cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground-penetrating radar antenna modeling

Detecting subsurface objects by using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has received considerable interest. In order to interpret radar signals from buried objects, one must have the ability to model a large range of objects, grounds and radar antennas, theoretically or numerically, so that a real GPR system can be simulated. Many investigations have been done for modeling objects (scatterers) and grounds, but few have involved realistic antennas. This paper presents a technique to model real GPR antennas located above a ground in which an object is buried. Numerical results are presented to verify this technique.
POPULATION REGULATION, CONVERGENCE, AND CANNIBALISM IN NOTONECTA (HEMIPTERA)'

In a population convergence experiment, the initial densities of adults of the predatory backswimming bug Notonecta hoflmanni were set above and below a putative equilibrium density in stock tanks. The experiment was done at two constant rates of food supply (wingless Drosophila) for the larger instars (in natural pools Notonecta feed mainly on terrestrial arthropods that fall on the water surface). It was predicted that the densities of the resulting populations would converge on an equilibrium set by the rate of food supply for the larger instars. The tanks also contained zooplankton (mainly Daphnia), which were the main food supply of the smaller instars of Notonecta. The resulting over- wintering populations converged towards the appropriate equilibrium densities, via density- dependent and food-dependent fecundity and then cannibalism. However, the populations overshot their equilibria, producing overconvergence. In natural populations such over- convergence might tend to produce 2-yr cycles in abundance. Overconvergence resulted from the insensitivity of the survivorship of the original adults (at least over the short term) to differences in food supply between treatments, allowing them to continue to affect (via cannibalism and reproduction) the eventual density of the new overwintering popu- lation. Because Notonecta population density was determined by the externally supplied, locally uncoupled food supply, even though the early instars depended for food largely upon dynamic populations of zooplankton, the dynamics of the Notonecta population were simpler than a description of the food web might suggest.
A New Look at Polidori

Critics of the works of John William Polidori, the author of The Vampyre (1819), have often glossed over the author’s background as a physician and overlooked the medical references in his fiction. These oversights are understandable in light of the inaccessibility of Polidori’s 1815 Latin medical thesis on somnambulism. Here the authors present the first published, full‐length English translation of Polidori’s thesis, entitled “Inaugural Medical Dissertation Concerning Certain Aspects of the Disease Called Oneirodynia.” This document contains two case studies of sleepwalkers along with reflections on central medical controversies of the Romantic era, such as the activity of the mind during sleep. In the companion essay that accompanies this translation, the authors examine how Polidori’s interest in somnambulism resurfaced in his fiction, particularly the trance‐like behaviors of his vampire villain, Lord Ruthven.
Monitoring metal fill profile in lost foam casting process using capacitive sensors and metal fill time estimation

Lost foam casting (LFC) is one of the most important casting methods used in the production of complex metal castings. Several casting defects may result due to an improper metal fill process during LFC; hence, monitoring the metal fill profile is important so that failures in the process can be quickly discovered. This paper presents a monitoring process based on capacitive sensors developed by the research team. In this application, an array of metallic electrodes is mounted around a target area and a set of capacitance measuring circuits are used to measure the mutual capacitances between these electrodes. Measuring the change in capacitance as grounded molten metal displaces the foam pattern provide a simple nondestructive method of acquiring metal fill information. An iterative algorithm for the estimation of metal fill time is also presented. This estimation utilizes better filtration and outlier detection techniques to provide a good prediction of the filling time. The proposed system also makes use of a wireless sensor network for transmitting data between the sensor boards and a computer running our metal fill monitoring application software; thus making this system suitable for the harsh foundry environment.
Open issues and challenges in providing quality of service guarantees in high-speed networks

In this paper we identify the challenges and open issues involved in providing quality-of-service (QOS) guarantees to sessions in a high-speed wide area network and briefly survey research in this area. Four approaches towards providing QOS guarantees are described and discussed: the tightly controlled approach, the approximate approach, the bounding approach, and the observation-based approach.
Dynamics of water transport and storage in conifers studied with deuterium and heat tracing techniques.

The volume and complexity of their vascular systems make the dynamics of long-distance water transport in large trees difficult to study. We used heat and deuterated water (D 2 O) as tracers to characterize whole-tree water transport and storage properties in individual trees belonging to the coniferous species Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. The trees used in this study spanned a broad range of height (13.5-58 m) and diameter (0.14-1.43 m). Sap flow was monitored continuously with heat dissipation probes near the base of the trunk prior to, during and following injec- tion of D 2 O. The transit time for D 2 O transport from the base of the trunk to the upper crown and the tracer resi- dence time were determined by measuring hydrogen iso- tope ratios in water extracted from leaves sampled at regular intervals. Transit times for arrival of D 2 O in the upper crown ranged from 2.5 to 21 d and residence times ranged from 36 to 79 d. Estimates of maximum sap veloc- ity derived from tracer transit times and path length ranged from 2.4 to 5.4 m d − 1 . Tracer residence time and half-life increased as tree diameter increased, independent of species. Species-independent scaling of tracer velocity with sapwood-specific conductivity was also observed. When data from this study were combined with similar data from an earlier study of four tropical angiosperm trees, species-independent scaling of tracer velocity and residence time with sapwood hydraulic capacitance was observed. Sapwood capacitance is an intrinsic tissue-level property that appears to govern whole-tree water trans- port in a similar manner among both tracheid- and vessel- bearing species.
Two-Port Representation of an Antenna With Application to Non-Foster Matching Networks

A new theoretical tool is introduced for treating an antenna as a two-port network. This tool is very useful for allowing the antenna and its matching network to be analyzed and optimized in a circuit simulator. In this paper, we apply the idea to the situation where the matching network of the antenna incorporates non-Foster (active) matching elements, and so overall circuit stability becomes an overriding consideration. Non-Foster matching networks are particularly interesting because they offer the potential to transform the antenna into an active component that is no longer limited by the gain-bandwidth-size constraints of passive antennas, and whose performance can be improved as semiconductor technology advances.
Paediatric spinal fusion surgery and the transition to home-based care: provider expectations and carer experiences.

There are more than 12 million children with special healthcare needs (CSHCNs) in the United States, many of whom require specialised health-care to treat chronic physical and developmental conditions. This study is a qualitative investigation of programme, surgical and at-home recovery experiences among CSHCNs and their family carers who participated in a spine surgical care programme at a paediatric hospital in the Western United States. The programme is designed to manage increased surgical risk and the transition of care from hospital to home for children with severe scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion surgery. We conducted 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews with 14 surgical team members and 16 family carers of children who had programme evaluations and spinal surgeries in 2006. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009 in hospital or at home locations to gather programme participation feedback from families and inform the adequacy of programme support to families during at-home recovery. Data were analysed by reflexive team and content analysis methodologies. Results showed the programme was effective at improving preoperative surgical evaluation and helping families to anticipate some aspects of the surgical experience and hospital discharge. However, the impact of spinal fusion surgery and the subsequent transition to home-based care was profoundly emotional for patients and their carers. Our data indicate that programme providers underestimated the extent of emotional trauma experienced by patients and families, particularly during the at-home recovery process. The data also suggest meaningful differences in providers' and carers' expectations for surgery. Carers' disappointment with their recovery experiences and the perceived lack of post-discharge support impacted their interpretations of and perspectives on their surgical experience. Implications of this research for surgical care programmes include the need for assessment and provision of support for physical, social, and emotional burdens experienced by patients and carers at pre-surgical, surgical and at-home recovery phases.
An update on the CMU virtual laboratory

The ECE department at CMU has implemented a new integrated curriculum which emphasizes learning in the context of applications. Development of a new laboratory paradigm has been critical to maximize conceptual learning while minimizing student busy work and faculty laboratory maintenance. The resulting virtual laboratory paradigm and redesign of the fundamental signals and systems course was the subject of a previous ICASSP paper. In this paper, continuing expansion of the virtual laboratory to embrace problem solving in engineering teams, through creation of the virtual laboratory classroom, is described. Emphasis is on aspects of course design critical to enhancing lifelong, hands-on and collaborative learning opportunities. >
Growth disturbance lines after injury of the distal tibial physis. Their significance in prognosis

We reviewed 26 fractures involving the distal physis of the tibia to identify the patterns of formation and displacement of the subsequent growth disturbance lines. Twenty-one patients showed a regular "normal" pattern of line and healed with no deformity. Three patients had medical physeal arrest revealed by abnormal lines. Two other cases had a minor central physeal arrest without subsequent deformity. The pattern and character of the growth disturbance line can provide an early warning of potential deformity.
Meyer and Peng’s 2005 article as a foundation for an expanded and refined international business research agenda: Context, organizations, and theories

In this commentary we provide an assessment of the JIBS Decade Award-winning article by Meyer and Peng and its impact on the field of international business (IB). We highlight Meyer and Peng’s focus on a relevant and important phenomenon – the emergence of transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) as a new class of markets. We address the CEE focus within the context of Meyer and Peng’s insightful organizing framework built on three organizational archetypes (foreign entrants, local incumbents, and new start-ups) and the applications of four theories in CEE research (transaction cost economics, agency theory, resource-based view, and institutional theory). Importantly, we suggest that the Meyer and Peng article can serve as a foundation for further expansion and refinement of IB research in non-Western contexts, including transition economies and the increasingly important emerging markets. To advance the literature, we also propose a set of ideas of how to push this research forward by expanding Meyer and Peng’s analysis of contexts, organizational forms, and theoretical perspectives. Regarding context, we discuss the risks of overgeneralization and aggregation and the need to follow a more precise categorization of national economies based on central theoretical characteristics. Regarding organization type, we expand the original set by focusing on state-owned or state-controlled enterprises and family firms. Similarly, we propose a more comprehensive and in-depth treatment of theories employed in research on transition economies and emerging markets to better explore the developments in these theoretical perspectives and utilize the unique framework of such contexts.
Bovine serum LH, GH, and prolactin during late pregnancy, parturition and early lactation.

SummaryJugular blood was collected from 34 Holstein heifers from 26 days before parturition until 26 days postpartum or until first estrus. Serum prolactin varied between 80 and 110 ng/ml until Day 2 prepartum when it increased markedly to peak of 285 ng/ml at 1 day prepartum. Prolactin decreased linearly (p < 0.01) from the peak until 2 days after calving, stabilized at about 90 ng/ml until Day 9, and gradually declined until day 26 (36 ng/ml). Postpartum (Day 5-26) prolactin was lower (p < 0.05) than prepartum (Day 26-5) prolactin. Growth hormone followed a pattern similar to prolactin but peaked 24 hr later, at parturition, and decreased from the peak to concentrations characteristic of prepartum values by Day 4 postpartum. Serum growth hormone during late pregnancy (Day 26-5) was lower (p < 0.05) than during early lactation (Day 5-26). Serum LH was consistently low (0.4-0.8 ng/ml) until Day 9 postpartum when it increased to about 1.5 ng/ml until first estrus.
Specious Speciation in the Political History of the Alaskan Brown Bear

_ B ig brown bears are Alaskan in the same way that Kangaroos are Australian, giraffes are African, camels are Moslem, and bulldogs are English. In Alaska bear stories are a favorite form of parlor entertainment, oral history, and literature. The "cache," a miniature log cabin on stilts used to protect a trapper's or prospector's food supply from bears, is a cliche in Alaskan art.' Alaska's flag has eight gold stars on a background of blue: the North Star and stars of the Big Dipper, Ursus Major, the Great Bear. Bears were also in the constellation of enduring Alaskan political issues. Periodically, Alaskan civic leaders advocated the extermination of the animals and made Ursus the symbol of an alleged colonialism that was inspired by conservationist sentiment and directed by bureaucrats in Washington, D.C., working in concert with vested absentee interests, a colonialism that prevented resident Alaskan entrepreneurs from exploiting the territory's natural resources and prevented resident politicians from setting the terms of that exploitation. The bear question was effective bait to attract local support for home rule because it exposed elements of a class issue: the struggling but hardy, independent pioneer versus the effete eastern conservationist and wealthy sportsman with the power of big government in his hands. Furthermore, Alaskans were often pictured by others and viewed themselves as a people courageous enough to live around brown bears, and the on-and-off advocacy of bear genocide was perhaps a kind of public reaffirmation of this image, which was in turn part of an
Effects of Naphthenic and Paraffinic Petroleum Fractions of Comparable Molecular Weight on Transpiration of Eureka Lemon and Bearss Lime Plants

Plants of Eureka lemon and Bearss lime were grown in pots in the glasshouse at a maximum temperature of 92° during the day and a minimum of 66° F. during the night. Transpiration was measured by determining the loss in total weight of the potted plants during a period of 7 hours from morning to afternoon; the surface area of the foliage was measured, and transpiration was expressed as milligrams of water transpired per square centimeter of leaf surface per hour. On the day following application of concentrations of 1.75% oil in aqueous mixture, transpiration of the oil-sprayed plants was reduced more than half that of untreated plants for both the naphthenic and the paraffinic oils and for both varieties of citrus. Oil-sprayed plants recovered with time. For narrow-cut fractions of comparable molecular weights of 306 and 308, recovery was faster in the plants sprayed with the naphthenic oil than in those with the paraffinic oil.
Understanding the Interfacial Mechanical Response of Nanoscale Polymer Thin Films via Nanoindentation

Understanding the mechanical properties of interphase regions in supported polymer thin films is critical as it yields key insights into the constitutive behavior of nanostructured materials. While studies have consistently shown that polymer layers near the substrate exhibit a stiffened response, the size of this region has been reported to vary based on the measurement approach, ranging from hundreds of nanometers in atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation experiments to a few nanometers in molecular simulations and thin film wrinkling experiments. Here we employ nanoindentation simulations using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach to investigate the elastic moduli gradients near the substrate interface of a supported poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film. We find that indenter sizes commonly used in experiments give rise to observed interphase length scales that are larger than the regions in which polymer dynamics are significantly altered as quantified by the segmental molecular s...
Effect of T-cell depletion as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis on engraftment, relapse, and disease-free survival in unrelated marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia

Between January 1988 and March 1993, 48 patients received T-cell- depleted marrow grafts from unrelated donors as treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The median age of the population was 31.7 years (range 5.4 to 53) with 17 of 48 patients greater than 40 years of age. Twenty-seven patients were transplanted in chronic phase, 17 in accelerated phase, and 4 in blast crisis. All patients received a standardized preparative regimen of cyclophosphamide, high-dose cytosine arabinoside, methylprednisolone, and total body irradiation. Marrow grafts were depleted of mature T cells with the alpha beta T- cell receptor antibody T10B9 as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. All patients also received posttransplant cyclosporine therapy. Twenty-eight of 48 patients were mismatched with their donors for one or more HLA-A, B, DR, or DQ loci by either serology or high- resolution oligonucleotide genotyping. Nine of 28 were mismatched at multiple HLA loci. Durable engraftment was achieved in 94% (45/48) of patients. The actuarial probability of developing grades II to IV and grades III to IV acute GVHD were 39.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 26.9 to 53.0) and 8.3% (95% CI 6.1 to 10.9) for the entire cohort. There was no difference in the incidence of grades II to IV acute GVHD between patients receiving matched (36.8%) or mismatched (41.4%) marrow grafts (P = .77). The actuarial probability of relapse at 2 years was 8.8% (95% CI 2.1 to 21.6) for the entire cohort and 18% (95% CI 4 to 41) for patients transplanted in either the accelerated or blast crisis phase (advanced disease). One cytogenetic relapse has occurred among patients transplanted in the chronic phase. The probability of disease- free survival at 2 years was 52% (95% CI 24 to 70) for patients transplanted in chronic phase and 46% (95% CI 25 to 73) for patients transplanted with advanced disease. No difference in disease-free survival was observed between patients receiving matched (49%) or mismatched (51%) marrow grafts (P = .90). This study shows that patients receiving unrelated T-cell-depleted marrow grafts for CML can achieve durable engraftment with a low incidence of severe GVHD and apparent preservation of graft-versus-leukemia reactivity. These data also suggest that T-cell depletion may allow patients who might otherwise experience unacceptable toxicity from GVHD-related complications caused by older age or increased HLA disparity to benefit from unrelated marrow grafts.
Envisioning Our Practice: Examining and Interpreting Pedagogical Visions of Four Early Career Teacher Educators

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to explore how pedagogical visions inform our work as former classroom teachers and current teacher educators in rural and urban regions of the United States. Specifically, we explore the instructional decisions we make as we work to meet these visions in higher education. Teacher educators are charged with the task of fostering visionary teachers in today’s highly challenging educational landscape. We pose the question: How can teacher educators foster visionary beginning teachers without an examination of their visions for their practice? Using a self-study design, we examine the intersections of our pedagogical visions for teaching and the instructional actions we take to work toward our visions in higher education. Findings highlight specific instructional practices and strategies used to enact visions while providing a critical discussion of the lens of visioning within self-study research.
The Palace site and the appearance of house basins in the Middle Archaic

The Palace site in Des Moines, Iowa, is an exceptionally well-preserved, multi-component Middle Archaic site with evidence for house basins. The main components of the Palace site had repeated occupations (6175 ± 25 B.P. to 5885 ± 15 B.P.) and evidence for multi-season occupation and reutilization. The Palace site appears to be the western periphery of phenomena associated with Eastern Middle Archaic sites: the appearance of substantial house basins occupied multi-season and repeatedly, a mixed diet based on deer and riverine resources, and an abundance of large ground stone tools. Comparisons with other Middle Archaic sites suggest house basins are broadly associated with Hypsithermal warming, but this association is tenuous, different regions appear to adapt house basins under different climatic conditions. Similar sites might exist in large river valleys throughout the Plains, but these sites are probably difficult to locate archaeologically.
Influence of Agent Type and Task Ambiguity on Conformity in Social Decision Making

Previous research has demonstrated reliable effects of social pressure on conformity and social decision-making in human-human interaction. The current study investigates whether non-human agents a...
From holy war to technocracy, 1571–1924: The Spanish and Ottoman Empires in the Mediterranean

This article examines the trajectories of the Spanish and Ottoman Empires, especially in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when parallel circumstances led to coinciding policies of economic ...
The Development and Validation of a Colorism Scale

Two studies were conducted to develop and then validate a scale to measure the construct of Colorism. While colorism is a long discussed phenomena within the Black community in the United States, t...
Abstract IA18: Using mixed-methods to enhance culturally sensitive interventions

The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate the application of mixed methods research designs to generate and test culturally sensitive interventions. The presenter introduces mixed methods related to different phases of programmatic intervention studies, including development of the intervention, implementation of the intervention, testing the intervention, interpretation of the findings, and refining existing or developing new interventions. Qualitative methods are used before, during, or after the intervention to inform a better intervention design, to provide understandings of the implementation process, and to explore the in-depth explanation of quantitative results. Quantitative data are collected before, during, and after the intervention to test the effects and mechanisms of the intervention. The presenter uses examples from intervention studies conducted with the Chinese American cancer survivors in the U.S to illustrate the application of mixed methods designs and programmatic approaches to developing and evaluating culturally specific intervention programs. Citation Format: Qian Lu. Using mixed-methods to enhance culturally sensitive interventions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
A near-unity efficiency source of entangled surface phonon polaritons

We show that mid-IR polaritons in polar dielectrics can be used to develop an atomic emitter of photon pairs at quantum efficiencies over 90%, suggesting a new route towards the production of entangled light.
Structures of (2E,5E)-2-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)cyclopentanone and (2E,5E)-2-benzylidene-5-cinnamylidenecyclopentanone

Abstract The X-ray crystal structures of ( 2E,5E )-2-(4-cyanobenzylidene)-5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)cyclopentanone ( I ) and ( 2E,5E )-2-benzylidene-5-cinnamylidenecyclopentanone ( II ) are presented, compared to the gas phase structures calculated using density functional theory, and discussed in the context of the photophysical behavior exhibited by I and II . Compound I crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 ¯ with a = 6.8743(2) A, b = 8.8115(2) A, c = 14.9664(4) A, α = 77.135(2)°, β = 81.351(2)°, γ = 80.975(2)°, and Z = 2, and exhibits a planar structure. Compound II crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/ c with a = 33.4281(10) A, b = 11.9668(4) A, c = 7.8031(2) A, β = 92.785(2)°, and Z = 8, and adopts a nonplanar structure in the solid state and calculated structure.
Mestre do Meu Destino: Um Filósofo Estoico numa Prisão em Hanói

Quando eu debati com Al Gore e Dan Quayle, na televisao, em Outubro de 1992, como candidatos para vice-presidente, iniciei minhas notas com duas questoes que sao perenemente debatidas por todo ser humano ao pensar: Quem sou eu? Por que estou aqui? As questoes foram relevantes em termos acerca do proposito da noite, que foi me introduzir e deixar o povo americano saber de onde eu tinha vindo. Mas eu tambem as escolhi por sua ampla relevância em minha vida: Eu sou um filosofo.
Integrative whole exome, transcriptome, and clinical profiling of biliary tract cancers (BTCs).

279Background: BTC is clinically and genomically heterogeneous and next generation sequencing may identify disease subsets with distinct prognostic and therapeutic implications. Methods: Patients (...
Related Parties and the Need to Bridge the Gap between the Income Tax and Transfer Tax Systems

Related parties can readily manipulate transactions in ways that unfairly reduce their tax burdens relative to unrelated taxpayers. In the income tax arena, Congress has instituted numerous legislative measures to safeguard the tax base from related-taxpayer manipulations; yet, the same developed system of related-party safeguards does not extend to protect the transfer tax base. This analysis points out that this disparity has had a corrosive effect on the integrity of the transfer tax system. Indeed, insofar as the treatment of related parties is concerned, Congress should employ the same level of scrutiny and circumspection in the realm of transfer taxes as it does in the income tax. Reform of the transfer tax system is accordingly in order.
Acquisitions, Mergers and Habitual Domains Analysis

Acquisitions and mergers, which have been important mechanisms in corporate growth and diversification, involve the integration and assimilation of two previously independent organizations with distinct habitual domains (HD). Therefore, along with the choice of the right acquisition candidate, effective integration of the two habitual domains is key to the success or failure of an acquisition. This paper proposes a framework for the systematic analysis of a firm’s habitual domain and its impact on acquisitions and mergers, with the objective of enhancing the probabilities of success and minimizing the chances of failure.
ENZYMES IN THE HYDROLYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF STARCH

Publisher Summary Starch—a mixture of amylose and amylopectin—serves as a food reserve for plants and provides a mechanism by which non-photosynthesizing organisms can utilize the energy provided by the sun. To utilize starch, the organisms must have enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the (l→4) glycosidic bonds found between the α-D-glucopyranose residues. Enzymes that are capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the α-D-(l→4) linkages are called amylases, which are produced by plants, bacteria, and animals. In addition to the amylases, there are isoamylases or debranching enzymes that hydrolyze the α-D-(l→6) linkages of amylopectin. A number of analytical techniques have been devised for measuring the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds found in starch. The most quantitative procedures involve the measurement of the formation of new reducing groups, hemiacetal or aldehyde groups, that result from the hydrolysis of the glycosidic, acetal, linkage.
Current Biological Theories of Causation

Today it is commonly accepted that autism is a neurobiological disorder that is present at birth or develops within the first 30 months of life. After almost two decades of research, the precise causes of autism remain unclear. The research on biological causes of autism has been fraught with contradictory and disappointing results; findings are rarely replicated and often do not add up to a coherent explanation. There are several clues concerning the underlying brain dysfunctions in people with autism, however, and the methods by which these brain dysfunctions may be transmitted. These clues will be discussed in this chapter.
Nanometre-size products of uranium bioreduction.

One strategy that is being pursued to tackle the international problem of actinide contamination of soils, sediments and water is to use microbial activity to 'fix' these radionuclides into an insoluble form that cannot be readily dispersed. Here we show that uraninite (UO2) particles formed from uranium in sediments by bacterial reduction are typically less than 2 nanometres across and that the small size has important implications for uraninite reactivity and fate. Because these tiny particles may still be transported in an aqueous environment, precipitation of uranium as insoluble uraninite cannot be presumed to immobilize it.
Molecular genetics of bladder cancer : Targets for diagnosis and therapy

Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is a common tumor. While most patients presenting superficial disease can be expected to do well following treatment, still many patients will return to our office with muscle invasive and metastatic disease. Survival in advanced bladder cancer is less than 50%. Tumors of similar histologic grade and stage have variable behavior, suggesting that genetic alterations must be present to explain the diverse behavior of bladder cancer. It is hoped that through the study of the subtle genetic alterations in bladder cancer, important prognostic and therapeutic targets can be exploited. Many new diagnostic tests and gene therapy approaches rely on the identification and targeting of these unique genetic alterations. A review of literature published on the molecular genetics of bladder cancer from 1970 to the present was conducted. A variety of molecular genetic alterations have been identified in bladder cancer. Oncogenes (H-ras, erbB-2, EGFR, MDM2, C-MYC, CCND1), tumor suppressor genes (p53, Rb, p21, p27/KIP1, p16, PTEN, STK15, FHIT, FEZ1/LZTS1, bc10), telomerase, and methylation have all been studied in bladder cancer. Several have proven to be potentially useful clinical targets in the prognosis and therapy of bladder cancer such as staining for p53 and gene therapy strategies such as p53 and fez1. Clinical trials targeting HER2/neu and the EGFR pathways are underway. The UroVysion bladder cancer assay relies on FISH to detect genetic alterations in this disease. Continuing identification of the molecular genetic alterations in bladder cancer will enhance future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to bladder cancer. Capitalizing on these alterations will allow early detection, providing important prognostic information and unique targets for gene therapy and other therapeutic approaches.
Review of Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry

There is little doubt that reading books other than textbooks represents an important component of maintaining knowledge for many chemistry educators. Nonetheless, with 30 or more books a year being produced by the ACS Symposium Series alone, how can choices be made about what merits reading time? Certainly, the presentation of current research trends that might influence the chemistry taught in courses represents one metric, but there are many additional worthy books. In terms of potential teaching treasures to be mined, time spent reading history of science presents a strong possibility. A recent article by Scheffel et al. 1 provides an important argument in support of the inclusion of historical developments of content matter in chemistry. These authors present a metastudy of the literature 2�7 and provide nine points of value
Invited Review: Adaptations of protein and amino acid metabolism to heat stress in dairy cows and other livestock species * †

ABSTRACT The reduction of productivity and efficiency of nutrient utilization in heat-stressed dairy cattle is mediated by physiological and molecular alterations. Heat stress impairs the digestive and absorptive capacity of the gastrointestinal tract, and this effect is independent of nutrient intake. The shift in blood flow away from the splanchnic tissues to the skin reduces nutrient delivery to the small intestine and increases mucosal cell damage. The translocation of individual AA and the availability of total and individual AA to peripheral tissues is impaired during heat stress. In addition, heat stress alters tissue-specific demands for individual AA, protein synthesis, and whole-body protein degradation. For example, heat stress and the associated systemic inflammatory response alters the use of AA in metabolic tissues, increasing their demand. Glutamate, Gln, Arg, and Leu appear to ameliorate the inflammatory state of the intestine by preventing villi atrophy and improving synthesis of tight junction proteins and the intestinal barrier function. Moreover, heat stress increases the synthesis of acute phase proteins and heat-shock proteins and appears to promote hepatic removal of individual AA to sustain augmented protein synthesis. The fractional rates of extraction of total AA that reach the liver increase during systemic inflammation. An increase in intestinal and hepatic utilization of AA alters the net supply and the pattern of AA available to peripheral tissue. Whole-body protein breakdown and synthesis of urea increases in heat-stressed animals. This result suggests that AA are mobilized to meet the animal needs. Finally, local effects of heat stress may impair the synthesis of proteins in the mammary glands and reduce α-S2 casein and whey fractions, milk protein content, and milk protein yield, probably via reduced signaling activity. Collectively, heat stress alters the use of AA in absorptive and postabsorptive tissues, reducing AA availability to sustain animal production.
Determining the Complexity of the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm using Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations

Abstract : Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, supplemented by diagonalization, were used to see how efficiently a quantum computer could solve optimization problems using the quantum adiabatic algorithm (QAA). Comparisons were made with a classical heuristic algorithm, WalkSAT. A preliminary study was also made to see if the QAA could solve the graph isomorphism problem. Several optimization problems were considered. Those of the K-SAT type, which, in mean field theory have a random first order transition , were found to have an exponentially small energy gap at the quantum phase transition. We also studied a spin glass problem in which the gap was found to be exponentially small not at the phase transition but beyond it in the quantum spin glass phase. These results show that the simplest implementation of the QAA would require an amount of computer time which increases exponentially with problem size. For the future, it would be useful to test whether better results could be obtained by considering cleverer paths in Hamiltonian space, and by considering different types of problem where the absolute ground state is not needed, only a good approximation to it.
Homogeneous and biphasic cellulose acetate/room temperature ionic liquid membranes for gas separations: Solvent and phase-inversion casting vs. supported ionic liquid membranes

Abstract Standard casting methods, using polymer/RTIL solutions, can produce membranes with improved stability. We evaluated the performance of RTIL-membranes cast using either solvent casting (homogeneous polymer/RTIL film) or phase-inversion (biphasic polymer/RTIL films). The study used a model casting polymer, cellulose acetate (CA), and the RTIL 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, ([emim][SCN]). The gas separation performances of the resulting homogeneous and biphasic CA/[emim][SCN] membranes were compared with a conventional supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) of [emim][SCN]. The evaluations of CO 2 removal from CH 4 supported our hypotheses that the biphasic phase-inversion cast membranes have higher selectivities and membrane stability compared to the homogeneous film membranes. While the homogeneous membranes had the highest gas permeances, the biphasic membranes had three-fold higher selectivities. The highest CO 2 /CH 4 mixed-gas selectivity reported was 89 ± 12 for the biphasic membrane. It appears that selectivity in cast membranes is a function of free RTIL content. The order of membrane stability vs. cross-membrane pressure was biphasic ≈ SILM > homogeneous, with the biphasic breakthrough pressure being two-fold higher than the homogeneous membrane's. Therefore, the phase-inversion casting method (biphasic membranes) is a viable alternative to SILM membranes for fabricating RTIL-membranes. Infrared spectra and atomic force micrographs characterized the homogeneous and biphasic membrane morphologies.
La Fabrique du Printemps : Francis Ponge et Mai 68

AbstractCommenting in retrospect on one of his descriptive texts, “Nioque de l’Avant Printemps,” Francis Ponge suggested that it foreshadowed the political upheavals of ’68, the revolutionary Sprin...
Oneida prepronominal prefixes in Information-based Morphology

Oneida (Northern Iroquoian) inflectional morphology is highly complex. We focus here on the eleven so-called prepronominal prefixes. These prefixes display a number of interesting paradigmatic and syntagmatic properties that make them challenging to model in incremental or sequentialist approaches. Instead, we utilize Information-based Morphology (hereafter IbM; Crysmann and Bonami 2016), which treats inflectional rules as descriptions of regularities between features, forms, and positions. We discuss three main issues: competition for realization among semantically compatible features; borrowing of exponence from one feature realization to another; and exuberant and atypical morphotactic variability. Our analysis highlights the unique complexities of Oneida’s position class morphology and illustrates how an IbM approach is equipped to deal with such complexities.
Superior side sound localisation performance in a full-chassis driving simulator

Alerts presented through the auditory modality improve drivers' crash avoidance performance in driving simulations, but drivers' ability to accurately localise the source of the auditory alerts is understudied. Because the results of driving simulation studies may hinge on assumptions that sound locations are accurately perceived by drivers, this study used a sound localisation task in a full-chassis driving simulator. Twenty-nine participants engaged in a sound localisation task while seated in the driving simulator. Performance was assessed by sound localisation accuracy, relative directional error, and participant confidence across seven sound sources surrounding the simulator. Performance was best when sounds were presented in left and right cardinal regions, and poorest when presented from the front and rear. Participants were less confident in their localisation judgments when sounds were presented from the rear. Practitioner summary: Drivers' ability to accurately localise auditory alerts is understudied. Participants performed an auditory localisation task with external sounds while seated in a full-chassis driving simulator. Participants were better detecting sounds from the sides instead of the front and rear. This has implications for external auditory alarms during driving. Abbreviations: ANOVA: analysis of variance; dB: decibel; f: frequency; Hz: hertz; LHD: left hand drive; ms: milliseconds; RTI: realtime technologies; s: seconds; SPL: sound pressure level.
PEG migration into colon as a cause of diarrhea

Abstract Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) is increasingly being used in the pediatric population. We report a case of a 5-year-old boy who is fully PEG-fed that presented with a 2-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. His vomiting resolved however, the diarrhea remained persistent and watery with occasional undigested milk. His blood and stool investigation results were unremarkable however contrast study through the gastrostomy revealed migration of tube into the transverse colon. Laparoscopy was then performed for fistula resection and a new gastrostomy tube was inserted. Gastrostomy tube migration in children is not well-documented and this complication should be thought about when pediatricians are presented with a case of refractory diarrhea in PEG-fed patients.
Physical Activity Among Children with Visual Impairments, Siblings, and Parents: Exploring Familial Factors

Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with positive physical and psychological health outcomes, yet youth with visual impairments tend to not to engage in sufficient MVPA. The purposes of this study were to (a) examine how familial factors were associated with MVPA among youth with visual impairments, their siblings, and parents and (b) examine the daily MVPA correlation among these family members. Twenty-two familial triads, including one child with a visual impairment, participated in this study. Accelerometers were used to measure MVPA and individual and familial factors were reported via questionnaire. Of the individual and familial factors measured, only family member role significantly predicted MVPA (β = .43, p < .01), as parents accumulated significantly more activity than their children (f2 = .22). The MVPA of children with visual impairments and their siblings were positively correlated (r = .39), while small negative relationships were found between MVPA of parents and children with and without visual impairments (r = − .16; r = − .33, respectively). In contrast with earlier findings, parents in the current study were significantly more active than their children with or without visual impairments. Potential reasons for this difference included the homogeneity of the sample, including a relatively high mean income level and parent education, which may have alleviated some typically reported barriers to parental MVPA. Future inquiries in this area should examine individual- and family-level factors concurrently to better understand their impact on MVPA within the familial triad.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in African Migrant/Refugee Population

Migrant and refugee populations have progressively skyrocketed across the globe in recent times, in Africa, Asia, America, and Europe, and the experiences of these populations have called to question our general humanity because of the regrettable and indisputable facts that the actions taken against them are unacceptable in many measures. According to the international migration statistics, the migrant population was about 173 million in 2000, and in 2010 it was about 220 million, while in 2017 it reached 258 million. It is estimated that more than 60% of all international migrants reside in Asia, which is about 80 million people, and Europe is fast closing the gap with a record of about 78 million migrants. Northern America recorded the third largest number of migrants at 58 million, while Africa ranks fourth with about 25 million. Others include Latin America and the Caribbean with about 10 million, and, lastly, Oceania with 8 million. Migration is, therefore, a common phenomenon across the globe. The United Nations’ statistics have indicated a geometric progression for the world’s displaced population at the end of 2018, which is recorded at an alarming 70.8 million displaced people globally. These are people who were forced to leave their countries of origin for other countries because of war and persecution. This refugee population has a significant and an unprecedented population of minors; while the number of refugees has an alarming population of 30 million, the population of minors, those below the age of 18, has a much more alarming population of more than 15 million, and these are all-time high that our history has known. When the current refugee population is compared with the refugee population a decade ago, the former almost doubles the population. These statistics already indicate a crisis of great magnitude for our generation and requires a large-scale approach to securing a lasting solution.
Developing Best Practices for Technical Services Cross-Institutional Collaboration

The OhioLINK CollaboraTeS Project was initiated to support cross-institutional collaborations by building a skills inventory and by defining collaborative best practices. This article discusses what was learned and defines best practices for collaboration. The authors recommend the creation of regional technical services skills inventories, and the application of management and financial best practices to collaborations. Librarians should be confident they possess these skills because many of them have been learned in other environments. Collaboration represents a bright future for libraries struggling to meet tight budgets. Providing the tools and best practices for collaboration makes it easier for libraries to participate.
Thyroid storm in a dog secondary to thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical presentation, clinical course, and management of a dog with thyroid storm (TS) secondary to a functional thyroid carcinoma. CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old neutered female Golden Retriever was evaluated for severe weight loss, hyperthermia, and tachycardia. The dog had a ventral neck mass and markedly increased thyroxine concentration. Cervical ultrasound showed a suspected left thyroid mass with invasion into the jugular vein. Despite aggressive therapy, the patient progressed to a clinical TS. Postmortem examination was supportive of the clinical diagnosis. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of TS in a dog.