cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of two voltammetric techniques for determining zinc speciation in Northeast Pacific Ocean waters

Donat, J.R. and Bruland, K.W., 1990. A comparison of two voltammetric techniques for determining zinc speciation in Northeast Pacific Ocean waters. Mar. Chem., 28: 301-323. Two independent voltammetric techniques, differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV), determined that >/95% of the dissolved zinc is organically complexed at two depths (60 and 150 m) within the surface euphotic zone at an open ocean station in the Northeast Pacific. Average values for the concentrations of the natural zinc-complexing organic ligands (Ca) obtained from duplicate determinations at these two depths by DPCSV versus DPASV are in excellent agreement: 1.60_+ 0.01 versus 1.76 +_ 0.03 nM at 60 m, and 2.14 (n = 1 ) versus 2.22 ± 0.06 nM at 150 m. Average values for the conditional stability constants (with respect to free Zn 2+ ) of the natural zinc-organic complexes (log K' ZnL ) from duplicate determinations at both depths by DPCSV versus DPASV are 10.3 _+ 0.2 versus 11.2 ± 0.2. Additional research is required to assess the significance of the difference in the conditional stability constants determined by these two techniques. These results confirm recent observations that strong zinc complexes formed with an organic ligand class existing at nanomolar concentrations dominates zinc speciation in the North Pacific.
NEUROCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF BEHAVIOR

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the measurement of changes in the levels of transmitter or modulator suspects, such as acetylcholine (Ach), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin or 5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) as well as their associated enzyme systems in specific brain areas and their temporal relationship to changes in the quantitatively measured behavior of animals. A number of nitrogen-containing compounds called neurotransmitters or modulators have major effects on the behavior of living organisms by their individual or grouped action on the central nervous system. The results show that the injections of the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, produces a behavioral disruption in pigeons or rats working on approach schedules of reinforcement and caused an elevation of serotonin levels in the forebrain structures during the same time period that the behavior was depressed. Changes in a telencephalic cholinergic system and a midbrain noradrenergic system probably operate in the maintenance of the behavioral excitation.
Impact of Work-Related Pain on Physical Therapists and Occupational Therapists

Background Physical therapists and occupational therapists experience high rates of work-related pain. Although most therapists continue to work through this pain, it interferes with work and alters therapists’ work habits. However, the effects on productivity, quality of patient care, and therapists’ quality of life and long-term career plans are unknown. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of working with work-related pain on physical therapists and occupational therapists. Design Multiple methods were used in this study. It was primarily a phenomenological study. Methods A phenomenological approach was used to explore the meaning of work-related pain in therapists. Focus group interviews were used as the method of data collection. A questionnaire was used to supplement the qualitative analysis. Results Nineteen therapists participated in 4 focus groups ranging from 2 to 7 participants each. The participants noted substantial effects of work-related pain at work, at home, and in their career plans. All of the therapists were concerned about their potential clinical longevity. The professional culture complicated these effects by forcing therapists into a professional ideal. Conclusions Work-related pain affects therapists in several personal and professional domains. It also may affect career plans. Strategies to reduce the risk of injury and physical loading of jobs are needed.
THERMOREGULATORY ADAPTATIONS IN MARINE MAMMALS: INTERACTING EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND BODY MASS. A REVIEW1

A review of thermoregulation in marine mammals led to the following conclusions: very little is known about thermoregulation in large cetaceans. The only measured value for the metabolic rate of a whale, albeit a young one, was substantially higher than the predicted value for a terrestrial mammal of similar size. Very small and newborn marine mammals rely on a high metabolic heat production to sustain their body temperature during exposure to cold or in the water. The considerable insulation of some adult marine mammals may absolve them from the need for a high level of heat production. One marine mammal in tropical or subtropical waters is hypometabolic. There is evidence for a powerful control of thermoregulatory mechanisms by the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic region of the brain in two species. Thermoregulation in marine mammals during exercise remains paradoxical.
Initial Selection of Antibiotic Therapy for Community Acquired Pneumonia in Adults

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/23-1-14325 Patients with community acquired pneumonia must often be treated in the absence of a definitive microbiologic diagnosis. The optimal choice of antibiotic therapy depends on the patient's age, season of the year, onset of symptoms, underlying illnesses, epidemiological features, x-ray patterns, and the local prevalence of pathogens. The issues related to antibiotic cost and toxicity are also important considerations. Streptococcus penumoniae remains the most common etiologic agent among community acquired pneumonias, however, in a significant percentage of cases no definite etiologic agent is identified. The incidence of Mycoplosma penumonia is dependent on the occurrence of epidemics and that of Legionnories' Disease on the geographic area and the time of the year. Community acquired pneumonias may be divided into typical bacterial pneumonias or atypical pneumonias. Patients with a typical bacterial pneumonia and a compatible history, chest radiography, and sputum gram stain for penumococcal pneumonia should be treated with penicillin G. Those who present with atypical pneumonia may be initially treated with Erythromycin to cover both Mycoplasma and Legionella. Risk factors for infection with human immunodeficiency virus should be elicited in every patient since the likely pathogens are very different with Pneumocystis carinii leading the list. Presented at the IMA 22nd Annual Convention Orlando, Florida, July 1989. Part of Symposium: Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infection
Reconstruction of two- and three-dimensional images from synthetic-collimator data

A novel SPECT collimation method, termed the synthetic collimator, is proposed. The synthetic collimator employs a multiple-pinhole aperture and a high-resolution detector. The problem of multiplexing, normally associated with multiple pinholes, is reduced by obtaining projections at a number of pinhole-detector distances. Projections with little multiplexing are collected at small pinhole-detector distances and high-resolution projections are collected at greater pinhole-detector distances. These projections are then reconstructed using the ML-EM algorithm. It is demonstrated through computer simulations that the synthetic collimator has superior resolution properties to a high-resolution parallel-beam (HRPB) collimator and a specially built ultra-high-resolution parallel-beam (UHRPB) collimator designed for the authors' 0.38-mm pixel CdZnTe detectors. It is also shown that reconstructing images in three dimensions is superior to reconstructing them in two dimensions. The advantages of a high-resolution synthetic collimator over the parallel-hole collimators are apparently reduced in the presence of statistical noise. However, a high-sensitivity synthetic collimator was designed which again shows superior properties to the parallel-hole collimators. Finally, it is demonstrated that, for the cases studied, high-resolution detectors are necessary for the proper functionality of the synthetic collimator.
Retinoids and the Chemical Biology of the Visual Cycle

In the 1930s, Wald discovered that the photoconversion of 11-cis-retinal to all-trans-retinal is the primary event in vision. Vision would be a once in a lifetime event if the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rhodopsin were not resynthesized. In this review, the biosynthetic pathway through which vitamin A is transformed into the visual chromophore is described. Keywords: Photoreceptor; Phototransduction; Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (RPE); Retinoids; Visual Cycle
Space Traveling across VM: Automatically Bridging the Semantic Gap in Virtual Machine Introspection via Online Kernel Data Redirection

It is generally believed to be a tedious, time consuming, and error-prone process to develop a virtual machine introspection (VMI) tool manually because of the semantic gap. Recent advances in Virtuoso show that we can largely narrow the semantic gap. But it still cannot completely automate the VMI tool generation. In this paper, we present VMST, an entirely new technique that can automatically bridge the semantic gap and generate the VMI tools. The key idea is that, through system wide instruction monitoring, we can automatically identify the introspection related data and redirect these data accesses to the in-guest kernel memory. VMST offers a number of new features and capabilities. Particularly, it automatically enables an in-guest inspection program to become an introspection program. We have tested VMST over 15 commonly used utilities on top of 20 different Linux kernels. The experimental results show that our technique is general (largely OS-agnostic), and it introduces 9.3X overhead on average for the introspected program compared to the native non-redirected one.
Comparison of the hypothalamic^pituitary^adrenal axis in MDR1-1D and MDR1 wildtype dogs

Objective: To evaluate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in MDR1-1D (dogs with the MDR1 mutation associated with ivermectin sensitivity) and MDR1 wildtype dogs. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Institutional vivarium. Animals: Seven healthy Collie dogs. Measurements: MDR1 genotyping was used for allocation of dogs to 1 of 2 groups: dogs homozygous for the wildtype MDR1 allele (MDR1 wildtype) and those homozygous for the MDR1-1D mutation (MDR1 mutant). Blood samples were obtained for determination of cortisol and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) concentrations under basal conditions, before and after ACTH administration, and before and after dexamethasone administration. Main results: Significant differences were identified between the MDR1 mutant and MDR1 wildtype groups. Basal plasma cortisol concentrations and cortisol concentrations after ACTH administration were significantly lower in MDR1 mutant dogs as compared with MDR1 wildtype dogs. Plasma ACTH concentrations after dexamethasone administration were significantly lower in MDR1 mutant dogs as compared with MDR1 wildtype dogs. Conclusions: Results suggest that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a role in regulation of the HPA axis. Furthermore, it appears that the HPA axis in MDR1 mutant dogs that lack P-gp is suppressed compared with MDR1 wildtype dogs. This finding may explain some clinical observations in breeds known to harbor the MDR1 mutation including Collies, Shelties, Australian Shepherds, and others. There is a clinical impression that many of these dogs have worse outcomes in response to stress and, at times, respond poorly to appropriate therapy. HPA axis suppression, secondary to the MDR1 mutation, could result in a relative adrenal insufficiency (RAI) state during times of stress or illness. Further studies are required to determine the relationship between the MDR1 genotype and RAI.
Improving Societal Outcomes of Extreme Weather in a Changing Climate: An Integrated Perspective

Despite hazard mitigation efforts and scientific and technological advances, extreme weather events continue to cause substantial losses. The impacts of extreme weather result from complex interactions among physical and human systems across spatial and temporal scales. This article synthesizes current interdisciplinary knowledge about extreme weather, including temperature extremes (heat and cold waves), precipitation extremes (including floods and droughts), and storms and severe weather (including tropical cyclones). We discuss hydrometeorological aspects of extreme weather; projections of changes in extremes with anthropogenic climate change; and how social vulnerability, coping, and adaptation shape the societal impacts of extreme weather. We find four critical gaps where work is needed to improve outcomes of extreme weather: (a) reducing vulnerability; (b) enhancing adaptive capacity, including decision-making flexibility; (c) improving the usability of scientific information in decision making, and (d ) understanding and addressing local causes of harm through participatory, community-based efforts formulated within the larger policy context.
The value of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with complicated celiac disease

Background Celiac disease may be complicated by symptoms that raise the suspicion of small-intestinal malignancy. The objective is to evaluate wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) in complicated celiac disease. Methods This is a prospective study at a university referral center. There were 47 patients. The indications for WCE were abdominal pain (57%), cancer surveillance (23%), blood in the stool, or persistent iron deficiency (19%). Results Findings were consistent with celiac disease in 87%: atrophy (68%), fissuring (62%), and mosaic pattern (19%), extending to the ileum in 34%. Unexpected findings were ulceration in 45% (n=21), cancer (1), polyps (1), stricture (1), submucosal mass (1), ulcerated nodular mucosa (2), and intussusception (1) were seen in 60%. Conclusions WCE has a high yield in complicated celiac disease, by identifying mucosal abnormalities and by excluding adenocarcinoma.
Sustainable process design by the process to planet framework

Sustainable process design (SPD) problems combine a process design problem with life cycle assessment (LCA) to optimize process economics and life cycle environmental impacts. While SPD makes use of recent advances in process systems engineering and optimization, its use of LCA has stagnated. Currently, only process LCA is utilized in SPD, resulting in designs based on incomplete and potentially inaccurate life cycle information. To address these shortcomings, the multiscale process to planet (P2P) modeling framework is applied to formulate and solve the SPD problem. The P2P framework offers a more comprehensive analysis boundary than conventional SPD and greater modeling detail than advanced LCA methodologies. Benefits of applying this framework to SPD are demonstrated with an ethanol process design case study. Results show that current methods shift emissions outside the analysis boundary, while applying the P2P modeling framework results in environmentally superior process designs. Future extensions of the P2P framework are discussed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3320–3331, 2015
Evolution of stress-resultant loading and ultimate strength surfaces in cyclic plasticity of steel wide-flange cross-sections

Abstract The evolution of the shape of limit surfaces during plastic excursions is a key component of the inelastic response of structural members. However, stress-resultant-based computational plasticity formulations rarely account for any change in shape of the loading or ultimate strength surfaces. This research documents the evolution of the shape, size, and position of the loading and ultimate strength surfaces in stress-resultant space for wide-flange steel shapes subjected to cyclic proportional and nonproportional loading having a combination of axial force and either strong- or weak-axis flexure. The evolution is based on numerical integration of the cross-section stresses assuming a cyclic uniaxial stress–strain curve with a trilinear backbone that accounts for the Bauschinger effect. Surface evolution is investigated both with and without residual stresses. The results indicate that the evolution in shape of the loading surface, while relatively path-independent, is substantial, particularly at high levels of plastic excursion, where the loading surface essentially vanishes. The evolution in shape of the ultimate strength surface, in contrast, is mild. The research also documents the relative magnitudes of the components of cyclic plastic deformation. Recommendations are provided for the estimation of the direction of cyclic plastic flow through the calculation of gradients to the limit surfaces within the assumption of using an associated flow rule in stress-resultant space.
Leading by Example? ALA Division Publications, Open Access, and Sustainability

This investigation explores scholarly communication business models in American Library Association (ALA) division peer-reviewed academic journals. Previous studies reveal the numerous issues organizations and publishers face in the academic publishing environment. Through an analysis of documented procedures, policies, and finances of five ALA division journals, we compare business and access models. We conclude that some ALA divisions prioritize the costs associated with changing business models, including hard-to-estimate costs such as the labor of volunteers. For other divisions, the financial aspects are less important than maintaining core values, such as those defined in ALA’s Core Values in Librarianship.
Abstract W P405: Association Between Coated-Platelet Levels and MCP-1 Among Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis

Background: Extensive data support the link between inflammation and stroke. Coated-platelets, a subset of platelets with high procoagulant potential observed upon dual agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin, are elevated in acute ischemic stroke also identify asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients at high risk for stroke or TIA. Because inflammation may be involved in coated-platelet synthesis, we explored whether inflammatory markers are associated with coated-platelet levels in with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Methods: Coated-platelet levels were assayed for 124 asymptomatic patients referred for carotid Doppler evaluation. Serum was obtained simultaneously for measurement of inflammatory markers using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories). Hs-CRP was also measured. Inflammatory markers were analyzed as independent variables according to quartiles of marker concentration with coated-platelet levels as a continuous dependent variable. Backward stepwise regression was conducted to find the best combination of predictors of coated-platelet levels. Markers having bivariate correlations with coated-platelet levels at the 0.25 significance level were included as potential predictors. Relevant demographic and comorbid factors were also considered. Variables with p values < 0.05 were retained in the final model. Results: Bivariate analysis revealed significant correlations between coated-platelet levels and IL-7 (r= -0.22, p=0.013) and MCP-1 (r= -0.22, p=0.013). These and 7 variables correlating with coated-platelet levels at p≤0.25 (IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IP-10, MIP-1b, RANTES, and previous stroke/TIA) were assessed using stepwise multiple regression analysis. MCP-1 was the only variable retained in the model (b= -2.99, SE=1.2, F=6.20, p=0.015, R2=0.062). Conclusions: There was a statistically significant inverse association between MCP-1 and coated-platelets, although the effect size was modest. These findings suggest that the role played by inflammation in coated-platelet synthesis, as assessed with currently available markers, is small. Thus, other mechanisms coated-platelet potential determination should be explored.
Abstract 232: Targeting HER3 mRNA by a locked nucleic antisense molecule enhances the antitumor activity of gefitinib in vivo

Background: The HER family consists of four tyrosine kinase receptors designated as EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4. HER3 is a unique member that plays a critical role in tumor growth since it 1) can heterodimerize with EGFR or HER2 and is the main link to the downstream PI3K/Akt signaling axis, 2) can mediate resistance to HER1/2-targeted therapeutics, and 3) unlike EGFR or HER2, is not typically overexpressed but still hyperphosphorylated in a variety of tumors. Resistance to the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib, can be associated with EGFR mutations and/or activation of HER3 ultimately leading to activation of the PI3K/AKT axis. We have used an RNA antagonist of HER3, designated EZN-3920, to explore the ability of this compound to inhibit tumor growth and overcome resistance to HER1/2 therapeutics. Methods: Tissue culture cells were treated with EZN-3920, a locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based oligonucleotide complementary to HER3. Compound was either added to tissue culture media (i.e. no transfection) in vitro or prepared in saline and given IV in vivo. Endpoints were measured by qRT-PCR, MTT, Western Blot analysis, Immunohistochemistry, and tumor size. Results: EZN-3920 down modulated HER3 mRNA, protein expression, PI3K/AKT signaling, and inhibited tumor cell proliferation. In vivo, systemic administration of EZN-3920, prepared in saline, resulted in specific down- modulation of HER3 mRNA and protein expression, as well as blockade in PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in NSCLC HCC827 associated with tumor growth inhibition. Similar results were also shown in tumor derived from BT-474-M1 breast carcinoma xenograft models. Interestingly, in the HCC827 tumor model, EZN-3920 at 30 mg/kg (biweekly for 4 weeks, i.v.) and gefitinib at 15 mg/kg (5 times a week for two weeks) completely shrank established tumors while either treatment alone only delayed tumor growth by 40-60%. Conclusions: The studies suggest that down regulation of HER3 by antisense molecule EZN-3920 inhibits human tumor growth in mice. Beyond this, antitumor effects of gefitinib can be enhanced by HER3 down modulation in gefitinib-sensitive tumors. On-going studies will determine if tumors that are resistant to HER1/2 therapeutics will either have enhanced sensitivity to EZN-3920 and/or the compound can restore sensitivity to such agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 232. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-232
Investigation on Legionella pneumophila pollution in cooling water of central air-conditioning in public places of Taizhou from 2009 to 2012

Objective To investigate the Legionella pneumophila pollution in cooling water of central air-conditioning in public places of Taizhou,and provide basis for preventing and controling the spread of the disease. Methods A total of 180 cooling water samples were collected from central air-conditioning in public places of Taizhou from 2009 to 2012 for the traditional bacterial isolation culture and RTFQ PCR detection of Legionella pneumophila. Results Among 180 cooling water samples,55 Legionella pneumophila strains were detected by the traditional bacterial isolation and culture,the positive rate was 30. 56%( 55/180); Meanwhile,64 Legionella pneumophila strains were detected by RTFQ PCR and the positive rate was 35. 56%( 64/180). Conclusion Legionella pneumophila pollution was serious in cooling water of central air-conditioning in public places of Taizhou. So the relevant departments should pay more attention to prevent the outbreak and epidemic of Legionella pneumophila disease.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of the dense plaque protein paxillin is regulated during smooth muscle contraction

Regulation of the attachment of actin filaments to the cell membrane at membrane-associated dense plaque (MADP) sites could allow smooth muscle cells to modulate their cytostructure in response to ...
Detection of Protein-Synthesizing Microorganisms in the Environment via Bioorthogonal Noncanonical Amino Acid Tagging (BONCAT)

Bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) is a recently developed method for studying microbial in situ activity. This technique is based on the in vivo incorporation of artificial amino acids that carry modifiable chemical tags into newly synthesized proteins. BONCAT has been demonstrated to be effective in labeling the proteomes of a wide range of taxonomically and physiologically distinct Archaea and bacteria without resulting in preferential synthesis or degradation of proteins. After chemical fixation of cells, surrogate-containing proteins can be detected by whole-cell fluorescence staining using azide-alkyne click chemistry. When used in conjunction with rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), BONCAT allows the simultaneous taxonomic identification of a microbial cell and its translational activity. Rather than studying the bulk proteome, BONCAT is able to specifically target proteins that have been expressed in reaction to an experimental condition. BONCAT-FISH thus provides researchers with a selective, sensitive, fast, and inexpensive fluorescence microscopy technique for studying microbial in situ activity on an individual cell level. This protocol provides a detailed description of how to design and perform BONCAT experiments using two different bioorthogonal amino acids, l-azidohomoalanine (AHA) and l-homopropargylglycine (HPG), which are both surrogates of l-methionine. It illustrates how incorporation of these noncanonical amino acids into new proteins can be detected via copper-catalyzed or strain-promoted azide-alkyne click chemistry and outlines how the visualization of translational activity can be combined with the taxonomic identification of cells via FISH. Last, the protocol discusses potential problems that might be encountered during BONCAT studies and how they can be overcome.
Direct photoisomerization of CH2I2vs. CHBr3 in the gas phase: a joint 50 fs experimental and multireference resonance-theoretical study.

Femtosecond transient absorption measurements powered by 40 fs laser pulses reveal that ultrafast isomerization takes place upon S1 excitation of both CH2I2 and CHBr3 in the gas phase. The photochemical conversion process is direct and intramolecular, i.e., it proceeds without caging media that have long been implicated in the photo-induced isomerization of polyhalogenated alkanes in condensed phases. Using multistate complete active space second order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2) calculations, we investigate the structure of the photochemical reaction paths connecting the photoexcited species to their corresponding isomeric forms. Unconstrained minimum energy paths computed starting from the S1 Franck–Condon points lead to S1/S0 conical intersections, which directly connect the parent CHBr3 and CH2I2 molecules to their isomeric forms. Changes in the chemical bonding picture along the S1/S0 isomerization reaction path are described using multireference average coupled pair functional (MRACPF) calculations in conjunction with natural resonance theory (NRT) analysis. These calculations reveal a complex interplay between covalent, radical, ylidic, and ion-pair dominant resonance structures throughout the nonadiabatic photochemical isomerization processes described in this work.
Non-natural carbenoid and nitrenoid insertion reactions catalyzed by heme proteins.

Despite increasing interest in using enzymes as tools for synthesis, many reactions discovered through the creativity of synthetic chemists remain beyond the scope of biocatalysis. This vacancy in the field has compelled researchers to develop strategies to adapt protein scaffolds for new reactivity. Heme proteins have recently been shown to activate synthetic precursors to generate reactive metallocarbenoid and metallonitrenoid species that enable the biosynthetic construction of novel C–C, C–N, and other bonds using mechanisms not previously explored by Nature. By interrogating heme proteins with synthetic, non-natural reagents, scientists are merging the reaction space traditionally dominated by organocatalysis and transition metal catalysis with the mild reaction conditions, selectivity, and adaptability imparted by native protein scaffolds.
Eating disorder-related social comparison in college women's everyday lives.

Objective This study examined: frequency of upward and downward body, eating, and exercise comparisons; context in which these comparisons occur; and body, eating, and exercise comparison direction as predictors of concurrent body dissatisfaction and disordered eating thoughts, urges, and behaviors in college women's everyday lives using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Method Participants were 232 college women who completed a two-week EMA protocol, using their personal electronic devices to answer questions three times per day. Results First, body, eating, and exercise comparisons were common. Second, when these comparisons were made, they were typically upward. Third, body comparisons were most oftentimes made about weight and shape and eating comparisons about healthiness and amount of food. Exercise comparisons were made on a wider variety of dimensions. Fourth, most body and eating comparisons were made with strangers and close friends, respectively, while exercise comparisons were made with a variety of individuals. Upward comparisons were usually made with acquaintances and strangers. Fifth, results shed light on where college women compare themselves. Sixth, upward comparisons were found to have negative consequences, and downward comparisons were generally not found to have a buffering effect on eating pathology. Discussion Results suggest targeting not only body but also eating and exercise comparisons in intervention. Also, prevention/intervention approaches should not promote engagement in downward comparisons, as they were not found to be protective and were even harmful at times. Clinicians should be attuned to the categories on which, with whom, and where college women are most likely to compare.
Elevation angle determination for SuperDARN HF radar layouts

The international scientific radars known as the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) are designed to primarily measure plasma convection at ionospheric altitudes over a large region of the northern and southern hemispheres. SuperDARN radars are equipped with a secondary interferometry array that is used to measure the elevation angle (α) of signals. These values of α have been used in relatively few studies, however, they are important for estimating ionospheric quantities and for accurate geolocation of the ionospheric source region of backscattered signals. The majority of SuperDARN radars are constructed with interferometers that are separated from their main array in one or two dimensions and a relatively straightforward algorithm gives reasonably accurate results. A solution to the more general case, where offsets in all three dimensions are present, is desirable for future designs and necessary for at least one operational radar. Details of such an algorithm are described here and applied to phase measurements from several radars. For radars with interferometers offset only along the radar boresight and vertical directions, small differences of up to ∼1.5∘ in α are observed and negative values of α, which are deemed unphysical, are no longer produced. For the radar interferometer that is offset in all three dimensions the resulting values of α are consistent with expected behavior. The algorithm presented here provides a technique for accurately determining α from SuperDARN radars with offsets in all three dimensions and significantly reduces any constraints placed on the positioning of interferometers for future SuperDARN radars.
An application of Kernel estimation method to the demand in two-stage inventory model

AbstractThis paper proposes an improvement in the form of modeling the demand in models of stochastic inventories. For these purposes, it is proposed to occupy the Kernel estimation method to the demand per unit of time and demand during the lead time to generate input scenarios for a stochastic programming in two-stage, in a model of continuous review with shortage. An application of this methodology considers the obtaining of this scenarios from the modeling of actual data of demand of inputs of food service. The possibility of working directly with the densities and accumulated probabilities of demand in an empirical and more realistic way with regard to the data available, improve the task for the decision makers of the operations management.
Inter-subject similarity guided brain network modeling for MCI diagnosis

Sparse representation-based brain network modeling, although popular, often results in relatively large inter-subject variability in network structures. This inevitably makes it difficult for inter-subject comparison, thus eventually deteriorating the generalization capability of personalized disease diagnosis. Accordingly, group sparse representation has been proposed to alleviate such limitation by jointly estimating connectivity weights for all subjects. However, the constructed brain networks based on this method often fail in providing satisfactory separability between the subjects from different groups (e.g., patients vs. normal controls), which will also affect the performance of computer-aided disease diagnosis. Based on the hypothesis that subjects from the same group should have larger similarity in their functional connectivity (FC) patterns than subjects from other groups, we propose an “inter-subject FC similarity-guided” group sparse network modeling method. In this method, we explicitly include the inter-subject FC similarity as a constraint to conduct group-wise FC network modeling, while retaining sufficient between-group differences in the resultant FC networks. This improves the separability of brain functional networks between different groups, thus facilitating better personalized brain disease diagnosis. Specifically, the inter-subject FC similarity is roughly estimated by comparing the Pearson’s correlation based FC patterns of each brain region to other regions for each pair of the subjects. Then, this is implemented as an additional weighting term to ensure the adequate inter-subject FC differences between the subjects from different groups. Of note, our method retains the group sparsity constraint to ensure the overall consistency of the resultant individual brain networks. Experimental results show that our method achieves a balanced trade-off by not only generating the individually consistent FC networks, but also effectively maintaining the necessary group difference, thereby significantly improving connectomics-based diagnosis for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Therapeutic and donor apheresis

Abstract Apheresis machines separate whole blood into cellular and plasma fractions. This allows for therapeutic interventions through removal of pathologic substances from these fractions (e.g., therapeutic plasma exchange to remove acetylcholine receptor antibodies in patients with myasthenia gravis) or by isolation and treatment of a specific blood component (e.g., collection and photoactivation of WBCs to induce immunomodulation by extracorporeal photopheresis). Apheresis procedures are also used to collect blood products for transfusion and hematopoietic progenitor cells for transplant. This chapter focuses on the basic principles of apheresis procedures, indications for therapeutic apheresis that are supported by evidence-based guidelines, and the management of adverse events associated with these procedures.
Comparing the Knowledge of Parents and Survivors Who Attend a Survivorship Clinic.

Background: This study underscores the importance of the survivor/parent dynamic in understanding the knowledge level of childhood cancer survivors and their parents with regard to cancer diagnosis...
Race, National Exclusion, and the Implications for Global Citizenship Education

Through transnational and cultural citizenship frameworks, this chapter explores adolescent Latinas’ experiences with race and citizenship in the United States and the implications of their experiences for education for global citizenship. Findings reveal that Latina youth understand citizenship as opportunity and racialized vulnerability, flexibility, and critique. Race, therefore, holds implications for global citizenship education, particularly in ways that disrupt universal and unifying notions of global citizenship. Latina youth perspectives underscore how citizenship lies between the nation-state and the amorphously global, for their notions of citizenship are deeply embedded in questions of race at the national and transnational levels.
Cancer: A Problem in Somatic Cell Evolution

Our goal is to define steps required for a cell to grow as a cancer. The complexity of the factors involved in the development of cancer make it clear that the analysis of clinical malignancy will not reveal these steps. Since these steps cannot be analyzed at the single cell level in vivo we extrapolate from the experimental to the autochthonous situation using a theory that considers the development of cancer to be a problem in somatic cell evolution.
Surviving in the city: higher apparent survival for urban birds but worse condition on noisy territories

Anthropogenic landscapes and soundscapes impose strong selective pressures on a number of species, which can manifest in changes in vocalizations, foraging strategies, predator vigilance, and reproductive success. However, few studies have examined survival rates, a major component of fitness, across urban landscapes and soundscapes. White‐crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) persist in both urban and rural landscapes and change their behavior in response to the soundscape. We color‐banded adult white‐crowned sparrows and collected noise levels on their territories in the urban San Francisco Bay Area and adjacent rural Point Reyes National Seashore in California. We collected mark‐encounter data on territorial males from 2014 to 2017. Using the Program MARK, we tested the effects of habitat (urban/rural) and territory noise level on annual survival rates and body condition. We predicted that survival and body condition would be lower in urban habitats and decrease with increasing background noise level on territories. We found that survival estimates vary according to year, and males in urban landscapes have higher survival. Noise levels best predict body condition, such that soundscape negatively correlates with male body condition. Taken together, the urban landscape and soundscape shape the survival and health of birds in and near cities.
Processing Florida dolomitic phosphate pebble in a double reverse fine flotation process

A double reverse fine flotation process was employed to process Florida high-dolomitic phosphate pebbles. In this study, the dolomitic phosphate pebble sample was ground to −150 μm (100 mesh) for liberating the phosphate to achieve the maximum phosphate grade and recovery. The selective fatty-acid-type collector for dolomite and H3PO4/H2SO4, in the ratio of 2:1, as both phosphate depressant and pH modifier, were used to effectively float dolomite at pH 5 to 5.5. The dolomite flotation sink product, rich in phosphate, was sized at 37 μm (400 mesh). The oversized fraction was further subjected to a siliceous flotation using a fatty-acid amine collector to reject silica. The amine flotation sink product was combined with the undersized fraction of dolomite flotation sink product to form a composite phosphate concentrate. The final composite phosphate concentrate had the grade of 31.6% P2O5 and 0.8% MgO, with a 92% P2O5 recovery, from the fine feed containing 26.7% P2O5 and 2.2% MgO. The effects of pH and reagent dosages on the efficiency of dolomite separation were studied. Two fatty-acid-type collectors were evaluated by flotation rates. This double reverse fine flotation process was also used effectively in processing Florida high dolomitic phosphate pebble samples obtained from various locations.
Citalopram-Associated Alopecia: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

Background Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatments for various psychiatric disorders. SSRIs offer an improved side effect profile compared to older treatments, which improves patients' adherence and quality of life. Case report Here we discuss a case of an uncommon, but a distressing side effect of citalopram. A 76-year old woman was referred to the psychiatry clinic for bizarre behavior. The patient was diagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia and was started on citalopram 20 mg and aripiprazole 5 mg daily. At 3.5 months the patient complained of diffuse hair thinning on her scalp. Citalopram was considered the offending agent and was discontinued. Within a few months, the patient regained most of her hair. Although drug-induced alopecia is common among other SSRIs, it is relatively rare with citalopram. Results and conclusion Early recognition, withdrawal of offending agent, and reassurance to the patient that hair loss is reversible can help alleviate patient distress and avoid relapse.
VITAMIN C INTRAVENOUS TREATMENT IN THE SETTING OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION: RESULTS FROM THE RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLINDED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CITRIS-AF STUDY

Catheter ablation is an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), but high levels of post-procedure inflammation predict adverse clinical events. Ascorbic acid (AA) has shown promise in reducing sterile inflammation but is untested in this population. Patients scheduled to undergo AF
Seed Germination of Two Provenances of Atlantic White-Cedar as Influenced by Stratification, Temperature, and Light

Abstract Seeds from two provenances (Wayne Co., NC, and Escambia Co., AL) of Atlantic white-cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P.] were stratified (moist-prechilled) for 0, 30, 60 or 90 days at 4C (39F). Following stratification, seeds were germinated at 25C (77F) or 8/16 hr thermoperiods of 25/15C (77/59F) or 30/20C (86/68F) with daily photoperiods at each temperature of total darkness, ½, 1,2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. Seed germination of the Alabama provenance was greater than the North Carolina provenance for all treatments. There were no significant differences in percentage germination between 25/15C (77/59F) and 30/20C (86/68F) for any durations of stratification for either provenance. Regardless of stratification, germination was lowest at 25C (77F) for both provenances. When nonstratified seeds from the North Carolina provenance were germinated at photoperiods ≤ 12 hr, total germination never exceeded 5%, indicating an obligate light requirement. On the other hand, an obligate light requirement was...
Association between Cervical Dysplasia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if cervical dysplasia during pregnancy is associated with pregnancy complications, including preterm delivery and pre-eclampsia. Study Design A retrospective cohort analyses was performed with propensity-score matching to compare complication rates between pregnant women without history of abnormal cervical cancer screening and pregnant women referred for cervical dysplasia assessment to colposcopy clinic. A composite outcome of pregnancy complications included intra-amniotic infection, preterm premature rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight, oligohydramnios, and intrauterine fetal demise. Complication rates were compared between women with and without cervical dysplasia using logistic regression models. Results Overall cohort included 2,814 women, 279 of whom attended colposcopy clinic for cervical dysplasia assessment. Propensity score–matched cohort included 1,459 women, 274 of whom attended colposcopy clinic. Composite complications of pregnancy rates were not significantly different between control and colposcopy groups in both cohorts (25.3% and 29.0%, P = 0.20; 26.5% and 29.3%, P = 0.45). Dysplasia was not associated with composite pregnancy complications in overall and matched cohorts (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–1.56) and (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.72–1.49). When cervical dysplasia was determined on biopsy or colposcopy, dysplasia was not associated with complications in the overall and matched cohorts. Conclusion Biopsy and/or colposcopy determined cervical dysplasia during pregnancy was not associated with pregnancy complications.
Coaching as a Catalyst for Leadership Development In Academic & Corporation Education

We invite teachers, coaches and managers to explore how the use of coaching can enhance the development of leaders in both academic and corporate education settings specifically focusing on strateg...
Evaluating the Accessibility of Special Education Cooperative Websites for Individuals with Disabilities.

Over the last twenty years, governments and a range of disability rights organizations have advocated for increased accessibility to educational materials and school documents for people with disabilities. Recently, several studies have shown that accessibility is still lacking among educational organizations and other government agencies. This study reviews the current accessibility requirements for schools under WCAG 2.0 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1998. It then provides an overview of the tools available to evaluate the compliance of materials both proactively and retrospectively. The study analyzes 24 special education cooperative websites to determine the accessibility of each for individuals with disabilities. The study found that only 25% of special education cooperatives currently meet the minimum levels of accessibility criteria. Recommendations for improving accessibility are included.
Developmental programming: Adipose depot-specific changes and thermogenic adipocyte distribution in the female sheep

Abstract Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep exhibit an enhanced inflammatory and oxidative stress state in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but not in the subcutaneous (SAT), while surprisingly maintaining insulin sensitivity in both depots. In adult sheep, adipose tissue is predominantly composed of white adipocytes which favor lipid storage. Brown/beige adipocytes that make up the brown adipose tissue (BAT) favor lipid utilization due to thermogenic uncoupled protein 1 expression and are interspersed amidst white adipocytes, more so in epicardiac (ECAT) and perirenal (PRAT) depots. The impact of prenatal T-treatment on ECAT and PRAT depots are unknown. As BAT imparts a metabolically healthy phenotype, the depot-specific impact of prenatal T-treatment on inflammation, oxidative stress, differentiation and insulin sensitivity could be dictated by the distribution of brown adipocytes. This hypothesis was tested by assessing markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, adipocyte differentiation, fibrosis and thermogenesis in adipose depots from control and prenatal T (100 mg T propionate twice a week from days 30–90 of gestation) -treated female sheep at 21 months of age. Our results show prenatal T-treatment induces depot-specific changes in inflammation, oxidative stress state, collagen accumulation, and differentiation with changes being more pronounced in the VAT. Prenatal T-treatment also increased thermogenic gene expression in all depots indicative of increased browning with effects being more prominent in VAT and SAT. Considering that inflammatory and oxidative stress are also elevated, the increased brown adipocyte distribution is likely a compensatory response to maintain insulin sensitivity and function of organs in the proximity of respective depots.