cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Money Matters: College, Motherhood, Earnings, and Wives’ Housework

Using new data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), the authors consider how educational and parental status influence the relationship between wives’ relative earnings and the time they devote to housework in a climate of heightened gender egalitarianism and growing similarity between women’s and men’s time use. The authors capitalize on the large samples in the American Time Use Survey to study four groups of wives whose varying educational and parental statuses strengthen tests of theoretical claims regarding bargaining, gender display, and wives’ autonomy. Among wives with children at home and without a college degree, the authors find that relative earnings bear a curvilinear relationship to housework time, supporting predictions derived from exchange and gender display theories. Among wives with children and a college degree, and among wives without children regardless of degree status, relative earnings are unrelated to housework. In contrast, wives’ own earnings are inversely related to house...
Aging and fluid homeostasis in rats

The capacity of aging rats to defend body fluid homeostasis in response to a variety of dipsogenic and natriorexigenic stimuli was assessed. Male and female rats of both the Fischer 344 (FR) and Sp...
What would it Mean to Directly Observe Electrons

In this paper it is argued that a proper understanding of the justification of perceptual beliefs leaves open the possibility that normal humans, unaided by microscopes, could genuinely know, by direct observation, of the existence of a theoretical entity like an electron. A particular theory of justification called perceptual responsibilism is presented. If successful, this kind of view wouldundercut one line of argument that has been given (for example, by Bas van Fraassen) in support of scientific anti-realism. Various objections to the idea that electrons can be directly observed are also considered.
Modulation of Murine Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity by Dietary Fish Oil, Corn Oil or Beef Tallow

Abstract High levels of dietary fish oils have been shown to reduce tumor incidence in human epidemiological studies and animal studies. Natural killer (NK) cells are leukocytes that can lyse tumors without prior sensitization and without major histocompatibility complex restriction. The purposes of these studies were to determine the effects of different dietary levels (0, 10 or 18.6%) of menhaden fish oil (experiment 1) and different sources (corn oil, beef tallow or fish oil) of dietary lipid (experiment 2) on NK cell activity of C57/B mice. Animals fed 18.6% fish oil had suppressed (P < .05) NK cytotoxicity compared with animals fed no dietary fish oil. Average daily gains and final weights were lower (P < .01) for animals fed 18.6% fish oil compared to animals fed 0 or 10% fish oil. In experiment 2, animals fed fish oil had lower (P < .05) NK cytotoxicity at a high effector to target (E:T) ratio than animals fed beef tallow, corn oil or the control diet. Therefore, the effect of high dietary fish oil...
Loose glenoid components in revision shoulder arthroplasty: is there an association with positive cultures?

Background Glenoid loosening is one of the most common causes of total shoulder failure. High rates of positive cultures of Propionibacterium and coagulase-negative staphylococcus have been found among shoulders having surgical revision for glenoid loosening. This study reviewed the culture results in a series of surgical revisions for failed total shoulder arthroplasty to determine the relationship between glenoid loosening and positive cultures. Methods The medical records of 221 patients without obvious evidence of infection who underwent revision total shoulder arthroplasty were reviewed to examine the association between the security of fixation of the glenoid component and the results of cultures obtained at revision surgery. Results Of the revised shoulders, 53% had positive cultures; 153 of the shoulders (69%) had a loose glenoid component, whereas 68 (31%) had secure glenoid component fixation. Of the 153 loose glenoid components, 82 (54%) had at least 1 positive culture and 44 (29%) had 2 or more positive cultures of the same microorganism. Similarly, of the 68 secure glenoid components, 35 (51%) had at least 1 positive culture ( P = .77) and 14 (21%) had 2 or more positive cultures of the same microorganism ( P = .25). Explanted glenoid components that were loose had a higher rate of culture positivity (56% [24/43]) in comparison to explanted glenoid components that were well fixed (13% [1/8]) ( P = .05). Conclusion Propionibacterium and coagulase-negative staphylococcus are commonly recovered in revision shoulder arthroplasty, whether or not the glenoid components are loose.
Experimental Performance of a Novel Trochoidal Propeller

In the quest for higher energy efficiency in marine transportation, a promising alternative marine propulsor concept is the trochoidal propeller. The authors have 1) designed and tested a novel trochoidal propeller using a sinusoidal blade pitch function and 2) created a theoretical model to describe the principal physics governing the operation of such propellers. The main results presented herein are measurements of thrust and torque, as well as the calculated hydrodynamic efficiency, for a range of absolute advance coefficients. The performance of the present sinusoidal-pitch trochoidal propeller is compared with prior cross-flow propellers, as well as a representative screw propeller. Although the efficiency of the present sinusoidal-pitch propeller exceeds that of prior cycloidal-pitch trochoidal propellers, it is slightly lower than the efficiencies of the other propellers considered. Model predictions show excellent agreement with the experimental data, which opens possibilities for future investigation and optimization of novel blade pitch motions.
Whether it is better to be loved or feared

Abstract Four distinct aspects of the acquisitions librarian's job can be identified: bibliographic aspects, automation aspects, collection development aspects, and business aspects. Each acquisitions librarian must somehow successfully combine all of these roles, despite the fact that excellence in the context of one role may be mediocrity or worse in the context of another role. Choices about which roles to emphasize should be based on the needs of the library, rather than personal preferences of the individual, but the business manager's role is essential to any library. Acquisitions librarians should promote their ability to serve as the connection between groups with disparate interests.
Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum(0) and Tungsten(0) Complexes of Tetramethylthiourea: Single-Source Precursors for MoS2 and WS2

The molybdenum(0) and tungsten(0) carbonyl complexes, [M(CO)n(TMTU)6–n] (M = Mo and W; TMTU = tetramethylthiourea; n = 4 and 5), have been prepared by addition of TMTU to the appropriate carbonyl precursors. In the solid state, the compounds are monomeric and feature octahedral coordination geometries about the metal. In the case of [M(CO)4(TMTU)2], the TMTU ligands are bound in a cis fashion. Dissolution of cis-[M(CO)4(TMTU)2] produces an equilibrium mixture of cis-[M(CO)4(TMTU)2], free TMTU, and the putative dimeric species, cis,cis-[M2(CO)8(μ-TMTU)2]. Attempts to prepare the tricarbonyl complex, [Mo(CO)3(TMTU)3], by addition of TMTU to fac-[Mo(CO)3(η6-cycloheptatriene)] results in isolation of cis-[Mo(CO)4(TMTU)2], demonstrating that exchange of CO and TMTU ligands is facile in these compounds. Each of the compounds decomposes readily in the solid state above 110 °C, ultimately forming the tetravalent metal disulfide. Thermolysis reactions of [M(CO)n(TMTU)6–n] complexes at 300 °C under an argon atmosph...
Final Analysis of Vandermonde's Convolution

(1957). Final Analysis of Vandermonde's Convolution. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 409-415.
Effect of protein zinc and selenium tablet on immune function of mouse

Objective:To explore the effects of protein zinc and selenium tablet of different dosage on specific and non-specific immune function of mice.Methods:Mice were orally administrated with the tablet at doses of 0.3,0.6 and 1.8 g/kg,another group of mice were chosen as control.After 30 days′treatment,proliferation and transformation of spleen lymphocytes,delayed anaphylactic reactions,the number of antibody forming cells,serum level of hemolysin,macrophage′s power of swallowing chicken red blood cells in mouse′s abdominal cavity,carbon expurgatory function by phagocyte and NK cell activity were observed respectively.Results:Comparing with control group,delayed anaphylactic reactions and macrophage′s power of swallowing chicken red blood cells in mouse′s abdominal cavity in middle or high dose group intensified,the number of antibody forming cells in low or high dose group increased,and carbon phagocytosis by phagocyte in middle dose group increased.Conclusion:Protein zinc and selenium tablet possesses the potential effect of enhancing the immune function of mice.
Neonatal Testicular Infarction and Polycythemia

Torsion has been observed in only 50 per cent of the reported cases of neonatal testicular infarction. We report a neonate in whom polycythemia and unilateral testicular infarction were present at birth. Although cause and effect are discussed additional reports are needed to confirm whether in utero testicular infarction was the result of in utero polycythemia.
Temporal Logics for Learning and Detection of Anomalous Behavior

The increased complexity of modern systems necessitates automated anomaly detection methods to detect possible anomalous behavior determined by malfunctions or external attacks. We present formal methods for inferring (via supervised learning) and detecting (via unsupervised learning) anomalous behavior. Our procedures use data to construct a signal temporal logic (STL) formula that describes normal system behavior. This logic can be used to formulate properties such as “If the train brakes within 500 m of the platform at a speed of 50 km/hr, then it will stop in at least 30 s and at most 50 s.” Our procedure infers not only the physical parameters involved in the formula (e.g., 500 m in the example above) but also its logical structure. STL gives a more human-readable representation of behavior than classifiers represented as surfaces in high-dimensional feature spaces. The learned formula enables us to perform early detection by using monitoring techniques and anomaly mitigation by using formal synthesis techniques. We demonstrate the power of our methods with examples of naval surveillance and a train braking system.
After Seventeen Years and 70 Issues ...

Farewell editorial by David Leake, who was editor-in-chief of AI Magazine from 1998 to 2016.
Tomographic Coaxial Scanning Microscopy Using a Conical Lens (Axicon)

A new form of tomographic coaxial scanning microscopy is proposed by replacing the standard lens in confocal microscopy with a conical lens (axicon) that generates pencil-like illumination and detection along lines through the object.
Dealloying in Individual Nanoparticles and Thin Film Grains: A Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging Study

Dealloying is a process whereby selective dissolution results in a porous, strained structure often with new properties. The process is of both intrinsic and applied interest, and recently has been used to make highly active catalysts. The porosity has been studied using electron microscopy while the dealloying-induced strain has been studied at the ensemble level using X-ray diffraction. Despite the importance of local, for example, at the individual particle or grain level, strain in controlling the properties of the dealloyed material, it remains unresolved due to the difficulty of imaging 3D strain distributions with nanometer resolution in reactive environments. This information could play an integral role in understanding and controlling lattice strain for a variety of applications. Here, 3D strain distributions in individual nanoparticles and thin film grains in silver–gold alloys undergoing nitric acid-induced dealloying are imaged by Bragg coherent diffractive imaging. Particles exhibit dramatic changes in their local strains due to dealloying but grains do not. The average lattice in both grains and particles contracts during dealloying. In general, the results reveal significant dealloying-induced strain heterogeneity at the nanoscale in both isolated and extended samples, which may be utilized to develop advanced nanostructures for a variety of important applications.
Memory reliability estimation degraded by TDDB using circuit-level accelerated life test

As memory technology scales down, memory cells tend to become unreliable. To guarantee reliable operations of circuits and systems, semiconductor devices are tested with accelerated life tests to estimate device-level reliability and to develop a predictive reliability model for circuits and systems based on the estimated reliability of devices. However, to accurately estimate the lifetime of a system, accelerated lifetime testing at the system level is necessary. In this paper, we propose a system-level accelerated life test plan. As a case study, we investigate the reliability of SRAMs under time-dependent dielectric breakdown, one of the major contributors to aging failures in modern computer systems. Using the simulation results, we examine failure trends at various stress conditions for the system-level accelerated life test. From the resulting observations, we suggest a method that optimizes the experimental design of system-level accelerated life tests.
Who is the Self of Everyday Existence

I argue that, for Heidegger, to be a self is to be a particular way of making some environmental affordances stand out as more salient than other, and of aligning affordances into coherent trajectories to be followed in pursuing our projects. When Heidegger argues that the self of everyday existence is “the anyone-self,” he means that we tend to polarize situations into affordances that solicit us to act in such a way as to reinforce public, average, and levelled down ways of engaging with the world.
Origin of mutations in two families with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.

The most common X-linked recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) is characterized by the absence of cytochrome b558 in neutrophils. In a rare variant form of X-CGD, cytochrome b558 is present but not functional. The gene (locus symbol CYBB) was localized to band Xp21 by studies of patients with small chromosome deletions. The gene was cloned based on its location and found to encode the 91-Kd subunit of the cytochrome b558 complex. Most female carriers for X-CGD can be identified by their X-inactivation mosaicism; on average 50% of their neutrophils express the mutant phenotype and fail to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). In 2 of 4 families studied, the maternal grandmothers had normal NBT tests, suggesting either nonrandom X- inactivation or new mutations. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using closely linked flanking markers or the NsiI polymorphism detected by the CYBB probe itself, allowed us to identify the X chromosome carrying the mutation as derived from a healthy NBT-positive maternal grandfather. The mothers of the affected boys must have received a paternal X chromosome carrying a new mutation, consistent with the maternal grandmothers' normal NBT tests. In all of eight potential carriers studied, the results of the NBT and DNA marker testing were in complete agreement. Prenatal diagnosis by DNA testing can be performed in early gestation obviating the need for fetal blood sampling.
Usefulness of Statins for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is common with an annual incidence of 1 to 5 per 1,000, resulting in major morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. It is more common in the elderly, obese, those with cancer, those undergoing surgery, and those with previous VTE. Strategy to reduce its occurrence has important public health implications. Pleotropic effects of statins may have beneficial effects on a number of potential targets associated with VTE. Statins have excellent safety profile and seem to be associated with beneficial effects in VTE in case-control studies, large observational studies, meta-analyses, and a randomized trial. In conclusion, after critically reviewing the clinical data supporting statin use in the prevention of VTE, we presented clinical recommendations for the use of statins in reducing VTE occurrence, especially in high-risk situations.
Psychosocial Determinants of Food Acquisition and Preparation in Low-Income, Urban African American Households.

Background. Psychosocial factors are important determinants of health behaviors and diet-related outcomes, yet relatively little work has explored their relation to food-purchasing and preparation ...
Einige Bemerkungen über die Beziehungen zwischen Industrie und Regierung

Die heutigen Beziehungen zwischen Industrie und Regierung zeigen uns deutlich die Spaltung, die zwischen der industriellen Tatigkeit und der Gesellschaft als ganzer besteht. Einerseits horen wir dauernd das Entrustungsgeschrei der leitenden Industriellen gegen eine Gesetzgebung, die den Ablauf des Wirtschaftslebens kontrollieren wolle, und auf der anderen Seite verlangen dieselben Industriellen ausdrucklich ein solches Eingreifen der Regierung. Beispiele dafur sind die Zolltarife fast aller groseren Industrienationen. Die Zolle sind primar zur Beeinflussung des volkswirtschaftlichen Prozesses ersonnen und nicht etwa zur Steigerung der Staatseinnahmen. Fast in allen Fallen wurden die einzelnen Zollpositionen auf Verlangen der direkt davon profitierenden Industrien aufgestellt.
A Connection between Optimal Control and Disconjugacy

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the connection between optimal control and disconjugacy. It presents a control system X(t) = A(t)x(t) + B(t)u(t), with fixed initial data x(t0) = x0. In this case, the vector x ɛ Rn, A and B are n × n- and n × m-matrix-valued functions with n – 2 and n – 1 continuous derivatives, respectively, and u ɛ Rm is a vector-valued function with values constrained to lie in the unit cube U of Rm. The chapter discusses a concept that appears implicitly in control theory.
Food addiction among men and women in India.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to address a cultural gap in the food addiction (FA) literature by examining FA and associated clinical features in a nonclinical group of men and women residing in India. METHOD Participants (N = 415) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to complete an online survey about weight and eating. Participants completed self-report measures assessing FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS]), eating-disorder psychopathology (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire [EDE-Q]), health-related quality of life (Short Form Health Survey-12-item version [SF-12]), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2). RESULTS The FA symptom mean was 3.53 (SD = 1.90); 32.5% (n = 129) met FA clinical threshold on the YFAS. Groups categorized with and without FA on the YFAS did not differ significantly in sex or body mass index. YFAS scores were significantly correlated with greater frequency of binge eating, higher severity scores on all EDE-Q subscales, higher depression, and poorer functioning scores on the SF-12 (all ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FA, as conceptualized and measured by the YFAS, appears to be common among individuals residing in India.
Dysfunctional brain network organization in neurodevelopmental disorders

Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by complex, heterogeneous neural correlates. In this chapter, we review existing literature on attention deficit/hyper-activity disorder and autism spectrum disorder with an eye toward applying an integration/segregation framework for understanding both functional and structural connectivity within these two disorders. Use and extension of this framework for studying complex neurodevelopmental disorder is discussed.
A socio-linguistic model for cyberbullying detection

Cyberbullying is a serious threat to both the short and long-term well-being of social media users. Addressing this problem in online environments demands the ability to automatically detect cyberbullying and to identify the roles that participants assume in social interactions. As cyberbullying occurs within online communities, it is also vital to understand the group dynamics that support bullying behavior. To this end, we propose a socio-linguistic model which jointly detects cyberbullying content in messages, discovers latent text categories, identifies participant roles and exploits social interactions. While our method makes use of content that is labeled as bullying, it does not require category, role or relationship labels. Furthermore, as bullying labels are often subjective, noisy and inconsistent, an important contribution of our paper is effective methods for leveraging inconsistent labels. Rather than discard inconsistent labels, we evaluate different methods for learning from them, demonstrating that incorporating uncertainty allows for better generalization. Our proposed socio-linguistic model achieves an 18% improvement over state-of-the-art methods.
BRAIN TUMOR: AN INCIDENTAL FINDING ON A ROUTINE ORTHODONTIC RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION

Background Plain radiographs allow for easy examination of lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region and occasionally reveal some incidental findings. There are sporadic case reports of such incidental lesions.1 Primary brain tumors are a group of various diseases that represent the most common solid tumors of childhood.2 The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States estimates around 4300 newly diagnosed cases among U.S. children per year.3 Brain tumors are categorized on the basis of histology; however, tumor location and extent of spread are also essential factors that influence treatment plan and prognosis. Immunohistochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic analyses and proliferative activity measurements are often applied in tumor diagnosis and classification.2 Tumors are usually classified as infratentorial, supratentorial, parasellar, or spinal. Neurologic symptoms, such as seizures, personality changes, headache, nausea, and lethargy, can indicate the location and size of the tumor.4 Brain tumors frequently arise in the posterior fossa after the first year of life.5 Clinical and Radiologic Findings In this case report, we describe the case of a 13-year-old female referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department for evaluation of an incidental calcified frontal lobe lesion. The patient was seeking treatment in the Department of Orthodontics for crossbite. Posteroanterior cephalometric radiography revealed a 5 × 6 cm, relatively well-defined, mixed-density, lobulated, calcified mass located in the left frontal lobe. Interpretation On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the lesion was seen as expansile, partially cystic, and having small internal enhancing components and low signal areas both on T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences, compatible with calcifications. There as extensive cortical involvement of the left frontal lobe, with extension to the left lateral ventricle and thinning and remodeling of the overlying left frontal calvarium. Discussion/Conclusions Differential diagnosis included oligodendroglioma, ganglioglioma, and hemangioma. The patient was referred to a neurosurgeon for further management.
Outcomes of inpatient palliative care consultations for advanced pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancer patients at an academic medical center.

e20547 Background: Use of hospice for end of life (EOL) care contributes to achieving good death in patients with cancer. The purpose of our study was to assess outcomes of inpatient palliative car...
Combinatorial Dynamics for Regulatory Networks

Modeling dynamics of cellular networks presents significant challenges due to ill-defined nonlinearities, poorly characterized parameters, and noisy experimental data. Switching ODE systems are a modeling platform based on Boolean networks that allow the combinatorialization of phase space and parameter space, which in turn allows the computation of summaries of global dynamics across all parameters. In this contribution, we expand the class of cellular processes to those with regulated degradation (RD systems). We show that RD systems also admit a finite combinatorialization of phase space. We then show that a special RD system, called a mixed PTM-switching system, admits the combinatorialization of the parameter space that is represented as a parameter graph. This graph is directly comparable to the parameter graph of the switching system model of the same regulatory network. By comparing dynamics that correspond to the same parameter graph node, we show that the mixed system admits only a subset of the dynamics of the switching system. Finally, we address the relationship between combinatorial representatives of dynamics and trajectories of the underlying ODE systems. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions that guarantee that representatives of equilibria correspond to true equilibria of the dynamics.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke recurrence is common in the early period after a cerebral ischemic event. Treatment with an antiplatelet agent is recommended to reduce recurrent stroke and death in patients with a non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Compared to monotherapy, dual antiplatelet therapy has more robust inhibition of platelet activation but a higher risk of systemic bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses suggest that short-term use of dual antiplatelet treatment initiated early after ischemic stroke and TIA reduces the risk of recurrent stroke and major vascular events without significantly increasing the hemorrhagic complication rates, particularly in those with large-vessel disease, while long-term dual antiplatelet treatment increases the risk of systemic and intracranial hemorrhage over time, offsetting any potential benefit. Until further data becomes available, clinicians should carefully assess this risk and benefit in each case and continually reevaluate the need for prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy.
Postmortem Evaluation of Reintroduced Migratory Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in Eastern North America

Abstract We reviewed necropsy records of 124 Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) recovered following reintroduction of 268 individuals from 2001 to 2016 in the eastern US. Causes of death were determi...
Activated Src kinase is expressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma tumors; dasatinib inhibition leads to cytotoxicity, cell cycle inhibition, and prevention of invasion and migration

7713 Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a lethal disease with few effective therapeutic options. We sought to determine whether Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, could be a new ...
Genetic characterization and expression analysis of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) line 07OR1074 exhibiting very low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity

The above-mentioned article was published in 2015 with an error in the reverse primer sequence for the PPOA2d1074 marker, which made amplification difficult. The reverse primer was missing a thymine nucleotide at the thirteenth position (GCGGTGCTTCACTTGGT).
Spatially distributed representation of taste quality in the gustatory insular cortex of awake behaving mice

Visual, auditory and somatosensory cortices are topographically organized, with neurons responding to similar sensory features clustering in adjacent portions of the cortex. Such topography has not been observed in the piriform cortex, whose responses to odorants are sparsely distributed across the cortex. The spatial organization of taste responses in the gustatory insular cortex (GC) is currently debated, with conflicting evidence from anesthetized rodents pointing to alternative and mutually exclusive models. Here, we rely on calcium imaging to determine how taste and task-related variables are represented in the superficial layers of GC of alert, licking mice. Our data show that the various stimuli evoke sparse responses from a combination of broadly and narrowly tuned neurons. Analysis of the distribution of responses over multiple spatial scales demonstrates that taste representations are distributed across the cortex, with no sign of spatial clustering or topography. Altogether, data presented here support the idea that the representation of taste qualities in GC of alert mice is sparse and distributed, analogous to the representation of odorants in piriform cortex.
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Data on Efficacy of Novel Therapy Combinations in Patients with Lenalidomide-refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Introduction Lenalidomide use in nearly all induction regimens for multiple myeloma (MM) has led to the treatment of lenalidomide-refractory disease becoming one of the most important clinical questions in its treatment. Given the lack of direct comparisons of treatment regimens for lenalidomide-refractory MM, we used a systematic review to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included lenalidomide-refractory subgroup analysis. Methods We performed a systematic review to identify RCTs for MM that enrolled patients with lenalidomide-refractory disease, then performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) using random effects model to compare regimens. Results We identified 123 discrete RCTs, of which 7 reported primary outcomes for lenalidomide-refractory MM. These were linked in 2 discrete networks totaling 1698 lenalidomide-refractory patients. Network 1 compared bortezomib (bort)/dexamethasone (dex) versus other treatments, and analysis showed triplet therapy with pomalidomide (pom)/bort/dex (hazard ratios [HR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50–0.84), daratumumab (dara)/bort/dex (HR 0.36, 95% CI, 0.21–0.63), and dara/carfilzomib (carf)/dex (HR 0.38, 95% CI, 0.21–0.69) as more effective than bort/dex. Network 2 compared dex versus other treatments, and analysis showed pom/dex (HR 0.50, 95% CI, 0.40–0.62), isatuximab (isa)/pom/dex (HR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.20–0.44), and elotuzumab (elo)/pom/dex (HR 0.27, 95% CI, 0.16–0.45) as more effective than dex. Within each network, monoclonal antibody (mAb)-containing regimens had lower HRs and higher P-scores than non-mAb regimens, indicating higher likelihood of these regimens being most efficacious. Conclusion The results of our NMA demonstrated that for lenalidomide-refractory MM, triplet therapy containing mAbs are superior. There is need for further RCTs to better ascertain the best standard of care for these patients.
Influence of Residency Training Program on Pursuit of Academic Career and Academic Productivity Among Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of residency training institutions on the pursuit of a career in academic oral and maxillofacial surgery and assess variables associated with academic productivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of full-time academic oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs) in the United States. The primary predictor variable was program of residency training. Secondary predictors included gender, fellowship training, advanced degrees, and private practice affiliation. The primary outcome variable was the number of graduates in a ful-time academic position. Academic productivity (h-index, publication number) was a secondary outcome. Descriptive, logistic and linear regression analyses were computed. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 294 full-time academic OMSs in 82 training programs. The top 10 high-output residency programs were identified and graduates from these programs were more likely to have a medical degree (OR = 1.99, 9% CI: 1.17 - 3.36, p=0.0108), higher h-indices (11.03 vs 7.96, p = 0.0032) and higher number of publications (40.3 vs 25.6, p = 0.003). Faculty characteristics associated with higher h-indices included a medical degree (10.33 vs 7.66, p = 0.0067), PhD (15.23 vs 8.38, p = 0.0002), MPH (17.47 vs 8.66, p = 0.0040) and fellowship training (11.15 vs 7.76, p = 0.0012). There were no significant differences between genders in having a medical degree, completing a subspecialty fellowship, or academic productivity. Female surgeons represented 16.33% of academic OMSs and were more likely to have entered academia more recently based on duration in years of academic appointment (12.48 versus 21.08; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ten programs have trained 29.6% (n = 87) of all full-time academic OMSs. These programs' graduates were more likely to have a medical degree, higher h-indices, and greater number of publications.
Scientific Causal Talk

It is a pleasure to reply to Martin’s comments on my theory of probabilistic causality, for he raises issues that occur in a rather natural way and that no doubt have been of concern to others (Martin, 1981). I have divided my reply into four major topics, which I have organized in a different order from that of their occurrence in Martin’s comments. The topics are: the problem of a unified language of causality, the role of set theory in science, the language of events in science and ordinary talk, and problems of intensionality.
Fundamental Aspects of Electron Transfer at Interfaces

The chemical and electrical implications of charge transfer are discussed. The basic differences between chemical and electrochemical reactions are highlighted. Electrochemical kinetics and its various aspects are treated in detail. Tunneling, electronic, and surface states are discussed in the context of interfaces. A current potential relation at semiconductor-solution interfaces receives attention, as do insulator-solution interfaces.
Transfer of Technology to Colombia: A Proposal to Modify Decision 24

The debate on technology transfer to Latin America and other developing countries for a long time has centered around "black box" technology.1 It was presumed by the developing country economists, once it was discovered that technology was the key to development, that acquiring control over inventions and the patent system would facilitate the adaptation of foreign technology to local needs. A number of studies were undertaken to analyze the process of technology transfer, primarily involving license agreements, and the resulting information provided the basis for the technology transfer legislation that emerged throughout the 1970s. Technology ( "black box" ) had to be purchased, not leased. Outright purchase would include the right to use the technology after the expiration of the agreement ( commonly thought of in terms of a patent license). It was believed that this would facilitate the adaptation process.
Synthesizing Proactive Assistance with Heterogeneous Agents

This paper describes outcome from a project aimed at creating an instance of integrated environment endowed with heterogeneous software and robotic agents to actively assist an elderly person at home. Specifically, a proactive environment for continuous daily activity monitoring has been created in which an autonomous robot acts as the main interactor with the person. This paper describes how the synergy of different technologies guarantees an overall intelligent behavior capable of personalized and contextualized interaction with the assisted person.
A minimum-cost biofilter for reducing aerial emissions from a broiler chicken house

Abstract Five types of emission control device of similar air throughput (1 m 3 /S) have been installed for comparison side-by-side on a 7000 place broiler chicken house. Of the five, a biofilter and a bioscrubber have been the most promising in operation, and performance tests on these two only are continuing. In preliminary trials the biofilter has given odour abatements of up to 72%. Detailed costings are presented for the actual size of biofilter and bioscrubber being studied: the overall costs per bird produced would be £0.44 and £0.43 respectively. The predicted costs for devices treating 10 m 3 /s of air (i. e. of a commercial scale) were £0.29 and £0.34 per bird produced respectively. These costs fall close to the maximum profit per bird achieved by the UK poultry industry in recent years, but further cost savings can be expected through using farm labour for construction, through further design simplifications and perhaps also through the agricultural ministry including biofilters and bioscrubbers in its scheme which offers grants towards the capital costs of anti-pollution equipment. Costs per bird produced would then be well under £0.20.
An analysis of allelic variation in the ABCA4 gene

PURPOSE. To assess the allelic variation of the ATP-binding transporter protein (ABCA4). METHODS. A combination of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and automated DNA sequencing was used to systematically screen this gene for sequence variations in 374 unrelated probands with a clinical diagnosis of Stargardt disease, 182 patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and 96 normal subjects. RESULTS. There was no significant difference in the proportion of any single variant or class of variant between the control and AMD groups. In contrast, truncating variants, amino acid substitutions, synonymous codon changes, and intronic variants were significantly enriched in patients with Stargardt disease when compared with their presence in subjects without Stargardt disease (Kruskal-Wallis P < 0.0001 for each variant group). Overall, there were 2480 instances of 213 different variants in the ABCA4 gene, including 589 instances of 97 amino acid substitutions, and 45 instances of 33 truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS. Of the 97 amino acid substitutions, 11 occurred at a frequency that made them unlikely to be high-penetrance recessive disease-causing variants (HPRDCV). After accounting for variants in cis, one or more changes that were compatible with HPRDCV were found on 35% of all Stargardt-associated alleles overall. The nucleotide diversity of the ABCA4 coding region, a collective measure of the number and prevalence of polymorphic sites in a region of DNA, was found to be 1.28, a value that is 9 to 400 times greater than that of two other macular disease genes that were examined in a similar fashion (VMD2 and EFEMP1).
Cytoskeletal dynamics in yeast.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes cytoskeletal processes in yeast. All eukaryotic cells have at least two cytoskeletal filament systems: actin and microtubules. In some situations, the filaments are stabilized so that they provide a permanent framework, such as the actin filaments in muscle. In others, the filaments must constantly grow and shrink as part of their function, as for microtubules in the mitotic spindle. The dynamics of the cytoskeletal filaments in animal and plant cells have been extensively analyzed with fluorescent probes. The remarkable ability of fluorescent protein (GFP) to form fluorescent molecules in heterologous systems has led to its widespread use in the analysis of both gene expression and protein localization. In yeast cells, expression of GFP alone results in general cytoplasmic fluorescence; GFP is able to enter the nucleus, but is excluded from the vacuole. Cells remain viable, and photobleaching occurs only after several minutes of continued exposure. The chapter presents strategies and techniques for generating and analyzing fusion proteins.
Bubble Disconnection: Self-Similarity and Cascading Physics

Surface tension disconnects a capillary bubble from a capillary bridge while driving a surrounding inviscid flow. Spatial and temporal behavior is studied just prior to and just after disconnection, via computation and experiment. They are in agreement both before and after the event but anticipated self-similarity is observed only beforehand. Computation coincides with observation due to modeling that identifies the cascade of physics probed as decades of length scales are traversed.
ATechnique for the Validation of Vehicle Models Using the Road Simulator

Abstract : The report discusses the process from the vehicle concept to prototype field testing in first formulating a mathematical model using the dynamic equations of motion for the suspension system and relevant components of a vehicle concept; then subjecting the model to the mission profile for which the vehicle is intended.
The Formation of Bile Acids from Cholesterol THE CONVERSION OF 5β-CHOLESTANE-3α,7α,12α-TRIOL-26-OIC ACID TO CHOLIC ACID VIA 5β-CHOLESTANE-3α,7α,12α,24ξ-TETRAOL-26-OIC ACID I BY RAT LIVER

Abstract The synthesis of 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24ξ-tetraol-26-oic acid-14C and the separation of 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,-12α,24ξ-tetraol-26-oic acids I and II are described. The conversion of 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α-triol-26-oicacid to 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24ξ-tetraol-26-oic acid I was catalyzed by rat liver mitochondria supplemented with 105,000 x g supernatant fraction, adenosine triphosphate, MgCl2, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and coenzyme A. Cell fractionation and requirement of cofactors for the same reaction were examined. 5β-Cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24ξ-tetraol-26-oic acid I which was derived from the incubation of 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α-triol-26-oic acid was further oxidized to cholic acid with 105,000 x g supernatant fraction of rat liver, ATP, MgCl2, glutathione, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and CoA. The conversion of synthetic 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24ξ-tetraol-26-oic acid-14C was examined with the use of different cell fractions of rat liver. The formation of cholic acid from 5β-cholestane-3α,7α,12α,24ξ-tetraol-26-oic acid was catalyzed by either mitochondria or 105,000 x g supernatant with NAD+ or NADP+.
Thermostabile polymere IV. Aromatische o‐cyanopolyamide

Durch Polykondensation von Dicyanophthalsauredichlorid mit aromatischen Dlaminen in Tetrahydrofuran/Dimethylacetamid wurden bei –20 °C hochmolekulare o-Cyanopolyamide hergestellt. Die o-Cyanopolyamide isomerisieren beim Erwarmen auf 250 °C in festem Zustand zu Polyiminoimiden; in Losung erfolgt die Umlagerung schon bei 100 bis 120 °C. Die Polymeren wurden charakterisiert. Aus Losung wurden flexible Filme gegossen; durch Heispressen bei 350 °C wurden Formkorper erhalten. High-molecular-weight o-cyanopolyamides have been prepared at —20 °C by polycondensation of dicyano phthalic dichloride with aromatic diamines in tetrahydrofuran/dimethylacetamide. When heated at temperatures of 250 °C in the solid state the o-cyanopolyamides isomerise to give polyiminoimides; in solution the rearrangement takes place at temperatures between 100 and 120 °C. The polymers have been characterised. Flexible films have been cast from solution; parts have been produced by moulding at 350 °C.
Water-vibration reception: A neurophysiological study in unrestrained crayfish☆

Abstract 1. 1. Chronically implanted electrodes were used to detect spike activity in the circumesophageal connectives of unrestrained crayfish. 2. 2. An interneuron in each connective and a collateral branch or second interneuron in each contralateral connective, excited by the homolateral statocyst, antennal and antennular flagella, were shown to be sensitive to water-borne vibrations. 3. 3. The interneurons code frequency, amplitude and directional aspects of the stimuli. 4. 4. The response is inhibited while the animal is moving the walking legs.
Peripheral deletion of antigen-reactive T cells in oral tolerance.

ORAL administration of antigen is used to induce antigen-specific peripheral immune tolerance1,2. As well as preventing systemic immune responses to ingested proteins3, oral tolerance to autoanti-gens has also been used to suppress autoimmune diseases in animals4-10and humans11,12. Both active suppression and clonal anergy are suggested to be mechanisms of oral tolerance, depending on the dose of antigen fed13,14. Here we report that oral antigen can delete antigen-reactive T cells in Peyer's patches, in mice transgenic for the ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor genes. The deletion was mediated by apoptosis, and was dependent on dosage and frequency of feeding. At lower doses deletion was not observed; instead there was induction of antigen-specific cells that produced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 cytokines. At higher doses, both Thl and Th2 cells were deleted following their initial activation, whereas cells which secrete TGF-β were resistant to deletion. These findings demonstrate that orally administered antigen can induce tolerance not only by active suppression and clonal anergy but by extrathymic deletion of antigen-reactive Th1 and Th2 cells.
Complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV)-A new species in the genus Carmovirus of the family Tombusviridae

Abstract Complete genomic sequence of the viral RNA of Calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV) has been determined. The CbMV genome has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA of 3919 nucleotides in length and encodes five open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a protein with predicted molecular weight of 28 kDa (p28). ORF2 extends through the amber stop codon of ORF1 to give a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 87 kDa (p87). The readthrough domain of p87 contains the GDD motif common to RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp). ORF3 and ORF4 encode two small overlapping polypeptides of 8 kDa (p8) and 9 kDa (p9), respectively. The 3′-proximal ORF5 encodes a capsid protein (CP) of 37 kDa (p37). The untranslated 5′- and 3′-terminal regions are composed of 34 and 234 non-coding nucleotides, respectively. Comparisons of amino acid sequences of the ORFs of CbMV with members of Tombusviridae show that CbMV is closely related to members of the genus Carmovirus . Phylogenetic analyses based on the amino acid sequences of RdRp and coat protein and nucleotide sequences of the whole genome reveal that CbMV forms a subgroup with several carmoviruses. Therefore, the genome organization, physico-chemical properties, sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis support the classification of CbMV as a new species in the genus Carmovirus , family Tombusviridae .
Control of Na+, K+-pump activity in dorsal root ganglionic neurons by different neuronotrophic agents.

Abstract Na+,K+-pump activity is indispensable for neuronal survival in vitro and a specific role in its regulation has been demonstrated for the NGF action on its target neurons. We have extended these earlier studies to include two other neuronotrophic agents: the chick eye-derived ciliary neuronotrophic factor (CNTF); and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). CNTF and TPA individually supported the survival of an identical (and maximal) number of embryonic day 10 (E10) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as did NGF. E10 DRG neurons, seeded as monolayer cultures with86Rb+ (as K+ tracer) but no trophic supplement in their medium, received NGF, CNTF, TPA, or no agent at 2, 4 or 6 h after seeding. The cultures were analyzed at 6 and 24 h for Na+,K+-pump performance and at 24 h for neuronal survival. Neurons receiving no agent lost their pump activity over the first 6 h and died over the 10–24 h incubation period. Both pump performance and survival were fully supported by any one of the 3 agents when provided at seeding time. Delayed presentation of NGF also led to full restoration of pump activity and survival support, as expected. In contrast, CNTF and TPA failed to correct the increasing pump deficits incurred with increasing times of trophic deprivation, and neuronal survival was proportionally reduced. Delayed addition of CNTF and TPA did, however, prevent further losses of both pump and viability. Close similarities were observed between pump failure and cell losses, demonstrating a linear correlation between pump performance and neuronal survival. Thus, neuronal survival is strongly correlated with the Na+,KK+-pump performance regardless of whether the DRG neurons are supported by NGF, CNTF or TPA. All 3 agents protect the neurons against pump losses (hence, against death), but only NGF appears to be able to restore pump function and cell viability.