cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of restricted feeding of broad breasted bronze turkeys during the holding period on subsequent reproductive performance

Abstract THE restriction of the amount of feed or of the caloric intake of chicken hens prior to the laying season has been a popular topic in recent years, especially for meat-type breeder chickens. Producers of some strains of meat-type chickens are of the opinion that some method of retricting growth is essential for success with these birds. The turkey is also a meat-type bird, kept exclusively for the production of hatching eggs, and very little information is available on the effects of restricted feeding of turkeys on subsequent reproductive performance. Scott and Payne (1941) compared the reproductive performance of a group of Broad Breasted Bronze breeder turkeys on full-feed, with similar groups receiving 61% and 78% as much feed during the non-laying period, and with free access to feed thereafter. Such a period of restricted feed intake followed by a period of full-feeding enabled turkey breeders to gain weight during …
Decentralizing City Government The Citizen Survey as a Guide for Planning and Implementing Institutional Change

Citizen evaluations of two alternative forms of decentralizing city government- administrative and political-are analyzed from the perspective of the respondents' ethnicity, the socioeconomic composition of their neighborhoods, and their ap praisal of the delivery of essential city services. Data were collected in 1974 from a sample of 1,288 residents in selected Community Planning Districts m New York City. While the literature suggests that blacks are particularly receptive to decentral izing city government, the data reported here show that whites are more likely than blacks to endorse both administrative and political decentralization. The strongest commitment to decentralization comes from residents most dissatisfied with current service delivery and from a small but politically active segment of the public. Citizen feedback can serve as an integral component in the evaluation of service effectiveness and as an important mechanism m the search for alternative social change strategies directed to impr...
The Structure of Walking Activity in People After Stroke Compared With Older Adults Without Disability: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background People with stroke have reduced walking activity. It is not known whether this deficit is due to a reduction in all aspects of walking activity or only in specific areas. Understanding specific walking activity deficits is necessary for the development of interventions that maximize improvements in activity after stroke. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine walking activity in people poststroke compared with older adults without disability. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. Methods Fifty-four participants poststroke and 18 older adults without disability wore a step activity monitor for 3 days. The descriptors of walking activity calculated included steps per day (SPD), bouts per day (BPD), steps per bout (SPB), total time walking per day (TTW), percentage of time walking per day (PTW), and frequency of short, medium, and long walking bouts. Results Individuals classified as household and limited community ambulators (n=29) did not differ on any measure and were grouped (HHA-LCA group) for comparison with unlimited community ambulators (UCA group) (n=22) and with older adults without disability (n=14). The SPD, TTW, PTW, and BPD measurements were greatest in older adults and lowest in the HHA-LCA group. Seventy-two percent to 74% of all walking bouts were short, and this finding did not differ across groups. Walking in all categories (short, medium, and long) was lowest in the HHA-LCA group, greater in the UCA group, and greatest in older adults without disability. Limitations Three days of walking activity were captured. Conclusions The specific descriptors of walking activity presented provide insight into walking deficits after stroke that cannot be ascertained by looking at steps per day alone. The deficits that were revealed could be addressed through appropriate exercise prescription, underscoring the need to analyze the structure of walking activity.
Microscopic theory of a dense Fermi liquid at low temperatures: I. Formal development and quasiparticle interpretation

Abstract The microscopic equilibrium theory of a Fermi liquid developed by Lee, Yang, and Mohling is considered in the high-density, low-temperature region. It is found that, in this limit, a set of polarization-type diagrams dominate the graphical summations appearing in the theory. In the approximation in which only these diagrams are considered, explicit expressions for the grand potential and particle momentum distribution are derived. It is found that the system obeys a set of equations similar to those postulated by Landau. A “statistical” quasiparticle interpretation of the theory is developed and discussed.
Microplane finite element analysis of tube-squash test of concrete with shear angles up to 70°

Finite element analysis of the response of concrete structures to impact events such as missile penetration, explosive driving of anchors, blast, ground shock or seismic loading, requires knowledge of the stress–strain relations for concrete for finite strain at high pressures. A novel type of material test achieving very large shear angles of concrete at very large pressures, called the tube-squash test, can be used to calibrate a concrete model taking into account plastic deformation at extreme pressures. A finite element analysis of such a test is performed by using a finite strain generalization of microplane models for concrete and steel. The results obtained are in good agreement with those previously obtained with a simplified method of analysis. Thus, they provide a validation of the microplane model, which is shown to be capable of reproducing the response of concrete not only for small strains at small pressures, which is predominantly brittle, but also for high pressures and large finite strains, which is predominantly frictional plastic. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Sex Offender Registration and Notification Laws in the United States: A Time-Series Analysis

Although federal legislation for the implementation of sex offender registration and notification systems is now a decade old, empirical studies on the efficacy of this policy are relatively nonextant. This article explores the impact of registration legislation on the incidence of forcible rapes. Using monthly count data of rapes aggregated at the state level, this analysis uses Box–Jenkins autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to conduct 10 intervention analyses on the enforcement of Megan's Law. The results of the analyses are mixed on whether the enforcement of sex offender registration had a statistically significant effect on the number of rapes reported at the state level. Although several states showed a nonsignificant increase in the number of rapes, only three states had a significant reduction in rapes. Policy implications are discussed in terms of the efficacy of sex offender registration and whether changes in these laws should be considered.
Methodological Lessons Learned from Conducting Civic Education Research in High Schools

With the growing size of the “Millennial Generation” and its potential impact on American democracy, the civic education of this cohort deserves study. Using news media and discussion of politics at home and in the classroom at four public high schools in New Jersey, we conducted an experiment to measure changes in media use, political knowledge, and political efficacy. Although the experiment generated useful substantive findings, we also learned important lessons about the challenges associated with conducting research in high schools. We present suggestions to aid in studying a crucial segment of the population: adolescents who are on the cusp of entering the electorate.
Identification of multifunctional small molecule-based reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors

The design of multifunctional, neuroprotective compounds has received increasing attention due to their perceived utility in targeting not only the diverse comorbidity of neurological disorders, but also the typically complex pathoetiological pathways leading to these disorders, including insoluble proteins associated with many human neurodegenerative diseases of aging and radical-generating enzyme actions in the brain. For this purpose, herein, we present inhibitory studies on monoamine oxidase (MAO) of a chemical library composed of stilbene-like derivatives that have potential applications in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), with the ability to modulate metal-induced amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and neurotoxicity in vitro and in living cells. Two isoforms of MAO, MAOA and MAOB, are well-known drug targets for depression and Parkinson's disease (PD), respectively. Interestingly, inhibition and binding affinity studies of MAO with our chemical series indicated that three compounds, L1-b, L2-b, and L3-b, exhibited potent and relatively selective inhibitory effects of MAOB. In particular, L2-b was observed to be the most effective MAOB inhibitor in our chemical library showing a reversible and competitive inhibition. Generally, compounds having a dimethylamino moiety in our chemical family showed greater MAO inhibition suggesting a structure–activity relationship. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the stilbene-like scaffolds could be utilized for developing promising multifunctional, neuroprotective agents for several neurodegenerative diseases.
Optimal trellis-based buffered compression and fast approximations

The authors formalize the description of the buffer-constrained adaptive quantization problem. For a given set of admissible quantizers used to code a discrete nonstationary signal sequence in a buffer-constrained environment, they formulate the optimal solution. They also develop slightly suboptimal but much faster approximations. These solutions are valid for any globally minimum distortion criterion, which is additive over the individual elements of the sequence. As a first step, they define the problem as one of constrained, discrete optimization and establish its equivalence to some of the problems studied in the field of integer programming. Forward dynamic programming using the Viterbi algorithm is shown to provide a way of computing the optimal solution. Then, they provide a heuristic algorithm based on Lagrangian optimization using an operational rate-distortion framework that, with computing complexity reduced by an order of magnitude, approaches the optimally achievable performance. The algorithms can serve as a benchmark for assessing the performance of buffer control strategies and are useful for applications such as multimedia workstation displays, video encoding for CD-ROMs, and buffered JPEG coding environments, where processing delay is not a concern but decoding buffer size has to be minimized. >
Service Learning and Teaching about Globalization

Service and activist learning (SAL) and teaching about globalization can be mutually reinforcing pedagogies. SAL combines community activity with social analysis, attracting many students who want to make the world better. Integrating globalization helps them place local problems in the context of world trade and investment policies and dynamics. Rather than feeling overwhelmed by the complexity of global processes, students explore ways of responding in their daily lives and become more effective social change advocates. JEL classification: A20; B50; F02
Evolution’s republic: Groundwork for a biosocial contract

Are the concepts of the state of nature and the social contract still relevant for contemporary political theory? I argue that these ideas from early modern and Enlightenment political theory can b...
Moments Based Blind Calibration in Mobile Sensor Networks

In-field calibration of sensor devices is known to be a challenging problem because there is often no access to a controlled signal field and/or a pre-calibrated device to measure the existing signal field. In this paper, we describe a blind calibration scheme that is tailored for sensor networks with mobile nodes. The scheme proposed in this paper exploits the fact that sensor devices are moving in the same region and hence the signal statistics they observe over time are almost the same. Analysis and simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
The fungal frontier

Fungal biology has long provided mechanistic insight into the workings of all eukaryotes, and the growing number of sequenced fungal genomes - 56 and counting - is yielding unprecedented views of genome evolution and its sometimes surprising driving forces. New research is uncovering why pathogens are pathogenic, how fungi respond to their environment, what forces drive the divergence of related species, and what processes underlie this evolution. Never was this more apparent than at the fungal genetics conference in Asilomar this March.
On Modeling and Simulation of the Discharging Activity in Electrochemical Discharge Machining

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is a promising machining technology to process non-conducing and brittle materials, featuring high throughput and good accuracy in meso and micro scale machining of hard-to-machine materials. Currently ECDM has not yet attracted wide interest from the industry because of the low controllability and repeatability. There is a huge gap in process optimization to make ECDM viable in industry. A good process model is essential to achieve an improved and optimized process. The fundamental of ECDM is the discharging activity, which triggers various mechanisms to remove material. Therefore characterization of sparks from the aspects of electrical and thermal properties is the premise of process modeling. In this paper, experimental investigation and modeling of discharging activity was presented. The spark releasing process was studied in terms of discharge energy, intensity distribution, and material removal. Conic tool electrodes were fabricated to achieve more consistent discharging. The material removal mechanism was revealed by analytical derivation and simulated with numerical methods.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
La recapitulación estética para un porvenir democrático

Un vinculo necesario entre estetica y socializacion explica la profundidad sensible que debe construir todo cambio de paradigma y toda re–socializacion. La democracia no funciona sin una apropiacion individual y colectiva del sentir y de la produccion de sentir. Es a partir entonces del trabajo artistico y de la instrospeccion y exteriorizacion de la dimension sensible, que toda transformacion puede ser aplicada. Se recorren parcialmente los pensamientos de Alain Badiou y Bernard Stiegler. A required link between aesthetic and socialization explains the sensitive depth that all paradigm and re–socialization must build. Democracy does not work without an individual and collective ownership of feeling and feeling’s production. It is from the artwork and the introspection and externalization of the sensitive dimension, that any transformation can be applied. The article covers partially the thoughts of Alain Badiou and Bernard Stiegler.
The Amount of Women’s Sports Coverage on International Sports News Websites’ Home Pages Content Analysis of the Top Two Sites From Canada, France, Great Britain, and the United States

A major topic of analysis in sport in Western media has been the gender gap between the amount of coverage dedicated to men’s sports compared to the amount of coverage women’s sports receive. Most of the existing research on the gender gap in sports coverage has been conducted in traditional media, but the creation and development of the internet gave new hopes to women’s sports representatives to bridge the gap. This study is a yearlong, quantitative content analysis of the home pages of eight sports news websites from four Western countries—the United States, Canada, France, and Great Britain. The goal is to determine whether the “symbolic annihilation” of women in sports found in traditional media coverage is perpetrated online, a platform on which journalists and editors are not limited by time or space.
Safety and Efficacy of the Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator

Multiple randomized, multicenter trials have established the role of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in the treatment and prevention of sudden cardiac death. However, transvenous ICD leads have significant short- and long-term complications, offsetting some of the benefit of this therapy. This has led to the development of the entirely subcutaneous ICD. This system is safe and effective, avoiding the need for intravascular leads. It is best suited for patients at low risk for pacing and increased risk for transvenous lead complications. Ongoing randomized and long-term registries will help identify the optimal role of this device in clinical practice.
Improvements to SUGGAR and DiRTlib for Overset Store Separation Simulations

SUGGAR is a general overset grid assembly capability that is targeted at moving body simulations. DiRTlib is a library that encapsulates the functionality required to perform the overset interpolation and communications required in an overset composite grid solution. This paper describes enhancements that have been made to SUGGAR and DiRTlib to improve the performance and capability for moving body problems. A procedure to adapt the grids to overlap requirements is demonstrated and found effective in reducing or eliminating the orphans due to insufficient overlap. In addition, SUGGAR can also be linked into the flow solver as a library to provide a capability integral to the flow solver. The paper documents the library interface and discusses modifications required to the flow solver to utilize SUGGAR as a library. Finally, a new overset domain connectivity code, Suggar++, is being developed, and this paper briefly discusses the improvements it offers relative to SUGGAR.
Chrysotile Asbestos in the Lungs of Persons in New York City

When inhaled, chrysotile tends to split into unit fibrils 200 to 400 Angstroms in diameter, invisible with optical microscopy. Further, it is altered chemically and physically in vivo. Therefore, attempts to identify unaltered chrysotile in the core of “asbestos bodies” have many pitfalls, especially when such attempts are limited by optical microscopy. High-magnification electron-microscopic examination of representative small samples of lung unequivocally showed chrysotile asbestos to be present in 24 of 28 consecutive New York city autopsy cases. Our data demonstrate that chrysotile fibers and fibrils are present in the lungs of New York city residents. Similar observations have been made in London. We anticipate that what is now known for New York and London will be found in other cities as well.
Incorporating Risk in Comparisons of Alternative Pest Control Methods

Risk considerations in evaluation of pest control methods are discussed, and a treatment of risk concepts is provided. The techniques of stochastic dominance for risk analysis are explained, and information requirements are specified. The approach is illustrated by economic analysis of citrus thrips, Scirtothrips citri (Moulton) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), control methods.
Enhancement of human guanylate cyclase activity by chemical carcinogens.

SummaryThe effect of three carcinogens, streptozotocin, methylnitrosourea, and hydrazine, on guanylate cyclase activity in a variety of human tissues obtained from autopsy specimens 1 to 12 hr after death was examined. Streptozotocin and methylnitrosourea produced two- to sixfold increases in guanylate cyclase activity in lung, liver, colon, kidney, stomach, duodenum, heart, and pancreas. Hydrazine, increased guanylate cyclase activity 21-fold in lung, 52-fold in pancreas, 35-fold in kidney, 24-fold in heart, and 9-fold in liver. The data in this report may help explain the tumor-inducing capacity of these three carcinogens.The authors thank the following for their helpful assistance in obtaining tissue for the study: Drs. Everett V. Sugarbaker, George Irvin, III, Raymond Schaerf, Ronald K. Wright, Elidio C. Fernandez, and Taryn Price. We also thank Dr. Barbara Levey for critical review of this manuscript.These studies were supported in part by NIH Grant No. HL 13715-06, and by a grant from the Juvenile D...
Instability-triggered phase transition to a dusty-plasma condensate.

Highly charged dust grains in plasma discharges reside at the sheath edge, where the ions stream toward the electrode at speed $\ensuremath{\sim}{c}_{s}$. Above a critical pressure ${P}_{\mathrm{crit}}$, the grains lose their kinetic energy and reach a strongly coupled crystalline state, but for $Pl{P}_{\mathrm{crit}}$ the grains acquire a large random kinetic energy and act like a fluid. We show that the dust heating in the fluid phase is due to an ion-dust two-stream instability, which is stabilized at $Pg{P}_{\mathrm{crit}}$ by the combined effect of ion-molecule and grain-molecule collisions.
Research of Series Resonant Capacitor Charging Power Supply Using PWM Strategy

High power pulse technology is an important supporting technology for scientific research in the fields of national defense,high and new technology,et al.It has got widespread applications in many aspects.Mainly,pulsed power system is made up of primary energy,power conditioning system,energy storage units,pulse forming network(PFN),switches and loads,etc.In the application circumstance where the primary energy is electrical energy and the energy storage units are capacitors,the corresponding power conditioning system is called capacitor charging power supply(CCPS).Series resonant CCPS circuits have three kinds of working modes,one of which is pulse width modulation.Recently,this kind of soft switching technology has been attracted great attention.To investigate the operation process of series resonant CCPS,the schematic diagram as well as the equivalent circuits of different phases are proposed.The mathematic model of the circuit is constructed.Based on the mathematic equations,by using mathematic simulation method,the working state of the resonant circuit is proposed when the output voltage is varied.Besides,the main waveforms of the circuit are given.The experimental results indicate that the control scheme applied is correct and the charging system is effective.
Determination of Aluminum in Fried Bread Stick by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Objective To develop a simple,rapid and accurate method for determination of aluminum in fried bread stick by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Method The samples were directly determined by ICP-MS after digestion with nitric acid,and the mixed internal standard was used to correct matrix interference and signal drifting.Results The detection limit was 11.2 μg/kg.The RSD was less than 4.9%.Recoveries for samples were in the range of 93.0%-98.0%.The results of detection of standard reference materiel were satisfactory.Conclusion This method was simple,rapid and accurate,and could be used to determine the concentration of aluminum in fried bread stick.
A retrospective comparison of interscalene block and general anesthesia for ambulatory surgery shoulder arthroscopy.

Background and Objectives An increasing percentage of all surgery is performed in an ambulatory surgery setting. Concurrently, arthroscopy of the shoulder joint has allowed definitive repair of shoulder pathology to occur in this environment. This study was designed to ascertain whether interscalene block is reliable and efficient for use in same-day surgery compared with general anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed patients treated at the University of Connecticut over a 42-month period in the same-day surgery unit. Of 263 patients, 160 had a general anesthetic and 103 had an interscalene block. All times recorded for the study were contemporaneously logged into the operating room computer data base from which they were extracted. Data on complications were retrieved from individual patient charts and hospital quality assurance files. Results Compared to general anesthesia, regional anesthesia required significantly less total nonsurgical intraoperative time use (53 ± 12 vs. 62 ± 13 minutes, P = .0001) and also decreased postanesthesia care unit stay (72 ± 24 vs. 102 ± 40, P = .0001). Interscalene block anesthesia resulted in significantly fewer unplanned admissions for therapy of severe pain, sedation, or nausea/vomiting than general anesthesia (0 vs. 13, P = .004) and an acceptable failure rate (8.7%). Conclusions Interscalene block should be considered as a viable alternative to general anesthesia for shoulder arthroscopy in ambulatory surgery patients.
[Early orthodontic treatment: indications and treatment modalities].

早期正畸矫治是当代正畸学的重要组成部分[1].由于使用固定矫治器的全面正畸治疗疗程长,患者还会承受某些治疗风险,包括釉质脱矿、龋齿、牙龈和牙周炎症及牙根吸收等[2-4] ,而且疗程越长,风险往往也越大,患者的花费也越高,而患者的求治热情和合作程度却会下降.因此, 治疗的择期和效率成为正畸治疗中的重要课题.Sadowsky[5] 认为:"在最短时间内,以最小的组织损伤及社会心理和花费上的代价达到最完美的治疗,才是最佳的正畸矫治."对某些错适当地实施早期矫治, 可使随后的全面矫治得以简化,还能避免风险并促进总体矫治的效果.不过,早期正畸矫治应是有限治疗,手段宜从简.一旦达到矫治目的, 早期矫治即应终止,这样才可以避免不必要的并发症及消耗患者的积极性。
Automated Microchromatography Enables Multiplexing of Immunoaffinity Enrichment of Peptides to Greater than 150 for Targeted MS-Based Assays.

Immunoaffinity enrichment of peptides coupled with analysis by stable isotope dilution multiple reaction mass spectrometry has been shown to have analytical performance and detection limits suitable for many biomarker verification studies and biological applications. Prior studies have shown that antipeptide antibodies can be multiplexed up to 50 in a single assay without significant loss of performance. Achieving higher multiplex levels is relevant to all studies involving precious biological material as this minimizes the amount of sample that must be consumed to measure a given set of analytes and reduces the assay cost per analyte. Here we developed automated methods employing the Agilent AssayMAP Bravo microchromatography platform and used these methods to characterize the performance of immunoaffinity enrichment of peptides up to multiplex levels of 172. Median capture efficiency for the target peptides remained high (88%) even at levels of 150-plex and declined to 70% at 172-plex compared to antibo...
Endothelial cells: a source and target of oxidant damage.

By virtue of their position interposed between the blood and the tissues, endothelial cells are ideally placed to receive both blood-borne and tissue-derived signals. By the same token, endothelial cells and their products are strategically situated to interact directly with cells and molecules of blood and with the underlying tissues. We now know that endothelial cells are highly metabolically active and responsive cells that control the passage of substances across the vascular wall and regulate the quality and quantity of circulating bioactive molecules.1 Many of the interactions of endothelial cells with cell types such a neutrophils and macrophages may involve the endothelial cell as the target of oxidant injury2,3 (see also P.A. Ward, this volume). However, endothelial cells themselves can respond to stimuli to release active products, including oxygen metabolites, into the surroundings. Some of these endothelial-derived products may serve a regulatory function as in the case of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), and its actions on platelets and smooth muscle cells, while others are presumably designed as a cellular defense mechanism against, for example, microbial infection. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that endothelial cells can respond to a wide variety of stimuli with an equally wide range of responses. However, what is less clear is how the endothelium translates the signal into the response.
Suvorexant (Belsomra) for Insomnia.

Suvorexant effectively increases total sleep time and decreases time to sleep onset. Because of its risk of abuse, significant incidence of next-day impairment, and high cost, it should be reserved for use in patients for whom other insomnia therapies, such as cognitive behavior therapy and lifestyle changes, have failed.
10kV SiC MPS diodes for high temperature applications

This paper presents the device structure and characterization results of 10-kV 4H-SiC MPS diodes from room temperature to 200°C and compares them with JBS and PiN diodes fabricated on the same wafer. The results showed that SiC MPS diodes exhibit superior trade-off between forward voltage drop and low reverse recovery charge with increasing temperature. Results of numerical simulation are shown to explain the behavior of MPS diodes.
Neurodegenerative disorders: Neural synchronization in Alzheimer's disease

Electrical oscillations generated by neural circuits are disrupted in Alzheimer's disease. Restoring these oscillations in mouse models activates immune cells to clear disease-associated amyloid-β protein from the brain. See Article p.230 Disrupted gamma rhythms—oscillations in the brain's neuronal circuits at around 20–50 Hz—are hallmarks of various neurological disorders and have been seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease and specific mouse models of the disease. Li-Huei Tsai and colleagues show that gamma oscillations are also disrupted in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, and find reduced gamma prior to plaque formation and cognitive decline. Remarkably, by training neurons to oscillate at gamma frequency (40 Hz) in multiple mouse models including APP/PS1 and wild-type mice, amyloid-β peptide levels could be reduced.
Potential Cost Savings of Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to discuss whether the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced digital mammography (CEDM) render it a viable diagnostic alternative to breast MRI. CONCLUSION. That CEDM couples low-energy images (comparable to the diagnostic quality of standard mammography) and subtracted contrast-enhanced mammograms make it a cost-effective modality and a realistic substitute for the more costly breast MRI.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Citywide Emergency Department Care-Coordination Program to Reduce Prescription Opioid-Related Visits: An Economic Evaluation

Abstract Background Care provided in the emergency department (ED) can cost up to five times as much as care received for comparable diagnoses in alternative settings. Small groups of patients, many of whom suffer from an opioid use disorder, often account for a large proportion of total ED visits. We recently conducted, and demonstrated the effectiveness of, the first randomized controlled trial of a citywide ED care-coordination program intending to reduce prescription-opioid-related ED visits. All EDs in the metropolitan study area were connected to a Web-based information exchange system. Objective The objective of this article was to perform an economic evaluation of the 12-month trial from a third-party-payer perspective. Methods We modeled the person-period monthly for the 12-month observation period, and estimated total treatment costs and return on investment (ROI) with regard to cost offsets, over time, for all visits where the patient was admitted to and discharged from the ED. Results By the end of month 4, the mean cumulative cost differential was significantly lower for intervention relative to treatment-as-usual participants (−$1370; p = 0.03); this figure climbed to −$3200 ( p = 0.02) by the end of month 12. The ROI trended upward throughout the observation period, but failed to reach statistical significance by the end of month 12 (ROI = 3.39, p = 0.07). Conclusion The intervention produced significant cost offsets by the end of month 4, which continued to accumulate throughout the trial; however, ROI was not significant. Because the per-patient administrative costs of the program are incurred at the time of enrollment, our results highlight the importance of future studies that are able to follow participants for a period beyond 12 months to more accurately estimate the program's ROI.
Whispering gallery germanium-on-silicon photodetector.

We design and demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first whispering gallery germanium-on-silicon photodetector with evanescent coupling from a silicon bus waveguide in a CMOS-compatible process. The small footprint (63.6 μm2), high responsivity (∼1.04 A/W at 1530 nm), low bias voltage (-1 V), low dark current (2.03 nA), and large optoelectric bandwidth (32.9 GHz) of the detector enable simultaneous wavelength filtering and power detection, ideal for handling large network data traffic. In addition, with the resonant nature of the detector, we also optimize the design to enable long-wavelength detection, achieving a separate device with a detection range of up to 1630 nm with a >0.45 A/W responsivity, making it an important building block for optical communication networks.
Incidence of Dicymolomia julianalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Musk Thistle in Tennessee

The incidence of the pyralid Dicymolomia julianalis (Walker) on musk thistle, Carduus thoermeri (Weinmann), was monitored at 15 sites in eastern and middle Tennessee during 1989 and 1990. Seed head...
A Game-Theoretic Approach to Design Secure and Resilient Distributed Support Vector Machines

Distributed support vector machines (DSVMs) have been developed to solve large-scale classification problems in networked systems with a large number of sensors and control units. However, the systems become more vulnerable, as detection and defense are increasingly difficult and expensive. This paper aims to develop secure and resilient DSVM algorithms under adversarial environments in which an attacker can manipulate the training data to achieve his objective. We establish a game-theoretic framework to capture the conflicting interests between an adversary and a set of distributed data processing units. The Nash equilibrium of the game allows predicting the outcome of learning algorithms in adversarial environments and enhancing the resilience of the machine learning through dynamic distributed learning algorithms. We prove that the convergence of the distributed algorithm is guaranteed without assumptions on the training data or network topologies. Numerical experiments are conducted to corroborate the results. We show that the network topology plays an important role in the security of DSVM. Networks with fewer nodes and higher average degrees are more secure. Moreover, a balanced network is found to be less vulnerable to attacks.
Text and User Interfaces

In this chapter, you will learn how to display text, create buttons that display an image or text, and design a user interface using tables. First, you will be introduced to these skills by adding these features to the Starfish Collector game from Chapter 3, as shown in Figure 5-1. Then, you will build on and strengthen these skills while learning how to create cutscenes (sometimes called in-game cinematics) that provide a narrative element to your games; a cutscene for Starfish Collector is shown in Figure 5-2.
Mother-Child Relationships in Rehabilitation of the Physically Disabled:

1. The mother-child relationship may constitute an obstacle to the effective rehabilitation of the disabled younger group. This relationship has to be seen as a dynamic one, involving the body imag...
Voice Outcomes of Lipoinjection Versus Medialization Laryngoplasty for Nonparalytic Glottic Insufficiency.

OBJECTIVE To compare voice outcomes of autogenous fat injection versus medialization laryngoplasty in patients with glottic insufficiency due to vocal fold paresis or atrophy. METHODS A retrospective review was performed from 2009 to 2017 of all patients who underwent lipoinjection or medialization laryngoplasty (ML) for glottic insufficiency. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, preoperative diagnosis, surgical intervention, Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) and Glottal Function Index (GFI) scores, follow-up time (minimum 3 months), and concomitant voice therapy. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were initially identified and limited to 28 based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thirty-five procedures were performed with a total of 15 fat injections and 20 MLs. The mean age was 60.7 years in the lipoinjection group and 55.6 years in the ML group. There was no significant difference in pretreatment VHI-10 scores between the two groups. Using the lowest recorded voice scores during the follow-up period, both groups had a significant decrease (P < 0.05) compared to preoperative scores (VHI-10: fat decreased from 27.8 to 14.2, ML decreased from 30.5 to 9.1; GFI: fat decreased from 13.7 to 5.27, ML decreased from 13.6 to 4.6). When evaluating the entire follow-up period (median 19 months in fat group, 16.3 months in ML), only the ML group maintained a significant improvement in VHI-10 (median delta 14.5) and GFI (median delta 7) compared to preoperative scores. CONCLUSION Although both autogenous fat injection and ML result in improved voice scores in the short term, the effect of fat injection appears to be limited, as evidenced by worsening VHI-10 and GFI scores over time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 129:1164-1168, 2019.
Trick or Treaty: The Negotiation and Articles of Union in the Context of Mercantilist Ideas

This chapter examines the economics of the Articles of Union, integrating the concepts of positive balance to assess what each side hoped to gain, and structural violence to analyze how England prevented Scotland from getting any advantage over itself. The articles on economic issues such as taxation, debt, and the Equivalent are explored both at the drafting stage and in the debates in the Scottish Parliament before their passage. The articles on the dissolution of the parliament, the Company of Scotland, and movement of the capital are also discussed for their long-term economic implications. In particular, the issue of reduced representation for Scotland is analyzed as a form of structural violence wherein Scotland was ensured of never attaining a majority over their English counterparts.
Vascular imaging in renal donors

Imaging plays a crucial role in pre-transplant evaluation to enhance the probability of a successful outcome. Its aim is to define kidney and vascular anatomy and to assess potential pathologies. Each modality has advantages and disadvantages. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the most commonly used imaging modality, however, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can be used in selected cases. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of available imaging modalities, their benefits, risks, advantages, and disadvantages. Imaging findings that indicate particular anomalies and pathologies that may affect living renal donor selection will be discussed.
Superlattice formation in colloidal nanocrystal suspensions: Hard-sphere freezing and depletion effects

Superlattice formation in dried suspensions of colloidal silver nanocrystals (AgNCs) is investigated through a combination of experiment, theory, and simulation. Using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, we explore the phase behavior of dried AgNC suspensions, and we model the system using Monte Carlo simulations of a coarse-grained model with an effective pair potential that accounts for the composition of the nanocrystal core, the stabilizing ligand shell, and entropic effects associated with unbound ligand in solution. In the absence of free ligands, the effective potential at ligand contact is purely repulsive, and we find superlattice formation at an effective AgNC volume fraction close to that anticipated for hard-sphere freezing. In the presence of free ligands, the effective potential becomes attractive, and crystallization is accompanied by phase separation and multiphase coexistence, as anticipated for colloid-polymer mixtures.
19 Judgment and Decision Making

Judgment and decision making (JDM) is a large and growing research field spanning a wide range of psychological issues associated with human choice. It is primarily descriptive, although normative and prescriptive issues often emerge as researchers identify what they see as errors in human decision making and suggest ways in which they might be remedied. In the early section of this review we sample many of JDM's major themes: basic processes of inference (Section 2) and prediction (Section 3), of preference and value generation (Section 4), and of the mechanisms by which these factors are embodied in actual choices of courses of action (Section 5). These individual-level mechanisms, historically represented by variants of Expected Utility models dating back to the 18th century, have led to such recognizable recent syntheses as Prospect Theory. In addition to this focus on (intendedly) rational processes, an emerging JDM interest (described in Section 6) examines the role of emotion in decision making, including both visceral emotions such as fear and anger and more cognitive emotions such as regret and disappointment. Building from this work on individual choice events, other parts of JDM have examined both linked sequences of decisions (Section 7) and decisions that include several or many individuals either cooperatively (as in a group decision) or competitively (as in a negotiation) (Section 8). Finally we offer some brief thoughts on promising directions for further extending JDM's already impressive reach. Keywords: judgment; decision making; inference; heuristics; prediction; preferences; values; framing; Expected Utility; Prospect Theory; emotions; information search; sunk costs; group decisions; negotiations
Interlingual Interfaces in Chinese Language Learning and Its Use: Exploring Language Transfer Errors in Chinese Writing

Adopting Dulay, Burt and Krashen (1982), James (1998) and Zheng and Park (2013) 's system of error classification, this study investigates L1 transfer errors from English to Chinese based on Chinese translation texts written by intermediate-level American university students. These errors were identified and co-coded using the NVivo qualitative text analysis software program. For example, 在白天做健康的东西[事情] (do healthy things in the day.). It is coded under the subcategories of noun and misformation. Using obtained data, the NVivo program presents the frequency of error types and their attributes. The findings contribute to both theoretical and pedagogical issues by focusing on error types common to Chinese L2 learners and typically manifested in Chinese written production due to influences from English. Finally, this study sheds light on implications for instruction on different types of errors in classroom and on intercultural ambiguity.
Ethacrynic Acid Can Inhibit Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Induce Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells.

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by an abnormal balance in signals for survival and cell death. Recently, CLL cells are shown to have an activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may contribute to the apoptosis-resistant state characteristic of this disease. Accordingly, inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may compromise the viability of CLL cells in vitro and in vivo. To identify potential inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we screened the Gen-Plus drug library using a Wnt/β-catenin TOPflash reporter plasmid in HEK293 cells. Although 99% of the 960 drugs screened with this assay, including many clinically used alkylating agents and anti-metabolites, did not inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, ethacrynic acid (EA), a once commonly used diuretic agent, displayed potent inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. EA has an unsaturated lactone nucleophile that can react with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), but not other anti-oxidants, prevented EA from inhibiting the trans-activation function of β-catenin. Treatment of CLL cells with EA caused a time-dependent decrease in protein levels of the Wnt/β-catenin regulated LEF-1 transcription factor, which is overexpressed in CLL cells, compared to normal blood lymphocytes. Treatment with EA also caused a concentration dependent decrease in cyclin D1 and fibronectin levels in CLL cells as detected by Q-PCR. Collectively, these results suggest that EA can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CLL cells, and this effect is mediated by the ability of EA to modify sulfhydryl groups on key proteins, rather than by non-specific nucleophilic attack or increased cellular oxidative stress alone. Cell viability assays showed that EA induced cell death in primary CLL cells with a mean IC50 of 3 uM, a concentration achieved in previous clinical trials with the drug in patients with solid tumors. EA at 3 uM also enhanced by 6–10 fold the cytotoxicity of fludarabine in CLL cells from both fludarabine sensitive and resistant patients. At the same concentration, EA did not cause significant cell death of normal blood mononuclear cells. These results, therefore, suggest the therapeutic potential of EA in CLL, based on a novel mechanism of targeting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Energy Levels of F 18

The ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\alpha}){\mathrm{N}}^{14}$ differential cross sections reported in the previous paper have been analyzed using the dispersion formalism to obtain properties of the energy levels of ${\mathrm{F}}^{18}$. A detailed fit of the calculated cross section to the experimental data was possible for the two broad resonances in the 3-Mev (lab) region. The 3.7-Mev (lab) anomaly cannot be accounted for by a single level. For the remaining levels, a detailed fit of the calculated cross section to the experimental data was not attempted. It was possible, however, to restrict the $J$ values and parity of these levels by a qualitative inspection of the data.
A novel gamma GLM approach to MRI relaxometry comparisons

Author(s): Kapre, Rohan; Zhou, Junhan; Li, Xinzhe; Beckett, Laurel; Louie, Angelique Y | Abstract: PurposeTo demonstrate that constant coefficient of variation (CV), but nonconstant absolute variance in MRI relaxometry (T1 , T2 , R1 , R2 ) data leads to erroneous conclusions based on standard linear models such as ordinary least squares (OLS). We propose a gamma generalized linear model identity link (GGLM-ID) framework that factors the inherent CV into parameter estimates. We first examined the effects on calculations of contrast agent relaxivity before broadening to other applications such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and liver iron content (LIC).MethodsEightnmodels including OLS and GGLM-ID were initially fit to data obtained on sulfated dextran iron oxide (SDIO) nanoparticles. Both a resampling simulation on the data as well as two separate Monte Carlo simulations (with and without concentration error) were performed to determine mean square error (MSE) and type I error rate. We then evaluated the performance of OLS/GGLM-ID on R1 repeatability and LIC data sets.ResultsOLS had an MSE of 4-5× that of GGLM-ID as well as a type I error rate of 20-30%, whereas GGLM-ID was near the nominal 5% level in the relaxivity study. Only OLS found statistically significant effects of MRI facility on relaxivity in an R1 repeatability study, but no significant differences were found in a resampling, whereas GGLM was more consistent. GGLM-ID was also superior to OLS for modeling LIC.ConclusionsOLS leads to erroneous conclusions when analyzing MRI relaxometry data. GGLM-ID factors in the inherent CV of an MRI experiment, leading to more reproducible conclusions.
Microfiber Pollution from Source to Mitigation

The washing processes of synthetic fabrics have been identified as one of the main source of microplastic pollution in marine environment. Novel procedures to evaluate and quantify microplastics released during washings were developed as well as innovative approaches to reduce the microplastic’s release.