cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling answerer behavior in collaborative question answering systems

A key functionality in Collaborative Question Answering (CQA) systems is the assignment of the questions from information seekers to the potential answerers. An attractive solution is to automatically recommend the questions to the potential answerers with expertise or interest in the question topic. However, previous work has largely ignored a key problem in question recommendation - namely, whether the potential answerer is likely to accept and answer the recommended questions in a timely manner. This paper explores the contextual factors that influence the answerer behavior in a large, popular CQA system, with the goal to inform the construction of question routing and recommendation systems. Specifically, we consider when users tend to answer questions in a large-scale CQA system, and how answerers tend to choose the questions to answer. Our results over a dataset of more than 1 million questions draw from a real CQA system could help develop more realistic evaluation methods for question recommendation, and inform the design of future question recommender systems.
The Behavior of Compliance

The environmental decade has been described as long on symbolic response to pollution and short on effective controls. A concomitant view is that environmental laws are so legislated and so administered that meaningful compliance is rare. Statistics on noncompliance (Chapters 1 and 2) and arguments against strategies for getting compliance (Chapter 3) generate negative views of the efficacy of environmental law.
DIFFERENTIATION OF EXOTOXIN AND OTHER BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN PSEUDOMONAS PSEUDOMALLEI FILTRATES

Abstract Heckly, Robert J. (University of California, Berkeley). Differentiation of exotoxin and other biologically active substances in Pseudomonas pseudomallei filtrates. J. Bacteriol. 88:1730–1736. 1964.—Denaturing agents such as phenol, formaldehyde, and urea reduced lethal toxicity and proteolytic activity of partially purified preparations from Pseudomonas pseudomallei at about the same rate. Neither toxin nor enzyme was stable at pH 11, when the solution was adjusted with sodium hydroxide, but there was a slight difference in their rates of inactivation. However, under certain conditions, ammonium hydroxide destroyed most of the enzymatic activity with only a slight effect on lethality. Conversely, toxin was less stable in acid solutions than was the enzyme. Thus, treatment with ammonium hydroxide or acetic acid yielded preparations with either a low or a high enzyme-to-toxin ratio, indicating that lethality was not dependent on enzyme activity. Although proteolysis of any one of the essential factors in the blood coagulation system can inhibit clotting of blood, the potent anticoagulant activity of culture filtrates was not associated with its proteolytic activity, but was directly correlated with lethal toxicity. It is of considerable interest that the necrotoxicity was, however, associated with enzymatic activity and not with lethality. Serological reactivity of the enzyme, as well as its proteolytic activity, was altered by ammonium hydroxide. Similarly, antigenicity and toxicity of the lethal toxin were reduced by acidification. Each acid- or alkali-treated preparation produced a single precipitin line in double diffusion in agar when reacted with antisera produced by injection of crude filtrate. Partially purified preparations, having both lethal and enzymatic activity, produced two lines, one identifiable with the enzyme preparation, and one with the toxin. Furthermore, specific precipitation with the respective antisera removed either enzyme or toxin from crude preparations. Therefore, the lethal exotoxin and proteolytic enzyme are separable entities.
Neutrino-pair production by photons

Cross section for electron and muon neutrino- antineutrino pair production by photons, using intermediate boson theory
Specific Assembly with the NMDA Receptor 3B Subunit Controls Surface Expression and Calcium Permeability of NMDA Receptors

The NMDA receptor 3B (NR3B) subunit is the most recently identified member of the NMDA receptor family. In heterologous cells, it has been shown to reduce the Ca2+ permeability of glutamatergic receptor complexes formed together with NR1 and NR2 subunits and to form the unique excitatory glycine receptor complex with the NR1 subunit. However, it is unclear whether NR3B protein is expressed in and exerts similar functions in neurons. In addition, it is not understood how NR3B interacts with NR1 and NR2 and how such an interaction may regulate the membrane trafficking of the NMDA receptor complex. Here we report that our analysis using an antibody specific for NR3B showed that the NR3B protein is selectively expressed in somatic motor neurons in the brainstem of adult mice. Coimmunoprecipitation and electrophysiological analyses demonstrated that NR3B, when exogenously introduced into hippocampal neurons, can coassemble with endogenous NR1 and NR2A and can reduce the Ca2+ permeability of NMDA currents. In contrast, NR3B was not involved in the excitatory glycine response in neurons under our test conditions. Although NR1 or NR3B alone cannot be transported to the cell surface, coexpression of these subunits mutually supported transport of the NMDA receptor complex by interaction involving the specific regions of the C terminus of NR3B. These results indicate that NR3B may modulate the function of NMDA receptors in somatic motor neurons during adulthood by controlling membrane trafficking and by reducing Ca2+ permeability.
Imitating Christ's Cross: Lonergan and Girard on How and Why

The article begins with the gospels’ admonition to take up one's cross and asks how Christians might understand Christ's work on the cross so that we might better imitate or participate in it. Using tools from recent advances in literary analysis and systematic theology, the article attempts to provide some answer to this question. It considers contemporary feminist and liberation theologians’ criticism of the common but problematic interpretation of Christ's cross, what is often called ‘substitutionary penal atonement.’ It compares this with Anselm's atonement theory of satisfaction and Bernard Lonergan's and Rene Girard's analysis of the cross as a communication of love that invites others into loving relationship. With these interpretations of Christ's work, it concludes with some thoughts on how Christians might take up their own daily crosses.
Performing History and Constructing ‘Culture’: Ronnie Govender's 1949 and the Romanticism of Historical Memory

Though both South Asian and South African literary and cultural studies boast deep critical traditions, rarely have critics specifically focused on dramatic literature and the performative acts of Indian South Africans. Theatre – as an aesthetic genre as well as a social institution – has been remarkably under-theorised within Indian Ocean communities, even though its power in Indian South African communities and within South African history and culture has been amply documented and analysed In theatre studies of South Asia, scholars have pushed new frontiers about the studies of colonial modern theatre as well as post-independence Indian theatres, inspired by a performance-studies turn, but the push to link theatre and performance studies with Indian Ocean, and migrant, contexts has yet to fully manifest within scholarly circles. Through an examination of Ronnie Govender's play 1949, this article argues that theatre as a medium offers the opportunity to create specific versions of history and community i...
Renormalization and Scaling of Non-Abelian Gauge Fields in Curved Space-Time

I t is well known that in f l a t space-time non-abelian gauge f i e l d theories are renormalizable and asymptot ical ly free. In view of the absence of a theorem stat ing that f lat-space renormal izab i l i t y implies renorma l i zab i l i t y in more general spacetimes, one must examine each theory i nd i v i dua l l y . This is a b r ie f summary of work by my student Todd K. Leen showing that non-abelian gauge f i e lds in curved spacetime are renormalizable at the one-loop leve l ; and that the property of asymptotic freedom is preserved. 1 Renormal izabi l i ty of these theories has been proved independent ly by David J. Toms. 2 In the present work, i t is shown that gauge invariance, as expressed through the Taylor-Slavnov i den t i t i e s , insures that no curvature-dependent divergences occur in the vector two-point funct ion, The divergences in the ghost two-point funct ion and the ghost-vector-ghost vertex are extracted using local momentum space expansions for the propagators. As with the vector two-point funct ion, no curvature-dependent divergences are found. Thus, these three Green functions are rendered f i n i t e by the usual Hinkowski space counterterms. I t then fol lows from gauge invariance, that the threeand four-vector vertex functions are f i n i t e . F ina l l y , renormalization group arguments are used to show that the theory remains asymptot ical ly free in curved space-time. We f i r s t establ ish notat ion. The gauge group is denoted ~ and i t s associated Lie algebra T~. The gauge covariant der ivat ive is wr i t ten
Mineral Nutrition of Sunflowers

Autotrophic plants generally require—in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen which they obtain from carbon dioxide, water and molecular oxygen—thirteen elements which they absorb as inorganic ions (Table 22-I). Six of these elements are required in greater amounts than the others and are called “macronutrient” or “major” elements. They are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium. The seven “micronutrient,” “minor,” or “trace” elements are iron, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, chlorine and molybdenum. Several elements are required by some species but not by others. For example, sodium is required for certain blue-green algae and halophytes (e.g.symbionts, although it has not been demonstrated to be essential for green plants. Silicon is indispensable for diatoms, and vanadium is reported to be essential for one green alga (Scenedesmus obliquus).Atriplex vesicaria). Cobalt is a micronutrient for some microorganisms and Table 22-I. Essential Elements Absorbed as Inorganic Ions by Most Autotrophic Plants1 Element Symbol Ion(s) most commonly absorbed Approx. conc. in dry tissues (ppm) Approx. optimum conc. in nutrient solution (mg atoms/liter) Micronutrient elements Molybdenum Mo MoO4 = 0.1 0.0001 Copper Cu Cu+, Cu++ 6 0.0003 Zinc Zn Zn++ 20 0.001 Manganese Mn Mn++ 50 0.01 Iron Fe Fe++ Fe+++ 100 0.1 Boron B BO3 ≡, B4O7 = 20 0.05 Chlorine Cl Cl− 100 0.05 Macronutrient elements Nitrogen N NO3 −, NH4 + 15,000 15 Potassium K K+ 10,000 5 Calcium Ca Ca++ 5,000 3 Phosphorus P H2PO4 −, HPO4 = 2,000 2 Magnesium Mg Mg++ 2,000 1 Sulfur S SO4 = 1,000 1
Artifacts in sensitivity-enhanced HSQC.

Proton-proton coupling can generate artifacts in sensitivity-enhanced HSQC spectra. These artifacts appear as cross-peaks involving remote protons. They are caused by relayed coherence transfer during the back-transfer portion of the pulse sequence. We present a product operator analysis of artifact formation and experimental results which demonstrate that the magnitude of these artifacts can exceed 10% of the main peak.
Molecular profiling of metastatic tumor progression of a murine squamous cell carcinoma by differential display and cDNA microarray reveals dysregulated expression of genes related to the nuclear factor-κb signal pathway

Molecular profiling of metastatic tumor progression of a murine squamous cell carcinoma by differential display and cDNA microarray reveals dysregulated expression of genes related to the nuclear factor-κb signal pathway
Is the rush to all-ceramic crowns justified?

There have been numerous obvious and unprecedented changes in the dental laboratory profession over the last several years. One of the most rapid changes has been the movement from handcrafted porcelainfused-to-metal (PFM) crowns and fixed prostheses to milled ceramic restorations. It is estimated that currently at least one-half of U.S. dental laboratories are providing in-house or outsourced milled crowns and fixed prostheses (B. Napier, chief staff executive, National Association of Dental Laboratories, written communication, Oct. 8, 2013). The most popular type of crown is ceramic without any metal substructure. The table provides comparative data for the years 2007 and 2013 as recorded for roughly 1 million units of crowns and fixed prostheses in the United States (J. Shuck, vice president for sales and marketing, Glidewell Dental Laboratories, written communication, Oct. 7, 2013). The most popular types of ceramic crowns in 2013, as recorded by Glidewell, were full-zirconia, zirconia-based (zirconia coping with ceramic fired or pressed on as a laminate) and lithium disilicate (IPS e.max, Ivoclar Vivadent, Amherst, N.Y.). For this article, I use the phrase “ceramic crowns” to indicate these three types, although several other types still are available. Other ceramic crowns constituted only a small percentage of the market in comparison with the three major types. The change from PFM to allceramic crowns over the past several years has been one of the fastest and most significant paradigm changes in the history of dentistry. In my opinion, some of the factors stimulating this shift have been dpublic demand for tooth-colored crowns; dobserved success of the current generation of all-ceramic crowns; dthe reduced laboratory costs for dentists for all-ceramic crowns; dthe high cost of metals used in PFM crowns, which motivate dentists to prescribe nonmetal crowns; dease of milling all-ceramic crowns when compared with fabricating PFM crowns; drapid growth and success of milling technology; dlaboratory acceptance of milling as state of the art.
U.S. Gulf of Mexico continental shelf - An ecological overview

Trawl catch data representing over two and a half million fishes and penaeid shrimp and taken from the U.S. Gulf of Mexico continental shelf from the Rio Grande to the Florida Keys have been used to map the seasonal density distribution patterns of individual species and of species aggregates. The panoramic view of faunal distribution, thus obtained, provides a strong basis for informed management of the marine biological resources of this area.
A history of the development of black radio networks in the United States

This study examines and documents the history and development of black radio networks in the United States. Historians have explored the history of network broadcasting in the U.S., but little attention has been given to the origins and development of black radio networks. The findings of this article reveal that although these networks are similar to other networks in the country, their mission and philosophy is very different in that black radio networks go a step further by attempting to target the specific needs of the black community.
Context, interest relativity and the sorites

According to what I will call a contextualist solution to the sorites paradox, vague terms are context-sensitive, and one can give a convincing dissolution of the sorites paradox in terms of this context-dependency. The reason, according to the contextualist, that precise boundaries for expressions like ‘heap’ or ‘tall for a basketball player’ are so difficult to detect is that when two entities are sufficiently similar (or saliently similar), we tend to shift the interpretation of the vague expression so that if one counts as falling in the extension of the property expressed by that expression, so does the other. As a consequence, when we look for the boundary of the extension of a vague expression in its penumbra, our very looking has the effect of changing the interpretation of the vague expression so that the boundary is not where we are looking. This accounts for the persuasive force of sorites arguments. Suppose we are presented with fifty piles each of which has one grain less than the pile to its left. On the far left is a pile we are strongly inclined to call a heap when presented alone. This pile is in the definite extension of ‘heap’. On the far right is a pile we are slightly inclined not to call a heap when presented alone. It is towards the end of the penumbra of ‘heap’. But starting with the left-most pile (pile 1), we may make progressive judgements of the form:
Inpainting of Binary Images Using the Cahn–Hilliard Equation

Image inpainting is the filling in of missing or damaged regions of images using information from surrounding areas. We outline here the use of a model for binary inpainting based on the Cahn-Hilliard equation, which allows for fast, efficient inpainting of degraded text, as well as super-resolution of high contrast images
Site preparation influences on below ground competing vegetation and loblolly pine seedling growth

The relationship between competing vegetation characteristics (above and below ground dry weights, length and surface area) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) seedling characteristics were examined on a southern coastal plain soil of north-west Louisiana. Four site preparations techniques were used as treatments; chop and burn, windrow, fuelwood harvest, and fuelwood harvest followed by an application of herbicide. The more intensive site preparation treatments (chop and burn, windrow, and fuelwood harvest followed by a herbicide) had less root and above ground competition than the fuelwood treatment. The fuelwood treatment ranked lowest in pine seedling height, ground line diameter, pine root length, and pine root surface area and highest in terms of competing vegetation characteristics. Regression relationships between pine roots and competing vegetation root characteristics indicated that seedling ground line diameter is inversely related to quantities of competing vegetation roots.
Use of Currency Options to Enhance Exchange Rate Forecasts

Since the early 1980s, currency options have become a popular means for hedging foreign currency positions or speculating on anticipated movements in exchange rates. Yet, they can also be used to enhance the forecasting of exchange rates. Corporate forecasts of exchange rates involve two tasks: (1) a point estimate of a currency's exchange rate, and (2) a confidence interval that suggests the degree of uncertainty associated with the point estimate forecast. A currency forward or futures price is often used as the point estimate required. The confidence interval is commonly developed by using the historical volatility of exchange rate movements. However, an alternative method is to use the market's anticipated volatility in developing the confidence interval. Scott and Tucker (1990) have shown that the volatility implied from contemporaneous currency option prices is a better forecast of future volatility than historical measures. Therefore, a confidence interval implied by currency options should also be more reliable. Our objective is to illustrate how confidence intervals can be developed from currency option information. Given the degree of difficulty in forecasting exchange rates, more reliable confidence intervals could greatly improve managerial decisions.
Paper 25: Two-Dimensional Subsonic Flow in a Parallel Diffuser

From the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy, predictions are made of subsonic flow conditions between parallel surfaces of infinite depth under the influence of a positive pressure gradient. The model employed presupposes a boundary layer outside a main stream across which the flow parameters are uniform. The theory suggests limitations on boundary-layer thickness, and indicates velocity profiles differing substantially from that of a conventional turbulent boundary layer. Owing to momentum exchange between the free stream and the boundary layer, limitations on the static pressure ratio and the length of the diffuser also appear to be implied.
QUALIFYING MY FAITH IN THE COMMON SCHOOL IDEAL: A NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR DEMOCRATIC JUSTICE

In this essay, Kathleen Knight Abowitz makes the case that charter schooling can enable multiple publics to develop and create educational visions. Charter schooling policies can enable these publics to pursue these visions and agendas on behalf of both public and common educational goals as well as goals associated with particular identities and interests. This vision of a plural public sphere, with its movement away from purely state-run traditional public schools, challenges the common school ideal that has been part of the Western nation-state narrative for several centuries. Yet the common school ideal need not focus on one particular kind of school structure; rather, the ideal represents a moral claim: that schools receiving public funds should provide participatory parity to all students, achieved through educational structures and curriculum shaped by principles of democratic justice. Participatory parity and its guiding normative principles, Knight Abowitz concludes, help to qualify and clarify our faith in the common school ideal shaped for a new era.
Multi-matrix models from jet coefficients☆

Abstract We present a very natural framework in which to discuss multi-matrix models of two-dimensional quantum gravity. Multi-matrix model actions, string equations, and other quantities can be compactly expressed in terms of the jets of the resolvents of the relevant differential operators. This allows one to write down equations describing minimal matter coupled to two-dimensional quantum gravity directly in terms of known functionals.
Lactose transport mutants of Escherichia coli resistant to inhibition by the phosphotransferase system

Abstract The lactose carrier activity of Escherichia coli in inhibited by the binding of dephosphorylated glucose enzyme III. Saier et al. (1978) J. Bacteriol. 133, 1358–1367) isolated lac Y mutants that escaped this inhibition. This communication reports the cloning and sequencing of one of the Saier mutants and the isolation, cloning and sequencing of another similar mutant. Both mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions on the middle cytoplasmic loop of the carrier (alanine-198 to valine and serine-209 to isoleucine). It is concluded that this cytoplasmic loop may be one of the sites of binding of glucose enzyme III.
Morphologic studies of connective tissue resorption in the tail fin of metamorphosing bullfrog tadpole.

Abstract The sequential morphologic changes in bullfrog tadpole tail fin during thyroxine-induced metamorphosis were observed by phase contrast and electron microscopy. The earliest change was fraying and separation of the collagenous layers and fibrils of the basement lamella, soon followed by invasion of the lamella from below by mesenchymal cells. The cytoplasm of these cells filled with bundles of collagen fibrils suggesting phagocytosis of the fibrils. The lamella swelled tenfold from a compact 6–7 μ layer to a diffuse fragmented region filled with large mesenchymal cells. The extracellular collagen fibrils showed great changes in diameter and density, the amount of filamentous material increasing as the fibrils diminished in number. Changes in epithelial cells and adepidermal membrane are also described. The morphologic sequences are correlated with knowledge concerning degradative enzyme systems found in tail fin, resulting in a speculation on the mechanism of connective tissue resorption during metamorphosis.
Effects of combined hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride versus single drug on changes in salt taste and intake.

Abstract Hydrochlorothiazide stimulates salt intake without altering salivary or gustatory function. Amiloride reportedly reduces salivary sodium levels and salt taste. It was hypothesized that these unintended drug actions would be attenuated by concurrent use of these 2 diuretics. Normotensive adults (n = 23) were administered placebo for 2 weeks, active combination drug Moduretic ® for 4 weeks, and placebo again for 2 weeks in a double-blind protocol. Salivary flow, gustatory function and sodium intake were monitored at the end of each period, together with selected physiologic measures (i.e., plasma aldosterone, plasma renin activity, body composition, blood pressure and heart rate). No significant changes were observed for salivary flow, salt taste or sodium intake. These findings indicate that amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide used in combination can reduce drug effects that may compromise the efficacy of either drug when used alone.
Parallel constraint-based generative theories of language

A re-evaluation of the goals and techniques of generative grammar since the mid-1960s suggests that its mentalistic/biological program for describing language is still sound and has been borne out by subsequent developments. Likewise, the idea of a generative system of combinatorial rules has led to a tremendous expansion of our understanding of linguistic phenomena. However, certain fundamental features of the versions of generative grammar based on Chomsky's work prevent the theory from making deep liaisons with related fields such as language processing and neuroscience. Perhaps the most prominent of these is the assumption that all creative aspects of language stem from syntactic structure. In this article, I propose a model of generative grammar that generalizes features of several, alternative, non-Chomskyan generative frameworks. In this model, language is seen as composed of three independent generative components (phonological, syntactic, and semantic/conceptual structure), whose respective structures are placed in correspondence by 'interface components'. Besides being able to incorporate a host of purely linguistic facts, this view leads to a more direct relationship between the theory of grammar and the theory of lexical and grammatical processing.
KINETICS OF BROMIDE OXIDATION BY PEROXO COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM(VI) AND TUNGSTEN(VI)

Abstract The kinetics of bromide oxidation by several peroxo complexes of molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) wre studied. All system obey the rate law d[Br + ]/d t = k [etal complex][Br − ]. At pH 1.0, we quantify the initial rate of bromine production by the spectrophotometric monitoring of the disappearance of fluorescein. The complexes and their rate constants at pH 1.0 and 25°C are MoO(O 2 )(ntal) − (nta = nitrilotriacelate ( k = (1.64 ± 0.82) × 10 −4 M −1 s −1 ), MoO(O 2 )(dipic) (H 2 O (dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) k = (5.1 ± 0.2) × 10 −4 M −1 s −1 ), WO(O 2 )(dipic)H 2 O) k = (2.79 ± 0.02) × 10 −2 M −1 s −1 ), MoO(O 2 ) 2 (pic) − (pic = pyridine-2-carboxylate) ( k = (1.633 ± 0.001) × 10 −1 M −1 s −1 and MoO(O 2 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ( k = 6.12 ± 0.03) × 10 −1 M −1 s −1 . At pH 5.0, the initial rates were measured spectrophotometrically by the production of bromophenol blue from phenol red. The complexes and their rate constants at pH 5.0 and 25°C are MoO(O 2 ) 2 (OH)(H 2 O) − ( k = (8 ± 1) × 10 −4 M −1 s −1 ), WO(O 2 ) 2 (OH)(H 2 O) − ( k = (8.3 ± 0.7) × 10 −3 M −1 s −1 ) and WO(O 2 ) 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2− ( k = (1.3 ± 0.2) × 10 −2 M −1 s −1 ). The 17 O chemical shifts for the peroxo groups of MoO(O 2 )(ntal) − (501 ppm), MoO(O 2 )(dipic)(H 2 O) (537 ppm), WO(O 2 )(dipic)(H 2 O) (364 ppm), MoO(O 2 ) 2 (pic) − (434 ppm) and WO(O 2 ) 2 (C 2 O 4 ) t– (368 ppm) were measured afte enrichment with H 2 17 O 2 . As expected, these values correlate with the reciprocal of the transition energies of the electronic spectra. The values ν (MoO) = 930 cm −1 and β (OO) = 900 cm −1 for MoO(O 2 )(nta) − are consistent with the vibrational features of similar compounds. The relationship between the spectroscopic properties and reactivity toward bromide oxidation follows previously observed patterns and may allow the reactivity of peroxometal complexes to be predicted from spectroscopic information.
The mechanism of methane formation from the reaction between graphite and hydrogen

Monolayer etch pits formed on the basal plane of graphite by hydrogen are hexagonal in shape and are bounded by {101l} zigzag edge faces. The reaction is also studied by using extended Huckel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations with geometry optimization, where H atoms are added to the edge surface carbon and these carbon atoms are allowed to deform from the original positions corresponding to the graphite structure to reach the equilibrium positions. The EHMO/geometry optimization results indicate that the zigzag edge face is more reactive than the {112l} armchair face before and after one H is chemisorbed on the surface atom. However, a reversal in the relative reactivity occurs after the second H addition; the CC bond on the armchair face becomes weaker and carbon atoms become more reactive for the third H chemisorption. Breakage of CC bonds takes place upon the third H addition, and this step is the rate-limiting step for CH4 formation.
Generalized hurdle count data regression models

Abstract This paper considers generalized hurdle models suitable for the analysis of overdispersed or underdispersed count data. The first stage allows for asymmetric departures from the binary logit model. An application using Medicaid utilization data is given.
Proxy caching that estimates page load delays

Abstract Do users wait less if proxy caches incorporate estimates of the current network conditions into document replacement algorithms? To answer this, we explore two new caching algorithms: (1) keep in the cache documents that take the longest to retrieve; and (2) use a hybrid of several factors, trying to keep in the cache documents from servers that take a long time to connect to, that must be loaded over the slowest Internet links, that have been referenced the most frequently, and that are small. The algorithms work by estimating the Web page download delays or proxy-to-Web server bandwidth using recent page fetches. The new algorithms are compared to the best three existing policies—LRU, LFU, and SIZE—using three measures-user response time and ability to minimize Web server loads and network bandwidth consumed—on workloads from Virginia Tech and Boston University.
Separation of aromatic nitrogen compounds into compound-class types using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation of aromatic nitrogen model compounds known to be present in solvent refined coal liquids. Three commercially available stationary phases, silica, cyano-silica, and amino-silica, were investigated with model compounds and various n-heptane-2-propanol mobile phases. Only the amino-silica stationary phase with n-heptane-2-propanol (85:15) as mobile phase was able to separate the aromatic nitrogen containing model compounds into three main compound-class groups.
The Feasibility, Diagnostic Yield, and Learning Curve of Portable Echocardiography for Out-of-Hospital Cardiovascular Disease Screening

Background The reduction in the size of full-capability echocardiographic machines facilitates "out-of-hospital" transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Data documenting the feasibility, yield, and logistical considerations of out-of-hospital TTE for preparticipation evaluation of athletes are sparse. Methods A multiyear study was conducted to examine the role of 12-lead electrocardiography for athlete screening in which TTE was used to document or exclude underlying structural heart disease. Using a commercially available portable transthoracic echocardiographic system, the rate of technically adequate imaging, diagnostic yield, and the time required for the completion of TTE (including setup, performance, and interpretation) were examined. TTE was performed in university medical offices and at "out-of-office" athletic facilities. Measurements were recorded during each year of the study to determine the impact of targeted attempts to improve efficiency. Results Four hundred sixty-seven of 510 participants had transthoracic echocardiographic images that were technically adequate for complete interpretation (imaging success rate, 92%). Echocardiographic evidence of physiologic, exercise-induced cardiac remodeling was observed in 110 of 510 (22%). Cardiac abnormalities with relevance to sports participation risk were detected in 11 of 508 participants (2.2%). Over 3 years, the average time for the completion of TTE (including setup, imaging, and interpretation) decreased (year 1, 17.4 ± 3 min; year 2, 14.0 ± 2.1 min; year 3, 11.0 ± 1.8 min; P Conclusions Community-based TTE in athletes is feasible and is associated with a high rate of technically adequate imaging. Importantly, there appears to be a significant learning curve associated with out-of-hospital TTE.
Anatomic properties of the upper eyelid in Asian Americans.

BACKGROUND With increasing demand for “double eyelid” surgery within the United States, it becomes prudent for U.S. surgeons to become familiar with Asian eyelid anatomy. OBJECTIVE To identify and describe anatomic characteristics of the Asian upper eyelid. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive series of 9 Korean-American and 10 Chinese-American subjects. Standardized photographs of the eyes were analyzed. Three types of eyelid anatomy were described: single eyelid, low eyelid crease, and double eyelid. RESULTS The incidence rate for the three types of eyelid anatomies varied between Chinese and Korean Americans. The mean palpebral fissure height, width, and inclination were not statistically different between the two populations. A few subjects had asymmetric eyelid configurations. Chinese American and Korean American double eyelids tended to flare up laterally when the eye was open. The mean double eyelid crease height at the medial limbus was 3.7 ± 1.1 mm, and the mean height at the lateral limbus 4.6 ± 1.0 mm. This difference was statistically significant (p CONCLUSION Eyelid anatomies vary in different Asian Americans. Surgeons need to be mindful of different eyelid configurations and measurement patterns to achieve the most natural-looking Asian double eyelids. CONCLUSION The authors have indicated no significant interests with commercial supporters.
A journal for our challenging, changing times: an editorial vision for the next five years of the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

Throughout my career, the Journal of Clinical Psychology (JCLP) has been an independent voice in professional psychology, providing an outlet for cutting-edge research, commentary, and scholarship. Over the recent past it has refined this role, under the expert guidance of Larry Beutler, Beverly Thorn, and John Norcross (the current editor-in-chief of In Session), as JCLP featured pieces that addressed contemporary issues in practice, research, and training. As I assume duties as the editor-in-chief, I am concerned about the dynamic forces that impinge on these core areas of professional psychology. As we endeavor to advance our knowledge and evidentiary base, many of us are simultaneously writing attainable competencies (with appropriate proximal and distal outcomes) for our training programs so they remain accredited, and we are writing letters for advanced students to apply for a shrinking number of available accredited internships. We are working with departmental colleagues to submit proposed cuts for shrinking budgets, while simultaneously writing another grant to secure external funding to support our research (and our students). And all of us are subject to current policy changes from federal and state legislative sessions—again, with the budget cuts—that will affect our ability to obtain reimbursement, fund ongoing commitments, and support existing services and programs (and some of us wonder if initiatives stemming from changes in federal health care policy will create new opportunities for expanding psychological services). In sum, no aspect of clinical psychology—research, practice, and training—will be untouched by the strains of the current economy and by changes in public, health care, and educational policy. Against this backdrop of change, transition, and challenge, I assumed the duties of editorin-chief of JCLP in January of this year. From my perspective, the timing could not be better. Throughout my professional career, I have tried to attend to—and stay a step ahead of—the winds of change. And it so happens that I enjoy the editorial role. My editorial vision for JCLP builds on its legacy of independence, innovation, and timely discourse to face the changing times with verve, healthy empiricism, and critical thinking. I envision JCLP as an independent, scholarly voice for a science-driven agenda in practice, training, and policy formation. JCLP will champion the scientist-practitioner model, but it will take a broad, panoramic view of training, practice, research, and policy. Our reliance on empiricism does not limit the horizons for clinical psychology; it expands them. In the process, we expect controversy, debate, and creative tension. JCLP is not a place for the defense of
DNA Probes and Primers in Dental Practice

In clinical microbiology, molecular genetic techniques are increasingly being used to detect and/or differentiate uncultivable, anaerobic, or fastidious microorganisms. During the past decade, DNA probe hybridization and in vitro amplification by polymerase chain reaction have also been introduced to detect oral pathogens. The present review describes experiences with methods and commercial test systems for the detection of pathogens in periodontitis and caries.
Devolution and health: data and democracy.

Political decisions are reducing access to comparable data, yet pressure from voters pushes politicians to improve health systems
Treatment of general steady state process models in gross error identification

Abstract Most statistical tests for identifying gross errors in steady state processes assume a simple model in which variables are directly measured and no unmeasured variables are present in the constraints. This note presents a procedure for transforming a general steady state model into the standard form required by these tests.
Interactions of Nucleotide Cofactors with the Escherichia coli Replication Factor DnaC Protein

Quantitative analyses of the interactions of nucleotide cofactors with the Escherichia coli replicative factor DnaC protein have been performed using thermodynamically rigorous fluorescence titration techniques. This approach allowed us to obtain stoichiometries of the formed complexes and interaction parameters, without any assumptions about the relationship between the observed signal and the degree of binding. The stoichiometry of the DnaC-nucleotide complex has been determined in direct binding experiments with fluorescent nucleotide analogues, MANT-ATP and MANT-ADP. The stoichiometry of the DnaC complexes with unmodified ATP and ADP has been determined using the macromolecular competition titration method (MCT). The obtained results established that at saturation the DnaC protein binds a single nucleotide molecule per protein monomer. Analyses of the binding of fluorescent analogues and unmodified nucleotides to the DnaC protein show that ATP and ADP have the same affinities for the nucleotide-binding site, albeit the corresponding complexes have different structures, specifically affected by the presence of magnesium cations in solution. Although the presence of the gamma-phosphate does not affect the affinity, the structure of the triphosphate group is critical. While the affinity of ATP-gamma-S is the same as the affinity of ATP, the affinities of AMP-PNP and AMP-PCP are approximately 2 and approximately 4 orders lower than that of ATP, respectively. Moreover, the ribose plays a significant role in forming a stable complex. The binding constants of dATP and dADP are approximately 2 orders of magnitude lower than those for ribose nucleotides. The nucleotide-binding site of the DnaC protein is highly base specific. The intrinsic affinity of adenosine triphosphates and diphosphates is at least 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than for any of the other examined nucleotides. The obtained data indicate that the recognition mechanism of the nucleotide by the structural elements of the binding site is complex with the base providing the specificity and the ribose, as well as the second phosphate group contributing to the affinity. The significance of the results for the functioning of the DnaC protein is discussed.
Decentralized Scheme for Spacecraft Formation Flying via the Virtual Structure Approach

Built on the combined strength of decentralized control and the recently introduced virtual structure approach, a decentralized formation scheme for spacecraft formation flying is presented. Following a decentralized coordination architecture via the virtual structure approach, decentralized formation control strategies are introduced, which are appropriate when a large number of spacecraft are involved and/or stringent interspacecraft communication limitations are exerted. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies is demonstrated through simulation results.
Pelvic angiography for recurrent traumatic pelvic arterial hemorrhage.

Background:Angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic arterial hemorrhage associated with pelvic fractures. In most cases, a single angiogram with embolization is adequate to control pelvic arterial hemorrhage. However, a small subset of patients, require repeat pelvi
Road tests of oil condition sensor and sensing technique

Abstract A new oil condition sensor was designed and fabricated. The newly designed sensors were installed in three vehicles and tested on the road. The test results indicated that the degradation of engine oil could be divided into three stages: (1) good, (2) rapid increase of total acid number (TAN), and (3) rapid increase of viscosity. The onset of the second and the third degradation stages could be detected by analyzing the trend of sensor outputs. The performance of the sensor was verified by analyzing the oil samples periodically collected from the road tests. The oil condition sensor could also detect water condensation and antifreeze contamination in engine oil.
Using mastectomy specimens to develop breast models for breast tomosynthesis and CT breast imaging

Dedicated x-ray computed tomography (CT) of the breast using a cone-beam flat-panel detector system is a modality under investigation by a number of research teams. As previously reported, we have fabricated a prototype, bench-top flat-panel CT breast imaging (CTBI) system and developed computer simulation software to model such a system. We are developing a methodology to use high resolution, low noise CT reconstructions of fresh mastectomy specimens for generating an ensemble of 3D digital breast phantoms that realistically model 3D compressed and uncompressed breast anatomy. These breast models can be used to simulate realistic projection data for both breast tomosynthesis (BT) and CT systems thereby providing a powerful evaluation and optimization mechanism.
Fabry-Perot interferometry using an image-intensified rotating-mirror streak camera

A Fabry-Perot velocity interferometer system is described that uses a modified rotating-mirror streak camera to record the dynamic fringe positions. A Los Alamos Model 72B rotating-mirror streak camera, equipped with a beryllium mirror, was modified to include a high aperture (f/2.5) relay lens and a 40-mm image-intensifier tube such that the image normally formed at the film plane of the streak camera is projected onto the intensifier tube. Fringe records for thin (0.13 mm) flyers driven by a small bridgewire detonator obtained with a Model C1155-01 Hamamatsu and Model 790 Imacon electronic streak cameras are compared with those obtained with the image-intensified rotating-mirror streak camera (I2RMC). Resolution comparisons indicate that the I2RMC gives better time resolution than either the Hamamatsu or the Imacon for total writing times of a few microseconds or longer.
Randomized clinical trial of early laparoscopy in the management of acute non-specific abdominal pain.

Background: Abdominal pain of uncertain aetiology (non-specific abdominal pain; NSAP) is the commonest reason for emergency surgical admission. The aim of this study was to examine the role of early laparoscopy in the management of NSAP. Methods: Some 120 patients, admitted between November 1995 and October 1998 with acute abdominal pain of uncertain aetiology, were randomized into two groups: group 1 had laparoscopy during the first 18 h of admission and group 2 had close observation, conventional investigation and surgical intervention if signs of peritonism developed. Outcome measures were diagnosis, operative procedures, duration of hospital stay, readmission rate, morbidity and death, patient satisfaction and total number of investigations performed. Results: Median hospital stay was 2 (range 1–13) days in both groups (P = 0·87). A diagnosis was established in 48 (81 per cent) of 59 patients in group 1 compared with 22 (36 per cent) of 61 in group 2 (P < 0·0001). The morbidity rate was 14 (24 per cent) of 59 in group 1 and 19 (31 per cent) of 61 in group 2 (P = 0·3629). The readmission rate at a median follow-up of 21 (range 1–35) months was 17 (29 per cent) of 59 in group 1 compared with 20 (33 per cent) of 61 in group 2 (P = 0·6375). Well-being scores improved from 134 on admission to 149 of 177 6 weeks later in group 1 (P = 0·007) and from 132 to 143 of 177 in group 2 (P = 0·089). Conclusion: Early laparoscopy provided a higher diagnostic accuracy and improved quality of life in patients with NSAP. © 1999 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd
Public Interest Groups in France and the United States

This study will find out the effect of Performance Money on the Performance of State Civil Apparatus. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. Sampling technique with purposive sampling technique with 33 respondents. While the analysis technique used is a simple linear analysis technique and reliability to determine the validity of respondent data and reliability. The results show that, Performance Money (X) shows the positife regression coefficient, which indicates a unidirectional relationship between Performance Money and Apparatus Performance in Pakal District. So, if the Increasing Money Performance given to employees in Pakal District will improve the Performance of Employees in Pakal District. Thus this study can be concluded that Performance Money (X) shows the positife coefficient value, it shows the direction of positife or unidirectional relationship between Performance Money Variables (X) with Apparatus Performance (Y) in Pakal District Office. Kata Kunci: Performance, Money, Apparatus
Burkitt lymphoma in pregnancy

Abstract Background: Burkitt lymphoma during pregnancy is a rare event, and outcomes have been poor. However, few patients were treated by current standards, with nearly half receiving single-agent cyclophosphamide or no chemotherapy. Case: A patient with Burkitt lymphoma presenting at 11 6 7 weeks’ gestation was treated with surgical resection of all visible disease and cytotoxic combination chemotherapy. The patient was disease free at 1 year after diagnosis. Conclusion: When Burkitt lymphoma is encountered in pregnancy, immediate cytotoxic combination chemotherapy is indicated.