cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pro-apoptotic effect of curcumin on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNS): Decreased nuclear NF-KB activity

Phytochemical curcumin (Cur), a promising dietary supplement for cancer prevention and liver protection, has been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis (Ao). However, the effect of Cur on PMN Ao and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods. PMNs (106 cells/ml) freshly isolated from normal volunteers were incubated in vitro in the presence or absence of Cur (10–50 μM). Ao was examined by morphology and TUNEL analyses. The effect of Cur on LPS (100 ng/ml)-induced Ao inhibition was also studied. Myeloidperoxidase (MPO) activity was analyzed to determine the effect of Cur on PMN degranulation. To elucidate the potential mechanism, nuclear NF-kB activity was examined by EMSA. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results. The data demonstrated that Cur increased PMN Ao from 7.17 ± 0.29 at 0 μM to 28.0 ± 2.0% at 40 μM after 6 h incubation (P < 0.05). LPS-induced Ao suppression was also reversed by Cur (Fig. 1). Download full-size image PMN degranulation was inhibited by Cur as measured by a significant decrease in MPO activities (Table). The inhibition of nuclear NF-kB activity (58% at 1 h and 54% at 2 h) induced by LPS appears to contribute to the pro-apoptotic effect of Cur (Fig. 2). Conclusions. Since the delayed PMN Ao exacerbates acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure, the characteristics of curcumin, including pro-apoptotic effects and anti-degranulation potential, make it a potential candidate for prevention and treatment of lung inflammation and injury. TABLE—ABSTRACT 13. Group MPO activity (absorbance ± SD) Medium 0.012 ± 0.002 LPS 0.101 ± 0.021∗ LPS + Cur (10 μ M) 0.103 ± 0.006∗ LPS + Cur (30 μ M) 0.018 ± 0.003# LPS + Cur (50 μ M) 0.014 ± 0.002# (6 h incubation, n = 6, ∗ P < 0.05 versus medium. # P < 0.05 versus LPS alone)
Trainee disclosure in psychotherapy supervision: the impact of shame.

Research indicates that psychotherapy trainees often withhold information from supervisors even though they are expected to be self-disclosing in the supervisory process. A contributing factor to this nondisclosure is trainee shame. By its very nature, psychotherapy supervision is an endeavor in which trainees are likely to experience feelings of self-doubt and shame. Because shame is an affect that often provokes a desire to hide oneself, it follows that supervisees experiencing more shame will be less likely to be forthcoming, especially about material that might be viewed negatively by their supervisors. The material most often withheld by trainees pertains to problems within the supervisory relationship. It appears that trainee shame and nondisclosure have the greatest impact upon the quality of the psychotherapy supervision itself, as opposed to the treatment being supervised. Four examples of supervisory dyads affected by trainee shame and nondisclosure are presented. Each case is examined in terms of what could have triggered the supervisee's shame, the consequences of the disrupted communications, and ways in which the situation might have been improved.
Closed-vessel microwave acid digestion of commercial maple syrup for the determination of lead and seven other trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

Abstract A method was developed and applied for the determination of lead and other trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, V and Zn) in 8 commercial maple syrups. Samples were digested using closed-vessel microwave heating. Two different types of microwave vessels, low-pressure and moderately high-pressure vessels, were evaluated. Average temperatures and maximum pressures attained during the maple syrup sample digestion were 140°C and 190 psi (1310 kPa) for low-pressure vessels and 200°C and 500 psi (3450 kPa) for moderately high-pressure vessels. All digested samples were clear and colorless and their residual carbon content was less than 1%, indicating successful decomposition of the organic matrix. The residual acid concentrations in the final analytical solutions were 2.2±0.3% and 2.5±0.2% (w/w) for low and moderately high-pressure vessels, respectively; this is suitable for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometery (ICP-MS) analysis. The digested syrup samples were analyzed using ICP-MS. Spike recovery for lead, after digestion in the low-pressure and moderately high-pressure digestion vessels, were 100±2% ( n =5, 95% CI) and 98±1% ( n =5, 95% CI), respectively. Satisfactory recoveries were also obtained for seven selected elements. Lead-spiked maple syrup check standards were digested, and lead concentrations were in the range of certified values. Lead levels ranged from 18 to 367 ng/g. Concentrations of seven other trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, V and Zn) in maple syrup were also determined.
Gauge invariance of radiative transitions of atoms (I). perturbation theory

Abstract The gauge invariance (GI) of the S-matrix element describing the radiative emission or absorption of a single photon by a many-electron atom is explicitly demonstrated in an arbitrary gauge, first when the non-radiative part of the problem is assumed to have been solved exactly, and subsequently when its solutions are available only in perturbation theory in the electron-electron interaction. The perturbation theory proof of GI leads to a calculational prescription which allows one to specify the set of matrix elements which must be calculated to obtain a GI expression order by order. The transition amplitude which one might have naively assumed to be sufficient for such a calculation is only one element of this set.
Learning-assisted automated planning: looking back, taking stock, going forward

This article reports on an extensive survey and analysis of research work related to machine learning as it applies to automated planning over the past 30 years. Major research contributions are broadly characterized by learning method and then descriptive subcategories. Survey results reveal learning techniques that have extensively been applied and a number that have received scant attention. We extend the survey analysis to suggest promising avenues for future research in learning based on both previous experience and current needs in the planning community.
Zero-Stress States of Arteries

The no-load configuration of a living organ is, in general, not the zero-stress state. The difference can be revealed by cutting up an unloaded organ to such an extent that the stress becomes zero in the tissue everywhere. For the aorta, it is shown that the configuration of the zero-stress state differs considerably from being a cylindrical tube. It is, in fact, an open sector with opening angles varying along the arterial tree. This article presents data on the zero-stress state in the arteries of the rat in normal condition.
DIVERSITY, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

In recent years, the field of regional economic analysis has focused on the social and cultural environment of a place to explain variations in innovation activity, entrepreneurial dynamics, and economic growth. Prominent among these studies is Richard Florida's creative class theory. He argues that urban economies grow because they are tolerant, diverse, and open to creativity, which in turn attracts certain groups of people, the so-called creative class. Lee, Florida, and Acs expand the theory into the realm of entrepreneurship. They argue that new firm formation is positively associated with a creative and diverse social environment. In other words, those regions that are alluring to creative talent, open to newcomers, and tolerant of those who are different, will also have more people taking the risk of founding a firm, leading to increased economic growth. The creative class theories, however, contrast with explanations that consider structural factors such as access to financial resources and markets, among others, as important markers of entrepreneurial success. In this article, we are interested in examining the ways in which a region's creative milieu and its opportunity structures may help or hinder different kinds of entrepreneurs, in particular nontraditional entrepreneurs. We examine the effect of regional opportunity structures and creative milieu on women, Black, and Hispanic business ownership for the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the United States in 2002. We find that opportunity structures, whether opportunity or barrier, better explain the dynamics for these entrepreneurs. They benefit from a regional environment that builds human capital and skill base, enables access to a variety of financial resources, and facilitates market access. Given the growth of women and minority businesses and their potential effect on regions, policymakers are well advised to tailor their policies to these groups. Entrepreneurship plays an important role in stimulating a region's economic development and growth. When we think of business owners and entrepreneurs, we typically imagine the high- technology entrepreneur in Silicon Valley, who started and bootstrapped his business in the base- ment or in the garage. The notion that the entrepreneur is a white male, who is operating a high-technology business in a region that is known for its entrepreneurial milieu, often domi- nates the public discourse on entrepreneurship and is corroborated by evidence about those most likely to enter entrepreneurship (Bates, 1993) as well as the regions that are known for being
Dual-polarization spectral decompositions: Application to radar parameter estimation and quality control

Spectral decompositions of dual polarization observation allows for extending of analysis of polarimetric radar data to the new dimension, namely Doppler frequency domain. In this paper it is shown how this new paradigm can be used for improving quality of radar data. On an example of the CSU- CHILL observations it is demonstrated that this analysis can be used to design a spectral filter that allows for both ground clutter mitigation and radar sensitivity improvement.
Impact of obesity on perioperative outcomes of minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Background Abnormal body mass index has been targeted as a predictor of complications after major surgery. The aim of this study was to review the impact of obesity on perioperative outcomes after minimally invasive esophagectomy. Methods This study was a single-institution retrospective review of patients undergoing minimally invasive esophagectomy for high-grade dysplasia or cancer of the esophagus between 1999 and 2004. A body mass index of 30 or greater was considered obese. Patients with a body mass index less than 18.5 were excluded because of the potentially adverse effects of malnutrition on outcomes. Results A total of 282 eligible patients were identified. There were 84 obese and 198 nonobese patients (mean body mass index=34.5 versus 25.5; p p = 0.002), lower prevalence of peripheral vascular disease ( p = 0.045), and lower prevalence of stage III disease in the obese group ( p = 0.044). Operative time was significantly longer in obese patients (375 versus 301 minutes; p = 0.0001), and estimated blood loss was similar (433 versus 377 mL, obese versus nonobese, respectively). There were 5 (1.8%) overall 30-day perioperative mortalities, with no differences between the groups. Overall major (obese, 23 [27.5%] versus nonobese, 68 [34.3%]) and minor (obese, 23 [27.5%] versus nonobese, 65 [32.8%]) complication rates were also similar. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in any individual complications. There was no difference in median intensive care unit stay (obese, 1 day versus nonobese, 2 days) or overall hospital stay (obese, 7 days versus nonobese, 8 days). Conclusions Obesity was associated with longer operative times. Our review suggests that obesity is not a risk factor for mortality, postoperative complications, or length of hospitalization after minimally invasive esophagectomy.
Output feedback control of switched nonlinear systems using multiple Lyapunov functions

This work proposes a hybrid nonlinear output feedback control methodology for a broad class of switched nonlinear systems with input constraints. The key feature of the proposed methodology is the integrated synthesis, via multiple Lyapunov functions, of "lower-level" nonlinear output feedback controllers together with "upper-level" switching laws, based on available state estimates, that orchestrate the transitions between the constituent modes and their respective controllers. The output feedback controllers are synthesized, using a combination of bounded state feedback controllers, high-gain observers and appropriate saturation filters, to enforce asymptotic stability for the individual closed-loop modes and provide an explicit characterization of the corresponding output feedback stability regions in terms of the input constraints and the observer gain. The switching logic tracks the evolution of the state estimates generated by the observers and orchestrates switching between the stability regions of the constituent modes in a way that guarantees asymptotic stability of the overall switched closed-loop system. The differences between the state and output feedback switching strategies are discussed and a chemical process example is used to demonstrate the proposed approach.
High power, tunable thulium fiber laser system for atmospheric propagation experiments

A system for multi-kilometer atmospheric propagation experiments including a master oscillator with ∼108 nm tunability and a power amplifier tested as an oscillator with ∼58% slope efficiency and stable 200 W output power is discussed.
Marketing Democracy: Power and Social Movements in Post‐Dictatorship Chile

Marketing Democracy: Power and Social Movements in Post-Dictatorship Chile Julia Paley (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001)
Depressive Symptomatology, Exercise Adherence, and Fitness Are Associated With Reduced Cognitive Performance in Heart Failure

Objective: Depression is common in heart failure (HF) and associated with reduced cognitive function. The current study used Structrual Equation Modeling to examine whether depression adversely impacts cognitive function in HF through its adverse affects on exercise adherence and cardiovascular fitness. Method: 158 HF patients completed neuropsychological testing, physical fitness test, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and measures assessing exercise adherence and physical exertion. Results: The model demonstrated excellent model fit and increased scores on the BDI-II negatively affected exercise adherence and cardiovascular fitness. There was a strong inverse association between cardiovascular fitness and cognitive function. Sobel test showed a significant indirect pathway between the BDI-II and cognitive function through cardiovascular fitness. Discussion: This study suggests depression in HF may adversely impact cognitive function through reduced cardiovascular fitness. Prospective studies are ne...
Contextualizing Writing and Response in a Graduate Seminar

Theoretical and pedagogical interest in writing in academic disciplines and other discourse communities has grown in the last decade, but few studies have looked at advanced levels of disciplinary enculturation. In this study, I examine the contexts for writing and response in a graduate education seminar with fifteen students, including eight nonnative speakers of English. I consider how the professor explicitly and implicitly communicated expectations for the form and content of writing assignments; how the students understood, negotiated and undertook these tasks; and how the professor evaluated and responded to students' final written texts. Finally, I argue that the students' writing tasks occur in a complex, multidimensional historical field of personal and social contexts and that advanced levels of disciplinary enculturation are marked by a specific set of issues revolving around students' emerging authority and conflicts inherent in disciplinary microsocieties.
Identification and content of insulin-like growth factors in porcine oviductal fluid.

Oviductal fluid (OvF) was collected from gills by indwelling catheters during the estrous cycle and analyzed for content of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-l, IGF-ll). Group 1, composed of 9 gilts in a summer environment near a boar, yielded mean daily fluid volumes of 1.18 ± 0.16 ml during estrus and 0.69 ± 0.03 ml post-estrus. Group 2, composed of 7 gills in a moderatetemperature, light-regulated room, yielded 1.20 ± 0.18 ml during estrus and then OvF flow essentially stopped. Serum samples were also collected 2 times daily during the cycle and analyzed along with the OvF for IGF-l and IGF-II. Serum was also analyzed for estradiol- 17� (E,). For group I, OvF content (concentration x fluid volume) of IGF-l and IGF-lI was greater (p 0.05), a finding that results from the difference in OvF produced. Compared with OvF concentrations of IGF for a given pig, blood plasma concentrations of IGF-l and IGF-ll were 2- to 5-fold higher in the plasma sample collected the same day. Plasma concentrations of IGF-l and IGF-ll ranged from 40 to 100 ng/ml and 100 to 400 ng/ml, respectively, during the cycle. Concentrations of both lGFs in the blood plasma were similar (p > 0.05) between the peri-estrus and nonestrus periods when compared by overall means or within each animal. Thus, plasma concentrations did not vary over time in the same way as the contents or concentrations of IGF in the OvF. Plasma E, was highest at estrus in all animals, coinciding with highest OvF flow and content of both IGF5. Oviductal epithelial cells collected on Day 2 of the cycle were cultured and found to secrete IGF-l and IGF-H into the media. It is concluded that OvF contains IGF-I and IGF-lI in significant quantities and that the oviduct can and does produce both lGFs throughout the estrous cycle, this activity being greatest at peri-estrus.
Synthesis and characterization of polydimethylsiloxane polyurea‐urethanes and related zwitterionomers

A series of segmented polyurea urethane and polyurea block copolymers based on a hexane diisocyanate (HDI) modified aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane soft segment was synthesized. The hard segments consisted of 4,4′-methylene diphenylene diisocyanate (MDI) which was chain extended with 1,4-butanediol (BD), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), or ethylene diamine. Zwitterionomers were prepared by quaternizing the tertiary amine of the MDEA extended material with γ-propane sultone. The effect of chemical structure on the extent of phase separation and physical properties was studied using a variety of techniques including thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, tensile testing, and small-angle x-ray scattering. It was observed that the compatibility between the nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane soft segments and the polar urethane hard segments was improved by inserting HDI linkages into the polydimethylsiloxane soft segments. The aggregation of hard segments was enhanced by increasing hard-segment content or by the introduction of ionic functionality. The tensile strength and modulus of these materials was higher than those of polyurethanes containing soft segments based on polydimethylsiloxane and its derivatives.
Utility accrual channel establishment in multihop networks

We consider real-time CORBA 1.2 (dynamic scheduling) distributable threads operating in multihop networks. When distributable threads are subject to time/utility function-time constraints, and timeliness optimality criteria such as maximizing accrued system-wide utility is desired, utility accrual real-time channels must be established. Such channels transport messages that are generated as distributable threads transcend nodes, in a way that maximizes system-wide, message-level utility. We present 1) a localized utility accrual channel establishment algorithm called localized decision for utility accrual channel establishment (or LocDUCE) and 2) a distributed utility accrual channel establishment algorithm called global decision for utility accrual channel establishment (or GloDUCE). Since the channel establishment problem is NP-complete. LocDUCE and GloDUCE heuristically compute channels, with LocDUCE making decisions based on local information pertaining to the node and GloDUCE making global decisions. We simulate the performance of the algorithms and compare them with the open shortest path first (OSPF) routing algorithm and the optimal algorithm. We also implement these algorithms in a prototype testbed and experimentally compare their performance with OSPF. Our simulation and experimental measurements reveal that GloDUCE and LocDUCE accrue significantly higher utility than OSPF and also perform close to the optimal for some cases. Furthermore, GloDUCE outperforms LocDUCE under high downstream traffic.
Glucose and phosphate inhibit respiration and oxidative metabolism in cultured hamster eight-cell embryos : evidence for the "Crabtree effect"

The development of hamster eight-cell embryos is inhibited by glucose in culture medium containing inorganic phosphate (Pi). This is hypothetically attributed to the "Crabtree effect," in which enhanced glycolysis inhibits respiratory activity and oxidative metabolism. To examine this hypothesis, oxygen consumption of hamster eight-cell embryos was measured using a microelectrode. A two- to three-fold decrease in oxygen consumption was observed in embryos cultured with glucose and Pi. Oxidizable substrates and intermediates of the Krebs cycle supported embryo development only in the absence of glucose and Pi; Krebs cycle inhibitors (fluoroacetate and arsenite) arrested embryo development. Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate and lactate did not support embryo development. Inhibition of both respiration and oxidative activity in cultured hamster embryos by glucose and Pi is consistent with the existence of a Crabtree effect and indicates that the metabolic properties of preimplantation embryonic cells differ markedly from those of most somatic cells and resemble some cancer cells.
Effects of demineralization and parathyroid hormone on the availability of bone collagen to degradation by collagenase.

Calvaria were exposed to collagenase in vitro before and after demineralization to determine the effect of the mineral phase on the availability of the collagen matrix to collagenolytic degradation. Other calvaria were cultured, in the presence or absence of parathyroid hormone, in a system that supports active bone resorption but not bone formation. The residual calvaria were then treated with collagenase as described above to study the availability and susceptibility of the remaining bone collagen to enzymatic attack. The mineral phase of the calvaria was found to protect collagen in bone from degradation by collagenase. Removal of the mineral from these bones rendered the remaining pool of collagen available to collagenolytic attack. Both unmineralized and mineralized pools of collagen in the calvaria were degraded during bone resorption in culture and this process was stimulated by parathyroid hormone. Since the demineralized cultured calvaria were degraded by collagenase in vitro to a greater extent than the demineralized uncultured calvaria, it would appear that the collagen matrix, in addition to being made available to collagenolytic attack through the loss of mineral, was altered structurally during bone resorption such that it became more susceptible to enzymatic degradation.
On the tracking and interception of a moving object by a wheeled mobile robot

This paper deals with the problem of tracking and interception of an object moving with unknown maneuvers by a wheeled mobile robot. We design a closed loop control law based on a guidance strategy for this purpose. The guidance strategy uses geometrical rules combined with the kinematics equations, where the robot's angular velocity is equal to the rate of turn of the line of sight angle. In some situations it is necessary to use a heading regulation phase in order to put the robot's linear velocity on the line of sight and apply the guidance strategy. In the presence of obstacles, two navigation modes are used, namely tracking mode and obstacle avoidance mode. Simulation examples show the efficiency of the method.
Interactive Reconfiguration of Urban Layouts

The layout of an urban space is a complex collection of man-made structures arranged in parcels, city blocks, and neighborhoods. An editor for interactively reconfiguring city layouts exploits geographical information system (GIS) data and provides tools to expand, scale, replace, and move parcels and blocks while efficiently exploiting their connectivity and zoning. The ability to create, extend, and change a model of a large-scale urban environment is useful for a variety of computer graphics applications. For example, it lets urban planning applications simulate changes to city layouts or newly proposed neighborhoods, create hypothetical views of an urban area after applying development and growth algorithms, and show architects the results of using common building blocks to design a new city layout.
The utility of anger in promoting clean indoor air policies.

This investigation examined antecedents associated with support for clean indoor air policies. Participants (N = 550) living in a Midwestern county (population = 62,223) were randomly sampled. Results suggest that beliefs in the health risks associated with secondhand smoke are positively associated with favorable attitudes toward clean indoor air policies, whereas trait reactance is negatively associated with these attitudes. Findings also indicate that risks and trait reactance are indirectly associated with support for clean indoor air policies, mediated through anger arousal toward exposure to secondhand smoke. In addition, regression analyses revealed that health risks, trait reactance, and smoking status explained a significant amount of variance regarding anger toward exposure to secondhand smoke, but only health risks and smoking status accounted for a significant amount of variance toward clean indoor air attitudes. Finally, the Smoking Status × Health Risks interaction was supported for anger to...
Condense Mixed Convexity and Optimization with an Application in Data Service Optimization

Elements of matrix theory are useful in exploring solutions for optimization, data mining, and big data problems. In particular, mixed integer programming is widely used in data based optimization research that uses matrix theory see for example [13]. Important elements of matrix theory, such as Hessian matrices, are well studied for continuous see for example [11] and discrete [9] functions, however matrix theory for functions with mixed i.e. continuous and discrete variables has not been extensively developed from a theoretical perspective. There are many mixed variable functions to be optimized that can make use of a Hessian matrix in various fields of research such as queueing theory, inventory systems, and telecommunication systems. In this work we introduce a mixed Hessian matrix, named condense mixed Hessian matrix, for mixed variable closed form functions $$g: \mathbb {Z}^{n}\times \mathbb {R}^{m}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$g:Zn×Rmi¾?R, and the use of this matrix for determining convexity and optimization results for mixed variable functions. These tasks are accomplished by building on the definition of a multivariable condense discrete convex function and the corresponding Hessian matrix that are introduced in [14]. In addition, theoretical condense mixed convexity and optimization results are obtained. The theoretical results are implemented on an M/M/s queueing function that is widely used in optimization, data mining, and big data problems.
Effect of Pollen Availability on Poisoning of Honey Bees by Carbaryl Applied to Sweet Corn

Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., frequently work sweet corn tassels to obtain pollen. In some years they display such great interest that the loss of bees may be devastating when the corn has been recently treated with insecticide (Johansen and Shipman 1961, Anderson et al. 1966, Anderson and Atkins 1968).
IMPROVE THE DP- Matching ALGORITHM

In speech recognition, the unliner-time-development has satisfactorily been performed by using the development pan technology. But the method of DP Matching in use now, doesn't have the following three characteristics at the same time: model exchange, time converse and conformance of liner-natching method. So the generality and flexibility of algorithm is not better. A new algorithm of having the above-mentioned three characteristics has been presented in this paper. This method has the effect of smooth for weighted coefficients in calculating part-distance by using this method. In actual use, this method is of the better flexibility .especially in the dividing and time converse matching,shows the better effect. First, the paper presents the basic theory of DP-Matching, then analyses and proves the defect of the DP- Matching formula in use now, furthermore puts forward and proves a general new DP-Matching algorithm, finally gets a few conclusions.
An Incentive-based Nodal Pricing Method Under Multiple Dual Solutions

In a real-world electricity market dominated by large-capacity units and large users,the possibility of price multiplicity cannot be ignored,and its influence is significant.In view of the problem of multiple dual solutions(MDS),this paper analyzes the nature of this problem,and proposes an incentive-based pricing method for this situation.First,based on a rational extension of the classical spot pricing theory,the theoretical range of spot price in a two-sided bidding mode is analyzed,and the concept of pseudo marginal bid(PMB)is put forward.Then through discussions about the incentives of market participants,an additional equation for PMB is developed to achieve a unique solution for the Lagrange multipliers,thus determining the nodal price.The theoretical analysis and case study show that the nodal price obtained with the proposed method is rational and incentive compatible.
Para-Virtualized TPM Sharing

We introduce a technique that allows a hypervisor to safely share a TPM among its guest operating systems. The design allows guests full use of the TPM in legacy-compliant or functionally equivalent form. The design also allows guests to use the authenticated-operation facilities of the TPM (attestation, sealed storage) to authenticate themselves and their hosting environment. Finally, our design and implementation makes use of the hardware TPM wherever possible, which means that guests can enjoy the hardware key protection offered by a physical TPM. In addition to superior protection for cryptographic keys our technique is also much simpler than a full soft-TPM implementation. An important contribution of this paper is to show that a current TCG TPM 1.2 compliant TPM can be multiplexed easily and safely between multiple guest operating systems. However, the peculiar characteristics of the TPM mean that certain features (in particular those that involve PCRs) cannot be exposed unmodified, but instead need to be exposed in a functionally equivalent para-virtualized form. In such cases we provide an analysis of our reasoning on the right balance between the accuracy of virtualization, and the complexity of the resulting implementation.
Surviving Host CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Cells Following Ablative Conditioning Expand and Comprise the Major Component of the Treg Compartment during the Lymphoid Reconstitution Period Following HCT.

The capacity of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + (Treg) cells to regulate adaptive and innate immune responses has led to studies investigating their application to regulate allogeneic T cell responses arising during hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HCT). With respect to HCT, a fundamental clinical concern is the reconstitution of the lymphoid compartment in recipients, particularly T cells since this process can be exceedingly delayed. We have previously found that host Treg cells can regulate resistance to engraftment following HCT, demonstrating that such cells survive and function at least transiently in recipients. The present studies investigated the residual host Treg compartment following HCT. Utilizing varying levels of total body irradiation (5.0 – 14Gy), we observed: recipient CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + cells can survive ablative as well as reduced intensity conditioning, the surviving, i.e. residual Treg cells undergo expansion as assessed by BrdU uptake and cell numbers, and these cells comprise the majority of the Treg compartment in recipients for several months post-HCT during which time donor derived Treg cells gradually arise and cede this compartment. Residual Tregs also dominated the compartment following allogeneic HCT of MHC-matched bone marrow depleted of T cells. To assess the functional capacity of the residual Treg cell compartment, the development of autoimmune disease following transplant of IL-2Rβ −/− (CD122 −/− ) bone marrow into syngeneic recipients with and without residual Tregs was examined. Autoimmune disease symptoms and T cell alterations were prevented in B6-wt but not T cell deficient recipients. Interestingly, the failure to transfer autoimmune disease following IL-2Rβ −/− HCT into lethally conditioned B6-CD4 −/− recipients was associated with the presence of a peripheral CD8 + FoxP3 + population not detected in B6-wt mice or the B6-wt mice transplanted with IL-2Rβ −/− BM. This finding indicates that in the genetic absence of CD4 + T cells, a CD8 regulatory population appears to emerge. In total, our observations support the notion that functioning host Tregs initially occupy a niche in the transplant recipient permitting lymphopenic expansion and an extended period of contribution to this compartment. Notably, this contribution reflected much greater levels than conventional T cell populations - even in aggressively conditioned recipients. Finally, these findings imply that the presence of host regulatory cells may be important to consider with respect to eliciting anti-tumor responses and vaccination in recipients during the early period post -hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Comparison of bone scans with child bone surveys in children under one year of age, with diagnosis of suspected non-accidental trauma

2001 Objectives Both bone scans and skeletal surveys are used to diagnose bone fractures in children with a diagnosis of suspected physical abuse. We investigate the necessity of the combination of these two exams to rule out fractures in children less than one year of age. Methods Twenty cases were evaluated using both modalities of diagnostic exams (child bone survey and bone scan). “Blind” readings of the bone scan by a Nuclear Medicine Physician and of the child bone survey by a Radiologist were performed. Skeletal fractures were categorized as definite, possible, or doubtful by the readers. Findings were then compared. Results Of the 20 cases reviewed, 17 cases demonstrated evidence of fracture(s) on the child bone survey and/or the bone scan. Matched negative findings of fracture were noted on 3 of the cases reviewed. Five cases involved mismatched findings of fracture (scans showed fracture(s) in different areas). Four skeletal surveys (20%) were definite or possible for fracture, with negative bone scan. Two bone scans (10%) were definite or possible for fracture, with negative skeletal survey. Overall, the radiologic osseous survey proved to be more sensitive than the nuclear medicine bone scan in 40% of the cases, while the bone scan demonstrated a higher sensitivity for fracture detection in 25% of the subjects. Conclusions Nuclear medicine bone scans and radiologic osseous surveys are complementary tools used to diagnose child abuse fractures in young patients. A child bone survey should be considered for the initial evaluation of non-accidental trauma in children under the age of one year. If, however, the osseous survey is read as negative or equivical and there is suspicion for abuse, a nuclear medicine bone scan should be recommended
Timing and Utility of Relapse Surveillance after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children with Leukemia

The utility and optimal timing of routine bone marrow (BM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surveillance after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in children with leukemia have not been previously studied. To examine the current practice concerning relapse surveillance in this population, we conducted a national survey of pediatric bone marrow transplant physicians. Sixty-two of 152 potential participants (41%) completed the survey. For acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, 41 physicians (66%) reported performing routine BM analysis in all such patients, 15 (24%) in some patients and 6 (10%) in no patients. Data were similar for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Among those who do such screening in the ALL population, 11 physicians (24%) reported performing 1 BM analysis in the first year, 11 (24%) performed 2, 6 (13%) performed 3, 12 (27%) performed 4, and 5 (12%) performed 5 to 10. Data were similar for AML. The most common time point for screening in both diseases was day 100, followed closely by day 365. With respect to central nervous system (CNS) screening in ALL, 11 physicians (18%) screened all patients, 28 (45%) screened no patients, and 23 (37%) screened only patients with prior CNS disease. Use of intrathecal chemotherapy in these patients also varied, with 7 (12%) doing so in all patients, 17 (29%) only in previously CNS-positive patients, and 35 (59%) in no patients. To assess the utility of surveillance procedures, we performed a retrospective review of 108 childhood leukemia patients after alloHCT at our center. Forty-one relapses (38%) occurred with a median time to relapse of 171 days. Five (12%) occurred after day 365. Of the 36 relapses within the first year, 20 (56%) were identified by clinical suspicion, whereas 16 (44%) were identified by routine screening procedures. The percentages of patients in whom routine screening detected relapse at days 100, 180, 270, and 365, respectively, was 6.7%, 11.1%, 11.9%, and 0%. That is, by day 365, no patient (of 38) who had routine BM surveillance had evidence of relapse on analysis of the BM. Our survey confirms a lack of standardization regarding routine BM and CSF relapse surveillance after alloHCT in children with leukemia. We have demonstrated that while day 365 post-alloHCT is a very commonly utilized time point for routine screening, the yield of such screening at this time is very low, such that the performance of these procedures may not be justified at that time. Prospective collaboration among pediatric alloHCT centers may help to provide more robust evidence-based guidelines designed to maximize utility and minimize risk.
Poetic Distillation: Artistic Transcription Analysis in Autoethnographic Literacy Research

As artists and critical literacy scholars, we continually seek out methods that more clearly and accurately reflect not only a way to analyze data, but an analysis that highlighted both the critical and the aesthetic for purposes of expanding and disrupting our commonplace notions of literacy, literacy teaching, and literacy research. We see poetically informed analysis – an area in arts-based qualitative educational research that uses the affordances of poetry to express interpretations of data. Our focus on the arts in literacy research extends beyond their use as objects of study or forms of representation; we seek to use artistic methods in the very analysis of data. To that end, we employ found poetry as an analytic method, creating poetic transcriptions – a process of reading across transcripts to locate key phrasing and recurring motifs. The significance of poetic transcription lay in its metaphoric and imagistic features that permit us to tap into both our literacy and artistic imaginations. Our goal is not to create poetry from our data or to claim ourselves as poets. Instead, we draw upon what we see as poetic impulses in spoken language to look at data through the beginner’s eyes that the arts can make possible.
Bisexuality, minority stress, and health.

Purpose of Review Bisexual individuals are at increased risk for negative health outcomes compared to heterosexual individuals and often compared to gay/lesbian individuals as well. The goal of this article is to summarize the current evidence-base on bisexual health disparities, to describe factors that influence them, and to review interventions designed to improve the health of bisexual individuals.
Index lesion tumor volume on MRI to predict adverse pathologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy.

43Background: Tumor volume measured on postoperative pathology has been shown to be associated with adverse pathologic and oncologic outcomes. Advances in imaging technology may facilitate the prediction of these outcomes prior to surgery. In this study, we evaluated the predictive value of tumor volume of the index lesion (ILTV) calculated from prostate MRI in analyzing adverse pathologic outcomes following radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: Clinical and pathologic data from a prospectively maintained, single-institution database was analyzed for patients who underwent 3T MRI prior to RARP (without prior therapy) between 2007 and 2016. ILTV was calculated from T2W MRI by multiplying length by width by depth by 0.52. Adverse pathologic outcomes were determined on whole mount prostatectomy specimens, and defined as positive margins (PM), extracapsular extension (ECE), positive lymph nodes (LNI), and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). Logistic regression was used to assess associations of clinical, imaging...
Queer sensibilities: notes on method

This note characterizes queer methods developed in the humanities in ways that may be useful in social science and law. Since it is antithetical to queer theory’s resistance to fixity to concretize...
Gene hunting with hidden Markov model knockoffs

Modern scientific studies often require the identification of a subset of explanatory variables. Several statistical methods have been developed to automate this task, and the framework of knockoffs has been proposed as a general solution for variable selection under rigorous Type I error control, without relying on strong modelling assumptions. In this paper, we extend the methodology of knockoffs to problems where the distribution of the covariates can be described by a hidden Markov model. We develop an exact and efficient algorithm to sample knockoff variables in this setting and then argue that, combined with the existing selective framework, this provides a natural and powerful tool for inference in genome-wide association studies with guaranteed false discovery rate control. We apply our method to datasets on Crohn's disease and some continuous phenotypes.
Transparency and Control of Autonomous Wildness: A Reply to Galaz and Mouazen.

Galaz and Mouazenc [1] argue that autonomous curation of wild places requires ‘algorithmic transparency, accountability, and public deliberation’. We completely agree. These are requirements for any fair and sustainable social endeavor, with or without algorithms. All conservation and design projects should meet these standards for open operation and stakeholder participation [2].
Rethinking prevention: Shifting conceptualizations of evidence and intervention in South Africa’s AIDS epidemic

In recent years, statements about the ‘end of AIDS’ and an ‘AIDS-free world’ have dominated headlines about the epidemic. This contemporary moment of extraordinary optimism has been prompted in significant part by developments in the field of HIV prevention. New approaches to prevention include techniques that are markedly different from older strategies; new prevention techniques are targeted and relentlessly biomedical, and have increasingly displaced older behavior change programs and broad based social measures. HIV/AIDS, which was long called a ‘social epidemic’ marked by unprecedented human rights struggles and community action, has increasingly become dominated by a discourse and practice of discrete interventions and their calculable efficacy. This article aims to explain the shift in conceptualizations and practices of prevention, and the changed understanding of the epidemic. How did prevention become about access to drugs? How did the discourse around HIV/AIDS move from a concern with social determinants of disease and human rights to matters of efficiency, efficacy, and measurable impact? The article argues that a conjunction of new biomedical technologies, changing managerial logics of donors and governments, and emergent evidentiary practices have led to the ascent of new approaches to prevention. To support this argument, it traces prevention strategies over the last three decades in the context of South Africa’s HIV/AIDS epidemic. The South African story, while unique and historically situated, nonetheless serves as a lens through which to understand broad based transformations underway in HIV/AIDS and in global health writ large.
Possible Worlds, Possible Showers, and Apparent Suicides

At its center this chapter addresses two common adjectives: “possible” and “apparent.” The argument, developed with a critical appeal to the philosophers Leibniz, Meinong, and Russell, is that these words are routinely misused and thereby diminish the quality of the writing and speaking in which they find a place. The problem is with phrases such as “possible showers,” “possible worlds,” “apparent heart attacks,” and “apparent suicides.” Meteorologists warn us to watch out for “possible showers.” Journalists say that a prominent figure died of an “apparent suicide,” and Leibniz describes “possible worlds.” They key point is that “possible showers” cannot make us wet. No one can die of an apparent suicide, and one is pressed to make sense of “possible worlds.” Actualities, not possibilities, are the woof and warp of polished English.
Total peripheral resistance changes in dogs during aversive classical conditioning.

The arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance of laboratory dogs were monitored continuously before and during a 30 min period in which aversive classical conditioning procedures were applied. The experimental stimulation generated inhibition of behavioral activity (“freezing”) together with sustained increases in arterial pressure averaging 30%, and increases in heart rate and cardiac output of 60–70%. The calculated total peripheral resistance decreased by an average of 20%. The behavioral and cardiovascular responses were sustained during the aversive conditioning period. The results suggest that significant peripheral vasodilation occurred under these conditions which was probably not due to metabolic byproducts of behavioral activity, but probably reflected sympathetic cholinergic effects upon blood vessels in the skeletal muscles. These data document the significance of the skeletal muscle circulation in the total peripheral resistance to blood flow in unanesthetized animals.
Networks and the Information Society

Vital differences exist between environments for human communication and those for computer communication. Human communication has been studied by social scientists in great detail and is of no direct consequence in the context of this chapter. However, almost all network data communication (except that used to control the network functions) is for eventual use in human interpretation and decision making. At this first and also at the final man-machine interface, users exchange information to and from the network in a multiplicity of modes, (for example, voice, visual, graphic, touch-tone, keyboard, scanners, fax, or even dialing). A degree of excellence in network service is a realistic expectation, as well as accuracy and rapid response from the network. The quality and response that the intelligent networks (INs) can provide far exceeds that of the conventional communication networks. For example, if visual communication in the high definition television (HDTV) mode is needed from a broadband intelligent network, the network must allocate about two orders of magnitude more bandwidth compared to the bandwidth for voice communication. Hence, the networks that provide integrated service need much greater sophistication to accommodate users and their individual needs.