cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution equations, singular dispersion relations, and moving eigenvalues

Abstract A new approach for finding the class of integrable evolution equations associated with a given eigenvalue problem is developed. The key point to note is that the squares of the eigenfunctions form a natural basis in which to expand the solutions of the evolution equation. Once this step is taken, the class of integrable equations may usually be read off by inspection. Of particular interest are those equations for which the bound state eigenvalues are not invariant but move in a way prescribed by the coefficients of the evolution equation. The corresponding solitons have the property that they retain their identity on collision with other solution components, but this identity is no longer a constant one. The Hamiltonian structure and the causality properties of these systems are also explored.
Dynamic characterization of a polymer-based microfluidic device for distributed-load detection

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study of the dynamic characteristics of a polymer-based microfluidic device for distributed-load detection. The core of the device is a rectangular polymer microstructure embedded with an electrolyte-filled microchannel. Exerted by a rigid cylinder probe, distributed loads deflect the microstructure and consequently alter the geometry of electrolyte in the microchannel, yielding recordable resistance changes. Using a customized experimental setup, the sinusoidal response of the device is measured with the overall sinusoidal load as the input and the sinusoidal deflection of the device as the output. The recorded data are processed to obtain the amplitude ratio, F 0 / z 0 , of the load to the device deflection and the phase shift, ϕ , between the two signals. These two variables are then utilized to fit the dynamic stiffness and damping of the device for extracting its system-level parameters. Three devices of different designs are fabricated and tested, and best-fit values for the system-level parameters of these devices are extracted. Through comparing the measured results among these devices, non-intuitive insight is shed on how key device design parameters and the probe used affect the dynamic characteristics of the device.
Structure slicing: extending logical regions with fields

Applications on modern supercomputers are increasingly limited by the cost of data movement, but mainstream programming systems have few abstractions for describing the structure of a program's data. Consequently, the burden of managing data movement, placement, and layout currently falls primarily upon the programmer. To address this problem we previously proposed a data model based on logical regions and described Legion, a programming system incorporating logical regions. In this paper, we present structure slicing, which incorporates fields into the logical region data model. We show that structure slicing enables Legion to automatically infer task parallelism from field non-interference, decouple the specification of data usage from layout, and reduce the overall amount of data moved. We demonstrate that structure slicing enables both strong and weak scaling of three Legion applications including S3D, a production combustion simulation that uses logical regions with thousands of fields, with speedups of up to 3.68X over a vectorized CPU-only Fortran implementation and 1.88X over an independently hand-tuned OpenACC code.
Quantum amplification with correlated quantum fields

Quantum fluctuations of a phase-insensitive amplifier are studied when the quantum fluctuations of the input field are correlated with the amplifier's internal modes. It is found that noise-free quantum amplification can be achieved under certain conditions and only requires finite correlation between the quantum fluctuations of the input field and the amplifier's internal mode.
Hybrid reconstruction algorithm for x-ray computed tomography

A hybrid reconstruction algorithm (HRA) is derived for fan beam geometry for use with systems utilizing a linear array of detectors. The algorithm uses fan beam geometry with a modified parallel beam reconstruction formula. The parallel beam algorithm is used with fan beam geometry by a simple geometric conversion and a different back projection formula. Correction for center of rotation shift is done during the back projection. Computer simulations are shown, both with the center of rotation shift uncorrected and corrected.
Sameness, novelty, and nominal kinds

Organisms and their genomes are mosaics of features of different evolutionary age. Older features are maintained by ‘negative’ selection and comprise part of the selective environment that has shaped the evolution of newer features by ‘positive’ selection. Body plans and body parts are among the most conservative elements of the environment in which genetic differences are selected. By this process, well-trodden paths of development constrain and direct paths of evolutionary change. Structuralism and adaptationism are both vindicated. Form plays a selective role in the molding of form.
Ion implantation damage in Al0.6Ga0.4As/GaAs heterostructures

The damage produced at the interfaces in a sample of GaAs/Al0.6Ga0.4As/GaAs that has been subjected to ion implantation at 77 and 293 K with 1 MeV Kr+ ions has been investigated using a combination of ion channeling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Low temperature ion‐channeling spectra obtained from samples implanted at 77 K, to an ion dose of 1014 ions cm−2, were similar to the random spectrum, indicating that the GaAs and Al0.6Ga0.4As layers had sustained a considerable degree of damage. An asymmetric signal developed in the He+ ion‐channeling spectrum as the sample warmed to room temperature. The backscattering yield corresponding to the bottom interface (i.e., Al0.6Ga0.4As grown on GaAs) resembled that of the random yield, whereas that from the top interface (GaAs grown on Al0.6Ga0.4As) decreased, shifting toward the unirradiated channeled spectrum. This observation suggests that the damage produced near the top of the Al0.6Ga0.4As layer is thermally unstable. Cross‐sectional TE...
Warren receives 2004 Maurice Ewing medal

Bruce A. Warren received the Ewing Medal at the 2004 Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony on 15 December, in San Francisco, California. The medal is given for significant original contributions to the scientific understanding of the processes in the ocean; for the advancement of oceanographic engineering, technology, and instrumentation; and for outstanding service to marine sciences.
Small wars and invisible genocides.

L'A. explique comment il peut utiliser l'expression de genocide a propos de souffrances sociales intenses. Apres avoir evoque l'holocauste nazi, il etablit un parallele entre les genocides et la violence brutale et gratuite qui a sevi au sein des etablissements psychiatriques italiens au sortir de la seconde guerre mondiale, violence decrite et denoncee par Basaglia. Puis l'article developpe abondamment le theme du crime contre l'enfance a travers les exemples des morts d'enfants livres dans une indifference complice a la misere et a l'ultra-violence au Bresil et en Afrique du Sud
Keyhole chemical exchange saturation transfer.

The keyhole technique, which involves the acquisition of dynamic data at low resolution in combination with a high-resolution reference, is developed for the purposes of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging, i.e., Keyhole CEST. Low-resolution data are acquired with saturation applied at different frequencies for Z-spectra, along with a high-resolution reference image taken without saturation. Three methods for high-resolution reconstruction of Keyhole CEST are evaluated using the values from quantitative high-resolution CEST maps. In addition, Keyhole CEST is applied for collection of data used for B0 correction. The keyhole approach is evaluated for CEST contrast generation using exchanging protons in hydroxyl groups. First, the techniques are evaluated in vitro using samples of dextrose and chondroitin sulfate. Next, the work is extended in vivo to explore its applicability for gagCEST. Comparable quantitative gagCEST values are found using Keyhole CEST, provided the structure or region of interest is not limited by the low-resolution dataset. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon nanotubes as potential building blocks for future nanoelectronics

We present recent experiments on carbon nanotube field-effect transistors and their characteristics and compare the performance of these devices with state-of-the-art silicon MOSFETs. By reducing the gate dielectric film thickness and working with high-k dielectric materials such as HfO2, we are able to effectively reduce the operational voltages below 1 V. The electrical characteristics obtained clearly indicate excellent device performance in both the on- and off-state wit of the nanotube transistor. On/off-current ratios of almost 104 are achieved along with a maximum transconductance of around 425 µS/µm and drive currents of 270 µA/µm at Vgs -- Vth = -0.6 V. Since device parameters are not fully optimized, significant performance improvements can be expected making carbon nanotubes particularly promising as building blocks for future nanoelectronics.
Intrathecal chemotherapy for recurrent central nervous system intraocular lymphoma

Abstract Purpose To report the use of intrathecal chemotherapy for two patients with recurrent central nervous system (CNS) intraocular lymphoma. Design Two interventional case reports. Participants The clinical course of two patients with documented recurrent CNS intraocular lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed. Intervention Both patients had previously undergone external beam radiation therapy to the orbit and brain, as well as systemic methotrexate (MTX) and intrathecal cytarabine (Ara-C), for primary CNS intraocular lymphoma. Both patients developed recurrent CNS intraocular lymphoma and treatment involved intrathecal MTX and Ara-C delivered by means of an Ommaya reservoir. Main outcome measure Survival and resolution of intraocular lymphoma. Results Complete remission of the CNS intraocular lymphoma was seen in both patients. Both patients maintain reading visual acuity in at least one eye. Both patients remain disease free with lymphoma in remission for greater than 5 years after initial diagnosis. Conclusions Intrathecal chemotherapy for recurrent CNS intraocular lymphoma seems to be effective in preserving vision and possibly increasing survival.
HEPATIC MONOACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN SUCKLING RATS

Hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) activity is 700-fold higher during the suckling period than in the adult rat. Specific activity in total particulate preparations rose from 9.4 nmol/min/mg before birth to a peak of 78 nmol/min/mg on the 6th postnatal day. MGAT activity fell sharply after day 8 and was 1.6 and 0.1 nmol/min/mg on day 28 and in adult rats, respectively. The activity had a pH optimum at 8.0 and was activated by albumin and by phospholipids. With (3H)palmitoyl-CoA and sn-2-monooleoylglycerol, more than 96% of the products were di- and triacylglycerols. 90% of the diacylglycerol product was the 1, 2 isomer. The activity was stable at 43° for 50 min and had t 1/2 values of 8 min and 4.5 min at 53.5 and 55°C, respectively. Suckling rat MGAT activities in liver and intestinal mucosa were 100- to 300-fold higher than in other tissues. MGAT activity was 12.5 fold greater with C16:0-CoA than with C8:0-CoA. Acetyl-CoA was not a substrate. The sn-2-monoacylglycerols were strongly preferred over the sn-1 isomers. No direct relationship was noted between monoacylglycerol chain length and apparent Km value. The presence of high MGAT activity suggests that the monoacylglycerol pathway provides a major route of glycerolipid synthesis in suckling rat liver.
Possibility that massless Yang-Mills fields generate massive vector particles

It is examined whether the massless Yang-Mills field theories can describe massive vector particles which have a common mass. The nonzero mass is supposed to be accompanied by poles in vertex functions. It is demonstrated that such poles can be consistent with the Ward identities. Homogeneous linear integral equations describing approximately the residues of these poles are shown to have asymptotic nontrivial solutions.
Post-Transplantation B Cell Function in Different Molecular Types of SCID

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a syndrome of diverse genetic cause characterized by profound deficiencies of T, B and sometimes NK cell function. Non-ablative HLA-identical or rigorously T cell-depleted haploidentical parental bone marrow transplantation (BMT) results in thymus-dependent genetically donor T cell development in the recipients, leading to a high rate of long-term survival. However, the development of B cell function has been more problematic. We report here results of analyses of B cell function in 125 SCID recipients prior to and long-term after non-ablative BMT, according to their molecular type. Studies included blood immunoglobulin measurements; antibody titers to standard vaccines, blood group antigens and bacteriophage Φ X 174; flow cytometry to examine for markers of immaturity, memory, switched memory B cells and BAFF receptor expression; B cell chimerism; B cell spectratyping; and B cell proliferation. The results showed that B cell chimerism was not required for normal B cell function in IL7Rα-Def, ADA-Def and CD3-Def SCIDs. In X-linked-SCID, Jak3-Def SCID and those with V-D-J recombination defects, donor B cell chimerism was necessary for B cell function to develop. The most important factor determining whether B cell function develops in SCID T cell chimeras is the underlying molecular defect. In some types, host B cells function normally. In those molecular types where host B cell function did not develop, donor B cell chimerism was necessary to achieve B cell function. 236 words
The Community Hymns Classification: A Proposal for Further Differentiation

The hodayot scroll from Cave 1 is often cited as one of the classic examples of sectarian literature found at Qumran, yet this conceptualization ignores the great variety of language and style found throughout these compositions. Perhaps a refined understanding of the different literary types within the hodayot scroll can help lead scholars to a better understanding of the relationship between it and other writings from Qumran. This paper proposes that the specific group of hodayot known as the Community Hymns may be further differentiated into two types: those that show strong alignment with the yahad and those that do not show strong alignment.
Large N chiral dynamics

Abstract Some properties of large N chiral dynamics are discussed, using an effective Lagrangian that has been derived by Rosenzweig, Schechter, and Trahern; Di Vecchia and Veneziano; and Nath and Arnowitt.
Abstract C22: Massively parallel DNA-sequencing of aggressive prostate cancer reveals disease heterogeneity and identifies targetable mutations

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background: Recent advances in our understanding of the mutational landscape of prostate cancer (PCa) have occurred through sequencing of primary prostate tumors. Highly aggressive PCa most often does not come to surgery preventing access to frozen sample for high-throughput studies. The purpose of this study is to determine the spectrum of mutations in a subgroup of highly aggressive PCa and to evaluate for targetable molecular alterations using a novel mutation analysis platform from archival formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples. Methods: 21 PCa (of which 9 were Gleason 5, 8 metastatic), 18 Neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC), and 18 benign FFPE prostate samples from 35 unique cases were evaluated and 77 high-density foci were selected for DNA extraction and sequencing library construction. Hybridization-based capture of 3230 exons and 37 intronic intervals of 189 cancer-related genes was performed, followed by deep, massively-parallel sequencing. Sequence data were analyzed for single nucleotide variants (sub), small insertions and deletions (indels), significant copy number changes, and selected re-arrangements/fusion genes. Results: 5/8 biopsies and 62/65 (overall 93%) of prostate or metastatic foci yielded sufficient DNA (≥50 ng) for analysis from 40μ of FFPE tissue. Average uniquely-mapping sequence coverage was 885x. 133 mutations were identified in 30 genes with 58/67 samples containing at least one mutation. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion was present in 31% of cases. Recurrent high confidence cancer alterations included: gain of MYC (9%), gain or sub/indel of AR (43%), deletion or sub/indel of PTEN (23%), RB1 (20%), BRCA2 (11%), and sub/indel of TP53 (40%), CTNNB1 (11%), PIK3CA (6%), ATM (6%). Several novel mutations were identified, including in BRAF and BRCA2. AR alterations were more common in PCa compared to NEPC, and were present even in clinically localized PCa. There was high concordance between NEPC and PCa foci in mixed tumors, as well as between primary tumor and metastases. Conclusions: This study demonstrates feasibility of in-depth DNA analysis using FFPE tissue, and even biopsy material. The spectrum of driver mutations observed highlights potential value of comprehensive genomic profiling for targeted therapy selection in clinical care. These analyses have laid the foundation for ongoing comparison with indolent PCa, and have identified potential new drug targets (e.g., PARP inhibitors for ATM and BRCA2 mutations), with a goal towards better defining biomarkers that distinguish aggressive and indolent PCa and designing more effective treatment approaches for patients with lethal PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5074. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5074
Molecular dynamics simulation of cluster-ion fragmentation

Recent experiments have shown that it is possible to “bounce” low energy (few eV/atom) molecular ions from surfaces and observe the inelasticity of the rebound and the fragmentation patterns. In order to understand these data and to improve our intuition of such phenomena, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of the impacts of Au clusters with barriers. These calculations not only allow us to deal with laboratory experiments but also give insight into the collisions of interstellar grains that result from the propagation of supernova-driven shock fronts through molecular clouds. In this case we want to determine to what extent the grains are heated and fragmented as a function of the shock velocity. The relevance of these results to the application of cluster-ion bombardment in thin-film deposition will also be discussed.
Controls on the preservation of biogenic opal in sediments of the eastern tropical pacific.

A map of the preservation pattern of siliceous microfossils was constructed from an examination of 125 piston and gravity cores of Quaternary sediments from throughout the eastern tropical Pacific. Preservation is enhanced where high surface water productivity supplies a high input rate of siliceous tests to the sea floor, except in a large area north of 5°N, east of the East Pacific Rise. Here a high input rate of terrigenous silicates may adversely affect preservation of biogenic opal in the sea-floor sediments.
BAROMETERS AND BLADDERS: A PRIMER ON PRESSURES

Purpose:: We develop a “consilient” (unified) view of pressure as a physical phenomenon and “clinimetric” tool, making a connection between barometers and bladders.Materials and Methods:: The philosophy, physics and clinical applications of pressure during the last 2 millennia were examined from Lucretius to the modern medical subspecialties.Results:: A variety of units and systems of pressure quantification developed as the physics of pressure became understood. Applications of pressure in clinical medicine with distinct physiological relevance have been created for organ systems across the subspecialties. Some measurements have become useful for management of urinary tract and other diseases.Conclusions:: Despite a broad range of units, systems and applications, a consilient view of pressure in medicine can be approached. This perspective is fundamental to understanding the significance of pressures in the expanding clinimetric arena and should mitigate against misplaced concreteness that is tempting in...
Photorefractivity in nematic liquid crystals doped with a conjugated polymer: Mechanisms for enhanced charge transport

New organic materials that exhibit photorefractive effects are of wide interest for potential optical signal processing applications. The authors report on a photorefractive nematic liquid crystal composite containing the conjugated polymer poly(2,5-bis(2{prime}-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), BEH-PPV that exhibits a novel fringe spacing dependent inversion of the polarity of the space-charge field due to competition between the ionic diffusion and charge drift transport mechanisms. A eutectic mixture of 35% (wt %) 4{prime}-(n-octyloxy)-4-cyanobiphenyl, 8OCB, and 65% 4{prime}(n-pentyl)-4-cyanobiphenyl, 5CB, was doped with 10{sup {minus}5} M BEH-PPV (200 kD by GPC), as the electron donor. The molecular weight of the BEH-PPV polymer implies that 500 repeat units of the monomer are present with an extended chain length of 0.35 {micro}m. N,N{prime}-Dioctyl-1,4:5,8-naphthalenediimide, NI, 8 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} M, was added as the electron acceptor. The free energy change for the photoinduced electron-transfer reaction, (BEH-PPV) + NI {yields} (BEH-PPV){sup +} + NI{sup {minus}}, is {minus}1.0 eV. Two other liquid-crystal composites were also studied as controls.
Changes in iodine speciation across coastal hydrographic fronts in southeastern United States continental shelf waters

The hydrographic front that separates the turbid inner shelf water from the “clearer” midshelf water on the southeastern U.S. continental shelf is accompanied by dramatic changes in the speciation of iodine. The total iodine to salinity ratio, or specific iodine, in the inner shelf was slightly lower, usually about 10% lower, than that in the midshelf, which was in turn slightly lower than those observed in the open oceans. This suggests that the efficiency for the removal of dissolved iodine to the particulate phase may increase progressively from the open ocean to the midshelf water to the inner shelf water. On the other hand, the average concentration of iodate increased by a factor of about three from the inner shelf to the midshelf water while the concentration of iodide decreased by about 30%. Above a concentration of iodate of about 0.05 μM, the concentration of iodide was inversely related to that of iodate with a ratio of about −1 suggesting that the in situ reduction of iodate to iodide may play an important role in determining the distribution and speciation of iodine in these waters. The relationship between the concentration ratio of iodate to iodide and the concentration of nitrate plus nitrite also falls into a definable pattern. Waters with high concentration ratios of iodate to iodide (>0.5) were found mostly when the concentration of nitrate plus nitrite fell below 0.5 μM. Above this concentration of nitrate plus nitrite, the iodate to iodide ratio was almost invariably below 0.5.
Treatment of Acute Gout

This article presents an overview of the treatment of acute gout. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments, monotherapy versus combination therapy, suggested recommendations, guidelines for treatment, and drugs under development are discussed.
Precursors to earthquakes: Seismoelectromagnetic signals

Field measurements in the past several years have documented electromagnetic signals which are attributed to precursory stress and strain changes which were followed ultimately by earthquakes. Precursory electric field changes observed in Greece on multiple dipoles have been used to issue earthquake predictions. While the source of these signals is still unknown, a sufficient number of predictions has been issued to allow some, but not all, statistical analyses to show this method is better than randomly sampling the earthquake catalog. Ongoing efforts to identify the sources of both these signals and the magnetic field variations prior to the Loma Prieta earthquake are focusing on electrokinetic coupling of fluid flow and transient electric fields. A mechanism related to local fluid flow appears to be best suited at this time of explaining the variety of purported precursors. However, much more work is needed to improve the observations and refine the models of precursor generation. Efforts to monitor magnetotelluric transfer functions at longer periods (T>10s) have been hampered by variability of the functions. The use of modern noise reduction techniques such as remote referencing should reduce this variability, but may not reduce errors to a level needed for monitoring. Monitoring of high frequency (81 kHz) seismoelectric emissions may be promising, but lack of simultaneous observations on multiple instruments hinders the utility of this technique.
Nucleus accumbens shell excitability is decreased by methamphetamine self-administration and increased by 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonism and agonism.

Methamphetamine profoundly increases brain monoamines and is a widely abused psychostimulant. The effects of methamphetamine self-administration on neuron function are not known for the nucleus accumbens, a brain region involved in addictive behaviors, including drug-seeking. One therapeutic target showing preclinical promise at attenuating psychostimulant-seeking is 5-HT2C receptors; however, the effects of 5-HT2C receptor ligands on neuronal physiology are unclear. 5-HT2C receptor agonism decreases psychostimulant-mediated behaviors, and the putative 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonist, SB 206553, attenuates methamphetamine-seeking in rats. To ascertain the effects of methamphetamine, and 5-HT2C receptor inverse agonism and agonism, on neuronal function in the nucleus accumbens, we evaluated methamphetamine, SB 206553, and the 5-HT2C receptor agonist and Ro 60-0175, on neuronal excitability within the accumbens shell subregion using whole-cell current-clamp recordings in forebrain slices ex vivo. We reveal that methamphetamine self-administration decreased generation of evoked action potentials. In contrast, SB 206553 and Ro 60-0175 increased evoked spiking, effects that were prevented by the 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, SB 242084. We also assessed signaling mechanisms engaged by 5-HT2C receptors, and determined that accumbal 5-HT2C receptors stimulated Gq, but not Gi/o. These findings demonstrate that methamphetamine-induced decreases in excitability of neurons within the nucleus accumbens shell were abrogated by both 5-HT2C inverse agonism and agonism, and this effect likely involved activation of Gq–mediated signaling pathways.
Using Relevance to Reduce Network Size Automatically

This paper proposes a means of using the knowledge in a network to determine the functionality or relevance of individual units, both for the purpose of understanding the network's behavior and imp...
Structural determinants of the blockade of N-type calcium channels by a peptide neurotoxin.

NEUROTOXINS that selectively block Na+, K+ or Ca2+ channels have provided valuable information about the functional diversity of the voltage-gated channel superfamily1. For Ca2+ channels, a variety of toxins have been found to block individual channel types2,3. The best-known example is ω-conotoxin-GVIA, a member of a large family of peptide toxins derived from venomous cone snails2,3, which potently and selectively blocks N-type Ca2+ channels4–9, allowing their purification10,11, cellular localization12,13, and the elucidation of their roles in Ca2+ entry14, neurotransmitter release15,16 and neuronal migration17. In contrast to Na+ and K+ channels, little is known about the molecular features that underlie Ca2+-channel susceptibility to toxin block; it is also unknown whether block occurs by direct physical occlusion3 or an action on channel gating18. Here we describe structural determinants of the N-type Ca2+ channel's interaction with ω-conotoxin-GVIA. When chimaeras combining individual motifs from the N-type channel and from a channel insensitive to ω-conotoxin-GVIA were expressed in Xenopus oocytes, each of the four motifs appeared to contribute to interaction with the toxin. The most dramatic effects on toxin interactions were seen at a single cluster of residues in the large putative extracellular loopbetween IIIS5 and IIIH5, consistent with a direct pore-blocking mechanism. These results provide a starting point for delineating the architecture of the outer vestibule of the Ca2+ channel.
Response of osteogenic sarcoma to the combination of etoposide and cyclophosphamide as neoadjuvant chemotherapy

A Phase I1 study of the combination of etoposide (VP-16) and cyclophosphamide (CPM) was conducted in an attempt to identify active and potentially less toxic agents for treating patients with osteogenic sarcoma (0s). VP-16 was given as a 72-hour infusion for a total dose of 600 mg/m2. CPM was given as six pulses of 300 mg/m2 every 12 hours for a total dose of 1800 mg/m2. Seventeen newly diagnosed patients, including five (29%) with metastatic disease, were evaluated before and after two courses of VP16 and CPM for clinical, radiologic, and biochemical (serum alkaline phosphatase [SAP]) responses of the primary tumor and metastases. Fifteen (88%) patients achieved complete or partial clinical responses. Fourteen (82%) patients achieved radiologic responses. Thirteen (87%) of 15 patients with higher than normal SAP levels for their age showed partial or complete responses. Three (60%) of the five patients with metastatic disease achieved complete or partial responses. The only major toxicity was myelosuppression, which led to 21 (62%) brief admissions after 34 courses of chemotherapy for intravenous antibiotic therapy for fever and neutropenia, without associated mortality. It was concluded that the combination of VP-16 and CPM is effective chemotherapy for lboth primary and metastatic 0s. Although myelosuppression is inevitable, it is rapidly reversible in the drug dosages used. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of these drugs in combination with established agents in improving the disease-free survival of patients with 0s. Cancer 65:861-865, 1990.
Vapor—liquid equilibrium in ternary mixtures of hydrogen + carbon dioxide + 1-methylnaphthalene

Abstract Compositions of saturated vapor and liquid phases at equilibrium were measured for hydrogen + carbon dioxide + 1-methylnaphthalene mixtures at 543 and 704 K over a pressure range of 50–250 atm. Measurements were made at three relative concentrations of hydrogen to carbon dioxide at each condition of temperature and pressure. A significant variation of the K-value of 1-methylnaphthalene with gas composition was observed in the high pressure region.
Proximal regions of the catalytic γ and regulatory β subunits on the interior lobe face of phosphorylase kinase are structurally coupled to each other and with enzyme activation

Abstract Phosphorylase kinase from skeletal muscle is a hexadecameric enzyme with the subunit composition (αβγδ)4 and a mass of 1.3 × 106Da. The catalytic γ subunit and the remaining regulatory subunits are packed as a tetrahedral structure composed of two elongated, opposing (αβγδ)2 octameric lobes. We show by immunoelectron microscopy with subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies that a portion of the β subunit occurs on the interior face of the lobes at a region of inter-lobal interactions, and that at a proximal position slightly more central and distal on the interior lobe face lies the base (residues 277 to 290) of the helical domain of the catalytic core of the γ subunit. Activation of the kinase by a variety of means caused similar increases in the binding to the holoenzyme of the monoclonal antibodies against these two regions of the β and γ subunits. Moreover, monovalent fragments of the antibodies against both regions stimulated the activity of the non-activated holoenzyme. Thus, the epitopes of the β and γ subunits recognized by the monoclonal antibodies are structurally coupled to each other and with the activation of phosphorylase kinase. Activation of the holoenzyme apparently involves the repositioning of the base of the catalytic domain of the γ subunit and a proximal region of the β subunit within the identified area on the interior face of the lobes of the tetrahedral phosphorylase kinase molecule.
Trigeminal evoked potentials in the cat.

Abstract Electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve in the cat resulted in a series of far-field evoked potentials at the vertex. The wave form of these potentials is similar to the auditory brain stem evoked response and the somatosensory far-field response; it is multicomponent, the amplitudes of individual components are of the order of 1 μV, and the latencies are all less than 4 msec. The anatomical origins of these evoked potentials were investigated. The results indicated that contributions due to the afferent trigeminal nerve, the principal sensory nucleus, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus are involved.
589 BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG WOMEN OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS

Differences in mean birth weight and low birth weight (< 2.5 Kg.) are analyzed among Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites who were enrolled in the Northern California Kaiser-Permanente Birth Defects Study, a prospective study of 29,415 pregnancy outcomes. Large differences in birth weight among babies of different ethnic groups persist after controlling for the joint effects of maternal smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, sex of child, parity, length of prenatal care, and maternal weight-for-height percentile. Compared to Whites, the relative mean differences in birth weight are estimated as -246 grams for Blacks, -210 grams for Asians, -105 grams for Hispanics, and -140 grams for Others. The low birth weight rates and crude odds ratios are 7.70%. (2.17) for Blacks, 5.57% (1.57) for Asians 5.52% (1.55) for Others, 4.007. (1.13) for Hispanics, and 3.55% (1.00) for Whites. After controlling for the effects of 21 factors, the odds ratios for a low birth weight infant are 2.41 for Blacks, 1.37 for Asians, 1.93 for Others, and 1.25 for Hispanics. It is concluded that factors currently used to control for ethnic differences in birth weight are insufficient to explain the observed differences.
Activation of α2-adrenoceptors in the trigeminal region produces sex-specific modulation of nociception in the rat

Abstract Sex-related differences in the sensitivity to pain and in the response to analgesics have been reported including higher perceptual responses to experimentally induced pain and the higher prevalence of many pain syndromes in women compared with men. This study examines whether α2-adrenoceptor-mediated antinociceptive effects are reduced by estrogen which could account for the sex-related differences in pain perception and modulation. Clonidine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, has been shown to inhibit noxious stimulus-evoked nociceptive behavior as well as the responses of nociceptive neurons in the medullary dorsal horn. Intracisternal microinjection of clonidine (7 μg/5 μl) through the implanted PE-10 cannulae dorsal to the trigeminal region in male, ovariectomized (OVX), and diestrous (DiE) Sprague–Dawley rats produced a strong antinociceptive effect on N-methyl- d -aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced nociceptive scratching behavior and heat-induced face withdrawal nociceptive tests. However, it failed to produce any inhibition in the estradiol-treated ovariectomized (OVX+E) group regardless of the dose of estradiol (1, 10 or 100 μg/100 μl sesame oil) or in the proestrous (ProE) group. Further, clonidine produced dose-dependent effects in male and OVX groups but not in the OVX+E group on the NMDA-induced nociceptive behavior. Finally, the effect of clonidine was reversed by yohimbine, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, in male and OVX groups on thermal nociceptive test. These results lead us to conclude that activation of α2-adrenoceptors produces sex-specific, estrogen dependent modulation of nociception in the trigeminal region of the rat. A decreased α2-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition could be one of the factors responsible for the higher prevalence of pain syndromes in females.
Social influence techniques during marital conflict

The use of social influence techniques was examined in two studies of marital conflict. In each study, couples discussed two issues in counterbalanced order: one in which the husband wanted change and one in which the wife wanted change. Interactions were coded for the use of influence techniques. Evidence from both studies supported a social role explanation, such that roles based on who wanted change predicted the use of influence, whereas gender did not. Secondary hypotheses based on attribution theory and schema theory were also supported. When discussing areas in which they wanted change in partners, spouses made more partner attributions, were more likely to suggest change, and were more likely to explain their partners’behavior than when discussing areas in which their partners wanted change. However, they were more likely to ask questions to clarify the problem when discussing a change their partners wanted in them than when discussing a change they wanted. The importance of considering social structural variables such as social roles in examining conflict interactions is discussed.
Fragmentation of doubly-protonated peptide ion populations labeled by H/D exchange with CD3OD

Doubly-protonated bradykinin (RPPGFSPFR) and an angiotensin III analogue (RVYIFPF) were subjected to hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange with CD3OD in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. A bimodal distribution of deuterium incorporation was present for bradykinin after H/D exchange for 90 s at a CD3OD pressure of 4 × 10−7 Torr, indicating the existence of at least two distinct populations. Bradykinin ion populations corresponding to 0–2 and 5–11 deuteriums (i.e., D0, D1, D2, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, and D11) were each monoisotopically selected and fragmented via sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) collision-induced dissociation (CID). The D0–D2 ion populations, which correspond to the slower exchanging population, consistently require lower SORI amplitude to achieve a similar precursor ion survival yield as the faster-reacting (D5–D11) populations. These results demonstrate that conformation/protonation motif has an effect on fragmentation efficiency for bradykinin. Also, the partitioning of the deuterium atoms into fragment ions suggests that the C-terminal arginine residue exchanges more rapidly than the N-terminal arginine. Total deuterium incorporation in the b1/y8 and b2/y7 ion pairs matches very closely the theoretical values for all ion populations studied, indicating that the ions of a complementary pair are likely formed during the same fragmentation event, or that no scrambling occurs upon SORI. Deuterium incorporation into the y1/a8 pseudo-ion pair does not closely match the expected theoretical values. The other peptide, doubly-protonated RVYIFPF, has a trimodal distribution of deuterium incorporation upon H/D exchange with CD3OD at a pressure of 1 × 10−7 Torr for 600 s, indicating at least three distinct ion populations. After 90 s of H/D exchange where at least two distinct populations are detected, the D0–D7 ion populations were monoisotopically selected and fragmented via SORI-CID over a range of SORI amplitudes. The precursor ion survival yield as a function of SORI amplitude falls into two distinct behaviors corresponding to slower- and faster-reacting ion populations. The slower-reacting population requires larger SORI amplitudes to achieve the same precursor ion survival yield as the faster exchanging population. Total deuterium incorporation into the y2/b5 ion pairs matches closely the theoretical values over all ion populations and SORI amplitudes studied. This result indicates the y2 and b5 ions are likely formed by the same mechanism over the SORI amplitudes studied.
Market Structure and the Durability of Goods

A basic proposition in microeconomics is that a monopolist tends to produce less output than would be produced by a competitive industry. With this proposition in mind, it is tempting to suggest that monopolistic producers of durable goods will produce goods with less durability than would be produced by a competitive industry. This result was derived by Martin (1962), Kleiman and Ophir (1966), Levhari and Srinivasan (1969) and Schmalensee (1970). However, Swan (1970) showed that monopolists would choose the same degree of durability for their goods as would competitive producers. The reason that earlier writers had reached a different result was that they had focused on long-run equilibrium profits and ignored the role of initial conditions in optimizing decisions. The Swan independence result-that durability is independent of market structurewas first derived under the assumption of constant returns to scale. Specifically, the average cost of production was assumed to be an increasing function of durability, but independent of the level of output. The constant returns to scale assumption was first relaxed by Sieper and Swan (1973) by introducing a fixed capacity cost. They showed that with finitely-lived capacity which required replacement, the independence result continued to hold in the very long run. Although market structure could affect durability before attainment of long-run equilibrium, no systematic results were derived. Kamien and Schwartz (1974) introduced rising average cost curves and resurrected the result of earlier writers that a monopolist would choose a lower durability than competitive firms. However, Swan (1977) pointed out that the Kamien-Schwartz analysis is flawed by not allowing the monopolist access to the same technology as the competitive industry. If the monopolist is allowed to choose the optimal number of plants, then Swan's independence result holds. Finally, Auernheimer and Saving (1977) introduced costs of adjusting the rate of output and the durability of output. They showed that if long-run increasing costs arise from pecuniary external diseconomies, then the independence result is preserved. As remarked by Schmalensee (1979) in his survey, "The general message of
Observations on thermoconvection for bilayers in containers of arbitrary shape

We have employed ideas on self-adjoint operators to formulate the problem on thermoconvection in bilayers and in bounded geometries. In particular, use of such operators helps in obtaining the behavior of the critical Rayleigh number with respect to domain size, fluid properties and boundary conditions. Two important cases are considered. These are (a) the case of a fluid bounded above by a solid of finite conductivity and height and (b) the case of two immiscible fluids which are vertically stacked against each other.
Physiologic Limitations and Complications of Spinal Cord Injury in the Elderly Population

Spinal cord injury (SCI) in elderly patients is increasingly common. The mechanism of trauma and patterns of SCI differ from those in younger patients. Additionally, the high prevalence of degenerative changes and stenosis in the elderly population may influence the clinical presentation and treatment patterns. Systemic medical issues and severity of neurological injury may contribute to the extremely high mortality rate in elderly patients. The elderly patients who survive SCI have the potential for meaningful functional and neurological recovery and require directed rehabilitation to this end.
40Ar/39Ar ages from Fra Mauro

Abstract High temperature 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages have been determined for four rock fragments selected from coarse fines returned from Fra Mauro. Three are fragmental rocks in varying stages of recrystallization and the fourth is crystalline with a gabbro mineralogy, relatively devoid of shock features. All of the fragments have a common age of 3.75 ± 0.15 × 10 9 yr. The ages suggest intense activity, possibly the Imbrium event, at 3.75 × 10 9 yr ago which has precluded the identification of more primitive material.
Characteristics of Two Groups of Angry Drivers.

High anger drivers acknowledging problems with driving anger and interest in counseling (high anger/problem [HP] drivers) were compared with high and low anger drivers not acknowledging problems with driving anger and seeking counseling (high and low/nonproblem [HNP and LNP, respectively] drivers). High anger groups reported more anger while driving; aggressive expression of driving anger; aggression and risky behavior; trait anger; impulsiveness; and aggressive, less controlled forms of general anger expression and less adaptive/constructive coping than LNP drivers. HP drivers received more tickets and experienced more minor accidents than LNP drivers. Although high anger drivers did not differ on reported anger, risky behavior, and impulsiveness, HP drives reported greater aggression on 1 measure, greater aggressiveness on 3 measures of driving anger expression, greater trait anger, and more aggressive and less controlled forms of general anger expression, suggesting HP drivers are somewhat more aggressive than the HNP group. Results supported the state-trait model of anger. Implications for intervention were drawn. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Homegrown process improvement employing a change message model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for the employee‐led development of a planned organizational change.Design/methodology/approach – The authors, as action researchers, aid a large public sector organization through the diagnosis and planning of an organizational change. The data were collected via mixed method web‐based surveys, while the change development and implementation planning leveraged change‐cynical opinion leaders from within the organization to develop the focal change.Findings – Communication and participation transformed the cynics into change agents. Furthermore, the described technique can help organizations develop a sense of self‐reliance with regards to problem‐solving capabilities.Originality/value – While the importance of communication is well‐known, this effort used change communication as an a priori tool in the development of a planned change. This method enabled team members to focus on helping their peers accept the change in addition to meeting opera...
Existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions of a class of nonlinear partial differential equations

In this study we investigate the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of solutions of a class of nonlinear integral equations which are representations for some time dependent non- linear partial differential equations. Sufficient conditions are established which allow one to infer the stability of the nonlinear equations from the stability of the linearized equations. Improved estimates of the domain of stability are obtained using a Liapunov Functional approach. These results are applied to some nonlinear partial differential equations governing the behavior of nonlinear continuous dynamical systems.
Comparative protein structure modeling as an optimization problem

Abstract Comparative or homology protein modeling uses experimentally determined protein structures to predict the conformation of another protein with a similar amino acid sequence. This technique can produce useful models for about an order of magnitude more protein sequences than there have been structures determined by experiment. Here, we review our approach to comparative protein modeling. In this approach, the three-dimensional model is calculated by satisfying spatial restraints extracted from an alignment of the sequence to be modeled with related known structures. We examine the types of errors in the resulting models and discuss some of the potential advantages of formulating comparative modeling as an optimization problem.