cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interlobular and intralobular mammary stroma: genotype may not reflect phenotype.

The normal growth and function of mammary epithelial cells depend on interactions with the supportive stroma. Alterations in this communication can lead to the progression or expansion of malignant growth. The human mammary gland contains two distinctive types of fibroblasts within the stroma. The epithelial cells are surrounded by loosely connected intralobular fibroblasts, which are subsequently surrounded by the more compacted interlobular fibroblasts. The different proximity of these fibroblasts to the epithelial cells suggests distinctive functions for these two subtypes. In this report, we compared the gene expression profiles between the two stromal subtypes. Fresh normal breast tissue was collected from reduction mammoplasty patients and immediately placed into embedding medium and frozen on dry ice. Tissue sections were subjected to laser capture microscopy to isolate the interlobular from the intralobular fibroblasts. RNA was prepared and subjected to microarray analysis using the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 GeneChip®. Data was analyzed using the Affy and Limma packages available from Bioconductor. Findings from the microarray analysis were validated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. No statistically significant difference was detected between the gene expression profiles of the interlobular and intralobular fibroblasts by microarray analysis and RT-PCR. However, for some of the genes tested, the protein expression patterns between the two subtypes of fibroblasts were significantly different. This study is the first to report the gene expression profiles of the two distinct fibroblast populations within the human mammary gland. While there was no significant difference in the gene expression profiles between the groups, there was an obvious difference in the expression pattern of several proteins tested. This report also highlights the importance of studying gene regulation at both the transcriptional and post-translational level.
Jazzin' Healthy: Interdisciplinary Health Outreach Events Focused on Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Health-related disparities are a significant public health concern. In conjunction with a university concert series, healthcare professionals and students provided education, clinical services, and preventive care using an interdisciplinary approach to a primarily African American cohort. The objective was to assess cardiovascular risk factors and readiness to change health-related behaviors. Six outreach events were conducted over 3 years by an interdisciplinary team including pharmacy, medicine, nursing, nutrition, occupational therapy, public health, optometry, and health information technology. Clinical services, such as health screenings for glucose, blood pressure, cholesterol, and body fat along with counseling on the results and smoking cessation behavioral counseling, were provided. Education initiatives addressed bone health, heart disease, HIV risk, nutrition, and access to physician care. Preventative care included vaccinations and eye exams. There were 285 participants that were predominantly African American (95.8 %), female (71.5 %), and age within 55–64 years (45.1 %). Hypertension (50.8 %) and obesity (65.1 %) were the most common cardiovascular risk factors. Of those advised to make health behavior changes, 76.4 % reported they planned to make changes within 1 month. These interdisciplinary outreach events provided health information and access to care in a novel setting and led to a high rate of planned health behavior changes.
Spray coating process for epoxy integral insulation of rotating electrical equipment

The development of one part powdered epoxy resins for spray and fluidized bed use has given the electric motor industry a new approach to ground insulation. Refinements of the epoxy systems to provide high edge coverage, high cut-through resistance, and no post cure makes them even more attractive to the motor manufacturer. The advantages of integral insulation over conventional ground insulation have been well covered in other publications (1, 2) and will not be discussed here. The acceptance of the epoxy integral insulation system by the motor industry has created the need for an easily automated production process that will produce optimum coating results.
Analysis and Handling on Anomalous Vibration of 500 MW Turbogenerator When Crossing Critical Speed

Mostly, vibration of a generator is caused by unbalance. And the high speed dynamic balancing is the commonly used primary means to eliminate the vibration.This paper is based on the theory of flexible rotors.This paper introduces an example by using the low speed dynamic balancing to eliminate the anomalous vibration when crossing critical speed. The time of maintenance was saved and the factory was benefited greatly and economically. This way has a big reference value to eliminate the vibration for the turbogenerator. It is suitable for further promotion.
Professing Performance: Institutions and performance: professing performance in the early twentieth century

“Our professional protocols of value [are] being squeezed by a system whose ideal image of itself promotes theoretically sophisticated, interdisciplinary work in extraliterary studies but whose material base is shrinking … it was roughly twenty years ago that Richard Ohmann pointed out, in English in America , that the profession of English studies thought of itself as doing criticism and theory but was in actuality devoting half of its courses to introductory composition.” Michael Berube “What a deal: by honoring our own history we get to lead the hottest trends.” Joseph Roach To profess performance In 1905, Professor George Lyman Kittredge, Chairman of the English department at Harvard University, dropped a note to his colleague Professor George Pierce Baker. The latter had been concerned that one of Kittredge's new hires might have designs on the teaching of “the drama” and thus designs on Baker's own curricular territory. Kittredge sought to mollify Baker's anxiety. “You may feel quite secure,” he wrote, “as to any cutting into your special field.” The sentence reproduced the content and form of an all-too familiar interaction between empowered chairman and paranoid colleague. And, as is often true of such interactions, it also revealed a hint of intellectual condescension within its gesture of institutional assurance, one that left flexible whether the word “special” had the connotation of the extraordinary, the narrow, or the peripheral. Similar kinds of anxieties can be found in the archives of other key figures in the early institutionalization of performance in the American academy.
In-house production of archaeological publications on the Macintosh

Advances in graphics-oriented personal computers, software, and printers now make it possible for nearly anyone with a little practice to produce camera-ready, type-set quality materials for journals and books, permitting publication at greatly reduced cost. Many types of archaeological graphics, including maps, plans, and profiles, can easily be composed and integrated with text directly on the computer. While it is still most practical to prepare the mechanicals for certain fine drawings and photographic half-tones at least partially by hand, the process is greatly eased by modern page-layout software. The amount of paste-up necessary, even for a complex, profusely illustrated archaeological monograph, is minimal. Finally, inexpensive, dedicated software can reduce the time needed to prepare an index for a major monograph from about three weeks to three days, which should make this valuable feature a mandatory addition.
Neurotoxic Complications of Contrast CT

Four children, ages 4-10 yrs, with brain tumors treated at the Univ of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, developed alterations in consciousness and vital signs after contrast-enhanced cranial computed tomography (CT).
Perpetua in the Early Middle Ages

Perpetua appears in a number of chronicles and martyrologies in the early Middle Ages, including those composed by Prosper of Aquitaine, the Venerable Bede, Florus of Lyons, Ado of Vienne, and Notker Balbulus of St. Gall. Cotter-Lynch tracks the textual genealogy of Perpetua’s story; in the early Middle Ages, we see the continued influence of the Passio Perpetuae, Acta Perpetuae, and Augustine’s sermons 280, 281, and 282 on the hagiographic tradition of Perpetua. In addition, Cotter-Lynch examines Notker Balbulus’ hymn “In Natale Sanctarum Feminarum,” or “For the Festival of Holy Women,” in the context of the ninth-century Benedictine reforms, to show how Notker recombines aspects of earlier texts about St. Perpetua in order to shape his audience’s conception of feminine sanctity.
Post-cinematic theatre and performance

Amidst a backdrop of proliferating use of mixed media techniques in contemporary theatre, Piotr Woycicki offers a critical exploration of the effects of using cinematic codes and conventions in liv...
Mammalian SWI/SNF complexes in cancer: emerging therapeutic opportunities

Mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes orchestrate a diverse set of chromatin alterations which impact transcriptional output. Recent whole-exome sequencing efforts have revealed that the genes encoding subunits of mSWI/SNF complexes are mutated in over 20% of cancers, spanning a wide range of tissue types. The majority of mutations result in loss of subunit protein expression, implicating mSWI/SNF subunits as tumor suppressors. mSWI/SNF-deficient cancers remain a therapeutic challenge, owing to a lack of potent and selective agents which target complexes or unique pathway dependencies generated by mSWI/SNF subunit perturbations. Here, we review the current landscape of mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic opportunities for human malignancies driven by mSWI/SNF complex perturbation.
Trial Implementation of a Multihazard Risk Assessment Framework for High-Impact Low-Frequency Power Grid Events

The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory developed a risk framework for modeling high-impact, low-frequency power grid events to support risk-informed decisions. In this paper, we briefly recap the framework and demonstrate its implementation for seismic and geomagnetic hazards using a benchmark reliability test system. We describe integration of a collection of models implemented to perform hazard analysis, fragility evaluation, consequence estimation, and postevent restoration. We demonstrate the value of the framework as a multihazard power grid risk assessment and management tool. The research will benefit transmission planners and emergency planners by improving their ability to maintain a resilient grid infrastructure against impacts from major events.
Understanding patterns and correlates of daily pain using the Sickle cell disease Mobile Application to Record Symptoms via Technology (SMART).

Author(s): Jonassaint, Charles R; Kang, Chaeryon; Abrams, Daniel M; Li, Jingyi J; Mao, Jason; Jia, Yimeng; Long, Qi; Sanger, Maureen; Jonassaint, Jude C; De Castro, Laura; Shah, Nirmish
Early Childhood Adverse Experiences, Inferior Frontal Gyrus Connectivity, and the Trajectory of Externalizing Psychopathology.

Objective Early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to the development of both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. In our prior work, we found that ACEs predicted reductions in the volume of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a brain region important for impulse control and emotion regulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that ACEs might influence child behavioral outcomes through an impact on IFG functional connectivity, which may influence impulsive or risk-taking behavior. Method We examined the effects of prospectively assessed ACEs on IFG connectivity in childhood, and their relationship to the trajectory of subsequent psychopathology from late school age and early adolescence, using data from an 11-year longitudinal study of children starting in preschool that included 3 waves of resting state functional connectivity across childhood and early adolescence. Results ACEs predicted functional connectivity of both left and right IFG. Multi-level modeling of symptoms across 3 waves of assessments indicated that more ACEs predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, altered IFG connectivity specifically predicted greater externalizing symptoms over time in middle childhood and early adolescence, as compared to internalizing symptoms. Longitudinal modeling indicating that the relationships between externalizing and functional connectivity were maintained across 3 waves of functional connectivity assessment. Conclusion These findings underscore the relationship of ACEs to later psychopathology, and suggest that connectivity of the IFG, a region known to play an important role in impulse control and emotion regulation, may play a key role in the risk trajectory of ACEs to externalizing problems. However, further work is needed to understand whether these relationships reflect a direct effect of ACEs or whether ACEs are a marker for other environmental or genetic factors that may also influence brain development and behavior.
The Roma and documentary film: Considerations for collection development:

This paper explores the issues and criteria involved in developing a creditable documentary film collection about the Romani people for an academic library. Throughout their history, the Roma, or G...
Distinct mechanisms coordinate transcription and translation under carbon and nitrogen starvation in Escherichia coli

Bacteria adapt to environmental stress by producing proteins that provide stress protection. However, stress can severely perturb the kinetics of gene expression, disrupting protein production. Here, we characterized how Escherichia coli mitigates such perturbations under nutrient stress through the kinetic coordination of transcription and translation. We observed that, when translation became limiting under nitrogen starvation, transcription elongation slowed accordingly. This slowdown was mediated by (p)ppGpp, the alarmone whose primary role is thought to be promoter regulation. This kinetic coordination by (p)ppGpp was critical for the robust synthesis of gene products. Surprisingly, under carbon starvation, (p)ppGpp was dispensable for robust synthesis. Characterization of the underlying kinetics revealed that under carbon starvation, transcription became limiting, and translation aided transcription elongation. This mechanism naturally coordinated transcription with translation, alleviating the need for (p)ppGpp as a mediator. These contrasting mechanisms for coordination resulted in the condition-dependent effects of (p)ppGpp on global protein synthesis and starvation survival. Our findings reveal a kinetic aspect of gene expression plasticity, establishing (p)ppGpp as a condition-dependent global effector of gene expression.
Value and Payment in Sleep Medicine.

Value, like beauty, exists in the eye of the beholder. This article places the value of clinical sleep medicine services in historical context and presents a vision for the value-based sleep of the...
A proposed method for the measurement of anesthetist care variability.

Objective.Some critical events in anesthesiology occur as seemingly preventable misadventures, their exact origins indeterminable. In experienced anesthetists, anesthesia machine malfunctions, lack of vigilance and human error inevitably initiate some incidents [1]. Anesthesia training improves recognition and decision-making. Avoiding crisis initiation andamelioration of those that do occur is one role of the consultant anesthesiologist [2]. Safe patient care requires medical and procedural knowledge, technical expertise, and control of resources in a complex milieu [3]. Anesthesia simulators are clinical laboratories where anesthetists can sharpen both cognitive and manual skills [4, 5, 13]. Dynamic scenarios allow opportunities for anesthetists to explore and experience crises as they develop and apply their knowledge while attempting to manage these events [6]. Simulator-based scenarios are reproducible and large amounts of useful data can be collected and saved [7]. The authors hypothesize these data can be utilized to compare performance of anesthetists and to measure improvement of individual anesthetists over time. Methods.We have designed “StableAnesthesia,” a prototypic scenario to test anesthetists’capabilities under the stress of performance guidelines. Three subjects performed anesthesia using the simulator and this protocol. Data from the simulator were archived by the system and analyzed by the authors. Results.A simple mathematical analysis gave good separation of data from three subjects of different training level. Conclusions.It is suggested that the use of the techniques mentioned here may be of value in the development of a standardized testing protocol for anesthetists.
Gaseous corrosion resistance of Fe-Al-based alloys containing Cr additions Part I: Kinetic results

Abstract Iron–aluminum-based weld overlay claddings have recently been considered as corrosion resistant coatings. In this particular study, 10 alloys were exposed at 500 °C to three different corrosive environments ranging from a highly sulfidizing to an oxidizing atmosphere. Corrosion kinetics were determined for exposed alloys and cross-sectional microscopy was used to relate the corrosion products to the corrosion rates. It was found that critical aluminum and chromium concentrations were required to prevent rapid corrosion kinetics during 100 h of exposure. Titanium was found to help the corrosion resistance of a Fe–Al–Cr alloy when exposed to a highly sulfidizing environment, but had an insignificant effect on the corrosion kinetics of alloys exposed to a mixed oxidizing/sulfidizing and an oxidizing atmosphere. The total aluminum and chromium concentration was taken as the alloy content factor ( ϕ = at% Al + at% Cr) in order to numerically represent alloys based on the alloying elements. Critical alloying content values were found for each environment based on the corrosion kinetics. It was determined that 19 at% Al and 1 at% Cr was required to prevent rapid corrosion kinetics in all three corrosive environments.
Edible plate waste assessment in a university dining hall

A method to measure and assess plate waste quantitatively in a university dining hall was developed and tested. Waste per person averaged 8.8 ox. per day, with total plate waste oer day estimated at 468 lb. Less waste occurred at breakfast than at the other two meals. One-fourth of all cooked vegetables served was wasted. The data also indicated that almost one-half of the total food waste was composed of beverage items. Mean cost of plate waste per person per day totaled +0.265. Impact of the cost of this plate waste on the total food budget was considerable, amounting to about +26,400 during the semester. Although reasons for plate waste were not determined as part of this study, examination of waste within or among food groups was informative, indicating where corrective measures could be targeted. Value of the study data can best be realized as a baseline for comparison with future studies.
The Circle of Life: Preparing Teachers to Work with American Indian Students with Disabilities:

This article describes a federally funded project designed to prepare teachers to work with American Indian students with disabilities. The model teacher preparation project is designed to address ...
The Utility of Laboratory Data: What to Consider and How to Interpret in Common Abdominal Diseases

The evaluation of abdominal pain in the emergency department demands the consideration of a multitude of pathologies. Laboratory data is commonly used both in the diagnosis of abdominal pain etiology and in determining an appropriate disposition for the patient. An understanding of the applications and limitations of various laboratory studies in this context is important for a practicing emergency provider. This review provides the practicing clinician with advice on when to utilize these tests and in how they should be interpreted.
Differential Cytokine Utilization and Tissue Tropism Results in Distinct Repopulation Kinetics of Naïve vs. Memory T Cells in Mice.

Naive and memory T cells co-exist in the peripheral T cell pool, but the cellular mechanisms that maintain the balance and homeostasis of these two populations remain mostly unclear. To address this question, here, we assessed homeostatic proliferation and repopulation kinetics of adoptively transferred naive and memory T cells in lymphopenic host mice. We identified distinct kinetics of proliferation and tissue-distribution between naive and memory donor T cells, which resulted in the occupancy of the peripheral T cell pool by mostly naive-origin T cells in short term ( 4 weeks). To explain this finding, we assessed utilization of the homeostatic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 by naive and memory T cells. We found different efficiencies of IL-7 signaling between naive and memory T cells, where memory T cells expressed larger amounts of IL-7Rα but were significantly less potent in activation of STAT5 that is downstream of IL-7 signaling. Nonetheless, memory T cells were superior in long-term repopulation of the peripheral T cell pool, presumably, because they preferentially migrated into non-lymphoid tissues upon adoptive transfer and additionally utilized tissue IL-15 for rapid expansion. Consequently, co-utilization of IL-7 and IL-15 provides memory T cells a long-term survival advantage. We consider this mechanism important, as it permits the memory T cell population to be maintained in face of constant influx of naive T cells to the peripheral T cell pool and under competing conditions for survival cytokines.
Abstract P271: Objectively Measured Sleep Phenotypes Are Associated With Cardiovascular Health in Men and Women: Results From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Sleep Study

Introduction: Poor sleep patterns are ubiquitous and may play a role in cardiovascular disease etiology through their influence on health behaviors and factors included in the American Heart Associ...
Limb Perfusion During Exercise Assessed by Contrast Ultrasound Varies According to Symptom Severity in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

Background In patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), the severity of symptoms correlates poorly with ankle-brachial index (ABI). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that limb perfusion assessed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEU) during contractile exercise varies according to functional class in patients with PAD, particularly those with ABIs in the 0.4 to 0.6 range whose symptoms vary widely. Methods Bilateral quantitative CEU perfusion imaging of the calf was performed in normal control subjects (n = 10) and patients with PAD who had at least one limb with a moderately reduced ABI (0.4–0.6; n = 17). Imaging was performed at rest and immediately after 30 sec of modest periodic (0.3-Hz) plantar flexion (10 W). Results In patients with PAD, Rutherford symptom classification for each limb varied widely, including in limbs with ABIs of 0.4 to 0.6 (n = 6 with mild or no symptoms, n = 14 with moderate to severe symptoms). CEU perfusion imaging parameters at rest were similar between control subjects and patients with PAD irrespective of ABI. In normal control subjects, limb flow increased on average by > 20-fold after only 30 sec of moderate exercise. In patients with PAD, muscle exercise perfusion for all limbs was reduced compared with control subjects and decreased according to the severity of ABI reduction, primarily from reduced microvascular flux rate. Even limbs with ABIs > 0.9 in patients with PAD had lower exercise perfusion than in control subjects (P = .03). In subjects with PAD, exercise perfusion was lower in those with moderate to severe versus mild symptoms when analyzed for all limbs (median, 30 IU/sec [interquartile range (IQR), 21–52 IU/sec] vs 84 IU/sec [IQR, 36–177 IU/sec]; P = .01) and limbs with ABIs of 0.4 to 0.6 (median, 26 IU/sec [IQR, 14–41 IU/sec] vs 54 IU/sec [IQR, 31–105 IU/sec]; P = .05). Conclusions In patients with PAD, CEU exercise perfusion imaging detects differences in limb muscle perfusion that are likely to be responsible for differences in symptom severity and can detect the flow abnormalities from microvascular dysfunction even in limbs with normal ABIs.
A Free Trade Agreement with South Korea Would Promote Both Prosperity and Security

President Barack Obama took office with a record of skepticism toward free trade, including several free trade agreements negotiated by the Bush administration. The Democratic Congress was even more hostile to liberalizing international commerce. Now the president has made trade promotion an administration priority. One of the surest strategies to grow the economy and increase higher paying employment is to expand trade. Thus he has endorsed the free trade agreement with South Korea—with as yet undefined changes. He hopes to have an amended version ready at the next G-20 Summit, scheduled for Seoul in November. Although the accord is not perfect, it would substantially increase access to the South Korean market. Both the Republic of Korea and the United States would benefit from increased exports, economic growth, and job creation. The long-term potential is even greater: as South Koreans grow wealthier, they are likely to increase their foreign purchases, and eventual Korean reunification would greatly expand the Korean marketplace for American exporters. The free trade agreement also offers important geopolitical benefits. China’s rapid economic growth has helped expand Beijing’s influence throughout East Asia. Indeed, there is now more trade between South Korea and China than between the South and the United States. As American military dominance fades, the large and productive U.S. economy offers an important alternative form of regional engagement. Washington should seek to expand trade throughout the Asia-Pacific. Reducing trade barriers with South Korea is an important first step. The United States should move ahead even if Seoul resists formal renegotiation of the trade pact. Washington can and should push for further liberalization, but such efforts will be stillborn if the free trade agreement is not soon ratified. This is no time to allow the perfect to become the enemy of the good.
Community Obstetrical Units Less Likely than Academic Units to Have Universal COVID-19 Testing.

Author(s): Werner, Erika F; Louis, Judette M; Hughes, Brenna; Han, Christina Shih-Chi; Norton, Mary E; Srinivas, Sindhu K
Effects of patient-controlled epidural analgesia for labor on blood gas and Apgar score in newborns

Objective To explore the effects of patient-controlled epidural anesthesia (PCEA) for labor on newborns.Methods 200 puerperas were randomly divided into an analgesia group and a control group,100 for each group.The analgesia group received PCEA for labor with sufentanil and ropivacaine; while the control group received conventional childbirth management.Blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate,pulse rate,blood oxygen saturation,umbilical artery blood pH value,blood lactic acid,PO2,PCO2,and BE,and 1-5 min Apgar score in newborns were determined.Results Blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate,pulse rate,and blood oxygen saturation did not differ significantly between the two groups and the umbilical artery blood pH value,PO2,PCO2,and BE and 1-5 min Apgar score also did not differ statistically (P＞0.05 for all comparisons).Contents of blood lactic acid was markedly lowered in analgesia group.Conclusions Patient-controlled epidural anesthesia for labor can reduce the occurrence of neonatal acidosis and asphyxia. Key words: Patient-controlled epidural anesthesia; Labor analgesia; Blood gas analysis; Apgar scoring of newborns
Africans in America: Ghanaians in Dallas, an Illustration and Study of the Impact of Roots, Ritual, and Religion

The Ghanaian community of Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, demonstrates the human expressions of meaning in historical connections, dignity and honor, and religious/spiritual and ethical living. My ethnographic research in this community explored their worldview, patterns of behavior, and rituals. Unknown genealogies, the lack of roots, lack of spiritual and moral compass, and absence of a healthy family system/structure all have a devastating and adverse effect on a community. But these are not present in the Ghanaian community of North Texas. This is an example of a community that has overcome adverse experiences by creating social structures and living out Christian beliefs and practices that contrast with these negative elements. I provide here a glimpse into a group that has faced hardships such as life transition, migration, oppression, and economic difficulties . . . and overcome.
Lung cancer recurrence and mortality outcomes over a 10-year period using a multidisciplinary team approach.

Abstract Background Longitudinal data are limited regarding the impact of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach on patient outcomes among those diagnosed with lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to 1) compare 1- and 3-year recurrence and mortality rates among patients receiving a MDT vs. standard model of care; and 2) assess trends in these proportions over a 10-year period. Methods This investigation included 2044 lung cancer cases reported to the Stony Brook Cancer Registry between 2006 and 2015. Patients were stratified into 2 groups, those participating in Stony Brook’s Lung Cancer Evaluation Center’s (LCEC) MDT Program (n = 1179) and those receiving a standard model of care (n = 865). 1- and 3-year stage-stratified recurrence and mortality rates are reported. Logistic regression analyses are performed and linear by linear associations are used to assess trends over time. Results A higher proportion of patients in the MDT program (LCEC) remained disease-free at 1-year compared those receiving standard care (80.0 % vs 62.3 %, p Conclusions This study suggests that a comprehensive MDT program for lung cancer yields improved patient outcomes compared to the standard model of care and this approach may help to decrease rates of disease recurrence and mortality.
Investigation of REFINED CNN ensemble learning for anti-cancer drug sensitivity prediction.

MOTIVATION Anti-cancer drug sensitivity prediction using deep learning models for individual cell line is a significant challenge in personalized medicine. Recently developed REFINED (REpresentation of Features as Images with NEighborhood Dependencies) CNN (Convolutional Neural Network)-based models have shown promising results in improving drug sensitivity prediction. The primary idea behind REFINED-CNN is representing high dimensional vectors as compact images with spatial correlations that can benefit from CNN architectures. However, the mapping from a high dimensional vector to a compact 2D image depends on the a priori choice of the distance metric and projection scheme with limited empirical procedures guiding these choices. RESULTS In this article, we consider an ensemble of REFINED-CNN built under different choices of distance metrics and/or projection schemes that can improve upon a single projection based REFINED-CNN model. Results, illustrated using NCI60 and NCI-ALMANAC databases, demonstrate that the ensemble approaches can provide significant improvement in prediction performance as compared to individual models. We also develop the theoretical framework for combining different distance metrics to arrive at a single 2D mapping. Results demonstrated that distance-averaged REFINED-CNN produced comparable performance as obtained from stacking REFINED-CNN ensemble but with significantly lower computational cost. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The source code, scripts, and data used in the paper have been deposited in GitHub (https://github.com/omidbazgirTTU/IntegratedREFINED). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Clinical utilization of whole-body PET/MRI in childhood sarcoma

Hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a useful tool that combines the superior tissue contrast of MRI with the targeted functional imaging of PET. In the assessment of sarcomas in children, PET/MRI has the potential to serve as a single point of service, allowing superior anatomical imaging and evaluation of metabolic uptake during one imaging session. In this pictorial essay, we review our preliminary experience with PET/MRI in the evaluation of pediatric sarcoma. The limitations and contraindications of PET/MRI are also discussed.
Chance-Constrained Optimization: A Review of Mixed-Integer Conic Formulations and Applications

Chance-constrained programming (CCP) is one of the most difficult classes of optimization problems that has attracted the attention of researchers since the 1950s. In this survey, we first review recent developments in mixed-integer linear formulations of chance-constrained programs that arise from finite discrete distributions (or sample average approximation). We highlight successful reformulations and decomposition techniques that enable the solution of large-scale instances. We then review active research in distributionally robust CCP, which is a framework to address the ambiguity in the distribution of the random data. The focal point of our review is scalable formulations that can be readily implemented with state-of-the-art optimization software. However, we also discuss alternative approaches and specialized algorithms. Furthermore, we highlight the prevalence of CCPs with a review of applications across multiple domains.
Racial Disparities in Overall Survival and Surgical Treatment for Early Stage Lung Cancer by Facility Type

Abstract Background Early stage Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is potentially curable with surgical resection. There are persistent racial disparities for the receipt of surgery and overall survival rate for early stage NSCLC. The facility type where patients receive NSCLC treatment may directly impact racial disparities. Black patients who receive their treatment at academic facilities had a higher rate of surgery and higher overall survival compared to black patients treated at community facility types. Methods A total of 111,009 patients with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM clinical stage I and II NSCLC that were reported to the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) were analyzed. Healthcare facilities were dichotomized into the community and academic facility types. A multivariate adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to evaluate differences in the probability of undergoing surgery based on race and facility type. Kaplan Meier 3 and 5-year overall survival estimates were calculated for black and white patients based on treatment and the facility type where patients received care. Results We identified 99,767 white (89.87%) and 11,242 (10.12%) black patients with early stage NSCLC. Black patients were more likely to undergo surgery at academic facilities (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.24; p-value = 0.04) compared to community facilities. Black patients treated at academic facility types demonstrated significantly better 3 and 5-year overall survival compared to black patients treated at community facilities (Log Rank p-value Conclusion Black patients with early stage NSCLC who were treated at academic facility types had a significantly higher overall survival compared black patients treated at community facility types. The odds of black patients undergoing surgery were higher at academic facilities compared to community facilities.
Aerodynamic shape optimization of rectangular and elliptical double-skin façades to mitigate wind-induced effects on tall buildings

Abstract Double-skin facades (DSFs) are high-efficiency systems traditionally used to improve the natural ventilation of buildings for energy-saving purposes and their aesthetic improvement. There are opportunities to enhance their functionality by applying them to improve building aerodynamics. This study aims at developing the preliminar data set that would assist with design of smart morphing facades (also known as Smorphacades). For this purpose the a DSF for rectangular and elliptical tall buildings is studied with the final goal of minimizing the aerodynamic loads on such structures. For this purpose, an integrated framework including numerical modeling and statistical analysis was developed. The design of experiment (DOE) method was applied to produce a sufficient dataset based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of two-dimensional (2D) scaled models that were validated with available wind tunnel data. According to the data points recommended by the DOE method, a considerable number of CFD simulations were performed, and the drag coefficients of the building and double-skin facade were separately calculated. A prediction model based on the response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to estimate the drag coefficient for other cases inside the design space. Based on the fitted RSM, the Genetic algorithm was applied to search for the optimized Smorphacade shapes. The results indicated that the integrated smorphacade system could significantly mitigate wind-induced drag forces on the building at all attack angles by modifying wind-induced pressure around the building and weakening vortex shedding by interrupting flow separation and ejecting airflow into a lower-pressure area. This research proves that there are opportunitie to integarte the architectural and energy applications of smart double skin facades with wind-reducing effects as a promising solution for overcoming existing challenges for controlling wind-induced load and response of tall buildings.
The impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer stage at diagnosis

528Background: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, routine screening mammography (SM) was stopped and diagnostic mammography (DM) was limited for several months across the United States in order to red...
Women and girls with haemophilia receiving care at specialized haemophilia treatment centres in the United States.

INTRODUCTION Females may have haemophilia with the same factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) levels as affected males. Characterization of females with haemophilia would be useful for health care planning to meet their unique needs. Federally-funded haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) in the United States contribute data on all individuals with bleeding disorders receiving care to the Population Profile (HTC PP) component of the Community Counts Public Health Surveillance of Bleeding Disorders project. AIMS To estimate the number of females with haemophilia receiving care at HTCs in the United States and compare their characteristics with those of males with haemophilia. METHODS HTC PP data collected on people receiving care at an HTC from January 2012 through September 2020 with haemophilia A and B were evaluated by sex for demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS A factor level < 40% was reported for 23,196 males (97.8%) and 1667 females (47.6%) attending HTCs; 51 (.48%) severe, 79 (1.4%) moderate, and 1537 (17.9%) mild haemophilia patients were female. Females were older, more often White, and less often non-Hispanic than males. Females were less likely to have history of HIV or HCV infection, even among those with severe disease, but twice as likely to have infection status unknown. Females with mild haemophilia were more often uninsured than males. CONCLUSIONS Females with severe or moderate haemophilia are uncommon, even in specialized care centres; however, almost one in five patients with mild haemophilia was female, indicating needs for specialized care based on factor level and history for affected females.
Hyaluronan drug delivery systems are promising for cancer therapy because of their selective attachment, enhanced uptake, and superior efficacy

The emergence of nanomedicine and nanotechnology has started to change the clinical approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Innovations include drug targeting and enhanced efficacy. A drug carrier that has many desired properties for nanomedicine is hyaluronan. It has high affinity for water, does not induce an immunological response for high molecular weight hyaluronan, and possesses functional groups for drug conjugation. Furthermore, many carcinomas naturally overexpress hyaluronan receptors. Therefore, hyaluronan is an attractive biopolymer for formulating drug delivery devices and has been chemically modified to make liposomes, nanoparticles, and pendant-chain systems. Hyaluronan is even being developed as an excipient to enhance the effectiveness of drugs. These results merit the commercialization of hyaluronan-based nanotechnology.
The regulation of TonB-dependent transporters in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

THE REGULATION OF TONB-DEPENDENT TRANSPORTERS IN NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE By Aimee M Hollander A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: Cynthia Nau Cornelissen, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that causes the common sexuallytransmitted infection, gonorrhea. Gonococcal infections cause significant morbidity, particularly among women, as the organism ascends to the upper reproductive tract, resulting in pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and infertility. Antibiotic resistance rates have risen dramatically, leading to severe restriction of treatment options for gonococcal disease. Gonococcal infections do not elicit protective immunity nor is there an effective vaccine to prevent the disease. Thus, further characterization of expression, function and regulation of surface antigens could lead to better treatment and prevention modalities in the future. N. gonorrhoeae express a repertoire of TonBdependent transporters for the acquisition of iron. All of these transporters are under the transcriptional regulation of Fur. We investigated putative intracellular iron sources utilized by gonococci and the role that the TonB-dependent transporter, TdfF, played in this acquisition. We determined that ascorbate which could prevent ferritin degradation or withhold iron from gonococci, inhibited intracellular survival. The utilization of iron
Analysis of Minimal Functions of Simian Virus 40 II. Enhancement of Oncogenic Transformation in Vitro by UV Irradiation

After light uv irradiation (5,000 to 10,000 engs/mm/sup 2/) complete and defective simian virus 40 (SV40) showed an enhancement of oncogenic transformation capacity in Syrian hamster kidney cells in vitro up to 180 and 270% of the controls, respectively. Simultaneously with the enhancement of transformation, an increase in T-antigen induction was observed in CV-1 cells infected with light uv-irradiated SV40; infectivity, however, was correspondingly reduced by 1 log/sub 10/. After strong uv irradiation (10,000 to 50,000 ergs/mm) of complete and defective SV40, transformation capacity in vitro proved to be the most resistant viral function. It was only slightly reduced in comparison with a 4 to 5 log/sub 10/ reduction of infectivity. T-antigen induction of SV40 was also equally resistant to strong UV irradiation. No evidence was found of multiplicity reactivation involved in the high resistance of transformation capacity of SV40 after uv irradiation. Syrian hamster kidney cells transformed in vitrto by uv-irradiated SV40 contained the SV40-specific T-antigen and showed the same morphology and growth characteristics as cells transformed by non- irradiated complete or defective SV40. They induced malignant tumors after subcutaneous inoculation into Syrian hamsters. (auth)
Adaptive Methods for Hyperbolic Problems on Local Memory Parallel Processors

Parallel computers have opened up new directions for algorithm development. But the variety of parallel architectures and programming methods has lead to two apparently different models of computation. In this paper, I show that these models can be considered as special cases of memory access, similar to data cacheing. The numerical solution of hyperbolic partial differential equations is uses as an example, since simple algorithms for these problems exist and are representative of more realistic algorithms.
Comparative morphological study of the major arterial supply to the pelvic limb of the domestic animals.

The major arterial blood supplies to the pelvic limbs of the ox, sheep, goat, pig, and horse are described from a comparative standpoint and the findings presented by composite illustrations. The article is limited to the essential characteristics of the major vessels, details being available in the specific articles cited in the text. Zusammenfassung Vergleichende Untersuchungen uber die Hauptarterien der Beckengliedmasse bei den Haustieren Die hauptsachlichsten Arterien der Beckengliedmasse von Rind, Schaf, Ziege, Schwein und Pferd werden vom Standpunkt der vergleichenden Morphologie beschrieben und bildlich dargestellt. Der Artikel beschrankt sich auf die wesentlichsten Charakteristika der Hauptgefase, Details konnen den im Text zitierten Untersuchungen entnommen werden. Resume Recherches comparatives sur les arteres principales du bassin chez les animaux domestiques On decrit les arteres principales du bassin chez le boeuf, le mouton, la chevre, le porc et le cheval, sur le plan de la morphologie comparative, et on les represente par l'image. Cette publication se limite aux caracteristiques essentielles des principaux vaisseaux; les details peuvent etre trouves dans les recherches citees dans le texte. Resumen Estudios comparativos sobre las arterias principales de las extremidades pelvianas en los animales domesticos Desde el punto de vista de la morfologia comparada, se describen y representan graficamente las arterias mas principales de las extremidades pelvianas del buey, oveja, cabra, cerdo y caballo. El articulo se limita a las caracteristicas mas esenciales, pudiendose deducir los detalles de las experiencias citadas en el texto.
Halomethyl-metal compounds : XXXV. The preparation of dibromomethyl and bromochloromethyl derivatives of silicon and germanium by the (trihalomethyl)mercurial route and their reduction to monohalomethyl compounds☆

Abstract The reaction of phenyl(dibromochloromethyl)mercury and phenyl(tribromomethyl)mercury with organosilicon and organogermanium hydrides gave bromochloromethyl- and dibromomethyl-substituted derivatives of silicon and germanium via dihalocarbene insertion into the SiH and GeH bonds. The reduction of these products with tri-n-butyltin hydride at room temperature gave the respective monohalomethyl compounds, the bromochloromethyl derivatives being reduced to the chloromethyl compounds, the dibromomethyl derivatives to the bromomethyl compounds. Excellent yields were obtained in both steps of this new synthesis of monohalomethyl derivatives of silicon and germanium.
Airborne/spaceborne radar - Panel report

Mobile radar platforms can provide unique observations of geophysical phenomena for scientific research and for operational applications such as reconnaissance and flight safety. The advantages of an airborne or spaceborne radar are obvious; the radars provide 1) observations where it is often impractical or too costly to place a ground-based radar (e. g., over the oceans or mountains), 2) surveillance over a large area or over a long time period when the system of interest is moving, 3) the ability to adjust viewing angles to minimize uncertainties due to viewing geometry, for example, along a dual-Doppler baseline; and 4) measurements to complement coincident observations from other remote and in situ sensors.