cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ADDITIONAL VALIDITY DATA FOR THE MULTIPLE AFFECT ADJECTIVE CHECK LIST-REVISED '

The correlations of scores on the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List—Revised with selected scales of the Adjective Check List for 43 college students are presented. The pattern of significant int...
The Transformative Potential of Social Work's Evolving Practice in Dementia Care

Social workers in diverse service systems throughout the United States encounter many opportunities for improving quality of life for people with dementia and their families. Yet practice with this population is unclearly defined and a core set of competencies for such practice does not yet exist. Instead, it is shaped by roles within aging and health systems. These roles are informed by a biomedical disease model of dementia. This article examines social work practice and its connection to evolving views on aging and senility throughout the 20th century. New directions for practice are recommended to improve services for individuals with dementia.
Frequency fidelity of a compact CO 2 Doppler lidar transmitter

The cw, interpulse, and intrapulse frequency stabilities of a compact, sealed-off CO2 Doppler lidar transmitter are characterized. A cw stability of 1 part in 5 × 1011 for 1-s averaging times, maximum pulse-to-pulse frequency deviations of ±49 kHz for periods of seconds at a pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz, and pulses with low-frequency chirp are demonstrated in a instrument suitable for the field.
The Emergence of Modern Infantwear, 1896-1962: Traditional White Dresses Succumb to Fashion's Gender Obsession:

The first half of the twentieth century witnessed a number of innovations and ambiguities in the clothing of young children. Dominant, popular period literature reveals mixed cultural sentiments regarding how children, and especially boys, should be dressed. Our analysis of this literature and of new clothing styles offered for the first five to six years of a child's life reveals that a larger re-visioning of gender and age boundaries was underway. Between 1896, the first year infantwear (the androgynous white dress) was offered in the Sears catalog in the United States, and 1962, the first year gender-specific wear for newborns appeared in the catalog, complex processes of visual negotiation and evolution occurred. "Revolutionary" changes in playwear and "interim" dressy garment innovations helped to bridge masculinity and femininity across the first years of life, hence easing the transition toward more modern, streamlined styles for boys, in particular. Integrating three fashion theories (Hollander's,...
An empirical investigation of integrated multicriteria group decision models in a simulation/gaming context

This article proposes two models of group decision making that integrate mathematical and behavioral concepts. Further, the results of an empirical test of these two integrated spatial proximity multicriteria decision-making-problem-solving technology models are presented. The performance of these models is compared to the performance of a nonintegrated multicriteria model for two strategic operations decisions: plant location and process selection. The empirical test utilized free simulation methodology and was conducted in the context of the Business Management Laboratory simulation game. Results include the finding that both the integrated and nonintegrated models generally described choices more accurately than a random process did. Findings relating the performance of the integrated models to that of the nonintegrated model were mixed. For the process selection decision, one integrated model, TOPSIS-PST, outperformed the others. Additional results indicate that the number of decision criteria might b...
Memory-guided saccadic eye movements: effects of cerebellar disease

We compared the accuracy of oblique, memory-guided saccades if the eye is stationary or moves horizontally during the memory period. We studied 11 patients with cerebellar disease and 11 age-matched control subjects. Normal subjects showed similar accuracy of saccades for both conditions. In contrast, all patients showed greater errors if the eye moved horizontally during the memory period; however, errors of both vertical and horizontal components of memory-guided saccades were similar. Thus, inaccuracy of memory-guided saccades could not be simply attributed to failure to internally monitor change in horizontal gaze during the memory period. Instead, we propose that the greater saccadic errors which occurred when gaze changed during the memory period reflected a disruption of predictive mechanisms governing eye movements.
Correctional destabilization and jail violence: The consequences of prison depopulation legislation

Abstract Purpose This study explored the effects of prison depopulation on local jail violence through a general systems perspective – where an abrupt shift in the processing of offenders had the potential to create ripple effects through other organizations – of the criminal justice system. Methods In 2011, California passed the Criminal Justice Realignment legislation aimed to reduce prison population by making low-level felony offenders ineligible for state incarceration and diverting those already in state prison for the included offenses from state to county-level community supervision once paroled. This study incorporated bivariate and negative binomial regression analyses to model officially-recorded county jail panel data to estimate the effects of state prison depopulation on California county jails. Results Findings demonstrated support for the general systems framework as there was a significant decrease in jail utility in the bivariate analysis and a significant increase in jail violence in the multivariate analysis associated with passage of California’s prison depopulation legislation. Conclusions The results supported the notion of an interconnected criminal justice system. Policy implications include the consequences of increased violence on jail operations, the potential for a cadre of habitual offenders, and generalizing these findings to the community.
The four phases of esophageal bolus transit defined by high-resolution impedance manometry and fluoroscopy

We aimed to model esophageal bolus transit based on esophageal pressure topography (EPT) landmarks, concurrent intrabolus pressure (IBP), and esophageal diameter as defined with fluoroscopy. Ten healthy subjects were studied with high-resolution impedance manometry and videofluoroscopy. Data from four 5-ml barium swallows (2 upright, 2 supine) in each subject were analyzed. EPT landmarks were utilized to divide bolus transit into four phases: phase I, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening; phase II, UES closure to the transition zone (TZ); phase III, TZ to contractile deceleration point (CDP); and phase IV, CDP to completion of bolus emptying. IBP and esophageal diameter were analyzed to define functional differences among phases. IBP exhibited distinct changes during the four phases of bolus transit. Phase I was associated with filling via passive dilatation of the esophagus and IBP reflective of intrathoracic pressure. Phase II was associated with auxotonic relaxation and compartmentalization of the bolus distal to the TZ. During phase III, IBP exhibited a slow increase with loss of volume related to peristalsis (auxotonic contraction) and passive dilatation in the distal esophagus. Phase IV was associated with the highest IBP and exhibited isometric contraction during periods of nonemptying and auxotonic contraction during emptying. IBP may be used as a marker of esophageal wall state during the four phases of esophageal bolus transit. Thus abnormalities in IBP may identify subtypes of esophageal disease attributable to abnormal distensibility or neuromuscular dysfunction.
Riemann curvature in quantum computational geometry

In the Riemannian geometry of quantum computation, the quantum evolution is described in terms of the special unitary group SU(2n) of n-qubit unitary operators with unit determinant. To elaborate on one aspect of the methodology, the Riemann curvature and sectional curvature are explicitly derived using the Lie algebra su(2n). This is important for investigations of the global characteristics of geodesic paths in the group manifold.
Attention styles and peer relationships of hyperactive and normal boys and girls

Attention skills of hyperactive and normal boys and girls and behavioral ratings by teachers were investigated. Peer perceptions were obtained using a sociometric measure. Results supported previous research that found attentional deficits in hyperactive children. Results also suggested that hyperactive girls, as well as hyperactive boys, have difficulty with peer relationships. Hyperactive boys and girls displayed different patterns of problem behavior, although both groups displayed more problems than normal boys and girls. Specifically, the hyperactive girls displayed more conduct problem behavior than normal girls, but less than hyperactive boys. Because of the disruptive behavior problems they present, hyperactive boys may be identified earlier than are hyperactive girls.
Distributed newton method for computing real decoupled power flow in lossy electric energy networks

This work presents a distributed method for calculating real decoupled power flow problems by drawing on the distributed Newton method for optimization in transportation problems. Transmission lines with non-zero resistance, and therefore, real power line losses, create two different flow values at each end of the line, which becomes inconsistent with the model presented for transportation type problems. However, modeling a lossy line as a lossless line with shunts allows the model to treat a transmission line as having one flow variable and one loss variable. This is critical to extending these types of algorithms to AC power flow, where reactive power loss is not as negligible as resistive loss. A simple two bus example is presented to demonstrate how to use the algorithm, while an example on the IEEE 14 bus system is presented to show generalizable results.
Atrial natriuretic peptide-like (ANP-LIR) and ANP prohormone immunoreactive astrocytes and neurons of human cerebral cortex.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) represents a family of related peptides originally isolated from cardiac atria that have potent natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant properties. ANP has previously been localized in neurons of the rat brain in regions subserving cardiovascular functions and fluid/electrolyte balance and has been localized in astroglia of the canine brain. To determine whether ANP is present in astrocytes of the human brain and to validate the canine model for future studies, human brain tissue was obtained from autopsy cases with no brain damage or neurological or vascular disease. Human brains were obtained less than 3 h postmortem, and anterior cingulate and striate cortices were dissected following perfusion or immersion fixation. Immunohistochemical processing utilized antibodies against the processed form of ANP (ANP IV, ANP104–128) and against rat proANP (amino terminus) and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Isolated, strongly ANP-immunoreactive protoplasmic astrocytes were observed in all layers of the cingulate and striate cortex gray matter. ANP-positive fibrous astrocytes were observed in the white matter. Additionally, distinctive immunopositive astrocytes were found both within and immediately subjacent to the glia limitans. Antibody against the prohormone stained only protoplasmic astrocytes and sublimitans astrocytes and processes. In addition to the astroglia, ANP was detected in scattered multipolar neurons in the cerebral gray matter. These results provide additional evidence for diversity of peptide localization in astrocytes and suggest roles for ANP in the local regulation of cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier permeability, or cerebrospinal fluid volume.
Holding therapy: a harmful mental health intervention

AbstractBackgroundHolding therapy, an alternative form of child psychotherapy, involves physical restraint and manipulation, and has been associated with adverse events.ObjectiveTo examine the evidence of effectiveness for holding therapy.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched, as well as an
How Penicillin Kills Bacteria: Progress and Problems

Penicillins and cephalosporins are specific inhibitors of the biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. This discovery was first made in 1957 and was based on two observations. First, penicillins induced the formation of protoplasts or spheroplasts in bacteria (organisms in which the cell wall has been lost or weakened) (Lederberg 1957). Secondly, a uridine nucleotide accumulated in Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria inhibited by penicillin which had a striking relationship to the composition of the cell wall (Park & Strominger 1957). It was therefore suggested that this nucleotide was an activated precursor of the wall. Over the next decade, a great deal of work was carried out in order to elucidate the structure of the bacterial cell wall and the mechanism of its biosynthesis from the uridine nucleotides and other precursors (reviewed by Strominger 1970; Strominger & Ghuysen 1967; Ghuysen 1968). It was demonstrated that interpeptide cross-links were an important structural feature of the wall. Several kinds of experiments carried out with whole cells indicated that the final step in cell wall synthesis, the crosslinking reaction catalysed by a transpeptidase, was the site of action of penicillin (Wise & Park 1965; Tipper & Strominger 1965 a , b , 1968). Finally, in 1966, the transpeptidase catalysing this cross-linking reaction was obtained in a cell-free system and shown to be a penicillin-sensitive enzyme (Izaki, Matsuhashi & Strominger 1966, 1968). The history of these developments has been reviewed elsewhere (Strominger 1970), and in the present paper, attention will be focused on recent studies of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase and other penicillinsensitive activities found in bacterial cell membranes. First, however, it is necessary to describe briefly the structure of the cell wall of bacteria and the nature of the inhibited reactions. The walls of bacteria consist of glycan strands in which two sugars, acetylglucosamine (X) and acetylmuramic acid (Y), strictly alternate (figure 1). Four such glycan strands are represented in figure 1. The acetylmuramic acid residues of the polymer are substituted by a tetrapeptide (represented in the figure by open circles). The peptidoglycan strand (i.e., the glycan substituted by the tetrapeptide) are cross-linked to one another by means of an interpeptide bridge which is to some extent a genus-specific character­istic. In the genus Staphylococcus aureus , the interpeptide bridge is a pentaglycine chain (represented in figure 1 by the closed circles) which extends from the carboxyl group on the terminal D-alanine residue of the tetrapeptide to the ∊-amino group of lysine, the third amino acid in the tetrapeptide chain. The wall of S . aureus is a very tightly knit structure in that virtually every peptide subunit is cross-linked to another subunit by means of this interpeptide bridge. Penicillins and cephalosporins are specific inhibitors of the reaction in which the cross-link is actually formed. This step is the last reaction in wall synthesis.
Apparent Electrical Conductivity, Soil Properties and Spatial Covariance in the U.S. Southern High Plains

Site-specific soil and crop management will require rapid low-cost sensors that can generate position-referenced data that measure important soil properties that impact crop yields. Apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) is one such measure. Our main objective was to determine which commonly measured surface soil properties were related to ECa at six sites in the Texas Southern High Plains, USA. We used the Veris 3100 and Geonics EM-38 EC mapping systems on 12 to 47 ha areas in six center-pivot irrigation sites. Soil samples were taken from 0–150 mm on a 0.1 to 0.8 ha grid and analyzed for routine nutrients and particle size distribution. At four of the six sites, shallow ECa measured with the Veris 3100 (ECa-sh) positively correlated to clay content. Clay content was negatively related with ECa-sh at one site, possibly due to low bulk density of the shallow calcic horizon at that site. Other soil properties that were often correlated with ECa included soil extractable Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, CEC, silt and soluble salts. Extractable K+, NO 3 − , SO 4 − , Mehlich-3-P, and pH were not related to ECa. Partial least squares regression (PLS) of seven soil properties explained an average of 61%, 51% and 37% of the variation in observed shallow ECa-sh, deep ECa with the Veris 3100 (ECa-dp) and ECa with the Geonics EM-38 (ECa-em), respectively. Including nugget, range and sill parameters from a spherical semivariance model of the residuals from PLS regression improved the fit of mixed models in 15 of 18 cases. Apparent EC, therefore can provide useful information to land-users about key soil properties such as clay content and extractable Ca2+, but that spatial covariance in these relationships should not be ignored.
Identification of photodegradants of droloxifene by combined HPLC‐‐MS, NMR spectroscopy and computational chemistry

A combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the photodecay products of droloxifene, a potent new estrogen receptor agonist. Structurally similar to tamoxifen, droloxifene demonstrates a complex and unique decay scheme, including the formation of two naphthalene derivatives which were unexpected decay products and previously unreported for this class of compound. Elucidation of the decay products was assisted by the use of computational chemistry, namely by correlating simulated UV spectra and aqueous solvation free energies with actual UV spectra and HPLC retention data. In addition to describing the photodecay scheme of droloxifene, the present work demonstrates the utility of computational chemistry in providing support for the identification of unknown compounds. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Myth of the Capitalist Class: Unofficial Sources and Political Economy in Colonial Malawi, 1895-1924

One of the prevalent theories in Malawian historiography is that primitive accumulation created a unified capitalist class which worked in concert with the colonial state and sowed the seeds of poverty by viciously exploiting the indigenous community. This proposition relies almost exclusively on official sources, and scholars have rarely looked for unofficial material to corroborate it. Such a lacuna is regrettable because unofficial data indicate that Malawi's colonial capitalists were often a badly fragmented class antagonistic to the colonial administration. Moreover, the capitalists' divisions paralyzed them politically and thus allowed the state to enact legislation which was often antithetical to capitalists' ambitions and prerequisites. As a result, the capitalists often found themselves economically imperiled. Few documents demonstrate this trend better than the colony's most important expatriate newspaper, The Nyasaland Times . The Nyasaland Times first appeared in 1895. Published by R.S. Hynde at the Blantyre Mission press, it immediately declared that “we are devoted to the planting interests of the community—the interest, we venture to state, on which the commercial prosperity of B.C.A. [British Central Africa] depends.” That the planters needed a voice devoted to them can scarcely be denied. By 1895 both the administration and the missions had established papers which were often hostile to the planters. In particular, Sir Harry Johnston's British Central African Gazette reflected the Commissioner's almost feral antipathy towards the planters in its editorials.
The 2001 Charles T. Dotter Lecture: Understanding Vascular Devices at the Molecular Level Is the Key to Progress

CHARLES Dotter’s inventiveness and creativity had an inspirational effect on those who new him personally or learned of his work through his written word. His legacy helped create a new specialty and directly or indirectly influenced all of us. To give a talk in his memory involves a responsibility to not only recognize the effect of his pioneering spirit on current advances of interventional radiology and also on our research initiatives. I have chosen a subject that fascinated me for many years as the next frontier in device development, this is the device–host interface. Ever since my first examination of microscopic specimens of healed stents, I have been intrigued by the boundary line between device and adjacent tissue. It seemed to me that a world of secrets lies there, beyond the view of the microscope, a world that may have the answers to progress in intravascular stenting. Current trends in the development of vascular devices are clearly shifting from design to materials. The large number of surface coatings under evaluation, including those that release pharmacological agents, is clear evidence that attention is now being focused at the device surface. Biocompatibility of medical devices has traditionally been evaluated by boundary tissue responses. Measures of platelet attachment (1), thrombus formation (2), injury and inflammatory score (3), endothelialization cover (4), and intimal thickness (5) are a few of the parameters used to judge the body response to the placement of intravascular stents. However, cellular responses are always mediated through proteins and protein ligands. Without these, cells cannot recognize an artificial surface and no interaction can occur. The quality, quantity, and sequence of protein deposition determine the dynamic process of cellular response. It is then evident that the interaction of the artificial surface with proteins should be the focus of current efforts to improve device performance. The intimate relationship governing device surface and protein interactions is poorly understood. Since this subject may be central to the performance of vascular devices, it is puzzling to me that major efforts at present are focused on tissue-suppression techniques. Today, the two main venues to improve stent performance are brachytherapy and drug eluting stents. Both are nonspecific, nonselective cell killers and address a problem that is incompletely understood. The focus of this discussion will center on basic physical-chemical aspects of common prosthetic materials and their interaction with body fluids and proteins, and will attempt to identify possible avenues for future research to improve stent performance.
Erratum to “Three-dimensional vectorial analysis of an electromagnetic non-diffracting high-order Bessel trigonometric beam” [Wave Motion 49 (2012) 561–568]

Abstract The theoretical magnitude cross-sectional profiles for the electric and magnetic field components of a high-order Bessel trigonometric beam presented in Figs. 1–4 in Mitri (2012) [F.G. Mitri, Three-dimensional vectorial analysis of an electromagnetic non-diffracting high-order Bessel trigonometric beam, Wave Motion 49 (2012) 561–568] are amended. Corrected computational plots that should replace the earlier ones are provided in this erratum.
Experimental investigation of aerosol filtration in magnetically stabilized fluidized bed filters

Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to further examine the use of magnetically stabilized fluidized filters (MSFFs) for removing aerosols from gas streams. Unlike the earlier work of Albert and Tien (paper presented at A.I.Ch.E. meeting, Washington, 1983) which primarily used very shallow beds, this study used filters with reasonably long bed height (11 cm). It was found that a bed became less stable as the amount of deposited aerosols within the bed increased; this ultimately led to a failure to maintain the state of homogeneous fluidization and the collapse of the fluidized bed. Prior to the onset of instability the bed operated in a steady-state manner with a filter coefficient value approximately one-third of that of an equivalent fixed-bed filter.
Dominant Lethal Pathologies in Male Mice Engineered to Contain an X-Linked DUX4 Transgene

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an enigmatic disease associated with epigenetic alterations in the subtelomeric heterochromatin of the D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat. Each repeat unit encodes DUX4, a gene that is normally silent in most tissues. Besides muscular loss, most patients suffer retinal vascular telangiectasias. To generate an animal model, we introduced a doxycycline-inducible transgene encoding DUX4 and 3' genomic DNA into a euchromatic region of the mouse X chromosome. Without induction, DUX4 RNA was expressed at low levels in many tissues and animals displayed a variety of unexpected dominant leaky phenotypes, including male-specific lethality. Remarkably, rare live-born males expressed DUX4 RNA in the retina and presented a retinal vascular telangiectasia. By using doxycycline to induce DUX4 expression in satellite cells, we observed impaired myogenesis in vitro and in vivo. This mouse model, which shows pathologies due to FSHD-related D4Z4 sequences, is likely to be useful for testing anti-DUX4 therapies in FSHD.
Full-length human tissue factor pathway inhibitor inhibits human activated protein C in the presence of heparin.

Previous studies have demonstrated that tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) purified from a hepatoma cell line failed to inhibit human activated protein C (APC) or human thrombin. In the present study, we have examined the ability of full-length TFPI and a truncated form of TFPI lacking the third Kunitz-type domain and C-terminal tail (TFPI1–161) to inhibit the amidolytic activity of human APC in the presence and absence of heparin. TFPI readily inhibited APC amidolytic activity only in the presence of heparin, whereas TFPI1–161 failed to inhibit APC amidolytic activity in the presence or absence of heparin. Optimal inhibition of APC by TFPI was observed at 1 U/ml heparin. The results of competition studies between factor Xa and APC for inhibition by TFPI in the presence of heparin suggested that the second Kunitz-type domain in TFPI was responsible for the inhibition of APC.
Three Cheers for Universal Jurisdiction - Or Is It Only Two?

Universal jurisdiction has entered upon a dramatic and turbulent period of its long and generally stable history. Once associated primarily with prosecution for piracy or slave trading, it now figures in state-court prosecution of persons accused of international crimes that have been incorporated into state law, particularly genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. This new direction has generated serious interstate conflicts, particularly when the acts for which defendants are charged are viewed by some states or regions as criminal and by others as heroic and when the actual or proposed defendants are citizens of a major power. The critical current task is to engage in broad public discussion of these issues in order to build some consensus among many states about the legitimate uses and potential abuses of universal jurisdiction.
Strength-frequency relationship for white noise stimulation of squid axons☆

Abstract The strength-frequency (input-output) relationship for a patch of space-clamped squid axon membrane, stimulated by continuous white noise current with Gaussian amplitude distribution, both by itself and superimposed on a step, was investigated experimentally and compared with (1) computations based on the Hodgkin-Huxley formulation and (2) the theoretical study of Stein, who used finite duration quantal inouts whose turn-on times were Poisson-distributed. All three give similar sigmoid curves with ultimate saturation, although the theoretical curves lie to the left of the experimental, indicating greater sensitivity of the models to this form of input. Pre- and post-spike trajectories were compared at various noise stimulus intensities. The experimental results may be pertinent to models for sensory or synaptic behavior.
Least-squares multirate FIR filters

The authors propose a new least-squares design procedure for multirate FIR filters with any desired shape of the (band-limited) frequency response. The aliasing, inherent in such systems, is implicitly taken into account in the approximation criterion.
LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF ETHANOL INHIBITS PROLACTIN-INDUCED MITOGENESIS AND CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN CULTURED ASTROCYTES

Whereas the immunosuppressive effects of chronic alcohol use have been well documented, little is known about the effect of ethanol on the neuroimmune response. We previously demonstrated that PRL is a potent mitogen and induces the expression of several inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in cultured rat astrocytes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol on PRL-induced mitogenesis and TNFα expression in cultured rat astrocytes. We found that low concentrations of ethanol blocked PRL-induced increases in [3H]thymidine incorporation and TNFα levels. In contrast, ethanol had no effect on platelet-derived growth factor- or fibroblast growth factor-induced increases in[ 3H]thymidine incorporation. Radioligand binding analysis revealed that ethanol did not effect PRL receptor binding. We also examined the effect of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on PRL-induced mitogenesis and cytokine expression. PAE during the last 5 days of gestation blunted the PRL-induced ...
SPORTS WARS Suburbs and Center Cities in a Zero-Sum Game

Sports teams are integral to the battle between cities for image and economic development. Although interregional moves of teams receive more publicity, intraregional battles between center cities and their suburbs are common. The benefits created by teams affect all cities in a region. As such, providing incentives to encourage moves within a region will result in increased profits for teams and higher salaries for players. Further, if teams do not generate a concentration of benefits for an investor city, then all cities in a region would be well served by treating professional sports teams as regional assets that require regional cooperation. Through an analysis of the impact of professional sports teams on the economies of cities in the Dallas/Fort Worth region, the inability of investor cities to capture benefits is illustrated. The results illustrate the need for regional cooperation to reduce public sector fiscal risks and the subsidies given to teams.
A note on the global stability and bifurcation phenomenon of a Lotka-Volterra food chain.

Abstract In this short note, we shall describe the behavior of a Lotka-Volterra food chain with a carrying capacity in the first species. The results we obtained will provide answers to the questions raised in Smith (1974), Freedman & Waltman (1977) and Gard & Hallam (1978).
A PERSONAL GROWTH WORKSHOP TO IMPROVE ACADEMICALLY HIGH-RISK STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD TEACHERS

A one-group, pre-posttest design was used to evaluate the effects of a one-day workshop on improving attitudes of high-risk students toward teachers. Fifteen teachers in a high school which participates in an inner city transfer program and which is located in an affluent suburban midwestern setting, were asked to identify students whom they felt were at high risk academically, i.e., might possibly fail to graduate. Criteria used for selection of students included excessive absenteeism, behavioral problems, and poor gades. Of the 15 students who participated, six were from the inner city. A hall-day workshop based on the concept of "team building," where participants gained a greater understanding of each other's motives and perspectives through the formation of ongoing bonds and alliances by establishing contracts to deal mote effectively with each other, formed the structured intervention for these students. Smdents and teachers were taken rhrough a series of human relations and group dynamics exercises, working alone and then in small groups. It was hypothesized that the workshop experience would help the students see their teachers as more "concerned," "available," "fair," "unbiased," and "open-minded." A 32-item Likert-type questionnaire was administered to the student-participants of the workshop 16 days prior to the workshop and again 16 days afterwards. Four to eight questionnaire items were used ro measure each given construct.
Modeling of direct beam extraction for a high-charge-state fusion driver

Abstract A newly proposed type of multicharged ion source offers the possibility of an economically advantageous high-charge-state fusion driver. Multiphoton absorption in an intense uniform laser focus can give multiple charge states of high purity, simplifying or eliminating the need for charge-state separation downstream. Very large currents (hundreds of amperes) can be extracted from this type of source. Several arrangements are possible. For example, the laser plasma could be tailored for storage in a magnetic bucket, with beam extracted from the bucket. A different approach, described in this report, is direct beam extraction from the expanding laser plasma. We discuss extraction and focusing for the particular case of a 4.1 MV beam of Xe 16+ ions. The maximum duration of the beam pulse is limited by the total charge in the plasma, while the practical pulse length is determined by the range of plasma radii over which good beam optics can be achieved. The extraction electrode contains a solenoid for beam focusing. Our design studies were carried out first with an envelope code and then with a self-consistent particle code. Results from our initial model showed that hundreds of amperes could be extracted, but that most of this current missed the solenoid entrance or was intercepted by the wall and that only a few amperes were able to pass through. We conclude with an improved design which increases the surviving beam to more than 70 A.
One-dimensional random walks, decreasing rearrangements and discrete Steiner symmetrization

Abstract Take a simple random walk in the “blind alley” {1, 2, …, N + 1}, starting at 1, with the boundary condition that movement to the left of 1 results in staying put at 1. Each time the random walk visits a point n ∈ {1, 2, …, N}, it is subject to a danger and has a probability dn of being consumed by it. We prove that the probability of safe arrival at N + 1 is increased if the dn are replaced by their non-decreasing rearrangement dn#. Next, we consider the same random walk but now on all of Z +, again with a danger dn at each point n ∈ Z +. Let Td be the time of first absorption by one of the dangers dn. We prove that P(Td ≥ λ) ≤ P(Td# ≥ λ) for all λ ∈ Z +. Finally, we obtain a theorem on Steiner rearrangement and generalized discrete harmonic measure for discrete cases which are a priori symmetric under a reflection in an appropriate axis. Our methods are completely elementary.
A mesh reconfiguration scheme for speeding up Monte Carlo simulations of electromagnetic scattering by random rough surfaces

Abstract Traditional methods of Monte Carlo simulations of random rough surface scattering that use the finite element method involve the generation of multiple meshes for the purpose of taking ensemble averages. We propose a mesh reconfiguration scheme that instead uses a single master mesh. The main idea is to locally modify only the air–surface interface region in the mesh for each instance of a random rough surface. This method achieves a four fold improvement in computation time without any loss of accuracy.
The role of simulations in econometrics pedagogy

This article assesses the role of simulation methods in econometrics pedagogy. Technological advances have increased researchers' abilities to use simulation methods and have contributed to a greater presence of simulation-based analysis in econometrics research. Simulations can also have an important role as pedagogical tools in econometrics education by providing a data-driven medium for difficult-to-grasp theoretical ideas to be empirically mimicked and the results to be visualized and interpreted accessibly. Three sample blueprints for implementing simulations to demonstrate foundational econometric principles provide a framework for gauging the effectiveness of simulation analysis as a pedagogical instrument. WIREs Comput Stat 2015, 7:160-165. doi: 10.1002/wics.1342
BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF ALCOHOLISM

Abstract (1) The peripheral metabolism of alcohol has implications for CNS function beyond removal of ethanol from the circulation. (2) The activity of many enzymes is altered because of the presence of ethanol and acetaldehyde or because of the increased NADH/NAD ratio. Examples of this are found in cholesterol, steroid hormone, and neurotransmitter metabolism. CNS metabolism and function may in turn be altered by these peripheral events. This concept is termed “amplification” since a relatively inactive compound, such as acetaldehyde, may give rise to much more potent endogenous aldehydes by virtue of inhibition of the metabolism of these aldehydes. (3) The chemistry of ethanol preference, CNS depression, and addiction are reviewed, with emphasis on the enzymology involved. The importance of establishing dose-response relationships in this area is stressed.
The historical development of medical education in africa and the place of medical library and information services

(1983). The historical development of medical education in africa and the place of medical library and information services. International Library Review: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 37-48.
Smooth curves on a cone which pass through its vertex

We obtain results concerning the existence of smooth curves on the cone over a (possibly singular) plane curve. As an application, these results are used to prove the existence of certain smooth space curves which are the set-theoretic complete intersection of a cone with some other surface.
Risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among Alaska Native children

Objective. The incidence of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among Alaska Native children is much higher than among non-Native populations in the United States. We conducted this study to better understand factors associated with hospitalization attributable to RSV infection in this high-risk population. Design. Case-control study, including collection of cord blood for RSV-neutralizing antibody measurement. Setting. Remote region of southwest Alaska served by 1 regional hospital and 2 referral hospitals. Subjects. Case-patients identified through surveillance for RSV infection and matched control subjects without acute respiratory infection hospitalization. Results. Breastfeeding was associated with a lower risk of RSV hospitalization (odds ratio: 0.34), whereas underlying medical conditions (primarily prematurity) were associated with increased risk (odds ratio: 6.25). Environmental factors associated with a higher risk of hospitalization included household crowding (4 or more children in the household and crowding index ≥2). The level of maternal RSV-neutralizing antibody was not associated with the risk of hospitalization. Conclusions. In this region with extremely high risk of RSV hospitalization, several measures, such as encouraging breastfeeding and reducing household crowding, could reduce the risk of hospitalization attributable to RSV.
A variable frame pitch estimator and test results

This paper describes a new algorithm to identify voiced sections in a speech waveform and determine their pitch contours. The new pitch determination algorithm (PDA) uses variable frames and thus overcomes some common problems associated with fixed frame PDAs. It is adapted from an existing maximum likelihood PDA by retaining its strength and removing some weakness in the original formulation. The new PDA was tested on sixteen sentences from TIMIT database and its effectiveness is supported by the test results.
Integrated pest management: a global reality?

The expression "Integrated Pest Management" (IPM or MIP in Portuguese) is completing 28 years since it first appeared in press. Since then integrated pest management or integrated pest control has become the paradigm of choice for activities that aim at attenuating the impact of all pests - plant diseases, weeds, and invertebrate or vertebrate animals - in agricultural production, in human and animal health, and in urban or rural structures. Despite the nearly universal acceptance of the concept, its practical application still is rather restricted, varying considerably among geopolitical regions, the nature of the crop, and, mainly, with the commitment and support of responsible governmental entities for programs dedicated to promote adoption of IPM. An objective assessment of the successful incorporation of IPM in agricultural practices is difficult because: a) lack of rigorous criteria to distinguish an IPM program from other traditional pest control activities, b) absence of a broadly based consensus on a definition of IPM, and c) paucity of reliable quantitative surveys of the agricultural area under IPM. Some have used the percentage of pesticide use reduction as a measure of the success of IPM. This measure, however, in the absence of other criteria, may not be appropriate for in some parts of the world introduction of IPM may lead to an increase in pesticide use, not a reduction. In our search to assess the expansion of IPM programs in the world, we concluded that it is essential to first achieve a consensus on the criteria to measure the nature of the program. In general these criteria depend on the level of IPM integration, the nature of the pests, the value of the crop, the availability of alternative control technologies, and the associated economic, environmental, and social risks. In view of the small volume of available data and in the absence of objective measurements of performance criteria, we opted to use as title for this paper an assertion to be questioned: is indeed IPM a global reality?
Towards a computationally feasible on-line voltage instability index

Several researchers have suggested characterising a power system voltage collapse using the singularity of the Jacobian of the network descripter load-flow equations. It has been proposed to use the minimum singular value of the Jacobian as a security index for monitoring how closely a power system is operating to a voltage instability. However, a singular value decomposition (SVD) computation is an iterative process with a number of arithmetic operations proportional to the cubic power of the matrix size. State-of-the-art SVD computation schemes using large arrays of parallel processors that improve the computation speed linearly and quadratically are discussed. A comparison is made between the computation speed and the number of arithmetic units required for various parallel architecture schemes as well as with the traditional serial computer. >
Solar Vortices and Magnetic Fields

SEVERAL weeks ago I discussed with Prof. Hale the matter of solar vortices and magnetic fields, with reference to his recent discoveries, briefly described in NATURE for August 20 (p. 368). It did not seem to me probable that the effects could be accounted for by unequal diffusivity of the positive and negative ions, or by centrifugal separation, nor does it seem necessary to assume, with Prof. Zeeman, that the magnetic effects are due to electrons participating in the vortical motion. Since that time I have recalled that, so far as definite evidence goes, all luminous vapours giving a line spectrum, and therefore capable of showing the Zeeman effect, are positively charged. A flame coloured with sodium or lithium vapour and placed between two condenser plates is attracted by the negative plate. This fact was used by Lenard to determine the velocity of the positive ions. As shown by Riecke and Stark (Phys. Zeit., v., 537, 1904), if a sodium or lithium salt is placed on the kathode of a long spark the coloured vapour remains in that neighbourhood; if placed on the anode it is at once projected across the entire length of the gap. Hemsalech (Comptes rendus, cxlii., 2, 1906) proved spectroscopically that the metallic vapour in the spark is projected solely from the positive electrode. As shown by Stark (Ann. der Phys., xiv., 529, 1904), that part of the luminous vapour in a mercury arc which gives a band spectrum is unaffected by an electric field, while that part which gives a line spectrum is positively charged. The canal and anode rays are likewise examples of positively charged carriers giving a line spectrum.
Incremental refinement of DFT and STFT approximations

We present a class of multistage algorithms for carrying out incremental refinement of DFT and STFT approximations. Each stage is designed to improve the previous stage's approximation in terms of frequency coverage, frequency resolution, and SNR. These algorithms rely almost exclusively on vector summation operations, and they can be designed to exhibit a variety of tradeoffs between improvement in approximation quality and computational cost per stage. The performance of incremental STFT refinement on real data serves to illustrate the relevance of such algorithms to application systems with dynamic real-time constraints. >
Autophagy-lysosome pathway associated neuropathology and axonal degeneration in the brains of alpha-galactosidase A-deficient mice

Mutations in the gene for alpha-galactosidase A result in Fabry disease, a rare, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a loss of alpha-galactosidase A enzymatic activity. The resultant accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body leads to widespread vasculopathy with particular detriment to the kidneys, heart and nervous system. Disruption in the autophagy-lysosome pathway has been documented previously in Fabry disease but its relative contribution to nervous system pathology in Fabry disease is unknown. Using an experimental mouse model of Fabry disease, alpha-galactosidase A deficiency, we examined brain pathology in 20-24 month old mice with particular emphasis on the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Alpha-galactosidase A-deficient mouse brains exhibited enhanced punctate perinuclear immunoreactivity for the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 (LC3) in the parenchyma of several brain regions, as well as enhanced parenchymal and vascular immunoreactivity for lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP-1). Ultrastructural analysis revealed endothelial cell inclusions with electron densities and a pronounced accumulation of electron-dense lipopigment. The pons of alpha-galactosidase A-deficient mice in particular exhibited a striking neuropathological phenotype, including the presence of large, swollen axonal spheroids indicating axonal degeneration, in addition to large interstitial aggregates positive for phosphorylated alpha-synuclein that co-localized with the axonal spheroids. Double-label immunofluorescence revealed co-localization of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein aggregates with ubiquitin and LC3. Together these findings indicate widespread neuropathology and focused axonal neurodegeneration in alpha-galactosidase A-deficient mouse brain in association with disruption of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, and provide the basis for future mechanistic assessment of the contribution of the autophagy-lysosome pathway to this histologic phenotype.