cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Did the Gore Campaign Underemphasize the Economy in 2000?: Comparing Candidate Attention with the Economy from 1960 to 2000

Abstract This research examines whether or not Gore's campaign significantly differed from those of his predecessors to the extent that it underemphasized the economy. This paper is based on an analysis of candidate emphasis of economic issues in presidential campaigns from 1960 to 2000. In addition, the research explores variations in television news media coverage of campaign issues for the last several elections. The paper also examines election 2000 public opinion in order to assess the salience of the economy as an election issue in the public. The analysis here demonstrates that Gore's campaign was commensurate with the campaigns of his predecessors (facing similar economic conditions) in dealing with the economy as an election issue.
Oligosaccharides of human milk: Isolation of a new pentasaccharide, lacto-N-fucopentaose V☆

Abstract A new pentasaccharide, lacto-N-fucopentaose V, with the structure Galβ1-3GlcNacβ1- has been isolated from human milk. Its level is approximately 3 mg/liter. .
Structural relationships of pre-Tertiary rocks in the Nevada Test Site region, southern Nevada

This report summarizes the evidence for a revised interpretation of major structural features in the pre-Tertiary rocks of the region including and surrounding the Nevada Test Site. The thick miogeoclinal section of Late Proterozoic through Lower Permian sedimentary strata records major foreland-vergent thrust faulting, younger hinterland-vergent folding and thrusting, and local extension on low-angle normal faults. In addition, structural discontinuities in the northeastern part of the Nevada Test Site strongly suggest a broad, north-trending zone of sinistral strike-slip faulting that may have had a cumulative offset of many kilometers.
On binary quadratic forms and the Hecke groups

We present a theory of reduction of binary quadratic forms with coefficients in Z[lambda], where lambda is the minimal translation in a Hecke group. We generalize from the modular group Gamma(1) = SL(2,Z) to the Hecke groups and make extensive use of modified negative continued fractions.
Thermal resistance of naturally occurring airborne bacterial spores

Simulation of a heat process used in the terminal dry-heat decontamination of the Viking spacecraft is reported. Naturally occurring airborne bacterial spores were collected on Teflon ribbons in selected spacecraft assembly areas and subsequently subjected to dry heat. Thermal inactivation experiments were conducted at 105, 111.7, 120, 125, 130, and 135 degrees C with a moisture level of 1.2 mg of water per liter. Heat survivors were recovered at temperatures of 135 degrees C when a 30-h heating cycle was employed. Survivors were recovered from all cycles studied and randomly selected for identification. The naturally occurring spore population was reduced an average of 2.2 to 4.4 log cycles from 105 to 135 degrees C. Heating cycles of 5 and 15 h at temperature were compared with the standard 30-h cycle at 111.7, 120, and 125 degrees C. No significant differences in inactivation (alpha = 0.05) were observed between 111.7 and 120 degrees C. The 30-h cycle differs from the 5-and 15-h cycles at 125 degrees C. Thus, the heating cycle can be reduced if a small fraction (about 10-3 to 10-4) of very resistant spores can be tolerated.
Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia for Older Patients

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) represents a remarkable disease in which leukemogenesis is driven by the PML-RARα oncogene and for which targeted treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-based therapy allows substantial chance of cure. APL is seen in a small subset of older patients, with age representing one of the most important prognostic factors for outcome of treatment. Unlike other acute leukemias, the inferior outcomes for APL in older patients relates less to changes in disease biology and more to the increased toxicity of ATRA and the chemotherapy combination regimens used to induce hematologic and molecular responses. Risk-adapted strategies that use less-toxic agents, such as arsenic trioxide, allow treatment of older patients, with greater efficiency and better chances of cure.
Motor myoneural junctions on frog intrafusal muscle fibers

Isolated frog muscle spindles were serially sectioned for electron microscopy, and motor innervation areas were studied for localization, mode of termination, and fine structure. Motor myoneural junctions are located in the polar regions of the muscle spindles, but in this investigation they were found still encapsulated in the spindle sheath and, to some degree, overlapping on sensory regions. The significance of this is discussed. Some differences were found with respect to the mode of termination of the nerve, and the question of dual-type motor endings is discussed. A tight nerve-muscle plasma membrane relationship without interposed basement membrane was found. When end plate regions were prefixed in formaldehyde, an increase in opaque material on the cytoplasmic side of the muscle cell membrane was observed in the junctional fold area. The ultrastructure of different parts of the motor junction was evaluated, indicating a similarity to extrafusal motor junctions. Vesicles containing small opaque granules were observed among the common 400–600 A vesicles. Mitochondria in muscle and Schwann cells appeared to be larger than those in the nerve endings.
The etiology of alcohol-induced breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States, and it is second among cancer deaths in women. Results of most epidemiologic studies, as well as of most experimental studies in animals, have shown that alcohol intake is associated with increased breast cancer risk. Alcohol consumption may cause breast cancer through different mechanisms, including through mutagenesis by acetaldehyde, through perturbation of estrogen metabolism and response, and by inducing oxidative damage and/or by affecting folate and one-carbon metabolism pathways. Alcohol-metabolizing enzymes are present in human breast tissue. Acetaldehyde is a known, although weak, mutagen. However, results of some studies with human subjects implicate this agent in the context of genetic susceptibilities to increased ethanol metabolism. Reactive oxygen species, resulting from ethanol metabolism, may be involved in breast carcinogenesis by causing damage, as well as by generating DNA and protein adducts. Alcohol interferes with estrogen pathways in multiple ways, influencing hormone levels and effects on the estrogen receptors. With regard to one-carbon metabolism, alcohol can negatively affect folate levels, and the folate perturbation affects DNA methylation and DNA synthesis, which is important in carcinogenesis. Some study results indicate that genetic variants of one-carbon metabolism genes might increase alcohol-related breast cancer risk. For all these pathways, genetic polymorphisms might play a role in increasing further a woman's risk for breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to determine the relative importance of these pathways, as well as the modifying influence by genetic variation.
Landsat crop identification for watershed water balance determinations.

Abstract An expedient and accurate method for assessing the effect of intensive agriculture on a watershed water balance is needed, particularly for those areas where well irrigation is prevalent or becoming more so. Digital image processing of Landsat-3 data discriminated major field crops and forests in Tift County, Georgia, necessary for a water use assessment. A water balance model based on a modified Penman relationship was developed to estimate evapotranspiration. The remotely sensed data and local meteorological data were then used in a hydrologic model to predict watershed daily water balance. The simulation was evaluated by comparing model performance with water balance measurements for a 15.5 km2 instrumented agricultural watershed.
A study of fine particulate emissions from combustion of treated pulverized municipal sewage sludge.

Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is formed during wastewater treatment, and its processing and disposal represent one of the most environmentally challenging aspects of the wastewater treating process. One disposal option currently being considered is a process involving heat treatment (to render the sludge biologically inactive) followed by dewatering, drying, pulverizing, and combustion. This research focuses on fine particle emissions from the combustion of dried, treated, MSS, cofired with either natural gas or pulverized Ohio bituminous coal as a supplemental fuel. These fuels were burned at 13 kW in a downflow laboratory combustor designed to replicate time/temperature histories and particle concentrations typical of practical combustion units yet also sufficiently well defined aerodynamically to allow elucidation of mechanisms. Size-segregated particle size distributions were obtained by isokinetic sampling followed by dilution/quenching and passage into a Berner Low-Pressure Impactor. Major and trace...
Metabolism of phosphoramidates IV. A phosphoryl transfer dependent on purine nucleosides

Abstract A soluble enzyme system has been obtained from rat liver which catalyzes the formation of organic phosphates from phosphoramidate and from orthophosphate in the presence of adenosine. Phosphoramidate is the more efficient reagent in this process and 3–10 times the amout of organic phosphate is formed in its presence over that formed from orthophosphate. Phosphoramidase (EC 3.9.1.1), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) and phosphoribomutase are all implicated in the process. The major product is ribose 5-phosphate although other carbohydrate phosphates can also be isolated.
Multi-dimensional Hegselmann-Krause dynamics

We consider multi-dimensional Hegselmann-Krause model for opinion dynamics in discrete-time for a set of homogeneous agents. Using dynamic system point of view, we investigate stability properties of the dynamics and show its finite time convergence. The novelty of this work lies in the use of dynamic system approach and the development of Lyapunov-type tools for the analysis of the Hegselmann-Krause model. Furthermore, some new insights and results are provided. The results are valid for any norm that is used to define the neighbor sets.
Pre- and post-planned evaluations are complements not alternatives: A reply to Strasser and Deniston

Abstract Strasser and Deniston's own analysis shows that post-planned evaluations are unsuitable substitutes for pre-planned evaluations. When viewed as post-experimental interviews, however, post-planned evaluations can produce valuable information which complements traditional experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations.
Development of a sequential extraction method for different forms of phosphorus in marine sediments

A sequential extraction method (SEDEX) has been developed to separately quantify five sedimentary P reservoirs: loosely sorbed P; ferric iron-bound P; authigenic carbonate fluorapatite + biogenic apatite + CaCO3-associated P; detrital apatite P; and organic P. The SEDEX method successfully separates two of the main categories of authigenic phosphate phases called upon most often as sedimentary sinks for diagenetically mobilized P: ferric oxyhydroxide-associated P and authigenic carbonate fluorapatite (CFAP). It offers a means for separating authigenic CFAP from detrital apatite of igneous or metamorphic origin. The importance of this distinction is that CFAP represents an oceanic sink for reactive P, whereas detrital apatite does not. In addition, a means for reversing secondary adsorption of P onto residual solid surfaces during extraction has been developed. Extensive standardization of the SEDEX method for application to marine sediments has been performed with analogs for naturally occurring phosphatic phases.
Capture ELISA and flow cytometry methods for toxicologic assessment following immunization and cyclophosphamide challenges in beagles.

Abstract The purpose of this subacute 22-day study was to evaluate methods for canine circulating immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, and IgE) and select B- and T-lymphocyte populations (CD4-helpers, CD8-suppressors, pan-T and pan-B) for immunotoxicity testing using an organ system (concordance) approach. The challenge substance for immunoglobulin testing was repeated immunization with six-way distemper vaccination (DHLAPP), while the challenge substance for leukocyte subpopulations was treatment with cyclophosphamide. Immunoglobulin measurements were made by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and leukocyte immunophenotyping by fluorescein isothiocyanate/phycoerythrin conjugation (flow cytometry). A battery of parameters that would be used in a typical regulatory study were taken to aid interpretation of the data generated by these methods. Body weights, food consumption, clinical observations, complete clinical chemistry and urinalysis measurements were taken. Gross pathology and micropathology of sternal bone marrow, spleen, mesenteric and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, thymus, liver and kidney were completed. The ELISA method demonstrated acceptable intra-assay reproducibility for IgM, IgG and IgE, with values in good agreement as reported for radial immunodiffusion. The immunologic challenge demonstrated a biological trend of an increase in IgM that preceded an increase in IgG with no discernible trend in IgE response, and no abnormalities in lymphocyte subpopulations. Principle flow cytometry findings related to cyclophosphamide were that the relative percent of B cells decreased dramatically and progressively after compound administration; being statistically decreased in males on day 22 compared with day −5. The relative percent CD4 and CD8 contribution increased, but the CD4/CD8 ratio remained relatively unchanged as total white blood cells decreased progressively. The increase in relative percent CD4 (males only) was statistically significant according to a two-sample t -test on days 17, 20 and 22 when compared with the pre-treatment day −5. There was a relative percent increase in CD5-panT, but absolute numbers were dramatically decreased. We conclude that an organ system approach to assessment of the immune system which incorporates humoral antibody, enumeration of lymphocyte populations and pathologic evaluation of the lymphoreticular organs assists in the interpretation of an adverse toxicological response. The ELISA method for measurement of Igs detected the expected levels of IgG, IgM and IgE due to repeated vaccinations and to cyclophosphamide treatment. The flow cytometry method was acceptable for measuring select canine lymphocyte populations and detecting the expected decrease in B cells due to cyclophosphamide treatment. Both methods may be added to a testing battery for assessing immunotoxicity in canine regulatory studies.
Hydrogeologic heterogeneity of faulted and fractured Glass Mountain bedded tuffaceous sediments and ash-fall deposits: The Crucifix site near Bishop, California

Lithologic, macrostructural, microstructural, geophysical, and in situ gas permeability data from a natural exposure of highly porous, faulted and fractured tuffaceous sediments and interbedded ash-fall deposits near Bishop, California, are presented and analyzed in relation to published geologic information. This natural analog study was motivated by the need to evaluate potential length scales over which lateral flow diversion might occur above and within the nonwelded Paintbrush Tuff at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Lateral diversion of flow in the overlying Paintbrush Tuff was previously proposed by others as a natural barrier that might protect a proposed high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel repository from percolating water. Because the length scale for capillary barrier breakthrough and leakage is decreased in the presence of subvertical structural heterogeneities, we characterized a horst-bounding fault, small-displacement normal faults within a footwall deformation zone, and secondary heterogeneities within two beds dissected by the faults. Critical deformation-related features that may influence fluid flow within bedded tuffaceous sediments include (1) permeability anisotropy imposed by steeply dipping faults and stratigraphic layering; (2) fault zone widths and styles, which are dependent on bed thickness and ash, glass, and clay content; and (3) fracture intensities and overprinting mechanisms (associated with fault deformation and vertical and nonvertical fracture orientations), which strongly influence the hydrogeologic heterogeneity of units they dissect. Microstructural analysis reveals structurally induced porosity variations at the micrometer to millimeter scale, gas permeability data show the influence of deformation on permeability at the centimeter to tens of centimeters scale, and resistivity and ground-penetrating radar data show lateral variations on the meter to tens of meters scale in horizontally bedded layers. All together, these observations and data show heterogeneity over seven orders of magnitude of length scale. Structurally enhanced porosity and permeability heterogeneities will tend to limit the length scale of lateral flow diversion, redirect flow downward, and enhance vertical fluid movement within the vadose zone.
A combined experimental–numerical study of the compaction behavior of NaCl

Abstract The compaction behavior of NaCl as a model substance is investigated by an integrated experimental and computational approach. The method for characterization of this granular material employs convenient experiments: load–displacement measurements of compaction; measurements of strain on outer circumference of an elastic tubular die; load on bottom and top of the powder compact, as well as compressive strength tests. Related equations for identification of material parameters are derived and are used to characterize powder behavior and powder–die friction. Subsequently, these material parameters are used in simulations with the Drucker–Prager-Cap (DPC) model. For the verification of the computations density distributions are determined based on micro X-ray computer tomography. Good agreement between the spatial density distributions from measurements and simulations is obtained. Restrictions of computer tomography in powder compaction applications are specified. While the study employs NaCl as a model substance, the approach is applicable to a wider array of granular substances.
A survey of communication technology in distribution network

With the development of the smart grid technology, power distribution network puts forward a higher request for transmission bandwidth and reliability. First, we analyze the characteristics and the business needs of the distribution network. Then we analyze the distribution network communication technologies, both wired and wireless. Based on our analysis, we should combine various communication technologies according to the comprehensive economic and technical indexes in power distribution automation communication system.
Invariance of the strict Hurwitz property for bivariate polynomials under coefficient perturbations

A result is given that enables one to determine the interval within which the coefficients of a real bivariate polynomial might be allowed to vary, centered around their respective nominal values, so that the strict Hurwitz property remains invariant. These results are suitable for generalization to multivariate polynomials with complex coefficients. Applications can be found in branches of network and control theory concerned with robust stability analysis. Such analysis should be of interest because of the established role of multivariate realizability theory in systems research and also because of the increasing importance that is being attached to the design of multidimensional feedback control systems. >
Statistical Approaches to Quality Assessment for Image Restoration

In this paper, we propose two novel (non- parametric) statistical measures of image and video quality. Both of these are based on the fundamental notion of singular value decomposition, applied to local pixel and higher order information derived from the data. These methods enable measurement of similarity between images, and the measurement of image quality without a reference. A possible derivative application of the latter statistical measure is to optimize parameters of the relevant restoration algorithms being applied.
Assisted reproductive technologies do not alter mutation frequency or spectrum

Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have now contributed to the birth of >3 million babies worldwide, but concerns remain regarding the safety of these methods. We have used a transgenic mouse model to examine the effects of ARTs on the frequency and spectrum of point mutations in midgestation mouse fetuses produced by either natural reproduction or various methods of ART, including preimplantation culture, embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and round spermatid injection. Our results show that there is no significant difference in the frequency or spectrum of de novo point mutations found in naturally conceived fetuses and fetuses produced by in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or round spermatid injection. These results, based on analyses of a transgenic mouse system, indicate that with respect to maintenance of genetic integrity, ARTs appear to be safe.
An investigation of low biofouling copper-charged membranes for desalination

Abstract The goal of this project was to develop low-biofouling membranes through the functionalization of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes with metal chelating ligands charged with biocidal metal ions, i.e. copper ions. To this end, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), 1 an epoxy, was used to attach a chelating agent, iminodiacetic acid (IDA), 2 to facilitate the charging of copper to the membrane surface. CA and copper charged membranes were characterized chemically and structurally. The permeation experiments were conducted with DI water and then subjected to protein rejection measurements. The permeation of the copper-charged membranes was initially lower than the cellulose acetate membrane during the filtration of DI water. The membranes were then subjected to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lipase filtration. The copper charged membrane showed higher permeation values of both proteins as compared to CA membranes. This resulted from an increased resistance from the IDA and copper on the surface during DI water filtration, and later, from reduced fouling from both proteins. The rejection of BSA and lipase was the same for both the copper charged and CA membranes. Therefore, the modified membranes have a potential to be used as low-biofouling membranes in the future.
Testosterone replacement does not normalize carcass composition in chronically decerebrate male rats

Chronically decerebrate (CD) rats, in which the forebrain and its descending projections are completely neurally isolated from hindbrain and rostral projections, gain substantial amounts of body fat, lose lean tissue, and have low circulating testosterone concentrations. We tested whether testosterone replacement would normalize body composition of male CD rats. Five groups of rats were used: CD placebo, CD testosterone, control placebo, castrate placebo, and castrate testosterone. Testosterone replacement was initiated at the first stage of CD surgery in both CDs and castrate controls. The second stage of CD surgery occurred 8 days later, and the study ended 15 days later. Testosterone implants produced 10-fold normal circulating concentrations. Food intake was fixed for all rats by tube feeding. CD rats had substantially more body fat and less lean tissue than neurally intact rats. Testosterone replacement did not affect adiposity of CD rats but did increase carcass water content. Energy expenditure of CD rats was significantly lower than that of control placebo and castrated rats. Testosterone lowered respiratory equivalency ratio and ameliorated a fall in energy expenditure late in the intermeal interval in CD rats. Castration increased, and testosterone decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in neurally intact controls. LH was undetectable, and FSH was equivalent to neurally intact controls in CD rats, and neither was affected by testosterone. Collectively, low testosterone did not explain obesity or decreased lean body mass of CD rats, although CD rats exhibited abnormal levels of circulating reproductive hormones and disrupted testosterone negative feedback.
An effect of DMSO on post-irradiation saccharin avoidance in mice.

Ein Dimethylsulfoxyd (DMSO)-Effekt wird beschrieben: bei Nachbestrahlung vermeiden Mause Sodium-Saccharin. Mit DMSO vorbehandelte Tiere (Eintauchen der Schwanze in diese Substanz kurz vor Bestrahlung) bevorzugen wie unbehandelte Mause Saccharin-Sodium.
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2008

Abstract The 2008 Atlantic hurricane season is summarized and the year’s tropical cyclones are described. Sixteen named storms formed in 2008. Of these, eight became hurricanes with five of them strengthening into major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale). There was also one tropical depression that did not attain tropical storm strength. These totals are above the long-term means of 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. The 2008 Atlantic basin tropical cyclones produced significant impacts from the Greater Antilles to the Turks and Caicos Islands as well as along portions of the U.S. Gulf Coast. Hurricanes Gustav, Ike, and Paloma hit Cuba, as did Tropical Storm Fay. Haiti was hit by Gustav and adversely affected by heavy rains from Fay, Ike, and Hanna. Paloma struck the Cayman Islands as a major hurricane, while Omar was a major hurricane when it passed near the northern Leeward Islands. Six consecutive cyclones hit the United States, including Hurrica...
Potassium cyanide protects Escherichia coli from complement killing by the inhibition of C3 convertase activity

The exact mechanism by which deposited C5b-9 complexes kill Gram-negative bacteria is unclear. It has been proposed that during complement activation the membrane attack complex triggers an energy dependent process in Gram-negative bacteria that mediates destruction of the inner membrane. This observation in part resulted from the survival of Gram-negative bacteria that were incubated with an uncoupler (DNP) or an inhibitor (KCN) of oxidative phosphorylation during complement activation. In a reexamination of this issue we employed potassium cyanide (KCN) to block energy dependent pathways and observed a dose dependent inhibition of C9 uptake on E. coli J5 during serum incubation, suggesting that cyanide was interfering with complement activation. To verify the effect on complement activation we chose specifically to study the effects of KCN on the C3 convertase of the classical pathway. Sensitized sheep erythrocytes were employed as our model system. This system allowed us to construct a series of stable intermediates that were used to test the effect of cyanide on the formation and activity of precursors of the classical pathway C3 convertase. The data illustrate that the concentrations of potassium cyanide that inhibit complement killing of J5 also inhibit C3 convertase activity on sensitized sheep erythrocytes. The results of this study refute the principal observation made by other investigators, that potassium cyanide protects bacteria from complement killing by inhibiting bacterial energy dependent pathways that spark inner membrane destruction. A better scenario is that the organisms survive because cyanide inhibits complement activation.
The time course of conceptual processing in three bilingual populations

Abstract A response signal, speed–accuracy tradeoff (SAT) variant of a same–different category task was used to examine how experience affects the speed and accuracy of retrieving conceptual information in first (L1) and second (L2) languages. Conceptual retrieval was evaluated in three bilingual groups: 10 balanced bilinguals with equal proficiency in Russian (L1) and English (L2); 9 Russian-dominant bilinguals who were less than fully proficient in English (L2); and 7 English-dominant bilinguals for whom English (L2) had become their primary language. Retrieval speed and accuracy was measured for L1 and L2 translation pairs and same- or different-category pairs within and across languages. For all bilinguals, translation pairs engendered higher accuracy and faster retrieval speeds than other conditions, and judgments of same-language category pairs were more accurate than different-language pairs. No differences in speed or accuracy were found for L1 and L2 same-language pairs for the balanced group, indicating that conceptual retrieval was equally proficient in L1 and L2. However, retrieval speed was slower and less accurate for same- and different-language pairs with items from the nondominant language for both unbalanced groups. Slower retrieval speeds are argued to result from a mediational process in which the dominant language provides access to conceptual information whenever mappings in the nondominant language cannot sustain direct retrieval of conceptual information.
Luna 16 - Some Li, K, Rb, Sr, Ba, rare-earth, Zr, and Hf concentrations.

Concentrations of Li, K, Rb, Sr, Na, rare-earths, Zr and Hf have been determined for some Luna 16 core materials by mass-spectrometric isotope-dilution. Two regolith fines samples from different depths in the core, and four rock-chips, including both igneous rocks and breccias, have similar trace-element concentrations. The Luna 16 materials have general lunar trace-element characteristics but differ from other returned lunar samples in a manner that suggests the presence of excess feldspar. Unless the Luna 16 igneous rocks are fused soils, they appear to represent either partial plagioclase cumulates or the least differentiated igneous material yet returned from the moon. The similarity in trace-element concentrations of the igneous rocks and the fines would then suggest largely local derivation of the Luna 16 regolith.
Osmotic stress increases cullin-5 (cul-5) mRNA in the rat cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and kidney

Cullin-5 (cul-5), a member of the cullin gene family, may have a role in proteolysis and cell cycle regulation. Our recent study demonstrated that cul-5 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system and many peripheral organs. The present study used quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction to measure changes in cul-5 mRNA expression as a consequence of osmotic stress in vivo. Cul-5 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the rat cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and kidney following 48 h of water deprivation. Water deprivation for a shorter time period (24 h) or rehydration (24 h access to water following 48 h of water deprivation) also elevated kidney cul-5 mRNA levels. Water deprivation did not significantly alter cul-5 mRNA levels in the brainstem, cerebellum, hippocampus, lung or liver. Since cul-5 appears to be linked to proteosome-mediated protein degradation, it may have a role in protein regulation under conditions of osmotic stress.
Supersensitivity to apomorphine and stress two years after chronic methadone treatment

Abstract A rhesus monkey which had been withdrawn from oral methadone 26 months previously, and a control monkey, were challenged with the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine. The former-methadone monkey exhibited an intense and prolonged oral dyskinesia, whereas the control monkey showed milder limb movements. The former-methadone monkey's dyskin- esia was reinstated by the stress of being returned to the test cage 24 and 48 hr. later, but the control monkey did not react to this treatment. These results suggest a long-lasting supersensitivity of the striatal dopamine system induced by methadone.
Domain of validity of the equation for total integrated scatter (TIS)

The analytical expression for total integrated scatter (defined as diffuse reflectance divided by total reflectance) has been around for almost six decades TIS = 1 - exp [ -(4π cosθ i σ/λ) 2 ] . Most surface scatter analysts now realize that the expression is ambiguous unless spatial frequency band-limits are specified for the rms roughness, σ, in the expression. However, there still exists uncertainty about the domain of validity of the expression with regard to both surface characteristics and incident angle. In this paper we will quantitatively illustrate this domain of validity for both Gaussian and fractal one-dimensional surfaces as determined by the rigorous integral equation method (method of moments) of electromagnetic theory. Two dimensional error maps will be used to illustrate the domain of validity as a function of surface characteristics and incident angle. Graphical illustrations comparing the TIS predictions of several approximate surface scatter theories will also be presented.
Aryl Hydroxylation from a Mononuclear Copper-Hydroperoxo Species

Mononuclear CuII−-OOH entities or derived species have been seriously considered as important in chemical or biochemical oxidations. Yet, synthetic chemistry investigations have thus far revealed they have very limited substrate reactivity. Here, a significant aryl hydroxylation reaction occurs from a hydroperoxocopper(II) complex possessing a tripodal tetradentate ligand with appended aryl substituent. A phenolate-Cu(II) complex is detected following a proposed O−O cleavage event, that is suggested on the basis of precedent from non-heme iron chemistry. A bis-μ-oxo-dicopper(III) complex as active oxygenating agent is ruled out.
Management strategies for the difficult paediatric airway

Airway problems remain a leading cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality in children. Proficiency and expertise in airway management are, therefore, key elements for the safe conduct of anaesthesia in children. Clear strategies must be in place to successfully manage children with a normal, acutely impaired and expected difficult airway. Simple, forward only, easy to memorize and practice algorithms are essential in daily practice in preparation for the unexpected difficult paediatric airway. The child with the acutely impaired normal airway and known difficult airway is the domain of the experienced anaesthesiologist in an appropriately staffed and equipped paediatric setting. The following review describes current concepts and developments in the management of the difficult paediatric airway.
Stable transfection of MDCK cells with epitope-tagged human PepT1.

Purpose. Establish and characterize a MDCK cell line that stably expressed PepT1. Methods. MDCK cells stably transfected with N-terminal HA-tagged hPepT1 were examined by immunostaining using antibodies to HA and hPepT1. HA-hPepT1 expression was verified by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting from cell lysates. The function of the expressed HA-hPepT1 was evaluated by glycyl-sarcosine uptake. The half-life of PepT1 on the cell surface was measured by biotinylation and chase-labeling of the cells, followed by immunoprecipitation with the anti-PepT1 antibody and blotting with HRP-streptavidin. Results. Immunolabeling with antibodies to HA and PepT1 showed fluorescence colocalization. Immunoprecipitation with the anti-HA antibody and Western blotting with the anti-PepT1 antibody showed a broad 90-105 kDa band, and vice versa when the antibodies were utilized in the reverse order. Glycyl-sarcosine uptake was increased in the stably transfected cells by 2-5 fold over untransfected control cells. The Km value of 375 μM accurately reflected the characteristic low affinity of PepT1. Finally, the half-life of the surface biotinylated HA-hPepT1 was measured to be 22 hrs. Conclusions. A MDCK cell line stably expressed intact and functional HA-tagged hPepT1 on its cell surface. This cell line represents an alternative to the use of Caco-2 cells to evaluate PepT1 function.
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The authors critically review the literature describing the varied neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Factors that have complicated the identification and treatment of affective, behavioral, and cognitive disturbances in these patents are identified, and the utility of various diagnostic interventions is examined. Finally, the authors outline the role of the consultation-liaison psychiatrist in the clinical management of the SLE patient with neuropsychiatric disturbances.
Large-scale correlated electronic structure calculations: the RI-MP2 method on parallel computers

The approximate ‘resolution of the identity’ second-order many-body perturbation theory method (RI-MP2) recently introduced by Feyereisen, Fitzgerald and Komornicki utilizes a combination of two- and three-center integrals to approximate the usual four-center two-electron repulsion integrals. Like the exact MP2, the overall cost of the RI-MP2 method scales with the fifth power of the number of basis functions, however the balance of the work shifts in such a way as to make the RI-MP2 method particularly well suited for implementation on massively parallel computers. We describe such an implementation and examine its parallel performance for several chemical systems. We are able to accurately reproduce the exact MP2 binding energy of K+ to 12-crown-4 ether in roughly 5% of the time.
Classical automorphic forms and hypergeometric functions

We exhibit a graded algebra of hypergeometric functions and show how to canonically identify it with the graded algebra of modular forms for the full modular group SL2(Z). We also show how Dedekind's eta function is related to the square root of a hypergeometric function and give yet another simple proof of its functional equation. The methods permit the simple translation of integrals of modular forms (e.g., Mellin transforms and special values of associated Dirichlet series) into integrals of hypergeometric functions where the theory of these classical special functions can be brought to bear. As an example, we express the Mellin transform of an Eisenstein series (which involves Riemann's zeta function) in terms of hypergeometric functions.
Katalytisched methode zur bestimmung kleinster manganmengen in lebensmitteln am beispiel der milch

Es wurde eine colorimetrische Methode entwickelt, die eine quantitative Erfassung von Mangan im Bereich von 0,02–5 μg gestattet. Das Verfahren ist fur Reihenbestimmungen geeignet und wird in der hier vorgeschlagenen Form durch die Bestandteile der Milch nicht gestort.
Towards a science of parallel programming

How do we give parallel programming a more scientific foundation? In this talk, I will discuss the approach we are taking in the Galois project.
Theoretical studies of CO2(H2O)20,24,28 clusters: stabilization of cages in hydrates by CO2 guest molecules

Abstract Theoretical studies on dodecahedral (20-mer), tetrakaidecahedral (24-mer) and hexakaidecahedral (28-mer) water clusters containing CO2 guest molecules are carried out by optimizing geometry at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level with 6-31G* basis set followed by single point energy calculations with 6-311++G** basis set and applying the Becke-3-parameter density functional theory (DFT) and Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional (B3LYP). While the filled tetrakaidecahedral and hexakaidecahedral cage clusters are stabilized by 7.79 and 3.42 kcal/mol, respectively (relative to unfilled cage and separated CO2 molecule, SEC), the filled dodecahedral cage shows no such stabilization. The largest SEC value for tetrakaidecahedral cluster, resulting from two H-bonds between the guest and the host, explains the dominance of CO2-filled tetrakaidecahedral structures in hydrates.
Ethnic Identity: The Domain of Perceptions of and Attachment to Ethnic Groups and Cultures

This article integrates empirical findings from research in two cultural groups in the United States: Chicanos and Appalachians. Factor analysis of survey data concerning ethnicity gathered in the two groups produced similar factor patterns indicating three general dimensions of ethnicity: ethnic culture, ethnic group membership, and ethnic identity. Ethnic culture is the component of ethnicity that refers to the pattern of behaviors and beliefs that sets a group apart from others. Ethnic group membership refers to the network of people with whom an individual is in contact, and the ethnic affiliation of those people and the groups they form. Ethnic identity encompasses the perceptions of and personal affiliation with ethnic groups and cultures. Specifically, ethnic identity consists of: the perception of differences among ethnic groups; the feelings of attachment to and pride in one ethnic group and cultural heritage as opposed to others; and, at least where there are perceived physical differences betwe...
The Effects of an LD Student's Treatment Choice on Handwriting Performance

An 11-year-old LD boy was taught two different strategies, both of which markedly improved his handwriting performance on a paragraph-copying task. The first strategy involved a review of typical rules just prior to copying the paragraph. The rules included reminders about punctuation, staying on the line, and the correct proportioning of letters. The second strategy involved circling quality work on the paper immediately following the handwriting task. Results for the first 72 days of the 81-day study indicated that allowing the student his choice of strategies produced better performance than did teacher-determined choices.
Morphological regularization neural networks

Abstract In this paper we establish a relationship between regularization theory and morphological shared-weight neural networks (MSNN). We show that a certain class of morphological shared-weight neural networks with no hidden units can be viewed as regularization neural networks. This relationship is established by showing that this class of MSNNs are solutions of regularization problems. This requires deriving the Fourier transforms of the min and max operators. The Fourier transforms of min and max operators are derived using generalized functions because they are only defined in that sense.
Accessibility of iMHere Smartphone Apps for Self-Care

As the smartphone becomes ubiquitous, mobile health (mHealth) is a viable technology to empower patients to engage in preventive self-care. An innovative mHealth system called iMHere has been developed at the University of Pittsburgh to support self-care and adherence to self-care regimens for patients with spina bifida and other complex conditions who are vulnerable to secondary complications, including urinary tract infections (UTIs) and skin breakdown. The goal of this study was to explore the accessibility of iMHere apps. Six participants with spina bifida were asked to perform tasks in a lab environment. Though all of the participants were satisfied with the iMHere apps and would use them again in the future, their needs and preferences to access and use iMHere apps are slightly different from one another. Personalization that provides the ability for a participant to modify the appearance of content, such as the size of the icons and the color of text, could be an ideal solution to address the potential issues and barriers to accessibility. The importance of personalization for accessibility and potential strategies to approach personalization for mHealth app developers are discussed.
M-side electron transfer in reaction center mutants with a lysine near the nonphotoactive bacteriochlorophyll.

We report the primary charge separation events in a series of Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers (RCs) that have been genetically modified to contain a lysine near the bacteriochlorophyll molecule, BChlM, on the nonphotoactive M-side of the RC. Using wild type and previously constructed mutants as templates, we substituted Lys for the native Ser residue at position 178 on the L polypeptide to make the S(L178)K single mutant, the S(L178)K/G(M201)D and S(L178)K/L(M212)H double mutants, and the S(L178)K/G(M201)D/L(M212)H triple mutant. In the triple mutant, the decay of the photoexcited primary electron donor (P*) occurs with a time constant of 15 ps and is accompanied by 15% return to the ground state, 62% electron transfer to the L-side bacteriopheophytin, BPhL, and 23% electron transfer to the M-side analogue, BPhM. The data supporting electron transfer to the M-side include bleaching of the QX band of BPhM at 528 nm and a spectrally and kinetically resolved anion band with a maximum at 640 nm assign...
The structure of deuterium in vycor

Neutron diffraction studies of normal deuterium in porous vycor glass have been carried out at temperatures in the range 4 to 20 K as a function of pore filling. For pore fillings, f, above f = 0.6 we find that the D2 in the pores forms a crystalline solid with a large amorphous component. The appearance of the crystalline phase is characterized by supercooling and hysteresis of the liquid-solid transition in agreement with previous thermodynamic studies. The crystalline phase has a structure which is different from the bulk and exhibits a large correlation length. Pore fillings below f = 0.6 show no sign of crystalline ordering, although enhanced short range ordering is observed.
Between-ovary interaction in the regulation of follicle growth, corpus luteum function, and gonadotropin secretion in the primate ovarian cycle. I. Effects of follicle cautery and hemiovariectomy during the follicular phase in cynomolgus monkeys.

To examine the role of between-ovary interaction in the regulation of folliculogenesis in the primate ovarian cycle, the active corpus luteum was ablated on days 16–19 to interrupt the menstrual cycle, and one ovary was removed concurrently to restrict the locus of new follicle growth. Ablation of the corpus luteum, alone or along with the ipsi- or contralateral ovary, elicited stereotypical responses; the cycle in progress was terminated and the next preovulatory gonadotropin surges occurred about 2 weeks after luteectomy. Ablation of the contralateral ovary alone had no manifest effect. The findings indicate that 1) in cynomolgus monkeys, as in rhesus, since luteectomy advanced the next ovulation, follicle growth was arrested in the presence of the active corpus luteum and resumed soon after its extirpation; 2) the time course of new follicle growth culminating in ovulation after luteectomy was not affected by the concurrent removal of one ovary or the concomitant restriction of the locus of new follicl...
Fractionation of beef cattle waste after methane fermentation: Chemical studies on the fractions

Nielsen, H.C. and Wall, J.S., 1986. Fractionation of beef cattle waste after methane fermentation: chemical studies on the fractions. Energy Agric., 5: 73-79. Anaerobic fermentation can convert 40% of the organic solids in beef cattle waste to carbon dioxide and methane. After such fermentation, 56% of the solids in the ef­ fluent could be isolated by filtration on a 60-mesh screen. On a dry basis this fibrous material contained 3.17% nitrogen and 13.2% ash. Centrifugation of the remaining filtrate at 1500 g yielded a further 25% solids, which contained 5.15% nitrogen and 26.1% ash. The two solid fractions were quite similar to fiber and cell fractions previous­ ly isolated from unfermented cattle waste. The remaining clear, dark brown supernatant represented one-fifth of the original system solids but contained only 2% total solids. On a dry basis the supernatant contained 5.55% nitrogen and 28.6% ash. Attempts to i' olate solids from this supernatant by heat coagulation, dialysis, and ultrafiltration were not successful. All of the fractions had similar amino acid compositions with good amounts of essential amino acids. From 23 to 38% of the nitrogen in all fractions was ammonia.