cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Realignment in the National Football League: Did they do it right?

The National Football League (NFL) in the United States expanded to 32 teams in 2002 with the addition of a team in Houston. At that point, the league was realigned into eight divisions, each containing four teams. We describe a branch-and-cut algorithm for minimizing the sum of intradivisional travel distances. We consider first the case where any team can be assigned to any division. We also consider imposing restrictions, such as aligning the AFC (American Football Conference) and the NFC (National Football Conference) separately or maintaining traditional rivalries. We show that the alignment chosen by the NFL does not minimize the sum of intradivisional travel distances, but that it is close to optimal for an alignment that aligns the NFC and AFC separately and imposes some additional restrictions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 683–701, 2003.
Mechanism and specificity of the terminal thioesterase domain from the erythromycin polyketide synthase

Background Polyketides are important compounds with antibiotic and anticancer activities. Several modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) contain a terminal thioesterase (TE) domain probably responsible for the release and concomitant cyclization of the fully processed polyketide chain. Because the TE domain influences qualitative aspects of product formation by engineered PKSs, its mechanism and specificity are of considerable interest. Results The TE domain of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli . When tested against a set of N -acetyl cysteamine thioesters the TE domain did not act as a cyclase, but showed significant hydrolytic specificity towards substrates that mimic important features of its natural substrate. Also the overall rate of polyketide chain release was strongly enhanced by a covalent connection between the TE domain and the terminal PKS module (by as much as 100-fold compared with separate TE and PKS ‘domains'). Conclusions The inability of the TE domain alone to catalyze cyclization suggests that macrocycle formation results from the combined action of the TE domain and a PKS module. The chain-length and stereochemical preferences of the TE domain might be relevant in the design and engineered biosynthesis of certain novel polyketides. Our results also suggest that the TE domain might loop back to catalyze the release of polyketide chains from both terminal and pre-terminal modules, which may explain the ability of certain naturally occurring PKSs, such as the picromycin synthase, to generate both 12-membered and 14-membered macrolide antibiotics.
Hospitals: The Market for Health Care Facilities

Health care facilities include hospitals and nursing homes. Demand for beds and occupancy depends on income, prices and insurer restrictions. The supply of beds is limited by regulatory certificates of need. The implied equilibrium vacancy leads to a trade-off with rate increases. Rate increases establish an asset price for a hospital bed. If prices of health care rise faster than income and nonhealth prices, patients demand less bed availability and occupancy. Rising vacancy and rising prices occur, consistent with the empirical observations for U.S. health care facilities. For 1980–2001, the equilibrium vacancy rate for U.S. hospitals is between 27% and 36% depending on capacity adjustments, bed availability and price expectations. Equilibrium vacancy is near the actual rate after 2000, but that rate is 11 percentage points higher than in the early 1980s when the number of beds was nearly one-third higher. Usually rent regulation leads to excess demand. But in a general equilibrium model with income, relative prices, expectations, supply and capital markets, price regulation can coexist with excess supply.
Complications after cardiac operations in patients with severe pulmonary impairment.

Abstract The postoperative courses of 39 patients with severe lung disease (31 with obstructive disease and 8 restrictive) who underwent a cardiac operation were retrospectively reviewed. The stay in the intensive care unit of the study group was 7.9 ± 10.3 days (mean ± standard deviation) compared with 2.4 ± 3.9 days for the control group (100 patients with less impaired pulmonary function) ( p p p
Source of the Rare-Earth Element Peak in r-Process Nucleosynthesis

We use network calculations of $r$-process nucleosynthesis to pin down the origin of the peak in the solar $r$-process abundance distribution near nuclear mass number $A\ensuremath{\approx}160$. The peak is due to a subtle interplay of nuclear deformation and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay, and forms not in the steady phase of the $r$ process, but only just prior to freeze-out, as the free neutrons rapidly disappear. Its existence should therefore help constrain the conditions under which the $r$ process freezes out.
ENZYMES CATALYSING ETHANOL METABOLISM IN NEURAL AND SOMATIC TISSUES OF THE RAT

— The enzymes catalysing ethanol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.l.1.1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3), were assayed in a variety of neural and somatic tissues of the rat, the human counterparts of which are known to be vulnerable to excessive ethanol. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was assayed by the coupled oxidation of ethanol and reduction of lactaldehyde, a method which we have recently found to be sufficiently sensitive and specific to measure the relatively low levels of activity in whole brain. Detectable activities of these enzymes were found in peripheral nerve, skeletal muscle, retina, optic nerve and various regions of brain, as well as in a variety of non-neural tissues. The levels of the enzymic activities in all tissues were markedly lower than those of liver, but probably sufficient to perform a local function in the metabolism of ethanol or other endogenous substrates. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the various tissues, like that of liver, was confined to the cytosol and exhibited kinetic properties and responses to inhibitors almost identical to those of the liver enzyme. We consider the results to be consistent with the hypothesis that the pathological effects of alcohol may be related, at least in part, to local mechanisms for the metabolism of alcohol.
Coping with the stress of a painful medical procedure

To evaluate its effect on procedure-related distress, the focus of attention was manipulated by providing training to hospitalized acute burn patients (n=42). Participants were randomly assigned to attention focusing (i.e. attending to procedural sensations) or music distraction (i.e. attention diverting) coping interventions, or to usual care during the target dressing change. Coping behavior (i.e. distraction, focusing, and three confounding methods, ignoring, catastrophizing, reinterpreting), tension and intrusiveness were evaluated 24 h retrospectively (i.e. for the prior procedure), during the targeted procedure, and 30 min after the target procedure. When coping during the target procedure by ignoring, reinterpreting, and catastrophizing were covaried, the music distraction group experienced significantly fewer intrusions, and the attention focus group had more intrusions. Additionally, secondary analyses revealed that coping by ignoring during the prior day's procedure significantly predicted higher procedural tension during, and more intrusions following, the targeted procedure. Suppression-based forms of emotion-focused coping may be enhanced by training in the use of an explicit distractor.
Seasonal Internode Development and Sugar Metabolism in Sugarcane

The profile of sugar concentration along the stalk of sugarcane (Saccharum sp. hybrids) varies during the growing season and between cultivars. This study was conducted to determine how sucrose accumulation and metabolism in storage tissue changes with development, how sucrose metabolism changes as the growing season advances, and if differences in sugar cleavage could be detected between an early cultivar, CP70-324, and a late cultivar, TCP81-3058. Elongating internodes of both cultivars were tagged at intervals from July to October during 1993 and 1994 in field plots near Mercedes, TX. The tagged internodes were periodically sampled during their development, and sugars and enzymes of sucrose cleavage, sucrose synthase (SS), acid invertase, and neutral invertase, were assayed. Internodes which developed later in the growing season were shorter and accumulated less dry weight than those that developed earlier. Total sugar and sucrose concentrations in the late internodes approached those of early internodes as they matured. Water content of all internodes decreased from about 900 to about 720 g kg -1 during development; late internodes reached this low water content in less heat units than did early internodes. Activities of SS and both invertases were greatest in the youngest internodes. SS activity decreased with internode age to a steady state of 1.5 to 2 μmol mg -1 protein h -1 , while acid invertase activity decreased to about 0.5 to 0.8 μmol mg -1 protein h -1 . Neutral invertase activity was highly variable both among internodes of the same age and between sampling dates. No significant differences in sugar concentrations or enzyme activities were observed between the cultivars.
A role for programmed cell death during early neurogenesis in xenopus

In vertebrates, little is known on the role of programmed cell death (PCD) occurring within the population of dividing neural precursors and newly formed neuroblasts during early neural development. During primary neurogenesis, PCD takes place within the neuroectoderm of Xenopus embryos in a reproducible stereotypic pattern, suggesting a role for PCD during the early development of the CNS. We find that the spatio-temporal pattern of PCD is unaffected in embryos in which cell proliferation has been blocked and whose neuroecotoderm contains half the normal number of cells. This shows that PCD is not dependent on cell division. It further suggests that PCD does not solely function to regulate absolute cell numbers within the neuroectoderm. We demonstrate that PCD can be reproducibly inhibited in vivo during primary neurogenesis by the overexpression of human Bcl-2. Following PCD inhibition, normal neurogenesis is disrupted, as seen by the expansion of the expression domains of XSox-2, XZicr-2, XNgnr-1, XMyT-1, and N-Tubulin, XNgnr-1 being the most affected. PCD inhibition, however, did not affect the outcome of lateral inhibition. We propose, then, that PCD regulates primary neurogenesis at the level of neuronal determination.
Imipramine-induced hyperpigmentation: a case report and review of the literature

Imipramine-induced hyperpigmentation is rare with only 13 cases reported in the literature to date. We report a 64-year-old female who presented with blue-gray discoloration on her face present for 4-5 years. The patient's medications included imipramine for depression for approximately 23 years. Physical examination revealed slate-gray hyperpigmented discrete and coalescing macules of the malar cheeks and the bilateral temples and periorbitally. She also had diffuse gray pigmentation of the bilateral dorsal hands. Histologic examination revealed an unremarkable epidermis with golden-brown round globules clustered in the superficial dermis, which stained strongly positive with a Fontana-Masson stain. Prussian blue stain for hemosiderin was negative. A diagnosis of imipramine-induced hyperpigmentation was made. Imipramine-induced hyperpigmentation as well as a detailed review of drug-induced hyperpigmentation is discussed.
Nitric oxide and composition measurements within diffusion flames around simulated ethanol and ethanolpyridine droplets

Abstract The composition of major stable species, including nitric oxide, and the temperature were measured within the diffusion flames around simulated ethanol droplets burning in air at atmospheric conditions. Nitric oxide measurements were also made with ethanol seeded with various percentages of a nitrogen containing compound (pyridine). The fuel droplet was simulated by a 1.2 mm porous carbon sphere supported by a fine stainless steel fuel line. Quartz microprobes, quartz coated thermocouples of platinum platinum -13% rhodium , a gas chromatograph, and a chemiluminescent analyzer were used. The results include documentation of significant oxygen penetration to the simulated droplet surface, and pyrolysis and partial oxidation of ethanol near the surface. The measured nitric oxide concentrations for both pure ethanol and pyridine seeded ethanol were greater than expected in spite of measured flame temperatures considerably lower than predicted.
QSARS FOR 6-AZASTEROIDS AS INHIBITORS OF HUMAN TYPE 1 5R-REDUCTASE: PREDICTION OF BINDING AFFINITY AND SELECTIVITY RELATIVE TO 3-BHSD

Quantitative structure−activity relationships (QSARs) are developed to describe the ability of 6-azasteroids to inhibit human type 1 5α-reductase. Models are generated using a set of 93 compounds with known binding affinities (Ki) to 5α-reductase and 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase/3-keto-Δ5-steroid isomerase (3-BHSD). QSARs are generated to predict Ki values for inhibitors of 5α-reductase and to predict selectivity (Si) of compound binding to 3-BHSD relative to 5α-reductase. Log(Ki) values range from −0.70 log units to 4.69 log units, and log(Si) values range from −3.00 log units to 3.84 log units. Topological, geometric, electronic, and polar surface descriptors are used to encode molecular structure. Information-rich subsets of descriptors are identified using evolutionary optimization procedures. Predictive models are generated using linear regression, computational neural networks (CNNs), principal components regression, and partial least squares. Compounds in an external prediction set are used ...
Still Going: Recent Debates on the Goldschmidt Hypothesis1

The literature on the Goldschmidt (1978a) hypothesis has passed through distinct stages. This article is a commentary on the present status of the literature and particularly on a recent article by Barnes and Blevins (1992). Our arguments draw in large part from our previous work. Researchers in the 1970s and early 1980s were concerned mainly with replicating Goldschmidt's work. However, these studies had a number of methodological and conceptual limitations that limited closure on the debate. A new generation of research from the mid-1980s onward was premised upon addressing the limitations, including the need to incorporate indicators of nonfarm economic structure, to take spatial or geographic features into account, and to adequately conceptualize farm structure. Barnes and Blevins (1992) disregard these inroads, evident in that their article repeats earlier arguments, offers solutions to problems addressed a decade earlier, and is vulnerable to its own methodological problems. To move inquiry forward, new directions for studies concerned with the broader issues raised by Goldschmidt are suggested.
Diagnostic problems in three pediatric neurology practice plans

Outpatient information was collected during 8 consecutive months from three different practice plans and analyzed for trends in diagnostic problems. At the time of patient contact, 1,635 patient visits were documented. The data were obtained from government clinics, a capitated contract setting, and a fee-for-service private clinic. Headache, epilepsy, and developmental delay were the most common diagnoses in all three settings. Cerebral palsy had a relatively low incidence. The types of complaints are clearly different depending on the practice setting. The factors responsible for these patterns are discussed.
Seasonal- and temperature-dependent variation in CNS ascorbate and glutathione levels in anoxia-tolerant turtles

Abstract We determined the ascorbic acid (ascorbate) and glutathione (GSH) contents of eight regions of the CNS from anoxia-tolerant turtles collected in summer and in winter. Ascorbate was of special interest because it is found in exceptionally high levels in the turtle CNS. The temperature-dependence of CNS ascorbate content was established by comparing levels in animals collected from two geographic zones with different average winter temperatures and in animals re-acclimated to different temperatures in the laboratory. The analytical method was liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Turtle ascorbate levels were 30–40% lower in animals acclimatized to winter (2°C) than to summer (23°C) in all regions of the CNS. Similarly, GSH levels were 20–30% lower in winter than in summer. Winter ascorbate levels were higher in turtles from Louisiana (19°C) than in turtles acclimatized to winter in Wisconsin (2°C). Summer and winter levels of ascorbate could be reversed by re-acclimating animals to cold (1°C) or warm (23°C) temperatures for at least one week. CNS water content did not differ between cold- and warm-acclimated turtles. Taken together, the data indicated that ascorbate and GSH undergo significant seasonal variation and that the catalyst for change is environmental temperature. Steady-state ascorbate content showed a linear dependence on temperature, with a slope of 1.5% per °C that was independent of CNS region. Lower levels of cerebral antioxidants in turtles exposed to colder temperatures were consistent with the decreased rate of cerebral metabolism that accompanies winter hibernation. Cerebral ascorbate and GSH levels in the turtle remained similar to or higher than those in mammals, even during winter, however. These findings support the notion that unique mechanisms of antioxidant regulation in the turtle contribute to their tolerance of the hypoxia-reoxygenation that characterizes diving behavior.
Behavioral niche partitioning in a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage and implications for the endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle

How behavioral patterns are related to niche partitioning is an important question in understanding how closely related species within ecological communities function. Behavioral niche partitioning associated with thermoregulation is well documented in tiger beetles as a group. Co-occurring species of salt flat tiger beetles have adapted many thermoregulatory behaviors to cope with this harsh ecosystem. On first examination these beetles appear to occur in overlapping microhabitats and therefore compete for resources. To determine if behavioral niche partitioning is allowing multiple species to occur within the same harsh salt flat ecosystem we observed Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, Cicindela circumpicta, Cicindela fulgida, and Cicindela togata between 8:00 h and 21:00 h and recorded all behaviors related to thermoregulation using a digital voice recorder. Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil. The endangered C. n. lincolniana appears to rely most heavily on the shallow water of seeps for their diurnal foraging behavior (potentially limiting their foraging habitat), but with the advantage of allowing foraging during the hottest times of the day when potential competitors are less frequent. Ironically, this association also may help explain C. n. lincolniana's susceptibility to extinction: beyond the loss of saline wetlands generally, limited seeps and pools even within remaining saline habitat may represent a further habitat limitation within an already limited habitat.
Video retrieval based on object discovery

State-of-the-art video retrieval methods use global image statistics to provide low level descriptors or use object recognizers to provide high level features. Using global image statistics can be hindered by lack of explicitly characterizing the object of interest hence prone to retrieving irrelevant results, while using object recognizers can suffer from having to train a large number of object recognizers for different types of objects. We present a novel framework for content-based video retrieval. We use an unsupervised learning method to automatically discover and locate the object of interest in a video clip. This unsupervised learning algorithm alleviates the need for training a large number of object recognizers. Regional image characteristics are extracted from the object of interest to form a set of descriptors for each video. A novel ensemble-based matching algorithm compares the similarity between two videos based on the set of descriptors each video contains. Videos containing large pose, size, and lighting variations are used to validate our approach.
Determination of nornicotine in smokers' urine by gas chromatography following reductive alkylation to N'-propylnornicotine.

Abstract A sensitive gas chromatographic assay has been developed to measure concentrations of nornicotine in human urine. A structural analogue, 5-methylnornicotine, is used as an internal standard. Both nornicotine and the internal standard were converted to the corresponding N′-propyl derivatives using a novel reductive alkylation procedure. The N′-propyl derivatives have good chromatographic properties, which allows quantitative measurement in the low nanograms per milliliter range. Concentrations of nornicotine in smokers' urine were quantitated and compared with the concentrations of nicotine and its metabolites, cotinine, nicotine-N-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide.
Real-time 3D face tracking based on active appearance model constrained by depth data

Active Appearance Model (AAM) is an algorithm for fitting a generative model of object shape and appearance to an input image. AAM allows accurate, real-time tracking of human faces in 2D and can be extended to track faces in 3D by constraining its fitting with a linear 3D morphable model. Unfortunately, this AAM-based 3D tracking does not provide adequate accuracy and robustness, as we show in this paper. We introduce a new constraint into AAM fitting that uses depth data from a commodity RGBD camera (Kinect). This addition significantly reduces 3D tracking errors. We also describe how to initialize the 3D morphable face model used in our tracking algorithm by computing its face shape parameters of the user from a batch of tracked frames. The described face tracking algorithm is used in Microsoft's Kinect system.
The Theory and Experiments of Recursive Generalized Predictive Control

The recursive generalized predictive control algorithm, combining the process of system identification and the process of the controller design, is presented. In the control design process, there are three parameters to be chosen: the prediction horizon, the control horizon, and the input weighting factor. Two new parameters are defined for the practical choice of the prediction horizon and the control horizon. A time varying algorithm for the input weighting factor and a dual-sampling-rate algorithm between system identification and control design are presented. The recursive generalized predictive control algorithm is applied to two different systems: a sound enclosure and an optical jitter suppression testbed.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The mechanism of densification during sintering of metallic particles

Abstract The possible mechanisms which may bring about shrinkage of pores during sintering are discussed, In view of the Alexander-Baluffi experiment, only two such mechanisms are possible: 1. (1) diffusion along grain boundaries, 2. (2) volume diffusion with sinks at grain boundaries (Nabarro-Herring microcreep). The excess vacancies are transmitted to the grain boundaries and through their network out of the compact. The probability of occurrence of these mechanisms is discussed. It is concluded that the volume-diffusion mechanism is the more probable one.
High transfer rate (1 Gbit/sec) high-capacity holographic disk digital data storage system

Summary form only given.Holographic data storage records information in the form of volumetric gratings within the volume of the recording medium. In digital holographic storage information is typically encoded in the form of data pages, which includes modulation coding, data shuffling, and error correction. Selective properties of volumetric gratings allow for a multitude of holograms to be recorded in virtually the same volume through angular, wavelength, or shift and correlation multiplexing techniques. Potentially high data density and transfer rates (which are due to highly parallel access to the stored data) have been a topic of intense research and development. Short data seek time ( 100 Gbit per 6.5' disk).
Observer Based Fault Detection and Identification in Differential Algebraic Equations

Fault detection and identification (FDI) are important tasks in most modern industrial and mechanical systems and processes. Many of these systems are most naturally modeled by differential algebraic equations. One approach to FDI is based on the use of observers and filters to detect and identify faults. The method presented here uses the least squares completion to compute an ODE that contains the solution of the DAE and applies the observer directly to this ODE. Robustness with respect to disturbances is also addressed by a frequency filtering technique.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Digital image correlation study of mechanical response of nickel superalloy Hastelloy X under thermal and mechanical cycling: Uniaxial and biaxial stress states

The cyclic plastic strain accumulation of a dynamic strain aging Ni-based superalloy, Hastelloy X, is investigated using digital image correlation under both uniaxial and biaxial thermomechanical l...
The synthesis of guanosine 5'-diphosphate D-rhamnose by enzymes of a higher plant.

Abstract An enzyme preparation from leaves of Leucaena glauca is shown to catalyze the synthesis of guanosine 5′-diphosphate d -rhamnose from guanosine 5′-diphosphate d -mannose. The reaction requires a reduced pyridine nucleotide but is not stimulated by NAD+. Evidence is presented that an intermediate compound, guanosine 5′-diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy- d -mannose, is formed in the course of the reaction.
Coprecipitation of ATP with potassium perchlorate: The effect on the firefly enzyme assay of ATP in tissue and blood

Abstract If ATP standards are prepared in a 0.8 m perchloric acid in low concentration (less than 0.01 m m ), a large percentage of the available ATP is coprecipitated with KClO 4 in the neutralization step. If these standards are then used to generate a standard line, the light output per pmole of ATP will tend to be underestimated. If tissue samples containing large concentrations of ATP (i.e., 1–2 m m ) are homogenized in perchloric acid, the relative or percentage loss due to coprecipitation will be minimal and of the order of 2–10%. This is because such precipitation is nonlinear with respect to concentration and will cause a greater percent loss of ATP at low concentrations. Use of such ATP standards prepared in perchloric acid and neutralized with KOH can lead to the overestimation of ATP content in tissue by 200% or more. Because of this, we suggest that aqueous ATP standards be used and that concentrations of ATP in tissue homogenates be kept above 0.01 m m . This will reduce the percent loss due to coprecipitation. Alternatively [ 14 C]ATP may be added to the homogenate before neutralization and used to correct for ATP losses due to binding to tissue proteins and by coprecipitation with KClO 4 .
Exergy Analysis of Coal Energy Conversion With Carbon Sequestration Via Combustion in Supercritical Saline Aquifer Water

Decarbonization of electricity production is a vital component in meeting stringent emissions targets aimed at curbing the effects of global climate change. Most projected pathways toward meeting those targets include a large contribution from carbon capture and storage. Many capture technologies impose a large energy penalty to separate and compress carbon dioxide (CO2 ). Also, injected neat CO2 in a deep saline aquifer is buoyant compared to the aquifer brine and requires an impermeable seal to prevent it from escaping the aquifer. An alternative technology was recently proposed by Heberle and Edwards [1] that burns coal in supercritical water pumped from a saline aquifer. The entire effluent stream is sequestered, capturing all carbon and non-mineral coal combustion products in the process. This stream is denser than the aquifer brine and therefore offers a higher level of storage security, and can utilize aquifers without suitable structural trapping. This technology also increases energy security in the U.S., allowing for the use of its coal resources while avoiding atmospheric pollution. In this paper, a complete architecture employing supercritical water oxidation is proposed, including a liquid-oxygen-pumped air separation unit and regenerator system that heats and desalinates the incoming brine. A thermodynamic model calculates the overall thermal efficiency of the plant, including all separation and storage energy penalties. In addition, an exergy analysis gives insights into the least efficient parts of the proposed system. The details and assumptions of the model are discussed. Insights from the model and these analyses elucidate how the proposed system may be operated as a zero-emission electricity source and the technical challenges that must be addressed for deployment.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A Hardened Field Insulator

In this paper we report results on a new hardened field oxide which exhibits improved resistance to ionizing radiation. This new field insulator shows much less radiation-induced shift in flatband voltage than that of ordinary SiO2 (either thermally grown or chemically vapor deposited). Results are obtained over a range of bias conditions (-10 volts to +22.5 volts) and radiation dosage (0 ~ 4 × 104 rads (SiO2)).
Use of computers in the field of trademarks in the U.S. patent and trademark office

Abstract The article describes the history of the automation of the USPTO trademark operation from its initiation in the early 1980s to the present day. The successes and failures of various stages of the operation are detailed and plans for further improvements of the system are outlined.
Aging changes in the cat P300 mimic the human

Abstract Long-latency endogenous responses with characteristics of the human P300 were recorded from young cats (1–3 years). Principal components analysis and paired t tests confirmed that responses within a 200–300 msec latency window were significantly larger to rare stimuli than to frequent stimuli. In contrast, a similar study of long-latency responses in old cats (more than 10 years) showed no significant difference between the ‘rare’ and ‘frequent’ responses. These data indicate that the P300 changes functionally with old age in the cat, as in the human, and that the cat provides an important model for P300 generator analysis in the aged as well as in the young brain.
Objectification Theory as It Relates to Disordered Eating Among College Women.

Objectification theory (B. L. Fredrickson & T. A. Roberts, 1997) demonstrates how sociocultural variables work together with psychological variables to predict disordered eating. Researchers have tested models that illustrate how certain constructsof objectification theory predict disordered eating, but a more comprehensive model that integrates a combination of constructs central to the theory (i.e., sexual objectification; self-objectification; body shame; poor interoceptive awareness of hunger, satiety, and emotions) has not yet been examined. In this study, we incorporated these variables within an inclusive model based on the assertions of B. L. Fredrickson and T. A. Roberts (1997) and examined it with 460 college women. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested that the model provided a good fit to the data and supported most propositions set forth by objectification theory and the eating disorders literature.
MANDOLIN—a communications management expert system using a reduced form of the Dempster-Shafer uncertainty theory

MANDOLIN (MANagement and Diagnosis Of Large Information Networks) is an expert system structure for large communication networks. It integrates the concepts of data-driven inference, goal-driven inference, truth maintenance, Dempster-Shafer uncertainty handling, and event-driven simulation into a distributed framework. MANDOLIN is a system that is able to diagnose and control communication networks.The structure of MANDOLIN is driven by the requirements of large communication networks rather than the requirements of any specific network.
An investigation of ethylene rotational barriers for 5-coordinate d 8 metal bis-ethylene complexes

Abstract The successful isolation and structural characterization of (CF3PCP)Ir(C2H4)2 is reported, which confirms a rare example of axial and equatorial ethylene coordination in a TBP coordination environment. DFT studies indicate a moderate barrier to ethylene rotation for the equatorial C2H4 group (ΔG‡ = 19.0 kcal mol−1), and a negligible rotational barrier for the axial C2H4 (ΔG‡ = 1.2 kcal mol−1). DFT analyses of ethylene rotational barriers for a series of known symmetrical (equatorial/equatorial) and asymmetric (equatorial/axial) bis ethylene Ir(I) complexes are consistent with previously reported experimental rotational barriers. In the case of the asymmetric systems ([9]aneS3)Ir(C2H4)2+ and (Tp)Ir(C2H4)2, a separate equatorial C2H4 rotational barrier is not observed due to facile conformational exchange of axial and equatorial ethylene coordination sites. Conformational exchange is not observed for (CF3PCP)Ir(C2H4)2.
Adaptive discriminant wavelet features for statistical object detection

We present an adaptive feature selection scheme to jointly optimize the detector performance and the computational efficiency for statistical object detection. From the statistical distribution of wavelet coefficients, we construct an error-bound-tree (EBT) to analyze the error probability of the Bayes test. The wavelet features put into test are adaptively selected to minimize the detection error. The selected features are more discriminative than others and allow the detector to reach a decision faster without jeopardizing its accuracy. The proposed scheme is demonstrated in face detection.
Effect of central and peripheral administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on morphine hyperthermia in rats

The effect of central and peripheral administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on morphine hyperthermia was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The first series of experiments examined the effect of subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of L-NAME on the hyperthermia induced by morphine given s.c. in doses of 4 and 15 mg/kg. L-NAME, at a s.c. dose of 50 mg/kg, per se, had no influence on body temperature (T(b)). Coadministration of L-NAME (50 mg/kg, s.c.) with the higher dose of morphine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a significant suppression of morphine hyperthermia during the first 30 min and then produced hypothermia. In contrast, s.c. injection of L-NAME (50 mg/kg, s.c.) failed to alter the hyperthermic response induced by the lower dose of morphine (4 mg/kg). In the second series of experiments, we investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of L-NAME on the hyperthermia induced by morphine given s.c. L-NAME, itself, given i.c.v. at a dose of 1 mg did not evoke any change in T(b). Intracerebroventricular administration of L-NAME (1 mg) blocked the hyperthermia induced by 15 mg/kg morphine during the first 30 min and induced a slight hypothermia but did not alter the hyperthermia induced by 4 mg/kg morphine. The results indicate that either central or peripheral NO synthesis is required for the production of hyperthermia induced by 15 mg/kg of morphine. However, NO synthesis does not seem to be involved in the hyperthermic process induced by 4 mg/kg of morphine.
Separation of major and minor deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: A simple method applicable to quantitation of methylated nucleotides in DNA

Abstract A simple reverse-phase chromatographic system for separating deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates is described. Using isocratic elution at room temperature, clear separation of seven of the deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates that occur in either procaryotic or eucaryotic DNAs can be achieved in less than 2 h. Thus, this method allows a sensitive and rapid analysis of submicrogram quantities of 32 P-labeled deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates derived from DNA labeled in vivo with 32 P i or from DNA labeled enzymatically in vitro at the 5′ or 3′ ends. The suitability of the method for studying methylation of mammalian DNAs is illustrated by presenting examples of its application to (a) quantitation of major and minor nucleotides in newly synthesized DNA, (b) determination of the specificity of in vitro methylation of DNA, and (c) quantitation of the extent to which specific restriction endonuclease sites are methylated in vivo .
Is the Inattentive Type of ADHD a Separate Disorder

The contention of Milich, Balentine, and Lynam that the inattentive type of ADHD is a disorder distinct from and unrelated to the combined type bears scrutiny. After commenting on the optimal means of validating syndromes and disorders, I concur with Milich et al. that, under current definitions, the inattentive type subsumes both children who are subthreshold for the combined type and those who display sluggish cognitive tempo and underactivity. In all probability, only the latter subgroup may be distinct, in any qualitative sense, from current conceptions of ADHD. Yet with respect to a key criterion variable, cognitive processing/ neuropsychological functioning, there is currently little definitive evidence for clear differentiation. Until nosologies allow for better phenotypic differentiation, which includes broader sets of symptoms to index inatten-tiveness, research will continue to confound these two subgroups, precluding advances regarding possible genetic, psychobiologic, neuropsychologic, cognitive, familial, developmental, and treatment-related distinctions between them. Milich et al. have prompted needed research on diagnostic reformulations and external validation regarding this crucial aspect of developmental psychopathology.
Expression of Rat CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase in Insect Cells Using a Baculovirus Vector

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) is a key regulatory enzyme in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. We constructed a recombinant baculovirus (bCT) containing rat CT cDNA under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Crude cell extracts of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells infected with bCT possessed 250-fold higher specific activities for CT compared to rat liver cytosol, and CT protein constituted 3-6% of the total cellular protein. The 42-kDa form of CT predicted from the cDNA sequence was the first immunoreactive CT protein detected at Day 2 after infection and this form continued to accumulate until Day 5. On Day 3 following infection, a 37-kDa protein immunologically related to CT began to accumulate, indicating that CT was being degraded. The active, 42-kDa form of CT was purified to homogeneity in a single step using hydroxyapatite chromatography. Antibodies raised against recombinant CT were employed to quantitatively extract and assay CT activity in mammalian cell lines. The baculovirus expression system is suitable for the preparation of large amounts of protein for investigating the structure, function, and regulation of CT.
Correlation between insertion mutant activities and amino acid sequence identities of the TaqI and TthHB8 restriction endonucleases.

Abstract A two-codon insertion mutagenesis method has been generalized. Over two dozen mutants throughout the gene encoding TaqI restrcition endonuclease were constructed and activity was characterizede. All mutants with activity either cleaved or nicked the canonical T↓CGA recognition sequence. Some insertion mutants created duplication of gene regions, termed Gemini proteins, which still retained activity. The correlation between mutants with poor activity and the regions of shared amino acid identity between the isoschizometric TaqI and TthHB8I suggests these regions are involved in DNA recognition and/or catalysis.
Abstract IA05: Granulocytic cells in metastasis

Cancer progression is a complex process that involves tumor growth at the primary site coupled with dissemination and outgrowth at distant sites also known as metastasis. Majority of the cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis commonly occurring in the bone, lung, liver and brain. Although progress has been made in deciphering the process of tumor initiation and primary tumor growth, the molecular underpinnings and mechanisms of metastasis remain poorly understood. Given the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, there has been a growing interest in understanding the function of granulocytic myeloid cells, an abundant component of the peripheral blood and tumor microenvironment. Using multiple models of breast cancer metastasis, we have characterized two distinct subpopulations of CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid cells in peripheral blood by RNA sequencing and proteomic profiling. The first subpopulation is abundant early before any detectable metastasis. A second subpopulation is abundant late coinciding with systemic metastasis. We have identified a network of paracrine signals between carcinoma and CXCR2 expressing CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic cells that drive metastasis. We find that CXCL1/2 chemokines from metastatic cells attract CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytic myeloid cells, which in turn produce survival factors called S100A8/9 that promotes metastatic progression. Pharmacological inhibition of the CXCR2 axis in combination with chemotherapeutic agents significantly reduces multi-organ metastasis. We envision that a delicate balance exists between different granulocytic populations that function as a determinant of metastatic progression. Citation Format: Swarnali Acharyya. Granulocytic cells in metastasis. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-IA05
Synthesis and self-assembly of polymer and polymer-coated ag nanoparticles by the reprecipitation of binary mixtures of polymers.

Binary polymer nanoparticles were synthesized by the reprecipitation of poly(4-vinylpyridine) in the presence of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and further used to make polymer-coated Ag nanoparticles. Polymer shells around Ag nanoparticles were formed by two methods: the reduction of Ag2O in the presence of the polymer nanoparticles and by mixing the polymer nanoparticles with already-made Ag nanoparticles. The resulting nanoparticles were coated with layers of the two polymers with the hydrophilic polymer on the outside providing their stability in water. The exposure of the polymer-coated Ag nanoparticles to unmodified Ag nanoparticles resulted in spontaneous self-assembly due to the electrostatic attraction. The polymer-coated nanoparticles and the nanoparticle assemblies were characterized by UV−vis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Multimedia architectures: from desktop systems to portable appliances

Future desktop and portable computing systems will have as their core an integrated multimedia system. Such a system will seamlessly combine digital video, digital audio, computer animation, text, and graphics. Furthermore, such a system will allow for mixed-media creation, dissemination, and interactive access in real time. Multimedia architectures that need to support these functions have traditionally required special display and processing units for the different media types. This approach tends to be expensive and is inefficient in its use of silicon. Furthermore, such media-specific processing units are unable to cope with the fluid nature of the multimedia market wherein the needs and standards are changing and system manufacturers may demand a single component media engine across a range of products. This constraint has led to a shift towards providing a single-component multimedia specific computing engine that can be integrated easily within desktop systems, tethered consumer appliances, or portable appliances. In this paper, we review some of the recent architectural efforts in developing integrated media systems. We primarily focus on two efforts, namely the evolution of multimedia-capable general purpose processors and a more recent effort in developing single component mixed media co-processors. Design considerations that could facilitate the migration of these technologies to a portable integrated media system also are presented.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Five-Stage Model of Adult Skill Acquisition

The following is a summary of the author’s five-stage model of adult skill acquisition, developed in collaboration with Hubert L. Dreyfus. An earlier version of this article appeared in chapter 1 o...
Black Texas Women: 150 Years of Trial and Triumph

* Preface * Acknowledgments *"She Is My Sister" by Niobe * Part I. The Antebellum Period *1. Free Women of Color. "An honest, sober and industrious woman. " *2. Slavery. "Our slaves are the happiest...human beings on whom the sun shines." * Part II. Reconstruction and Redemption *3. First Freedom. "I belong to myself now." *4. Resistance. "Colored woman sues for damages." * Part III. Education and Culture *5. Freedmen's Bureau Schools and Public Schools "Send us teachers. " *6. Higher Education. "Conduct becoming ladies is insisted upon." *7. Culture and Social Life. "If you can sing gospel, you can sing the blues." * Part IV. The New Century *8. Work. "I would not take 'no' for an answer." *9. Clubs and Community Building. "Lifting as we climb." *10. The Fight for Suffrage and against Lynching. "Are you saying that we can't vote because we're Negroes?" * Part V. The Modern Period *11. World War II. "A splendid opportunity for colored women. " *12. The Civil Rights Movement. "The fight is on!" *13. Breaking the Glass Ceiling. "This is our time." *"Prelude to Ashe" by Hermine Pinson * Appendix 1. Educators * Appendix 2. Officeholders * Notes * Selected Bibliography * Photo Credits * Index
Inverse model for optimizing the process of fabricating a microstructure by Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition

A laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) process is capable of producing high aspect ratio microstructures of arbitrary shape and is rapid, flexible, and relatively inexpensive to operate. To achieve high resolution and accurate fabrication, predictive models must be developed for process control and optimization. In this paper, we present an inverse model for predicting and optimizing the scanning pattern of the laser beam on the surface of deposit in order to produce accurate microstructures with the desired geometry. We demonstrate the applicability of the model by simulating and optimizing the process for fabricating a microlens with a pre-specified geometry.
A UNIQUENESS THEOREM CONCERNING MOMENT DISTRIBUTIONS

Abstract If Y is normally distributed, then the random variable X with probability density function given by f(x) = et (x) p(x)/φY(t), has variance equal to that of Y. If Variance (X) = Variance (Y) for all t then Y has a normal distribution. The proof of this theorem is given in Section 2 and an example of the use of this theorem in small particle statistics is given in Section 3.