cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deuterium retention and release from molybdenum exposed to a Penning discharge

Abstract Both molybdenum and tungsten are candidate materials for plasma-facing applications in fusion reactors. While tungsten has a higher melting point and a higher threshold for sputtering, it is a brittle material that is difficult to machine into shapes required for fusion applications. For this reason, molybdenum is now receiving serious consideration as an alternative for tungsten. If molybdenum is to be used as a plasma-facing material, the hydrogen retention and recycling characteristics must be known. In this report, we present experimental results on deuterium retention in molybdenum after exposure to a Penning discharge at temperatures from 573 to 773 K. D 2 + ions with energies of 1.2 keV were implanted into the 50 mm diameter molybdenum samples at fluxes of 1020 D/m2 s. Thermal desorption spectroscopy was used to determine both the amount of retained deuterium and the release kinetics. Low retention values similar to those measured previously for tungsten were observed.
Immunity to mastitis. A review.

Several reviews of early studies of immunity to mastitis have been compiled, but lack of controlled experiments and adequate identification of antigens used in vaccination tend to make these first reports of only historical interest. To comprehend the problems and difficulties involved in at taining an immune state in the bovine against the various forms of mastitis, the following factors should be understood:
Effects of Air and Freeze Drying on Phytochemical Content of Conventional and Organic Berries

U.S. sales of organic products continue to climb due to consumer perception of both environmental and health benefits of organic produce. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of air and freeze drying and blanching treatment prior to air drying on phytochemical content of conventional and organic red raspberries and blueberries. Total anthocyanins and phenolics contents and total antioxidant activity were determined in two cultivars of blueberry (‘Duke’ and ‘Reka’) and in ‘Meeker’ red raspberry harvested under two different techniques (hand and machine). The phytochemical content was determined after subjecting the berries to air and freeze drying with or without blanching pretreatment. In general, no consistent differences were noted between the phytochemical concentrations in fresh conventional and organic berries. The effect of drying on the retention of phytochemicals depended on drying technique, cultivar, and production system (conventional or organic). Blanching prior to air dry...
Structural Effects of TV Coverage on Political Agendas

Techniques of presenting a news story can differentially affect perceptions of the event's importance.
Interleukin-1 inhibits the induction of insulin-like growth factor-I by growth hormone in CWSV-1 hepatocytes.

Sepsis results in hepatic “growth hormone (GH) resistance” with reductions in plasma IGF-I despite a two- to fourfold increase in circulating GH. In this study, we examine the effects of IL-1 on GH...
The termination of auricular fibrillation in dogs with procaine amide hydrochloride.

Abstract Meek, Hathaway, and Orth demonstrated that small amounts of intravenous epinephrine may cause a ventricular fibrillation in dogs given cyclopropane. 1 Burstein and associates, by utilizing this method of investigation, established the effectiveness of procaine and its derivatives, both intravenously and topically, in the termination and prevention of epinephrine-induced ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia. 2,3 In the human being there are several reports on the successful treatment of the ventricular arrhythmias with procaine and its derivatives when used both orally and intravenously. 4–7 These early investigators stressed that the procaines were ineffectual in the therapy of arrhythmias of auricular origin. However, Schaffer and associates have shown that procaine will slow the "F" waves in auricular flutter and that procaine amide will terminate the auricular arrhythmias in the human being. 8,9 Burstein reported one case of auricular tachycardia and one of atrioventricular nodal tachycardia occurring during cardiac surgery which he believed were reverted to normal sinus rhythm by the intravenous injection of procaine. 4 Beck and Mautz were able to terminate auricular fibrillation by applying procaine directly to the auricles. 10 Rosenberg and co-workers have shown that ethylaminoethanol, a metabolized product of procaine, is more effective and less toxic in the treatment of the ventricular arrhythmias although larger doses are required. 5 It is the purpose of this communication to demonstrate the successful termination of drug-induced auricular fibrillation in dogs by both the intravenous injection and local topical application of p -amino-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl) benzamide hydrochloride. ∗ ∗Pronestyl was kindly supplied by Dr. L. B. Hobson of E. R. Squibb & Sons, New York, N. Y.
Alkalin titrations of human somatotropin, human choriomammotropin and ovine prolactin by circular dichroism and fluorescence.

Abstract Structural transitions occurring during the alkalin titration of human somatotropin, human choriomammotropin, and ovine prolactin have been investigated by means of circular dichroism and fluorescence emission spectra. Human somatotropin exhibited an isodichroic point at 287 nm, with all spectral changes being reversed upon back titration from pH 12.50 to pH 8.0. Fluorescence quenching as a function of pH produced a simple sigmoidal curve. Human choriomammotropin exhibited an isodichroic point at 288 nm. The fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra of this protein were found to be reversible between pH 8.0 and 11.0. However, on titration above pH 11, the isodichroic point and the reversibility of the circular dichroism spectra were lost. This conformational transition was accompanied by a sharp increase in fluorescence quantum yield. The circular dichroism spectra of ovine prolactin showed essentially no change on titration to pH 11.0. However, between pH 11.0 and 12.0, a sharp conformational transition was observed similar to that seen in human choriomammotropin, but not exhibiting the same increase in fluorescence quantum yield. The fluorescence titration of prolactin was found to be essentially reversible upon back titration from pH 12.5, although the circular dichroism spectra were not reversible from this pH.
Controls for Step Voltage Regulators [includes discussion]

A unique control circuit for step voltage regulators is described. An auxiliary relay with four pairs of contacts has been eliminated; this results in reduced maintenance and quiet operation. Full integrating time delay is obtained by means of a motor-driven time-delay relay operated directly by the contacts of the voltage-regulating relay. Sparking on the voltage-regulating relay contacts is reduced to a minimum.
A stimulated reflection experiment to demonstrate correlation between photons from independent laser beams

Abstract An experiment is described which would demonstrate correlation between independent photon beams. A prediction is given for the correlation coefficient for the two beams which can be compared to the experimentally determined value.
A CMOS dual-switching power-supply modulator with 8% efficiency improvement for 20MHz LTE Envelope Tracking RF power amplifiers

Envelope Tracking (ET) is an efficiency enhancement technique where the power supply of a linear RF power amplifier (PA) follows the envelope of the RF signal. It is specifically effective for the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) signals of modern communication systems. But due to envelope bandwidth expansion and watt-level power requirements, the design of wide bandwidth and high efficiency power supply modulators remains one of the most challenging aspects of ET systems.
IBM system z10 processor cache subsystem microarchitecture

With the introduction of the high-frequency IBM System z10™ processor design, a new, robust cache hierarchy was needed to enable up to 80 of these processors aggregated into a tightly coupled symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system to reach their performance potential. Typically, each time the processor frequency increases by a significant factor, as did the z10™ processor over the predecessor IBM System z9® processor, the access time of data, as measured by the number of processor cycles beyond the level 1 cache on an identical processor cache subsystem, would increase proportionally as well because the flight time on the chip interconnects across multiple hardware packaging levels has stayed relatively constant in nanoseconds. To address the latency scaling problem and the increased demand of the larger 80-way SMP size, the z10 processor cache subsystem introduces new innovative concepts and solutions.
Microanalysis of catalysts by analytical electron microscopy

Abstract Analytical electron microscopy of individual catalyst particles provides much more information than just particle size and shape. The scanning transmission electron microscope with analytical facilities allows chemical and structural analysis to be obtained from areas on the order of 10 nm in diameter. In this paper, chemical analysis by X-ray emission spectroscopy is described with examples from studies of supported metal, bismuth molybdate and zeolite catalysts. Qualitative analysis of Pd/Al2O3 catalysts reveals small concentrations of impurity elements as well as the major components. Phase analysis of bismuth molybdates by quantitative X-ray spectroscopy provides rapid identification of phases present within single catalyst particles. Quantitative analysis of zeolite crystals reveals gradients in composition across some types of zeolite crystals. For small ZSM-5 crystals with Si/Al = 10, the particles had either a surface enriched in Si or a nearly homogeneous composition across the particle. For large particles with Si/Al = 40, the particles had more Al near the surface than in the interior.
Factors associated with aspirin resistance in patients premedicated with aspirin and clopidogrel for endovascular neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE: Antiplatelet therapy is critical to endovascular neurosurgical procedures. Some patients are aspirin-resistant nonresponders. We reviewed our endovascular neurosurgery patients who were premedicated with aspirin and clopidogrel and identified nonresponders to aspirin. Factors associated with aspirin resistance were determined. METHODS: Consecutive endovascular neurosurgery patients were identified who were treated by the senior author (BLH) from December 2006 to October 2007 and who were premedicated with aspirin (325 mg) and clopidogrel (75 mg) for 7 days before the procedure. We retrospectively reviewed values from the platelet function analyzer-100 test (Dade-Behring, Deerfield, IL) from 1 day before the procedures. The following factors were evaluated for association with aspirin drug resistance: age, sex, body mass index, and smoking history; patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease/ peripheral vascular disease, or hypercholesterolemia; disease pathology (aneurysm, intracranial stenosis, or extracranial stenosis); patients taking statins, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, or antidepressants; and white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet levels. A stepwise logistic model selection was used to select important factors and their interactions. RESULTS: Eighty-one consecutive patients with the following interventions were included in the study: 35 aneurysm coilings (43%), 21 stent-assisted aneurysm coilings (26%), 13 carotid stent and angioplasties (16%), 7 intracranial stents and angioplasties (9%) , and 5 extracranial vertebral artery stents and angioplasties (6%). Seventeen patients (21 %) were nonresponders to aspirin. After model selection, the only factor associated with aspirin resistance was not taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (P = 0.0348; odds ratio, 0.214; 95% confidence interval, 0.051-0.896). CONCLUSION: Twenty-one percent of patients premedicated with aspirin and clopidogrel dual therapy for 7 days before endovascular neurosurgical procedures were nonresponders to aspirin. Patients not taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker may be at higher risk for aspirin drug resistance.
Adequacy of the Lifshitz Theory for Certain Thin Adsorbed Films

We have employed a quartz crystal microbalance technique to study the thickness versus pressuredependence of a variety of thin (0–5 nm) liquid ﬁlms (water, cyclohexane, nitrogen, krypton, andxenon) adsorbed on metal surfaces. We observe the Lifshitz theory of van der Waals forces to providean excellent description of nitrogen adsorption, and an inadequate description of water adsorption, withthe remaining gases spanning the two extremes.
Should Patients be Given an Initial Low Test Dose of Sildenafil

Sildenafil is highly effective for treating erectile dysfunction (ED). However, its use has been associated with serious adverse events including myocardial infarctions and strokes, and 130 verifiable plus 112 unverified deaths reported to the US Food and Drug Administration during the 8 months after sildenafil was introduced in the US, and 522 reported deaths during the 13.5 months after its introduction. Moreover, some events have occurred in men taking their first dose of the agent, suggesting that sildenafil, like some drugs that affect blood pressure, may provoke a first-dose reaction. This possibility warrants extra caution to be used when initiating treatment with sildenafil. Such caution is not currently provided by the current dosage guidelines that, for example, recommend the use of sildenafil 50mg initially for most men between the ages of 18 and 65 years, despite wide differences in bodyweight, age, drug metabolism, health status and usage of other medications.
Analysis of the in vitro digestion of modified DNA to oligonucleotides by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS

Abstract Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) techniques are ideally suited to the investigation of DNA adduction. Most current experiments focus on the quantification of monomeric DNA adducts, or the reaction of synthetic oligonucleotides with a specific carcinogen. The methodology presented herein allows for examination of the sequence context of an adducted segment by the enzymatic digestion of DNA modified by the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to oligonucleotide fragments, and subsequent analysis by LC–MS and LC–MS/MS. Synthetic oligonucleotide mixtures were also analyzed to facilitate method development. LC–MS results were compared to predicted masses of adducted oligonucleotide fragments allowing determination of nucleobase compositions bearing a covalent adduct. Subsequent LC–MS/MS analysis enabled identification of specific sequences containing a covalent modification. Relative differences in the abundances of modified sequences were observed in the comparison of the digestion products to the synthetic standards. This approach demonstrates promise for determining binding preferences to DNA by presenting the entire molecule as a target.
Intrinsic bistability and emitter scattering in resonant tunneling diodes

Abstract Incoherent scattering degrades the peak-to-valley ratio in resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs). In addition, scattering reduces intrinsic bistability, which is a hysteresis in current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics. Previous numerical calculations considered only incoherent scattering in the well. In this work, by a unified treatment of current flowing from emitter continuum states and emitter quasi-bound states, we study also the effect of emitter scattering on intrinsic bistability. An analytical model that retains the salient features of intrinsic bistability is given. It is shown numerically that: (a) broadening induced by incoherent scattering in the emitter reduces intrinsic bistability; and (b) emitter scattering is on same footing with well scattering. This result may explain the discrepancy between numerical simulators and experimental facts regarding the presence of intrinsic bistability in such devices like RTDs.
Solution and solid-state circular dichroism analyses of a human salivary proline-rich glycoprotein repeating domain and its subfragments.

Solution- and solid-state c.d. spectra, as well as surface energetics values, were collected for a series of peptides derived from human salivary proline-rich glycoprotein (PRG). The acronyms and sequences for these peptides are as follows: PRG9-2 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-CONH2, PRG9-3 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-CONH2, PRG9-4 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-CONH2, PRG9-5 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-CONH2, PRG9-6 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-CONH2, PRG9-7 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-G(7)-CONH2, PRG9-8 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-G(7)-K(8)-CONH2, and PRG9-9 = NH2-G(1)-P(2)-P(3)-P(4)-H(5)-P(6)-G(7)-K(8)-P(9)-CONH2. The presence of stable poly-L-proline II-like 'mini' helices in the solution state was found to be dependent on peptide chain length, pH, salt, and organic solvent type. Other conformational features such as kinks and beta-/gamma-turns were also found in the larger peptides. Solid-state peptide conformations were not necessarily related to their solution-state counterparts. Poly-L-proline II-like 'mini' helices, kinks, and beta-/gamma-turns were similarly found in the various substrate-bound PRG9 peptides. Surface energetics parameters suggested specific orientations for PRG9 peptides and their constituent acids and homopolymers.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN CRANBERRIES

Methanolic extracts of cranberries were evaporated and reextracted with ethyl acetate. Residues from the dried ethyl acetate extract were isolated by thin-layer, column, and paper chromatography. A large diffuse area indicated the presence of high molecular weight polymeric polyphenols. In addition, seven discrete spots were identified as: (a) catechin; (b) epicatechin; (c) a dimeric epicatechin with a C4-C8 linkage; (d) an unknown polymer which degraded on acid hydrolysis to three compounds, of which one was cyanidin; (e) an unknown polymer which degraded to at least four compounds of which one was cyanidin and one was the compound described above as (d). Compounds (f) and (g) were present in very small amounts. These compounds may contribute to the astringency of cranberries.
Descending Deviation Optimization techniques for scheduling problems

In factory automation, production line scheduling entails a number of competing issues. Finding optimal configurations often requires use of local search techniques. Local search looks for a goal state employing heuristics and random local ldquoprobesrdquo in order to move from state to state. All local search techniques, however, suffer from problems with local maxima, i.e. have the potential of getting ldquostuckrdquo in a suboptimal state. While careful introduction of randomizations is certainly a recognized technique, it can also lead the algorithm even more astray. This paper describes a heuristic technique called descending deviation optimizations (DDO) in which a gradually lowering-randomization ceiling allows a local search technique to ldquobouncerdquo randomly without going too far astray. An example applying the DDO to a local search technique and achieving significant improvement is shown.
Superoxide dismutase 3 is induced by antioxidants, inhibits oxidative DNA damage and is associated with inhibition of estrogen-induced breast cancer

Epidemiological data and studies in rodent models strongly support the role of estrogens in the development of breast cancers. Oxidative stress has been implicated in this carcinogenic process. We have recently demonstrated that antioxidants vitamin C or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) severely inhibit 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced breast tumor development in female ACI rats. The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanism of antioxidant-mediated prevention of breast cancer. Female August Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats were treated with E2, vitamin C, vitamin C + E2, BHA and BHA + E2 for up to 8 months. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) was suppressed in E2-exposed mammary tissues and in mammary tumors of rats treated with E2. This suppression was overcome by co-treatment of rats with E2 and vitamin C or BHA. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels determined as a marker of oxidative DNA damage were higher in E2-exposed mammary tissues and in mammary tumors compared with age-matched controls. Vitamin C or BHA treatment significantly decreased E2-mediated increase in 8-OHdG levels in the mammary tissues and in MCF-10A cells. Increased DNA damage, colony and mammosphere formation, and migration in SOD3 knocked down MCF-10A cells, and nuclear translocation of SOD3 in vitamin C-treated mammary tissues and in MCF-10A cells suggest protective role of SOD3 against DNA damage and mammary carcinogenesis. Our studies further demonstrate that SOD3, but not SOD2 and SOD1, is induced by antioxidants and is regulated through NRF2. SOD3 may thus be an important gene in defense against oxidative stress and in the prevention of estrogen-mediated breast cancer.
Effects of written anger expression in chronic pain patients: making meaning from pain.

Based on prior research demonstrating benefits of emotional disclosure for chronically ill individuals and evidence that anger is particularly problematic in chronic pain sufferers, outpatients from a chronic pain center (N = 102) were randomly assigned to express their anger constructively or to write about their goals non-emotionally in a letter-writing format on two occasions. Letters were coded for degree of expressed anger and meaning-making (speculation and insight into conditions that precipitated anger). Over a 9 week period, participants in the anger-expression group (n = 51) experienced greater improvement in control over pain and depressed mood, and marginally greater improvement in pain severity than the control group (n = 51). Degree of expressed anger uniquely accounted for intervention effects and meaning-making mediated effects on depressed mood. These findings suggest that expressing anger may be helpful for chronic pain sufferers, particularly if it leads to meaning-making.
Pathogenesis of ANCA-Associated Vasculitis

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of systemic vasculitis syndromes characterized by inflammation and necrosis of blood vessel walls. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors contribute to the etiology and pathogenesis of AAV. On the basis of currently available clinical and experimental evidence, it is reasonable to believe that, in predisposed patients, different triggers can lead to the production of autoantibodies (ANCA) that, in the context of an inflammatory environment, can cause tissue inflammation and vascular injury. Several different pathways and mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AAV are described in this contemporary review.
Evidence-Based Practices for Students with Severe Disabilities and the Requirement for Accountability in “No Child Left Behind”

To define what is special about the education of students with severe disabilities, this article provides a snapshot of research-based practices that are relevant to the “No Child Left Behind” (NCLB) focus on accountability. The NCLB requirement to assess all students in reading, math, and science is contrasted to the functional approach typical of skill acquisition research for this population. The concept of adequate yearly progress is addressed by reviewing the types of instructional strategies that would most likely yield progress. Information is also provided on the extent to which teachers use research-based strategies. We conclude that prior research provides guidance for how to select and teach skills even though new applications for academics are needed.
Altered circadian and homeostatic sleep regulation in prokineticin 2-deficient mice.

Study Objectives: Sleep is regulated by circadian and homeostatic processes. Recent studies with mutant mice have indicated that circadian-related genes regulate sleep amount, as well as the timing of sleep. Thus a direct link between circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep may exist, at least at the molecular level. Prokineticin 2 (PK2), which oscillates daily with high amplitude in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), has been postulated to be an SCN output molecule. In particular, mice lacking the PK2 gene (PK2-/-) have been shown to display significantly reduced rhythmicity for a variety of circadian physiological and behavioral parameters. We investigated the role of PK2 in sleep regulation. Design: EEG/EMG sleep-wake patterns were recorded in PK2-/- mice and their wild-type littermate controls under baseline and challenged conditions. Measurements and Results: PK2-/- mice exhibited reduced total sleep time under entrained light-dark and constant darkness conditions. The reduced sleep time in PK2-/- mice occurred predominantly during the light period and was entirely due to a decrease in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time. However, PK2-/- mice showed increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time in both light and dark periods. After sleep deprivation, compensatory rebound in NREM sleep, REM sleep, and EEG delta power was attenuated in PK2-/- mice. In addition, PK2-/- mice had an impaired response to sleep disturbance caused by cage change in the light phase. Conclusions: These results indicate that PK2 plays roles in both circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep. PK2 may also be involved in maintaining the awake state in the presence of behavioral challenges.
Diindolylmethane suppresses ovarian cancer growth and potentiates the effect of cisplatin in tumor mouse model by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated in majority of ovarian tumors and confers resistance to cisplatin treatment in patients with ovarian cancer. We have reported previously that diindolylmethane (DIM) inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells. However, to date the exact mechanism by which DIM induces growth suppressive effects has not been clear. In this report the mode of action of DIM is investigated. Six human ovarian cancer cell lines and an ovarian tumor xenograft animal model were used to study the effect of diindolylmethane alone or in combination with cisplatin. Diindolylmethane treatment induced apoptosis in all six ovarian cancer cell lines. Phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr-705 and Ser-727 was reduced by DIM in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, diindolylmethane treatment inhibited nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activity of STAT3. Interleukin (IL)-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr-705 was significantly blocked by DIM. Overexpression of STAT3 by gene transfection blocked DIM-induced apoptosis. In addition, DIM treatment reduced the levels of IL-6 in ovarian cancer cells and in the tumors. DIM treatment also inhibited cell invasion and angiogenesis by suppressing hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF). Importantly, diindolylmethane treatment potentiated the effects of cisplatin in SKOV-3 cells by targeting STAT3. Oral administration of 3 mg diindolylmethane per day and subsequent administration of cisplatin substantially inhibited in vivo tumor growth. Western blotting analysis of tumor lysates indicated increased apoptosis and reduced STAT3 activation. These findings provide a rationale for further clinical investigation of DIM alone or in combination for chemoprevention and/or chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.
Enantiomeric separations of chiral pharmaceuticals using chirally modified tetrahexahedral Au nanoparticles

Abstract Tetrahexahedral (THH, 24-sided) Au nanoparticles modified with D - or L -cysteine (Cys) have been used as enantioselective separators of the chiral pharmaceutical propranolol (PLL) in solution phase. Polarimetry has been used to measure the rotation of linearly polarized light by solutions containing mixtures of PLL and Cys/THH–Au NPs with varying enantiomeric excesses of each. Polarimetry yields clear evidence of enantiospecific adsorption of PLL onto the Cys/THH–Au NPs. This extends prior work using propylene oxide as a test chiral probe, by using the crystalline THH Au NPs with well-defined facets to separate a real pharmaceutical. This work suggests that chiral nanoparticles, coupled with a density separation method such as centrifugation, could be used for enantiomeric purification of real pharmaceuticals. A simple robust model developed earlier has also been used to extract the enantiospecific equilibrium constants for R - and S -PLL adsorption onto the D - and L -Cys/THH–Au NPs.
Nitric oxide increases the signal intensity of the T1-weighted magnetic resonance image of blood

Human blood was infused through a gas permeable membrane to determine if treatment with nitric oxide affects the signal intensity of its T1-weighted magnetic resonance image. Equal volumes of blood with increasing concentrations of methemoglobin were placed in glass tubes. T1-weighted images of the samples were obtained with a 1.5T magnetic resonance scanner. There was a linear correlation between the signal intensity of the T1-weighted images and the amount of methemoglobin in each sample (r2 = 0.94, p = 0.0015). Thus, blood that has been treated with nitric oxide can potentially be used as an autologous intravascular contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.
Cardiac aging: Send in the vinculin reinforcements

Integration of multiple analytical approaches across three species—fly, rat, and nonhuman primate—reveals additional roles for vinculin in cytoskeletal aging and cardiovascular disease (Kaushik et al., this issue).
Platelet GPIIb-IIIa blockers

Summary Regardless of the event that stimulates the aggregation of platelets, the receptor α llb β 3 -one of a family of adhesion receptors known as integrins–has a key role in the process. The past decade has seen the publication of 10 phase III (randomised) clinical trials of four members of a new class of antiplatelet drugs, the GPIIb-IIIa blockers, targeted at this important receptor. Three (abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban) are licensed for human use. 10 other GbIIb-IIIa blockers are in phase II or III human studies. In all 10 placebo-controlled trials, done in the clinical settings of percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome in patients on aspirin, the endpoints favoured the active drug, with a risk reduction for death or non-fatal myocardial infarction of about 21% overall. With attention to heparin dose the risk of bleeding is not a major concern with these agents. The GPIIb-IIIa blockers are taking the clinician and patient out of the era of aspirin monotherapy when platelet inhibition is required.
Prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in resource-limited settings

Strategies for confronting the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) have included a range of different approaches that focus on prevention and treatment. However, debate persists over what levels of emphasis are appropriate for the different components of the global response. This paper presents an overview of this debate and briefly summarizes the evidence on a range of interventions designed to prevent the spread of HIV infection, paying particular attention to voluntary counselling and testing, treatment for sexually transmitted infections and prevention of mother-to-child transmission. We also review the experience with antiretroviral therapy to date in terms of response rates and survival rates, adherence, drug resistance, behavioural change and epidemiological impact. Although various studies have identified strategies with proven effectiveness in reducing the risks of HIV infection and AIDS mortality, considerable uncertainties remain. Successful integration of treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS will require a balanced approach and rigorous monitoring of the impact of programmes in terms of both individual and population outcomes.
Attitudes and expectations about children with nontraditional and traditional gender roles

Cross-sex behavior in boys generally is viewed more negatively than cross-sex behavior in girls. The two goals of this study were to assess attitudes toward tomboys and sissies, and to explore possible causes for differential evaluations of tomboys and sissies. Eighty undergraduates completed questionnaires assessing their attitudes toward tomboys and sissies, and their expectations for the future adult behavior of typical boys, typical girls, tomboys, and sissies. Results revealed that sissies were more negatively evaluated than tomboys. Women were more accepting of, and perceived more societal acceptance for cross-sex children, than were men. One reason for the negative evaluation of sissies may be that there is more concern for their future outcomes than for tomboys. Analyses of predictions concerning future behavior showed that sissies, more so than tomboys, were expected to continue to show cross-gender behavior into adulthood. Also, sissies were rated as likely to be less well adjusted and more likely to be homosexual when they grow up than other children. The accuracy of these beliefs and their implications for child-rearing practices are discussed.
Introducing the concept of Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM)

Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) can be defined as the maximum aerosol mass that the oxidation of precursor gases produces. In the measurement, all precursor gases are rapidly oxidized with extreme amounts of oxidants to low volatility compounds, resulting in the aerosol formation. Oxidation occurs in a small, simple, flow-through chamber that has a short residence time and is irradiated with ultraviolet light. The amount of the oxidants ozone (O3), hydroxyl (OH), and hydroperoxyl (HO2) were measured directly and can be controlled by varying the UV light and the relative humidity. Maximum values were 40 ppmv for O3, 500 pptv for OH, and 4 ppbv for HO2. The oxidant amounts are 100 to 1000 times troposphere values, but the ratios OH/O3 and HO2/OH are similar to troposphere values. The aerosol production mechanism and the aerosol mass yield were studied for several controlling variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, oxidant concentration, presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx), precursor gas composition and amount, and the presence of acidic seed aerosol. The measured secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield of several natural and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and a mixture of hydrocarbons in the PAM chamber were similar to those obtained in large, batch-style environmental chambers. This PAM method is being developed for measuring potential aerosol mass in the atmosphere, but is also useful for examining SOA processes in the laboratory and in environmental chambers.
Fractured aorta: A case report

A 66-year-old, restrained driver involved in a high-speed motor vehicle crash sustained a transmural infrarenal fracture of a circumferentially calcified aorta. Blunt abdominal aortic injury is exceedingly rare, about twenty times less common than its thoracic counterpart, and the current case report is therefore unusual. A high index of suspicion in combination with a suggestive clinical history or examination should prompt diagnostic intervention, as both morbidity and mortality are high.
Event Anisotropy in High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

The predictions of event anisotropy parameters from transport model RQMD are compared with the recent experimental measurements for 158A GeV Pb+Pb collisions. Using the same model, we study the time evolution of event anisotropy at 2A GeV and 158A GeV for several colliding systems. For the first time, both momentum and configuration space information are studied using the Fourier analysis of the azimuthal angular distribution. We find that, in the model, the initial geometry of the collision plays a dominant role in determining the anisotropy parameters.
The Internal Functioning of Capitalist Organizations

It is a commentary of some sort on the blurring and shifting of disciplinary lines that I should have been asked to talk on the psychology of capitalism, and should have accepted. Though during the past fifteen years I have had a good deal of exposure to the body of theory of social and personality psychology, I have no formal training in psychology. And I am not a professor of business management. My field of specialization is economic development and social change in the low income countries—which, I think, does make me an economic historian. If I have any individual specialization, it is on the emphasis that I insist must be given to the technical study of personality formation if we are to gain a full understanding of either economic development or social change. This interest in turn is related to the psychology of capitalism. One of the simpler things that this personal history symbolizes is that old disciplinary Lines are giving way, as scholars shift their analysis to new explanatory variables. The old lines of demarcation between sociology, anthropology, and political science are becoming obsolete, all of these disciplines are nibbling away at the domain of history, and personality theory is intruding into the domain of all four.
The LOXL2 gene encodes a new lysyl oxidase-like protein and is expressed at high levels in reproductive tissues.

We have reported in this paper the complete cDNA sequence, gene structure, and tissue-specific expression of LOXL2, a new amine oxidase and a member of an emerging family of human lysyl oxidases. The predicted amino acid sequence, from several overlapping cDNA clones isolated from placenta and spleen cDNA libraries, shared extensive sequence homology with the conserved copper-binding and catalytic domains of both lysyl oxidase (LOX) and the lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) protein. These conserved domains are encoded by five consecutive exons within the LOX,LOXL, and LOXL2 genes that also maintained exon-intron structure conservation. In contrast, six exons encoding the amino-terminal domains diverged both in sequence and structure. Exon 1 of the LOXL2 gene does not encode a signal sequence that is present in LOX and LOXL, suggesting a different processing and intracellular localization for this new protein. Expression of the LOXL2 gene was detected in almost all tissues with the highest steady state mRNA levels in the reproductive tissues, placenta, uterus and prostate. In situ hybridization identified placental syncytial and cytotrophoblasts responsible for the synthesis of LOXL2mRNA and demonstrated a spatial and temporal expression pattern unique to the LOXL2 gene.
Invited Article Fudging with Friends and Lying to Lovers: Deceptive Communication in Personal Relationships

Although a considerable body of recent research has addressed the problem of deceptive communication, few studies have examined deceptive communication in personal relationships. We argue that the occurrence, substance, and outcomes of deceptive communication are markedly influenced by the nature of the communicators' relationship. To redeem this claim, we examine how several differences between impersonal and personal relationships may influence deceptive exchanges, and consider some of the implications of the distinctions for future research dealing with deceptive communication in personal relationships.
The antilingula - : Fact or fiction?

Purpose The “antilingula” is a term that is only used in oral and maxillofacial surgery publications. It is not found in anatomy texts. This paper examines the origin of the term “antilingula” and explores the literature to determine why there is a bony lump on the lateral surface of the mandible. Methods The English literature was searched for references to this bony lump on the lateral surface of the mandible to find its origin and intent. Discussion with anatomists about the “antilingula” were undertaken to determine their understanding of it. Results Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons began using this bony prominence as a guide to the position of the entrance of the inferior alveolar nerve on the medial surface of the mandible in the 1950s. Beginning in 1976, many descriptions of ramus osteotomies refer to the “antilingula” and recommend it as a guide for making bone cuts safely without injuring the inferior alveolar nerve. However, research studies that have been performed reveal no evidence that the “antilingula” has any relationship to the entrance of the inferior alveolar nerve. Discussions with anatomists suggest it is a bony response to the muscles and tendons that insert in that area rather than having a relationship to the entrance of the inferior alveolar nerve. Conclusion The use of the “antilingula” for marking the location of ramus osteotomies is illogical.
Cleaning Methods for Zirconia Following Salivary Contamination.

Purpose To determine the best method of cleaning saliva-contaminated zirconia in preparation for resin bonding. Material and Methods Flat blocks of zirconia were particle abraded with aluminum oxide and divided into eight groups (n = 10). Groups 1 to 4 were first treated with one coat of an MDP primer (Z-prime Plus) and groups 5 to 8 were left untreated. A thin coat of fresh whole saliva was painted on all specimens (except the control, group 1) and left in contact for 3 minutes. The specimens were then cleaned by rinsing with water for 20 seconds (groups 2 and 5), or cleaned with 35% phosphoric acid for 20 seconds and rinsed (groups 3 and 6), or cleaned with a zirconia cleaning solution (Ivoclean) for 20 seconds and rinsed (groups 4 and 7), or abraded with aluminum oxide particles and rinsed (group 5). Following the cleaning procedure, groups 5 to 8 were treated with one coat of Z-prime Plus. A 2.5 mm diameter tube was filled with composite (Z100), affixed to the zirconia surface, and light-cured. Specimens were stored in water (37°C for 24 hours) followed by thermocycling (5°C to 55°C for 10,000 cycles). Shear bond strength testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Bond strength values were compared to the control using a Dunnett's test (alpha = 0.05). Contact angles of the zirconia specimens with and without Z-prime Plus were measured with water using a goniometer. Results Groups 2, 5, and 8 were not significantly different from the control. Application of Z-prime made the zirconia surface more hydrophobic. Conclusions If salivary contamination occurs after MDP application, rinsing off the saliva with water will preserve bond strength. If salivary contamination occurs prior to MDP application, particle abrasion or cleaning with Ivoclean will preserve bond strength.
Magic Cubes and Prouhet Sequences

(1977). Magic Cubes and Prouhet Sequences. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 84, No. 8, pp. 618-627.
Association Between Breast Cancer Recurrence and Immunosuppression in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cohort Study.

Objective Breast cancer recurrence may be promoted by immunosuppression due to decreased immune surveillance. The aim of this study was to examine the rates of breast cancer recurrence in patients with immune-mediated disease and treated breast cancer who received therapy with methotrexate, thiopurines, or anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF). Methods Three retrospective cohort studies within Medicare (2000-2012) included women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who underwent surgery for primary breast cancer. Recurrent or second primary breast cancers occurring more than 365 days after the initial surgery were identified. Separate Cox regression models were used to examine the risk of cancer recurrence in patients treated with methotrexate, thiopurines, or anti-TNF agents after surgery, each compared with no use. Analyses were matched for type of breast surgery and receipt and type of adjuvant therapy. Results Across all medication groups, 107 women experienced breast cancer recurrence during 5,196 person-years. The incidence rates were 20.3 and 19.6 per 1,000 person-years in methotrexate users and nonusers, respectively, 32.3 and 17.6 in thiopurine users and nonusers, respectively, and 22.3 and 19.5 in anti-TNF users and nonusers, respectively. There was no significantly increased risk of breast cancer recurrence with use of methotrexate (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.67-1.69), anti-TNF therapy (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.65-1.97), or thiopurines (HR 2.10, 95% CI 0.62-7.14). Conclusion The risk of breast cancer recurrence in patients who received methotrexate, thiopurine, or anti-TNF therapy was not statistically significantly increased, although we cannot rule out a 2-fold or greater increased risk in those treated with thiopurines. These data provide reassurance to clinicians choosing to start methotrexate or anti-TNF therapy in RA or IBD patients with treated breast cancer.
Analysis of non-communicable disease and utilization of health resources on elders in Qingpu district of Shanghai

Objective To investigate the aging status on elders,then know main non-communicable diseases and usage of health resources in Qingpu district.Methods 1 881 permanent residents aged over 50 years old were sampled by using multi-stage random sampling methods in Qingpu,then family condition,socio-demographic characteristic,health status and main risk factors,usage of health resources and living information were investigated by face-to-face interview.Results 2 051 were investigated,among which 1 881 were elders,including male 907 and female 974,with the sexy ratio at 0.93∶1.The mean age was(63.66±9.81)years,and disease rate rise followed the age growth(P0.01).Marriage pay influence on disease and successful marriage can protect disease rate from growing(P0.01).The leading eight orders of chronic non-communicable diseases in Qingpu were hypertension,arthritis,chronic pulmonary disease,cataract,diabetes,angina,asthma,stroke,injury and depression.The annual direct medical cost of patient in hospital was 2 080 952.38 Yuan,equaled to 10.4 thousand per time,while outpatient had the annual direct medical cost at 1 361 636.83 Yuan and equaled to 364.07 Yuan per time.Conclusion The chronic non-communicable disease occurrence arisen followed with the aging and unhealthy life style,then the cost of cure rose,which cost a high economic burden.We should control the prevalence of main chronic non-communicable diseases.
Analysis of matrix protein gene nucleotide sequence diversity among Newcastle disease virus isolates demonstrates that recent disease outbreaks are caused by viruses of psittacine origin

Nucleotide sequence analysis was completed for isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV; avian paramyxovirus 1) from 1992 outbreaks in cormorants and turkeys. These isolates were of the neurotropic velogenic type. The cormorant and turkey NDV isolates had the fusion protein cleavage sequence 109SRGRRQKR/FVG119, as opposed to the consensus sequence 109SGGRRQKR/FIG119 of most known velogenic NDV isolates. The R for G substitution at position 110 may be unique for the cormorant and turkey isolates. For comparative purposes, nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the conserved matrix protein gene coding region were completed for isolates representing all pathotypes. Phylogenetic relationships demonstrated that there are two major groups of NDV isolates. One group includes viruses found in North America and worldwide, such as B1, LaSota, Texas/GB, and Beaudette/C. The second group contains isolates, such as Ulster/2C, Australia/Victoria, and Herts/33, considered exotic to North America. Within this second group are viruses of psittacine origin. The viruses from 1992 outbreaks of Newcastle disease in North America, and an isolate thought to have caused the major outbreak in southern California during the 1970s, are most closely related to an NDV isolate of psittacine origin.