cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thruster Attitude Control System Design and Performance for Tactical Satellite 4 Maneuvers

During the initial mission operation, the perigee altitude of the Tactical Satellite 4’s highly elliptical orbit was raised from 185 to 700 km through several delta-V maneuvers. Tactical Satellite 4 employs two deployable solar arrays that have structural bending modes less than 1 Hz. It was a concern that the interaction between the off modulation of the thruster control system and the structural modes during the delta-V maneuvers may cause undesirable high-frequency short pulse firings (thruster chattering), control performance degradation, and even structural damage to the solar arrays, if left unabated. The phase-plane controller for the thruster attitude control system was designed to abate these undesirable effects by employing hysteresis in the switching lines. The hysteresis was proven to be effective in addressing these concerns. This paper describes in detail the thruster pointing control system and its performance achieved on orbit, based on the telemetry data collected during delta-V maneuvers...
A note on modal logic and possibility theory

Abstract There are two theories in which the concept of possibility plays an important role—modal logic and possibility theory. The roles are different, and so are the agendas of modal logic and possibility theory. To gain an insight into the differences, a very simple model of modal logic is constructed. The model has the structure of a finite-state system, referred to as the FS-model. The FS-model may be viewed as a simple interpretation of Kripke model—an interpretation which is easy to understand. The FS-model is in the spirit of graph models of modal logic. The FS-model readily lends itself to generalization. Concrete versions of the FS-model serve as examples.
Transition Metal Halide Salts of 2-Amino-5-Substituted-Pyridines: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Two Polymorphs of (5-IAP)2CuCl4[5-IAP = 2-Amino-5-Iodopyridinium]

The reaction of anhydrous CuCl2 with HCl and 2-amino-5-iodopyridine in 1-propanol resulted in two polymorphs of (5-IAP)2[CuCl4] [5-IAP = 2-amino-5-iodopyridinium], one as red rods (1) and one as orange prisms (2). The two polymorphs have been characterized by single crystal x-ray diffraction and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility. Crystal data: triclinic, P-1, F(000) = 606, MoK α (λ = 0.71073 A): for (1): a = 9.248(6), b = 10.202(7), c = 10.368(7) A, α = 102.451(9), β = 96.662(8), γ = 96.725(8)°, V = 938.4(11) A, Z = 2, Dcalc = 2.291 Mg/m3, μ = 5.020 mm−1, R = 0.0392 for [|I|≥2σ(I)]. For (2): a = 8.966(2), b = 10.755(2), c = 11.359(2) A, α = 89.63(3), β = 68.04(3), γ = 69.07(3)°, V = 938.6(3) A, Z = 2, D calc = 2.291 Mg/m3 , μ = 5.019 mm−1 , R = 0.0217 for [|I|≥2σ(I)]. The crystal packing for both polymorphs suggests that their magnetic behavior should be that of weakly interacting alternating linear chains. Temperature dependent susceptibility measurements yield: for 1 , C =...
Splicing Life, with Scalpel and Scythe

R ecently two national reports have tried in a preliminary way to grapple with the congeries of social and moral issues attached to "genetic engineering." One is "Splicing Life: A Report on the Social and Ethical Issues of Genetic Engineering with Human Beings," the 115-page work of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The
The syntheses and structures of bis(alkylimino)isoindolines

Abstract In this Letter, we present a synthetic and structural study into bis-imino substituted diiminoisoindolines, which can be synthesized either via CaCl2 mediated reaction of phthalonitrile with primary amines, or via direct reaction of these amines with unsubstituted diiminoisoindoline. The preferred synthesis does depend on the methodology, and in two cases singly substituted adducts were formed. The single crystal X-ray structures show that, with the exception of the bis-naphthyl compound, the anti conformation is preferred, and that the ionizable hydrogen atom resides on an exocyclic nitrogen rather than the central isoindoline nitrogen atom.
Tungsten‐platinum alloy Schottky barriers on n‐type GaAs

Alloys of tungsten and platinum were studied as a Schottky contact material on n‐type GaAs. Schottky barrier heights for two alloy compositions, W50Pt50 and W80Pt20, were measured by current‐voltage, capacitance‐voltage, and photoresponse techniques of the barrier heights. The values of the barrier heights from the latter two techniques were 0.90±0.02 eV and did not change with annealing at 350 °C for 20 h. However, the value from the I‐V technique changed from about 0.6 to 0.7 eV upon annealing. The W50Pt50 alloy was found to be more stable than the W80Pt20 alloy on GaAs.
A modified motion mapping method for haptic device based space teleoperation

This paper presents a modified master-slave motion mapping method for space teleoperation using haptic device with limited workspace. The method combines rate control and a variable scaled position mapping to realize accurate and efficient teleoperation. Haptic feedback in these two mapping modes is designed with emphasis on ergonomics to improve immersion of teleoperation. A dead zone is defined in master side to guarantee system stability when mode switches. We illustrate our method on teleoperation path tracking and target positioning tasks and compare the results with two widely used methods: rate control and scaled position mapping. The comparison experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid motion mapping method is the most efficient method for path tracking and the most accurate one for target positioning.
Cholecystokinin activates catecholaminergic neurons in the caudal medulla that innervate the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats

Stimulation of gastric vagal afferents by systemic administration of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK) inhibits gastric motility, reduces food intake, and stimulates pituitary secretion of oxytocin and adrenocorticotropic hormone in rats. To characterize further the central neural circuits responsible for these effects, the present study used triple-labeling immunocytochemical methods to determine whether or not exogenous CCK activates cFos expression in catecholaminergic neurons in the caudal medulla that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). To identify these neurons, the retrograde tracer fluorogold (FG) was iontophoresed into the PVN of anesthetized rats under stereotaxic guidance. After 2 weeks, rats were injected with CCK (100 micrograms/kg, i.p.) and then anesthetized and killed 1 hour later by perfusion fixation. Medullary sections were processed for triple immunocytochemical localization of cFos, retrogradely transported FG, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In rats with FG injections centered in the PVN (n = 10), approximately 70% of the FG-labeled neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) expressed cFos. Of these activated PVN-projecting neurons, approximately 78% in the NST and 89% in the VLM were catecholaminergic (TH positive). These results indicate that PVN-projecting catecholaminergic neurons within the caudal medulla are activated by peripheral administration of CCK, further implicating these ascending catecholaminergic pathways in the neuroendocrine, physiological, and behavioral effects produced by gastric vagal stimulation.
Temperature Regulation in the Bumblebee Bombus vagans: A Field Study

Bombus vagans forages for nectar at 5 degrees C in shade and at 31 degrees C in sunshine. The production of heat while the bumblebee is on flowers, at ambient temperatures below 24 degrees C, helps to maintain a thoracic temperature that is near the minimum for flight between flowers. However, at ambient temperatures above 24 degrees C the thoracic temperature is no longer regulated at 32 degrees to 33 degrees C and rises.
“Don't Kill Your Baby”: Feeding Infants in Chicago, 1903—1924

Au debut du XX e siecle, la mortalite infantile est tres elevee a Chicago, essentiellement due a une deshydratation provoquee par des diarrhees car les meres ne nourissent pas toujours leurs enfants avec du lait maternel
Using regression-match graphs to control search in planning

Abstract Classical planning is the problem of finding a sequence of actions to achieve a goal given an exact characterization of a domain. An algorithm to solve this problem is presented, which searches a space of plan prefixes, trying to extend one of them to a complete sequence of actions. It is guided by a heuristic estimator based on regression-match graphs, which attempt to characterize the entire subgoal structure of the remaining part of the problem. These graphs simplify the structure by neglecting goal interactions and by assuming that variables in goal conjunctions should be bound in such a way as to make as many conjuncts as possible true without further work. In some domains, these approximations work very well, and experiments show that many classical planning problems can be solved with very little search.
The Ultraviolet Reflectivity of Jupiter at 3.5 Å Resolution from Astro-1 and Astro-2

The reflectivity of Jupiter in the wavelength band from 1450 to 1850 A at 3.5 A resolution has been determined from measurements of Jovian equatorial spectra obtained by the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope, which was flown on the Space Shuttle Columbia during the 1990 December Astro-1 mission and then on the Endeavour during the 1995 March Astro-2 mission. Good model fits to the data were obtained with only three hydrocarbon absorbers and an electron-impacted H2 dayglow source. Small changes (~10%) in the reflectivity at the limit of the mission-to-mission instrument calibrations were observed; these resulted in somewhat different hydrocarbon abundances in 1990 and 1995. We have determined that the abundances of acetylene, ethane, and ethylene were 39 ± 3 ppb, 3 ± 1 ppm, and less than 0.4 ppb, respectively, in 1990, and 28 ± 3 ppb, 3 ± 1 ppm, and 0.4 ± 0.2 ppb in 1995. These mixing ratios are consistent with results from recent IUE spectra at lower resolution. The integrated (1450-1850 A) contribution of the H2 dayglow was 800 ± 400 R in 1990 and less than 400 R in 1995, which was a period spanning solar maximum and solar minimum.
Hip arthroscopy using a limited anterior exposure: an alternative approach for arthroscopic access.

Abstract Summary: Hip arthroscopy is a technically difficult procedure to perform. A limited anterior approach to the joint has made hip arthroscopy technically less difficult in our hands and has enabled us to treat a wide range of hip pathology. Five hip arthroscopies were performed using a modified 4-cm Smith-Petersen anterior approach to the hip exposing the joint capsule as manual traction is applied. The arthroscope is then easily introduced making visualization of the hip joint possible. The 5 hip arthroscopies resulted in either removal of loose bodies or debridement of an osteochondral fragment, synovitis, or cartilaginous debris. There were no complications postoperatively. We believe that hip arthroscopy through a limited anterior approach provides an easy and safe alternative method for arthroscopic access to the hip joint. Importantly, there is a decreased risk of neurovascular trauma and iatrogenic damage to the articular cartilage and acetabular labrum when introducing instruments into the hip joint. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 16, No 1 (January-February), 2000: pp 16–20
Inheritance of Resistance to Race 4 of Sunflower Downy Mildew in Wild Sunflower Accessions

Race 4 of sunflower downy mildew (SDM), Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Beri. & De Toni in Sacc. was identified in 1985, and currently is prevalent worldwide. Our objectives were to (i) determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to Race 4 (SDM-4) of P. halstedii in wild Helianthus annuus L. accessions PI 413047, PI 413131, PI 413157, and PI 413161, and (ii) study allelic relations of resistance genes in these accessions and SDM-4 resistance in line HA 336. Seedlings were classed as resistant (R) or susceptible (S) based on detection of the pathogen on cotyledonary or true leaves (.)
Rates of peptide bond hydrolysis by cobalt(III) complexes: observation by rate of amino acid release

Abstract The rates of hydrolysis of eleven dipeptides (Gly-Gly; Gly- l -Leu; Gly- d,l -Val; Gly- l -Phe: d,l -Leu-Gly; l -Leu- l -Tyr; l -Pro- l -Tyr; l -Ala- l -Phe; l -Val-Gly; l -Val- l -Ile; l -Ile- l -Val) by cis-β-Co(trien)(OH)(H2O)2+ under pseudo first order conditions (excess Co(III)) are reported. The rates are determined by the rate of amino acid release by liquid chromatography. The range of rates observed for the eleven dipeptides is 10.1. Two of the dipeptides are hydrolyzed more rapidly than Gly-Gly, the remaining six more slowly. Phosphate does not have any significant effect on the rate of peptide hydrolysis. Aquohydroxy-1,8-diamino-3,6-dithiaoctanecobalt(III)2+ did not hydrolyze Gly-Gly at 25°, pH8, and aquohydroxy-1,6-bis-(α-pyridyl)-2,5-diazahexanecobalt(III)2+ did not hydrolyze Gly-Gly at 65°, pH 8, to any significant extent.
Lateral inhibition during vulval induction in Caenorhabditis elegans

During Caenorhabditis elegans vulval induction the anchor cell of the gonad specifies a spatial pattern of three cell types among a set of six multipotent epidermal cells, the vulval precursor cells (VPCs). Previous studies suggested that the anchor cell produces a graded inductive signal which can directly stimulate VPCs away from a ground state (type 3) to become type 1 or type 2 depending on their distance from the anchor cell. Here, we investigate the interactions among VPCs in a mutant, lin-15, in which VPC fates are rendered partially independent of the inductive signal, and show that type 1 cells actively inhibit adjacent cells from also becoming type 1 cells. The fate of each VPC therefore depends on the combined action of two intercellular signals: a graded inductive signal from the anchor cell, and a lateral inhibitory signal from at least some of its neighbours. Pattern formation among the VPCs lin-15 mutant is analogous to the establishment of the pattern of neuroblasts and dermatoblasts during early insect neurogenesis, suggesting that the similarities in inferred molecular structure of the lin-12 and Notch gene products, which are involved in these two instances of pattern formation, might extend to similarities in function.
Ultrafast Gas Chromatography on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Stationary Phases in Microfabricated Channels

The key to rapid temperature programmed separations with gas chromatography are a fast, low-volume injection and a short microbore separation column with fast resistive heating. One of the major problems with the reduction of column dimensions for micro gas chromatography is the availability of a stationary phase that provides good separation performance. In this report, we present the first integration of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a stationary phase into 100 μm × 100 μm square and 50-cm-long microfabricated channels. The small size of this column with integrated resistive heater and the robustness of the SWNT phase allow for fast temperature programming of up to 60 °C/s. A combination of the fast temperature programming and the narrow peak width of small-volume injections that can be obtained from a high-speed, dual-valve injection system allows for rapid separations of gas mixtures. We demonstrate highly reproducible separations of four-compound test mixtures on these columns in less than ...
ISABELLE Magnet Power Supply System Performance Analysis

The power supply system that will energize the superconducting magnets in the ISABELLE 400 × 400 GeV accelerator must supply various voltages and currents. The voltages for the correction winding range from ten to one hundred twenty-five volts unipolar and bipolar with current rating of 50 to 300 amperes. The main field winding requires voltages from 90V (at flattop) to 600V during maximum ramp rate or acceleration cycle. The power supplies are programmable over their full range of output current with a reproducibility error varying from +10 ppm to +400 ppm of full scale. Included within the reproducibility error are the long and short term stability requirements of the power supplies. The purpose of this paper is to define some of the design goals and outline the approach taken in reaching these goals.
Encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of cirrhosis: A favorable prognosis

Clinicopathological features were studied in 41 patients with histology-proven hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis. Of these, 13 (31.7%) were positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and 28 were negative. Twenty-six of 28 (92.9%) HBsAg negative cases had anticore antibody (anti-HBc) of low titres. The age of patients at the time of diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly younger in the HBsAg positive cases compared with the negative. The initial diagnostic clue was either abdominal mass or abdominal pain in 18 (43.9%) patients. However, the number of patients in whom hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by imaging in the absence of such clinical signs has increased recently. The tumour was encapsulated in 31 cases (75.6%) and most solitary encapsulated tumours were growing expansively. Tumours were resectable in 29 (70.7%) cases, and the prognosis of resected cases was much better than that of 12 non-operated cases. Twenty-one out of 29 (72.4%) resected tumours were solitary and encapsulated. However, recurrence of tumour occurred in 12 out of 28 (42.9%) cases, and it was within 2 years of resection in 11 cases. These observations and data seem to indicate that early detection and resection of tumour is very important in management, but tumour recurrence is inevitable in a considerable proportion of the patients with non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hypoosmotic stimuli activate a chloride conductance in rat taste cells.

The oral cavity is subjected to a wide range of osmotic conditions, yet little is known about how solution osmolarity affects performance of the gustatory system. In order to elucidate the mechanism by which hypoosmotic stimuli affect the peripheral taste system, I have attempted to characterize the effects of hypoosmotic stimuli on individual rat taste receptor cells (TRCs) using whole-cell patch clamp recording. Currents elicited in response to voltage ramps (–90 to +60 mV) were recorded in control saline and in solutions varying only in osmolarity (–30, –60 and –90 mOsm). In roughly two-thirds of cells, hypoosmotic solutions (230 mOsm) caused a 15% increase in cell capacitance and activated a reversible conductance that exhibited marked adaptation in the continued presence of the stimulus. Similar responses could be elicited in taste cells from taste buds in the foliate and vallate papillae, the soft palate, the nasopharynx and the epiglottis. Ion substitution experiments were consistent with the interpretation that the predominant ion carried through these apparent volume- or stretch-activated channels was Cl – under normal conditions. Reversal potentials for the hypoosmotic-induced current closely matched those predicted by the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz constant field equation for a Cl – conductance. The relative permeability sequence of the hypoosmoticactivated current in TRCs was thiocyanate – ≥ I – ≥ Br – >Cl – ≥ F – ≥ isethionate – > gluconate – . Pharmacological experiments revealed that this Cl – conductance was inhibited by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2′-disulfonic acid and 5-nitro-3-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (EC50 = 1.3 and 4.6 µM, respectively), but not by CdCl2 (300 µM) nor GdCl3 (200 µM). I hypothesize that this hypoosmotic-activated Cl – conductance, which is similar to the well-characterized swelling-activated Cl – current, may contribute to volume regulation and could represent the transduction mechanism by which the presence of hypoosmotic stimuli, including water, may be signaled in taste receptor cells.
Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor of the neck.

Abstract Calcifying fibrous pseudotumor is a rare lesion of uncertain histogenesis that has a unique histologic appearance. We report herein a case of a 24-year-old woman with a mass on the right posterior side of the neck. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast showed a well-circumscribed mass between the right splenius and semispinalis cervicis muscles; the study suggested high collagen content. Simple excision was performed. The histologic findings were diagnostic of calcifying fibrous pseudotumor. Our review of 19 previously reported cases suggests that a good outcome is expected when a diagnosis of calcifying fibrous pseudotumor is made.
Characterization of tantalum oxide films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract Tantalum oxide (TaOx) films were deposited by KrF excimer laser ablation of Ta2O5 targets in an oxygen gas ambient. The deposition was performed on silicon substrates. The impact of varying the substrate temperature (from room temperature to 400°C) and gas pressure (0.14–5.34 Pa) on film properties was investigated. Differences in composition, with Ta/O ratios in the range 0.36–0.7, were observed when the deposition parameters were varied. For O2 pressures above 2.67 Pa and deposition temperatures of 150°C and higher, Ta/O ratios of 0.38–0.44 were obtained, with a mean value of 0.41. For all growth conditions, based on Auger electron spectroscopy analyses, the tantalum oxide films were found to be homogeneous in composition throughout their thickness. According to X-ray diffraction measurements, the structure of the films was found to be amorphous-like for all temperatures. In terms of optical properties, stoichiometric Ta2O5 films exhibited indices of refraction higher than 2.2, extinction coefficients of less than 10−4, and optical energy band gaps of up to 4.1 eV. Such results showed that Ta2O5 films produced by pulsed laser deposition might be suitable for optical-based applications.
Photoexcitations in luminescent conjugated polymers

Using ultrafast time-delayed pump-probe measurements, we study the mechanisms leading to stimulated emission (SE) and photoinduced absorption (PA) in thin films and solutions of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV). We monitor the change in the excited-state spectra by means of femtosecond time-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy in order to identify the SE and PA spectral regions and their time evolution. We also present femtosecond gain-narrowing measurements and the influence of the PA on the photoluminescence spectra. We demonstrate bimolecular interaction at high excitation densities and independence of the PA and SE dynamics on the pump wavelength.
Energy Expenditure Is Very High in Extremely Obese Women

To test the hypothesis that total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) are low in extremely obese individuals, factors that could contribute to maintenance of excess weight, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 weight stable, extremely obese women [BMI (mean +/- SEM) 48.9 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)]. TEE was measured over 14 d using the doubly labeled water method, REE and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) were measured using indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated as TEE - (REE + TEF). Body composition was determined using a 3-compartment model. Subjects were divided into tertiles of BMI (37.5-45.0; 45.1-52.0; and 52.1-77.0 kg/m(2)) for data analysis. TEE and REE increased with increasing BMI tertile: TEE, 12.80 +/- 0.5, 14.67 +/- 0.5, and 16.10 +/- 0.9 MJ/d (P < 0.01); REE, 7.87 +/- 0.2, 8.78 +/- 0.3, and 9.94 +/- 0.6 MJ/d (P < 0.001), and these values were 29-38% higher than published means of measured TEE in nonobese individuals. No significant differences were observed among BMI tertiles for AEE, TEF, or physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE, overall mean 1.64 +/- 0.16). The Harris-Benedict and WHO equations provided the closest estimates of REE (within 3%), whereas the obese-specific equations of Ireton-Jones overpredicted (40%) and Bernstein underpredicted (21%) REE. Extremely obese individuals have high absolute values for TEE and REE, indicating that excess energy intake contributes to the maintenance of excess weight. Standard equations developed for nonobese populations provided the most accurate estimates of REE for the obese individuals studied here. REE was not accurately predicted by equations developed in obese populations.
Elevated mean diffusivity in the left hemisphere superior longitudinal fasciculus in autism spectrum disorders increases with more profound language impairment.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Language impairments are observed in a subset of individuals with ASD. To examine microstructural brain white matter features associated with language ability in ASD, we measured the DTI parameters of language-related white matter tracts (SLF) as well as non-language-related white matter tracts (CST) in children with ASD/+LI and ASD/−LI) and in TD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen children with ASD/−LI (age range, 6.7–17.5 years), 17 with ASD/+LI (age range, 6.8–14.8 years), and 25 TD (age range, 6.5–18 years) were evaluated with DTI and tractography. Primary DTI parameters considered for analysis were MD and FA. RESULTS: There was a main effect of diagnostic group on age-corrected MD ( P < .05) with ASD/+LI significantly elevated compared with TD. This was most pronounced for left hemisphere SLF fiber tracts and for the temporal portion of the SLF. There was significant negative correlation between left hemisphere SLF MD values and the clinical assessment of language ability. There was no main effect of diagnostic group or diagnostic group X hemisphere interaction for FA. Although there was a main effect of diagnostic group on values of MD in the CST, this did not survive hemispheric subanalysis. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal DTI parameters (specifically significantly elevated MD values in ASD) of the SLF appear to be associated with language impairment in ASD. These elevations are particularly pronounced in the left cerebral hemisphere, in the temporal portion of the SLF, and in children with clinical language impairment. ADHD : attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder AF : arcuate fasciculus ASD : autism spectrum disorder CELF-4 : Clinical Evaluation for Language Fundamentals . 4th ed CST : corticospinal tracts FA : fractional anisotropy IQ : intelligence quotient λ1 : axial diffusivity 1/2 (λ2 + λ3) : radial diffusivity +LI : with language impairment −LI : without language impairment MD : mean diffusivity SLF : superior longitudinal fasciculus tSLF : temporal lobe component of the SLF TD : typically developing children and adolescents
Contributions of nuclear magnetic resonance to study of acute renal failure.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has contributed considerably to our understanding of experimental acute renal failure. Changes in energy metabolism which are caused by ischemia, urinary obstruction, and nephrotoxic drugs have been characterized with NMR spectroscopy. Data from our laboratory and others utilizing 31P NMR have demonstrated that levels of adenosine triphosphate fall rapidly with ischemia, and that the ability of the kidney to regenerate ATP correlates with ultimate functional recovery. Additionally, development of intracellular acidosis appears to occur early with ischemia and may, if severe enough, predict poor functional recovery. Urinary obstruction is associated with the rapid development of a large peak resonating in the phosphodiester region of the P-31 NMR kidney spectrum which is attributable to increases in urinary inorganic phosphate. Nephrotoxic acute renal failure with a variety of nephrotoxins is associated with little to no changes in high energy phosphates. Renal transplant a...
Schamberg's Purpura in Children: Case Study and Literature Review

Schamberg's purpura or progressive pigmentary dermatosis is uncommon in pediatric patients. A case study and literature review are presented to encourage the inclusion of Schamberg's purpura in the differential diagnosis of purpuric eruptions in childhood.
Foam separation of colloidal particulates

The foam-separation process may be utilised for the separation of hydrophobic (and hydrophilic) colloidal particulates of a flocculent nature from aqueous suspension by the addition of a surfactant with opposite charge and by gas dispersion through the suspension. Process operation and the significant independent and dependent variables are discussed. A model is presented that divides the process into a basic separation step in which the oleophilic particles are adsorbed at the gas/suspension interfaces of the bubbles and an entrainment step in which bulk solution is physically carried into the foam. The model is used to interpret experimental results for the ferric oxide-dodecyl sodium sulphate system, from consideration of residual ferric oxide concentrations, foam volumes, and removal ratios. A parameter, relative fractionation, is used to compare quantities of surfactant and particulates in the foam and in the bulk solution. Results are used to contrast the effects of surfactants on the foam separation of various particulates of opposite charge, including Escherichia coli, stannic oxide and kaolin clay, with particular emphasis on effects on foaming ability.
Linking brain, mind and behavior

Cortical brain areas and dynamics evolved to organize motor behavior in our three-dimensional environment also support more general human cognitive processes. Yet traditional brain imaging paradigms typically allow and record only minimal participant behavior, then reduce the recorded data to single map features of averaged responses. To more fully investigate the complex links between distributed brain dynamics and motivated natural behavior, we propose the development of wearable mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) systems that continuously capture the wearer's high-density electrical brain and muscle signals, three-dimensional body movements, audiovisual scene and point of regard, plus new data-driven analysis methods to model their interrelationships. The new imaging modality should allow new insights into how spatially distributed brain dynamics support natural human cognition and agency.
A new high intensity electron beam for wakefield acceleration studies

A new RF photocathode electron gun and beamline have been built for the study of electron beam driven wakefield acceleration. The one and a half cell L-band gun operates with an electric field on the cathode surface of 80 MV/m, and generates electron bunches with tens of nanocoulombs of charge and rms bunch lengths of a few picoseconds. The beam diagnostics include a Cherenkov radiator and streak-camera for bunch length measurements, YAG screens for beam profile, integrating charge transformers (ICTs) for bunch charge, an energy spectrometer, and a pepper-pot plate for measurement of the transverse emittance. Measurements of the beam properties at various bunch charges are presented.
Towards a Reliable and Efficient Distributed Storage System

This paper presents RDSS, a Resource Area Network (RAN)-based Distributed Storage System, which is designed for high scalability, long-term reliability, and operational efficiency. Using the RAN architectural pattern, RDSS works on the block level instead of the file level, which increases system flexibility. RDSS adopts directory routing model, lazy master-slave replication, and content hash verification. It employs a Node Ranking System (NRS) to optimize node selection in terms of stability, integrity, and workload. SPIN simulation results show that RDSS can significantly suppress data transfer of misbehaving nodes while yielding only a slight deviation in terms of individual load share compared to the random selection. Microbenchmarks show that RDSS retrieves 64KB data within 35ms and updates 64KB data within 40ms. The contribution of RDSS is that it provides reliable storage services while achieving high efficiency.
Introduction to SIMFACTORY II.5

A brief introduction is given to SIMFACTORY II.5 and the author explains how models can be developed without programming. SIMFACTORY II.5 is a factory simulator written in SIMSCRIPT II.5 that provides its user with the ability to quickly model factories without programming. This capability has been made possible with a mouse-driven graphical user interface that enables the user to build a graphical representation of a factory. The types of users who benefit most from SIMFACTORY II.5, the types of systems SIMFACTORY II.5 can model, and the various implementations of SIMFACTORY II.5 are described. >
Using point process models to determine the impact of visual cues on basal ganglia activity and behavior of Parkinson's patients

Deep brain stimulation is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) that has enabled microelectrode recordings from single-unit cells in the sub-thalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia. This rare data is important to develop detailed characterizations of spiking activity to understand the pathophysiology of PD. Despite the point process nature of neuronal spiking activity, point process (PP) methods are not used to analyze these recordings. Therefore, we develop PP models using the generalized linear method to characterize spiking activity in 28 STN neurons in 7 PD patients executing a two-step motor task. In the first step of the task, patients could anticipate visual go cues and moved once prompted. In the second step of the task, go cues had a 50% chance of appearing. If cues failed to appear, movements were self-initiated. The point process models provide an accurate summary of pathological characteristics under different cued conditions such as bursting, 10–30Hz oscillations, and fluctuations in directional tuning. In particular, the models show that when cues can be anticipated or when patients self-initiate movements (in both cases an internal motor plan is formed prior to movement), pathological neural characteristics are suppressed. In contrast, when cues cannot be anticipated and later appear, there is no suppression of pathological neural characteristics. Consequently, movements deteriorate.
Comprehensive maximum acceptable weight of lift database for regular 8-hour work shifts

Abstract This paper presents comprehensive maximum acceptable weight of lift data for male and female industrial workers for 8-hour shifts. The experimental data collected in this study, for 8 hours, were compared with previous studies of Snook (1978) and Ayoub et al. (1978). Since data from all three studies compared favourably, they were integrated to develop comprehensive databases.
Abstract A39: PI3K inhibition in preclinical models of HNSCC

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is characterized by alteration of the PI3K pathway; especially mutation and/or amplification of the oncogene PIK3CA, and these alterations are enriched in HNSCC associated with human papilloma virus infection (HPV(+)HNSCC). We sought to test the hypothesis that HNSCC cells/tumors with mutant or amplified PIK3CA are more sensitive to anti-tumor effects of PI3K pathway inhibitors, including BKM-120 and BYL-719, and to assess the effect of HPV status on the efficacy of these agents. Proliferation assays and immunobloting were employed to examine the effects on growth and signaling of BKM-120 and BYL-719 administration to HNSCC cell lines with endogenous PIK3CA mutation, gene amplification, or WT, unamplified PIK3CA. The cytotoxic effects of BKM-120 and BYL-719 were comparable in a panel of 8 HNSCC cell lines, with IC50s in the micromolar range. BYL-719 demonstrated greater cytotoxic activity in cell lines with endogenous PIK3CA alterations compared with cells harboring endogenous WT, unamplified PIK3CA. Treatment with BKM-120 decreased the levels of phosphorylated AKT in a dose-dependent fashion to a greater degree in PIK3CA altered cells than in PIK3CA WT cells. In contrast, BYL-719 treatment inhibited phosphorylation of AKT in both PIK3CA altered and PIK3CA WT HNSCC cells, with comparable efficacy. Phosphorylation of S6 and MTOR however, was inhibited by BYL-719 to a greater degree in PIK3CA altered cell lines vs. PIK3CA WT cell lines. More than half of all HPV(+)HNSCC harbor some form of PI3K alteration; generally PIK3CA mutation or amplification. However, there is a paucity of HPV(+)HNSCC cell lines, and no cell lines to date derived from HPV(+)HNSCC tumors contain PIK3CA mutations. Although we included two HPV(+)HNSCC cell lines in our studies, neither are known to harbor endogenous PIK3CA mutations, and they did not appear to be more sensitive to PI3K pathway targeting with BKM-120 or BYL-719. Our in vivo treatment experiments, utilizing patient derived xenografts (PDX) of varying HPV and PIK3CA status, demonstrate that the growth of HPV(+)HNSCC tumors can be inhibited by BYL-719 treatment to a greater degree than the growth of HPV(-)HNSCC tumors. These cumulative findings suggest that PI3K inhibition may represent an effective therapeutic strategy in the subset of HNSCC patients whose tumors harbor PI3K alteration. As the PI3K pathway is the most commonly altered mitogenic pathway in HNSCC; the completion of this work, and its extension into clinical trials, will likely have translational significance. Citation Format: Matthew Louis Hedberg, Hua Li, Yan Zeng, Jennifer Rubin Grandis. PI3K inhibition in preclinical models of HNSCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A39.
Influence of precursor chemistry on synthesis of silicon-carbon-germanium alloys

We describe the synthesis and use of the novel molecular precursors C (SiH3) 4, CH3GeH3and SiH3GeH3 to generate silicon-carbon-germanium materials by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition. By using these precursors in reactions with S1H4 and GeH4 between 470°C and 650°C we obtained: 1) heteroepitaxial Si1-x-y. GexCy (y=0.04–0.06) alloys with C (SiH3) 4; (2) polycrystalline alloys with carbon compositions ranging from 2–14 at.% with CH3GeH3; (3) mixtures of diamond cubic nanocrystals (Ge, Si1-xGex) and amorphous SiC with SiH3CH2GeH3. The effect of the precursor chemistry on composition, crystallinity, and microstructure of the materials as characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is discussed.
Comparative Effects of Hypoxia, Adrenocorticotropin and Methylcholine on Adrenocortical Secretory Rates

SummaryLumboadrenal vein blood was continuously collected at min intervals from anesthetized dogs who were either made hypoxic or infused with ACTH or MEC. The secretions of 11-OHCS increased within the first min and attained peak rates between 5 and 10 min of exposure to these agents. Part of the increased secretory rates of the hypoxic and MEC groups could be accounted for by increases in adrenal blood flow. These data suggest that a min is sufficient time for hypoxia to (a) activate the hypothalamo–hypophyseal complex to release ACTH, (b) decrease the transit time for ACTH to reach the adrenal gland, and (c) increase adrenal blood and plasma flows. When occurring simultaneously, these 3 factors result in a rapid and sustained increase in adrenocortical secretory rates during hypoxia.The excellent technical assistance of E. Blomquist, C. Lau and L. Malasanos is greatly appreciated. Special thanks are due Dr. G. Courtney for encouragement, assistance and discussions during the course of this investigation.
Relationship Between Hand-Skill Exercises and Other Admissions Criteria and Students’ Performance in Dental School

The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of correlations between dental admissions criteria, including a chalk carving exercise, and students’ subsequent academic performance. The retrospective cohort study examined the records of dental students at Louisiana State University Health Science Center School of Dentistry for the years 1998 to 2008. Only those students who could be categorized into the following four groups were included: 1) those who graduated in the top 10% of their class, 2) those who graduated in the bottom 10% of their class, 3) those who repeated a year of dental school, and 4) those who were dismissed or resigned. The study sample consisted of 176 students: 62 in the first group, 62 in the second group, 25 in the third group, and 27 in the fourth group. Data collected were each student’s undergraduate grade point average (GPA); chalk carving score; undergraduate biology, chemistry, physics (BCP) GPA; Dental Admission Test (DAT) Academic Average; Perceptual Ability Test (PAT) score of the DAT; total DAT score; grade in preclinical operative dentistry class; grade in morphology and occlusion class; and dental school GPA at graduation. The results showed that only the undergraduate GPA and BCP GPA were significantly higher for students in the top 10% of their class than for other groups. The only positive correlation involving the chalk carving scores was with the preclinical operative dentistry course grade. This study thus found limited correlations between this institution’s admissions criteria and its students’ success in dental school.
A Case Study of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder:

Comorbid disruptive behavior disorders occur in up to 80% of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Children with ASD often present as inattentive, noncompliant, and aggressive, making it di...
Lipids and Fatty Acids in the Preterm Infant, Part 2: Clinical Considerations

Lipids and fatty acids are vital for development and health. The influence of these compounds begins in utero and continues throughout life. Premature birth abruptly disrupts lipid- and fatty acid–induced regulatory pathways. This is compounded by current nutritional practices in the neonatal intensive care unit that fail to meet fetal requirements, resulting in acute alterations in circulating fatty acid levels. Altered fatty acid profiles are linked to mechanisms responsible for common neonatal morbidities. Optimizing delivery of fats and critical fatty acids in the preterm infant can have profound effects on health and vulnerability to disease. Part 1 provides a review of the basic mechanisms in the parenteral and enteral delivery of lipids and fatty acids, including normal pathways of digestion and absorption. Part 2 focuses on the unique clinical considerations and limitations posed by the preterm infant and discusses potential future enteral and parenteral strategies to optimize delivery of these vital nutrients.
Mite predators of the southern pine beetle

Of 51 mites found with brood of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and tested in the laboratory, four are primary candidates for use as natural control agents in reducing field infestations: Histiogaster arborsignis Woodring, Proctolaelaps dendroctoni Lindquist & Hunter, Macrocheles boudreauxi Krantz, and Dendrolaelops neodisetus Hurlbutt. Four others are secondary choices: Eugamasus lyriformis Mc-Graw & Farrier, Dendrolaelaps neocornutus Hurlbutt, D. isodentatus Hurlbutt, and Proctolaelaps fiseri Samsinak.
Ways of desiring mutual sympathy in Adam Smith's moral philosophy

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I address the question of what we are really after when we seek Smithian mutual sympathy; I also show how the answer I propose can be used to illuminate a crucial feature of Smith's moral philosophy. The first section develops a Smithian response to egoistic interpretations of the desire for mutual sympathy. The second section identifies a number of different self- and other-relevant ways in which one could desire mutual sympathy. Some of these different ways of desiring mutual sympathy comprise a spectrum of degrees of self-centredness; others comprise a spectrum of degrees of other-centredness. The third section shows that the spectra of ways of desiring mutual sympathy can be used to explain the kind of sincere, motivating attachment to morality characteristic of fully developed Smithian moral agents.
Minimizing exposure to passive smoke in the enclosed environment of U.S. submarines.

murines. Aviat apace Objective: This study was designed to determine which designated smoking area on a submarine, forward or aft, minimizes nonsmokers' exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Methods: A survey was administered and urine tested by an enzyme-linked immunoassay for urinary cotinine before and during a 10 d underway. There were four groups tested; submariners on boats with forward or aft designated smoking areas, with each of these groups further divided into submariners whose watch is primarily forward or aft. Results: There were no significant differences in urine cotinine levels between submariners whose watches are primarily in the forward section as compared with those who work primarily aft. This was true for predeployment as compared with deployment levels and whether the designated smoking area was located forward or aft. Conclusion: Using cotinine as a marker, passive smoke exposure appears to be minimum. The location of the designated smoking area aboard U. S. Navy submarines does not appear to have any effect on urinary cotinine levels.
Alcohol Use and Reasons for Drinking as Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior in the U.S. Army.

ABSTRACTObjective: High levels of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems are associated with suicidal behaviors (i.e., seriously considering and/or attempting suicide) in military and civilian populations. Examination of reasons for drinking alcohol may identify subgroups of soldiers who may either be at risk for suicidal behaviors or resilient to suicidality. Method: We examined the associations among reasons for drinking, level of alcohol use, and past year suicidality in 3,813 U.S. Army soldiers using the Department of Defense Survey of Health-Related Behaviors among Active Duty Military Personnel. Results: Six percent of soldiers reported suicidal thoughts and behaviors within the past year. Those who reported the highest level of alcohol use were more likely to have seriously considered and/or attempted suicide. Drinking to avoid rejection/“fit in” was associated with suicidality, even after adjusting for level of alcohol consumption, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression. Although unadjus...
Smart money? Philanthropic and federal funding for the Common Core

The Common Core State Standards Initiative seeks to prepare all students to graduate high school without remedial needs, to improve transparency across states’ accountability systems, and to foster efficiencies in the development and distribution of educational resources. The reform was adopted in more than 40 states and has been described as state-led. We examined federal and philanthropic funding for the reform through a conceptual lens of resource dependence theory. Our document analyses surfaced eight pathways along which funding for the Common Core traveled into, through, and around the public education system. We consider clusters of pathways according to their purposes and the consequences of such clustering for the reform. We conclude by discussing benefits derived from this funding for different types of entities that grant and receive it.