cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Silencing long non‑coding RNA NEAT1 suppresses the tumorigenesis of infantile hemangioma by competitively binding miR‑33a‑5p to stimulate HIF1α/NF‑κB pathway

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common vascular tumors that occurs during childhood, but its pathogenesis is currently not completely understood. Even though lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) plays vital roles in tumorigenesis of malignant tumors, its roles in IH remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluate the function of lncRNA NEAT1 in IH. Reverse transcription‑-quantitative PCR indicated that IH tissues exhibited high expression levels of NEAT1 and hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and low expression levels of the microRNA (miR)‑33a‑5p. Small interfering RNA‑mediated depletion of NEAT1 suppressed hemangioma endothelial cell (HemEC) proliferation, migration and invasion. The data suggested that NEAT1 positively regulated HIF1α expression by sponging miR‑33a‑5p in HemECs. miR‑33a‑5p overexpression or HIF1α silencing also acted to suppress HemEC proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, the results indicated that the NEAT1/miR‑33a‑5p/HIF1α axis regulated the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Collectively, the results revealed that depletion of lncRNA NEAT1 suppressed the tumorigenesis of IH by competitively binding miR‑33a‑5p and thereby stimulating the HIF1α/NF‑κB signaling pathway.
A model theoretic solution to a problem of László Fuchs

Abstract Problem 5.1 in page 181 of [7] asks to find the cardinals λ such that there is a universal abelian p-group for purity of cardinality λ, i.e., an abelian p-group U λ of cardinality λ such that every abelian p-group of cardinality ≤λ purely embeds in U λ . In this paper we use ideas from the theory of abstract elementary classes to show: Theorem 0.1. Let p be a prime number. If λ ℵ 0 = λ or ∀ μ λ ( μ ℵ 0 λ ) , then there is a universal abelian p-group for purity of cardinality λ. Moreover for n ≥ 2 , there is a universal abelian p-group for purity of cardinality ℵ n if and only if 2 ℵ 0 ≤ ℵ n . As the theory of abstract elementary classes has barely been used to tackle algebraic questions, an effort was made to introduce this theory from an algebraic perspective.
Impact of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Flow on Outcomes in Cardiogenic Shock.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is used to provide cardiopulmonary support in cardiogenic shock; however, high extracorporeal flow may increase left ventricular (LV) afterload leading to LV distention and intracardiac stasis. It is unclear how ECMO flow affects patient outcomes and complications related to ECMO. Retrospective review of patients at a single institution placed on VA ECMO from 2007 to 2018 was performed. Patients were divided into full flow (flow index > 2.2 L/min/m2) and partial flow (flow index < 2.2 L/min/m2) groups. In-hospital mortality and markers of end-organ perfusion were compared between groups balanced for risk factors using propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting. ECMO-related complications such as LV distention, limb ischemia, and bleeding were recorded. There were 488 patients included, 405 (83%) in the partial flow group, and 83 (17%) in the full flow group. No major differences in age, gender, or comorbidities were found. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between groups (51% vs. 55%, p = 0.59). At 72 hours post-ECMO initiation, there was no difference in the change in renal, hepatic function, or lactate from baseline nor in the rates of continuous venoveno hemofiltration initiation (p = 0.41). There was a trend towards the decreased incidence of LV distention requiring LV vent placement in the partial flow group (12% vs. 7%, p = 0.16). Compared with full flow VA ECMO, partial flow VA ECMO in carefully selected patients results in similar in-hospital mortality and provides similar end-organ perfusion for the treatment of refractory cardiogenic shock.
A Novel Protocol Designed to Treat Spastic Dysarthria Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Study

Introduction Spastic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder produced by bilateral damage to the activation pathways of the central nervous system. Its speech characteristics reflect the effects of h...
Dynamic Process Modeling Using Petri Nets with Applications to Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Management

Complex information systems are difficult to model and expensive to build. Numerous process modelling methodologies, such as action workflow, data flow diagrams, decision trees, entity relationship diagrams, process maps, role activity diagrams and role interaction nets, have been developed to provide high level abstraction of a system. Despite their huge popularity, these methodologies cannot depict and verify the dynamic requirements of a system. In this study, we use Petri Nets (PNs) for dynamic process modelling of the emergency management system at a nuclear power plant. Decision trees used prior to PNs at the plant were inadequate for modelling complex emergency processes exhibiting sequential execution, conflict, concurrency, synchronisation, merging, confusion, or prioritisation. PNs with their graphical and precise nature and their firm mathematical foundation are especially useful in reducing the number of false evacuations at the plant.
Impact of Steroids as Adjuvant Therapy in Acute Bacterial Infections of Childhood.

* Abbreviations: PPA — : parapharyngeal abscess RPA — : retropharyngeal abscess Two studies appearing in this edition of Pediatrics (Leszczynska et al1 and Goenka et al2) have queried the impact of corticosteroids as adjuvant therapy for orbital cellulitis and retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) and parapharyngeal abscess (PPA), conditions that have traditionally been treated with antibiotics, with or without surgical drainage, on outcome of treatment. The subsidiary question that is raised by the design used by each study is whether administrative databases, such as the Pediatric Health Information System, are a viable approach to answering these questions. The first consideration is the biological plausibility of using steroids as an adjuvant in any infectious disease and the clinical models that exist to suggest that steroids may be beneficial. The use of corticosteroids in patients with bacterial meningitis, including that caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is often cited as an example of the benefits of steroids in infection. The specific rationale for use of corticosteroids is its antiinflammatory effects, which may result in decreases of swelling and/or edema to facilitate drainage, perfusion, reduction in pain, and healing.3 However, the pharmacologic effects of steroids are myriad and complicated. Even in bacterial meningitis of childhood, the impact of steroids is variable; benefits (regarding diminution of hearing loss or improved survival) have been demonstrated for Haemophilus influenzae and M tuberculosis , although not for Listeria monocytogenes or Cryptococcus neoformans , reflecting the complexity of the antiinflammatory impact.3,4 The potential beneficial effect of a decrease in inflammation must be balanced against any impact such an effect might have on the … Address correspondence to Ellen R. Wald, MD, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792. E-mail: erwald{at}wisc.edu
Recent Amendments to Regulaiton K: An Analysis

At the end of 1988, the external debt of developing countries was approximately $420 billion.' United States banks own about twenty percent of this debt.' As of 1986, the total projected interest service for these countries through 1991 is expected to be $145.6 billion.' A recent analysis indicates that developing countries now receive less in combined aid each year from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund than they are paying in interest and principal on outstanding debt to the two organizations." Seven years after Mexico's finance minister announced its fiscal emergency, signaling the onset of the global debt crisis,5 the international financial crisis has hardly improved.6 This Comment will first look at the magnitude and implications of the debt crisis. It will then evaluate debt/equity swaps as a mechanism for reducing bank exposure in developing countries while encouraging
Mapping the intellectual structure of MIS, 1980-1985: a co-citation analysis

This study is the second of two studies which assess the intellectual development of MIS. The present study documents the current intellectual structure of MIS research based on an author co-citation analysis. Five invisible colleges, or informal clusters of research activity, were identified (foundations; psychological approaches to MIS design and use; MIS management; organizational approaches to MIS design and use; and curriculum). When contrasted with the earlier study, these results suggest that MIS has made significant progress toward a cumulative research tradition.
Analysis of the upstream regulatory region of a chicken skeletal myosin heavy chain gene.

Abstract The organization of the cis-acting regulatory elements of a chick myosin heavy chain gene has been investigated. The data show that a gene which is transcribed in vivo in the fast white embryonic musculature is also the major transcript expressed during myotube differentiation of primary myoblasts derived from 12-day embryonic chick leg muscles. The upstream region of this gene consists of 7500 base pairs, and we have tested the ability of these sequences to drive expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in developing primary muscle cultures. Deletion analyses of the upstream region show that negative regulatory elements are present within 2000 base pairs of the basal promoter elements, the CCAAT and TAATA boxes. Removal of these elements reveals the presence of a strong positive element located near the start site of transcription. Sequence analysis showed that the region also contains a sequence characteristic of an enhancer found in the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, ATGCAAAT, the "octa" element. Gel band-shift assays show that this octa sequence binds a transacting factor present in muscle nuclear extracts, although footprint analysis indicates a limited interaction. Transient assays carried out with a fragment in which the octa sequence has been mutated, with the subsequent abolition of protein binding, shows that the particular interaction probably plays a role in negatively modulating the action of the strong positive promoter element.
Ablation plasma ion implantation (APII) for deposition of metal coatings

Summary form only given, as follows. We present experimental results on a novel technique for deposition and implantation of metal coatings by means of ions generated by KrF laser ablation of metals. The pulse-biased substrate accelerates ablated ions. APII was initially demonstrated by implanting iron ions into silicon substrates at bias voltages up to negative 10 kV. Materials have been analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Results definitively show that ion implantation has occurred, consistent with a maximum effective ion energy of about 8 keV. The lower effective energy is due to voltage droop and limited penetration of the overlying Fe film. XPS performed during an argon ion etch shows a depth profile confirming Fe implantation and deposition on the Si substrate. APII ion bombardment amorphizes the deposited film. Plasma diagnostics include: dye-laser interferometry, optical emission spectroscopy, Langmuir probe and Faraday cup for species identification as well as electron and ion densities and temperatures. Most recently, research has concentrated on ion implantation and deposition of hard coatings over softer metals, e.g., Ti over Al. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) data show that the APII deposited Ti film is smoother than the baseline laser-deposited film. A substrate bias voltage of -4 kV is adequate for smoothing to occur on Ti films over 6061 alloy Al substrates.
Maximum versus Meaningful Discrimination in Scale Response: Implications for Validity of Measurement of Consumer Perceptions about Products

Abstract This paper argues for the use of the number of response categories that are meaningful to respondents as a criterion in designing attribute rating scales in marketing in contrast to a focus in past research on using scales to maximize the discrimination elicited from respondents. Whereas scales eliciting a maximum level of discrimination may be more reliable than scales eliciting a meaningful level of discrimination, the latter are argued to be more valid in measuring sameness and difference between brands that are meaningful to respondents. Specifically, a distinction is drawn in this paper between the maximum number of categories that consumers can discriminate between and the number of categories that are meaningful to them. The meaningful number of categories refers to the number of categories that individuals typically use in thinking about an attribute in such situations as making a choice or judgment. Thus, the unique perspective of consumer behavior with its central focus on phenomena such as product judgment and choice is incorporated into the measurement of consumers' perceptions about attributes. Several studies were conducted to test hypotheses generated on the basis of the notion of the meaningful number of categories. The first study used an open-ended method (i.e., a sorting task) to measure the number of categories that are meaningful to consumers for specific attributes. Using the results of the first study as a basis, two studies demonstrated the effect of the meaningful number of categories for an attribute on scale response such that fewer scale points were used to rate products on attributes with fewer meaningful numbers of categories. Another study showed that a scale with the meaningful number of categories might be more accurate than other scales in predicting sameness and difference between brands that are meaningful to consumers. The significance of using scales with a meaningful number of categories is in validly measuring differences between products that are meaningful to consumers.
PERTURBATION SERIES FOR CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS. II.

Using the Efimov-Fradkin perturbation series, we checked a Ward identity for a chiral-symmetric pion Lagrangian. There is no massless singularity in the time-ordered product to lowest order. We argue that this is a reflection of the violation of chiral invariance of the perturbation scheme, and it explains the nonzero mass found for the pion with this Lagrangian in an earlier paper.
Applying a family-ecosystemic model to reunite a family separated due to child abuse: A case study

Family reunification following the removal of a child due to child abuse is a challenging process. In this case study the authors demonstrate the success of a family-ecosystemic intervention for achieving the reintegration of an adolescent into her family following a court-imposed separation. The SET (Structural Ecosytems Therapy) model was used to: (1) repair family bonds, (2) build collaborations among the agencies involved in overseeing the child's welfare, and (3) build an alliance between the mother and agency personnel. This case study suggests that facilitating such collaborations can be helpful in the evaluation and follow-through of high risk cases.
Individual Justice or Collective Legal Mobilization? Employment Discrimination Litigation in the Post Civil Rights United States

This article analyzes the outcomes of employment discrimination lawsuits filed in federal court from 1988 to 2003. It goes beyond previous research by examining case filings rather than published opinions and by treating case outcome as a sequential variable. Our analysis is informed by four theoretical models: formal legal, rational action/economic, legal mobilization, and critical realist. We employ a discrete-time event-history model with random effects to estimate whether a case will end at a particular stage. We find that employment discrimination litigation consists overwhelmingly of individual cases, a majority of which end in a small settlement. The outcomes of cases are difficult to predict at the outset of litigation. Legal representation and collective legal mobilization have powerful effects on outcome, but collective legal mobilization is rare. These results are most consistent with the critical realist perspective. Our analysis suggests that employment discrimination litigation maintains law's jurisdiction over claims of workplace discrimination while not providing a significant remedy or an authoritative resolution in most cases.
Placental vascular responses to 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 in the near-term sheep.

Abstract 6-Keto-prostaglandin E 1 (6-keto-PGE 1 ) is a biologically active, stable metabolite of prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ). It has vasoactive properties similar to those of PGI 2 and it has been shown to decrease the resistance of the renal, mesenteric, and pulmonary vascular beds. PGI 2 is synthesized by the pregnant uterus and is vasoactive in the ovine placenta. The effects of 6-keto-PGE 1 on uterine and placental blood flow in pregnant ewes were determined for comparison with those of PGI 2 . Near-term ewes and their fetuses were chronically catheterized to permit the measurement of regional blood flow by the radioactive microsphere method. In six sheep a 5-minute maternal jugular infusion of 3.25 μg/kg/min of 6-keto-PGE 1 decreased mean arterial blood pressure from 89 ± 4.8 to 63 ± 7.1 mm Hg. Uterine vascular resistance decreased from 0.55 ± 0.11 to 0.35 ± 0.05 peripheral resistance units (PRU), but maternal cotyledonary resistance increased from 0.19 ± 0.04 to 0.27 ± 0.03 PRU. In five sheep a fetal intravenous infusion of 18 μg/min of 6-keto-PGE 1 decreased mean fetal blood pressure from 43 ± 2 to 29 ± 2 mm Hg. Cotyledonary vascular resistance increased from 0.30 ± 0.02 to 0.55 ± 0.09 PRU · kg −1 . In these sheep there were no significant changes in maternal uterine, renal, or cotyledonary blood flows. These results indicate that 6-keto-PGE 1 is similar to PGI 2 in that it produces maternal cotyledonary vasoconstriction, hypotension, and vasodilation in other organs.
Type Checking Systems Code

Our critical computing systems are coded in low-level, type-unsafe languages such as C, and it is unlikely that they will be re-coded in a high-level, type-safe language such as Java. This invited talk discusses some approaches that show promise in achieving type safety for legacy C code.
Dumbbell dipole model and its application in UXO discrimination

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) is one of the most promising techniques for UXO discrimination. Target discrimination is usually formulated as an inverse problem typically requiring fast forward models for efficiency. The most successful and widely applied EMI forward model is the simple dipole model, which works well for simple objects when the observation points are not close to the target. For complicated cases, a single dipole is not sufficient and a number of dipoles (displaced dipoles) has been suggested. However, once more than one dipole is needed, it is difficult to infer a unique set of model parameters from measurement data, which is usually limited. Inspired by the displaced dipole model, we developed the dumbbell dipole model, which consists of a special combination of dipoles. We placed a center dipole and two anti-symmetric side dipoles on the target axis. The center dipole functions like the traditional single dipole model and the two side dipoles provide the non-symmetric response of the target. When the distance between dipoles is small, this model is essentially a dipole plus a quadrupole. The advantage of the dumbbell model is that the model parameters can be inferred more easily from measurement data. The center dipole represents the main response of the target, the side dipoles act as additional backup in case a simple dipole is not sufficient. Regularization terms are applied so that the dumbbell dipole model automatically reduces to the simple dipole model in degenerate cases. Preliminary test shows that the dumbbell model can fit the measurement data better than the simple dipole model, and the inferred model parameters are unique for a given UXO. This suggests that the model parameters can be used as a discriminator for UXO. In this paper the dumbbell dipole model is introduced and its performance is compared with that of both the simple dipole model and the displaced dipole model.
Millimeter-wave imaging of thermal and chemical signatures.

Development of a passive millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system is described for remotely mapping thermal and chemical signatures of process effluents with application to arms control and nonproliferation. Because a large amount of heat is usually dissipated in the air or waterway as a by-product of most weapons of mass destruction facilities, remote thermal mapping may be used to detect concealed or open facilities of weapons of mass destruction. We have developed a focal-plane mm-wave imaging system to investigate the potential of thermal mapping. Results of mm-wave images obtained with a 160-GHz radiometer system are presented for different target scenes simulated in the laboratory. Chemical and nuclear facilities may be identified by remotely measuring molecular signatures of airborne molecules emitted from these facilities. We have developed a filterbank radiometer to investigate the potential of passive spectral measurements. Proof of principle is presented by measuring the HDO spectral line at 80.6 GHz with a 4-channel 77-83 GHz radiometer.
A statistical investigation of the in vivo biomechanical properties of the human shoulder complex

Utilization of the multi-segmented total-human-body models in the simulation of human response to external forces provides an essential input for the injury prediction criteria as well as subsequent design and development of crash protection systems. The effectiveness of these models to accurately predict live-human response depends heavily on the proper biomechanical description of the major articulating joints. In a research effort to obtain in vivo joint property data, the senior author and his associates have developed a data collection methodology by means of sonic emitters. This paper presents a statistical investigation on the kinematics of and passive resistive properties beyond the maximal voluntary sinus of the human shoulder complex for the male population of ages 18-32. Ten subjects were randomly chosen to form the sample. Furthermore, to the knowledge of the authors this paper, for the first time, deals with the subtle arguments related to the choice of a subject-based local joint axis system or a statistically determined sample mean joint axis system to present the data in the most appropriate fashion. The statistical results are obtained in a compact manner so that the results can be easily incorporated into existing mathematical multi-segmented models of the total human body. Finally, the ultimate overall performance of the data acquisition system and efficacy of the associated data analysis technique are manifested by the good repeatability of the sample means and sample standard deviations from three kinematic test runs made on the same sample.
Species discovery versus species identification in DNA barcoding efforts: response to Rubinoff.

Rubinoff’s (2006) essay in Conservation Biology raises some important issues relevant to the DNA barcoding initiative. Some of these issues are valid, others have been discussed recently in the DNA barcoding literature (Blaxter & Floyd 2003; Sperling 2003; Hebert et al. 2004; Moritz & Cicero 2004; Ebach & Holdrege 2005), and still others can be addressed by looking at DNA barcoding in a different light (DeSalle et al. 2005). Because papers in the DNA barcoding literature suggest that conservation biology is one of the major fields that will benefit from DNA barcoding, Rubinoff correctly argues that examining the validity of this claim is necessary.
Learning under competitive and collaborative sets

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the relative effects of competitive and collaborative instructions on the rate of learning. The apparatus was a bolthead maze, the subjects were college students. With a counterbalanced design, members of sixteen dyads alternately competed and collaborated in learning the maze. Each member had four dyadic and two postdyadic trials. The learning rate was significantly more rapid under the instructions to collaborate than under the instructions to compete, and this superior effect of collaboration continued into the postdyadic or solitary trials. The effect of collaboration was evidently a function of ability differences within dyads and personality variables. Members of inferior learning ability generally benefited much more from collaboration than did members of superior learning ability. Junior members of dyads benefited somewhat more than senior members, but only in the early trials. More than two-thirds of the subjects reported the collaborative situation as being more pleasant than the competitive situation. The results are discussed in relation to reinforcement, cognitive, and personality variables. Implications for education are discussed briefly.
Effects of pyrazolopyridines and a triazolopyridazine on the pentobarbital discriminative stimulus.

Rats were trained to discriminate injections of racemic pentobarbital (5.0 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. After stable discrimination performance was attained, stimulus generalization studies were conducted with another barbiturate (barbital), benzodiazepine derivatives (diazepam and chlordiazepoxide), pyrazolopyridine derivatives (etazolate, cartazolate, and tracazolate), and a triazolopyridazine (CL 218, 872). The pentobarbital stimulus generalized to all of these compounds, except cartazolate. In addition, the administration of the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazepil prior to benzodiazepine or triazolopyridazine administration produced a dose-related antagonism of each generalization. In contrast, the administration of flumazepil before barbiturate or pyrazolopyridine (i.e., etazolate or tracazolate) injection resulted in no attenuation of these generalizations. The results indicate that while certain barbiturates, benzodiazepines, pyrazolopyridines, and triazolopyridazines are capable of producing similar stimulus effects, the behavioral actions of these agents can be differentiated on the basis of their susceptibility to antagonism by flumazepil.
Doping Dependence of Electronic and Mechanical Properties of GaSe 1−x Te x and Ga 1−x In x Se from First Principles

The electronic and mechanical properties of the hexagonal, layered GaSe doped with Te and In have been studied using first-principles pseudopotential method within density-functional theory. The calculated elastic constants of the end compounds GaSe and InSe compare well with the available experimental and theoretical values. As we go from GaSe to InSe, the elastic constants ${\text{C}}_{13}$, ${\text{C}}_{33}$, and ${\text{C}}_{44}$ increase while ${\text{C}}_{11}$ and ${\text{C}}_{12}$ decrease, suggesting that the crystal becomes stiffer in the direction perpendicular to the atomic layers and the softer in the direction parallel to the layers, as more substitutional In is incorporated in GaSe. The electronic structure and the formation energies of several defects and simple defect complexes are discussed and the calculated charge transition levels are compared to available experimental data. We demonstrate that In doping may play an important role in the observed enhancement in the structural properties of GaSe. Depending on the Fermi energy, In can either substitute for Ga $({\text{In}}_{\text{Ga}})$ or occupy an interstitial position as a triply charged defect $({\text{In}}_{i}^{3+})$. While the substitutional In does not change significantly the electronic and mechanical properties of the host, we find that the shear stiffness of GaSe is considerably increased when In is incorporated as charged interstitial impurity.
The social psychology of status leveling in organizational contexts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the programs of status leveling – such as through the elimination of executive washrooms, reserved parking, and so forth – are a taken‐for‐granted feature of many workplace involvement and quality improvement programs, yet no prior research has investigated the presumed effects.Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper enumerates devices commonly used to level status in organizations, and presents a number of propositions intended to capture the major effects. The paper draws on extant literatures from social psychology, sociology, and organizational theory to account for processes and effects of leveling.Findings – Leveling devices lead to several proximate outcomes: increased cross‐status interaction and contact, literal blurring of status, role flexibility, and low power distance perceptions. These in turn mediate the relation between leveling and several broader organizational outcomes, including distributive justice based upon equality, com...
Durations and intervals of normal heart sounds in man

Abstract The duration of the heart sounds, the Q-I interval, and the intervals between sounds, as well as between their components, were studied in 23 normal subjects. The study was made with new calibrated equipment which records displacement, velocity, and acceleration tracings, and which contains provisions for the application of different filters. The data obtained will serve for evaluation of those found in clinical cases.
Closed-loop flow control in resin transfer molding using real-time numerical process simulations

Real-time feedback control of resin flow through a fibrous preform during the mold-filling step of resin transfer molding offers an effective means of eliminating fill-related defects in the composite products. Process simulation models have played an indirect role in the control, either through off-line determination of the control parameters to be used during the process, or in the training of artificial neural networks that act as proxy simulators online with the process. This paper explores, for the first time, the use of on-the-fly finite-difference-based numerical solution of the partial differential equations governing the mold filling process, in a closed-loop flow control. The numerical simulations are used to forecast system response in real-time, in order to determine the best combination of flow rates at the injection ports so as to steer the flow through a target schedule during the process. The performance of the controller implemented on a lab-scale resin transfer molding process is demonstrated on several preform configurations and desired fill patterns. The study paves the way for better utilization of the advances in process modeling and computational infrastructure toward an effective bridging of the science and practice of composites processing.
Long-Term Structure of Fish Populations in Sagehen Creek, California

Abstract Sagehen Creek, California has been a site for long-term study of fish populations since 1952. Samples from permanent study sections were taken in late August 1982 and 1983 in order to determine the current status of species composition and abundance. The first study from 1952 to 1961 used a method that diverted a portion of stream and pumped out remaining pools to census populations at 10 sections over the 21 km of stream. A second study in 1970–1972 used electrofishing over a reach of stream covering the two downstream sections upstream from a newly created reservoir. In 1982, the remaining nine study sections were sampled by electrofishing; in 1983, the most downstream two sections were sampled again. Channel cross sections showed little evidence of scour or fill in the past 4–16 years. In 1982, no fish were collected at the most upstream section. This section formerly (1952–1961) contained an abundant population of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. A sequence of drought years probably elimina...
The Clinical and Laboratory Spectrum of Hb C [β6(A3)Glu→Lys, GAG>AAG] Disease

Newborn screening (NBS) provides early diagnosis of sickle hemoglobinopathies. After Hb S [β6(A3)Glu→Val, GAG>GTG], Hb C [β6(A3)Glu→Lys, GAG>AAG] is the most common hemoglobin (Hb) abnormality identified in the United States (1,2). Published data regarding children with Hb C disease are limited. This study was conducted to summarize a single institution's clinical and laboratory data for patients with Hb C disease, specifically homozygous Hb CC and its variants over a 10-year period. Forty-seven patients, whose mean age at diagnosis was 2.9 years (range 0.04 to 23 years), were identified. Twenty-nine had Hb CC and the remainder had compound heterozygous variants [10 Hb C/β(+)-thalassemia (β(+)-thal), four Hb C/β(0)-thal, and one each with Hb C/Hb Hope or β136(H14)Gly→Asp (GGT>GAT), Hb C/Hb Lepore (a hybrid δβ-globin gene), Hb C/HPFH (hereditary persistence of fetal Hb) [probably a (G)γ HPFH-2 (the Ghanaian type)], and Hb C/Osu-Christiansborg or β52(D3)Asp→Asn (GAT>AAT)]. All patients had mild microcytic anemia with reticulocytosis and frequent target cells on peripheral smear. Splenomegaly or cholelithiasis occurred in 2.6% of patients 8 years of age. No patient had serious infections or painful events resembling vasoocclusion. Accurate diagnosis and understanding of Hb C-related disorders helped to avoid confusion with sickle hemoglobinopathies and aided in proper clinical management.
Claiming Forgotten Leadership

This article presents examples and research findings that contradict the typical stereotypes of Latina leadership. The idea that Latina superintendents are atypical of their ethnicity and gender is...
Free radical reactions at the Ru(0 0 0 1) surface: Atomic oxygen and dissociated NH3

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the effect of atomic oxygen on Ru(0 0 0 1), and the effect of dissociated ammonia on RuO2/Ru(0 0 0 1), in UHV conditions at ambient temperature. The Ru(0 0 0 1) surface was exposed, at ambient temperature, to a mixed flux of atomic and molecular oxygen generated by dissociation of O2 in a thermal catalytic cracker, with ∼45% dissociation efficiency. The detailed study of the XPS spectra shows the formation of a disordered multilayer oxide (RuO2). No formation of higher oxides of Ru was observed. The formation of RuO2 proceeded without saturation for total oxygen exposures of up to 105 Langmuir, at which point an average oxide thickness of 68 A was observed. RuO2 formed by the reaction with atomic oxygen was exposed to a flux of NHx (x = 1, 2) + H generated by the cracker. The reduction of RuO2 to Ru metal was observed by XPS. An exposure of 3.6 × 102 L of NHx + H, resulted in the observation of adsorbed H2O and OH, but no evidence of lattice oxide. The chemisorbed species were removed by additional NHx + H exposure. No nitrogen adsorption was observed.
Evaluation of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men: Is it chronic prostatitis?

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is not well understood. The mechanisms involved in its pathophysiology have yet to be fully elucidated. Men with CP/CPPS suffer from symptoms that may not necessarily be linked to concurrent prostate involvement. Recent literature embraces the notion that symptoms may result from complex interactions, and studies have looked at other disease syndromes in an attempt to reveal the etiology of the disease. The title of this article suggests an organcentric etiology to explain symptoms of patients with this disorder, but this does not seem to be the case. In an attempt to answer the question, this article examines possible etiologies for CP/CPPS in which the prostate may be involved and discusses evaluation strategies for patients with CP/CPPS. It seems, however, that instead of limiting our focus to the prostate, a multisystem approach to discovery and symptom control would further improve patient care.
Does activation of the blood coagulation cascade have a role in malaria pathogenesis

Plasmodium falciparum infection is often associated with a procoagulant state. Recent identification of tissue factor in the brain endothelium of patients who have died from cerebral malaria casts new light on our understanding of the coagulation disorder found in P. falciparum infection. It has also been revealed that parasitized red blood cells support the assembly of multimolecular coagulation complexes. Tissue factor expression by the endothelium and amplification of the coagulation cascade by parasitized red blood cells and/or activated platelets (particularly at sequestration sites) have crucial roles in mounting and sustaining a coagulation-inflammation cycle which contributes to organ dysfunction and coma in falciparum malaria.
Geochemical Interpretations of Groundwater Flow Systems

. Interest in the geochemistry of groundwater is increasing owing to the great number of current projects involving underground liquid waste storage, artificial recharge of potable water, accidental contamination of groundwater bodies, sanitary landfills, and pollution monitoring. Geochemical techniques used to facilitate the understanding of a groundwater system range from extremely simple to those requiring sophisticated theories, equipment, and procedures. An interpretation of the simple trilinear diagram for samples collected from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico provided evidence that the fresh-water body was only a few tens of meters thick and was underlain everywhere by an extensive body of salt water. A geochemical technique that has been used effectively to identify the source of salt water in coastal aquifers is measurement of the carbon-14 concentrations. Carbon-14 has been used in a regional carbonate aquifer to determine the velocity of groundwater movement, rates of chemical reactions, and distribution of hydraulic conductivity. The application of principles of irreversible thermodynamics to groundwater systems provides a basis for constructing models which permit prediction, over both time and space, of changes in head distribution and chemical character of the water resulting from imposed stresses on the system. In essence, proper application of irreversible thermodynamics combines the potential theory of Hubbert with principles of reversible chemical thermodynamics, such as solution of carbonate minerals, to describe and explain controlling chemical reactions and processes of groundwater systems.
Disseminating the HIV Fusion Mechanism: gp41 Structural Details in Membranes

Membrane fusion is the initial step of HIV infection, and is carried out by the viral gp41 protein through direct interaction with target cells at physiologic pH and conformational change. The N-terminal fusion peptide (FP) region of gp41 is involved in both target membrane insertion and perturbation, and its trimeric assembly and depth of membrane insertion have been correlated with fusion fitness. Key gp41 fusion conformations include early and late, and are characterized by trimeric coiled-coil and low energy six-helix bundle structure, respectively. Recent findings point to early gp41 as fusion active, with late gp41 involved in membrane bilayer stabilization. We present solid-state NMR structural analysis of constructs modeling early and late gp41 fusion conformations in membranes which suggests that specific FP structure is not correlated with gp41 fusion action or inaction, and that fusion arrest may be due to withdrawal of the FP from membranes for the late gp41 six-helix bundle conformation. Specifically, we observe populations of helical and β-sheet FP structure for both early and late gp41. β-sheet FP structure in early and late gp41 is predominant and analogous to structure observed in minimal FP fragments, with antiparallel strand arrangement crossing at approximately Leucine-7. Helical structure in coiled-coil and six-helix bundle regions is preserved upon membrane interaction, and induces partial helical structure in downstream FP for early and late gp41, respectively. FP structure is sensitive to membrane cholesterol only in early fusion active gp41, which suggests FP insertion into membranes as shown for minimal FP fragments, and lack of FP insertion for late, fusion inactive gp41. Additional solid-state NMR findings are presented examining the membrane location of the gp41 apolar FP region. Our structural analysis provides new insight into the mechanism of membrane fusion induced by HIV gp41.
CO2 degassing along the San Andreas Fault, Parkfield, California

The fluxes, concentrations, and carbon isotopic compositions of soil CO2 were measured along the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault (SAF). Single or double-peak CO2 flux anomalies (> 18 g m−2 d−1) were observed along 12 of 16 fault-crossing transects at five sites. Flux anomalies did not coincide with concentration anomalies. Flux anomalies paralleled the fault trace, suggesting zones of high diffusivity/permeability. One flux anomaly may have been accentuated by a 0.3 mm creep event. However, values of δ13C (-23.7 to -21.6 ‰) and 14C (110.5 to 111.9 pmC) for soil gas CO2 are characteristic of CO2 of biogenic origin. The CO2 flux anomalies are therefore consistent with fault-related biogenic gas flow and do not yield evidence for degassing of deeply derived CO2.
COMPLICATIONS OF IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC-DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with significant changes in the right heart. The safety of performing Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) implantation in these patients is not well evaluated. We performed a retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients who had a clinical diagnosis of
Modeling Item-Level Data With Item Response Theory:

ficult questions. Ideally, the two camps should have much cross fertilization, and the lines between them should be blurred. However, complex theories are often con structed before appropriate meth ods are developed for testing the hypotheses. Additionally, quanti tative psychologists often develop techniques that might be difficult and impractical to apply initially to real-data problems. These novel techniques need to be refined through robustness studies and analytical work before they can be used with real-world data. A psy chometric framework called item response theory (IRT) has under gone such prudent testing and re finement and is now ready to be implemented into the mainstream of psychological research and prac tice. IRT has already had a major impact on educational testing through its impact on computer ized adaptive testing (CAT). The precision of IRT-based item statis tics allows computerized testing programs to choose items that pro vide maximum psychometric in formation for an individual exam
Renaming the Journal: Viability of the Psychodynamic Metaphor

The recent change in the name of the Academy's Journal reflects the bold recognition of a new era in our field. The decision also recognizes increasing scientific focus on the importance of relationship and mind, and emphasizes the need for further innovation in our basic assumptions. Similar challenges face competing publications. With ideas, as with individuals, strength and flexibility will be vital to preserve progress, which is already resonating with developments in sociological, historical, and economic spheres.
Using social tags to infer context in hybrid music recommendation

Contextual factors can greatly influence users' decisions in selecting items, such as songs when listening to music. The goal of a context-aware recommender system is to adapt its recommendations not just to the general preferences of users, but also to the context in which users are seeking those recommendations. In the domain of music recommendation, the explicit contextual factors and their values might not be known to the system, a priori. Moreover, the contextual state of a user can be dynamic and change during an interaction with the system. In this paper, we present a hybrid context-aware recommender system which infers contextual information from the sequence of songs listened to or specified by a user and uses this information to produce context-aware recommendations. Our system mines popular tags for songs from social media Web sites and uses a topic modeling approach to learn latent topics representing various contexts. We then model each song as a set of latent topics capturing the general characteristics of that song. This representation is used to track and detect changes in user's choice of music, as reflected in a playlist of song sequence, and adjust the recommendations to better meet the current context of the user. Using our approach, the contextual information can be integrated with any traditional recommendation algorithm to produce context-aware recommendations. For our system, we designed and evaluated two hybrid methods. The first hybrid combines collaborative filtering and content-based recommendation techniques, and the second hybrid additionally incorporates information about pairwise song associations. Our evaluation results show that both the hybrid approach and the contextualization can enhance the performance of baseline music recommendation method.
Inertial Embedded Fronts

Abstract Many recent observations have described fronts in the interior of the ocean at locations far away from any lateral boundaries. Some of these fronts are observed to be associated with considerable mass transports, which suggests that they participate importantly in setting the water mass structure of the ocean interior, and represent considerable local departures from linear Sverdrup dynamics. In this paper, a simple analytic theory of interior fronts is developed. The main features of this theory are that the fronts are highly inertial and anisotropic, and reside on the edge of a somewhat larger scale interior inertial recirculation. The recirculation is taken to be modonlike; the dynamic height difference across the edge of the recirculation supports an interior jet, which is clockwise around the edge of the recirculation and carries water from the subpolar into the subtropical gyre. Unlike in previous theories of interior fronts, all of the transports, both in the large-scale and the fronts, ar...
Situation assessment and decision making for lane change assistance using ensemble learning methods

Lane change assistance system was developed using ensemble learning methods.Proposed system has potential to prevent lane change crashes and thus reducing injuries and fatalities.Random forest and AdaBoost outperformed Bayes/Decision tree classifier.Higher classification accuracy and lower false positive rates achieved.Accuracies of 99.1% and 98.7% were achieved for lane keeping. Lane change maneuvers contribute to a significant number of road traffic accidents. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that can assess a traffic situation and warn drivers of unsafe lane changes can offer additional safety and convenience. In addition, ADAS can be extended for use in automatic lane changing in driverless vehicles. This paper investigated two ensemble learning methods, random forest, and AdaBoost, for developing a lane change assistance system. The focus on increasing the accuracy of safety critical lane change events has a significant impact on lowering the occurrence of crashes. This is the first study to explore ensemble learning methods for modeling lane changes using a comprehensive set of variables. Detailed vehicle trajectory data from the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) dataset in the US were used for model development and testing. The results showed that both ensemble learning methods produced higher classification accuracy and lower false positive rates than the Bayes/Decision tree classifier used in the literature. The impact of misclassification of lane changing events was also studied. A sensitivity analysis performed by varying the accuracy of lane changing showed that the lane keeping accuracy can be increased to as high as 99.1% for the AdaBoost system and 98.7% for the random forest system. The corresponding true positive rates were 96.3% and 94.6%. High accuracy of lane keeping and high true positive rates are desirable due to their safety implications.