessful interventions, dependent upon team-, facility-, organizational, state-, facilitator-, and intervention-level factors. CONCLUSIONS: PAR in corrections, and possibly other sectors, depends upon factors including participation, leadership, continuity and timing, resilience, and financial circumstances. The new PERS instrument may be useful in other sectors to assist in assessing intervention success. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Collisional-Radiative Modeling for Radiation Hydrodynamics Codes

Collisional-radiative models are used to provide material data to radiation hydrodynamics codes to model non-equilibrium conditions. Coupling the atomic kinetics to hydrodynamics and radiation transport presents multiple challenges, ranging from providing the required information over a wide range of conditions to maintaining energy conservation and numerical stability. We discuss some of the physical and numerical issues that arise and present modifications and extensions to the usual collisional-radiative formalism to address these issues.
Cancer Cell Properties

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses cancer cell properties. The chapter discusses several related concepts, including genome stability, cell adhesion and motility, and apoptosis. Proteins that regulate the cell cycle have been identified by studying inherited diseases that predispose to cancer and by genetic analyses of different tumor types. The life of a growing cell is cyclical in nature, which has four major phases during which specific cellular functions are performed—S-phase, M-phase, G 1 -phase, and G 2 -phase. The mutation rate of tumor cells must exceed that of normal cells and that tumors might require early mutational events that not only confer a growth advantage to the cell, but also lead to an increase in genomic instability. Cells metastasize to new sites through subsequent changes in the expression of proteins that regulate cell adhesion and motility. Adhesion between identical molecules is known as homophilic adhesion, whereas adhesion between distinct molecules is termed heterophilic adhesion. The combined effects of cellular adhesion, motility, and protease secretion must be considered when studying tumor progression and metastasis. Apoptosis is a tightly regulated process of cell death necessary for proper development and cell turnover and occurs in all multicellular organisms, its timing and specificity essential to both normal development and maintenance of tissue function. Apoptosis is biochemically and morphologically distinct from necrosis or cell death because of tissue injury. Comparative studies of normal and transformed cells have identified many of the proteins and processes that maintain the normal physiology of the cell. In conclusion, this information will lead to new therapies that can modulate the systems that are disrupted in tumors.
Categorical perception: effects of the extent and rate of spectral change

ABSTRACTTwo experiments evaluated a potential explanation of categorical perception (CP) for place of articulation – namely, that listeners derive limited information from rapid spectral changes. Experiment 1 examined vowel context effects for /b/–/d/ continua that included consonant–vowel tokens with F2 onset frequencies that varied systematically from the F2 frequencies of their corresponding steady-states. Phoneme categorisation sharply shifted with F2 direction at locations along the continuum where discrimination performance peaked, indicating CP. Experiment 2 compared findings for a replicated condition against conditions with vowels reduced to match consonant duration or consonants extended to match vowels. CP was similarly obtained for replicated and vowel-reduced conditions. However, listeners frequently perceived diphthongs centrally on the consonant-extended continuum. Some listeners demonstrated CP, although aggregate performance appeared more continuous. These experiments indicate a model bas...
Modulation of CD20 Expression in Rituximab-Sensitive (RSCL) and Rituximab Resistant Cell Lines (RRCL) Using IL-4 and Bryostatin-1.

Abstract While the use of rituximab in combination with chemotherapy resulted in an improved survival among various subtypes of B-cell lymphomas, a significant number of patients fail to respond or relapse as a consequence of intrinsic or acquired resistance. A change in CD20 antigen density expression is a potential mechanism to explain rituximab resistance. Moreover, several groups of investigators are focused in understanding the mechanisms that regulate CD20 expression and to develop therapeutic strategies to up-regulate CD20 expression (i.e. IL-4, GM-CSF or Bryostatin-1). Up-regulation of CD20 in DB and Ramos cells by Bryostatin-1 was found to be PKC and Erk dependent. In an attempt to characterize the mechanisms responsible for rituximab resistance we developed several RRCL derived from rituximab-sensitive RL and Raji cells. We have demonstrated a significant down-regulation of CD20mRNA and CD20 surface antigen in RRCL when compared to RSCL. In our present work we evaluated the mechanisms involved in the mRNA down-regulation of CD20 and the potential of IL-4 and Bryostatin-1 in modulating CD20 antigen expression among a panel of RRCL. To this end, RSCL and RRCL were treated with either 5ng/ml of IL-4 or 3 different doses of Bryostatin-1(1, 3 or 5ng/ml). Nuclear and cytosolic extract were also obtained from RSCL RL and RRCL RL-4RH after 24, 48 and 74 hrs exposure to IL-4 (5ng/ml) or control. Differences in the expression of key regulatory transcription factors for B-cell lymphocyte development (PU.1, Oct-2, Pax5, E2A and EBF) were studied by Western Blotting. Previously, we found a significant down-regulation of CD20 antigen in the RRCL. An up-regulation of cytosolic and surface CD20 was detected in RRCL exposed to either IL-4 or Bryostatin by western blotting and flow cytometric analysis. Besides, a higher expression of Pax5, PU.1, EBF was found in nuclear fractions of RRCL when compared to RSCL. In vitro exposure of RRCL to IL-4 decreases the expression of PU.1, Oct-2, Pax5 and EBF in nuclear extracts from RSCL or RRCL when compared with controls treated cells. Our data suggest that rituximab resistance is associated with the up-regulation of transcription factors PU.1, Oct-2, Pax5 and EBF and concomitant suppression of CD20 antigen. Future study of how these agents induce CD20 expression in RRCL will provide a potential means to reversing resistance towards rituximab treatment.
Mobility-aware centralized D2D caching networks

The increase in demand for spectrum-based services forms a bottleneck in wireless networks. Device-to-Device (D2D) caching networks tackle this problem by exploiting users behavior predictability and the possibility of sharing data between them to alleviate network congestion. Usually, network congestion occurs at certain times of the day and in some popular locations. Consequently, the information about user's demand alone is not enough. Capturing mobility statistics allows Service Providers (SPs) to enhance their caching strategies. In this work, we introduce a mobility-aware centralized D2D caching network where a SP harnesses users demand and mobility statistics to minimize the incurred service cost through an optimal caching policy. However, the complexity of the optimal caching policy grows exponentially with the number of users. Therefore, we discuss a greedy caching algorithm which has a polynomial order complexity. We also use this greedy algorithm to establish upper and lower bounds on the proactive service gain achieved by the optimal caching policy.
Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products (DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes. The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon (PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than 67% ammonia and 70%-100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite (except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole (DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors (dimethylamine (DMA), ethylmethylamine (EMA), diethylamine (DEA), dipropylamine (DPA), trimethylamine (TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process.
Production of Microbial Leather from Culled Sweet Potato Sugars via Kombucha Culture

The sweet potato industry is confronted during most growing seasons with an abundance of potatoes that are not appealing to consumers for use as table stock or fresh produce. These process grade roots do not garner as high a value as premium grade sweet potatoes. The purpose of this investigation was to extract sucrose from culled sweet potatoes and using a modification of available recipes, manipulate the kombucha culture to create a bio-based microbial leather.While the production of "grow your own leather" is not a new concept, approaching the process from a chemical and biological engineering perspective provides potential for a sustainable leather product. Additionally, the value loss for sweet potato farmers with higher percentages of culled crop can be devastating.
Behavioral Symptoms of Reported Abuse in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Inpatient Settings

The objective of this study was to examine how behavioral manifestations of trauma due to abuse are expressed in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) compared outcomes between patients with a caregiver reported history of abuse and those without. Findings indicate that patients with ASD and reported abuse (i.e. physical, sexual, and/or emotional) have more intrusive thoughts, distressing memories, loss of interest, irritability, and lethargy than those without reported maltreatment. Those with clinical diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had more severe and externalized symptoms than those with reported abuse not diagnosed with PTSD. Results emphasize the need for trauma screening measures to guide evidence-based treatments for children with ASD.
Continuous oral cyclophosphamide as salvage or maintenance therapy in ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancers: A retrospective, single institute study

Abstract Objective Most patients with recurrent ovarian cancer are treated with multiple regimens of intravenous salvage chemotherapy. These anticancer agents often cause severe toxicities and offset their therapeutic effects. The present study assessed the experience of a single institute regarding the safety and treatment outcomes of continuous oral cyclophosphamide in patients with ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube cancers. Materials and methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients who received oral cyclophosphamide as salvage or maintenance therapy. All the patients had received platinum plus paclitaxel as the front line chemotherapy before being enrolled in the study. Oral cyclophosphamide 50 or 100 mg daily was administered. The response rate, progression-free survival, and side effects were evaluated. Results Twenty patients were eligible for analysis, and 18 patients (90%) initially had FIGO stage IIIC disease. Most patients were heavily pretreated with the median number of previous chemotherapy regimens being 4 (range 1–8). Seventeen patients received oral cyclophosphamide as salvage therapy. Complete and partial responses were obtained in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. Five patients were classified as having stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 15 weeks (range 5–60 weeks). Three patients received oral cyclophosphamide as maintenance therapy in the remission status. The remission duration was maintained for 18, 28, and 67 weeks. Grade 2–3 myelosuppression was the only side effect. Conclusion Continuous oral cyclophosphamide can be used as an alternative salvage therapy in recurrent ovarian cancer with an acceptable response rate and toxicity. Additional clinical trials are required to evaluate its efficacy as maintenance therapy.
X-ray source development for EXAFS measurements on the National Ignition Facility

Extended X-ray absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurements require a bright, spectrally smooth, and broad-band x-ray source. In a laser facility, such an x-ray source can be generated by a laser-driven capsule implosion. In order to optimize the x-ray emission, different capsule types and laser irradiations have been tested at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). A crystal spectrometer is used to disperse the x-rays and high efficiency image plate detectors are used to measure the absorption spectra in transmission geometry. EXAFS measurements at the K-edge of iron at ambient conditions have been obtained for the first time on the NIF laser, and the requirements for optimization have been established.
Review: Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine, by Zohar Amar and Efraim Lev

Zohar Amar and Efraim Lev, Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017. xiv, 290 pp., 35 color plates, 7 black and white tables, 1 black and white map. 80£. ISBN: 9780748697816. Zohar Amar is a Professor in the Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology and Director of the Unit on the History of Medicine at Bar-Ilan University, Israel who has written extensively on the identification and movement of plants in the pre-modern world, including a study attempting to identify all of the flora in the Bible. Efraim Lev is a Professor in the Department of Israel Studies and Head of The Interdisciplinary Center for the Broader Application of Genizah Research at the University of Haifa, Israel who focuses more specifically on the history of medieval materia medica. Together Amar and Lev have produced a study of the impact on medieval Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, and European medicine of drugs introduced to those regions following the Arab conquests of the seventh and eighth centuries. The two have collaborated in research and writing for several years, and they laid the groundwork for this study in a series of joint publications on subjects included in this volume. Arabian Drugs in Early Medieval Mediterranean Medicine will be an essential resource for years to come. Its descriptions of new medicinal substances traveling from East to West now provide the growing number of scholars from a variety of fields interested in the history of materia medica with introductions to the origins, movements, uses, and even physical appearances of those substances. Amar and Lev have divided their work into four chapters of unequal length. In the first chapter, which also serves as an introduction, they briefly trace the geopolitical effects of the …
Serpentine Supravenous Hyperpigmentation in an HIV Patient Receiving R-CHOP for DLBCL

Serpentine supravenous hyperpigmentation (SSH) is a rare vasculo-cutaneous entity that has been associated with peripheral infusion of chemotherapy agents, in particular 5-FU1-3, but also seen with docetaxel4,5, fotemustine6, and vinorelbine7. It consists of a marked hyperpigmentation along the superficial network of veins proximal to the chemotherapy infusion site and was originally described in a 1976 case report in association with 5-FU1. Here, for the first time, we report SSH in association with R-CHOP chemotherapy.