cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photometric observations of the twilight glow [OI] 5577 and [OI] 6300

Abstract The enhancement of both the [OI] 5577 and the [OI] 6300 atmospheric emission lines has been measured in detail for the night of 6/7 January 1958 at Rapid City, South Dakota. The enhancement of the 5577 emission cannot be explained on the basis of photo excitation alone. The 6300 emission is compared with recent theory. Fair agreement is noted between theory and observation.
MicroRNAs and LPS: developing a relationship in the neonatal gut.

Upon birth, the intestine converts from a sterile environment to a home for commensal microorganisms. How immune homeostasis is maintained during this transition is not well understood. Here, Chassin et al. (2010) demonstrate that microRNA-146a regulates the responsiveness of intestinal epithelial cells during microbial colonization of the neonatal intestine.
Hurricane Wind Power Spectra, Cospectra, and Integral Length Scales

Atmospheric turbulence is an important factor in the modelling of wind forces on structures and the losses they produce in extreme wind events. However, while turbulence in non-hurricane winds has been thoroughly researched, turbulence in tropical cyclones and hurricanes that affect the Gulf and Atlantic coasts has only recently been the object of systematic study. In this paper, Florida Coastal Monitoring Program surface wind measurements over the sea surface and open flat terrain are used to estimate tropical cyclone and hurricane wind spectra and cospectra as well as integral length scales. From the analyses of wind speeds obtained from five towers in four hurricanes it can be concluded with high confidence that the turbulent energy at lower frequencies is considerably higher in hurricane than in non-hurricane winds. Estimates of turbulence spectra, cospectra, and integral turbulence scales presented can be used for the development in experimental facilities of hurricane wind flows and the forces they induce on structures.
Political science(s) and HIV: a critical analysis

The academic discipline of political science has substantially addressed the politics and policy of the HIV/AIDS epidemic over the last two decades, but the epidemic has not become a full-fledged research agenda of its own. The author analyses and groups the extant research into four research programmes. He suggests some future directions that political science may take, so as to further the investigation of the empirical problem of HIV/AIDS, as well as to meet the disciplinary imperative to advance more general theories and explanations of political phenomena.
Serum Vitamin B12- Binding Proteins in Neutropenia

Serum unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity (UBBC) has been shown to fluctuate with neutrophil levels and has been reported to correlate with TBGP in normal and hyperleukocytic states. However, the present report demonstrates that the above relationship is not present in neutropenia, suggesting that some of our concepts regarding UBBC may have to be reexamined, since factors other than TBGP appear to be operative. There was a wide scatter of UBBC values among the 39 neutropenic subjects studied, the mean being significantly above normal. There were few low values. High UBBC was primarily confined to subjects with transient neutropenia. Normal values were generally seen in steady neutropenia. The difference in UBBC was primarily due to Transcobalamin I, the other serum binders being similar in both groups. No other significant diagnostic pattern of UBBC was found. Recovery from neutropenia was accompanied by a rise in UBBC in all cases except in four patients whose UBBC was initially very high and fell with recovery. No discernible pattern of serum B12 levels existed, although subnormal levels without evidence of B12 deficiency were found in three of the seven patients with aplastic anemia. Serum B12 levels did not change with recovery in approximately half of the neutropenic subjects, change being variable in the others. Neither serum B12, UBBC, total B12-binding capacity, or any of the three serum B12 binders correlated with neutrophil count, bone marrow findings, TBGP, or granulocyte turnover rate.
A visual warning system to reduce struck-by or pinning accidents involving mobile mining equipment

This paper describes an experiment to examine whether a visual warning system can improve detection of moving machine hazards that could result in struck-by or pinning accidents. Thirty-six participants, twelve each in one of three age groups, participated in the study. A visual warning system capable of providing four different modes of warning was installed on a continuous mining machine that is used to mine coal. The speed of detecting various machine movements was recorded with and without the visual warning system. The average speed of detection for forward and reverse machine movements was reduced by 75% when using the flashing mode of the visual warning system. This translated to 0.485 m of machine travel for the fast speed condition of 19.8 m/min, which is significant in the context of the confined spaces of a mine. There were no statistically significant differences among age groups in the ability to detect machine movements for the visual warning modes in this study. The visual warning system shows promise as a safety intervention for reducing struck-by or pinning accidents involving continuous mining machines. The methods and results of this study could be applied to other moving machinery used in mining or other industries where moving machinery poses struck-by or pinning hazards.
Leucocyte common antigen in the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease

The utility of immunohistochemical staining for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) in the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease was studied in a series of 42 cases of Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and compared with Leu M-1, a proposed marker for Reed-Sternberg cells. LCA staining of neoplastic cells was absent in 23 of 24 cases of Hodgkin's disease but present in 16 of 18 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma including eight of 10 cases with pleomorphic Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Leu M-1, in contrast was present in 14 of 24 cases of Hodgkin's disease, but also in five of 18 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma including five of 10 cases with pleomorphic Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Immunohistochemical staining for LCA appears useful in the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and appears to be a better discriminant than Leu M-1.
Foodallergy management from the perspective of restaurant and food establishment personnel

Background Restaurant and food establishment dining poses dangers for food-allergic consumers. Objective To identify, from the restaurant's perspective, factors that affect providing allergen-safe meals. Methods A structured questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of restaurant personnel. Results Participants included 100 individuals (42 managers, 32 servers, 24 chefs, and 2 others) in 100 establishments (48 restaurants [17 continental, 19 Asian, and 12 Italian], 18 fast food, and 34 take-out [8 bakery, 13 ice cream, 9 Asian, and 4 pizza]). Foodallergy training was reported by 42% (76% apprenticing and 24% set program). On a 5-point Likert scale, a rating of “very” or “somewhat” comfortable was selected by 72% for providing a safe meal, 70% for “guaranteeing” a safe meal, and 47% for managing a foodallergy emergency. Regarding knowledge questions, 24% indicated that consuming a small amount of allergen would be safe, 35% believed that fryer heat would destroy allergens, 54% considered a buffet safe if kept “clean,” and 25% thought that removing an allergen from a finished meal (eg, taking off nuts) was safe. More than 80% recognized peanut, milk, and seafood as major allergens (61% recognized egg). In practice, 58% indicated having a plan in place in the event of a reaction, and 62% had a plan to provide safe meals. An interest in further training was expressed by 61% of participants. Conclusions The restaurant personnel surveyed expressed a relatively high comfort level in providing safe meals to allergic consumers, but there are deficits in their knowledge base, indicating the need for more training and consumer caution.
Spatial variations in apparent recharge rate to a montane Paleozoic bedrock aquifer, Appalachian Mountains, United States

Hydrograph separation methods for estimating recharge are not useful in all watersheds, but in this article, the hypothesis is tested that they should be reasonably accurate in montane humid locations where dissipation times for runoff are short. The study area is a montane carbonate/clastic Paleozoic aquifer in the Appalachian Mountains, West Virginia and Virginia. For 1 yr, groundwater discharge was continuously measured at three different stream reaches; each has grossly similar climate, soils, and topography, but differing geology underlying the main stream channels and different stream orientations with respect to structure. One station measured base flow in a strike-parallel stream of moderate length (13.4 km [8.3 mi]); the other two in strike-normal streams of shorter length (2.7 km [1.7 mi]). Pronounced differences were observed in apparent recharge rate between the strike-normal and strike-parallel streams, with the strike-parallel stream similar in apparent recharge to 21 other regional streams, with both large and small catchments, of similar climatic and geologic conditions. Similarly, the strike-normal streams in the study area were significantly lower in recharge compared with these. The precise location of stream losses, if any, could not be pinpointed in detailed streamflow measurements. Although the low apparent recharge rates are primarily ascribed to stream losses, underflow, and/or hyporheic interactions, the evidence for this was nonconclusive. This case underscores that even in humid montane settings of moderate relief, complications in the groundwater budget may arise that make recharge estimates based on surface hydrograph analysis inaccurate.
Dynamic compartmental modeling of nitrogen purification columns

Abstract The development of nonlinear control strategies for high purity distillation columns requires the availability of suitable nonlinear dynamic models. Relatively simple models are needed for the design of nonlinear model predictive controllers (NMPC) which are implemented on-line via repeated solution of a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. We utilize the compartmental modeling approach to construct control relevant dynamic models of a very high purity nitrogen purification column. Reduced-order nonlinear models are derived from a stage-by-stage balance model by partitioning the column into distinct compartments and applying time-scale arguments to convert most of the ordinary differential equations (ODE) describing each compartment into simpler algebraic equations. The compartmental models are dynamically simulated using the differential–algebraic equation (DAE) solver available in MATLAB . The stage-by-stage and compartmental models are compared to a rigorous dynamic simulator constructed in Aspen Dynamics to assess the merits of the proposed modeling strategy with regard to prediction accuracy and computational efficiency.
Primary user emulation detection using frequency domain action recognition

In this paper, we propose an approach for detecting primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio networks based on the video processing method of action recognition. Specifically, we apply this method to analyze the FFT sequences of wireless transmissions operating across a cognitive radio network environment, as well as classify their actions in the frequency domain. Built upon the previous approach proposed by the authors, this new approach is initiated via energy detection to locate the existing wireless transmissions within a specific frequency band. The approach employs a covariance descriptor of motion-related features in the frequency domain, which is then fed into an artificial neural network for classification. The proposed approach is validated via computer simulations as well as by experimental hardware implementations using the USRP2 software-defined radio (SDR) platform. The computer simulations show that our new approach overcomes the limitations from the authors' previous approach. The hardware experiment shows that proposed approach can achieve a percentage of correct detection higher than 99% in actual wireless environments.
Plasticity and neuroplasticity.

(2004). Plasticity and Neuroplasticity. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 293-293.
A 25-year-old woman with diffuse abdominal pain and shock.

A 25-year-old woman presented after 10 days of severe diffuse abdominal pain. Seven months prior, she had been seen at an outside hospital with similar complaints. Evaluation then included negative test results for pregnancy, bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia infection, and gonorrhea. Three months later, she again presented with abdominal pain and cervical motion tenderness on pelvic examination. A wet mount revealed cells consistent with bacterial vaginosis. She was given a diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and treated with metronidazole and doxycycline. On presentation to our facility, her abdominal pain had worsened, and she had developed nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and fevers without chills or night sweats. Her last menstrual period had been 3 weeks prior. She denied hematemesis or bloody stools, dysuria, abnormal vaginal discharge, or respiratory symptoms.
Random vibration of oscillator subjected to modulated filtered excitation

Earthquake excitations are often modeled by modulated filtered white noise for structural response analysis, to account for their nonstationarity. For a single degree of freedom system and a general form of modulation on the Kanai-Tajimi filter, an explicit solution of mean square response is given. This solution is obtained by analysis in the time domain using the state space approach. The solution can be readily generalized to the commonly used double filter case. Several popular modulation models for earthquakes can be treated as special cases in the solution. For illustration of applications, numerical examples are included. >
the language of Zuyua

Colonial-period documents pertaining to both highland and lowland Mayan groups refer to a place called Zuyua, or Zuiva, from whence came some of their ancestral nobility. This place has been identified with an area on the Gulf Coast of Mexico and is associated with the postclassic Toltec presence among the Mayans. A chapter of the Chilam Balam of Chumayel is devoted to an interrogation in the form of riddles in the “language of Zuyua,” the understanding of which appears at one time to have been an important criterion for inheriting positions of leadership in the Yucatec Maya aristocracy. This essay examines the forms and functions of the language of Zuyua as it appears in the Chilam Balam of Chumayel, interprets some of the riddles of the interrogation in terms of a Mixe-Zoquean language source from which homophony and punning in the riddles can be inferred, and proposes that the “language of Zuyua” was at one time a Mixean language. [Yucatec, Mixe-Zoquean languages, secret languages, punning, riddles]
Ablation of Foxl1-Cre–Labeled Hepatic Progenitor Cells and Their Descendants Impairs Recovery of Mice From Liver Injury

Background & Aims Foxl1 + hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) differentiate into cholangiocytes and hepatocytes after liver injury. We investigated the requirement for Foxl1 + HPCs in recovery from liver injury in mice. Methods We developed mice in which we could trace and delete Foxl1-expressing HPCs and their descendants ( Foxl1-Cre;Rosa YFP/iDTR -inducible diphtheria toxin receptor [iDTR] mice). Foxl1-Cre–negative mice were used as controls. Liver damage was induced in male mice by placing them on choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diets for 15 days; mice then were placed on normal diets and allowed to recover. Liver damage was induced in female mice by placing them on 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)–containing diets, followed by a recovery period. Some mice were given injections of diphtheria toxin during the recovery phase to delete Foxl1-Cre –marked HPCs and their descendants. Livers were collected from all mice and analyzed by immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and histologic analyses. Results Foxl1-Cre –marked HPCs were required for the development of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in livers after CDE diet-induced injury. A smaller percentage of yellow fluorescent protein–positive (YFP + ) hepatocytes contained markers of oxidative stress, DNA damage, or cell death than YFP-negative hepatocytes, indicating that YFP + hepatocytes are newly formed cells. Injection of diphtheria toxin deleted YFP + cells from Foxl1-Cre;Rosa YFP/iDTR mice and prevented the resolution of hepatic steatosis. In mice recovering from DDC diet-induced injury, most cholangiocytes arose from Foxl1-Cre –marked HPCs. Deletion of YFP + cells did not alter levels of markers of liver injury or liver function. Conclusions Based on studies of Foxl1-Cre;Rosa YFP/iDTR mice, Foxl1 + HPCs and/or their descendants are required for the development of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in liver after CDE diet-induced injury.
trans‐4,5‐epoxyhept‐trans‐2‐enal the major volatile compound formed by the copper and α‐tocopherol induced oxidation of butterfat

The volatile compound produced in greatest yield from the aerobic incubation at 35°C for 35 h of a mixture of butterfat, cupric palmitate and α-tocopherol was characterised by chromatography and spectroscopy. The same compound was also isolated from a similar reaction mixture containing cod-liver oil instead of butterfat. The compound was identified as trans-4,5-epoxyhept-trans-2-enal and was found to have the same properties as that synthesised by the epoxidation of hepta-trans-2,trans-4-dienal. Volatile epoxyalkenals of this type have not been previously identified as products from lipid oxidation.
Does Wal‐Mart Cause an Increase in Anti‐Poverty Expenditures?*

Objectives This article addresses the role of Wal-Mart Store entrance in changing expenditures on federal and state anti-poverty transfers in the United States. Methods Using a panel of the conterminous 48 states, correcting for time and spatial autocorrelation and local government mix and policy changes. Results I find that the number of Wal-Marts and their employment share in the retail sector have no impact on food stamps or AFDC/TANF expenditures. In models that account for retail employment share a 1 percent increase in the Wal-Mart's share reduced AFDC/TANF expenditures by 3.3 percent. Conclusions I find that Wal-Mart does increase Medicaid expenditures by roughly $898 per worker, which is consistent with other studies of the Medicaid costs per low-wage worker across the United States.
Coupled bending-torsional dynamic stiffness matrix for axially loaded beam elements

Analytical expressions for the coupled bending–torsional dynamic stiffness matrix elements of an axially loaded uniform beam element are derived in an exact sense by solving the governing differential equations of motion of the beam. The influence of axial force on the coupled bending–torsional frequencies of a cantilever and hinged–hinged beam of thin-walled section is demonstrated by numerical results. Application of the developed theory includes coupled bending–torsional frequency and mode calculations of helicopter, turbine and propeller blades, plane and space frames, and grillages consisting of axially loaded beam elements with non-coincident mass centre and shear centre.
Preliminary Measurements of Some Wavelengths of Krypton 86 and Mercury 198 Lines

Vacuum wavelength values for some of the lines in the spectra of Kr86 and Hg198 have been derived by comparison with a Michelson type Cadmium lamp, by using a 67.5-mm Fabry-Perot etalon as the intermediary. The same lines have been intercompared by means of a Twyman-Green interferometer, referring to the Hg198 green line wavelength as 5462.2704A. The half-widths of the lines were also measured.
Resistance spot welding of galvanized steel: Part II. Mechanisms of spot weld nugget formation

Dynamic inspection monitoring of the weld current, voltage, resistance, electrode displacement, and force was performed in conjunction with a detailed study of the effects of material variations and weld process parameter modifications on resistance spot welding of coated and uncoated steels. In order to determine the mechanisms of weld nugget formation and growth, scanning electron microscopy photos were taken of the developing nugget. These physical changes were then related to the dynamic inspection curves and the welding current lobe. The effects of material variations and weld process modifications, the results of which were presented in Part I, can be explained through an understanding of these mechanisms.
Micromechanics via synchrotron radiation

A significant portion of micromechanics deals with actuators: devices which modify their environment. Manufacturing techniques for this class of devices involve 3-dimensionality, tolerances, IC-compatibility, a broad material base and cost effectiveness. Photoresist based processing with X-ray exposures via synchrotron radiation has many of the required attributes for actuator manufacturing. This is particularly true for exposures with 20 keV X-rays where structural heights to 10 cm have been obtained and where X-ray mask issues simplify. Tests with this type of tool have brought significant advances in linear actuators and have been used to fabricate a micro electro mechanical system, a dynamometer on a chip, for magnetic micromotor testing.
Deadlock-free and collision-free coordination of two robot manipulators

The authors describe a method for coordinating the trajectories of two robot manipulators so as to avoid collisions between them. It is assumed that the robots' environment is known and that the robots' paths can thus be planned in advance but that there may be significant variations in the execution time of some of the path segments. The goal is to allow the motions of each manipulator to be planned nearly independently and to allow the execution of the path segments to be asynchronous. The coordination is achieved by introducing explicit coordination commands into the path. The key problems in coordinating trajectories are to avoid collisions between the two robots and to avoid deadlock, that is, situations where each manipulator is waiting for the other to proceed. >
Consumption Asset Pricing with Stable Shocks - Exploring a Solution and Its Implications for the Equity Premium Puzzle

We study the consumption based asset pricing model due to Lucas (1978). The exogenous endowment sequence is modeled as a linear stochastic process driven by stable shocks in an otherwise standard framework. The Gaussian process emerges as a special case. We derive exact analytical solutions for asset prices and returns, and provide conditions under which these exist. We also study the implications of the model for the equity premium puzzle.
Corruption and Voter Participation: Evidence from the US States

The literature on voter turnout focuses on the determinants of the electorate’s vote supply. There is growing recognition, however, that the demanders of votes—candidates, political parties, and interest groups—have strong incentives to invest resources in mobilizing support on Election Day. The authors test the hypothesis that corruption rents increase the value of holding public office and, hence, elicit greater demand-side effort in building winning coalitions. Analyzing a pooled time-series data set of public officials convicted of misusing their offices between 1979 and 2005, we find, after controlling for other influential factors, that governmental corruption raises voter turnout rates in gubernatorial elections.
Thermogalvanic Waste Heat Recovery System in Automobiles

Recovering waste heat from automobiles remains an inviting subject for research. Solid-state thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have been widely investigated for this purpose, but their practical application remains challenging. An alternative to TEGs are thermogalvanic cells. Temperature difference between hot and cold electrodes creates a potential difference. Once connected to a load, electrical current and power are delivered, converting heat into electricity. In this work, we investigate the feasibility of incorporating such systems into automobiles. We carry out the experiments under real-world conditions. A climate-controlled wind tunnel is built to provide equivalent conditions to the ambient air stream under the car. The demonstrated system achieved a power density on the order of mW m−2. We compare the power generated to those of TEGs currently tested by GM, Honda, BMW and Ford. Further, a simple economic estimation is calculated to assess the $ per Watt cost of future practical thermogalvanic waste heat recovery system.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Geography of the Recent Housing Crisis: The Role of Urban Form

This study maps the geography of the recent housing crisis within and across American metropolitan areas, and evaluates how it is related to a series of spatial and socioeconomic variables at neighborhood and metropolitan levels. It finds that the spatial patterns of housing recessions vary widely by region. In general, fast-growing metropolitan areas in the Southwest and Florida experienced not only deeper but also longer housing recessions. In contrast, metropolitan areas in the South (except in Florida) saw shallower and shorter housing recessions. Metropolitan areas in the Midwest and Northeast had fewer price declines in the crisis, but their housing recessions tended to be longer. Housing recessions tend to be deeper and longer in larger metropolitan areas. Neighborhoods located closer to city centers experienced shallower and shorter recessions compared with those in fringe areas. Even after controlling for many other variables, automobile dependency is still a strong and positive predictor of hous...
The Hypothesis of Nash Equilibrium and Its Bayesian Justification

The theory of games treats decision problems where the results of an agent’s action depend on the actions of others. It advances standards of rationality for an agent’s choice of an action, or strategy. The most widely accepted standard enjoins an agent to do his part in a Nash equilibrium, i.e., a set of strategies, one for each agent, such that each agent’s strategy is a best reply to the others. Nash equilibrium is intuitively appealing, but there are difficulties in specifying appropriate conditions for it and in showing that under those conditions the Nash strategies that constitute it are rational choices.
Determination of cranberry proanthocyanidin A2 in human plasma and urine using LC-MS/MS

A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC) exhibit anti-adhesion activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli in vitro, putatively protecting against urinary tract infections. However, data on PAC bioavaila...
Mitochondrial-DNA Variation and Genetic-Population Structure in Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis)

Mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) variation in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep was assessed to determine relationships among populations and the usefulness of mtDNA analysis for the conservation of bighorn sheep. Phylogeographic analysis revealed relatively divergent mtDNA haplotypes within herds and several geographically widespread haplotypes. This suggested that gene flow has occurred on a regional scale at some time in the past and that populations have not been subdivided by long-term biogeographic barriers. Nonetheless, significant differentiation in mtDNA-haplotype frequencies among herds suggested that little gene flow currently exists among populations. Failure to recognize that historical (phylogeographic) and current population structure may not be concordant could lead to erroneous conclusions and conservation strategies.
ID: 24: BENEFITS AND RISKS OF WARFARIN WITH AND WITHOUT ASPIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE OR CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

Background Previous studies have shown that secondary prophylaxis of non-embolic stroke remains challenging. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating warfarin with or without aspirin to prevent stroke have yielded mixed results. We conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs to evaluate the efficacy of warfarin (with and without aspirin) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods We searched 6 electronic databases published from 1980–2014. RCTs reporting the benefits (reduced incidence of stroke) and risks (mortality, intracranial bleeds, major and minor bleeds) of warfarin (with and without aspirin) therapy were included. Trials were stratified by intensity of the therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR): low (INR 3). Risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using random-effects models. Results Twenty-five RCTs (30,939 patients) met our inclusion criteria. Intermediate intensity warfarin with aspirin compared with aspirin alone significantly reduced the risk of secondary strokes [RR 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29–0.80], but increased the risk of major bleeding (RR 2.54, CI 1.70–3.79); there were no significant differences in mortality (RR 1.00, CI 0.80–1.25) and intracranial bleeding (RR 3.03, CI 0.48–19.20). Intermediate intensity warfarin without aspirin compared with aspirin alone, significantly increased major bleeding (RR 2.11, CI 1.45–3.06); there were no significant differences for stroke (RR 0.84, CI 0.66–1.08), mortality (RR1.21, CI 0.90–1.63) and intracranial bleeding (RR 1.87, CI 0.94–3.70). Conclusions Use of intermediate intensity warfarin with aspirin reduced the risk of stroke at the price of increased bleeding. Most anticoagulation increased the risk of major bleeding with no effect on mortality. Studies with oral anticoagulants with aspirin for secondary prevention should be considered.
Fifty Years of the International Phycological Society: Honorary Members

The Board of Directors of the International Phycological Society (IPS) grants Honorary Membership to individuals with a distinguished career in Phycology or to those who have given outstanding serv...
Myxoma of the mandible, followed by resection and prosthetic repair

Abstract A case of myxoma of the mandible, treated by resection of the mandible and prosthetic repair, is reported. These tumors have the same roentgenographic appearance as ameloblastomas, dental cysts, or giant-cell tumors, which should be given consideration in making a differential diagnosis. The final diagnosis should depend upon histologic examination. Myxomas are best treated by either surgical curettage or surgical excision. The choice between a conservative surgical approach against a radical approach (namely, resection of the jaw) should depend upon the extension and the ease of enucleation of the tumor and the extent of bone destruction.
Lightweight Instruction Scheduling Algorithm for Just-in-time Compiler

This paper presents a novel lightweight algorithm of instruction scheduling for reducing the pipeline stalls on RISC micro-architecture with super pipelines.The algorithm is designed for and implemented in a J2ME JIT(just-in-time) compiler in memory constraint and time critical system.It is not based on DAG(directed acyclic graphs) or expression trees,but a novel data structure,namely EDM(extended dependency matrix).The algorithm has strict linear time complexity to the code length in the worst cases.It consumes only about 1KB constant memory space,to fit the small memory footprint for J2ME configurations.This algorithm has been chosen as the default instruction scheduling solution in the JIT compiler by Intel’s high-performance J2ME JVM,namely XORP.
Prediction of right ventricular dysfunction after left ventricular assist device implantation.

Background Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) significantly affects mortality and morbidity after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, and its occurrence often is unpredictable. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of RVD after LVAD implantation. Methods and Results We studied right ventricular (RV) hemodynamics in 28 patients before and after LVAD implantation with a rapid-response thermistor pulmonary artery catheter. Measurements included mean right atrial pressure (RAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), cardiac index, transpulmonary gradient (TPG), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), RV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes (EDVI and ESVI, respectively), and RV ejection fraction (RVEF). We regarded patients who had RAP ≥15 mm Hg at LVAD explantation (n=8) or who required an RV assist device (n=3) as the RVD group (n=11). The other patients were categorized as the RV nondysfunctional group (RVN, n=17). Before LVAD implantation, the RVD group had larger RV volumes (200±107 versus 125±46 mL/m 2 for EDVI ; 177±109 versus 104±48 mL/m 2 for ESVI) and higher preload (23±6 versus 17±6 mm Hg for RAP) and afterload (20±9 versus 13±6 mm Hg for TPG ; 5.9±3.0 versus 3.8±2.0 Wood units for PVR) than the RVN group (P<.05 for all). RVEF and PAP did not differ significantly. LVAD implantation remarkably improved RV hemodynamics in both groups, decreasing RV volumes, preload, and afterload and increasing RVEF in all patients, but post-LVAD PAP tended to be higher in the RVD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RAP and TPG before LVAD implantation and an acute decrease (Δ) in PAP by LVAD were significant predictors of RVD (P<.05). The sensitivity for predicting RVD by a combination of at least two of these three predictors (RAP ≥20 mm Hg, TPG ≥16 mm Hg, and ΔPAP ≤10 mm Hg) was 82%, and the specificity was 88%. Conclusions Dilated right ventricle with increased RV preload and afterload predisposes to RVD after LVAD implantation. Not only baseline parameters but also the immediate hemodynamic response to the LVAD are predictive, and a combination of these parameters may be useful in predictions of the occurrence of RVD after LVAD implantation.
Intracavernosal Injection Training

Intracavernosal injection therapy is a second-line therapeutic approach in the management of erectile dysfunction utilized when oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are found to be ineffective or not tolerated due to side effects. First introduced in the 1980s, they are commonly used as part of a penile rehabilitation program in men who have undergone radical pelvic surgery (prostatectomy, cystoprostatectomy). Intracavernosal injection therapy involves the direct injection of alprostadil, phentolamine, and papaverine separately or in combination into the corpus cavernosum of the penis. Appropriately training men in the use of intracavernosal injections will diminish potential complications of therapy, including priapism. Priapism may occur in men who self-adjust their dose or who are not closely monitored. It should be treated as a medical emergency requiring immediate evaluation and intervention.
Short Communication: Effect of manganese on polysaccharide production and cellular pigmentation in the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans

Manganese supplementation resulted in higher polysaccharide levels and reduced cellular pigmentation by more than 8- or 17-fold after growth for 7d of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 on sucrose or corn syrup, respectively, as a carbon source. The melanin content of the polysaccharide elaborated by ATCC 42023 cells also decreased if MnCl2 was added to the medium. The pullulan content of the polysaccharide synthesized by ATCC 42023 on sucrose was found to increase with increasing levels of manganese, whereas it was lower during growth on corn syrup if manganese was present.
A Novel Small Molecule with Epigenetic Activity Prolongs Survival in a Mouse Model of Multiple Myeloma Refractory to Standard Drugs

Abstract Abstract 5121 Multiple myeloma refractory to bortezomib, IMiDs™, and conventional therapies represents an unmet medical need. An increasing number of patients progress to this stage since treatment related mortality has decreased. To test promising compounds for activity in this setting we established an NSG mouse xenograft model with serial transplantation by tail vein injection of myeloma cells from a patient with IgG kappa myeloma relapsed and refractory to all standard drugs. Eight days after tail vein injection monoclonal human IgG can be detected in serum. Bone marrow engraftment in young (6–12 weeks) NSG mice after sublethal radiation (275cGy) is close to 100% (n=32). Untreated mice die within less than 2 months, usually with liver and spleen metastasis (anti-human CD138 flow cytometry). In a drug screen that used a novel method developed in our lab, chromatin condensation PCR, we identified a non nucleoside compound (4I3) that potently (1mM) reactivated expression of epigenetically silenced genes and displayed cancer-specific growth and survival inhibition in myeloma cell lines but not normal cells. Normal bone marrow cells continued to divide at doses 10x higher than required to kill 80% of myeloma cells. 4I3 suppressed DNMT1 protein but rapid cell kill (within 1–2 days) suggested additional mechanisms which we currently investigate. Given IV to mice after documentation of engraftment by IgG serum immunoblots, it prolonged survival in an ongoing experiment. Updated results will be presented at the meeting. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Why does lateral transfer occur in so many species and how

Lateral gene transfer (LGT) or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the process of genetic movement between distantly related organisms. By introducing novel genetic information, LGT may spread the evolutionary success across distantly related organisms, allowing the recipient to access new niches or resources. Once a highly debated topic among scientists, LGT is now considered to be the driving force in prokaryotic evolution. Examples of LGT in prokaryotes include the spread of pathogenicity islands and antibiotic resistance. It has been estimated that almost all prokaryotic genes have been transferred at least once in their histories of evolution. Frequent LGT events may not only obliterate the evolutionary relationships among prokaryotic lineages, but also lead to the origin of major groups. Furthermore, pervasive LGT events among prokaryotes were also largely responsible for the concepts of net of life and pan-genomes. Investigations of horizontally acquired genes in eukaryotes can be complicated by multiple scenarios such as differential gene losses, independent gene acquisitions, and intracellular gene transfer from mitochondria and plastids. In particular, because of the prokaryotic origin of mitochondria and plastids, genes transferred from these intracellular organelles can be difficult to distinguish from those independently acquired from other bacteria. This issue can be more serious in view of the widespread occurrence and various levels of endosymbioses in eukaryotes. Nevertheless, it is generally agreed that LGT does occur frequently in unicellular eukaryotes. In complex multicellular eukaryotes (e.g., animals and plants), although it has been suggested that the differentiation of somatic and reproductive cells may constitute barriers to LGT, reports of horizontally acquired genes are increasingly common in these groups, suggesting that no barriers to LGT are insurmountable. It also becomes increasingly clear that LGT plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of global biodiversity. Mechanisms of LGT are better understood in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. Transformation, transduction and conjugation are commonly responsible for gene transfer in prokaryotes. Other mechanisms, such as gene transfer agents (GTAs) and cell fusion, can also lead to the transfer of genetic material between prokaryotic cells. GTAs are structurally similar to bacteriophages, but carry mostly random DNA fragments from host bacteria. Mechanisms of LGT in eukaryotes remain largely elusive. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that physical association or contact between donor and recipient organisms (e.g., endosymbiosis, feeding, parasitism) may facilitate the occurrence of gene transfer. Several mechanisms proposed for LGT in eukaryotes, such as gene ratchet and week-link model, are discussed in this review.
Fifty Years of the ACSA

The Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture will be fifty years old in December. In this article Dean McClure, immediate Past-President of the Association, traces its history from foundat...
Education and Popular Culture Narratives

Contemporary filmgoers will, perhaps, be forgiven for tittering unkindly at Arnheim’s rather quaint example of montage and juxtaposition filmic technique, having been raised on a steady diet of computer generated graphic depictions of car crashes and explosions. A scene involving a maid opening a door that one has immediately prior seen from the other side would hardly be expected to create anxiety in the psyches of audience members accustomed to viewing the likes of Freddy Krueger and Pinhead leaping out of dark shadows to slay their unsuspecting teen victims.
Editor’s Introduction: Understanding Cross-National Differences in Globalized Teacher Reforms

We have observed a global focus on improving teacher quality through reforming teacher education, certification, recruitment, and evaluation during the past two decades. Previous single country stu...
Flat Serrated Polyps at CT Colonography: Relevance, Appearance, and Optimizing Interpretation

This article reviews the current understanding, relevance, and presentation of sessile serrated polyps, along with the experience at CT colonography and methods to optimize detection and characterization of these lesions.
Suppressed Ion Migration along the In-Plane Direction in Layered Perovskites

Ion migration in a three-dimensional (3D) perovskite is the source of many unique phenomena such as photocurrent hysteresis and a giant switchable photovoltaic effect and can also accelerate the degradation of perovskite-based electronic devices. Here we report the observation of suppressed ion migration along the in-plane direction of layered perovskites by studying the conductivity of layered single-crystal perovskites at varied temperatures. Large-area layered perovskite thin single crystals are synthesized by the space-confined method. The absence of ion migration in these layered perovskites can be explained by an increase in the energy required to form an ion vacancy, compared to 3D perovskites. The suppressed ion migration in layered perovskites indicates that they have intrinsically better stability under an electric field and may contribute to the improved perovskite stability in devices made of layered perovskite through the reduction of ion diffusion-induced perovskite degradation or corrosion ...
The Irrepressible Myth of Cooper v. Aaron

Despite its constitutional provenance and majestic grandeur , the Supreme Court of the United States operates like any other court. Although its judgments bind the parties before the Court, its precedents are not self-executing for nonparties. The distinction between the Supreme Court’s judgments and precedents is often conflated due to Cooper v. Aaron. This landmark 1958 decision was spurred by the desegregation crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas. Cooper articulated two concepts under which the Supreme Court’s precedents operate as binding judgments on everyone. First, the Justices announced the doctrine that came to be known as judicial supremacy: a simple majority of the Supreme Court could now declare, with finality, the “supreme Law of the Land.” Second, Cooper asserted a principle this Article calls judicial universality: the Supreme Court’s constitutional interpretations obligate not only the parties in a given case, but also other similarly situated parties in later cases. Cooper, which was signed by all nine Justices, represented that these two doctrines were “basic” and premised on “settled doctrine.” Not so. Rather, they were novel assertions of judicial power that were and remain entirely inconsistent with how all courts, including the Supreme Court, operate. Through a careful study of the papers of Justices Black, Brennan, Burton, Clark, Douglas, Frankfurter, Harlan, and Chief Justice Warren, this Article exposes the constitutional origins of this irrepressible myth.
Configurable distributed physical downlink control channel for 5G new radio: Resource bundling and diversity trade-off

New radio technologies for the fifth generation of wireless system have been extensively studied globally. Specifically, air interface protocols for 5G radio access network will be standardized in coming years by 3GPP. Due to its crucial function in scheduled system, physical layer downlink control channel (PDCCH) is a core element to enable all physical layer data transmissions. Recently, configurable distributed PDCCH with the intention to cope with different scenarios has been developed in 3GPP. To have comprehensive understanding of respective technical advantages and potential scenario dependent limitations, detailed performance analysis and evaluations of configurable distributed PDCCH are thoroughly studied in this paper. In particular, exponential effective SNR mapping (EESM) has been employed as the performance metric of configurable distributed PDCCH in different scenarios. It is demonstrated from EESM results that configurable distributed PDCCH offers additional degree of freedom for the trade-off between achieved frequency diversity and channel estimation gain by adjusting resource bundling level according to the channel and interference scenario experienced by the control channel transmission.
Immunologic studies of native and modified human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor.

Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight greater than one-million daltons. Two activities are associated with this large molecule: FVIII procoagulant activity and vWF activity. Incubation of FVIII/vWF with proteolytic enzymes causes rapid inactivation of the FVIII procoagulant activity but has little effect on the vWF activity or antigenicity. In an attempt to gain insight into the structural features required for these two activities, antisera were raised in rabbits to normal, thrombin-inactivated, and plasmin-inactivated FVIII/vWF. All of these proteolytically modified forms of FVIII/vWF cross-reacted with each of the rabbit antisera; each blocked the ability of a human inhibitor to inactivate native active FVIII/vWF. Each of the antisera was a potent inhibitor of vWF activity and inactivated vWF activity at the same titer. The antisera were much less potent inhibitors of FVIII activity than of vWF activity. Antibodies to thrombin-inactivated FVIII/vWF or normal FVIII/vWF had about the same ability to inactivate FVIII procoagulant activity. Surprisingly, those to plasmin-inactivated FVIII/vWF still retained about 50% of this inhibitory capacity. A comparison of the three types of antigens by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-6 M urea demonstrated that the structure of thrombin- inactivated FVIII/vWF was indistinguishable from that of normal FVIII/vWF, while plasmin-inactivated FVII/vWF was completely cleaved to lower molecular weight fragments. Some of the reported variations in the ability of rabbit antibodies to inhibit procoagulant activity may be due to partial degradation of the starting antigen. The retention by FVIII/vWF protein of its immunologic properties even after extensive proteolytic degradation suggests that under nondenaturing conditions, the conformation of the native and degraded molecules are very similar.