cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Malware Detection in Delay Tolerant Networks

The delay-tolerant-network (DTN) model is becoming a viable communication alternative to the traditional infrastructural model for modern mobile consumer electronics equipped with short-range communication technologies such as Bluetooth, NFC, and Wi-Fi Direct. Proximity malware is a class of malware that exploits the opportunistic contacts and distributed nature of DTNs for propagation. Behavioral characterization of malware is an effective alternative to pattern matching in detecting malware, especially when dealing with polymorphic or obfuscated malware. In this paper, we first propose a general behavioral characterization of proximity malware which based on naive Bayesian model, which has been successfully applied in non-DTN settings such as filtering email spams and detecting botnets. We identify two unique challenges for extending Bayesian malware detection to DTNs ("insufficient evidence versus evidence collection risk" and "filtering false evidence sequentially and distributedly"), and propose a simple yet effective method, look ahead, to address the challenges. Furthermore, we propose two extensions to look ahead, dogmatic filtering, and adaptive look ahead, to address the challenge of "malicious nodes sharing false evidence." Real mobile network traces are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
The effect of background cuing on prey detection

Studies of prey detection have typically focused on how search image affects the capture of cryptic items. This study also considers how background vegetation influences cryptic prey detection. Blue jays, Cyanocitta cristata, searched digitized images for two Catocala moths: C. ilia, which is cryptic on oak, and C. relicta, which is cryptic on birch. Some images contained moths while others did not. The ability of blue jays to detect prey during repeated presentations of one prey type within a session was compared with their performance during randomly alternating presentations of both prey types within a session to examine search-image formation under two background conditions (informative and ambiguous). In the informative background condition, both trees in the image were of the same species and therefore, the background was a reliable indicator of which prey type might be present. In the ambiguous background condition, there was one tree of each species in the image and either prey type could be present. The results indicate that: (1) a search-image effect was observed only for the more cryptic prey type and only when the background was informative; (2) as accuracy on prey images (those with moths) increased, response latency remained unchanged; (3) performance on nonprey images (those without moths) was primarily determined by the difficulty of searching the background and not by the prey type in the accompanying prey images; and (4) search-image effects disappeared with extended practice. These results suggest that the ability to detect prey is influenced by background and that the presence of either multiple backgrounds or multiple prey types interferes with search-image formation. © 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Cancer Survivorship—Pediatric Issues

The last three decades have seen tremendous improvements in survival of children diagnosed with cancer, with the 5-year survival rate approaching 80%. This improvement in survival has resulted in a growing population of childhood cancer survivors. Use of cancer therapy at an early age can produce complications that may not become apparent until years later. Approximately two thirds of the survivors of childhood cancer will experience at least one late effect, and about one third will experience a late effect that is severe or life threatening. Long-term complications in childhood cancer survivors, such as impairment in growth and development, neurocognitive dysfunction, cardiopulmonary compromise, endocrine dysfunction, renal impairment, gastrointestinal dysfunction, musculoskeletal sequelae, and subsequent malignancies, are related not only to the specific therapy employed, but may also be determined by individual host characteristics. We review the known late effects of treatment in survivors of childhood cancer in order to suggest reasonable starting points for evaluation of specific long-term problems in this unique but growing population. The Children's Oncology Group (COG) has developed risk-based, exposure-related guidelines for follow-up care that are available at www.surivorshipguidelines.org.
Congenital and Acute Kidney Disease: Translational Research Insights from Zebrafish Chemical Genetics

Today, acute kidney injury (AKI) and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent major issues in healthcare. Both AKI and CAKUT can lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires life-long medical care with renal replacement therapy. Renal replacement by dialysis is intensive, and kidney transplantation is restricted by organ availability. These limitations, along with the growing epidemic of patients affected by kidney disease, highlight the significant need to identify alternative ways to treat renal injury and birth defects. Drug discovery is one promising avenue of current research. Here, we discuss zebrafish chemical genetics and its latent potency as a method to rapidly identify small molecule therapeutics to accelerate recovery after AKI. Specifically, we review two groundbreaking studies that have recently provided a template to screen for compounds that expand the renal progenitor field in development that were capable of treating AKI in both the zebrafish and the mouse. These new findings demonstrate that drug discovery using zebrafish can be used for relevant translational research to identify clinical interventions for renal conditions in humans.
Phase transformation and thermal expansion of Cu/ZrW2O8 metal matrix composites

Powder metallurgy was used to fabricate fully dense, unreacted composites consisting of a copper matrix containing 50–60 vol% ZrW2O8 particles with negative thermal expansion. Upon cycling between 25 and 300 °C, the composites showed coefficients of thermal expansion varying rapidly with temperature and significantly larger than predicted from theory. The anomalously large expansion on heating and contraction on cooling are attributed to the volume change associated with the allotropic transformation of ZrW2O8 between its high-pressure γ-phase and its low-pressure α- or β-phases. Based on calorimetry and diffraction experiments and on simple stress estimations, this allotropic transformation is shown to result from the hydrostatic thermal stresses in the particles due to the thermal expansion mismatch between matrix and reinforcement.
Fluctuations and randomness of movement of the bead powered by a single kinesin molecule in a force-clamped motility assay: Monte Carlo simulations.

Abstract The motility assay of K. Visscher, M. J. Schnitzer, and S. M. Block ( Nature , 400:184–189, 1999) in which the movement of a bead powered by a single kinesin motor can be measured is a very useful tool in characterizing the force-dependent steps of the mechanochemical cycle of kinesin motors, because in this assay the external force applied to the bead can be controlled (clamped) arbitrarily. However, because the bead is elastically attached to the motor and the response of the clamp is not fast enough to compensate the Brownian motion of the bead, interpretation or analysis of the data obtained from the assay is not trivial. In a recent paper (Y. Chen and B. Yan, Biophys . Chem . 91:79–91, 2001), we showed how to evaluate the mean velocity of the bead and the motor in the motility assay for a given mechanochemical cycle. In this paper we extend the study to the evaluation of the fluctuation or the randomness of the velocity using a Monte Carlo simulation method. Similar to the mean, we found that the randomness of the velocity of the motor is also influenced by the parameters that affect the dynamic behavior of the bead, such as the viscosity of the medium, the size of the bead, the stiffness of the elastic element connecting the bead and the motor, etc. The method presented in this paper should be useful in modeling the kinetic mechanism of any processive motor (such as conventional kinesin and myosin V) based on measured force-clamp motility data.
A modified Q4/Q4 element for topology optimization

Design variable and displacement fields are distinct. Thus, their respective material and finite element meshes may also be distinct, as well as their actual location of nodes for the two fields. The proposed Q4/Q4M element possesses design variable nodes and displacement nodes which are not coincident. The element has been implemented using different approaches, including continuous approximation of material distribution and nodal approaches. The results obtained demonstrate that the element is effective in generating structural topologies with high resolution. From a numerical point of view, mesh independent solutions can be obtained by means of projection.
Empirical comparisons of some design replay algorithms

Although most design replay techniques have been empirically tested against some performance program, there has been very little empirical evidence published that compares various approaches on the same problems to determine the source of power. Six different design replay algorithms based on approaches in the literature are implemented and tested on 20 different design replay problems. The resulting data indicate that there is a trade-off between efficiency and autonomy for certain types of adaptation strategies. Based on some of the lessons drawn from this data, a new algorithm, REMAID, has been developed. This algorithm recognizes two different types of mis-matches between previous experience and current problems: detours and pretours. The REMAID strategy takes advantage of its knowledge of mis-matches to improve replay autonomy without sacrificing efficiency. The success of the REMAID algorithm is empirically verified.
Data analysis considerations in probing single quantum dot fluorescence intermittency

The fluorescence intermittency of single, bare, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was probed using single molecule confocal microscopy and found to demonstrate power law kinetics. Various threshold values and line fitting parameters are employed in the data analysis and their effects on the extracted power law exponents, m off and m on , are presented. The threshold is found to be critical in determining m off while having no significant effect on m on . The mean plus 2σ threshold, calculated from the background noise in the measurement, results in a more negative m off slope in comparison to the mean plus 3σ or mean plus 4σ thresholds. This is likely due to the mean plus 2σ threshold lying within the background noise outliers which mimic short on events. In contrast, the mean plus 4σ threshold is above 99.99% of the background noise while adequately below the fluorescence signal. Additionally, it is found that fitting only the ten most probable data points rather than all the data points in the log-log probability density graphs results in no significant change in m off and mon.
Sources of inefficiency in representative democracy: Evidence on public investments across nations

Besley and Coate (1997 and 1998) exposit a formal model of dynamic fiscal policy that highlights the problem associated with the temporal mismatch between the incidence of benefits and costs. Their analysis focuses in part on the conditions that may result in inefficient public investment decisions in a representative democracy. This paper employs cross-national data to investigate implications of the Besley-Coate model. The findings indicate that several political institutions significantly affect public investments, including term lengths, staggered term expiration dates, and the separation of power between the executive and legislative branches. The findings also suggest that fiscal arrangements for redistributive payments may increase public investments.
New bone formation by murine osteoprogenitor cells cultured on corticocancellous allograft bone

The gold standard for bone grafting in orthopedics is autograft, however autograft has a limited supply and is associated with significant morbidity at the harvest site. One alternative, allograft bone, provides an osteoconductive scaffold, is in less limited supply, and it does not require a harvest from the patient. However, allograft lacks both osteogenic cells and osteoinductive proteins that make autograft bone so advantageous. This study provides a model to investigate strategies for augmentation of corticocancellous allograft bone discs with bone marrow-derived osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) plus exogenous growth factors in vitro. In this model, allograft bone discs were created by cutting 1-mm thick slices from the distal femur and proximal tibia of euthanized mice. The allografts were sterilized and scanned by micro-computed tomography (µCT) to provide the pre-culture graft volume and trabecular characteristics. The discs were then seeded with OPCs harvested from murine bone marrow. The seeded grafts were placed in organ culture until harvest, after which they were re-scanned by µCT and the data compared to the corresponding pre-culture data. In addition, bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7, also know as osteogenic protein-1 or OP-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and OP-1 combined with bFGF were added on a daily basis to the cultures. After final µCT scanning, all grafts were sectioned and evaluated histologically after hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. µCT scans of cultured allografts with cells at 3, 5, and 9 weeks showed a time-dependent, statistically significant increase in bone volume. The trabecular thickness (Tb.Th.) of grafts, from both groups that were augmented with OP-1, showed a statistically significant increase in trabecular thickness of allografts with OPCs. These data suggest that bone marrow-derived OPCs adhere to, and produce, new bone on corticocancellous allograft in vitro. When exogenous OP-1 is added to this model, an increase in the production of bone onto the corticocancellous allograft bone disc is seen. This model allows for the investigation of the effects of multiple growth factors, and other interventions, on OPCs seeded onto allograft bone in vitro. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
A Review Of: “Steven I. Wilkinson, Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India”

Votes and Violence asks an important question: what explains different levels of violence between states in India? More broadly the aim of the book is to cast light on the political determinants of...
Brain Mapping Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a novel brain stimulation technique that has advanced the understanding of brain physiology, and has diagnostic value as well as therapeutic potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders. The stimulation involves restricted cortical and subcortical regions, and, when used in combination with a visually guided technique, results in improved accuracy to target specific areas, which may also influence the outcome desired. This article reviews the principles underlying the mechanism of action of TMS, and discusses its use to obtain functional maps of the motor and visual cortex, including technical considerations for accuracy and reproducibility of mapping procedures.
Uptake and assimilation of 15 NH 4 + by a variety of corals

Corals from the Swain Reefs of the Great Barrier Reef were exposed to 15NH 4 + in sea water, and the disappearance of NH 4 + from the medium and the appearance of 15N in the corals was followed. Disappearance of NH 4 + usually followed a reasonably smooth curve with rate of disappearance decreasing as the concentration of NH 4 + decreased; the decrease in rate was not the result of damage to the corals. The rate of uptake of 15NH 4 + vs concentration did not describe a normal substrate saturation curve, as uptake may have been diffusion limited. 15N was assimilated into the corals in the form of stable organic nitrogenous compounds. Its assimilation usually exhibited an initial lag. An ahermatypic coral did not remove NH 4 + from the medium. Differences in NH 4 + uptake with a 1-h cycle of light and dark were minor. Isolated zooxanthellae assimilated 15NH 4 + as indicated by accumulation of 15N with no lag.
Do reading tests measure the same construct in multiethnic and multilingual older persons

A critical focus of neuropsychological research is to identify unbiased ways to compare heterogeneous groups on background variables relevant to neuropsychological performance. While recent work has pointed to single word reading as a less culturally biased measure of educational experience than years of education, the extent to which reading score captures a broad range of educational experience, and does so consistently across ethnic and language groups is unknown. The current study evaluated reading in relation to years of education in English-speaking Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic elders, and Spanish-speaking Hispanic elders (n=342). Consistent with previous work, reading scores at each grade level were lower in English speaking ethnic minorities than in Caucasians, supporting the idea that variables related to lifetime educational experience are often confounded with ethnicity. Standardized reading scores were highest in the Spanish speakers; however, interpretation of this difference is limited as scores were necessarily derived using separate normative samples. Importantly, the slopes of reading score by years of education were comparable across all groups. That is, reading scores rose consistently with years of education independently of ethnicity or language, suggesting that such scores can be treated comparably for theoretical and statistical purposes in multiethnic and multilingual samples.
On a general nonlinear variational inequality

RAMENDRA KRISHNA BOSEVariational inequality theory provides techniques for solving a variety of appliedproblems in science and engineering. Recently Noor considered some interestinggeneral nonlinear and linear variational inequalities in a series of papers and provedthe existence and uniqueness of solutions by a fixed point technique developed byGlowinski, Lions and Tremolieres and also by a fixed point technique of Lions andStampacchia. But there are several inaccuracies in his proofs and here they havebeen removed and correct formulation of the theorems are stated and proved andrelationships are clearly shown. The existence of solution necessitates an additionalcondition in one case, and less condition in the other, but uniqueness can be provedwithout the condition that the operator be antimonotone.1. INTRODUCTION
An Efficient Software Radio Framework for WiMAX Physical Layer on Cell Multicore Platform

Wireless baseband processing, which is characterized by high computation complexity and high data throughput, is regarded as the most challenging issue for software radio (SR) systems. To relieve this implementation difficulty in SR systems, the multicore architecture is proposed. However, due to the lack of the universal parallel programming framework for SR systems, it is difficult to take full advantage of the multicore architecture. To fill this gap, in this paper, an efficient parallel SR framework is proposed under the Cell multicore architecture for WiMAX base station (BS). With the proposed framework, one Cell blade server (including two Cell processors) can support up to three sectors, and each sector can support 20Mbps data rate for both uplink and downlink. The system performance results verify the effectiveness of the proposed SR multicore framework.
Chemotherapy of hormone-refractory carcinoma of prostate with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C

Abstract A modification of the DMF protocol was used to treat 14 patients with hormone-refractoryadenocarcinoma of the prostate. A subjective response of pain relief occurred in 71 per cent (10114) of the patients. The median duration of the response in these patients was 4.2 months, and their median survival was 248 days. No patient experienced either an objective complete or partial response based on the criteria of the NPCR However, an objective stable response was produced in 36 per cent (5/14) of the patients, and their median survival was 330 days. Patients entering the study with a performance status of ⪕ 2 exhibited a longer median survival than patients with a performance status > 2. This regimen of 5 -fluorouracil, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), mitomycin C is reasonably well tolerated and appears to warrant consideration as a palliative therapeutic alternative in hormone-resistant prostate cancer.
An Investigation into the Mechanisms for Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer (SBR) Conversion in Combustion and Gasification Environments

The thermal degradation (pyrolysis and combustion) of styrene-butadiene rubber has been studied thermo-gravimetrically using various heating rates (10, 20, 30, 40 K/min) and various atmospheres (pure N2, 3% H2/N2, air, 30% O2/N2). Calculation of apparent kinetic parameters pre-exponential factor, activation energy and reaction order for the different conditions was done to enable modeling efforts. Gas phase chemical species measurement provides some insight into the possible degradation mechanisms and is explained. The outcome of the experiments show under gasification there is a single reaction mechanism occurring whereas in a combustion environment a two-stage reaction sequence (primary and secondary) is present at the tested heating rates. The primary reaction exhibits a thermal degradation that follows diffusion of oxygen to the surface, followed by gas phase oxidation, while the secondary reaction is more representative of a heterogeneous decay mechanism. Testing in a hydrogen-spiked atmosphere, surp...
Improvement of Survival Prediction from Gene Expression Profiles by Mining of Prior Knowledge

Identification of a small set of discriminative genes is a crucial step for effective prediction of disease or patient survival based on microarray gene expression data. Previous approaches to this problem are mainly based on analyzing differential gene expression data. In this work, an additional step is introduced to take advantage of prior knowledge about the relation of genes and a disease. In the proposed approach, keyword scanning of human proteins at the Swissprot database is performed to select genes related to the disease of interest followed by analysis of differential gene expressions. In results obtained on lung cancer data where a differential expression-based selection of genes is fairly inaccurate, our prior knowledge mining based approach offered a large improvement of prediction accuracy (0.74 vs. 0.58 ROC curve when using 20 genes). Furthermore, experimental results on a breast cancer dataset, where prediction based on differential gene expression alone was quite accurate can be further improved by integrating with our new approach.
A mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model.

A mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression model is described for analysis of clustered or longitudinal nominal or ordinal response data. The model is parameterized to allow flexibility in the choice of contrasts used to represent comparisons across the response categories. Estimation is achieved using a maximum marginal likelihood (MML) solution that uses quadrature to numerically integrate over the distribution of random effects. An analysis of a psychiatric data set, in which homeless adults with serious mental illness are repeatedly classified in terms of their living arrangement, is used to illustrate features of the model.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Batimastat Alleviates Pathology and Improves Skeletal Muscle Function in Dystrophin-Deficient mdx Mice

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, involves severe muscle degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, and early death in afflicted boys. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular proteases that cause tissue degradation in several disease states. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the expression levels of various MMPs are abnormally increased and that their inhibition will ameliorate muscle pathogenesis in animal models of DMD. Our results show that the transcript levels of several MMPs are significantly up-regulated, whereas tissue inhibitors of MMPs are down-regulated, in dystrophic muscle of mdx mice. Chronic administration of batimastat (BB-94), a broad spectrum peptide inhibitor of MMPs, reduced necrosis, infiltration of macrophages, centronucleated fibers, and the expression of embryonic myosin heavy chain in skeletal muscle of mdx mice. Batimastat also reduced the expression of several inflammatory molecules and augmented the levels of sarcolemmal protein β-dystroglycan and neuronal nitric oxide in mdx mice. In addition, muscle force production in isometric contraction was increased in batimastat-treated mdx mice compared with those treated with vehicle alone. Furthermore, inhibition of MMPs using batimastat reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and activator protein-1 in myofibers of mdx mice. Our study provides the novel evidence that the expression of MMPs is atypically increased in DMD, that their inhibition ameliorates pathogenesis, and that batimastat could prove to be a significant candidate for DMD therapy.
How Institutions Evolve: CONCLUSIONS, EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL

This chapter summarizes the main empirical findings of the analysis, both the cross-national and the longitudinal dimensions, and relates these findings to several major theoretical debates in the literature. The analysis of cross-national differences in the institutions governing in-plant training and the over-time analysis tracking the evolution of the German system over a longer period speak to debates in the political–economic literature on “varieties of capitalism” concerning institutional origins and institutional complementarities. Moreover, the analysis here provides insights into a broader literature in political science concerning issues of institutional reproduction, institutional change, and path dependence in politics. Cross-National Comparisons: The Origins of Divergent Skill Regimes The single variable that mattered most crucially to the divergent trajectories of skill formation documented here was the behavior and strategies of leading firms in skill-intensive industries, particularly the machine and metalworking industries. Around the turn of the century, large machine and metalworking firms across all four countries shared similar interests and were pursuing roughly similar strategies with respect to skill formation. Circa 1895 firms like M.A.N., Mather and Platt, Yokosuka, and General Electric were all engaged in efforts to develop their own in-plant capacities for skill formation and combining these with various policies designed to co-opt workers and exclude unions. From then on, however, trajectories diverged as these firms adapted their strategies to the particular constellation of incentives and constraints they faced in their separate countries.
Teacher and Peer Support for Young Adolescents' Motivation, Engagement, and School Belonging.

The purpose of this sequential explanatory mixed methods study was to investigate teacher and peer support for young adolescents’ academic motivation, classroom engagement, and school belonging wit...
Using a Vaccine Proposal Assignment to Help Students Synthesize Topics Covered in an Undergraduate Immunology Course.

Undergraduate students often have difficulty keeping track of all the pieces of the immune response and how they relate to each other. To help students synthesize the information in an upper-level, undergraduate immunology course, the students in my course investigate the immune response to pathogen of their choosing and then use that information to design a vaccine to that pathogen.
Meta-analysis and meta-regression of transcriptomic responses to water stress in Arabidopsis

The large amounts of transcriptome data available for Arabidopsis thaliana make a compelling case for the need to generalize results across studies and extract the most robust and meaningful information possible from them. The results of various studies seeking to identify water stress-responsive genes only partially overlap. The aim of this work was to combine transcriptomic studies in a systematic way that identifies commonalities in response, taking into account variation among studies due to batch effects as well as sampling variation, while also identifying the effect of study-specific variables, such as the method of applying water stress, and the part of the plant the mRNA was extracted from. We used meta-analysis, the quantitative synthesis of independent research results, to summarize expression responses to water stress across studies, and meta-regression to model the contribution of covariates that may affect gene expression. We found that some genes with small but consistent differential responses become evident only when results are synthesized across experiments, and are missed in individual studies. We also identified genes with expression responses that are attributable to use of different plant parts and alternative methods for inducing water stress. Our results indicate that meta-analysis and meta-regression provide a powerful approach for identifying a robust gene set that is less sensitive to idiosyncratic results and for quantifying study characteristics that result in contrasting gene expression responses across studies. Combining meta-analysis with individual analyses may contribute to a richer understanding of the biology of water stress responses, and may prove valuable in other gene expression studies.
Naphthaceno[5,6-cd]-1,2-dithiole, C18H10S2

C18H10S2,M=290.34, monoclinic,P21,a=20.556(5),b=15.843(3),c=3.963(1) A,β=92.79(2)° at 18°C,Z=4,D x =1.496 g cm−3,μ(Cu Kα)=3.53 mm−1. Full-matrix least-squares refinement resulted in a final conventionalR value of 0.036 for 2030 observed reflections. The average C-S bond distance is 1.747(16) A, the S-S bond length is 2.074(1) A. The torsion angles at the disulfide group are close to zero, at 3.5 and 0.8°. The carbon frameworks are nearly planar, and closely approximate symmetrymmm. Bond distances are comparable with those in related molecules.
Near heterophoria in early childhood.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to measure near heterophoria in young children to determine the impact of early growth and development on the alignment of the eyes.
Multiscale manifold learning

Many high-dimensional data sets that lie on a low-dimensional manifold exhibit nontrivial regularities at multiple scales. Most work in manifold learning ignores this multiscale structure. In this paper, we propose approaches to explore the deep structure of manifolds. The proposed approaches are based on the diffusion wavelets framework, data driven, and able to directly process directional neighborhood relationships without ad-hoc symmetrization. The proposed multiscale algorithms are evaluated using both synthetic and real-world data sets, and shown to outperform previous manifold learning methods.
Sickle-cell crisis in pregnancy near term; report of a case.

Abstract A case of sickle-cell crisis occurring near term pregnancy has been presented. This case was further complicated by the development of severe preeclampsia which has been shown in the literature to be more prone to develop in the patient with sickle-cell disease. The main problem presented is that of replacing hemoglobin to a blood volume greater than would be found in the nonpregnant state. The fluid retention of toxemia added to the difficulty of this problem. For these reasons the patient was treated rigorously to accomplish diuresis while hemoglobin was being replaced very slowly with packed erythrocytes. The object of treatment was to raise the hemoglobin level to a point safe for delivery without overloading the cardiovascular system or precipitating further difficulties with the sickle-cell disease. The heart murmurs heard in this case are difficult to explain on other than a rheumatic or congenital basis. It is a fact that the patient with sickle-cell disease in crisis may have joint swelling, low-grade fever, and heart murmurs indistinguishable from those of rheumatic fever; however, the persistence of these murmurs between episodes of crisis would not be likely to occur. Burke and Rosenfeld 3 reported a similar case in 1953 in which the diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease had been made prior to the time sickle-cell disease was proved. In this case, however, the murmurs did not persist between episodes of crisis, and it was justly assumed that the original diagnosis was in error. The over-all plan of therapy in this case follows that suggested in the literature. This includes replacement of blood, use of antibiotics to prevent infection, reduction of the amount of trauma associated with actual delivery, and rigorous treatment of complicating factors such as toxemia. Caruso suggested that since the sickle cell is a poor oxygen carrier, continuous oxygen therapy may be advisable during labor. Postpartum care was directed toward replacement of blood lost during delivery, continuation of antibiotic therapy, and general supportive care. From this case presentation it can be seen that close supervision of the prenatal course of all pregnant Negro patients with early efforts to diagnose the presence of sickle-cell disease will facilitate early treatment and safe delivery.
Characteristics of left ventricular thrombus resulting in perioperative embolism. A complication of coronary artery bypass grafting.

A review of perioperative complications of cardiac procedures at Tampa General Hospital revealed a distinct preoperative finding in several patients having embolism after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). From a total of over 10,000 cardiac catheterization procedures, four patients had ventricular wall motion abnormalities with discrete, mobile, pedunculated filling defects noted during ventriculography. Three of these patients eventually underwent CABG, and each had a postoperative embolic episode. A similar catheterization finding was noted in a fourth patient, who later had an embolic event. Thus, ***ever in the absence of a discrete aneurysm, this observation suggests the need for an aggressive surgical approach to CABG patients with these ventricular filling defects.
Migration Policy from the European Perspective: A Primer for Forecasters

In this chapter a general outline of the development of the migration policies in European countries is presented. It contains a historical sketch of the policies and the status quo for 2002, supplemented with some expectations of their evolution after 2002. The rationale behind the incorporation of migration policy analysis in the demographic prognoses lies in its role in shaping the migration flows. Since the particular interest of this book lies in the impact migration might have on the demography of the sending and receiving countries, the aspects of migration policy influencing long-term migration are highlighted.
Introduction - Control of bone resorption: Six different topics related to osteoclast activity

Dr. G. David Roodman will discuss the mechanisms of bone resorption in myeloma. In particular, he will focus on the important question of whether bone resorption is required for the growth of myeloma cells and new targets for controlling the bone destructive process in myeloma. Dr. Joseph Lorenzo will discuss the characteristics of osteoclast precursors in murine bone marrow and will focus on what is the lineage of osteoclast precursors. He will explore the important question whether B cell precursors play an important role in bone destruction in estrogen deficiency. Dr. John Chirgwin will discuss the interactions between tumor cells and bone, and how these interactions result in changes in the phenotype of both types of these cells. Tumor bone interactions may result in critical changes in both the microenvironment and tumors, which impede the cure of bone metastasis. Dr. Paddy Ross will review the role of the cytoskeleton in osteoclast function and the molecular mechanisms by which re-organization of this key element of the cell is regulated. He will then examine the role of Vavs, regulators of selected small GTPases, in osteoclast biology. Dr. Steve Goldring will then discuss bone resorption in chronic inflammatory conditions, which cytokines appear to be important in this process, and how to best reverse the bone destructive process in chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Dr. Jorn Rittweger will discuss the effects of immobilization on bone resorption. These studies will be directly applicable to bone loss during space travel as well as immobilization.
Detritic synovitis can mimic a Propionibacterium periprosthetic infection

The purpose of this article is to illustrate that the clinical findings of detritic synovitis complicating a total shoulder arthroplasty can strongly resemble those of a ‘stealth’ periprosthetic shoulder infection with a low-virulence organism such as Propionibacterium. We present a review of the literature and illustrate an example of detritic synovitis following a total shoulder arthroplasty. The combination of glenoid component loosening and humeral osteolysis after total shoulder arthroplasty are commonly attributed to periprosthetic infection with low virulence organisms, such as Propionibacterium or coagulase negative Staphylococcus. Such a periprosthetic infection can appear long after the index joint replacement. This article points out that these same findings may occur with a non-infectious process initiated by polyethylene, cement or metal debris—detritic synovitis. At present, the important differentiation between these two etiologies can only be ascertained by awaiting the results of cultures obtained at the time of revision surgery.
ABSOLUTE KNOWING: consternation and preservation in hegel’s phenomenology of spirit and shakespeare’s troilus and cressida

Hegel’s “Absolute Knowing” and Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida are tragi-comic consternations. They are theatres of ethical panentheism: they present dramatic “absolute” ethical interpretations and actions, each of which is at once ungrounded and completely seeded. I start with the etymology of “consternation.” Then I discuss the comic vs. tragic interpretations of Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit, arguing it is a consternating tragi-comedy. I analyze the predicate “absolute” in terms of consternations, in a few passages of the book. I elaborate especially upon phenomenological reasoning’s Sache selbst (the “absolute thing”). In the Phenomenology, reason develops by thinking the absolute thing through culture, politics, morality, and religion, reaching completion in “Absolute Knowing.” That absolute is reason’s comprehensive insight into its phenomenological absolutes, and (is) its own absolute sublating (aufheben). Northrop Frye’s cited claim about myth can be understood in this phenomenologica...
A Packet Radio Network for Library Automation

The progress of libraries towards establishing online databases and automated search and retrieval tools allows them to share their resources and provide access to remote users. Unfortunately, the steady increase in the cost of leased lines makes them very undesirable as the media for access networks for budget-constrained libraries. An alternative approach-a packet switching radio network-is therefore presented here. Low-cost, commercially available radio transceivers and standard personal computers are the hardware building blocks of the system. The resulting network employs a suite of protocols, including channel access, routing, congestion control, and the higher-level TCP/IP. This network, which is planned to cover a large part of northern California, will provide remote access to University of California's automated library online catalog system. It will also support communication between any two end-points, provide for alternative routes in cases of link or nodal failure, and monitor its own performance. This paper, then, presents the network's topology, its architecture, its basic elements, and the functions it performs.
Pocket Grafting with Dermal Grafts: Autologous Collagen Implants for Permanent Correction of Cutaneous Depressions

The objective of this study was to develop the rationale, operative results, and methods obtained from dermal grafting and to compare them with existing methods of soft-tissue augmentation. Techniq...
Role of seasonal transitions and the westerlies in the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation

A recent hypothesis holds that changes to the East Asian summer rainfall are characterized by changes in the timing and duration of its intraseasonal stages, controlled by the meridional position of the westerlies relative to the Tibetan Plateau. This hypothesis is examined in the context of the leading mode of East Asian summer (July-Aug) rainfall. One phase of this ‘tripole’ mode – characterized by less rainfall over central-eastern China and increased rainfall over northeastern and southeastern China – is tied to an earlier termination of Meiyu that results in a significantly shorter Meiyu and longer Midsummer stage. This phase also exhibits an earlier northward transition of the westerlies to the north of the Plateau, essentially mirroring the changes to precipitation seasonality. The reverse does not hold true for the opposite phase. Our results show direct observational evidence for the meridional position of the westerlies to control East Asian summer monsoon seasonality.
Creating and Assessing an Information Literacy Component in an Undergraduate Specialized Science Class

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the information literacy needs of undergraduate forensic science students to become lifelong learners throughout their careers. Researchers designed a one-credit hour course combining information literacy instruction with forensic science professional seminars. Two separate cohorts were evaluated. The majority of students (75 percent) showed improvement in information literacy skill levels by the end of the course. Students initially scoring lower than the cohort average on a pretest appeared to gain the greatest benefit. Results suggest that this type of instruction could serve as a baseline for undergraduate science programs seeking to improve how students utilize scientific and legal information.
WIDOCO: A Wizard for Documenting Ontologies

In this paper we describe WIDOCO, a WIzard for DOCumenting Ontologies that guides users through the documentation process of their vocabularies. Given an RDF vocabulary, WIDOCO detects missing vocabulary metadata and creates a documentation with diagrams, human readable descriptions of the ontology terms and a summary of changes with respect to previous versions of the ontology. The documentation consists on a set of linked enriched HTML pages that can be further extended by end users. WIDOCO is open source and builds on well established Semantic Web tools. So far, WIDOCO has been used to document more than one hundred ontologies in different domains.
Protein Partitioning into Ordered Membrane Domains: Insights from Simulations

Abstract Cellular membranes are laterally organized into domains of distinct structures and compositions by the differential interaction affinities between various membrane lipids and proteins. A prominent example of such structures are lipid rafts, which are ordered, tightly packed domains that have been widely implicated in cellular processes. The functionality of raft domains is driven by their selective recruitment of specific membrane proteins to regulate their interactions and functions; however, there have been few general insights into the factors that determine the partitioning of membrane proteins between coexisting liquid domains. In this work, we used extensive coarse-grained and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, potential of mean force calculations, and conceptual models to describe the partitioning dynamics and energetics of a model transmembrane domain from the linker of activation of T cells. We find that partitioning between domains is determined by an interplay between protein-lipid interactions and differential lipid packing between raft and nonraft domains. Specifically, we show that partitioning into ordered domains is promoted by preferential interactions between peptides and ordered lipids, mediated in large part by modification of the peptides by saturated fatty acids (i.e., palmitoylation). Ordered phase affinity is also promoted by elastic effects, specifically hydrophobic matching between the membrane and the peptide. Conversely, ordered domain partitioning is disfavored by the tight molecular packing of the lipids therein. The balance of these dominant drivers determines partitioning. In the case of the wild-type linker of activation of T cells transmembrane domain, these factors combine to yield enrichment of the peptide at Lo/Ld interfaces. These results define some of the general principles governing protein partitioning between coexisting membrane domains and potentially explain previous disparities among experiments and simulations across model systems.
Analyze and Predict Student Dropout from Online Programs

Increasing student retention rates in higher education is an important goal because of its pertinence to the institution's core mission and its financial well-being. However, the consistent low graduation rates during the past half-century demonstrate the persistence of this challenge. Online programs in higher educations are generally afflicted with even lower retention rates than on-campus programs. With increasing availability of institutional data in the past decade, we can apply data mining approaches to analyze those data to help with the retention problems. In the context of retaining more students in online programs, we develop an educational data mining framework to analyze the institutional data and predict the potential students who might leave online programs before the new term begins. Our goal of this project is to provide our administrators, instructors, and staff members an opportunity to take actions to intervene in the students' dropout process before it takes place to improve the online program retention rate. The performance evaluations of the proposed predictive models are discussed. Performance comparison with other methods in the literature is conducted as well. The outcome of this project has been adopted by our institution to increase the retention rate for distance education.
Proteins encoded by the DpnII restriction gene cassette two methylases and an endonuclease

Abstract Proteins encoded by three genes in the DpnII restriction enzyme cassette of Streptococcus pneumoniae were purified and characterized. Large amounts of the proteins were produced by subcloning the cassette in an Escherichia coli expression system. All three proteins appear to be dimers composed of identical polypeptide subunits. One is the DpnII endonuclease, and the other two are DNA adenine methylases active at 5′ GATC 3′ sites. Inactivation of enzyme activity by insertions into the genes and comparison of the DNA sequence with the amino-terminal sequence of amino acid residues in the proteins demonstrated the following correspondence between genes and enzymes. The promoter-proximal gene in the operon, dpnM, encodes a 33 × 103 Mr polypeptide that gives rise to a potent DNA methylase. The next gene, dpnA, encodes the 31 × 103 Mr polypeptide of a weaker and less-specific methylase. The third gene, dpnB, encodes the 34 × 103 Mr polypeptide of the endonuclease. Although the endonuclease polypeptide is initiated from an ordinary ribosome-binding site, each of the methylase polypeptides begins at an atypical site with a consensus sequence entirely different from that of Shine & Dalgarno. This presumptive novel ribosome-binding site is well recognized in both S. pneumoniae and E. coli.