cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic aspects of the action of phosphohexoseisomerase.

THE isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate⇄fructose-6-phosphate is catalysed by the enzyme phosphohexoseisomerase1, and at equilibrium a mixture of aldose and ketose in the proportion of 6/4 is present2,3. Although Bruns and Hinsberg2 have investigated the kinetics of this isomerase system by the method which was also employed in the present experiments, the thermodynamic properties of this reaction have not been studied.
Ovine genomic urocortin: cloning, pharmacologic characterization, and distribution of central mRNA.

Abstract Urocortin (Ucn), the newest member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides, has been demonstrated to have significant physiologic and behavioral effects following its peripheral and central administration, respectively. In order to assess the differences in Ucn across species, an 18-kb sheep genomic DNA fragment encoding urocortin was isolated by the hybridization screening of a lambda phage library with a probe generated from rat urocortin (rUcn) cDNA. The sheep clone contains a region that is 84% and 88% homologous to the coding region of rUcn and human Ucn (hUcn), respectively and encodes an ovine Ucn (oUcn) that is predicted to be identical to the rat peptide. Competitive binding assays demonstrated oUcn to have a high affinity ( K i =0.1 nM) for the sheep CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP) and localization studies by in situ hybridization have shown that the distribution of oUcn messenger RNA in sheep brain shares with that of rUcn in rat brain a predominant locus of expression in the Edinger–Westphal nucleus of the midbrain, though some secondary sites of expression reported in rat are not conserved. These findings demonstrate that, even across diverse species, Ucn is highly conserved with respect to its structure and pharmacology unlike CRF where significant amino acid substitutions between the rat/human and sheep peptides may underlie differences in neuroendocrine regulation.
Depression and Mortality in Medically Ill Older Adults

OBJECTIVE: To determine if major depressive disorder influences the survival of older, medically ill veterans. DESIGN: Thirty month follow-up of an inception cohort. SETTING: An academically-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred veterans, half of whom have a depressive disorder, recruited from inpatient medical and surgical units in 1990–1991. At initial evaluation all participants were older than age 65, cognitively intact, and medically but not terminally ill. MEASUREMENTS: Severity of medical illness, functional status, social support and presence of depression were measured at initial evaluation, presence of depression was measured 4 to 6 months after initial evaluation, and survival status was determined at 30 months. Retrospective medical record review was used to determine if patients received depression treatment and to explore whether depressed persons received life-sustaining medical treatment less often than nondepressed persons. RESULTS: At 30 months, 36 of the 100 subjects had died. Only two factors predicted mortality: severity of medical illness and depression. The survival of subjects who had recovered from depression at 4 to 6 months was intermediate to never depressed and continuously depressed subjects. Somatic treatment of depression did not alter outcome. There was no significant difference between depressed and nondepressed in how often life-sustaining medical treatments were withheld or withdrawn. CONCLUSION: Presence of major depression in medically-ill older hospitalized veterans continues to be a risk factor for death 30 months after diagnosis.
Josephson vortices at tricrystal boundaries

Josephson vortices at tricrystal boundaries with and without a {pi} junction in zero applied field are considered. It is shown that if the three tricrystal arms are conventional junctions, a one-flux-quantum {phi}{sub 0} vortex at or near the intersection has lower energy than one far from the intersection. If the largest Josephson length exceeds the sum of the other two, the tricrystal ceases to be a pinning site. If one of the tricrystal arms is a {pi} junction, a {phi}{sub 0}/2 vortex at the intersection is the ground state of the system, and an even number of {phi}{sub 0}/2 vortices is forbidden, whereas 3{phi}{sub 0}/2 and 5{phi}{sub 0}/2 correspond to possible but, in general, metastable states. For certain combinations of Josephson lengths, the 3{phi}{sub 0}/2 state has lower energy than the combined energy of the {phi}{sub 0}/2 vortex at the tricrystal joint and a {phi}{sub 0} vortex far from the joint. Conditions are discussed under which the 3{phi}{sub 0}/2 vortex can be observed. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Honey Bee Mortality As Related To Insecticide-Treated Surfaces and Bee Age

Honey bees, Apis mellifera L., were exposed to surfaces of plastic, glass, alfalfa leaves, rhubarb leaves, filter paper, and soil, treated with monocrotophos, carbaryl, DDT, dieldrin, malathion, and methyl parathion. Bee mortalities resulting from exposure to insecticide-treated surfaces showed sufficient differences to indicate that the surface should be taken into consideration when evaluating the effects of insecticides on bees in the laboratory. Three-weeks-old bees were generally less susceptible to insecticides than other age groups, but there were some exceptions.
Turbulent MHD transport coefficients - An attempt at self-consistency

In this paper, some multiple scale perturbation calculations of turbulent MHD transport coefficients begun in earlier papers are first completed. These generalize 'alpha effect' calculations by treating the velocity field and magnetic field on the same footing. Then the problem of rendering such calculations self-consistent is addressed, generalizing an eddy-viscosity hypothesis similar to that of Heisenberg for the Navier-Stokes case. The method also borrows from Kraichnan's direct interaction approximation. The output is a set of integral equations relating the spectra and the turbulent transport coefficients. Previous 'alpha effect' and 'beta effect' coefficients emerge as limiting cases. A treatment of the inertial range can also be given, consistent with a -5/3 energy spectrum power law. In the Navier-Stokes limit, a value of 1.72 is extracted for the Kolmogorov constant. Further applications to MHD are possible.
Cerebral oxygenation in neonatal and pediatric patients during veno-arterial extracorporeal life support.

Objective:To observe the effects of right carotid artery ligation and variations in extracorporeal life support (ECLS) flow on regional cerebral oxygenation index (rSO2i) measured using near infrared spectroscopy.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:Tertiary children's hospital.Patients:El
Calcium-activated K + channels: Metabolic regulation

Calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels are highly modulated by a large spectrum of metabolites. Neurotransmitters, hormones, lipids, and nucleotides are capable of activating and/or inhibiting KCa channels. Studies from the last few years have shown that metabolites modulate the activity of KCa channels via: (1) a change in the affinity of the channel for Ca2+ (K1/2 is modified), (2) a parallel shift in the voltage axis of the acitvation curves, or (3) a change in the slope (effective valence) of the voltage dependence curve. The shift of the voltage dependence curve can be a direct consequence of the change in the affinity for Ca2+. Recently, the mechanistic steps involved in the modulation of KCa channels are being uncovered. Some interactions may be direct on KCa channels and others may be mediated via G-proteins, second messengers, or phosphorylation. The information given in this review highlights the possibility that KCa channels can be activated or inhibited by metabolites without a change in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
The development of seasonal variation in gonadal hormones and body weight in the maturing squirrel monkey

Captive-born squirrel monkeys of three different subtypes (Colombian, Bolivian, Peruvian), ranging in age from 1 to 4.5 years for males and 1 to 3.5 years for females, were examined at 3-month intervals throughout the year for seasonal changes in levels of plasma testosterone and progesterone and in body weight. Cyclical activity of testosterone in males began between 2 and 3 years of age but became more defined by the time the animals were 3–4 years old. Peak values occurred in February and May and corresponded to the the time of year in which adults normally mate. Elevations of progesterone occurred initially at approximately 2.5 years of age in February and May, and mainly infernales of the Colombian subtype. However,unlike levels of testosterone in males of this age, which declined in August and November (following the typical breeding season), levels of progesterone in females continued to increase during these months. Seasonal changes in body weight were also found in males but these changes were less evident than, and did not correlate with, hormonal changes.
Does nanobiotechnology oversight present a uniquely complex challenge to interagency cooperation

Numerous regulatory and oversight challenges exist in the field of nanobiotechnology. Although these challenges may appear novel and complex, similar issues have plagued environmental regulation since the 1970 s. This article argues that complexity, uncertainty, and regulatory gaps are common problems in environmental regulation, and that the lessons learned and progress made during more than 40 years of environmental regulation can serve as a guidepost for addressing nanobiotechnology regulation and oversight issues.
Joint Household-Level Analysis of Individuals' Work Arrangement Choices

This paper presents a comprehensive, multidimensional, multivariate binary probit model that can simultaneously represent multiple aspects of individuals’ work arrangement decisions while accounting for interactions between household members in individual employment-related choices. The model is estimated on the basis of a survey sample drawn from the San Francisco Bay Area, California, from which a rich set of accessibility measures is available to account for built environment influences on work-related decisions. Model results show that a host of demographic, socioeconomic, built environment, and attitudinal variables influence individual choices regarding work arrangements; more importantly, the model shows that there is much employment-related interaction among household members. The model can be used to predict the employment choices of individuals within larger microsimulation models of activity-travel demand.
Distribution and Role of Trace Transition Metals in Glycera Worm Jaws Studied with Synchrotron Microbeam Techniques

A combination of position-resolved synchrotron microbeam techniques was used to explore the distribution and role of trace transition metals in the jaws of Glycera dibranchiata. The mandibles of this marine sediment worm have recently been found to be reinforced by the copper-based biomineral atacamite [Cu2(OH)3Cl]. Here we show that the system is more complex, containing zinc and iron and unmineralized copper compounds as well. X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies showed that a fraction of copper is present in oxidation state, Cu(I), in contrast to the mineral that exclusively contains Cu(II). X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed traces of copper also in the jaw base devoid of mineral. Traces of iron were found as well, but occurred spatially correlated with the copper mineral, suggesting a substitution of copper atoms by iron in the atacamite mineral. Zinc was evenly dispersed throughout the jaw matrix, quite in analogy to zinc in Nereis jaw, a related worm species, where nonmineralized zinc serves to c...
Silver‐ion HPLC of conjugated linoleic acid isomers

A ce jour, aucune chromatographie en phase gazeuse ne permet de separer les esters methyliques de l'acide linoleique conjugue que l'on rencontre dans les produits naturels ou les supplements alimentaires. Cette etude porte sur la chromatographie en phase liquide avec ions argent des CLA et de leurs esters phenacyl et methoxyphenacyl.
TTX blocks baclofen-induced phase shifts of the mammalian circadian pacemaker in vitro

Abstract The mammalian circadian pacemaker, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), expresses 24-h rhythms when isolated in vitro. The GABA A agonist, muscimol, induces phase advances during the mid-subjective day, while the GABA B agonist, baclofen, induces both daytime phase advances and nighttime phase delays. Here, we present evidence that tetrodotoxin (TTX) completely blocks baclofen-induced phase shifts in vitro, but does not block in vitro phase advances induced by muscimol. These results suggest that GABA A , but not GABA B , receptors are located on SCN pacemaker cells.
Study of Estrogen Receptor and Progesterone Receptor Expression in Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ by Immunohistochemical Staining in ER/PgR-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer

Background. To our knowledge, the hormone receptor status of noncontiguous ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) occurring concurrently in ER/PgR-negative invasive cancer has not been studied. The current study was undertaken to investigate the ER/PgR receptor status of DCIS of the breast in patients with ER/PgR-negative invasive breast cancer. Methods. We reviewed the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for ER and PgR of 187 consecutive cases of ER/PgR-negative invasive breast cancers, collected from 1995 to 2002. To meet the criteria for the study, we evaluated ER/PgR expression of DCIS cancer outside of the invasive breast cancer. Results. A total of 37 cases of DCIS meeting the above criteria were identified. Of these, 16 cases (43.2%) showed positive staining for ER, PgR, or both. Conclusions. In our study of ER/PgR-negative invasive breast cancer we found that in 8% of cases noncontiguous ER/PR-positive DCIS was present. In light of this finding, it may be important for pathologists to evaluate the ER/PgR status of DCIS occurring in the presence of ER/PgR-negative invasive cancer, as this subgroup could be considered for chemoprevention.
Novel rapidly evolving hominid RNAs bind nuclear factor 90 and display tissue-restricted distribution

Nuclear factor 90 (NF90) is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein implicated in multiple cellular functions, but with few identified RNA partners. Using in vivo cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation, we discovered a family of small NF90-associated RNAs (snaR). These highly structured non-coding RNAs of ~117 nucleotides are expressed in immortalized human cell lines of diverse lineages. In human tissues, they are abundant in testis, with minor distribution in brain, placenta and some other organs. Two snaR subsets were isolated from human 293 cells, and additional species were found by bioinformatic analysis. Their genes often occur in multiple copies arranged in two inverted regions of tandem repeats on chromosome 19. snaR-A is transcribed by RNA polymerase III from an intragenic promoter, turns over rapidly, and shares sequence identity with Alu RNA and two potential piRNAs. It interacts with NF90's double-stranded RNA-binding motifs. snaR orthologs are present in chimpanzee but not other mammals, and include genes located in the promoter of two chorionic gonadotropin hormone genes. snaRs appear to have undergone accelerated evolution and differential expansion in the great apes.
Is cosmology consistent

We perform a detailed analysis of the latest CMB measurements (including BOOMERaNG, DASI, Maxima and CBI), both alone and jointly with other cosmological data sets involving, e.g., galaxy clustering and the Lyman Alpha Forest. We first address the question of whether the CMB data are internally consistent once calibration and beam uncertainties are taken into account, performing a series of statistical tests. With a few minor caveats, our answer is yes, and we compress all data into a single set of 24 bandpowers with associated covariance matrix and window functions. We then compute joint constraints on the 11 parameters of the ``standard'' adiabatic inflationary cosmological model. Out best fit model passes a series of physical consistency checks and agrees with essentially all currently available cosmological data. In addition to sharp constraints on the cosmic matter budget in good agreement with those of the BOOMERaNG, DASI and Maxima teams, we obtain a heaviest neutrino mass range 0.04-4.2 eV and the sharpest constraints to date on gravity waves which (together with preference for a slight red-tilt) favors ``small-field'' inflation models.
Effects of Alfaprostol and uterine palpation on postpartum interval and pregnancy rate to embryo transfer in Brahman influenced beef cows.

Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of Alfaprostol, a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, and uterine palpation on reproductive performance in postpartum beef cows. In Trial J, 143 multiparous and 132 primiparous Brahman crossbred embryo recipient cows were assigned to receive one 5 mg injection of Alfaprostol between 29 and 65 d postpartum or to serve as controls. Alfaprostol treatment between 29 and 42 d postpartum decreased (P < 0.05) postpartum interval in multiparous but not primiparous cows. Alfaprostol treatment increased pregnancy rate to embryo transfer. Trial II utilized 369 multiparous Brangus cows, 17 to 49 d postpartum, that were assigned to one of three groups: 1) Alfaprostol plus uterine palpation (APP), 2) Uterine palpation only (UP) or 3) Control. Completion of uterine involution was determined at treatment. Alfaprostol plus uterine palpation decreased postpartum interval regardless of uterine involution, while UP had a greater effect if uterine involution was not complete. Both APP and UP increased the number of cows which were detected in estrus by 80 d postpartum. Alfaprostol and uterine palpation, alone or in combination, can increase postpartum reproductive performance in Brahman crossbred and Brangus beef cows.
An ethidium-acrylamide affinity medium for recovery of nucleic acids from free solution and from polyacrylamide and Agarose gels.

Abstract The simple preparation of an ethidium-bromide-based nucleic acid affinity medium is described. The medium is composed of an acrylamide matrix to which ethidium bromide is attached. Its use in preparative purification and fractionation of nucleic acids in solution and in electrophoretic elution of nucleic acids from gels is reported. Nucleic acids can be eluted from this medium with a buffered salt solution and concentrated by ethanol precipitation without persistent contamination with undesirable impurities.
Arthropod D2 receptors positively couple with cAMP through the Gi/o protein family.

Abstract The pyloric network is an important model system for understanding neuromodulation of rhythmic motor behaviors like breathing or walking. Dopamine (DA) differentially modulates neurons within the pyloric network. However, while the electrophysiological actions of DA have been well characterized, nothing is known about the signaling events that mediate its effects. We have begun a molecular characterization of DA receptors (DARs) in this invertebrate system. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of the lobster D 2 receptor, D 2αPan . We found that when expressed in HEK cells, the D 2αPan receptor is activated by DA, but not other monoamines endogenous to the lobster nervous system. This receptor positively couples with cAMP through multiple Gi/o proteins via two discrete pathways: 1) a Gα mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC), leading to a decrease in cAMP and 2) a Gβγ-mediated activation of phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ), leading to an increase in cAMP. Alternate splicing alters the potency and efficacy of the receptor, but does not affect monoamine specificity. Finally, we show that arthropod D 2 receptor coupling with cAMP varies with the cellular milieu.
Gamma cisternography: determination of adequacy of intrathecal therapy in leukemic disease

The use of Central Nervous System (CNS) prophylaxis with intrathecal chemotherapy is now considered an important early measure in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lyraphomas. It has been suggested that epidural or subdural extravasation at the time of lumbar puncture occurs frequently (NEJM 293:161, 1975). In order to determine the frequency of inadequately administered chemotherapy as well as its distribution within the CNS, Tc-99m labeled inulin complex was admixed with chemotherapy and injected intrathecally during 75 procedures. Gamma cisternograms were performed within 2 hours of drug instillation, obtaining 4 position images of the head and an image of the injection site. In 59 studies (79%) the radiopharmaceutical was seen at the basal cisterns and over the cortical subarachnoid spaces with no extravasation at the injection site. In 13 studies (17%) there was slight extravasation with the bulk of the radiopharmaceutical normally distributed. In 3 studies there was epidural or subdural localization with no subarachnoid distribution, a 4% failure rate. In these 3 procedures, there was free flow of fluid prior to injection. Inadequacy of therapy would not have been realized without cisternography. These studies demonstrate that intrathecally administered chemotherapeutic agents distribute widely within the CNS and that gamma cisternography is a valuable means of monitoring the adequacy of administration.
Visibility and Conspicuity of Detectable Warnings for Pedestrians with Visual Impairments

Detectable warnings are standardized tactile walking surfaces located at the end of curb ramps and train platforms to identify the potential hazard. A study was conducted to determine which detectable warning colors and patterns are visually detectable and conspicuous to pedestrians with visual impairments and to provide recommendations related to color, pattern, and contrast of detectable warnings for placement on sidewalks. Fifty individuals with low vision viewed each of 13 detectable warnings individually on four different types of simulated sidewalk. The set of detectable warnings included both solid colors and black-and- white patterns. The outcomes of interest were visual detection distance, participants' descriptions of detectable warning colors, and participants' ratings of each detectable warning's conspicuity against a particular simulated sidewalk. Detection distance results indicate that pedestrians with visual impairments were able to see most combinations of detectable warning and sidewalk ...
Comparison of restored and natural seagrass beds near Corpus Christi, Texas

Structural equivalence between seagrass restoration sites and adjacent natural seagrass beds on the mid Texas coast was assessed six times between April 1995 and May 1997. Throw traps and corers were used for quantitative sampling. Restoration sites were 2.7 to 6.6 yr old when first sampled and 3.7 to 8.2 yr old when last sampled. There were few significant differences in water column, seagrass, or sediment characteristics, in fish and decapod (nekton) densities, or in nekton and benthos community compositions between restored and natural seagrass habitats at any time during the study period. Differences in densities of dominant benthic invertebrates were regularly observed, with greater densities of more taxa observed in natural seagrasses than in restored beds. Densities of Class Oligochaeta and the polychaetePrionospio heterobranchiata are proposed as potential indicators of structural equivalence in restored seagrasses. This study indicates that seagrass restorations in the vicinity of Corpus Christi, Texas, exhibit minimal quantitative differences in community structure (except for benthos) relative to adjacent natural seagrass beds after 3 to 5 yr.
Human melanoma cells but not normal melanocytes express vascular endothelial growth factor receptors.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a specific mitogen for endothelial cells in vitro and an angiogenic factor in vivo. Its role in other cell types is not yet clear. To explore its possible involvement in malignant transformation, we studied the expression of its receptors in normal and malignant melanocytes. Binding and cross-linking experiments showed that human melanoma cells but not normal melanocytes express VEGF receptors. Separation of reaction products by SDS-PAGE demonstrated the presence of 125I-VEGF/receptor complexes of 180 and 165 kDa in the melanoma cells. A diffuse complex with a mass of ∼235 kDa was also detected in some experiments. Heparin enhanced the binding of the radioactive ligand to the receptors of the WW94 and SW1614 melanoma cell lines. This binding was completely abolished by heparinase digestion and was restored by the addition of exogenous heparin, indicating that heparin-like molecules are necessary for ligand/receptor interaction. This study suggests that the aberrant expression of VEGF receptors is one of the phenotypic changes occurring in melanoma cells during malignant transformation.
Inherited lipemic splenomegaly and the spectrum of apolipoprotein E p.Leu167del mutation phenotypic variation

Objective We review disorders associated with splenomegaly and dyslipidemia with an emphasis on the APOE p.Leu167del mutation. Recent studies suggest that this rare mutation may present more often without splenomegaly in patients with familial combined hyperlipidemia or autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia. We supplement the literature review by reporting a new kindred. Methods We reviewed our 3405-patient lipid clinic database to identify persons with dyslipidemia and splenomegaly. Identified patients were evaluated for relevant disorders, including genetic testing for a 3-base pair deletion in APOE that causes deletion of leucine at position 167 of apolipoprotein E. Results We identified 4 patients with splenomegaly and dyslipidemia, one of whom had a heterozygous APOE p.Leu167del mutation. This proband is a 76-year-old man with a history of splenomegaly first noted at age 13 and subsequent diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia in his third decade. He never required splenectomy, and his splenic enlargement regressed over time with medical management of his hypertriglyceridemia. The APOE p.Leu167del mutation was also found in the proband's son and granddaughter, neither of whom has splenomegaly or marked dyslipidemia. Conclusion Splenomegaly in association with dyslipidemia may indicate the presence of an underlying disorder. We discuss possible causes, review the literature relating to the rare APOE p.Leu167del mutation, and present a 3-generation kindred with variable phenotypic expression of this mutation. Severity of expression may depend on genotype, sex, or effective medical management of dyslipidemia or a combination of these factors. Aggressive lipid treatment may improve or prevent splenomegaly among patients with this disorder.
The temporal variations of lead concentration in a freshwater lake

The temporal and spatial variations in the Pb concentration of a freshwater recreational lake were determined, and the results compared with daily records of lake volume, residence time and number of boats launched. In addition, laboratory studies were carried out to establish the influence of sediment-water interactions on the Pb concentration of the lake water. The variation in the Pb concentration in the main body of the lake was found to correlate with the lake volume. This fact, together with the laboratory studies and calculations based on a plug flow model, suggests that sediment-water interactions are significant in controlling the Pb concentration in the main body of the lake. On the other hand, boating was found to be important in controlling the Pb concentration in the boat dock area. The water in this area is subjected to both poor mixing and heavy boat traffic.
STOCHASTIC POST-BUCKLING OF FRAMES USING KOITER'S METHOD

The objective of this paper is to explore the impact of stochastic inputs on the buckling and post-buckling response of structural frames. In particular, we examine the impact of random member stiffness on the buckling load, and the initial slope and curvature of the post-buckling response of three example frames. A finite element implementation of Koiter's perturbation method is employed to efficiently examine the post-buckling response. Monte Carlo simulations where the member stiffness is treated as a random variable, as well as correlated and uncorrelated random fields, are completed. The efficiency of Koiter's perturbation method is the key to the feasibility of applying Monte Carlo simulation techniques, which typically requires a large number of sample simulations. In an attempt to curtail the need for multiple sample calculations, an alternative first-order perturbation expansion is proposed for approximating the mean and variance of the post-buckling behavior. However, the limitations of this first-order perturbation approximation are demonstrated to be significant. The simulations indicate that deterministic characteristics of the post-buckling response can be inadequate in the face of input randomness. In one case, a frame that is stable symmetric in the deterministic case is found to be asymmetric when randomness in the input is incorporated; therefore, this frame has real potential for imperfection sensitivity. The importance of random field models for the member stiffness as opposed to random variable models is highlighted. The simulations indicate that the post-buckling response can magnify input randomness, as variability in the post-buckling parameters can be greater than the variability in the input parameters.
Changes in the redox state of the secondary acceptor of Photosystem II associated with light-induced thylakoid protein phosphorylation☆

Abstract Thylakoid membrane protein phosphorylation affects photochemical reactions of Photosystem II. Incubation of thylakoids in the light with ATP leads to: (1) an increase in the amplitude of three components (4–6, 25–45 and 280–300 μs) of delayed light emission after a single flash without any change in their kinetics; (2) a reduction of the flash-dependent binary oscillations of chlorophyll a fluorescence yield associated with electron transfer from the primary quinone acceptor, Q, to the secondary quinone acceptor, B; (3) an increase in the B − B ratio resulting from an increase in stability of the semiquinone anion during dark adaptation; and (4) no change in the redox state of the plastoquinone pool as determined by flash-induced photooxidation of the Photosystem I reaction center, P-700. All the above observations are reversible upon dephosphorylation of the thylakoid membranes. These data are explained by a protein phosphorylation-induced stabilization of the bound semiquinone anion, B−. It is proposed that this increased stability may be due to an alteration in the accessibility of an endogenous reductant to B, or to an increase in dissipative cycling of charge around Photosystem II.
A nurse-educator in sex and disability

This article discusses the role of one nurse in sex education for people who are physically disabled. A class taught to teenagers who are physically disabled is described, as is an HEW training project for special education professionals and parents of children and young people who are physically disabled.
The superficial inferior epigastric artery fascia flap in the rabbit.

In reconstructive surgery, fascial flaps provide thin, pliable tissue for mucosal closure or serve as a highly vascularized support for skin grafts. Their angiogenic potential is used for experimental neovascularization of avascular tissue grafts. However, most fascial flaps in animal surgery have random pattern design with short reach. As a pilot study for a femur revascularization project in rabbits, a new axial fascial flap is described based on the superficial inferior epigastric (SIE) vessels. They were used in this species previously only as ligated bundles or in fasciocutaneous flaps. The topographical anatomy of the SIE-vessels, lower abdominal fascia, and panniculus carnosus are outlined. The angiogenic capabilities are demonstrated microangiographically by abundant vessel formation in a femur allograft. Used in a pedicled fashion, this flap is an alternative to femoral and saphenous vessels for prefabrication or revascularization procedures in the lower abdomen, genital area, and thigh. Distant recipient sites seem possible with microsurgical transfer. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Recent Bairdiidae (Ostracoda) From Ascension Island

A collection of intertidal algae on rocky shores of Ascension Island has yielded a large population of living ostracodes, most of which belong to four species of Bairdiidae. The shallow benthonic ostracodes of Ascension are almost completely unknown, and no bairdiids have previously been reported. The association appears to have both Mediterranean and Caribbean affinities. Our acquaintance with the ostracode faunas on both sides of the equatorial Atlantic is so slight that it seems appropriate to describe these few bairdiid species, even though the material available by no means represents the entire ostracode fauna of Ascension Island. The most abundant form is a new species of Neonesidea, N. manningi. More noteworthy is the occurrence of a Triebelina closely related to T. raripila (M?ller), a Mediterranean species first described from the Bay of Naples. The third form, Bairdoppilata? species 1, is closely related to a common Caribbean-Antillean species. Another species of Bairdoppilata? is represented by a single specimen. These samples were collected by R. B. Manning and Doug Rogers (Smithsonian Institution), 22 May 1971, and comprise U. S. National Museum Accession No. 294338. The locations are as follows:
The effect of calcium oxalate crystallization kinetics on the kinetics of calcium uptake and calcium ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles

Abstract The ionophore A23187 is a potent inhibitor of oxalate supported calcium uptake if added before uptake is initiated by ATP and is a much weaker inhibitor of uptake once uptake has been initiated. This observation is shown to be due to a failure of oxalate to capture the transported calcium at the beginning of uptake because the rate of calcium oxalate crystallization is initially slow, thereby allowing the ionophore to release the accumulated calcium. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that calcium oxalate crystallization shows a lag phase which is absent when calcium oxalate seeds are in the reaction system. Once calcium uptake has progressed, calcium oxalate seeds are present in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium oxalate crystallization proceeds sufficiently rapidly that the ionophore cannot compete successfully for calcium. That A23187 and oxalate compete for intravesicular ionic calcium is shown by the stimulation which each produces in ATPase activity and by the dependence of ionophore activity on oxalate concentration. The failure of calcium oxalate crystallization to reach equilibrium during the early phase of calcium uptake caused us to examine whether at any time during calcium uptake, crystallization reaches equilibrium. Skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum accumulated calcium at such a high rate that oxalate, in concentrations up to 20mM, was unable to clamp intravesicular calcium at equilibrium values. The lower rate of calcium accumulation by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or perhaps its greater permeability to oxalate apparently allows intravesicular calcium to be clamped by oxalate.
The FELSTRON: an electrostatic accelerator FEL oscillator power source for linear colliders

Abstract Electrostatic free electron lasers (FELs) operating in the oscillator mode have been demonstrated to be extremely efficient sources of coherent electromagnetic (laser) radiation. Output wavelengths between tens of microns and a few centimeters are achievable. The average power of these devices can be quite large (100s of kW). Linear colliders require high peak power as well as high average power. By storing the laser energy of an electrostatic FEL oscillator in a resonant cavity, and then employing a cavity dump, extremely high peak output power is obtainable. The high efficiency, accessible wavelength range, large average power and high peak power make electrostatic accelerator FELs excellent candidates for linear collider power sources.
SHOULD PHILOSOPHERS AND EDUCATORS BE SPEAKING TO EACH OTHER

In a previous issue of Educational Theory, Ren6 Arcilla sets out to explain why philosophers and educators are not speaking to one another. He begins with the contention that ”the philosophical community expresses no interest in thinking about education,” and ”the educational community does not seem to care about philosophy.”’ In an effort to effect a rapprochement between the two, Arcilla turns to Dewey’s analysis of the relationships between philosophy and education as these are developed in Democracy and Education. Arcilla contends that Dewey’s conception of the connections remain powerful and evocative, but falls short in an important way. Educators have not turned to philosophy for the social theory they need to sustain their educative endeavors, as Dewey would have them do. Rather they turned to social science, with the result that “the conversation between philosophers and educators [is] today dead” [PE, 8). Arcilla offers two ways to recover the conversation. The first is for philosophers of education to join the social science theorizers, becoming such things as “feminist anthropological theorists, or liberal political-science theorists, or postmodernist sociological theorists” (PE, 10). Arcilla asserts that many philosophers of education have selected this first path, perhaps unaware that its ultimate consequence is the abandonment of philosophy. The second option is for philosophers of education “to discover how to make those parts of philosophy which are precisely not featured in the social sciences pertinent to educators” ” (PE, 11). Arcilla concludes with only a hint of how this second option works, directing us to consider skepticism and skeptical questioning as something unique to the work of the philosopher that is not also contributed by the social scientist. This fretful analysis of the current state of affairs between philosophy and education is provocative and clearly well-intentioned. It is also illuminating in its critique of Dewey’s exposition of the connections between philosophy and education. But alas it is also too imprecise, at too gross a level, and with too many questionable presuppositions to serve as a compelling warning to philosophers of education to alter their conduct. In turning over the definitions and logic of Arcilla’s argument, I try to show how the absence of nuance and complexity impairs the case he makes. I also raise doubts about the central theme of Arcilla’s argument, that the marriage between philosophers and educators “is currently on the rocks, ” that the conversation between the two is dead. I conclude with some ways of thinking about
Speaking Up: Mixed Race Identity in Black Communities

Within Black communities, individuals of mixed Black/White parentage have faced diverse reactions, ranging from elevation to scorn. These reactions have often been based on the oppressions of histo...
Nuclear Proteins Nut1p and Nut2p Cooperate To Negatively Regulate a Swi4p-Dependent lacZ Reporter Gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The URS2 region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HO upstream region contains 10 binding sites for the Swi4p/Swi6p transcription factor and confers Swi4p dependence for transcription. Using a hybrid promoter, UASGAL (upstream activation sequence of GAL1)-URS2R, in which the GAL1-10 regulatory region is fused to the proximal 360 bp of URS2, we isolated mutants in which Swi4p is no longer required for transcription. Mutations of SIN4, ROX3, SRB8, SRB9, SRB10, SRB11, and two novel genes, NUT1 and NUT2, relieve the requirement of Swi4p for expression of this reporter. We found that NUT1 (open reading frame [ORF] YGL151w) is a nonessential gene, that NUT2 (ORF YPR168w) is essential, and that both Nut1p and Nut2p encode nuclear proteins. Deletion of NUT1 causes a constitutive, Swi4p-independent phenotype only in combination with the nut2-1 allele or an allele of CCR4. In contrast, inactivation of a temperature-sensitive allele of NUT2, nut2-ts70, alone causes constitutivity. nut1Δ nut2-1 cells and sin4Δ cells exhibit Swi4p-independent expression of an ho-lacZ reporter but not of an intact ho gene. Likewise, a pPHO5-lacZ construct is constitutively expressed in nut1 nut2 mutants relative to their wild-type counterparts. These results suggest that Nut1p, Nut2p, Sin4p, and Ccr4p define a group of proteins that negatively regulate transcription in a subtle manner which is revealed by artificial reporter genes.
Analysis of Optical Resonators Involving Focusing Elements

The electromagnetic fields in optical resonators involving focusing elements are considered. The work is restricted to cases where the electromagnetic fields are small at the edges of any optical elements so that there is no significant aperturing. The paper presents the analytical solution for the fields across two reference surfaces (often the end mirrors) within the resonator, and describes graphically the fields inside and outside the resonator. The analytical solution uses Huygens’ principle, but maintains generality in that the expressions relating the geometry of the particular optical resonator are left in terms of constants, which can be simply evaluated for the particular resonator. The expressions for the fields (over the reference surfaces), resonant frequencies, and stability conditions are given. The graphical description of the fields inside and outside the resonator is in terms of two experimentally observable variables: the radius of curvature of phase fronts and the spot size. A chart is utilized which permits a simple numerical presentation of those variables as a function of position along the axis, and enables a simple calculation of the higher-order transverse mode frequencies.
Coupling planktonic ecosystem and fisheries food web models for a pelagic ecosystem: Description and validation for the subarctic Pacific

Abstract We provide a modeling framework that fully couples a one-dimensional physical mixed layer model, a biogeochemical model, and an upper trophic level fisheries model. For validation purposes, the model has been parameterized for the pelagic Eastern Pacific Subarctic Gyre ecosystem. This paper presents a thorough description of the model itself, as well as an ensemble-based parameterization process that allows the model to incorporate the high level of uncertainty associated with many upper trophic level predator-prey processes. Through a series of model architecture experiments, we demonstrate that the use of a consistent functional response for all predator-prey interactions, as well as the use of density-dependent mortality rates for planktonic functional groups, are important factors in reproducing annual and seasonal observations. We present the results of a 50-year climatological simulation, which demonstrates that under contemporary physical forcing, the model is capable of reproducing long-term seasonal dynamics in primary production and biogeochemical cycling, while maintaining steady-state coexistence of upper trophic level functional groups at levels consistent with observations.
The effects of transport stress on tiger physiology and behavior

Tigers are often transported for education, conservation, and zoo enhancement purposes, however the effect of transfer on them has not yet been documented. Our objective was to evaluate how transport affects the behavior and physiology of tigers, taking into account previous experience with the transport procedure. We simulated transport by relocating five tigers in a small individual transfer cage. Two tigers had prior experience with the procedure, and three tigers were naive to it. After 30 min, each tiger was released back into their original enclosure. Physiological measurements were recorded for four of the five tigers; these included respiration rate and immune-reactive fecal cortisol response using radioimmunoassay. We also recorded the behavior of all five tigers before, during, and after transport. Our behavioral analysis included activity level, pacing behavior, time spent investigating, respiration rate, and ear position. Average respiration rates of all tigers increased from 56.1 breaths/min to 94.6 breaths/min during transport and to 132.3 breaths/min 10 min following release into their enclosures. Average immune-reactive cortisol concentrations peaked 3–6 days after transport at 239% above baseline and returned to baseline levels 9–12 days afterward. During their peak time block, naive tigers exhibited a higher average increase in cortisol levels (482% above baseline) than the experienced tigers (158% above baseline). The naive tigers' average immune-reactive cortisol concentration remained elevated for a longer period (9–12 days) than the experienced tigers' (3–6 days). In both groups, behavioral responses ranged from active to inactive, however naive tigers performed these repertoires with greater intensity by pacing faster and performing fewer state changes. Results suggest that prior exposure to elements of the transport procedure may lead to some level of habituation, thus reducing the effects of transportation stress. Zoo Biol 23:335–346, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Further Studies on the Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Pneumococcal Type 6A Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugates

Conjugates were prepared by carbodiimide-mediated coupling of adipic acid hydrazide derivatives of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Escherichia coli K100, and pneumococcal 6A (Pn6A) polysaccharides with tetanus toxoid (TT), as an example of a “useful” carrier, and horseshoe crab hemocyanin (HCH), as an example of a “nonsense” carrier. These conjugates were injected into NIH mice, and their serum antibody responses to the polysaccharides and proteins were characterized. As originally reported, Hib conjugates increased the immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharide and elicited greater than the estimated protective levels of anti-Hib antibodies in most recipients after one injection and in all after the third injection (Schneerson et al., J. Exp. Med. 152:361-376, 1980). Both Hib conjugates induced similar anti-Hib responses. The K100-HCH conjugate was more immunogenic than the K100-TT conjugate and elicited anti-Hib responses similar to the Hib conjugates after the third injection. Simultaneous injection of the K100 and the Hib conjugates did not enhance the anti-Hib response. The Pn6A-TT conjugate induced low levels of anti-Hib antibodies; when injected simultaneously with the Hib conjugates, the anti-Hib response was enhanced, as all mice responded after the first injection and with higher levels of anti-Hib than observed with the Hib conjugates alone (P 100 ng of antibody nitrogen per ml) in 6 of 10 mice after the third injection. The addition of the Hib-HCH conjugate to the Pn6A-TT conjugate increased the anti-Pn6A response with a higher geometric mean antibody titer, and 9 of 10 mice responded after the third injection. A preparation of diphtheria toxoid, TT, and pertussis vaccine increased the anti-Hib antibody levels after the first injection only in mice receiving Hib-TT, but not in mice receiving Hib-HCH, suggesting that additional carrier protein (TT) enhanced the anti-polysaccharide response. Simultaneous injection of Hib and Pn6A conjugates with the same or different carriers resulted in an enhanced serum antibody response to each polysaccharide. The anti-tetanus toxin response reached protective levels (>0.01 U/ml) in most mice after the first injection and in all mice after the second and third injections of TT conjugates. A progressive increase in the anti-HCH response with each additional injection was noted in animals receiving HCH conjugates. Animals receiving the diphtheria toxoid-TT-pertussis vaccine preparation responded with a greater increase in anti-carrier antibody than those receiving the conjugates alone. This method of synthesis provided conjugates capable of inducing protective levels of antibodies to both the polysaccharides and carrier proteins.