cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple Cold Finger Cryocooler with Voltage Isolation

A design is presented for a single Orifice Pulse Tube (OPT) cryocooler to conductively cool a pair of high temperature superconducting current leads which are at voltage potentials differing by ± 3.5 kV. A single compressor, regenerator, and ballast is combined with two identical pulse tubes, the cold ends of which are metallically connected to the two current leads. The necessary voltage insulation is incorporated in the cryocooler structure at the regenerator — pulse tube connection, and in the cold end to warm end construction of the pulse tube itself. Voltage insulation calculations account for voltage breakdown in the helium gas (working fluid) and voltage creep along the insulating members. This approach provides a general method of optimizing the cooling power to devices at various voltage potentials since the usual problem presented by the Wiedeman Franz law is circumvented by the heat transfer through the pulsing helium gas flow.
Effects of Biofeedback Therapy on Anorectal Function in Obstructive Defecation

Biofeedback therapy improves symptoms inpatients with constipation and obstructive defecation.Whether it also improves anorectal function is unclear.Our purpose was to investigate prospectively the effects of biofeedback therapy on subjective andobjective parameters of anorectal function in 25consecutive patients with obstructive defecation.Biofeedback therapy consisted of pelvic floor relaxationexercises (phase I) and neuromuscular conditioning ofrectal sensation and rectoanal coordination, with asolid state manometry system and simulated defecationmaneuvers (phase II). The number of sessions wascustomized for each patient. Clinical improvement wasassessed from the changes in anorectal manometry,balloon (50 cc) expulsion test, and the symptom andstool diaries. The number of therapy sessions varied[mean (range) = 6 (2-10)]. After therapy, whenstraining as if to defecate, the percentage analrelaxation, intrarectal pressure, and defecation indexincreased (P < 0.001). The balloon expulsion time,laxative consumption, and straining effort decreased (P< 0.001). Before therapy, 16/25 (64%) patients hadimpaired rectal sensation, and after therapy thisimproved (P < 0.001). After therapy, 15/25 (60%) patients reported 75% satisfaction with bowelhabit and 8/25 (32%) reported ≥50% satisfaction (P< 0.001); 15/16 (94%) patients discontinued digitaldisimpaction. Biofeedback therapy not only improves subjective but also objective parameters ofanorectal function in at least 76% of patients byrectifying the underlying pathophysiologicdisturbance(s). Sensory conditioning and customizing thenumber of sessions may offer additionalbenefits.
On Energy-Distortion Exponents for Low-Delay Gaussian Broadcasting

Asymptotic energy-distortion performance of low-delay transmission of Gaussian sources over Gaussian broadcast channels is investigated. Achievable exponent tradeoffs for M- to-infinity mappings are derived for each M, and are shown to converge to the tradeoff of the Shannon-theoretic limits.
Understanding Cross-Species Parenting: A Case for Pets as Children

Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to provide support to the validity of cross-species parenting (pet parenting). Surprisingly to some, pet parenting is still stigmatized, and as such, may be viewed as a mental health concern rather than a negotiated relationship and identity of valuable in an individual's life. This chapter discusses contextual background, providing a brief history and explanation of who most commonly identifies as a pet parent. It then addresses similarities and differences in interactions with pets and children that further support the validity of the cross-specific relationship, followed by a discussion of potential challenges one may face as a pet parent in the greater context. Finally, some potential issues that the clinical practitioner should consider when treating someone who identifies as a pet parent are covered.
Catatonia due to alprazolam withdrawal.

A 50-year-old man with multiple psychiatric comorbidities including major depressive disorder and general anxiety disorder presented to the emergency room (ER) with altered mental status, immobility and mutism. The patient was unresponsive to commands and unable to provide any history. In the ER he was given a provisional diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Vital signs on admission were stable. On physical examination, he exhibited grimacing, muscle rigidity and areflexia. Workup for CVA and infectious aetiology was unremarkable and the patient’s urine toxicology screen was negative. History from the patient’s family revealed that 4 days prior to presentation, the patient had discontinued his prescribed dose of alprazolam 1 mg four times per day. The patient was diagnosed with catatonia due to benzodiazepine withdrawal and had gradual return to baseline with administration of lorazepam 1 mg intravenous three times per day.
Management of Cutaneous Melanoma

Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that accounts for a majority of death from cutaneous malignancy. Treatment is based on the depth of the tumor and the status of the sentinel node. A small percentage of patients will present with metastatic disease; they should be offered systemic therapy or a clinical trial.
The Agenda of Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL)

This chapter examines the first twenty-one years of Third Approaches to International Law Scholarship (TWAIL) from 1997 to 2018. It provides the first comprehensive attempt to count TWAIL articles, book chapters and books in that period and connects this scholarship to prior scholarship on international law from the Third World. In so doing, it traces TWAIL’s varied origins and discusses its scholarly production in the last 21 years in Part One. In Part two, it discusses the main themes of TWAIL scholarship and the strands within them. Part Three discusses criticisms of TWAIL scholarship and makes responses to them. The chapter argues that TWAIL scholarship has three major themes. First, how TWAIL scholarship traces the role of international law in constituting order and disorder. The second theme is the centrality of history in international law, and third, TWAIL’s commitment to reforming and remaking international law. In addition, the chapter critically appraises criticisms of TWAIL scholarship. These are: First, some historians have charged TWAIL scholars with anachronism or ‘presentism’. Second, some mainstream international law scholars have argued that TWAIL scholarship is nihilistic and lacks methodological clarity. A third set of criticisms have argued in favor of expanding the subject of TWAIL scholarship to include themes such as indigenous peoples and hierarchical caste systems, so that TWAIL scholarship can capture other forms of hierarchies, particularly those that predate colonialism. A fourth criticism is that TWAIL’s resistance to international law scholarship and international law itself, occupies the same terrain as international law and as such it cannot offer an alternative. Most importantly, this chapter shows that TWAIL scholarship provides a substantive critique of both the politics and the scholarship of international law, in addition to exploring the extent to which international law has legitimated global processes of marginalization and domination of the peoples of the third world, as well as how third world peoples and countries can overcome these challenges.
Ring expansions of 1-Haloethynyl-2-methylcyclopentanols

Abstract 1-Haloethynyl-2-methylcyclopentanols treated with iodine and HTIB ring expand stereoselectively depending on the relative position of the methyl and the hydroxyl groups. The products are 2-(dihalomethylidene)-3-methylcyclohexanones if the methyls are cis to the hydroxyl groups or 2-(dihalomethylidene)-6-methylcyclohexanones if the methyls are trans to the hydroxyls.
Social distance, trust and getting “hooked”: A phishing expedition

Abstract Phishing is a message-based computer attack sent to deceive and exploit recipients via email. Phishing is a problem for organizations because getting “hooked,” or tricked into acting on behalf of the sender, can put sensitive personal and organizational data at risk. In this research, we draw from several theoretical perspectives concerning social distance and trust as an exploitable resource to provide evidence that, even in contexts where actual social distance and intentions are nearly impossible to determine, people look to category-based signals of social distance to establish trust, which increases the likelihood of deception. We present the results of a validation study and a randomized field experiment in which we sent phishing emails to all employees of an insurance company.
Alloyed Thermoelectric PbTe-SnTe Films Formed via Aerosol Deposition.

The discovery of new thermoelectric materials has the potential to benefit from advances in high-throughput methodologies. Traditional synthesis and characterization routes for thermoelectrics are time-consuming serial processes. In contrast, high-throughput materials discovery is commonly done by thin film growth, which may produce microstructures that are metastable or compositionally graded and, therefore, are challenging to characterize. As a middle ground between bulk synthesis and thin film deposition, we find that the aerosol deposition process can rapidly produce samples that exhibit electronic property trends consistent with those produced by traditional bulk means. We demonstrate rapid growth of discrete thermoelectric thick films of varying chemical compositions (Pb1-xSnxTe) from PbTe and SnTe polydisperse micrometer sized powder feedstocks. The high deposition rate (near 1 μm min-1) and resultant microstructures are advantageous as the diffusion length scales promote rapid thermal treatment and equilibrium phase formation. Room-temperature high-throughput measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity are compared to traditionally produced bulk materials. The Seebeck coefficient of the films follows the trends of traditional samples, but the resistivity is found to be more sensitive to microstructural effects. Ultimately, we demonstrate a framework for exploratory materials science using aerosol deposition and high-throughput characterization instrumentation.
Plant-Derived Exosomal Nanoparticles Inhibit Pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Summary Plant exosomes protect plants against infection; however, whether edible plant exosomes can protect mammalian hosts against infection is not known. In this study, we show that ginger exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNs) are selectively taken up by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis in a GELN phosphatidic acid (PA) dependent manner via interactions with hemin-binding protein 35 (HBP35) on the surface of P. gingivalis. Compared with PA (34:2), PA (34:1) did not interact with HBP35, indicating that the degree of unsaturation of PA plays a critical role in GELN-mediated interaction with HBP35. On binding to HBP35, pathogenic mechanisms of P. gingivalis were significantly reduced following interaction with GELN cargo molecules, including PA and miRs. These cargo molecules interacted with multiple pathogenic factors in the recipient bacteria simultaneously. Using edible plant exosome-like nanoparticles as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent/treat chronic periodontitis was further demonstrated in a mouse model.
Ableism, Technoableism, and Future AI

Ableism (discrimination in favor of nondisabled people and against disabled people1) impacts technological imagination. Like sexism, racism, and other types of bigotry, ableism works in insidious ways: by shaping our expectations, it shapes how and what we design (given these expectations), and therefore the infrastructure all around us. And ableism shapes more than just the physical environment. It also shapes our digital and technological imaginations - notions of who will "benefit" from the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the ways that those systems are designed and implemented are a product of how we envision the "proper" functioning of bodies and minds.
Phonon Feedback Effects on Dynamics of Phase Slip Centers in Finite Gap Superconductors

The results on the behavior of phase-slip centers in thin superconducting wires based on finite-element modeling and time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) equations are discussed. For closer relationship with experiments, we used finite-gap formulation of the TDGL system. Both the dynamic equation for the Cooper-pair condensate wave-function and the expression for the electric current are more complex than in the gapless case. On this basis, the influence of nonequilibrium phonons is explored. These phonons can essentially change the location of geometrical points in which the phase slippage takes place. They also affect the frequency of phase-slip oscillations. The reported effects are experimentally detectable and can be used in practical devices.
Modeling Crude Oil Fate and Transport in Freshwater

Accidental contaminant spills in surface freshwater drinking sources put the public at risk, lower consumer confidence, and are costly to clean up. Although crude oil is commonly transported in close proximity to drinking water supplies, much of the research has focused on the fate and transport of crude oil in marine and riverine systems, not reservoirs. This study illustrates an application of a proactive spill modeling method to simulate crude oil fate and transport in a reservoir using a combination of laboratory and modeling investigation. Dissolution trends of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene from hypothetical accidental input scenarios were estimated by solid-phase micro-extraction combined (SPME) with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. Laboratory dissolution trends informed inputs to a hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, which simulated the fate and transport of the crude oil components within a reservoir with a focus on water quality impacts at the drinking water intake. The method can be applied to proactively quantify and scientifically guide emergency response planning and management of drinking water reservoirs in the event of an accidental crude oil spill.
Neural Cadherin Plays Distinct Roles for Neuronal Survival and Axon Growth under Different Regenerative Conditions.

Growing axons in the central nervous system (CNS) often migrate along specific pathways to reach their targets. During embryonic development, this migration is guided by different types of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) present on the surface of glial cells or other neurons, including the neural cadherin (NCAD). Axons in the adult CNS can be stimulated to regenerate, and travel long distances. Crucially, however, while a few axons are guided effectively through the injured nerve under certain conditions, most axons never migrate properly. The molecular underpinnings of the variable growth, and the glial CAMs that are responsible for CNS axon regeneration remain unclear. Here we used optic nerve crush to demonstrate that NCAD plays multifaceted functions in facilitating CNS axon regeneration. Astrocyte-specific deletion of NCAD dramatically decreases regeneration induced by PTEN ablation in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Consistent with NCAD’s tendency to act as homodimers, deletion of NCAD in RGCs also reduces regeneration. Deletion of NCAD in astrocytes neither alters RGCs’ mTORC1 activity nor lesion size, two factors known to affect regeneration. Unexpectedly however, we find that NCAD deletion in RGCs reduces PTEN-deletion induced RGC survival. We further show that NCAD deletion, in either astrocytes or RGCs, has negligible effects on the regeneration induced by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), suggesting that other CAMs are critical under this regenerative condition. Consistent with this notion, CNTF induces expression various integrins known to mediate cell adhesion. Together, our study reveals multilayered functions of NCAD and a molecular basis of variability in guided axon growth. Significance Statement Growing axons often travel long distances and migrate along explicit pathways to reach their targets. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) including cadherins play vital roles in these processes during development. However, it remains unclear whether the same factors are involved for the adult axons after injury. This study used knockout mice to demonstrate that ablation of NCAD in astrocytes or retinal ganglion cells, prevents regeneration and cell survival induced by PTEN deletion. In contrary, NCAD deletion has negligible effects on the regeneration and survival induced by cytokines, suggesting that distinct CAMs control axon adhesion and growth under different regenerative conditions. Together, our study illustrates cadherins’ versatile functions in the injured CNS, and points to distinct mechanisms that shape directed axon growth.
A Rare Case of Cannabis-induced Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammatory condition of the pancreas, caused mainly by gallstones and alcohol abuse. A significant proportion of acute pancreatitis cases remain idiopathic. Recent reports have highlighted cannabis use as an etiology of acute pancreatitis. A few case reports are available that report the association of cannabis with acute pancreatitis. Considering the global use of cannabis medically and illicitly, it becomes imperative to explore this adverse effect of cannabis use especially in idiopathic cases of acute pancreatitis. Here, in this report, we present a case of acute pancreatitis with no obvious cause. The patient was a 48-year-old female with no history of alcohol use. She had a history of cholecystectomy with normal serum triglycerides and calcium levels. The patient was consuming marijuana (cannabis) daily for the last three years. The diagnosis of cannabis-induced acute pancreatitis was made in the patient after other causes were excluded. It is difficult to distinguish cannabis-induced pancreatitis as there are no clear and specific associated clinical features. The diagnosis of cannabis-induced pancreatitis becomes even more challenging due to the use of multiple drugs. It becomes difficult to point out the causative agent among the multitude of drugs. Hence, a detailed history of drug intake in cases of acute pancreatitis may help to identify the candidature of the drugs in the pathogenesis of the disease. In view of the increasing illicit and medical use of cannabis, it becomes quintessential for clinicians to consider pancreatitis as a possible adverse effect of cannabis.
Student and faculty transformations from teaching wicked geography problems: a journey of transdisciplinary teaching between business and geography

In this paper, the dissolution of the silos between geography and business faculty to form a teaching partnership with a common set of questions and goals and how that partnership changed their aca...
The complete mitochondrial genome of the peppermint shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni (Decapoda: Lysmatidae).

In this study, the complete 16,979 bp mitochondrial genome of Lysmata wurdemanni (Gibbes, 1850) was determined from a specimen collected from Apalachee Bay, U.S. The mitogenome contains 37 genes, and consists of 32.33% A, 35.01% T, 19.55% C, and 13.10% G, with a total G + C content of 32.65%. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial protein-coding genes suggested L. wurdemanni is clustered with Lysmata vittata and Lysmata amboinensis, based on available mitochondrial sequences of relatives. These data are useful in determining phylogenetic relationships between Lysmatidae and Thoridae. The sequenced mitochondrial genome may also assist in understanding evolutionary distinctions and breeding strategies in hermaphroditic species.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): The Value of Chest Radiography for Patients Greater Than Age 50 Years at an Earlier Timepoint of Symptoms Compared With Younger Patients

Background: A relative paucity of data exists regarding chest radiography (CXR) in diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) compared to computed tomography. We address the use of a strict pattern of CXR findings for COVID-19 diagnosis, specifically during early onset of symptoms with respect to patient age. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients under investigation for COVID-19 who presented to the emergency department during the COVID-19 outbreak of 2020 and had CXR within 1 week of symptoms. Only reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–positive patients were included. Two board-certified radiologists, blinded to RT-PCR results, assessed 60 CXRs in consensus and assigned 1 of 3 patterns: characteristic, atypical, or negative. Atypical patterns were subdivided into more suspicious or less suspicious for COVID-19. Results: Sixty patients were included: 30 patients aged 52 to 88 years and 30 patients aged 19 to 48 years. Ninety-three percent of the older group demonstrated an abnormal CXR and were more likely to have characteristic and atypical–more suspicious findings in the first week after symptom onset than the younger group. The relationship between age and CXR findings was statistically significant (χ2 [2, n=60]=15.70; P=0.00039). The relationship between negative and characteristic COVID-19 CXR findings between the 2 age cohorts was statistically significant with Fisher exact test resulting in a P value of 0.001. Conclusion: COVID-19 positive patients >50 years show earlier, characteristic patterns of statistically significant CXR changes than younger patients, suggesting that CXR is useful in the early diagnosis of infection. CXR can be useful in early diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients older than 50 years.
Mental Health Perspectives Among Black Americans Receiving Services From a Church-Affiliated Mental Health Clinic

Black Americans face substantial barriers to mental health services that are due, in part, to historical and contemporary issues of anti-Black racism. Identifying novel models of care that increase...
Spatial distributions of ion pitch angle anisotropy in the near-Earth magnetosphere and tail plasma sheet

[1] We have quantified anisotropy of ion pitch angle distributions observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft and determined statistically how anisotropy varies with particle energy, as well as spatial distributions and dependences on geomagnetic activity. In the tail plasma sheet, ions from a few keV to a few tens of keV are mostly isotropic. The locations and energy ranges for these isotropic ions and their changes with Dst are consistent with ions being isotropized by current sheet scattering predicted using empirical magnetic field models. Ions of a few hundreds of keV in the tail have cigar-shaped or unidirectional pitch angle distribution (PAD) and are likely a result of Speiser motion. The majority of ions in the near-Earth magnetosphere are expected to conserve their first and second adiabatic invariants as they move with pitch angle dependent drift. This gives drift shell splitting, which plays an important role in generating pancake-shaped PAD observed from ~1 keV up to hundreds of keV. The magnetic local time of the pancake PAD rotates with increasing energy. Loss of near 90° ions due to magnetopause shadowing can further explain the butterfly-shaped PAD observed at the postmidnight sector at energies above 30 keV. For ions below a few hundreds of eV in the tail plasma sheet and the near-Earth magnetosphere, their PAD is dominantly bidirectional, which is likely due to ionosphere outflow. High-energy ions on the dayside become less anisotropic during higher AE, when pitch angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves may play an important role.
Bacterial competition between a bacteriocin‐producing and a bacteriocin‐negative strain of Streptococcus bovis in batch and continuous culture

A bacteriocin-producing Streptococcus bovis strain (HC5) outcompeted a sensitive strain (JB1) before it reached stationary phase (pH 6.4), even though it grew 10% slower and cell-free bovicin HC5 could not yet be detected. The success of bacteriocin-negative S. bovis isolates was enhanced by the presence of another sensitive bacterium (Clostridium sticklandii SR). PCR based on repetitive DNA sequences indicated that S. bovis HC5 was not simply transferring bacteriocin genes to S. bovis JB1. When the two S. bovis strains were coinoculated into minimal medium, bacteriocin-negative isolates predominated, and this effect could be explained by the longer lag time (0.5 vs. 1.5 h) of S. bovis HC5. If the glucose concentration of the minimal medium was increased from 2 to 7 mg mL−1, the effect of lag time was diminished and bacteriocin-producing isolates once again dominated the coculture. When the competition was examined in continuous culture, it became apparent that batch culture inocula were never able to displace a strain that had already reached steady state, even if the inoculum was large. This result indicated that bacterial selection for substrate affinity was even more important than bacteriocin production.
Molecular diagnostics in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant heterogenous tumors of mesenchymal origin with over fifty subtypes. The use of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections (and immunohistochemistry) in the morphologic assessment of these tumors has been the bane of clinical diagnosis until recently. The last decade has witnessed considerable progress in the understanding and application of molecular techniques in refining the current understanding of soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors beyond the limits of traditional approaches. Indeed, the identification of reciprocal chromosomal translocations and fusion genes in some subsets of sarcomas with potential implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment has been revolutionary. The era of molecular targeted therapy presents a platform that continues to drive biomarker discovery and personalized medicine in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this review, we highlight how the different molecular techniques have enhanced the diagnosis of these tumors with prognostic and therapeutic implications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:520–531. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overall aerodynamic performance of an annular flat-plate airfoil cascade

THE aerodynamic design of turbomachiner y blading is specified by means of design systems wherein the flow is assumed to be two-dimensional with losses determined from empirical correlations. However, with the continuing requirements for improved efficiency and increased thrust-to-weight ratio, it is evident that new analyses that consider the fundamental three-dimensional flow phenomena existing in blade-row flow passages must be developed, verified by concise data, and subsequently implemented in the design process. Numerical solutions are currently being developed to predict the three-dimensional flow through turbomachine blade rows. To overcome the complexities associated with the flow conditions and the internal geometries, these numerical solutions of necessity involve many computational and physical assumptions. This paper describes experiments performed in a large-scale, subsonic annular cascade facility specifically designed to provide three-dimensional aerodynamic data suitable for code verification. In particular, to minimize the complexities associated with cascade geometry and complex airfoil profiles, the detailed overall threedimensional aerodynamic performance of an extensively instrumented flat-plate airfoil cascade has been experimentally determined over a range of incidence angle values. All of the resulting data are analyzed and correlated with appropriate predictions. Contents
The prognostic significance of age in surgically staged patients with Type II endometrial carcinoma

Abstract Objective Many studies have examined the impact of older age on tumor recurrence and survival after hysterectomy for patients with endometrioid carcinoma. However, there is paucity of data examining the prognostic significance of age in patients with Type II endometrial carcinoma. The study was conducted to determine the prognostic impact of age in this patient population. Materials and methods In this Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved study, our prospectively-maintained database of 1305 patients with endometrial cancer was reviewed. Seventy-two consecutive patients with serous and clear carcinoma 2009 FIGO stages I–II were identified with at least one year follow-up after surgical staging. Patients with mixed histology and those who received preoperative therapy were excluded. All the patients underwent surgical staging from 1989 to 2009. Their medical records were reviewed. The study cohort was divided into two groups based on their age at hysterectomy (≤65 vs. >65). Patient's demographics, pathologic features and treatment-related factors were compared. The impact of age on recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Following univariate analysis, multivariate modeling was done using step-wise Cox proportional hazards analysis to assess the impact of age on clinical outcomes after adjusting for various clinical variables. Results Median follow-up for the study cohort was 45months (range 13–246). Fifty percent of patients received adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy and/or adjuvant radiation treatment (RT). Thirty-five patients were older than 65years (49%) and 37 were ≤65 (51%). There were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to race (African American vs Caucasian), FIGO stage, number of lymph nodes dissected, lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI), or adjuvant therapy received. There were more clear cell histology in the younger age group (p=0.035). Patients >65years old developed more recurrences with a 5-year RFS of 59% compared to 84% for younger patients (p=0.036). The five-year DSS was not statistically different between the two groups (68% vs. 79%, respectively with p=0.313). 5-year OS was significantly shorter in the elderly patients (58% vs. 78% with p=0.014). On multivariate analysis, the presence of LVSI, not receiving RT and age >65 were independent predictors of worse RFS (p= Conclusion In this study for surgically staged FIGO I–II patients with Type II endometrial carcinoma, age more than 65years is a significant adverse prognostic factor for tumor recurrence.
Proposed protocol to reduce bacterial infectious complications in living related small bowel transplant recipients

CADAVERIC a small bowel transplantation (SBTx) is associated with a high incidence of infectious complications. We have previously shown that bacterial translocation (BT) occurs following cadaveric SBTx and it is associated with bacterial overgrowth, prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT), and rejection. BT is defined as the passage of microorganisms from the intact GI tract to extraintestinal sites. BT was shown to occur in cadaveric donors, especially if hemodynamically unstable. Recently, the transplant of a segment of bowel obtained from living related donors has been proposed. Living related donors are hemodynamically stable and can receive optimal mechanical and antibiotic prophylaxis. However, no unequivocal human data are available to support the role of donor conditioning to reduce the risk of infections post-SBTx.
Irradiation and Tissue Immunity. II. Response to Injection of Staphylococci in X-Irradiated Skin Areas of Rabbits.

Twenty-four hrs after 1000-r x irradiation of a small area of the skin of rabbits, they were injected with a suspension of staphylococci subcutaneously in the irradiated area and in a nonirradiated control area. Localized lesions were most marked in nonirradiated areas and in some animals no visible lesions were noted in irradiated areas. The mild inflammatory lesions in irradiated areas corroborate the point of view, that irradiation is anti-inflammatory. The reason for mild lesions must be the reduced localization of staphylococci in irradiated areas and their escape from those areas. It is suggested that the antilocalizing property of irradiation is probably the basis for the antiinflammatory action. When the concentration of organisms injected in the irradiated area was high (10 billion), septicemia and death of the rabbits occurred, presumably as a result of the antilocalizing property of irradiation, which permitted the escape of the organisms from the injected area. In animals injected in irradiated areas with either 0.5 or 5 billion organisms, no septicemia was observed, presumably because of the high natural immunity of rabbits to staphylococci. (TCO)
Pseudo K-means approach to the multisensor multitarget tracking problem

This paper presents a methodology for multitarget tracking based on multisensor data in a cluttered environment. Two very important problems of multitarget tracking are the clustering of multisensor measurements and data association. A clustering algorithm is presented which is based upon a pseudo k-means algorithm. This algorithm does not require a priori knowledge of the number of clusters expected and is computationally efficient in that no iterations are required. A data association technique is presented which does not require posteriori probabilities and utilizes only the basic augmented Kalman filter. Examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Teaching the undergraduate CS Information Security Course

This paper presents a lab based approach to teaching the undergraduate CS Information Security course. Given the magnitude of real and potential loses associated with security breaches, employers increasingly expect graduates of CS programs to have an understanding of information security concepts. The infrastructure requirements for the course includes setting up a secure laboratory environment to accommodate the development of viruses and worms. The labs and lectures are intended to instruct students in the inspection and protection of information assets, and detection of and reaction to threats to information assets.
Directed assembly of controlled-misorientation bicrystals.

Grain boundaries play a vital role in determining materials behaviour1,2,3, and the nature of these intercrystalline interfaces is dictated by chemical composition4, processing history5, and geometry2,6 (misorientation and inclination). The interrelation among these variables and material properties may be systematically studied in bicrystals7. Conventional bicrystal fabrication offers control over these variables, but its ability to mimic grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials is ambiguous8,9,10,11,12. Here we describe a novel solid-state process for rapidly generating intercrystalline interfaces with controlled geometry and chemistry, applicable to a broad range of materials. A fine-grained polycrystalline layer, contacted by two appropriately misoriented single-crystal seeds, is consumed by an epitaxial solid-state transformation until the directed growth fronts impinge. The seed misorientations establish the geometry of the resulting intercrystalline boundaries, and the composition of the sacrificial polycrystalline layer establishes the chemistry of the boundaries and their adjacent grains. Results from a challenging model system, titanium-doped sapphire, illustrate the viability of the directed assembly technique for preparing high-quality bicrystals in both twist and tilt configurations.
Crystal structure of [PrCl3(15-crown-5)] prepared via electrocrystallization

[PrCl3(15-crown-5)] was synthesized by electrocrystallization using a 1∶1 metal to crown molar ratio. The complex crystallizes in the centricP21/c space group witha=8.191(4)A,b=14.245(9)A,c=14.226(6)A,β=104.69(6)°, andDcalc=1.93 g/cm3 forZ=4 (20°C). A finalR value of 0.070 was obtained via least-squares refinement using 2356 independent observed [F0≥5σ(Fo)] reflections. The Pr ion is eight-coordinate with three chloride ions and the five oxygens of the crown ether directly coordinated.
Polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function of glossy coatings

An analytic expression is derived for the angle-dependent polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of a glossy coating consisting of a Lambertian reflector covered by a specular dielectric layer. This model conforms to all the requirements of a real BRDF and explains the angular dependence of the polarized BRDF measurements of a glossy paint. Two common assumptions about the properties of paint coatings are shown to be incorrect: Multiple scattering by paint pigments will seldom completely depolarize the reflected energy, and, even when it does, the first surface and the volume scattering cannot be completely separated based on polarization alone. Guidelines for using the model to separate first-surface and volume scattering components are proposed.
Studies on the pathogenesis of parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in hamsters.

After intranasal inoculation of parainfluenza type 3 virus in hamsters, viral multiplication was detectable by infectivity titrations and immunofluorescent (FA) staining to have occurred in respiratory tissues as early as 24 hours following inoculation. Virus persisted in the respiratory epithelium up to the 6th day of infection. By FA staining, localization of viral antigen was seen in the cytoplasm of infected ciliated epithelial cells in the form of brilliant fluorescent granules of varying size.
Surface characterization of temporary restorations: Guidelines for quality ceramics

A technique was presented that enables a dentist to characterize a temporary restoration and its duplicate with external surface stains. This adjusted duplicate and an accompanying zone-diagrammed laboratory work authorization order will provide the dental laboratory technician with accurate information for making a porcelain restoration with esthetic acceptability.
Coupled‐spin fast spin‐echo MR imaging

Distinguishing between lipid and water-containing tissues is clinically important. Current techniques rely on the chemical shift difference between fat and water resonances or differences in relaxation times of the tissues, or a combination of both. A method is presented for separating the signals of lipid protons from those of water protons by using fast spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging based on the principle that lipid protons behave differently from water protons in mul-tiecho sequences. Two images are acquired with different echo train lengths and echo spacing but with identical TEs, and then subtracted to exploit differences in the behavior of lipid and water protons in mul-tiecho sequences. The method is insensitive to B0 inhomoge-neities or susceptibility effects and provides separate lipid and water images with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The advantages of the method are demonstrated with phantom studies and clinical examples.
α2B Adrenoceptor mRNA expression during rat brain development

The expression of alpha2B adrenoceptor mRNA in developing and adult rat brain was examined, using in situ hybridization with S-labeled riboprobes. In the adult we have detected more widespread expression than previously reported, with moderate to strong hybridization signals in the fundus striati, olfactory tubercles, septum, thalamus and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. In addition, there was low expression in the endopiriform nucleus, claustrum, cortex, caudate-putamen and spinal trigeminal nucleus of the brain stem. During embryonic development, there was intense, transient mRNA expression in the developing vascular plexus and vasculature which disappeared by birth. In most brain areas which exhibit mRNA expression in the adult, expression started during late embryonic development; with the exception of the thalamus, where expression was differentially regulated in sensory and non-sensory thalamic nuclei starting at the end of the first postnatal week. In addition, there was transiently upregulated expression in the caudate-putamen and cerebellar Purkinje cells during late embryonic and early postnatal development, respectively. This transient expression correlates with the time of neuronal migration and differentiation in these structures and complements the developmental expression of alpha2A and alpha2C adrenoceptors. These results suggest that alpha2B adrenoceptors may play a role in angiogenesis and in mediating neurotrophic functions of norepinephrine in some brain areas.
O(4), OFF-SHELL N anti N SCATTERING, AND MASSLESS PIONS.

An $O(4)$ formalism for off-shell $N\overline{N}$ scattering at $t=0$ is developed which diagonalizes the Bethe-Salpeter equation into $O(4)$ components. The $N\overline{N}$ scattering potential due to single pseudoscalar meson exchange is explicitly reduced into its $O(4)$ components. Symmetry properties of the $O(4)$ amplitudes due to the requirements of $C$ and $P$ invariance are exhibited. The off-shell $N\overline{N}$ scattering amplitude at $t=0$ is found to have six distinct types of Lorentz poles, in contrast to the three types found by Freedman and Wang for the on-shell problem. It is shown that massless pions of the type found by Nambu and Jona-Lasinio have the definite $O(4)$ quantum numbers $n=0$, $M=0$. It is further argued that $M=1$ massless pions are impossible and that Regge trajectories belonging to $M=1$ Lorentz poles choose nonsense when $j$ goes through zero.
Stepwise Variable Selection in Classification Problems

Two variable selection procedures are evaluated for classification problems: a forward stepwise discrimination procedure, and a stepwise procedure preceded by a preliminary screening of variables on the basis of individual t statistics. Expected probability of correct classification is used as the measure of performance. A comparison is made of the procedures using samples from multi-variate normal populations and from several nonnormal populations. The study demonstrated some situations where the use of all variables is preferable to the use of a stepwise discriminant procedure stopping after a few steps, though usually the latter procedure was superior in performance. However where the stepwise procedure performed better than using all variables, the modified stepwise procedure performed still better. The use of modified stepwise procedures in which not all the covariances of the problem need be estimated seems promising.
Optics upgrades at the APS beamline 20-BM

Abstract Recently, beamline 20-BM has been upgraded with new optics. A large bent cylindrical focusing mirror has been installed to provide an intense focused beam. It is designed to operate over the energy range 2.7–30 keV, and features a novel Al2O3/Pt coating. When operated near 2.6 mrad, the Pt coating provides good reflectivity up to 30 keV. The Al2O3 overlayer minimizes the influence of the Pt M and L edges. The second upgrade that is in progress is the development of longer KB mirrors. A prototype bender has achieved a focus of about 2.5 μm using a 300 mm long mirror. Analysis of the focal spot indicates that the size is dominated by the slope errors of the mirror, and can be further reduced if these are minimized by better mirrors or by using differential coating methods.
The vibrational dependence of half-widths of CO2 transitions broadened by N2, O2, air, and CO2

CO2-CO2 CO2-N2 CO2-O2 CO2-air abstract The vibrational dependence of the half-width and line shift for CO2 transitions was investigated using the complex Robert-Bonamy (CRB) formalism. Calculations were made for 24 bands for lower rotational quantum numbers from 0 to 100 for N2-, O2-, air-, and self-collisions with CO2. Starting from the vibrational dependence model proposed by Gamache and Hartmann (Gamache R, Hartmann J-M, J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 83, 119 (2004)) the percent change in the half-widths is written in terms of the number of vibrational quanta exchanged in the transition raised to a power. The resulting data demonstrate the appropriateness of the model. The measured half- widths are also tested with the model, which demonstrates some of the problems determining the vibrational dependence experimentally. The results show the vibra- tional dependence of the half-width varies with vibrational band, with the rotational quantum numbers of the transition, and with temperature.
Schema evolution and integration

Providing support for schema evolution allows existing databases to be adjusted for varying roles over time. This paper reflects on existing evolution support schemes and introduces a more general and functional mechanism to support schema evolution and instance adaptation for centralized and distributed object-oriented database systems. Our evolution support scheme is distinguished from previous mechanisms in that it is primarily concerned with preserving existing database objects and maintaining compatibility for old applications, while permitting a wider range of evolution operations. It achieves this by supporting schema versioning, allowing multiple representations of instances to persist simultaneously, and providing for programmer specification of how to adapt existing instances. The mechanism is general enough to provide much of the support necessarily for heterogeneous schema integration, as well as incorporating much of the features of object migration and replication.
A simple heuristic method for smart distribution system reconfiguration

Network reconfiguration is a useful method to reduce power loss in the distribution system and to also restore loads in out-of-service areas when a fault occurs. This paper presents a simple heuristic method for smart distribution system reconfiguration based on the branch-exchange method and single-loop optimization that are widely used in traditional distribution systems. The effect of switching costs is considered. The paper gives a simple algorithm to calculate load flow, and the method is illustrated using a 33-bus distribution system.
Movement of mitochondria in the axons and dendrites of cultured hippocampal neurons

Mitochondria generate ATP and are involved in the regulation of cytoplasmic calcium levels. It is thought that local demand for mitochondria differs between axons and dendrites. Moreover, it has been suggested that the distribution of both energy need and calcium flux in dendrites changes with patterns of synaptic activation, whereas the distribution of these demands in axons is stable. The present study sought to determine whether there are differences in mitochondrial movements between axons and dendrites that may relate to differences in local mitochondrial demand. We labeled the mitochondria in cultured hippocampal neurons with a fluorescent dye and used time-lapse microscopy to examine their movements. In both axons and dendrites, approximately one-third of the mitochondria were in motion at any one time. In both domains, approximately 70% of the mitochondria moved in the anterograde direction, whereas the remainder moved in the retrograde direction. The velocity of the movements in each direction in each domain ranged from 0.1 microm/sec to approximately 2 microm/sec, and the means and distributions of the velocities were similar. Only one difference in the behavior of mitochondria between axons and dendrites emerged from this analysis. Mitochondria in axons were more likely to move with a consistently rapid velocity than were those in dendrites. As a result, mitochondria in axons tended to travel farther than mitochondria in dendrites. These results suggest that the transport of mitochondria in axons and dendrites is similar despite any differences in mitochondrial demand between the two domains.