cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between accounting students' love of money and their ethical perception

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how accounting students view cheating actions inside and outside the classroom. It relates the love of money, a psychological variable, to the ethical perceptions of accounting students by examining their cheating perceptions.Design/methodology/approach – A survey is developed based on cheating actions and the love of money scales and administered to 213 undergraduate and graduate accounting students in two universities in the western US students' perceptions of cheating are measured. Students are classified according to their love of money as money‐worshippers, money‐repellants, or careless money‐admirers.Findings – Accounting students view cheating actions outside the classroom as more unethical than cheating actions inside the classroom. The love of money is significantly related to perceptions of cheating. Money worshippers view cheating actions as more ethical followed by money‐admirers and money‐repellants who view such actions as more unethical....
Bayesian Fan Charts for U.K. Inflation: Forecasting and Sources of Uncertainty in an Evolving Monetary System

Abstract We estimate a Bayesian vector autoregression for the U.K. with drifting coefficients and stochastic volatilities. We use it to characterize posterior densities for several objects that are useful for designing and evaluating monetary policy, including local approximations to the mean, persistence, and volatility of inflation. We present diverse sources of uncertainty that impinge on the posterior predictive density for inflation, including model uncertainty, policy drift, structural shifts and other shocks. We use a recently developed minimum entropy method to bring outside information to bear on inflation forecasts. We compare our predictive densities with the Bank of England's fan charts.
CO-FISH reveals inversions associated with isochromosome formation

Despite the likely prevalence and documented biological impact of inverted DNA sequences in humans and other species, our ability to detect them on a routine basis is limited. The technique of chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization (CO-FISH) was used to detect obligate chromosome inversions associated with isochromosome formation in two human cell lines. Simultaneous hybridization of a strand-specific telomeric probe allowed us to deduce the absolute orientation of repetitive DNA sequences associated with the inverted region. These results show that, in principle, CO-FISH could be used to detect virtually any type of inversion, including those likely to escape detection by other methods. Prospective applications of the technique are discussed in relation to its principal limitation, the present availability of suitable single-stranded DNA probes.
Optical Properties of Rectangular Cross-sectional ZnS Nanowires

ZnS nanowaveguides with rectangular cross-section (∼50 × 50 nm2 ) and tens of microns in length have been synthesized by pulsed laser vaporization of ZnS/10% Au targets in a flow of Ar/5% H2. The highly crystalline filaments exhibit the wurtzite structure, growing mainly along the [001] or [100] directions. Photoluminescence at room temperature shows strong near-edge luminescence doublets (∼3.75 eV and 3.68 eV) and a weak defect luminescence structure attributed to stoichiometric defects and possibly to Au impurities. Optical absorption (OA) at room temperature shows a strong broadening of the fundamental direct absorption edge identified with stoichoimetric defects. Two peaks (3.75 and 3.85 eV) in the OA are also observed. We believe that the structure in the photoluminescence and optical absorption (3.68, 3.75, 3.85 eV) are from direct transitions between the conduction band and the spin−orbit/crystal field splitting of the valance bands. Theoretical results are also presented that show the size-depende...
The size–grain hypothesis and interspecific scaling in ants

1. The size–grain hypothesis maintains that as terrestrial walking organisms decrease in size, their environment becomes less planar and more rugose. The benefits of long legs (efficient, speedy movement over a planar environment) may thus decrease with smaller body size, while the costs (larger cross-sectional area limiting access to the interstitial environment) are enhanced. 2. A prediction from this hypothesis – that leg size should increase proportionately with body mass – is examined. Ants are among the smallest walking animals and extend the size gradient five orders of magnitude beyond the traditional ‘mouse to elephant’ curve. The mass of 135 species of worker ants spans 3·7 orders of magnitude (0·008–53 mg). Larger ants tended to be slimmer and longer legged. Ant subfamilies varied in their scaling relationships, but four out of five showed a positive allometry for hind leg length (b > 0·33). Mammals, in contrast, show isometry for leg length over six orders of magnitude. 3. It is suggested that ants make a transition from living in an interstitial environment when small to a planar environment when large, a habit continued by most terrestrial mammals. Head length and pronotum width are robust estimators of mass in ants.
The Mental Efficiency of the Elderly Person with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Cognitive function is often impaired in type I diabetes mellitus, especially when onset is in early childhood. Limited evidence suggests similar impairment in the much larger population of older persons with type II diabetes. We report here the results of 13 measures of mental efficiency in persons between 65 and 77 years of age without gross mental impairment. Nineteen persons with type II diabetes were compared with 19 controls with normal glycosylated hemoglobin values and to seven persons not previously known to have diabetes but who had elevated glycosylated hemoglobin. Significant differences (P less than .05) between the nondiabetic control and diabetic groups were noted on eight of the 13 tests. The group of subjects with elevated glycosylated hemoglobins showed levels of cognitive performance intermediate between the normal and known diabetic groups on the majority of tests. These findings confirm that mental efficiency is frequently impaired in older persons with diabetes. Given the high prevalence of diabetes in the aging population we suggest that diabetes may be another important factor contributing to premature loss of cognitive abilities in older people.
Reading Attitudes of Middle School Students: Results of a U.S. Survey

To examine the current state of reading attitudes among middle school students in the United States, a survey was developed and administered to 4,491 students in 23 states plus the District of Columbia. The instrument comprised four subscales measuring attitudes toward: recreational reading in print settings, recreational reading in digital settings, academic reading in print settings, and academic reading in digital settings. Factor analysis confirmed the factor structure corresponding to the four subscales, and reliability coefficients for these subscales ranged from 0.78 to 0.86. Correlations among the subscales varied considerably, due largely to the recreational digital subscale. Analyses of variance subsequently confirmed a pattern for the recreational digital subscale that differed from that of the others. For academic digital, recreational print, and academic print, the attitudes of females were more positive than those of males; however, for attitudes toward recreational reading in digital settings, the pattern was reversed. In addition, results for three of the subscales showed a gradual worsening of attitudes from 6th to 8th grade. The exception was academic print, for which attitudes did not differ by grade. No interactions were observed between grade and gender for any of the subscales. Results are discussed in the context of attitude theory and the rapid evolution of digital literacy and its social uses by adolescents.
An MSI Micromechanical Differential Disk-Array Filter

A medium-scale integrated (MSI) vibrating micromechanical filter circuit that utilizes 128 radial-mode disk and mechanical link elements to achieve low motional resistance while suppressing unwanted modes and feedthrough signals has been demonstrated with a 0.06%-bandwidth insertion loss less than 2.5 dB at 163 MHz. The ability to attain an insertion loss this small for such a tiny percent bandwidth on chip is unprecedented and is made possible here by the availability of Q's >10,000 provided by capacitively transduced resonators. In particular, the MSI mechanical circuit is able to harness the high Q of capacitively transduced resonators while overcoming their impedance deficiencies via strategic mechanical circuit design methodologies, such as the novel use of wavelength-optimized resonator coupling to effect a differential mode of operation that substantially improves the stopband rejection of the filter response while also suppressing unwanted modes.
Characterization of an extremely thermostable restriction enzyme, PspGI, from a Pyrococcus strain and cloning of the PspGI restriction-modification system in Escherichia coli.

An extremely thermostable restriction endonuclease, PspGI, was purified from Pyrococcus sp. strain GI-H. PspGI is an isoschizomer of EcoRII and cleaves DNA before the first C in the sequence 5' CCWGG 3' (W is A or T). PspGI digestion can be carried out at 65 to 85 degrees C. To express PspGI at high levels, the PspGI restriction-modification genes (pspGIR and pspGIM) were cloned in Escherichia coli. M.PspGI contains the conserved sequence motifs of alpha-aminomethyltransferases; therefore, it must be an N4-cytosine methylase. M.PspGI shows 53% similarity to (44% identity with) its isoschizomer, M.MvaI from Micrococcus variabilis. In a segment of 87 amino acid residues, PspGI shows significant sequence similarity to EcoRII and to regions of SsoII and StyD4I which have a closely related recognition sequence (5' CCNGG 3'). PspGI was expressed in E. coli via a T7 expression system. Recombinant PspGI was purified to near homogeneity and had a half-life of 2 h at 95 degrees C. PspGI remained active following 30 cycles of thermocycling; thus, it can be used in DNA-based diagnostic applications.
An integrated head pose and eye gaze tracking approach to non-intrusive visual attention measurement for wide FOV simulators

Eye gaze tracking is very useful for quantitatively measuring visual attention in virtual environments. However, most eye trackers have a limited tracking range, e.g., ±35° in the horizontal direction. This paper proposed a method to combine head pose tracking and eye gaze tracking together to achieve a large range of tracking in virtual driving simulation environments. Multiple parallel multilayer perceptrons were used to reconstruct the relationship between head images and head poses. Head images were represented with the coefficients extracted from Principal Component Analysis. Eye gaze tracking provides precise results on the front view, while head pose tracking is more suitable for tracking areas of interest than for tracking points of interest on the side view.
Design of a diode-laser sensor to monitor water vapor in high-pressure combustion gases

The design of a diode-laser sensor to monitor water vapor in high-pressure combustion gases is described. The sensor, which employs a multiple-fixed-wavelength absorption strategy, has the potential to simultaneously monitor the water mole fraction and the temperature and pressure in high-pressure and high-temperature environments. The conventional scanned-wavelength strategy, employed in previous diode-laser sensors, is shown to be ill-suited for high-pressure applications. The application of impact and additive approximations in the modeling of H(2)O absorption features at high pressures is validated experimentally for number densities as high as 18 amagats. Criteria to select optimum wavelength combinations for the fixed-wavelengths strategy are discussed. Optimum wavelength combinations that meet these criteria are identified for different temperature and pressure ranges of interest to combustion applications. The proposed sensor configuration and a strategy to obtain the baseline (zero absorption intensity) in high-pressure environments are also described. Line-shape models that are appropriate for different temperature and pressure regimes are identified.
Bureaucrats in the Headlights: Question Times and Delegation to Bureaucrats

This study argues that the structure of parliamentary questioning affects decisions to delegate authority from ministers to bureaucrats. Open, spontaneous question times where ministers can be forced to account for bureaucratic action publicly and with little or no notice are hypothesised to be associated with less delegation. This is because the reputational risks to ministers are higher in such an environment. Cross-national empirical evidence, building on Huber and Shipan's 2002 analysis of delegation, supports this theory. The evidence suggests that valence dimensions as well as policy dimensions are important to delegation decisions, and also supports a general conjecture that governments delegate less to bureaucrats when legislative–executive relations favour the legislature.
Acquisition of packets with a short preamble for direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access packet communications

Traditional methods for the acquisition of packets use the a priori information contained in the preamble, which is located at the start of each packet. For spread-spectrum systems such as a direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet communication, the preamble consists of a short period of known code sequence and the code sequence continues until the end of the packet, i.e., the information that may be useful for the acquisition continues even after the preamble period for spreading of message symbols. In this work, for direct-sequence packet communications we. propose a technique to enhance the performance of a packet acquisition system which uses not only the preamble but also the message payloads that follow the preamble. The proposed method is a tradeoff between the accuracy in the declaration of acquisition and receiver complexity. Using the proposed method we improve the probability of acquiring packets that leads to an increase in the throughput of the packet system, which is defined as the average number of successful packets given the offered traffic.
Application of A Microstructural Constitutive Model of the Pulmonary Artery to Patient-Specific Studies: Validation and Effect of Orthotropy

We applied a statistical mechanics based microstructural model of pulmonary artery mechanics, developed from our previous studies of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), to patient-specific clinical studies of children with PAH. Our previous animal studies provoked the hypothesis that increased cross-linking density of the molecular chains may be one biological remodeling mechanism by which the PA stiffens in PAH. This study appears to further confirm this hypothesis since varying molecular cross-linking density in the model allows us to simulate the changes in the P-D loops between normotensive and hypertensive conditions reasonably well. The model was combined with patient-specific three-dimensional vascular anatomy to obtain detailed information on the topography of stresses and strains within the proximal branches of the pulmonary vasculature. The effect of orthotropy on stress/strain within the main and branch PAs obtained from a patient was explored. This initial study also puts forward important questions that need to be considered before combining the microstructural model with complex patient-specific vascular geometries.
Phase Stability in Fe-15 Ni-x Cr Alloys Under Ion or Electron Irradiation

Three high-purity Fe-Ni-Cr alloys have been irradiated with heavy ions and with electrons at 450, 550, and 650°C to doses up to 60 dpa. The heavy ion irradiations were carried out with Ni 6 + ions, and specimens were irradiated both with and without helium preinjection. The electron irradiations were carried out in a high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) on specimens without helium preinjection. The alloy compositions were Fe-15 Ni-10 Cr, Fe-15 Ni-16 Cr, and Fe-15 Ni-20 Cr, all with low carbon levels. The latter two of these compositions are austenitic at room temperature, whereas the first can include martensite on rapid cooling. According to the computer calculated phase diagrams of Watkins et al., all of these alloy compositions would be metastable at the lowest irradiation temperature in the present study, but the austenitic phase structure should be stable in all of the alloys at the highest irradiation temperature. Voids were formed in all of these alloys during irradiation at 650°C to 30 dpa, and swelling levels at that dose were independent of the presence or absence of preinjected helium. The more interesting irradiation behavior consisted of irradiation induced phase transformations, predominantly during irradiation at 450°C. The Fe-15 Ni-16 Cr alloy precipitated a fine distribution of M 2 3 C 6 after 30 dpa at 450°C under heavy ion irradiation. Similar precipitates were not found in either of the two other alloys under similar irradiation conditions. The formation of these precipitates in a low carbon alloy was surprising. The precipitates were nucleated uniformly and were not associated with dislocation loops or other microstructural features. The more striking irradiation induced phase transformation was the evolution of austenitic regions in the martensitic laths in the Fe-15 Ni-10 Cr alloy during irradiation at 450°C. This martensitic reversion reaction seems to involve a mechanism associated with dislocation loop formation. The martensitic reversion reaction was observed for materials irradiated both by HVEM and by heavy ions. The austenitic precipitates were stable and grew with irradiation at 450°C. They were found to nucleate in all orientations consistent with the Nishiyama-Wassermann relation in the body centered cubic matrix. This paper develops an explanation of this behavior based on dislocation loop morphology and relative phase stability.
The effect of puromycin on intranuclear steps in ribosome biosynthesis.

Inhibition of protein synthesis by puromycin (100 γ/ml) is known to inhibit the synthesis of ribosomes. However, ribosomal precursor RNA (45S) continues to be synthesized, methylated, and processed. Cell fractionation studies revealed that, although the initial processing (45S → 32S + 16S) occurs in the presence of puromycin, the 16S moiety is immediately degraded. No species of ribosomal RNA can be found to have emerged from the nucleolus. The RNA formed in the presence of puromycin is normal as judged by its ability to enter new ribosomal particles after puromycin is removed. This sequence of events is not a result of inhibition of protein synthesis, for cycloheximide, another inhibitor of protein synthesis, either alone or in combination with puromycin allows the completion of new ribosomes.
Paper 2: Virtual vs. Concrete Manipulatives in Mathematics Teacher Education: A Call for Research

Are virtual manipulatives as effective as concrete (hands-on) manipulatives to build conceptual understanding of number concepts and relationships in pre-service middle grades teachers? In the past, the use of concrete manipulatives in mathematics courses for Clayton State University’s preservice middle grades teachers has proven to be a very effective way to build conceptual understanding of a variety of mathematical topics. This paper presents an argument for the need for research into the usefulness of virtual manipulatives for enhancing mathematics teacher education and their potential to supplement (or replace?) concrete manipulatives. Virtual vs. Concrete Manipulatives in Mathematics Teacher Education: A Call for
SOME SPECULATIONS CONCERNING ALLERGY.

The concept of allergy, now a little more than fifty years old, has had a profound and enduring influence on medical thinking; however, with the ever accelerating rate of increase of knowledge, all theories and supposed facts need frequent reappraisal. It is well to remember the wise words of Josh Billings: “It isn't what we don't know that makes us ignorant. It is what we know that is wrong.” It will be the purpose of this paper to re-evaluate some aspects of sensitization phenomena.
TPACKtivity: An Activity-Theory Lens for Examining TPACK Development

TPACKtivity is discussed as a means to examine preservice teachers’ TPACK development. TPACKtivity employs activity theory to identify objectives, mediating tools, rules and community, as part of activity settings that contribute to, or detract from, TPACK development. The lens is described and applied in examining seven preservice teachers’ experiences and perceptions of various activity settings’ impacts on their learning to teach disciplinary content with technology. The TPACKtivity lens identified mediating tools for developing TPACK, made explicit the roles of the community members in contributing toward subjects’ TPACK development, and brought to light rules about technology use in classrooms that impact TPACK development. The findings illustrate the effectiveness of the TPACKtivity lens in sorting through the complexities of TPACK development across multiple settings.
All Fun and Cool Clothes? Youth Workers’ Consumer Identity in Clothing Retail:

Retail offers notoriously bad jobs that exist at the nexus of work and consumption. Previous brand-based retail studies assert that youth workers see the stores’ coolness and the employee discount ...
Consumer Attitudes Toward Importation and Purchasing of Foreign Made Products: A Study of Young Estonian Consumers

This research investigated consumer attitudes toward importation and purchasing of foreign made products, and examined potential sources of consumer ethnocentrism. The results, based on a sample of young, urban respondents in Estonia, revealed rather non-ethnocentric attitudes. While international brand awareness and age were found to be significant determinants of ethnocentricity, gender was not a significant predictor of the phenomenon.
Improving Performance by Means of Action–Cognition Coupling in Athletes and Coaches

There is a high degree of importance placed on sport in many cultures. Sport participants, from youth to professional levels, number in the millions in the United States alone. In order to manage and develop athletes, coaching expertise is required. Unfortunately, there is a lack of uniform training among coaches, which has led to varied leader styles. Research on the efficacy of leadership styles is explored. Furthermore, research on athlete perceptions of effective leadership demonstrates that there are several common coach qualities valued by athletes. Using the lens of expectancy theory, we can discern how coaches impact athlete development. Evidence suggests that head coaches offer more and better quality feedback to their higher skilled athletes. Thus, the purpose of this chapter is twofold. One, an exploration of the development of coaching expertise is conducted. Two, an examination of the impact of coaches on athlete development and performance is carried out.
Sonar technology and underwater imagery analysis can enhance invasive Dreissena distribution assessment in large rivers

Dreissena spp. are aggressive invaders of many waterbodies worldwide. However, the accurate assessment of their spatial distribution in large rivers is difficult using traditional sampling techniques such as Ponar grabs or SCUBA diving. The aim of this study was to use sonar technologies and underwater imagery (videos, still images) in tandem with traditional Ponar sampling to predict Dreissena presence, and produce a habitat suitability map to enhance our understanding of its spatial distribution in the lower Niagara River, New York, USA. Geo-referenced maps of environmental variables were generated using three sonar technologies: side scan sonar, multibeam sonar, and an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. Dreissena presence/absence was determined at 102 sites along a 10 km stretch using Ponar grabs supplemented by an underwater imagery. Substrate and near-bottom flow were the most important variables affecting Dreissena distribution. Habitats with coarse substrate and near-bottom flow of 0.6–0.80 m/s were predicted to be most often occupied. The habitat suitability model indicates that almost 90% of the stream bed in the river can be considered highly- or moderately suitable habitat. Our results demonstrate that supplementing traditional sampling with sonar technologies and underwater imagery can greatly improve Dreissena distribution assessment at the ecosystem scale.
Fosaprepitant use in children and adolescents at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

10575Background: Recent NCCN guidelines recommend the addition of a neurokinin-1(NK1) receptor antagonist (e.g. fosaprepitant) to the serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonis...
Cardiorenal syndrome in sepsis: A narrative review

Multi-organ dysfunction is seen in nearly 40-60% of all patients presenting with sepsis, including renal and cardiac dysfunction. Cardiorenal syndrome type-5 reflects concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunction secondary to a systemic condition that primarily affects both organs, such as sepsis. There are limited data on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical implications of cardiorenal syndrome in sepsis. Cardiac dysfunction and injury can be measured with cardiac biomarkers, echocardiographic dysfunction, and hemodynamic parameters. Acute kidney injury is systematically evaluated using serum creatinine and urine output criteria. This review seeks to systematically describe the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of cardiorenal syndrome type-5 in the setting of sepsis.
A planar vertically-integrated tunable filter/antenna with constant absolute bandwidth

This paper presents a vertically-integrated second-order tunable planar filter/antenna that expands upon previous work with tunable filter/antennas. This work demonstrates the use of a radiating element as a resonator in the filter and uses mixed electric and magnetic coupling to achieve a constant absolute bandwidth over the filter tuning range without the need of additional tuning elements on the coupling structures. The device is tunable from 1.65 to 1.95 GHz with an absolute bandwidth of 52.03 ± 2.76 MHz and return loss above 15 dB over the tuning range. The measured gain is −0.52–5.72 dBi with cross-polarization level better than 15 dB.
Familial Cancer Clustering in Urothelial Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Background Family history of bladder cancer confers an increased risk for concordant and discordant cancers in relatives. However, previous studies investigating this relationship lack any correction for smoking status of family members. We conducted a population-based study of cancer risks in relatives of bladder cancer patients and matched controls with exclusion of variant subtypes to improve the understanding of familial cancer clustering. Methods Case subjects with urothelial carcinoma were identified using the Utah Cancer Registry and matched 1:5 to cancer-free controls from the Utah Population Database. Cox regression was used to determine the risk of cancer in first-degree relatives, second-degree relatives, first cousins, and spouses. A total of 229 251 relatives of case subjects and 1 197 552 relatives of matched control subjects were analyzed. To correct for smoking status, we performed a secondary analysis excluding families with elevated rates of smoking-related cancers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results First- and second-degree relatives of case subjects had an increased risk for any cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 1.09, P < .001; HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.07, P = .001) and urothelial cancer (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.50 to 1.99, P < .001; HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.51, P < .001). Site-specific analysis found increased risk for bladder (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.47 to 1.95, P < .001), kidney (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.57, P = .006), cervical (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.49, P = .01), and lung cancer (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.51, P < .001) in first-degree relatives. Second-degree relatives had increased risk for bladder (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.5, P < .001) and thyroid cancer (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.35, P = .02). Spouses showed an increased risk for laryngeal (HR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.02 to 7.05, P = .04) and cervical cancer (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.17, P = .007). These results did not substantively change after correction for suspected smoking behaviors. Conclusion Our results suggest familial urothelial cancer clustering independent of smoking, with increased risk in relatives for both concordant and discordant cancers, suggesting shared genetic or environmental roots. Identifying families with statistically significant risks for non-smoking-related urothelial cancer would be extremely informative for genetic linkage studies.
Evolution of resistance to MAPK-targeted therapies

BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) elicit rapid antitumor responses in the majority of patients with V600BRAF mutant melanoma, but acquired resistance is almost universal. Early understanding of how melanomas acquire resistance to BRAFi via MAPK pathway reactivation has guided the development of specific BRAFi-anchored inhibitor combinations designed to overcome resistance. The first of these successful combinations has been between BRAF and MEK inhibitors. Combined BRAF/MEK targeted therapy improves upon BRAFi therapy but is still beset by acquired resistance. Thus, studying how melanomas escape from BRAFi and how these processes are similar or distinct from acquired resistance mechanisms to BRAFi+MEKi remains of the utmost importance to melanoma therapeutics. Recent whole-exome analysis of patient-paired melanoma samples obtained pre-BRAFi treatment and post-disease progression after initial responses have provided landscape genetic perspectives into the nature of tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and core resistance pathways. This benchmark understanding is helping to guide and prioritize clinical studies of BRAFi-based combinations such as that between BRAFi and AKTi. Recent work on the genetic mechanisms of acquired BRAFi+MEKi resistance has shed key insights into the molecular limitations of this therapeutic approach but also novel therapeutic opportunities. Overall, genetic alterations affecting individual genes are not highly recurrent and collectively cannot account for a significant subset of clinical acquired resistance to BRAF or combined BRAF/MEK targeted therapies (MAPKi). Thus, understanding the entire spectrum of genetic and non-genetic mechanisms of acquired MAPKi resistance and the temporal continuum of these evolutionary processes promises to usher in a new era of personalized medicine for melanoma patients.
Perspectives on Queer Music Therapy: A Qualitative Analysis of Music Therapists' Reactions to Radically Inclusive Practice.

Background The queer music therapy model was designed by Bain, Grzanka, and Crowe in 2016 as a novel therapeutic approach to affirm and empower LGBTQ+ identity through music. No data have been generated on how this model might actually be implemented, or the strengths and limitations of the model according to music therapy professionals. Objective The purpose of this study was to build on Bain and colleagues' work by collecting music therapists' perspectives on queer music therapy and using these data to critically evaluate the model. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with twelve music therapists who identify as LGBTQ+ or have experience working with LGBTQ+ clients. Participants were prompted to discuss their music therapy backgrounds, experiences with LGBTQ+ clients, and reactions to the queer music therapy model. Interviews were analyzed using a critical discourse analysis approach. Results The qualitative findings revealed major strengths of the queer music therapy model and ways in which it could be improved by attending to: (a) the structural limitations of the music therapy discipline, including the demographic composition of the field and lack of critical perspectives in music therapy training; and (b) intersectional considerations of ageism and ableism within diverse LGBTQ+ populations. Conclusions Queer music therapy has positive implications for future work with LGBTQ+ individuals, but it must more substantively integrate intersectionality theory to serve a diverse range of LGBTQ+ clients. Further, it must critically attend to the structural limitations of the music therapy discipline itself.
Rules versus authorities

I present a brief history of modern public choice analysis as told through the lens of “rules versus authorities”, a dichotomy initially formulated by Henry C. Simons, University of Chicago professor to James M. Buchanan. Framing political decision-making as a choice between rules and authorities allows us to identify two necessary, motivating ideas for the emergence of public choice: (1) Governments are not monolithic, omniscient, social calculating machines, but are instead a collection of individuals with various and possibly competing interests. (2) Rather than empowering bureaucracies, economists and political scientists should devise rules that constrain government experts and protect democratic decision-making. Lurking behind both ideas is the legacy of Simons and his antipathy to expert management of the economy. In that antipathy, Simons makes an important contribution to the intellectual history of public choice and to Buchanan’s research program.
Correction to: The cytidine deaminase under-representation reporter (CDUR) as a tool to study evolution of sequences under deaminase mutational pressure

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that Figs. 1 and 3 were interchanged. The original article has been corrected.
Child exposure to marital conflict and child coping responses as predictors of child adjustment

This study examined the influence of children's exposure to marital conflict and children's coping responses to marital conflict on child adjustment. Forty-three mother–child dyads and 38 of the children's teachers participated in this investigation. Preadolescent children reported the marital conflict they witnessed, their coping responses to marital conflict, and their feelings of depression and global self-worth, while mothers reported their marital conflict and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and teachers reported children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the contribution of demographic, marital conflict, and child coping variables to the prediction of child adjustment. The results indicated that aggressive marital conflict was predictive of children's feelings of low self-worth, mother's reports of child externalizing behavior problems, and teacher's reports of child internalizing behavior problems. Moreover, child coping factors contributed unique variances to the prediction of child reports of child depression and teacher reports of child externalizing behavior problems after marital conflict and demographic variables were considered.
Analysis of ergosteroids: VIII: Enhancement of signal response of neutral steroidal compounds in liquid chromatographic–electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis by mobile phase additives

Abstract The signal response of moderately polar to nonpolar neutral steroidal compounds in positive ion mode was significantly improved in electrospray ionization mode by addition of volatile organic acids (trifluoroacetic acid, acetic and formic) at concentrations much lower than those normally employed for high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of ionic compounds. Each of the three acids enhanced the sensitivity, the order being: formic acid (∼50–200 ppm, v/v)>acetic acid (100–500 ppm)>trifluoroacetic acid (5–20 ppm). Higher concentrations caused decrease in the sensitivity. The extent of increase in the sensitivity was compound specific and also depended on the nature of organic modifier present in the mobile phase. Acetic acid was the acid of choice for the ‘wrong-way-round’ ionization of sulfate conjugates. The postcolumn addition of silver nitrate produced highly stable (M+Ag) + adducts with concomitant increase in signal response and reduction in baseline noise.
On the Second Order Interpolation for Rational Vector Functions

All rational solutions of an interpolation problem for Hardy functions with prescribed first m Fourier coefficients of the autocorrelation function are described. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution are established.
Solvent/Solute Interactions Probed by Transient Absorption and Transient Raman Spectroscopy

We use transient absorption spectroscopy and picosecond transient Raman spectroscopy to probe the effect of solvent on the excited state structure of trans-stilbene, its isotopomers, and sulfur and selenium analogues of DODCI.
Safety of Peripheral Line Administration of 3% Hypertonic Saline and Mannitol in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Hypertonic saline (HTS) and mannitol are frequently utilized in the emergency department (ED) to manage elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP). Objective The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of extravasation injury when HTS or mannitol was administered via peripheral i.v. line (PIV). Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated adult and pediatric patients given either 3% HTS or mannitol via PIV while in the ED. The primary outcome was extravasation incidence. Results One hundred and ninety-two patients were included, of which 85 (44%) received HTS and 107 (56%) received mannitol. Patients who received HTS were younger (27.5 ± 24.3 years vs. 53.9 ± 22.3 years; p Conclusions There were no incidences of extravasation among patients given 3% HTS or mannitol. Clinicians should reconsider recommendations to restrict HTS or mannitol to central lines.
Bioplastics in the General Chemistry Laboratory: Building a Semester-Long Research Experience

We report here a second semester general chemistry laboratory project themed around chitosan-alginate bioplastics. With increasing awareness of plastic pollution in the environment and the awareness of the importance for materials which are either made from renewable resources or are biodegradable, this topic provides a relevant opportunity to engage students. The semester-long laboratory experience has students working in teams first to complete a series of core experiments which provide a foundational experience in preparing and testing chitosan-alginate bioplastics prior to developing and implementing a project in a direction of their own choosing. The benefit of these student directed research projects can include enhanced engagement and can allow development of skills such as experiment design, data collection and analysis, written and oral dissemination, and critical thinking. We describe here both the core module in bioplastics which has the potential to be incorporated as a self-contained module b...
Designing digital enrichment for orangutans

Zoos and sanctuaries use enrichment as part of their animal welfare program and it is a required standard practice to be accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Enrichment is broadly defined as activities that keep captive animals' bodies and minds active. Many activities for orangutans are produced based on replicating behaviors seen in the wild, with goals to prevent habituation, appeal to their high cognition, and address individual preferences. Often times the most successful activity is one that is easily replicated and affordable, as orangutans are strong and can be quite destructive. Popular items used for enrichment consist of boxes, blankets, and ice treats, but institutions have recently added in digital technology, including touchscreen computers and tablets. This paper demonstrates a digital enrichment artifact suitable for orangutans with a focus on variability, customization, and flexibility to work in restrictive environments.
The effect of racial and gender concordance between physicians and patients on the assessment of hospitalist performance: a pilot study

Lack of racial concordance between physicians and patients has been linked to health disparities and inequities. Studies show that patients prefer physicians who look like them; however, there are too few underrepresented minority physicians in the workforce. Hospitalists are Internal Medicine physicians who specialize in inpatient medicine. At our hospital, hospitalists care for 60% of hospitalized medical patients. We utilized the validated Tool to Assess Inpatient Satisfaction with Care from Hospitalists (TAISCH) to assess the effect of patient-provider race and gender concordance on patients’ assessment of their physician’s performance. Four hundred thirty-seven inpatients admitted to the non-teaching hospitalist service, cared for by a unique hospitalist physician for two or more consecutive days, were surveyed using the validated TAISCH instrument. The influence of gender and racial concordance on TAISCH scores for patient - hospitalist pairs were assessed by comparing the specific dyads with the overall mean scores. T-tests were used to compare the means. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustering. Of the 34 hospitalist physicians in the analysis, 20% were African American (AA-non-Hispanic), 15% were Caucasians (non-Hispanic) and 65% were in the “other” category. The “other” category consisted of predominantly physicians of South East Asian decent (i.e. Indian subcontinent) and Hispanic. Of the 437 patients, 66% were Caucasians, and 32% were AA. The overall mean TAISCH score, as these 437 patients assessed their hospitalist provider was 3.8 (se = 0.60). The highest mean TAISCH score was for the Caucasian provider-AA patient dyads at 4.2 (se = 0.21, p = 0.05 compared to overall mean). The lowest mean TAISCH score was 3.5 (se = 0.14) seen in the AA provider/AA patient dyads, significantly lower than the overall mean (p = 0.013). There were no statistically significant differences noted between mean TAISCH scores of gender and racially concordant versus discordant doctor-patient dyads (all p’s > 0.05). In the inpatient setting, it appears as if neither race nor gender concordance with the provider affects a patient’s assessment of a hospitalist’s performance.
Optics And Feed Design For ngVLA

This paper discusses the Next Generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) antenna configuration. Optics designs of the double-offset Gregorian antenna with different subreflector opening angles are shown. Compatible feed designs will be presented and simulated performance will be discussed.
Identity as Resistance: Identity Formation at the Intersection of Race, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation:

Although the concept of intersectionality has gained widespread attention in psychological research, there remains a significant gap related to the impact of intersectionality on identity formation for persons negotiating multiple minority statuses. This gap is especially pronounced among sexual and gender expansive women of Latinx and African American descent-two groups that face disparate personal and public health risks but are largely ignored in the research literature. In response to this gap, we carried out a qualitative study using constructivist grounded theory with 20 Latinx and African American sexual minority, gender expansive women to understand participants' experiences of forming an intersectional social identity. Following an exploration of identity formation related to the specific domains of race, gender identity, and sexual orientation, we prompted participants to consider how each of the specified identity domains impacted the formation and experience of an overall intersectional identity (e.g., how racial position impacted gender identity and/or sexual identity formation). Findings revealed four major themes that were critical in identity formation: (a) family and cultural expectations, (b) freedom to explore identity, (c) the constant negotiation of insider/outsider status, and (d) identity integration as an act of resistance. Implications for future research and psychological services are discussed.
WENO interpolation for Lagrangian particles in highly compressible flow regimes

Abstract Lagrangian particles can be used either to analyze different complex flows, as massless tracers, or to model multiphase flows, as particles with mass. As particles can have arbitrary positions within the computational domain, interpolation of different flow quantities from the Eulerian grid is essential. Low-order centered interpolation schemes generally do not provide a sufficient level of accuracy for many flow configurations of interest. Thus, typically, high-order centered interpolation schemes are utilized. The current study demonstrates that for highly compressible non-reacting and reacting flow regimes, in which discontinuities in the flow field, e.g., shock waves arise, centered interpolation schemes tend to smear the shock and high order schemes also produce numerical oscillations. It is shown that this problem can be remedied by using Weighted-Essentially-Non-Oscillatory (WENO) interpolation schemes. Extensive numerical tests are performed in order to demonstrate this, comparing the performance of WENO-3 and WENO-5 interpolation schemes with a variety of centered interpolation schemes. The first test case involves specially designed steady state two-dimensional vortex flows. For a smooth flow, WENO schemes provide comparable accuracy to other high-order centered schemes. For flow fields with discontinuities, WENO-3 and WENO-5 interpolation schemes can decrease the interpolation error by more than two and three orders of magnitude, respectively, in comparison with centered schemes. Solution accuracy is further studied with a normal shock wave test. It is demonstrated that centered schemes tend to smear the shock, whereas, WENO schemes capture it in a much sharper manner. Moreover, high-order centered schemes tend to oscillate in the vicinity of the discontinuity leading to non-physical results, such as negative absolute pressure values. The same trends are retained for an unsteady three-dimensional spherical blast wave, where the shock is smeared across several grid cells, which is typical for shock-capturing flow solvers. Finally, the benefits of WENO schemes for the Lagrangian-particle tracking analysis of highly compressible reactive flows are explored by comparing various Lagrangian particle trajectories and joint probability density functions (PDFs) for a two-dimensional cellular detonation. The results indicate that high-order centered schemes lead to unphysical results, whereas WENO schemes can provide high-order interpolation that is free of severe numerical oscillations and non-physical artifacts, which is critical for the proper analysis of the flow.