cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Transceiver Beamformer Design for Multi-Source Multi-Destination Wireless Networks

In this paper, we consider the problem of designing transceiver beamforming vectors for multi-source multi-destination (MSMD) wireless networks such that the transmission power of each source is minimized while the signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) requirements of all source-destination pairs are satisfied. We propose an efficient iterative algorithm to design the transceiver beamforming vectors and address the convergence of the algorithm. We determine a necessary condition as well as a sufficient condition for the algorithm to converge to a generalized Nash equilibrium solution. Especially, if each destination has only one antenna, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the algorithm to converge to a unique generalized Nash equilibrium solution. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative algorithm has higher probability of convergence compared to an iterative waterfilling (IWF) approach. For example, for a system with three source-destination pairs and SINR requirement of 2dB, the probability of convergence is 84$\%$ with the proposed algorithm while it is only 66$\%$ with the IWF algorithm.
Gene-modified bone marrow cell therapy for prostate cancer

There is a critical need to develop new and effective cancer therapies that target bone, the primary metastatic site for prostate cancer and other malignancies. Among the various therapeutic approaches being considered for this application, gene-modified cell-based therapies may have specific advantages. Gene-modified cell therapy uses gene transfer and cell-based technologies in a complementary fashion to chaperone appropriate gene expression cassettes to active sites of tumor growth. In this paper, we briefly review potential cell vehicles for this approach and discuss relevant gene therapy strategies for prostate cancer. We further discuss selected studies that led to the conceptual development and preclinical testing of IL-12 gene-modified bone marrow cell therapy for prostate cancer. Finally, we discuss future directions in the development of gene-modified cell therapy for metastatic prostate cancer, including the need to identify and test novel therapeutic genes such as GLIPR1.
Traversal time for tunneling

A variety of results have been proposed for the time taken by a tunneling particle for barrier traversal. We confirm one of the existing results by considering tunneling through a time-modulated barrier. At low modulation frequency the traversing particle sees an effectively static barrier. At high frequencies the particle tunnels through the time-averaged potential, but can do it inelastically, losing or gaining modulation quanta. The transition between the two regimes yields the traversal time. Estimates of this time are given for field-emission experiments, Zener tunneling and the tunneling of a Josephson junction circuit out of the superconducting state.
Theses and Dissertations Completed in Family and Consumer Sciences: 2011

A survey was completed in the spring of 2012 inviting graduate programs in family and consumer science departments to submit a compilation of theses and dissertations titles. Two written and one verbal correspondence were conducted with each institution to increase response rates and provide a representative sample. A total of 397 theses and 143 dissertations were reported. A comprehensive report of submissions is provided by subject category, author, and title.
A Weighting Approach for GEE Analysis with Missing Data

We propose a new weighting (WT) method to handle missing categorical outcomes in longitudinal data analysis using generalized estimating equations (GEE). The proposed WT provides a valid GEE estimator when the data are missing at random (MAR), and has more stable weights and shows advantage in efficiency compared to the inverse probability weighing method in the presence of small observation probabilities. The WT estimator is similar to the stabilized weighting (SWT) estimator under mild conditions, but it is more stable and efficient than SWT when the associations of the outcome with the observation probabilities and the covariate are strong.
Searching for the right evidence: how to answer your clinical questions using the 6S hierarchy

Asking and answering clinical questions during daily practice can be challenging and time consuming. Knowing the resources available to answer a specific clinical question can lead to a more efficient and effective search strategy and thus, to a more applicable answer based on the levels of evidence available. This primer reviews how to search for the right evidence using a specified hierarchy and provides examples of pre-appraised resources with corresponding websites to help with your search. View this table: Table 1 Clinical questions and available resources associated with the 6S model of evidence The readers of our journal most likely have busy clinical, administrative and/or teaching roles. As such, time is of the essence when thinking about answering clinical questions that arise in patient care. DiCenso and colleagues recently published a hierarchy of pre-appraised evidence called the 6S model.1 This model denotes in a pyramidal fashion the six levels of evidence available in clinical decision making. It starts with the largest resource available at the base of the pyramid with individual original studies. It then moves upward through synopses of studies, syntheses, synopses of syntheses, summaries and ends with the most specific form of evidence at the apex, with the “systems” layer. This article is a primer on how to use the 6S model when searching for and assessing the highest quality of evidence. The text and Table provide a summary view of clinical questions associated with each stage of the hierarchy, the strengths and weaknesses …
Sales Agents and Clients: Ethics, Incentives, and a Modified Theory of Planned Behavior

Commission is popularly believed to engender unethical intentions, although little research has directly examined this relationship. This paper directly examines the influence commission, along with experience, income, professional accreditation, and a modified theory of planned behavior, has on agents' ethical intentions toward clients. The study sample was systematically drawn from a national group of financial service industry professionals. Only a modified theory of planned behavior significantly predicted agents' ethical intentions. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Source coding with feedforward: Gaussian sources

This paper describes the source coding of the information signals with feedforward Gaussian sources. A stationary memoryless Gaussian source with zero-mean and variance, and with mean squared error as the distortion measure, gives a deterministic scheme that achieves the optimal rate-distortion bound using simple uniform scalar quantizers. To reconstruct source codes, the decoder uses the optimal Shannon rate-distortion function and achieves channel coding with feedback.
Continental Lower Crust

The composition of much of Earth’s lower continental crust is enigmatic. Wavespeeds require that 10–20% of the lower third is mafic, but the available heat-flow and wavespeed constraints can be satisfied if lower continental crust elsewhere contains anywhere from 49 to 62 wt% SiO2. Thus, contrary to common belief, the lower crust in many regions could be relatively felsic, with SiO2 contents similar to andesites and dacites. Most lower crust is less dense than the underlying mantle, but mafic lowermost crust could be unstable and likely delaminates beneath rifts and arcs. During sediment subduction, subduction erosion, arc subduction, and continent subduction, mafic rocks become eclogites and may continue to descend into the mantle, whereas more silica-rich rocks are transformed into felsic gneisses that are less dense than peridotite but more dense than continental upper crust. These more felsic rocks may rise buoyantly, undergo decompression melting and melt extraction, and be relaminated to the base of the crust. As a result of this refining and differentiation process, such relatively felsic rocks could form much of Earth’s lower crust.
Photonic Beamsteering of a Millimeter-Wave Array With 10-Gb/s Data Transmission

We present experimental results of 10-Gb/s W-band wireless transmission using a four element linear array. The 10-Gb/s transmission is shown when photonically steered to 0° and ± 35° from antenna boresight. In this letter, photonic techniques are used for signal generation, distribution, and time delay. Photonic true-time delay is shown to allow for steering of broadband millimeter-wave signals with no noticeable beam squint across frequency. High power, high frequency photodiodes are used for optical-to-electrical conversion to directly radiate from the array without power amplifiers.
High efficiency recombineering in lactic acid bacteria

The ability to efficiently generate targeted point mutations in the chromosome without the need for antibiotics, or other means of selection, is a powerful strategy for genome engineering. Although oligonucleotide-mediated recombineering (ssDNA recombineering) has been utilized in Escherichia coli for over a decade, the successful adaptation of ssDNA recombineering to gram-positive bacteria has not been reported. Here we describe the development and application of ssDNA recombineering in lactic acid bacteria. Mutations were incorporated in the chromosome of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactococcus lactis without selection at frequencies ranging between 0.4% and 19%. Whole genome sequence analysis showed that ssDNA recombineering is specific and not hypermutagenic. To highlight the utility of ssDNA recombineering we reduced the intrinsic vancomymycin resistance of L. reuteri >100-fold. By creating a single amino acid change in the D-Ala-D-Ala ligase enzyme we reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration for vancomycin from >256 to 1.5 µg/ml, well below the clinically relevant minimum inhibitory concentration. Recombineering thus allows high efficiency mutagenesis in lactobacilli and lactococci, and may be used to further enhance beneficial properties and safety of strains used in medicine and industry. We expect that this work will serve as a blueprint for the adaptation of ssDNA recombineering to other gram-positive bacteria.
The Spanin Complex Is Essential for Lambda Lysis

Phage lysis is a ubiquitous biological process, the most frequent cytocidal event in the biosphere. Lysis of Gram-negative hosts has been shown to require holins and endolysins, which attack the cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan, respectively. Recently, a third class of lysis proteins, the spanins, was identified. The first spanins to be characterized were λ Rz and Rz1, an integral cytoplasmic membrane protein and an outer membrane lipoprotein, respectively. Previous work has shown that Rz and Rz1 form complexes that span the entire periplasm. Phase-contrast video microscopy was used to record the morphological changes involved in the lysis of induced λ lysogens carrying prophages with either the λ canonical holin-endolysin system or the phage 21 pinholin-signal anchor release (SAR) endolysin system. In the former, rod morphology persisted until the instant of an explosive polar rupture, immediately emptying the cell of its contents. In contrast, in pinholin-SAR endolysin lysis, the cell began to shorten and thicken uniformly, with the resultant rounded cell finally bursting. In both cases, lysis failed to occur in inductions of isogenic prophages carrying null mutations in the spanin genes. In both systems, instead of an envelope rupture, the induced cells were converted from a rod shape to a spherical form. A functional GFPΦRz chimera was shown to exhibit a punctate distribution when coexpressed with Rz1, despite the absence of endolysin function. A model is proposed in which the spanins carry out the essential step of disrupting the outer membrane, in a manner regulated by the state of the peptidoglycan layer.
3,3′,4,4′‐Tetrabromobiphenyl sensitizes rats to the hepatotoxic effects of endotoxin by a mechanism that involves more than tumor necrosis factor

To determine whether the cytokine tumor necrosis factor/cachectin might be a mediator of hepatotoxicity seen after exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, rats treated with a single dose of 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl (150 μmol/kg intraperitoneally) or corn oil vehicle were studied. The 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl caused the expected anorexia, alterations in organ weights and changes in cytochromes P-450 over 21 days. Although tumor necrosis factor could not be detected in the serum of rats at any time after 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl treatment alone (from 90 min to 21 days), 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl treatment significantly increased peak serum tumor necrosis factor concentrations after intravenous bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, 1 mg/kg). This effect was seen with lipopolysaccharide given 24 hr, 48 hr, and 20 days after 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl treatment and increases in peak serum tumor necrosis factor levels ranged from threefold to eightfold over controls in various experiments with no significant differences between the three time points. However, a synergistic increase in hepatic damage (assessed by serum enzymes and liver histological findings 24 hr after lipopolysaccharide injection) was seen in rats given lipopolysaccharide 24 hr and 48 hr after 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl administration, with 75% and 25% lethality, respectively. There was no lethality with lipopolysaccharide given 20 days after 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl administration or with simultaneous administration. A lower dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.1 mg/kg) given 24 hr after 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl also enhanced hepatotoxicity and serum tumor necrosis factor but without lethality. Lipopolysaccharide decreased cytochromes P-450 concentrations and activities to similar extents at all time points tested in both control and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl-treated rats. In conclusion, 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl treatment increases the amount of tumor necrosis factor released into the serum after lipopolysaccharide exposure and sensitizes animals to lipopolysaccharide hepatotoxicity and lethality 1 to 2 days after 3,3′,4,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl administration. However, the enhancement of endotoxicity does not correlate with increased serum tumor necrosis factor or altered activities of cytochromes P-450. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:1201–1208.)
The use of bi-planar tissue expanders to augment abdominal domain in a pediatric intestinal transplant recipient

Intestinal transplantation is a well-accepted treatment for SBS. However, patients with SBS often have decreased abdominal capacity, which makes size-matching of donor organs more difficult, thus decreasing organ availability. Reported approaches for addressing this problem include surgically reducing the graft size, leaving an open abdomen for a prolonged period, and cotransplanting rectus fascia as a non-vascularized allograft. Each approach has significant disadvantages. There has been one previous report of tissue expanders used intra-abdominally and two reports of subcutaneous use to increase intra-abdominal capacity prior to transplantation. We report the first use of bi-planar expander placement for this purpose. In our case, a two-yr-old male child with SBS due to malrotation was treated with tissue expanders 10 months prior to intestinal transplantation, thus allowing transplantation of a larger graft with the ability to close the abdomen safely. There were no complications, and the patient is now doing well and tolerating diet off PN. The use of tissue expanders prior to intestinal transplantation is a promising approach for such patients and avoids the morbidity associated with other approaches. This approach requires a multidisciplinary effort by gastroenterology, transplant surgery, and plastic surgery teams.
A fast response, stable CTD for gliders and AUVs

A new CTD has been designed for gliders and other AUVs. It uses a four-electrode conductivity cell with internal temperature sensor to achieve excellent dynamic response and high spatial resolution. The design is rugged, has low drag and is resistant to fouling. No pump is required and the electronics are self-calibrating and free of thermal drifts. Results of a comparison with an un-pumped Seabird SBE-41cp CTD on a glider show superior performance in all temperature gradient situations.
Confidence intervals and statistical testing for ratio measures of percent change

In public health and medical research, ratio measures of percent change relative to baseline are often used to express a change in disease incidence. Estimating variance becomes more complex when the comparison is to an expectation based on previous data (E), rather than to an observed value (O). In 2009, the decline in reported tuberculosis (TB) cases was the largest single-year decrease since national TB surveillance began in 1953. To investigate the 2009 TB decline compared with expected counts, we analyzed TB cases reported to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System. We log-transformed case counts for 2000–2008, and performed linear regression stratified by patient and clinical characteristics. We calculated relative declines from expectation as (O − E) ∕ E for patient subgroups, and constructed 95% confidence intervals for TB declines. We then formulated a Z-score test statistic comparing declines across patient subgroups under the null hypothesis that the difference of the two ratio measures was zero. We illustrate our methods by comparing 2009 declines from expectation for US-born versus foreign-born patients. Predicted values and confidence intervals assessed the magnitude of unexpected TB declines within patient groups, while statistical tests comparing ratio measures evaluated relative TB declines across groups. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Development of cell fixture for in-situ imaging and manipulation of membrane protein structure

The development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) opens an entirely new way to investigate the dynamic changes of cellular structures, such as cell junctions and protein molecules. Since these structures are in nanometer scale, it cannot be observed and studied by conventional optical microscopy. Besides, AFM can also be used for precise manipulation of these nano-sized molecules such that the interaction and structure-function can be studied at the single molecular level. Because of cell surface inhomogeneities and movements in living conditions, it presents a major challenge to perform the in-situ imaging and manipulation of these nanoscale biostructures. Here, we present the design and development of a biocompatible porous polymer micro-mesh for immobilizing live cells and protein molecules. Based on the novel AFM nanomanipulation and imaging system with the use of the cell fixture, the cell junctions and individual protein molecules in physiological conditions with unparalleled resolution can be easily observed and studied.
Definitive diagnosis and management of axillary hyperhidrosis: the VapoMeter and suction-assisted arthroscopic shaving.

Background: Axillary hyperhidrosis is a benign, yet significant, disability that not only impairs social interaction but also affects occupational activities. Objectives: The author provides a detailed description of axillary shaving, a procedure with proven results. He also describes the use of the VapoMeter (Delfin Technologies, Stamford, Connecticut), which accurately and easily measures sweating in g/m2/h. Methods: Although a total of 45 patients have received this surgery since 2005, this report includes only the last eight patients (16 axilla) for whom both pre- and postoperative VapoMeter readings are available. Results: The average preoperative VapoMeter reading was 473 g/m2/h (range, 98-998), which improved to an average of 58 g/m2/h postoperatively (range, 21-227). As a comparison, controls for all axilla had an average measurement of 23.7 g/m2/h (range, 18-31). Conclusions: When combined with the effective surgical technique of axillary shaving, the VapoMeter provides an objective measure to both definitively diagnose and confirm results of the shaving. With this protocol, patients who require surgical intervention for their hyperhidrosis can be reassured that the procedure is indeed effective in improving their condition.
Microbiological impact of spray washing broiler carcasses using different chlorine concentrations and water temperatures

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the microbiological impact of spray washing broiler carcasses with chlorinated water (0 or 50 ppm) at different temperatures (21.1, 43.3, or 54.4 degrees C). A whole carcass rinse (WCR) was performed on each carcass before (control) and after spray washing (final). After the control WCR, carcasses were inoculated with 0.1 g of cecal material containing 2 x 10(5) cells per gram of Campylobacter and 2 x 10(5) cells per gram of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella. Carcasses were held at room temperature for 12 min before washing in an inside-outside bird washer (80 psi for 5 s). Chlorine level and water temperature had no effect on total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, or Campylobacter numbers recovered from the final WCR. Levels of bacteria found on carcasses before and after washing were 4.6, 3.6, and 3.5 log10 cfu/mL rinse for total aerobic bacteria, E. coli, and Campylobacter, respectively. Average counts for nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella after washing were 3.1 log10 cfu/ mL rinse irrespective of water temperature or chlorine level (P
Wound healing monitoring using near infrared fluorescent fibrinogen

We demonstrate a method for imaging the wound healing process with near infrared fluorescent fibrinogen. Wound healing studies were performed on a rat punch biopsy model. Fibrinogen was conjugated with a near infrared fluorescent dye and injected into the tail vein. Fibrinogen is a useful protein for tracking wound healing because it is involved in fibrin clot formation and formation of new provisional matrix through transglutaminase’s crosslinking activity. Strong fluorescence specific to the wound was observed and persisted for several days, indicating that the fibrinogen is converted to crosslinked fibrin. Administration of contrast agent simultaneously with wound creation led to primary labeling of the fibrin clot, indicating that the wound was in its early phase of healing. Administration on the following day showed labeling on the wound periphery, indicating location of formation of a new provisional matrix. This method may prove to be useful as a diagnostic for basic studies of the wound healing process, in drug development, or in clinical assessment of chronic wounds.
Reply to Landstrom's Comment

\M /R. KARL LANDSTROM'S note purports to restate several concepts that were integral to my analysis of the grazing fee policies of the U. S. Bureau of Land Management. He also recounts recent changes in the Bureau's position regarding these issues. Although I do not recognize any conceptual restatements of my argument, his elaboration and correction of inadequately defined processes is indeed helpful. So, too, are his comments about current studies being undertaken by the BLM, although additional detail about these would have been useful. Exception is taken to my use of the term "trespass" to describe private grazing on the public range prior to 1934, although it is conceded that such practices were undertaken without documentary permit, without any explicit arrangement with a government agency, and without charge. (In the language of the court, the government had suffered the lands to be grazed.) Nevertheless, from the evidence Mr. Landstrom cites, "trespass" seems a technical misnomer. I fail to see any harmful effect on my principal argument in which I assert that the absence of a fee implicitly eliminates marginal reasoning in the allocation of public range. Additional comment includes the assertion that a zero price does not necessarily imply zero cost of use. I entirely agree. It is precisely these "costs of use" which I cite as evidence of range investments being made by private grazers as well as the federal agencies. One of the principal purposes of my article is to question the necessity and desirability of this mixed, public-private set of investment agents in both water development and range management programs. I concur with Mr. Landstrom's suggestion that ranchers who paid prices for base property that included a capitalization of private benefits of associated grazing permits feel they have paid a real "price" for the use of public range. The point here, however, is to evaluate the consequences of such capitalization for the industry, and ultimately for the economy of the entire country. My reservations about this capitalization process centers on its implications for farm income fluctuation and industry supply response as well as its probable tendency toward regressive land assessment practices. Mr. Landstrom also criticizes my article's implication that all federal range improvement investments are derived from an earmarked portion of grazing fee receipts. His comments are helpful, but again I do not feel they are damaging to my argument. To the extent that "Soil and Moisture" and "Weed Control" investments are unaffected by pricing policy, NOTES 1095
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Malonaldehyde in Water Is Dominated by Solvent-Stabilized Conformations

Free energy calculations for eight enol isomers of malonaldehyde (MA) and simulation of the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum in both the gas phase and water (pH = 3, where the molecule exists in neutral undeprotonated form) show that in water the two s-trans nonchelated enol conformers of MA become thermodynamically more stable than the internally hydrogen-bonded ("chelated enol") conformer (CE). The pure CE conformer in water has a slightly red-shifted UV spectrum with respect to that in the gas phase, but the blue-shifted spectrum observed in water at pH 3 is dominated by solvent-stabilized conformations that have negligible populations in the gas phase. Density functional calculations with the solvation model based on density (SMD) and an ensemble-averaged vertical excitation model explain the experimental observations in detail.
Effect of Optimal Placement of Coolant Channel on PEM Fuel Cell Performance

An innovative approach to removing heat from a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell by using a single coolant channel located optimally in the membrane has been investigated. The effects of placing a single coolant channel in the center of a PEM fuel cell have been observed by using commercially available CFD software that accounts for all of the highly coupled physics occurring behind the operation of a PEM fuel cell. The simulation results show that 129 W of heat is removed using the coolant channel. Although the optimally placed coolant channel changes the geometric configuration of the PEM fuel cell, the overall performance of the PEM fuel cell was not affected when compared with polarization curves published in earlier work by other researchers.
Flow-mediated dilation attenuates constriction of large coronary arteries to serotonin.

We tested the hypothesis that flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation can attenuate humorally mediated constriction of large coronary arteries in vivo. Accordingly, we measured constriction of...
Code Coupling via Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov Algorithms with Application to Magnetized Fluid Plasma and Kinetic Neutral Models

Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) algorithms are a potentially powerful class of methods for solving the problem of coupling codes that address dfferent physics models. As communication capability between individual submodules varies, different choices of coupling algorithms are required. The more communication that is available, the more possible it becomes to exploit the simple sparsity pattern of the Jacobian, albeit of a large system. The less communication that is available, the more dense the Jacobian matrices become and new types of preconditioners must be sought to efficiently take large time steps. In general, methods that use constrained or reduced subsystems can offer a compromise in complexity. The specific problem of coupling a fluid plasma code to a kinetic neutrals code is discussed as an example.
Multicenter analysis of CIREN occupant lumbar bone mineral density and correlation with age and fracture incidence.

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to quantify lumbar volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) for 873 seriously injured Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) motor vehicle crash occupants (372 male, 501 female) from 8 centers using phantomless computed tomography scans and to associate vBMD with age, fracture incidence, and osteopenia/osteoporosis diagnoses. The novelty of this work is that it associates vBMD with region of injury by applying an established method for vBMD measurement using phantomless computed tomography (CT).Methods: A validated phantomless CT calibration method that uses patient-specific fat and muscle measurements to calibrate vBMD measured from the L1–L5 trabeculae was applied on 873 occupants from various CIREN centers. CT-measured lumbar vBMD < 145 mg/cc is indicative of osteopenia using a published threshold. CIREN occupant lumbar vBMD in milligrams per cubic centimeter was regressed against age, osteopenia/osteoporosis comorbidities, height, weight, body mass inde...
Review: Drawing Ambience: Alvin Boyarsky and the Architectural Association

Drawing Ambience: Alvin Boyarsky and the Architectural Association Kemper Art Museum, Washington University in St. Louis 12 September 2014–4 January 2015 Rhode Island School of Design, Providence 24 April–2 August 2015 Rarely do we see an exhibition dedicated to the role of pedagogues, professors, or critics—all vital protagonists of architectural culture. Often subsumed in general discussions of pedagogy, or hidden away in the biographical data of architects’ backgrounds, pedagogues offer valuable insight into changing institutional cultures and the teaching environments where designers find their creative voices. At the core of the curatorial decision to focus on a teacher lies the possibility of critical engagement with the formative past of a wider architectural culture. Curated by Igor Marjanovic and Jan Howard, Drawing Ambience: Alvin Boyarsky and the Architectural Association was organized around the drawings and publications that Boyarsky collected and edited during his years in the Architectural Association. Across the four main rooms of the exhibition, the curators constructed a sophisticated dialogue between the drawings collected by Boyarsky and the publications the AA produced during his tenure, the former mounted on and the latter encased in openings in the walls, at times creating windows onto other exhibition spaces. Within the encasements, the curators deployed the compound palimpsests of some of the books, revealing the layered logic driving AA’s publications and marking much of the deconstructivist movement in architecture. Boyarsky was a central figure in post–World War II architectural culture, but one whose prominence has since faded. During his tenure …
Glutamine Synthetase: Role in Neurological Disorders

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an ATP-dependent enzyme found in most species that synthesizes glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. In brain, GS is exclusively located in astrocytes where it serves to maintain the glutamate–glutamine cycle, as well as nitrogen metabolism. Changes in the activity of GS, as well as its gene expression, along with excitotoxicity, have been identified in a number of neurological conditions. The literature describing alterations in the activation and gene expression of GS, as well as its involvement in different neurological disorders, however, is incomplete. This review summarizes changes in GS gene expression/activity and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders, including hepatic encephalopathy, ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, and astroglial neoplasms. This review also explores the possibility of targeting GS in the therapy of these conditions.
Organization and Development of Interhemispheric Connections of the Prefrontal Cortex in Rhesus Monkey

The corpus callosum is the principal pathway for the communication of sensory and cognitive information between cortical areas of the two cerebral hemispheres (Sperry 1982; Gazzaniga 1985; Sperry 1974) and has been the subject of considerable clinical interest due to its role as the primary substrate for the interhemispheric spread of discharges in generalized epileptic seizures (Reeves and O’Leary 1985; Wilson et al. 1975). Studies of callosal connections within sensory and motor regions of the cerebral cortex over the past 30 years have provided important insight into the functional, organizational and developmental features of these pathways. In contrast, the study of callosal connections for association regions of the cerebral mantle has not kept pace. In this chapter, I will present data from ongoing studies of corticocortical connectivity in which we have focused on the organization and development of interhemispheric connections between areas of the monkey prefrontal association cortex. I will first describe general features of the topographic, laminar, and columnar organization of these connections in the mature monkey and will conclude with results of our studies examining the prenatal development and maturation of these connections.
Pulmonary Embolism: The Astute Interventional Radiology Clinician.

There has been a resurgence of interest in defining the optimal treatment for severe pulmonary embolism (PE), fueled by pivotal and provocative trials, new catheter-based medical devices, and growing evidence of deleterious short- and long-term outcomes. In this environment, and especially given the multidisciplinary nature of PE care, the interventional radiologist (IR) needs to become an astute, disease-specific expert. This review article describes the following “steps” an IR can take to reach this level: (1) understand PE stratification and epidemiology; (2) recognize the treatment goals for massive PE; (3) recognize the wide range of attitudes toward therapeutic escalation for submassive PE; (4) recognize what we do not know about the treatment of submassive PE and the limitations of current studies; (5) know the literature surrounding inferior vena cava filter insertion for severe PE; (6) integrate into the longitudinal care of the patient; and (7) be at the leading edge of new trials and technologies.
Dancing southern diaspora: Alvin Ailey’s blood and the backwardness of quare disidentification*

ABSTRACTThis article ruminates on the 1989 funeral of choreographer Alvin Ailey during which selections from his famed ballet Revelations were performed beside his corpse. When read in context, I argue the dances necessitate a reconsideration of disidentificatory performances as not always necessarily strategic or predetermined but also as unconscious manifestations of past times and cultural traditions that queerly resist the regiments of normative temporalities and sexual epistemologies. I introduce quare disidentification as a spliced hermeneutic for addressing vernacular performances by minoritarian subjects that do not so obviously disidentify with or disrupt the insidious problematics of public culture.
Cryogenic Hydrogen Isotope Distillation for the Fusion Fuel Cycle

Cryogenic distillation is an attractive method for the hydrogen isotopic separations required in fusion fuel cycles. The theoretical and practical aspects of designing and constructing such systems...
Neural Dynamics of Alcohol Effects on Cognitive Control: Eriksen Flanker Task

Alcohol intoxication interferes with the capacity to inhibit maladaptive reactions and execute correct responses. In order to investigate alcohol’s effects on cognitive control, a group of healthy subjects (N = 20, 9 women) participated in both alcohol (0.6 g/kg ethanol) and placebo conditions in a color version of the Eriksen flanker task. MEG signal was recorded from the whole head and the noise-normalized minimum norm inverse estimates were anatomically constrained to each person’s cortical surface reconstructed from MRI. Alcohol increased error rates in the response-conflict condition. Under placebo, the anterior cingulate (AC) was sensitive to the level of conflict, supporting an optimized response strategy. Alcohol blunted this conflict-induced differentiation in AC activity. This suggests that alcohol impairs cognitive control by affecting top-down regulation of response preparation and execution. Alcohol-induced impairment of executive functions may result in poor self-control, expressed as socially-inappropriate behavior and an inability to refrain from drinking.
Acuity and contrast sensitivity in monkeys after neonatal intraocular lens implantation with and without part-time occlusion of the fellow eye.

Purpose. The authors used a monkey model to evaluate intraocular lenses (IOLs) for the treatment of infantile cataract in humans. Specifically, they sought to assess the effectiveness of IOLs, with and without occlusion therapy, in preventing amblyopia. Methods. A diffuser contact lens was placed on one eye each of 11 neonatal monkeys to simulate an infantile cataract. A unilateral lensectomy, combined with the implantation of an IOL, was performed on the same eye 1 to 2 weeks after birth. Clear contact lenses were used to adjust the optical correction of the pseudophakic eyes to a near point, and opaque lenses were used to maintain daily parttime (70%) occlusion of the fellow eyes of half the subjects. Behavioral methods were used to assess grating acuity, optotype acuity (Landolt C), and contrast sensitivity. Results. In five of the animals, complications that developed in the eye with the implant were severe enough to interfere with visual function. The authors present only behavioral outcomes obtained before or in the absence of surgical complications. In monkeys that underwent daily 70% occlusion, grating acuity in the pseudophakic eyes eventually matured to normal adult levels. Grating acuity was significantly poorer in animals with no occlusion therapy. Even in animals with normal grating acuity, assessments of optotype acuity revealed amblyopic deficits ; contrast sensitivity was impaired as well at middle and low spatial frequencies. Conclusions. The current study demonstrates that if there are no complications secondary to surgery, normal grating acuity can be obtained in neonatal monkey eyes that undergo IOL implantation, optical correction of the pseudophakic eye to a near point, and 70% occlusion of the fellow eye. However, these good outcomes for grating acuity cannot be attained without occlusion therapy. In addition, optotype acuity and sensitivity to contrast always are impaired.
Cascade non-maximally decimated filter banks form efficient variable bandwidth filters for wideband digital transceivers

This paper describes a number of techniques that use perfect reconstruction (PR) non-maximally decimated filter banks (NMDFBs) to implement variable bandwidth filters. These processes entail three tightly coupled tasks. The first task uses an M-path analysis filter bank to partition the full bandwidth input time series into a set of M reduced bandwidth, reduced sample rate, intermediate time series. The second task selects the subset of the M channel time series whose contiguous spectra spans the design bandwidth of the digital filter. The third task uses the M-path PR synthesis bank to assemble the desired output time series from the subset of selected channel time series. The first benefit of this process is that the computational workload of the cascade analysis-synthesis filter bank filter implementation is typically an order of magnitude below that of the tapped delay line, direct implementation, of the same filter. A second benefit is that a high data rate input time series is partitioned into a set of multiple, reduced sample rate, intermediate time series processed by reduced speed parallel arithmetic processors. This process enables simple, reduced cost, processing of input signals with GHz sample rates.
Abstract 16695: Intraoperative Circulating-Brain Biomarker is Associated With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 1 Year in Neonates Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Background: Neurodevelopmental disability is the most significant complication for survivors of surgery for congenital heart disease. The ability to detect brain injury in real time remains elusive. This study sought to determine if perioperative circulating-brain injury biomarker levels are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months of age. Methods: A secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was performed. The brain injury biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was measured in blood at 4 time points: 1) prior to skin incision, 2) immediately after CPB, 3) 4 and 4) 24 hours post-operatively. Univariate and multivariable analysis was used to determine an association with peak levels of GFAP and Bayley Scale of Infant Development III (BSID) composite scores. Results: There were 97 subjects who had cardiac surgery at a mean age of 9 ± 6 days and completed a BSID at 12.5 ± 0.6 months of age. BSID mean scores were cognitive 105 ± 15, language 101 ± 13, and motor 92 ±17. GFAP levels are shown in Fig 1A. In univariate analysis peak GFAP was inversely associated with cognitive (p=0.02), language (p=0.03) and motor (p Conclusions: Higher GFAP levels were independently associated with decreased BSID motor composite scores at 12 months. GFAP may serve as a diagnostic means to acutely identify perioperative brain-specific injury and serve as a benchmark of therapeutic efficacy for investigational treatments, discriminate center specific effects and early prognostic information for intervention.
Secondary organic aerosol and ozone formation from photo-oxidation of unburned diesel fuel in a surrogate atmospheric environment

Abstract Diesel fuel is a complex mixture of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs). Previous studies focused on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone formation from photo-oxidation of organic vapor from diesel exhaust and their components such as aromatics and heavy alkanes. However, there are few studies on atmospheric behavior of unburnt diesel. Therefore, in this study, ten unburnt #2 commercial diesel samples and one FACE9A research diesel fuel were photo-oxidized in the University of California Riverside, College of Engineering-Center for Environmental Research & Technology dual environmental chambers to investigate their SOA and ozone production potential. Photochemical aging rapidly produced significant SOA (yield ∼20.3–37.7%) in the presence of a surrogate reactive organic gas (ROG) mixture used to mimic urban atmospheric reactivity. SOA yields were consistent with n-Heptadecane yields under similar conditions. Doubling NOx concentrations within relevant urban concentration levels enhanced SOA formation by 33% and ozone formation by 48%. SOA formation in this study was approximately fourteen times higher than previously reported for very high NOx conditions. An SOA experiment designed to mimic the previous work achieved similar yields to the earlier work. SOA formed under urban relevant NOx concentrations were consistent with semi-volatile-oxygenated organic aerosol (SV-OOA) and underwent little further chemical processing once produced.
A continuous tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase assay that regenerates the tRNA substrate

Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the attachment of tyrosine to the 3' end of tRNA(Tyr), releasing AMP, pyrophosphate, and l-tyrosyl-tRNA as products. Because this enzyme plays a central role in protein synthesis, it has garnered attention as a potential target for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Although high-throughput assays that monitor tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase activity have been described, these assays generally use stoichiometric amounts of tRNA, limiting their sensitivity and increasing their cost. Here, we describe an alternate approach in which the Tyr-tRNA product is cleaved, regenerating the free tRNA substrate. We show that cyclodityrosine synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be used to cleave the l-Tyr-tRNA product, regenerating the tRNA(Tyr) substrate. Because tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase can use both l- and d-tyrosine as substrates, we replaced the cyclodityrosine synthase in the assay with d-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase, which cleaves d-Tyr-tRNA. This substitution allowed us to use the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase assay to monitor the aminoacylation of tRNA(Tyr) by d-tyrosine. Furthermore, by making Tyr-tRNA cleavage the rate-limiting step, we are able to use the assay to monitor the activities of cyclodityrosine synthetase and d-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase. Specific methods to extend the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase assay to monitor both the aminoacylation and post-transfer editing activities in other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are discussed.
“The Game Ain’t What It Used to Be”: Drug Sellers’ Perceptions of the Modern Day Underground and Legal Markets:

This study draws on interviews with 20 drug sellers in Philadelphia to explore their subjective perceptions of risk and reward within the modern context of increased police scrutiny and few illegal...
When Consistent and Varied Actions Are Not Driven by a Need for Consistency or Variety

According to Kruglanski et al. (this issue), people do not strive toward cognitive consistency. As they write, “Humans do not have a general need for cognitive consistency whose frustration occasio...
LONG-TERM ALL-CAUSE AND CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY IN ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM ≥ 1,000

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is commonly used to quantify cardiovascular risk. Current guidelines classify CAC>300 or 400 as the highest risk group, yet little is known about the potentially unique imaging characteristics and mortality risk in individuals with CAC≥1000. We included 66,636
The Role of M3 Muscarinic Receptor Ligand-Induced Kinase Signaling in Colon Cancer Progression

Despite a reduction in incidence over the past decade, colon cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States; recent demographics suggest this disease is now afflicting younger persons. M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R) mRNA and protein are over-expressed in colon cancer, and M3R can be activated by both traditional (e.g., acetylcholine) and non-traditional (e.g., bile acids) muscarinic ligands. In this review, we weigh the data supporting a prominent role for key protein kinases downstream of M3R activation in promoting colon cancer progression and dissemination. Specifically, we explore the roles that downstream activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase (MAPK/ERK), protein kinase C, p38 MAPK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathways play in mediating colon cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and invasion. We assess the impact of M3R-stimulated induction of selected matrix metalloproteinases germane to these hallmarks of colon cancer progression. In this context, we also critically review the reproducibility of findings derived from a variety of in vivo and in vitro colon cancer models, and their fidelity to human disease. Finally, we summarize the therapeutic potential of targeting various steps from ligand-M3R interaction to the activation of key downstream molecules.