cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaporation-Wind Feedback and Low-Frequency Variability in the Tropical Atmosphere

Abstract A mechanism by which feedback between zonal wind perturbations and evaporation can create unstable, low-frequency modes in a simple two-layer model of the tropical troposphere is presented. The modes resemble the 30–50 day oscillation. A series of general circulation model experiments designed to test the effect of suppressing this feedback on low-frequency variability in the model tropics is described. The results suggest that the evaporation-wind feedback can be important to the amplitude of the spectral peak corresponding to the 30–50 day oscillation in the model, but that the existence of the oscillation does not depend on it. The feedback is found to have a much more dramatic effect on low-frequency variability when sea surface temperatures are fixed than when the lower boundary is a zero heat capacity “swamp”.
Algorithmic Approach to Lower Lid Blepharoplasty

The debate continues around transconjunctival versus transcutaneous approaches. Despite the perceived safety of the former, many experienced surgeons continue to advocate the latter. This review aims to present a balanced view of each approach. It will first address the anatomic basis of lower lid aging and then organize recent literature and associated discussion into the transconjunctival and transcutaneous approaches. The integrated algorithm employed by the senior author will be presented. Finally this review will describe less mainstream suture techniques for lower lid rejuvenation and lower lid blepharoplasty complications with a focus upon lower lid malposition.
Time‐dependent density operator in the random impulse approximation: I. Connections with the “generalized sudden approximation” for photoionization and electron impact ionization; and II. Relevance to reduced density operators, particle–hole matrices, and propagators for the initial state

A density operator analysis is made of the particle-ejection (e.g., photoionization) problem in the “generalized sudden approximation” for the case in which the ejected particle is detected but its dynamical properties are not observed. It is shown that the resultant statistical density operator may be derived from that obtained in a particle-conserving Hamiltonian-evolution linear-response model with a random impulse perturbation, and that the physical applicability of the latter model embraces the range of applicability of the former. The initial value of the statistical density operator for the above particle-ejection problem is shown to be the N – (1)-particle reduced density operator of the initial state; and the initial value of the statistical density operator for the excitations in the random impulse model is shown to be the N-particle Hermitian operator whose matrix representation is the G matrix of Garrod and Percus. The significance of the eigenvalue spectrum of these operators to the excitation properties of the system is discussed, especially for the random impulse model, where a large eigenvalue of the G matrix can signal strong preferential excitation to its corresponding particle-hole collective state, even for a random perturbation. Extensions of these ideas to excitations from states with a large eigenvalue of the two-particle reduced density operator (e.g., superconducting states) are mentioned. The The applicability of these density matrices to the description of the excitation spectrum due to a well-defined perturbation is discussed. The relationship of these time-dependent density operators to the one-particle propagator and the particle–hole propagator (polarization propagator) is established.
Worker involvement in implementing new technology

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of worker involvement in the implementation of new technology. While academicians have long called for greater worker involvement in the change process, in practice it seems that organizations resist such involvement to any great degree. The review of the literature presented here suggests that worker involvement is even more critical in implementing new technology as such involvement not only results in less resistance to technological change but, more importantly, greater support and commitment from workers for technological change. This commitment from workers is necessary if new technology is to be successfully implemented.
Method for measuring surface-interaction parameters of spin-polarized Rb atoms on coated Pyrex glass surfaces using edge enhancement

We present a method for measuring surface interaction parameters of spin-polarized Rb atoms on coated Pyrex glass surfaces based on edge enhancement in optically pumped Rb vapor. The best fit to the measured magnetic resonance lines using a theoretical model yields a dwell time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}=1.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ and a spin relaxation probability ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{s}=0.015$ for a spin-polarized Rb atom on a Pyrex glass surface coated with dichlorooctamethyl-tetrasiloxane (Surfasil), and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}=0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ and ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{s}=0.001$ on a surface coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS).
Second JECSS workshop

The Second Japan and East China Seas Study (JECSS) Workshop, which was held April 22–27, 1983, at Tsukuba University, Japan, will publish proceedings in spring 1984. Convened by Takashi Ichiye (Texas A&M University) and Kenzo Takano (Tsukuba University), the purpose of the workshop was to assess oceanographic research of these seas, including modeling and observational techniques, and to promote the cooperation of oceanographers in studying the marginal seas. The Workshop was supported by IBM Japan and the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) and also sponsored by AGU, the Oceanographical Society of Japan and the Japanese-French Oceanographic Society. The JECSS program has been designated as a program that contributes to the objectives of WESTPAC, the IOC-UNESCO international program.
The quantitative trait linkage disequilibrium test: a more powerful alternative to the quantitative transmission disequilibrium test for use in the absence of population stratification

Linkage analysis based on identity-by-descent allele-sharing can be used to identify a chromosomal region harboring a quantitative trait locus (QTL), but lacks the resolution required for gene identification. Consequently, linkage disequilibrium (association) analysis is often employed for fine-mapping. Variance-components based combined linkage and association analysis for quantitative traits in sib pairs, in which association is modeled as a mean effect and linkage is modeled in the covariance structure has been extended to general pedigrees (quantitative transmission disequilibrium test, QTDT). The QTDT approach accommodates data not only from parents and siblings, but also from all available relatives. QTDT is also robust to population stratification. However, when population stratification is absent, it is possible to utilize even more information, namely the additional information contained in the founder genotypes. In this paper, we introduce a simple modification of the allelic transmission scoring method used in the QTDT that results in a more powerful test of linkage disequilibrium, but is only applicable in the absence of population stratification. This test, the quantitative trait linkage disequilibrium (QTLD) test, has been incorporated into a new procedure in the statistical genetics computer package SOLAR. We apply this procedure in a linkage/association analysis of an electrophysiological measurement previously shown to be related to alcoholism. We also demonstrate by simulation the increase in power obtained with the QTLD test, relative to the QTDT, when a true association exists between a marker and a QTL.
STUDENTS' BELIEFS ABOUT ANIMAL RESEARCHERS AS A FUNCTION OF RESEARCHERS' SEX'

Szrmrnaly.-Students responded to one of four written descriptions of professors who varied by sex and rype of research (human or animal). A 2 (sex of target) x 2 (type of research) x 2 (sex of participant) analysis of variance was computed for an agentic scale and a communal scale. These scales assessed, respectively, orientation toward tasks and orientation toward relationships. The researchers of human behavior were rated as more communal than the animal researchers. The female researchers were rated as more agentic than the male researchers. No interaction between research area and sex of target was found. A content analysis of open-ended responses to the four stimulus descriptions supported the finding that the human researcher was rated as more communal than the animal researcher. This study suggests that students' behefs about professors are influenced by the professors' area of research. The discussion addresses che implications of this Finding for students' evaluations of animal researchers as instructors.
Religious Homogeneity and Metropolitan Suicide Rates

Numerous studies have examined the relationships between religious factors and aggregate suicide rates with inconsistent findings. We extend research on this topic by focusing on an overlooked variable: religious homogeneity or the extent to which community residents adhere to a single religion or a small number of faiths. After developing a series of arguments linking religious homogeneity with lower suicide rates we investigate this relationship using 1980 data on 296 SMSAs. As hypothesized religious homogeneity is inversely associated with suicide rates; its estimated effects are greater than those of the other religious variables that are widely used in studies of suicide -percent Catholic and church member rates -- and they persist despite controls for established covariates of suicide rates. On closer inspection we find regional differences in the apparent influence of religious homogeneity. Protective effects are strongest in the SMSAs of the Northeast and they also surface in the South while they are weaker in other areas of the US. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings and by outlining a number of fruitful directions for future research on the religion-suicide connection. (authors)
Effect of Stereoregularity on TOF-SIMS Spectra of Polymers

This study shows the utility of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for the analysis of stereoregular polymers. It is possible to obtain distinctive spectra for polymers of different stereoregularity. The high mass region of the spectrum from 600 to 3000 Da is related to differences in polymer stereoregularity. Differences occur in the relative intensities and/or locations of clusters for polymers of different stereoregularities. Polymers studied include poly(methyl methacrylate), polypropylene, and polypropylene oxide. The extent of stereoregularity influences the degree of difference observed in the TOF-SIMS spectra.
Understanding the network-level behavior of spammers

This paper studies the network-level behavior of spammers, including: IP address ranges that send the most spam, common spamming modes (e.g., BGP route hijacking, bots), how persistent across time each spamming host is, and characteristics of spamming botnets. We try to answer these questions by analyzing a 17-month trace of over 10 million spam messages collected at an Internet "spam sinkhole", and by correlating this data with the results of IP-based blacklist lookups, passive TCP fingerprinting information, routing information, and botnet "command and control" traces.We find that most spam is being sent from a few regions of IP address space, and that spammers appear to be using transient "bots" that send only a few pieces of email over very short periods of time. Finally, a small, yet non-negligible, amount of spam is received from IP addresses that correspond to short-lived BGP routes, typically for hijacked prefixes. These trends suggest that developing algorithms to identify botnet membership, filtering email messages based on network-level properties (which are less variable than email content), and improving the security of the Internet routing infrastructure, may prove to be extremely effective for combating spam.
Line separation for complex document images using fuzzy runlength

A new text line location and separation algorithm for complex handwritten documents is proposed. The algorithm is based on the application of a fuzzy directional runlength. The proposed technique was tested on a variety of complex handwritten document images including postal parcel images and historical handwritten documents such as Newton's and Galileo's manuscripts. A preliminary testing showed a successful rate of 93% of the test set.
Static analysis for software assurance: soundness, scalability and adaptiveness

Standard approaches to software assurance are either process-based or test-based. We propose to include static analysis by Abstract interpretation to the software development cycle. Static analysis by Abstract Interpretation provides a high level of assurance as well as ground-truth evidence in support of its findings. Successes in the verification of large industrial codes demonstrate the readiness of this technology. However, in order to be practical in real development environments, static analysis must be able to scale and yield few false positives without the need for expert hand-tuning. We present a research agenda to reach this goal based on the development of adaptive static analysis algorithms.
Impact of Rainfall on the Retrieval of Soil Moisture using AMSR-E Data

Rainfall leads to errors and limitations on the soil moisture retrieval using satellite radiometry. To understand the impact of rainfall, we examined the temporal and spatial correlations between rainfall and soil moisture using AMSR-E (advanced microwave scanning radiometer-EOS) data. Scan by scan (swath basis) analyses were conducted to find the short time scale relationship between the two physical parameters. The retention of soil moisture after rainfall in different climatic regimes (e.g. humid and arid regions) was also examined.
Radiocarbon dating of small terrestrial gastropod shells in North America

Fossil shells of small terrestrial gastropods are commonly preserved in wetland, alluvial, loess, and glacial deposits, as well as in sediments at many archeological sites. These shells are composed largely of aragonite (CaCO3) and potentially could be used for radiocarbon dating, but they must meet two criteria before their 14 C ages can be considered to be reliable: (1) when gastropods are alive, the 14 C activity of their shells must be in equilibrium with the 14 C activity of the atmosphere, and (2) after burial, their shells must behave as closed systems with respect to carbon. To evaluate the first criterion, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the 14 C content of the most common small terrestrial gastropods in North America, including 247 AMS measurements of modern shell material (3749 individual shells) from 46 different species. The modern gastropods that we analyzed were all collected from habitats on carbonate terrain and, therefore, the data presented here represent worst-case scenarios. In sum, w78% of the shell aliquots that we analyzed did not contain dead carbon from limestone or other carbonate rocks even though it was readily available at all sites, 12% of the aliquots contained between 5 and 10% dead carbon, and a few (3% of the total) contained more than 10%. These results are significantly lower than the 20–30% dead carbon that has been reported previously for larger taxa living in carbonate terrain. For the second criterion, we report a case study from the American Midwest in which we analyzed fossil shells of small terrestrial gastropods (7 taxa; 18 AMS measurements; 173 individual shells) recovered from late-Pleistocene sediments. The fossil shells yielded 14 C ages that were statistically indistinguishable from 14 C ages of well-preserved plant macrofossils from the same stratum. Although just one site, these results suggest that small terrestrial gastropod shells may behave as closed systems with respect to carbon over geologic timescales. More work on this subject is needed, but if our case study site is representative of other sites, then fossil shells of some small terrestrial gastropods, including at least five common genera, Catinella, Columella, Discus, Gastrocopta, and Succinea, should yield reliable 14 C ages,
A Comparison of Software Evaluation Forms and Reviews

Various evaluation forms and reviews used to evaluate instructional software are compared with regard to the criteria employed in their assessments, and the usefulness and appropriateness of these ...
Interests, Universal and Particular: Bentham's Utilitarian Theory of Value

The basic concept of Bentham's moral and political philosophy was public utility. He linked it directly with the concept of the universal interest, which comprises a distinctive partnership of the interests of all members of the community. The ultimate end of government and aim of all of morality is ‘the advancement of the universal interest’. This essay articulates the structure of Bentham's notion of universal interest and locates it in his theory of value.
EFFECT OF VARIETY, GROWING LOCATION AND THEIR INTERACTION ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PEANUTS

Fatty acid composition of seed oil was investigated in 10 groundnut cultivars grown at 7 sites in Texas, Florida, Georgia, Oklahoma and Virginia, USA. The data suggested that cv. F 439-16-6, Wilco I, Florunner, Va 72R and Florigiant were more sensitive to environmental temperatures than Spanish-type cultivars. Large-seeded Virginia-type cultivars were highly sensitive to environment.
Inferior outcomes of autogenous infrainguinal bypass in Hispanics: an analysis of ethnicity, graft function, and limb salvage.

Introduction Recent evidence suggests disparities exist among racial groups with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Hispanics (HI) are the fastest growing demographic in the United States, but little outcome data is available for this population. Therefore, we undertook this study to compare the results of autogenous infrainguinal bypass grafting in HI to Caucasians (CA) and African Americans (AA). Methods This was a comparative cohort study of prospectively collected registry data of infrainguinal bypass performed at a tertiary center. Patient demographics and comorbidities, operative indications, bypass graft characteristics, and postoperative courses were analyzed. Cumulative patency rates, limb salvage, mortality, and factors associated with these outcomes were determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Results From January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2007, 1646 consecutive patients (1408 CA, 57 HI, and 181 AA) underwent 1646 autogenous infrainguinal reconstructions. HI and AA were younger and more often diabetic than CA but HI had less chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and dialysis-dependence than AA. AA, but not HI, more commonly underwent bypass for critical limb ischemia (CLI) in comparison to CA (AA 90% vs CA 80%, P Conclusion Autogenous infrainguinal bypass surgery in HI is associated with primary patency and limb salvage inferior to that of CA and similar to that of AA, despite HI rates of CLI equivalent to CA and HI comorbidities less severe than AA. HI ethnicity was an independent predictor of limb loss. Our data provides evidence of outcome disparities in HI treated aggressively for their PAD. Further investigation with regard to biologic and social factors is required to delineate the reasons for these inferior outcomes in HI patients.
αvβ3 Integrin Expression in Normal and Atherosclerotic Artery

Recent evidence suggests that alpha v beta 3 integrin is a critical molecule in several processes involved in atherosclerosis progression and in restenosis, eg, smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration and angiogenesis. While several ligands for this integrin are known to be present in atherosclerotic plaque, little is known about the presence of alpha v beta 3 integrin at this site. In the present study, we have examined alpha v beta 3 expression in normal and atherosclerotic arteries. Thirty-six coronary artery segments from the recipient hearts of 24 patients undergoing heart transplantation were classified into two groups: nonatherosclerotic diffuse intimal thickening (DIT) and atherosclerotic plaques. Serial frozen sections were examined immunohistochemically with four different monoclonal antibodies directed against human alpha v beta 3 complex or the beta 3 subunit and with cell markers for SMCs, macrophages, and endothelial cells. The endothelium along the lumen of both DIT and plaque arteries showed high expression of alpha v beta 3. The media of both DIT and plaque arteries showed less intense but extensive expression of alpha v beta 3. Immunoprecipitation and reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses performed on extracts from the aortic media confirmed the presence of alpha v beta 3 in the media. In the intima of both DIT and plaque arteries, alpha v beta 3 expression generally colocalized with SMCs but rarely with macrophages. The microvessels in the adventitia as well as in the plaque showed prominent expression of alpha v beta 3, in contrast to low expression in similar-sized microvessels of the skin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PPARγ: Welcoming the New Kid on the CML Stem Cell Block

Recently, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients already responding to treatment showed improved molecular responses with pioglitazone, presumably through PPARγ activation and CML stem cell eradication. Given data demonstrating deepening responses and successful treatment discontinuation with current therapy, the necessity for new therapies targeting CML stem cells to achieve cure is unclear.
Readmission Following Hospitalization for Pneumonia: The Impact of Pneumonia Type and Its Implication for Hospitals

Background. Readmission rates following discharge after pneumonia are thought to represent the quality of care. Factors associated with readmission, however, remain poorly described. It is unclear if readmission rates vary based on pneumonia type. Methods. We retrospectively identified adults admitted to an index hospital with non-nosocomial pneumonia (January through December 2010) and who survived to discharge. We only included patients with bacterial evidence of infection. Readmission in the 30 days following discharge to any of 9 hospitals comprising the index hospital’s healthcare system served as the primary end point. We recorded demographics, severity of illness, comorbidities, and infection-related factors. We noted whether the patient had healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) versus community-acquired pneumonia. We utilized logistic regression analysis to determine factors independently associated with readmission. Results. The cohort included 977 subjects; 78.9% survived to discharge. The readmission rate equaled 20%. Neither disease severity nor the rate of initially inappropriate antibiotic therapy correlated with readmission. Subjects with HCAP were 7.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6–15.7) times more likely to be readmitted. Four HCAP criteria were independently associated with readmission: admission from long-term care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.2 [95% CI, 1.4–3.4]); immunosuppression (AOR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.3–2.9]); prior antibiotics (AOR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.2–2.6]); and prior hospitalization (AOR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1–2.5]). Conclusions. Readmission for pneumonia is common but varies based on pneumonia type. The variables associated with readmission do not reflect factors that hospitals directly control. Use of one rule to guide payment that fails to account for HCAP and the HCAP criteria on readmission seems inappropriate.
The Bates pulse stretcher ring control system design

The design of the control system for MIT's pulse stretcher ring is described. Heavy use is made of standard hardware and software elements. Particular emphasis is given to the design of a true distributed system, one that can expand both at the data acquisition/control and at the data processing end. For this purpose, a method is proposed to avoid increasing the traffic on the network when adding more computers. Issues related to real-time response and user interfaces are also treated. Measurements to data are summarized. >
A physically based approach to 2–D shape blending

This paper presents a new afgorithm for smoothly blending between two 2-D polygonal shapes. The algorithm is based on a physical model wherein one of the shapes is considered to be constructed of wire, and a solution is found whereby the first shape can be bent and/or stretched into the second shape with a minimum amount of work. The resulting solution tends to associate regions on the two shapes which look alike. If the two polYgons have m and n vertices respectively, the afgorithm is O(mn). The algorithm avoids local shape inversions in whkh intermediate polygons self-intersect, if such a solution exists.
Study of direct PECVD SiN/sub x/-induced surface emitter and bulk defect passivation in p-type silicon solar cells

This paper shows that direct low-frequency (LF) deposition of SiN films at 425 /spl deg/C by PECVD followed by a conventional screen-printed contact firing cycle is more effective than a high-frequency (HF) SiN film deposited at 300 /spl deg/C in passivating both bulk defects and the emitter surface. The emitter saturation current density (J/sub oe/), was found to be higher for LF SiN compared to the HF SiN just after deposition. J/sub oe/ values for LF SiN reduced dramatically after contact firing to 100-200 fA/cm/sup 2/, well below the J/sub oe/ for HF SiN passivated emitters. Solar cells fabricated on float zone (FZ) Si and mc-Si grown by the heat exchanger method (HEM) yielded efficiencies as high as 17.2% and 16.8%, respectively, when coated with LF SiN. The enhanced cell performance is corroborated by a higher short wavelength IQE response in FZ and HEM cells and a higher post hydrogenation lifetime in HEM mc-Si cells coated with LF SiN.
Electron Energy Distribution Function Extraction Using Integrated Step Function Response and Regularization Methods

Recently, electron energy distribution function (EEDF) extraction techniques have been evaluated using regularized solutions to the integral problem. These techniques do not assume any mathematical representation of the EEDF and solve the integral problem for any function that best represents the EEDF. Also, unlike the more widely used point-by-point extraction of the second-derivative relationship, the integrated relationship between electron current and the EEDF is used, instead of a relatively small fraction of the integrated data in the point-by-point method. In this paper, the electron current for an arbitrary distribution function is derived, assuming that the distribution is a sum of step functions representing such a function. This technique for EEDF extraction is validated by adding noise to numerically generated data and using a regularized least squares (RLS) method to calculate the original function by solving for the individual step function contribution to the total electron current. Comparisons are then made between the expected and the reconstructed solution to evaluate its accuracy with respect to EEDF reconstruction and integrated normalization of the electron density.
lessen encodes a zebrafish Trap100 required for enteric nervous system development

The zebrafish enteric nervous system (ENS), like those of all other vertebrate species, is principally derived from the vagal neural crest. The developmental controls that govern the specification and patterning of the ENS are not well understood. To identify genes required for the formation of the vertebrate ENS, we preformed a genetic screen in zebrafish. We isolated the lessen (lsn) mutation that has a significant reduction in the number of ENS neurons as well as defects in other cranial neural crest derived structures. We show that the lsn gene encodes a zebrafish orthologue of Trap100, one of the subunits of the TRAP/mediator transcriptional regulation complex. A point mutation in trap100 causes a premature stop codon that truncates the protein, causing a loss of function. Antisense-mediated knockdown of trap100 causes an identical phenotype to lsn. During development trap100 is expressed in a dynamic tissue-specific expression pattern consistent with its function in ENS and jaw cartilage development. Analysis of neural crest markers revealed that the initial specification and migration of the neural crest is unaffected in lsn mutants. Phosphohistone H3 immunocytochemistry revealed that there is a significant reduction in proliferation of ENS precursors in lsn mutants. Using cell transplantation studies, we demonstrate that lsn/trap100 acts cell autonomously in the pharyngeal mesendoderm and influences the development of neural crest derived cartilages secondarily. Furthermore, we show that endoderm is essential for ENS development. These studies demonstrate that lsn/trap100 is not required for initial steps of cranial neural crest development and migration, but is essential for later proliferation of ENS precursors in the intestine.
The influence of a severe reservoir drawdown on springtime zooplankton and larval fish assemblages in Red Willow Reservoir, Nebraska

Reservoirs can be dynamic systems, often prone to unpredictable and extreme water-level fluctuations, and can be environments where survival is difficult for zooplankton and larval fish. Although numerous studies have examined the effects of extreme reservoir drawdown on water quality, few have examined extreme drawdown on both abiotic and biotic characteristics. A fissure in the dam at Red Willow Reservoir in southwest Nebraska necessitated an extreme drawdown; the water level was lowered more than 6 m during a two-month period, reducing reservoir volume by 76%. During the subsequent low-water period (i.e., post-drawdown), spring sampling (April–June) showed dissolved oxygen concentration was lower, while turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration were greater, relative to pre-drawdown conditions. Additionally, there was an overall increase in zooplankton density, although there were differences among taxa, and changes in mean size among taxa, relative to pre-drawdown conditions. Zooplankton assemblage co...
Postpartum Hypertension: "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over".

Although Yogi Berra may not have been thinking about postpartum hypertension when he first made this prescient observation, he pretty much nailed it. Older textbooks of obstetrics barely mention elevated blood pressure (BP) as a concern after delivery, and they even opine that, in the majority of cases of preeclampsia, the manifestations of the disease remit within 48 hours.1 We now know that in some women hypertension persists for weeks and even months after delivery,2 and that, if not addressed, postpartum hypertension may lead to lethal cerebrovascular sequelae.3 Article see p 1726 In the current issue of Circulation , Goel and colleagues4 extend our knowledge of the epidemiology and mechanisms of postpartum hypertension and report a high incidence (18.6%) in 988 consecutive women admitted to a tertiary medical center for cesarean delivery. They also report that the antepartum levels of angiogenic factors known to be relevant to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia,5 soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and placental growth factor (PlGF), and the ratio of sFlt1/PlGF, as well, were more likely to be abnormal in women who developed postpartum hypertension than in those who did not. Seventy-eight percent of the women were classified as normotensive before delivery (systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg) and 22% were diagnosed as being hypertensive (systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg). This high prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy is greater than the 8.3% figure reported by the 1998 to 2006 Nationwide Inpatient Sample in the United States6 and is likely attributable to the population being composed only of women who underwent a cesarean delivery. Twenty-three percent of the women with antepartum hypertension were diagnosed with preeclampsia, 60% with transient hypertension, 9.4% with gestational hypertension, and 7.5% with chronic …
The people's standoff.

The article discusses government censorship in China, with a focus on the role of social media in protests. Topics include the objection of editors of the periodical "Southern Weekend," on the Sina Weibo microblogging platform following censorship of its material, the response of Chinese President Xi Jinping and state authorities to the incident, and the political pressure that technology and the Internet places upon the Chinese Communist Party by empowering citizens to interact.
INTRODUCTION OF ARTERIAL SHEAR STRESS SCORE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CORONARY ARTERY HIGH-RISK PLAQUES AND CLINICAL EVENTS: A 3D OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY

Low endothelial shear stress (ESS) is associated with high-risk plaques (HRPs) in coronary arteries. We developed the arterial shear stress score, a global metric of the extent and severity of low ESS and investigated its association with the prevalence of HRPs and clinical events. 35 coronary
Electrochemical Skin Conductance in Autonomic Synucleinopathies (P5.115)

Objective: To compare ESC in patients with autonomic synucleinopathies and healthy controls and to evaluate its relationship to sympathetic adrenergic function. Background: Disorders of the autonomic nervous system may affect sweat production and result in abnormally low electrochemical skin conductance (ESC). ESC can be evaluated by applying a low direct voltage to the skin of the palms and soles, which generate a current based on sweat chloride concentrations. Methods: We assessed ninety-nine subjects: 59 patients with synucleinopathies (15 patients with multiple system atrophy [MSA], 20 patients with pure autonomic failure [PAF], 17 patients with Parkinson’s disease [PD] and 7 patients with REM sleep behavior disorder [RBD]) and 40 healthy controls. ESC was measured in micro-Siemens (μS) and categorized into normal (>60 μS); moderately decreased (60-40 μS); and severely decreased (<40 μS). Percent of asymmetry between the right and left ESC was also calculated. All subjects underwent medical assessments, neurological examination, and standardized autonomic testing with plasma measurements of norepinephrine in the supine and tilted positions. Results: ESC in both the palms and soles was significantly lower in MSA, PAF and RBD patients compared to controls (p=0.04). Asymmetry between right and left ESC measurements of palms and soles were significantly higher in MSA, PAF and PD than in controls. ESC in palms was positively correlated with the increase in norepinephrine from supine to head-up tilt (r= 0.363; p=0.005). ESC below 73.5 μS in the soles identified accurately 85[percnt] of patients with synucleinopathies. Asymmetry in ESC in the soles above 1.5 [percnt] identified 92[percnt] of patients with syncleinopathies, while asymmetry above 2.5[percnt] in the palms identified 87[percnt] of patients with syncleinopathies. Conclusions: ESC measured in palms and soles was both decreased and asymmetric in patients with synucleinopathies compared to controls. Decreased ESC is associated with impaired sympathetic adrenergic function. Disclosure: Dr. Kaufman has received personal compensation for activities with Lundbeck and Astra Zeneca as a Scientific Advisory Board member.Dr. Kaufman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Springer. Dr. Kaufman received has received rese Dr. Martinez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Palma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Percival has nothing to disclose.
Influence of Mounting Location and Number of Coupling Ground Wires on Characteristic of Lightning Protection for 500/220kV Quadruple-circuit Transmission Line on Same Tower

Mounting coupling ground wire is an effective lightning protection measure to reduce trip-out rate of back flashover,however,various mounting positions of coupling ground wire have different impacts on the lightning protection characteristics of transmission lines,especially the multi-circuit lines.We compared their protecting effect of setting single or two grounding wires in the middle of cross-arms at different heights,and analyzed the effects of mounting coupling ground wire on the center of different cross-arm aimed at 500/220 kV quadruple-circuit transmission lines.Moreover,in order to explore the mechanism of coupling grounding wires improving the protection characteristics in transmission lines,we compared and discussed the shunt coefficients of tower,ground wire and coupling ground wire and the coupling coefficient in the condition of various mounting positions.The results indicate that the effect of protecting conductor wire is better when the coupling ground wire is closer to the conductor.The shunt coefficient of single coupling ground wire can reach 2%~7%,and the shunt coefficient of double coupling ground wires can reach 5%~14%.Mounting coupling grounding wires can effectively increase the coupling coefficient.
Block Newton Method for Power Flow Calculation Based on Grid Partitioning

In order to expedite power flow calculation and solve the problem of inadequate scalability and flexibility as well as massive computation in traditional power flow algorithm,a new block Newton method for power flow study based on grid partitioning is proposed.The characteristic of this method is that power grid is partitioned into several sub-networks by selecting interconnected links;the load flow equations for each sub-network are constituted individually.And then,a series of processes including linear transformation,simultaneous solution and back substitution are used to transform the high-dimension linear equation of entire electric network into several relatively low-dimension linear equations.This method is easy to be implemented in a parallel mode,but preserves the precision and convergence of traditional Newton load flow method.The study on the test power systems shows the potential parallel-computation advantage of the proposed method,and the larger the network,the more obvious the advantage.The new method effectively improves the efficiency of power flow calculation.
Results of pre-service health examination of noise exposed workers in Changshu City

[Objective]To understand the health status of workers receiving pre-service health examination in Changshu City,to understand the abnormal index detection so as to implement targeted health education and disease control.[Methods]According to GBZ 188-2007 occupational health surveillance technical specifications,1 901 noise exposed workers(male 1 539,female 362) were performed pre-service health examination.[Results] The rate of hearing loss was not significantly different between genders(P =0.12),but the differences of abnormal rates of ECG,liver function,blood routine examination,blood pressure were significant(P 0.01).The abnormal rates were significantly different between genders(P 0.01).The threshold of sound at 2 000 Hz and 3 000 Hz was not significantly different between genders,while significantly different at 1 000 Hz,4 000 Hz and 6 000 Hz(P 0.01).[Conclusion]It is necessary to enhance the health examination of noise exposed workers,to early detect occupational contraindications,to obtain basic information of hearing,to observe the hearing changes,to early detect hearing loss and adopt effective measures immediately.
Epidemiological and Environmental Surveillance: Reasoning About Environmental Pathogens

John Arbuthnot simultaneously called for the collection of data that would reveal the elements of the environment-disease association, and explained some of the conclusions that could be drawn in advance of the data collection. Later environmentalists collected data, and believed that it pointed up associations. No one seriously doubted the theory of environmental influences upon disease, and physicians who found themselves little interested in this association, such as Boerhaave, did not doubt environmentalism. Rather they concerned themselves preeminently with individual rather than large-group manifestations of disease.
Repression of the Chromatin-Tethering Domain of Murine Leukemia Virus p12.

Murine leukemia virus (MLV) p12, encoded within Gag, binds the viral preintegration complex (PIC) to the mitotic chromatin. This acts to anchor the viral PIC in the nucleus as the nuclear envelope re-forms postmitosis. Mutations within the p12 C terminus (p12 PM13 to PM15) block early stages in viral replication. Within the p12 PM13 region (p12 60PSPMA65), our studies indicated that chromatin tethering was not detected when the wild-type (WT) p12 protein (M63) was expressed as a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion; however, constructs bearing p12-I63 were tethered. N-terminal truncations of the activated p12-I63-GFP indicated that tethering increased further upon deletion of p12 25DLLTEDPPPY34, which includes the late domain required for viral assembly. The p12 PM15 sequence (p12 70RREPP74) is critical for wild-type viral viability; however, virions bearing the PM15 mutation (p12 70AAAAA74) with a second M63I mutant were viable, with a titer 18-fold lower than that of the WT. The p12 M63I mutation amplified chromatin tethering and compensated for the loss of chromatin binding of p12 PM15. Rescue of the p12-M63-PM15 nonviable mutant with prototype foamy virus (PFV) and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) tethering sequences confirmed the function of p1270-74 in chromatin binding. Minimally, full-strength tethering was seen with only p12 61SPIASRLRGRR71 fused to GFP. These results indicate that the p12 C terminus alone is sufficient for chromatin binding and that the presence of the p12 25DLLTEDPPPY34 motif in the N terminus suppresses the ability to tether. IMPORTANCE This study defines a regulatory mechanism controlling the differential roles of the MLV p12 protein in early and late replication. During viral assembly and egress, the late domain within the p12 N terminus functions to bind host vesicle release factors. During viral entry, the C terminus of p12 is required for tethering to host mitotic chromosomes. Our studies indicate that the p12 domain including the PPPY late sequence temporally represses the p12 chromatin tethering motif. Maximal p12 tethering was identified with only an 11-amino-acid minimal chromatin tethering motif encoded at p1261-71 Within this region, the p12-M63I substitution switches p12 into a tethering-competent state, partially rescuing the p12-PM15 tethering mutant. A model for how this conformational change regulates early versus late functions is presented.
A comparison of bipolar technologies for linear handset power amplifier applications

This work evaluates four bipolar technologies that are currently competing to become, or remain as, the preferred bipolar technology for the commercial development of linear handset power amplifier modules. The four technologies are: GaAs HBT, Si BJT, SiGe HBT, and InP HBT. The purpose of this work is to evaluate each of these competing technologies in terms of linear handset PA requirements (i.e. P/sub OUT/, ACPR, PAE, P/sub GAIN/, and ruggedness).
“Come Buy, Come Buy!”: Christina Rossetti and the Victorian Animal Market

This chapter examines connections between the objectification and exchange of women and animals in the later nineteenth century, considering the relationship between Christina Rossetti’s work with the Highgate Home for Fallen Women and her later opposition to vivisection. Her most famous poem, “Goblin Market,” reveals her fascination for exotic creatures, but also suggests that she was sensitive to the ways such animals could be regarded as mere objects. With her increasing concern over the plight of women and animals in the nineteenth century, Rossetti became increasingly wary of the ways in which male spectators exploited both groups. Rossetti’s concerns are representative of the many fruitful ways in which campaigns for social justice for humans and animals were mutually reinforcing, building on shared experiences of marginalization and exploitation.
Observing the Universe

Astronomy is an ongoing, cumulative science in which astronomers either discover previously unseen constituents of the observable universe or determine physical properties of known ones. They measure the mass, luminosity, distance, size, chemical composition, motion, and magnetic fields of planets, stars, galaxies, and their surroundings.
CHAPTER 14 – Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides

Exposure to pesticides is inherent in most agriculture-related occupations, and studies on pesticide use and pregnancy outcome generally focus on birth defects and the effects on the reproductive system. The endpoints investigated cover a broad range, including early and late fetal loss, alteration in gestational age at delivery, formation of terata (birth defects), infant/child morbidity and mortality, male/female sexual dysfunction, sperm abnormalities, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and illness during pregnancy and parturition. Pesticides acting on the developing organism or on the reproductive system may produce adverse effects by one of several mechanisms. They may be direct-acting by being chemically reactive and cause germ cell destruction (for example, alkylating agents) or exert their effects due to their structural similarity to endogenous molecules (for example, hormone agonists/antagonists, such as phytoestrogens). They could also act indirectly and interrupt reproduction by metabolism to a direct-acting compound or reactive intermediate, via endocrine alterations such as increased/decreased steroid clearance, and by stimulating or inhibiting neuroendocrine responses at the level of the hypothalamus or pituitary. This chapter reviews the available data on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of several pesticides, including insecticides such as organophosphates, organochlorines, and chlorinated cyclodienes; herbicides such as dinoseb, bromoxynil, and chlorphenoxy compounds; fungicides such as benomyl, hexachlorobenzene, and pentachlorophenol; animal health pesticides; and rodenticides.
Daratumumab yields rapid and deep hematologic responses in patients with heavily pretreated AL amyloidosis

The majority of patients with immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (AL) fail to achieve a complete response (CR) to standard light chain suppressive chemotherapy, and almost all patients eventually experience hematologic relapse and progression of organ involvement. Additional well-tolerated treatment options are needed. We present our retrospective experience of 25 consecutive previously treated AL patients who received daratumumab, a CD38-directed monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Daratumumab was administered at 16 mg/kg weekly for 8 weeks, then every 2 weeks for 8 doses, and then every 4 weeks. Patients had received a median of 3 prior lines of therapy, with a previous hematologic CR in only 5 patients. The overall hematologic response rate to daratumumab was 76%, including CR in 36% and very good partial response in 24%. Median time to response was 1 month. Therapy was well tolerated, even among the 72% of patients with cardiac AL involvement. Grade 1-2 infusion reactions occurred in 15 patients, but no grade 3 or 4 reactions were observed. Daratumumab is a highly effective agent that produced rapid and deep hematologic responses without unexpected toxicity in our cohort of heavily pretreated AL patients.
Neck and Facial Structures

This chapter deals with disease processes, both benign and malignant, involving the facial bones, paranasal sinuses, orbits, mouth, salivary glands, and respiratory system proximal to the trachea (pharynx and larynx). Prior to the advent of newer noninvasive imaging modalities the radiographic evaluation of these structures had been largely limited to plain-film tomography or more invasive contrast studies such as sialography, laryngography, and, occasionally, angiography or venography in limited circumstances.