cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excited-state dynamics in nitro-naphthalene derivatives: intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold in hundreds of femtoseconds.

Femtosecond transient absorption experiments and density functional calculations are presented for 2-methyl-1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitronaphthalene, and 1-nitronaphthalene in cyclohexane and acetonitrile solutions. Excitation of 2-methyl-1-nitronaphthalene at 340 nm populates the Franck–Condon singlet state, which bifurcates into two barrierless decay channels with sub-200-fs lifetimes. The primary decay channel connects the Franck–Condon singlet excited state with a receiver triplet state, whereas the second, minor channel involves conformational relaxation to populate an intramolecular charge-transfer state, as previously reported for 1-nitronaphthalene (J. Chem. Phys. 2009, 113, 224518). Conversely, the experimental and computational data for 2-nitronaphthalene shows that almost the entire Franck–Condon singlet excited-state population intersystem crosses to the triplet state in less than 200 fs due to a sizable energy barrier of ca. 5 kcal/mol that must be surmounted to access the intramolecular charge...
Supervisors' Perceptions of Entry-Level Management Topics Appropriate for Medical Technology Programs: A Needs Assessment Approach

A major task for program directors has always been the identification of appropriate management topics for medical technology students. One procedure for providing a valid list of such topics is a needs assessment evaluation. This report summarizes the use of the needs assessment approach for one program in New Orleans. Eighty-nine clinical laboratory supervisors responded to a questionnaire that requested their perceptions of the essential nature of 31 management topics and their identification of the eight most significant topics. The three topics receiving highest ratings in both formats were communication, listening skills, and decision making/problem solving.
Elucidating the Effects of a Rare-Earth Oxide Shell on the Luminescence Dynamics of Er3+:Y2O3 Nanoparticles

Rare-earth (RE) (Er3+ and Yb3+, Er3+)-doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3) core–shell particles were synthesized in this work using a two-step process where the cores were formed by molten salt synthesis while the shell was deposited by a sol–gel process. The cores were 100–150 nm, and a shell layer, up to 12 nm thick, was controllable based on the mass ratio between the RECl3 salts and the Er3+:Y2O3 (1 mol %) particles. A passive Y2O3 shell layer, at an optimal thickness around 8 nm, passivated the surface quenching sites and resulted in a 53% increase in photoluminescence lifetimes and visible separation in Stark splitting. Optically active shell layers, such as Yb2O3 and Yb3+:Y2O3, not only passivated the quenching sites but also facilitated energy transfer between the spatially controlled RE ions. Furthermore, the effect of surface passivation on the upconversion luminescence was determined through the purposed dynamic processes to corroborate the effect of the hydroxyl groups on energy dissipation. The additio...
Intrapericardial teratoma. Report of a case.

Abstract A typical case of an adult type of intrapericardial teratoma is reported. A review of the literature disclosed only 4 well-documented cases. Attention is called to the intimate attachment of the teratoma to the aortic wall and the inherent danger of hemorrhage during surgical removal of the tumor.
Synthesis and verification of digital circuits using functional simulation and boolean satisfiability

The semiconductor industry has long relied on the steady trend of transistor scaling, that is, the shrinking of the dimensions of silicon transistor devices, as a way to improve the cost and performance of electronic devices. However, several design challenges have emerged as transistors have become smaller. For instance, wires are not scaling as fast as transistors, and delay associated with wires is becoming more significant. Moreover, in the design flow for integrated circuits, accurate modeling of wire-related delay is available only toward the end of the design process, when the physical placement of logic units is known. Consequently, one can only know whether timing performance objectives are satisfied, i.e., if timing closure is achieved, after several design optimizations. Unless timing closure is achieved, expensive and time-consuming design-flow iterations are required. Given the challenges arising from increasingly complex designs, failing to quickly achieve timing closure threatens the ability of designers to produce high-performance chips that can match continually growing consumer demands. In this dissertation, we introduce powerful constraint-guided synthesis optimizations that take into account upcoming timing closure challenges and eliminate expensive design iterations. In particular, we use logic simulation to approximate the behavior of increasingly complex designs leveraging a recently proposed concept, called signatures, which allows us to represent a large fraction of a complex circuit's behavior in a compact data structure. By manipulating these signatures, we can efficiently discover a greater set of valid logic transformations than was previously possible and, as a result, enhance timing optimization. Based on the abstractions enabled through signatures, we propose a comprehensive suite of novel techniques: (1) a fast computation of circuit don't cares that increases restructuring opportunities, (2) a verification methodology to prove the correctness of speculative optimizations that efficiently utilizes the computational power of modern multi-core systems, and (3) a physical synthesis strategy using signatures that re-implements sections of a critical path while minimizing perturbations to the existing placement. Our results indicate that logic simulation is effective in approximating the behavior of complex designs and enables a broader family of optimizations than previous synthesis approaches.
Utilization of a Bar-Code System in a Nuclear Pharmacy

The need for positive identification and validation of administered radiopharmaceuticals is especially important in nuclear pharmacies. The effects of implementing a bar-code system to help improve the accuracy of this task were evaluated in our nuclear pharmacy. A bar-code system utilizing four wand scanners was incorporated with the Du Pont Nuclear Medicine/Nuclear Pharmacy Manager® software, run on an IBM Personal System/2™ Model 70 computer. All cold kits and lead pigs were pre-affixed with bar-code labels by the technologists. All the individual components (i.e., cold kit, lead pig, and eluting lead container) were then verified with the bar-code system when preparing a radiopharmaceutical. If an incorrect component was accidently chosen during the procedure, the computer alerted the technologist with a warning beep and message. In the same manner, if the wrong radiopharmaceutical was chosen when drawing a patient dose, the individual was alerted to the mistake. Since implementing this bar-code system in our nuclear pharmacy 23 months ago, we have eliminated misadministrations caused by incorrect kit preparation or selection of the wrong radiopharmaceutical. The biggest disadvantage of the bar-code system is the large amount of time a technologist must spend affixing bar-code labels to the cold kits and lead pigs. The pharmaceutical companies should be encouraged to include bar codes on all cold kits and radiopharmaceuticals because the need for greater accuracy in the performance of nuclear medicine procedures would benefit from a broader application of barcodes.
Depression in the older adult: What should be considered?

Abstract Introduction: The updated American Geriatrics Society (AGS) 2015 Beers Criteria include the following antidepressant classes as potentially inappropriate medications to be used with caution in older adults: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and mirtazapine. Methods: A search of the medical literature using PubMed and references included in the AGS 2015 Beers Criteria. Results: The treatment of depression in the older adult can additionally be complicated by comorbid conditions, as 80% of older adults have at least 1 comorbid condition and 50% have at least 2. These considerations limit the pharmacologic treatment options for depression in older adults. However, the treatment of major depression should not be overlooked, as it is quite common, with estimates of up to 5% of older adults in the community and up to 13.5% in older adults who receive home health care. Discussion: This article reviews treatment consideration...
Breaking Lorentz symmetry

Imagine you are about to create a universe. How would you do it? As soon as you say "let there be the laws of physics" you would immediately face a problem. Do the same laws hold for everyone in your universe regardless of where they are? Or do the laws change as you move about or face in different directions? Clearly the most equitable and fair way to proceed would be to make the laws of physics the same for all observers. To a physicist such equality and fairness of physical laws is called a symmetry, and the symmetry that requires the laws of physics to be the same for all observers is known as Lorentz symmetry.
Linear Mappings of Matrix Rings Preserving Invariants

Let R denote a commutative ring and (R)n be the n × n matrix ring over R. For over 90 years much effort has been devoted to following question and its variations: Suppose that λ(A) is an invariant defined on matrices A in (R)n. Determine the set of R-linear mappings T: (R)n → (R)n that preserve the invariant λ.
Exploring the Relationship between Sport Fan Identification and Addiction to Digital Sports Media

Social media has proved to be a constant source of information and entertainment for sport fans. These social media sites allow sport organizations to provide news about the organizations and the athletes that play for them, as well as serving as a means of communication between the organization and fans, or between the fans themselves. Smartphones have enabled this communication to be nearly constant, allowing sport fans to access information around the clock. Anecdotal evidence suggests this on-demand access to information about a fan's favorite team will increase the avidity by which the fan consumes the sport product. In a parallel development, researchers have investigated the detrimental effects devoting too much time to social media has on consumers. This research bridges these lines of inquiry and examines the relationship between social media addiction and highly identified and committed sport fans. Data were collected from college students, and a multiple regression analysis was performed which resulted in no statistically significant relationship between addiction to social media and high levels of sport identification and commitment. The results suggest that for sport organizations, social media is not a one-size-fits-all approach to reaching a segmented based on identification and commitment market.
Quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside protect against photooxidation and photodegradation of A2E in retinal pigment epithelial cells

A family of photoreactive retinaldehyde-derived molecules accumulate in retinal pigment epithelial cells with age; this accumulation is implicated in some retinal diseases. One of these compounds is the diretinal fluorophore A2E. Here we compared polyphenols for their ability to suppress the photooxidation and photodegradation of A2E. In cells that had accumulated A2E and were irradiated with short-wavelength light, quercetin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid diminished cellular levels of reactive oxygen species, but only quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside promoted cell viability. By chromatographic quantitation, quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside reduced the consumption of A2E by photooxidation in both cell- and cell-free assays. With ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside also inhibited the formation of photooxidized-A2E species. While photodegradation of A2E is known to result in the release of reactive carbonyls, we demonstrated that quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside decreased the formation of methylglyoxal adducts in the cells, and reduced the expression of mRNA encoding receptor for advanced glycation end products. These polyphenols also protected glutathione from reaction with photooxidized A2E. In rod outer segments incubated with all-trans-retinal to generate bisretinoid, followed by irradiation, quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside reduced release of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal. In conclusion, quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside can guard against photooxidative processes in retina.
Coping With Group Members Who Insult the In-Group:

How do people cope with group members who insult the in-group? The 2016 U.S. Presidential election provided an opportunity to examine this question among group members experiencing unprecedented wi...
A Portrait of a Resilient, Healthy City: Terrorism Threats, Urban Risks and Resilience

The aim of deeply understanding the relationship between terrorism threats and the multiple forms of terrorism resilience, both for prevention-preparedness and response phases, has been achieved with a collection of eight interviews with experts in the fields of security, immigration and crisis and disaster management.
Oral ibuprofen differentially affects plasma and sweat lipid mediator profiles in healthy adult males.

Abstract Sweat contains a variety of lipid mediators, but whether they originate from the plasma filtrate or from the cutaneous sweat glandular tissues themselves is unknown. To explore this knowledge gap, we collected plasma and sweat from healthy men ( n = 9) immediately before and 0.5, 2 and 4 h after oral administration of 400 mg ibuprofen. Of the over 100 lipid mediators assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, ∼45 were detected in both plasma and sweat, and 36 were common to both matrices. However, baseline concentrations in each matrix were not correlated and metabolite relative abundances between matrices differed. Oral ibuprofen administration altered sweat lipid mediators, reducing prostaglandin E2, linoleoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide, while increasing 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and causing transient changes in 9-nitrooleate, N -arachidonylglycine and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Meanwhile, plasma N- acylethanolamide concentrations increased with ibuprofen administration. These results suggest that sweat and plasma differentially reflect biochemical changes due to oral ibuprofen administration, and that plasma is unlikely to be the predominant source of the sweat lipid mediator profile.
A Numerical Approach to Predict Fracture in Bio-inspired Composites Using Ultrasonic Waves

Bone is a biomaterial that has high resistance to fracture, but due to osteoporosis bone structure and properties deteriorates, which can lead to high fracture risk. Bio-inspired composites are an effective way to replace bone loss. We study here two bio-inspired composites, one inspired from circumferential lamella and the second from the compact bone properties respectively. The defects in bio-inspired composite materials can be detected using ultrasonic waves. The ultrasonic wave interaction with a medium can lead to information about its microstructure and material properties. To gain a better understanding of wave propagation through bio-inspired composites, ultrasound waves are modeled using the finite element method along with the Newmark’s constant acceleration method to study these composites with and without defects. For the bio-inspired composite based on circumferential lamella, we observe two in-plane energy flux waves. The faster quasi-longitudinal and the slower quasi-shear will deviate from the normal direction depending on the fiber orientation in the composites. The wave interaction with defects in bio-inspired composites will split the ultrasound wave into two components with finite energy peaks. We observe that the distance between these energy peaks of the waves correspond with the size of the defect in the composite. The change in the porosity of the bio-inspired composites causes a decrease in the maximum energy flux and wave speed. We also examine the use of biologically inspired signals, which has a lower relative attenuation with a higher frequency when compared to a typical transducer to study wave propagation in composites. For the cases studied in this paper, the different input signals show no significant difference in the peak-to-peak distance in energy flux after encountering a defect when compared to a sinusoidal signal.
Putting it all Together: The “Hybrid” Approach

The hybrid algorithm for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention provides guidance on selection of the optimal CTO crossing strategy in a stepwise fashion. First, dual injection is performed. Second, four angiographic lesion characteristics are assessed—(1) proximal cap ambiguity, (2) quality of the distal vessel, (3) lesion length, and (4) presence of adequate collateral vessels—allowing adequate crossing strategy selection. Wire escalation is favored for 20 mm long lesions. The antegrade approach is favored when the proximal cap is clear, and the retrograde approach is favored for lesions with an ambiguous proximal cap when appropriate collateral vessels are present. Early change of crossing strategy is recommended if the initially selected crossing strategy is unsuccessful.
Use of Chaff for Wind Measurements

The use of radar-reflecting chaff for making measurements of wind velocity and divergence is discussed. Data are presented to illustrate how the chaff technique can be used in studies of phenomena of various scales.
Assessing Photovoltaic Solar Technologies as a Solution for the Problem of Power Shortage in Iraq

In a developing country like Iraq, where the infrastructure of the electricity public sector (production, transportation, and distribution) has suffered for a long time from the direct effects of successive wars; lack of technocracy; bureaucracy; neglect; massive corruption; and much more, have all contributed to the failure of this sector. Indeed, the electricity sector in Iraq has not been developed for more than forty years; or even properly rehabilitated and/or maintained its facilities, which has led to a huge gap between the demand and supply (demand is double than the supply). It is obvious that the alternative solutions that have been proposed and implemented since 2003 have not become a solution that could fill even a small portion of the gap. In this paper, a proposed solution that seemingly has never been given a chance to be put on the table by both private and public sectors will be discussed. An assessment for photovoltaic solar panels technologies as an effective, viable, and quick solution for the infrastructure and demand problem was conducted using the Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) as a methodology to assess the most efficient, and affordable candidate technologies relevant to all the valid perspectives and criteria.
Benchmarking Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Enhanced Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Resiliency

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are engineered systems seamlessly integrating computational algorithms and physical components. CPS advances offer numerous benefits to domains such as health, transportation, smart homes and manufacturing. Despite these advances, the overall cybersecurity posture of CPS devices remains unclear. In this paper, we provide knowledge on how to improve CPS resiliency by evaluating and comparing the accuracy, and scalability of two popular vulnerability assessment tools, Nessus and OpenVAS. Accuracy and suitability are evaluated with a diverse sample of pre-defined vulnerabilities in Industrial Control Systems (ICS), smart cars, smart home devices, and a smart water system. Scalability is evaluated using a large-scale vulnerability assessment of 1,000 Internet accessible CPS devices found on Shodan, the search engine for the Internet of Things (IoT). Assessment results indicate several CPS devices from major vendors suffer from critical vulnerabilities such as unsupported operating systems, OpenSSH vulnerabilities allowing unauthorized information disclosure, and PHP vulnerabilities susceptible to denial of service attacks.
Quantitative Immunoelectrophoresis/Rocket Method

There are numerous new developments in Immunoelectrophoresis. One of them is the so-called rocket Immunoelectrophoresis, which is a derivative of quantitative radial immunodiffusion, also called the Mancini technique, which is described in Exercise No. 78. It can be used to determine the amount of a certain antigen in any mixture, provided a monospecific antiserum to this antigen is available. While in the Mancini technique the antigen will diffuse out of the wells punched in the antibody-containing gel, in rocket Immunoelectrophoresis, the antigen will be electrophoresed into a similar gel. This migration of the antigen into antibody-containing gel will produce rocket-shaped precipitates. The distance the antigen can reach during this electrophoretic migration out of its well is directly proportional to the amount of antigen present in the sample applied. This procedure was developed by Laurell (1966).
Predictors of Intervention Session Completion in a Randomized Clinical Trial of a Behavioral Cancer Pain Intervention.

Abstract Context Some patients with cancer are able to complete psychosocial pain management intervention sessions, and others find it difficult to do so. Objectives Conduct a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial (N = 178) that compared delivery formats (in-person vs. videoconference) of a pain coping skills training (PCST) intervention for patients with cancer to examine if intervention session completion predicts postintervention outcomes of pain severity and interference, psychological distress, physical well-being, and pain self-efficacy; and identify predictors (i.e., demographics, medical characteristics, baseline outcome scores) of session completion. Methods Session completion (i.e., completing all four sessions vs. missing at least one session) was tested as a predictor of postintervention outcomes. Predictors of session completion were then examined. Results In both study conditions combined, PCST session completion predicted improvement from baseline to postintervention in pain severity (β = −0.27; P = 0.03), pain interference (β = −0.25; P = 0.048), and pain self-efficacy (β = 0.23; P = 0.07). Participants in the videoconference condition were significantly more likely than those in the in-person condition to complete all sessions (83% vs. 65%; P = 0.006). Participants with at least some college education (odds ratio [OR] 4.36; P = 0.04), a diagnosis of breast cancer (OR 6.73; P = 0.04), and higher levels of pain self-efficacy (OR 2.32; P = 0.02) were more likely to complete videoconference sessions. Participants who lived closer to the medical center (OR 0.64; P = 0.07), had early stage cancer (OR 3.82; P = 0.07), and fewer medical comorbidities (OR 0.59; P = 0.04) were more likely to complete in-person sessions. Conclusion Completing PCST sessions is important for improving pain outcomes. Efforts to increase session completion (e.g., videoconference delivery) should be considered.
Glomerular filtration and podocyte tensional homeostasis: importance of the minor type IV collagen network

The minor type IV collagen chain, which is a significant component of the glomerular basement membrane in healthy individuals, is known to assemble into large structures (supercoils) that may contribute to the mechanical stability of the collagen network and the glomerular basement membrane as a whole. The absence of the minor chain, as in Alport syndrome, leads to glomerular capillary demise and eventually to kidney failure. An important consideration in this problem is that the glomerular capillary wall must be strong enough to withstand the filtration pressure and porous enough to permit filtration at reasonable pressures. In this work, we propose a coupled feedback loop driven by filtration demand and tensional homeostasis of the podocytes forming the outer portion of the glomerular capillary wall. Briefly, the deposition of new collagen increases the stiffness of basement membrane, helping to stress shield the podocytes, but the new collagen also decreases the permeability of the basement membrane, requiring an increase in capillary transmural pressure drop to maintain filtration; the resulting increased pressure outweighs the increased glomerular basement membrane stiffness and puts a net greater stress demand on the podocytes. This idea is explored by developing a multiscale simulation of the capillary wall, in which a macroscopic (µm scale) continuum model is connected to a set of microscopic (nm scale) fiber network models representing the collagen network and the podocyte cytoskeleton. The model considers two cases: healthy remodeling, in which the presence of the minor chain allows the collagen volume fraction to be increased by thickening fibers, and Alport syndrome remodeling, in which the absence of the minor chain allows collagen volume fraction to be increased only by adding new fibers to the network. The permeability of the network is calculated based on previous models of flow through a fiber network, and it is updated for different fiber radii and volume fractions. The analysis shows that the minor chain allows a homeostatic balance to be achieved in terms of both filtration and cell tension. Absent the minor chain, there is a fundamental change in the relation between the two effects, and the system becomes unstable. This result suggests that mechanobiological or mechanoregulatory therapies may be possible for Alport syndrome and other minor chain collagen diseases of the kidney.
A 55-Year-Old Woman with Leg and Foot Pain

Asymmetric and rapidly progressive painful sensorimotor disturbances raise concern for vasculitic neuropathy, the most common cause of which is non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSVN). Nerve damage occurs by ischemic injury via mechanisms that differ between each process. The diagnosis is confirmed by history, examination, electrodiagnostic studies, laboratory findings, and likely nerve/muscle biopsy. Treatment is dependent on the underlying cause, and diagnosis is focused on evaluation for systemic vasculitides that can result in significant morbidity. In the case of NSVN, corticosteroids and consideration of other immunosuppressants are necessary to avoid further injury and disability.
Machine learning approaches for predicting household transportation energy use

Abstract This paper presents four modeling techniques for predicting household transportation energy consumption by exploring decision trees, random forest, and neural networks in addition to elastic net regularization analyses. The main objective of this study is to evaluate how effectively these advanced statistical models can be applicable to a Transportation Module (TM) operating within the Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT), a system-based computational platform for urban sustainability evaluation. The Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) travel demand model is used to estimate household transportation energy use based on household trip demand generation, travel mode, fuel type, distance and duration. The Household Travel Survey (HTS) and Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ) drawn from the DVRPC database are used for model training. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms, thanks to their ability to accommodate non-linearity, have significantly higher accuracy in predicting household transportation demand. We show that the Neural Network (NN) model out-performs the decision tree model, predicting transportation energy demand resulting in lower Mean Squared Error and a higher R2. Using a Random Forest analysis for individual variable impact testing, we also demonstrate that the number of households' motorized trips and the travel distance are the most significant predictors of household transportation energy consumption.
Mesoporous carbon aerogel with tunable porosity as the catalyst support for enhanced proton-exchange membrane fuel cell performance

Abstract Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be one of the most promising clean technologies to mitigate climate change, air pollution, and energy crisis. Although PEMFCs have been intensively investigated over the past five decades, the relatively low current density, high cost, and poor durability remain as obstacles to full commercialization. In this study, we present the development and the application of a porosity-tunable carbon aerogel (CA) as an alternative to the carbon support in the PEMFC to overcome its technical barriers. CA demonstrates highly tunable mesopore volume and surface area. The N2 isotherm with non-localized density functional theory analysis shows the optimized CA had extremely high mesopore volume, which was 4.26 times larger than the traditional carbon support (i.e., Vulcan XC-72R). Transmission electron microscopy shows a better catalyst (i.e., platinum nanoparticles) distribution on the CA support. This even distribution of platinum nanoparticles significantly enhances the catalyst utilization of the electrodes in our cyclic voltammetry analysis. It also contributes up to a 713% higher specific power density in our fuel cell testing. The standard accelerated stress tests exhibit that CA has excellent durability compared with the conventional carbon support. Thus, the mesoporous CA provides an efficient and durable alternative to existing carbon material as a catalyst support in PEMFCs.
Age Differences in Media Consumption and Avoidance With Respect to COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Older versus younger adults are at greater risk from COVID-19, but descriptive data show they are less likely to seek out related information in the media, although underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS: A representative adult lifespan sample (N = 500) completed a pre-registered online study assessing changes in media consumption in response to the pandemic, self-reported and behavioral media avoidance, avoidance motives, and demographic, socioemotional, and cognitive covariates. RESULTS: Age was associated with reduced media consumption and higher behavioral media avoidance, but lower self-reported media avoidance and lower endorsement of specific avoidance motives. Age differences in aspects of affect, motivation, and cognition statistically accounted for variations in behavioral avoidance but not for the other age effects. DISCUSSION: Age differences in media use in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are not explained by deliberate avoidance intentions and motives but associated with broader age variations in socioemotional and cognitive functioning.
Efficacy of Online Learning Modules for Teaching Dialogic Reading Strategies and Phonemic Awareness.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to create and evaluate online learning modules designed to teach speech-language pathologists (SLPs) dialogic reading strategies and phonemic awareness skills....
Cryo EM Analysis Reveals Inherent Flexibility of Authentic Murine Papillomavirus Capsids.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant health burden and leading cause of virus-induced cancers. However, studies have been hampered due to restricted tropism that makes production and purification of high titer virus problematic. This issue has been overcome by developing alternative HPV production methods such as virus-like particles (VLPs), which are devoid of a native viral genome. Structural studies have been limited in resolution due to the heterogeneity, fragility, and stability of the VLP capsids. The mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) presented here has provided the opportunity to study a native papillomavirus in the context of a common laboratory animal. Using cryo EM to solve the structure of MmuPV1, we achieved 3.3 A resolution with a local symmetry refinement method that defined smaller, symmetry related subparticles. The resulting high-resolution structure allowed us to build the MmuPV1 asymmetric unit for the first time and identify putative L2 density. We also used our program ISECC to quantify capsid flexibility, which revealed that capsomers move as rigid bodies connected by flexible linkers. The MmuPV1 flexibility was comparable to that of a HPV VLP previously characterized. The resulting MmuPV1 structure is a promising step forward in the study of papillomavirus and will provide a framework for continuing biochemical, genetic, and biophysical research for papillomaviruses.
HPV Knowledge Retention and Concurrent Increase in Vaccination Rates 1.5 Years After a Novel HPV Workshop in Medical School.

Comprehensive education regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) pathogenesis, vaccination, and patient counseling are not routinely included in the medical school curriculum; consequently, student and provider knowledge, especially concerning head and neck pathology, remains low. The objective of this study was to demonstrate long-term retention of HPV knowledge and positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination after attending our novel HPV workshop, with a focus on knowledge of oropharyngeal cancer. A follow-up survey was administered to medical students 1.5 years after the initial completion of the workshop. HPV vaccination records from the student-led clinic were collected from the immunization information system. Awareness that HPV causes oropharyngeal cancer was present in 33% of medical students pre-curriculum; immediate and long-term post-curricular awareness of this association remained at 90% or higher (p < 0.0001). Comfort with HPV counseling, having enough information to recommend the vaccine, and knowledge of HPV malignancies, symptoms, transmission, and vaccination schedule remained persistently elevated over pre-curriculum scores (p < 0.05). Long-term knowledge scores were also higher than a control group of medical students at the same stage of training who had never participated in the workshop (p < 0.05). HPV vaccination rates at the medical school’s student-run clinic also increased after the curriculum, from an average of 1.89 HPV vaccines given per clinic to 3.55 (p = 0.001). This study demonstrates that knowledge and positive attitudes were maintained 1.5 years after participating in this HPV curriculum during students’ preclinical years of medical school. Additionally, an increase in HPV vaccination rates occurred at a student-led clinic, indicating a positive clinical impact on the curriculum.
The language of Nazi genocide : linguistic violence and the struggle of Germans of Jewish ancestry

Introduction 1. 'We are all Germans why then ask for religion ...': cultural identity, language, and Weimar pluralism, 1928-32 2. Towards the 'racial and social boundaries between Germans and Jews are to be strictly drawn ...': dictatorship building and the process of Nazifying language, 1933 3. Towards the eradication of the 'impossible, untenable category of 'German Jews": enforcing and contesting racial difference, 1935-8 4. 'The Jewess' attempted to 'state a case on her decent': linguistic violence as part of genocide, 1941-5 5. 'We are not bad Jews, because we believe we are good and true Germans ...': another beginning and persisting difference, 1945-8 Conclusion Appendix.
Analysis of monitoring of "quarantine of three diseases" among external floating population for a period of 10 years in Nanhui District, Shanghai.

Objectives To understand infectious status of schistosomiasis,malaria and filariasis in external floating population in Nanhui District of Shanghai.Methods The infectious status of schistosomiasis,malaria and fialrasis in external floating population was detected with immune enzyme staining,and immunoassay.Results Totally 54 386 people moved in from outside of Nanhui District were detected and the antibody positive rate was 0.69%,being 0.24% for schistosoma,0.36% for plasmodium and 0.09% for filaria.Conclusion Due to influx of foreign travelers,there is the risk of prevalence of schistosomiasis,filariasis and malaria,thus the quarantine and monitoring of the three infective diseases should be strengthened.
Prologue: History of Cyclopropane Derivatives Before 1916

1 PART I Keywords: cyclopropane derivative history; hydrocarboncyclopropane; trimethylene derivatives; cyclopropanecarboxylic acid; glutaric acid; halogens on trimethylene
CONTI: constant-time contention resolution for WLAN access

Designing an efficient and fair access control protocol is a challenging task in the field of wireless networks. Often in the known schemes, one of the important performance metrics is enhanced at the expense of another. In this paper, we present a distributed access scheme that is based on the binary countdown mechanism. The proposed scheme has two main features: 1) the ability to resolve the contention in a constant number of time slots, hence the name constant-time (CONTI) and 2) a very low collision rate even at large network sizes. The simulation results show that CONTI outperforms the IEEE 802.11 DCF scheme in all the essential performance metrics: CONTI achieves a higher throughput by up to 55%, reduces the collision rate by up to 84%, renders the delay less variant and exhibits high fairness.
The Guerrilla management architecture for ad hoc networks

Ad hoc networks, where mobile nodes communicate via multihop wireless links, facilitate network connectivity without the aid of any pre-existing networking infrastructure. The intrinsic attributes of ad hoc networks, such as dynamic network topology, limited battery supply, constrained wireless bandwidth and quality, and large number of heterogeneous nodes, make network management significantly more challenging than stationary and wireline networks. In particular, the conventional client/server-based manager-agent management paradigm falls short of addressing these issues. We describe the Guerrilla management architecture to facilitate adaptive and autonomous management of ad hoc networks and demonstrate its capability via simulation. Apart from its functionalities, the management capability itself is scalable to accommodate the sheer number and heterogeneity of nodes, autonomous and survivable to adapt to network dynamics, and economical to minimize management overhead.
MAWC Operations for the Growing Book

We describe the conceptual framework for the Growing Book, which is an ever-expanding body of knowledge created by a team of experts, and the basic operations such as Match, Abstract, Weave and Customize, which can be used to extract and organize information from the multi-level, multimedia, multi-lingual book.
Validation of an early childhood caries risk assessment tool in a low-income Hispanic population.

Objectives There is a recognized need for valid risk assessment tools for use by both dental and nondental personnel to identify young children at risk for, or with, precavitated stages of early childhood caries (i.e., early stage decalcifications or white spot lesions).The aim of this study is to establish concurrent criterion validity of “MySmileBuddy” (MSB), a novel technology-assisted ECC risk assessment and behavioral intervention tool against four measures of ECC activity: semi-quantitative assays of salivary mutans streptococci levels, visible quantity of dental plaque, visual evidence of enamel decalcifications, and cavitation status (none, ECC, severe ECC).
Functional Anatomic Studies of Memory Retrieval for Auditory Words and Visual Pictures

Functional neuroimaging with positron emission tomography was used to study brain areas activated during memory retrieval. Subjects (n = 15) recalled items from a recent study episode (episodic memory) during two paired-associate recall tasks. The tasks differed in that PICTURE RECALL required pictorial retrieval, whereas AUDITORY WORD RECALL required word retrieval. Word REPETITION and REST served as two reference tasks. Comparing recall with repetition revealed the following observations. (1) Right anterior prefrontal activation (similar to that seen in several previous experiments), in addition to bilateral frontal-opercular and anterior cingulate activations. (2) An anterior subdivision of medial frontal cortex [pre-supplementary motor area (SMA)] was activated, which could be dissociated from a more posterior area (SMA proper). (3) Parietal areas were activated, including a posterior medial area near precuneus, that could be dissociated from an anterior parietal area that was deactivated. (4) Multiple medial and lateral cerebellar areas were activated. Comparing recall with rest revealed similar activations, except right prefrontal activation was minimal and activations related to motor and auditory demands became apparent (e.g., bilateral motor and temporal cortex). Directly comparing picture recall with auditory word recall revealed few notable activations. Taken together, these findings suggest a pathway that is commonly used during the episodic retrieval of picture and word stimuli under these conditions. Many areas in this pathway overlap with areas previously activated by a different set of retrieval tasks using stem-cued recall, demonstrating their generality. Examination of activations within individual subjects in relation to structural magnetic resonance images provided an-atomic information about the location of these activations. Such data, when combined with the dissociations between functional areas, provide an increasingly detailed picture of the brain pathways involved in episodic retrieval tasks.
The Critical Value of Negative Theology

If metaphysics seems today to have buried its undertakers, then negative theology may soon silence its critics. Having established a significant if sometimes recessive presence in Western theism, negative theology is again an important element in contemporary philosophical theology. While Anglo- American philosophy of religion remains dominated by analytic neoscholasticism, in the last decade a countercurrent has emerged that makes common cause with the apophatic tradition. The Gifford lectures of Stephen R. L. Clark are examples of this development, as are the works of Leszek Kolakowski. Each thinker has attempted to expand discussion beyond the scholastic parameters of the field and make connections with important historical figures who are often neglected in the literature. Neoplatonism has featured prominently this development; as the principal philosophical foundation for apophatic theology in the West, it has been invoked in both its original Greco-Roman guise and its subsequent manifestation within the Abrahamic tradition (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam).
A Simple Volumetric Procedure to Measure Oxygen Uptake of Small Aquatic Animals

Oxygen uptake of Penaeus californiensis was investigated using a closed manometric chamber. This new manometric approach differs from the classical oxygen measurements in aquatic animals in that no oxygen electrodes (polarographic method) or the chemical assay of Winkler are used in the chamber. The gas phase was continuously recirculated through a base solution. This allows removal of the catabolically produced CO2 which would otherwise interfere with the manometric measurement of O2 and at the same time helps to control the pH over long periods of time. Initial results of oxygen uptake at different temperatures by shrimps of different sizes (0.27 to 9.8 g) over long periods of time (120 hr) are presented.
Pharmacologic blockade of non-NMDA receptors at deep prepiriform cortex attenuates heat shock protein expression in global ischemia.

Abstract Deep prepiriform cortex modulates excitatory activity in the limbic system during seizures. We therefore studied a potential role for this system in another process involving excitatory neurotransmission: global ischemia in the rat. The non-NMDA antagonist NBQX was microinjected bilaterally into deep prepiriform cortex prior to 10 min of global ischemia. Hippocampal cell injury was then assessed by heat shock protein (HSP) expression 24 h after ischemia. NBQX significantly decreased the number of HSP positive cells in both CA1 and CA3 hippocampal subsectors, suggesting the possibility that pathways from deep prepiriform cortex to hippocampus modulate excitotoxicity in target neurons during ischemia.
Deuterium Exchange Study for Hydrogenation of D5-1-Pentene (4,4,5,5,5) Over Conventional Cobalt Fischer–Tropsch Catalyst

The hydrogen–deuterium exchange reaction was performed for hydrogenation of D5-1-pentene (4,4,5,5,5) under realistic cobalt Fischer–Tropsch synthesis conditions. In the presence of CO, the added deutero-1-pentene did not show any significant H/D exchange but a step-wise H/D exchange occurs when CO was replaced with N2. The inhibition effects of CO and other FT products on H/D exchange of D5-1-pentene and a pressure dependency effect on H/D exchange are observed.
The effect of FRP thickness on energy absorption of metal-FRP square tubes subjected to axial compressive loading

Abstract Hybrid square tubes made from S2 glass/epoxy composites and 304 stainless steel with different fiber orientation, stacking sequence, and thickness are tested under quasi-static loading. The thickness of composite section is identified as an important parameter that can change the crushing mode of stainless steel tubes and also, in some cases, lower its energy absorption due to change in plastic deformation. In addition, a new triggering design is introduced that can increase the crushing load efficiency (ratio of mean crushing to maximum load) up to 13% compared to a chamfered trigger.
Processing of Preproricin in Transgenic Tobacco

The plant protein toxin ricin has found widespread application as a potential therapeutic agent for many human diseases and in disease-model systems such as those involving apoptosis. Genetic engineering and expression of the complete two-polypeptide chain toxin have only been possible in plants, specifically in transgenic tobacco carrying the preproricin gene under the control the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Production of modified ricin for altered controllable activity and/or fusion therapeutics to target delivery requires knowledge of the heterologous processing that occurs when preproricin is expressed in tobacco. Here, recombinant ricin from transgenic tobacco was purified using lectin affinity chromatography and characterized using various biochemical and biophysical techniques. Coomassie blue staining of an SDS-PAGE gel of lactose-agarose purified material identified predominant proteins of 30 and 35 kDa molecular weight. Western analysis using anti-ricin a- and b-chain antibodies confirmed the expression and purification of recombinant ricin, with identical protein banding profiles to that of authentic castor-bean-derived ricin. High-resolution gel filtration chromatography characterized the lactose binding complex as a 66-kDa native molecular weight protein which could be separated into 30- and 35-kDa proteins upon incubation with the reducing agent dithiothreitol. N-terminal sequencing of the recombinant ricin a-chain revealed that an equimolar ratio of two alternately processed peptides was present, which varied by an additional amino acid derived from the signal peptide. Similar analysis of ricin b-chain again identified two forms of this polypeptide as well; however, full-length ricin b-chain and b-chain missing the first alanine residue were present at 11:1 molar ratios. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing ricin were used to develop a stable cell suspension culture system from callus induced with the growth regulators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. Double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-ricin b-chain antibodies and Western analysis identified soluble ricin in the media of the cultures, indicating that cell cultures provide a safe and simple means to produce properly processed recombinant ricin.