cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Filling invariants at infinity and the Euclidean rank of Hadamard spaces

In this paper we study a homological version of the asymptotic filling invariant divk defined by Brady and Farb in [BrFa] and show that it is a quasi-isometry invariant for all proper cocompact Hadamard spaces, i.e. proper cocompact CAT(0)-spaces, and that it can furthermore be used to detect the Euclidean rank of such spaces. We thereby extend results of [BrFa, Leu, Hin] from the setting of symmetric spaces of non-compact type to that of Hadamard spaces. Finally, we exhibit the optimal growth of the k-th homological divergence for symmetric spaces of non-compact type with Euclidean rank no larger than k and for CAT(κ)-spaces with κ < 0.
A Cometary Bow Shock and Mid-Infrared Emission Variations Revealed in Spitzer Observations of HD 34078 and IC 405*

We present new infrared observations of the emission/reflection nebula IC 405 obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Infrared images in the four IRAC bands (3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 ?m) and two MIPS bands (24 and 70 ?m) are complemented by IRS spectroscopy (5-30 ?m) of two nebular filaments. The IRAC (8.0 ?m) and MIPS imaging shows evidence of a bow shock associated with the runaway O9.5 V star, HD 34078, created by the interaction between the star and nebular material. The ratio of emission at 24 to 70 ?m is higher in the immediate vicinity of HD 34078 than in the outer filaments, providing evidence for elevated dust temperatures (Td 90 K) in the shock region. The nebular imaging reveals that the morphology is band dependent, with varying contributions from aromatic emission features, H2, and dust emission. Nebular spectroscopy is used to quantify these contributions, showing several aromatic emission bands between 6-14 ?m, the S(5), S(3), S(2), and S(1) pure rotational emission lines of H2, and atomic fine-structure lines of Ne, S, and Ar. The low-dispersion spectra provide constraints on the ionization state of the large molecules responsible for the aromatic infrared features. H2 rotational temperatures of the two bright nebular filaments are determined from the observed line strengths. An average T(H2) ~ 400 K is inferred, with evidence for additional nonuniform excitation by UV photons in the intense radiation field of HD 34078. The photoexcitation hypothesis is supported by direct measurement of the far-UV H2 fluorescence spectrum, obtained with FUSE.
KNOTS AND PREONS

It is shown that the four quantum trefoil solitons that are described by the irreducible representations of the quantum algebra SLq(2) [and that may be identified with the four families of elementary fermions (e, μ, τ; νeνμντ;d, s, b; u, c, t)] may be built out of three preons, chosen from two charged preons with charges (1/3, -1/3) and two neutral preons. These preons are fermions and are described by the representation of SLq(2). There are also four bosonic preons described by the and representations of SLq(2). The knotted standard theory may be replicated at the preon level and the conjectured particles are in principle indirectly observable.
The Dark Side of the Earth

Wood's The Dark Side of the Earth is another addition to the growing list of books on the recent revolution in the earth sciences. Wood rightly points out that any new book on the topic should break new ground. In the preface, he writes of himself and his book that he has benefited from previous accounts by saving himself research time, and that his book, unlike others, “attempts to tell one complete story of the study of the Earth, geologists, geophysicists, dreamers and all” (p. vi). Wood is ambitious, for his work covers much of 19th-century geology as well as the development, reception, rejection, and eventual acceptance of mobilist ideas. Before discussing the work of the German meteorologist and geophysicist Alfred L. Wegener, American glacial geomorphologist Frank Taylor, and several of their predecessors who proposed “mobilist” ideas, he manages to string together brief descriptions of the contributions of (among others) German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner, British geologists James Hutten and John Playfair, British engineer William Smith, British geologist Charles Lyell, American geologists James Hall and James Dwight Dana, British volcanologist William Lowthian Green, American geologist Grove Karl Gilbert, French geologist Elie de Beaumont, British geologist and mathematician Osmond Fisher, American geologist Clarence Dutton, British mathematician and physicist Lord Kelvin, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess, French geologist Marcel Bertrand, and American geologist Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. Moreover, Wood offers an interesting thesis about the revolution in the earth sciences. He claims that the real revolution was not the replacement of fixist views with the mobilist ones of sea floor spreading and plate tectonics, but rather the replacement of geology with the new discipline of the earth sciences in which geophysics and geochemistry play the central role.
Fluid Mass Associated with an Axisymmetric Parachute Canopy

An analytical technique for calculating the fluid mass associated with parachute canopies of arbitrary axisymmetric cross section operating in an in viscid, incompressible fluid is presented. The effects of porosity, both nominal and geometric, are included. The procedure replaces the physical parachute canopy with a mathematical vortex sheet of a strength which is determined through application of velocity boundary conditions. The strength then is used to find the fluid kinetic energy. Equating this energy to the system translational kinetic energy gives the mass in question. Final and intermediate results compare favorably with those of previous analysis and experiment. I. Introduction K NOWLEDGE of the air mass associated with the trajectory of a parachute canopy is required to describe that trajectory analytically. Because of the complexities associated with typical canopy geometries and the porous nature of their surfaces, computations in the past have relied very heavily upon experimental determination of this mass. This paper details a procedure for calculating the sum of included and additional mass inherent in the axial motion of parachutes with arbitrary axisymmetric cross sections. II. Analysis Lambl gives the kinetic energy of a stream of vortex rings immersed in an incompressible, inviscid fluid which is at rest at infinity as
Flowfield Analysis for Successive Oblique Shock Wave-Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions

A computation procedure is described for predicting the flowfields which develop when successive interactions between oblique shock waves and a turbulent boundary layer occur. Such interactions may occur, for example, in engine inlets for supersonic aircraft. Computations are carried out for axisymmetric internal flows at M 3.82 and 2.82. The effect of boundary layer bleed is considered for the M 2.82 flow. A control volume analysis is used to predict changes in the flow field across the interactions. Two bleed flow models have been considered. A turbulent boundary layer program is used to compute changes in the boundary layer between the interactions. The results given are for flows with two shock wave interactions and for bleed at the second interaction site. In principle the method described may be extended to account for additional interactions. The predicted results are compared with measured results and are shown to be in good agreement when the bleed flow rate is low (on the order of 3% of the boundary layer mass flow), or when there is no bleed. As the bleed flow rate is increased, differences between the predicted and measured results become larger. Shortcomings of the bleed flow models at higher bleed flow rates are discussed.
Spikes in the relic graviton background from quintessential inflation

The energy spectra of gravitational waves (GWs) produced in quintessential inflationary models increase in frequency and exhibit a sharp spike around 170 GHz where the associated fraction of critical energy density presently stored in relic gravitons is of the order of 10-6. The maximal energy density present (today) in the stochastic GW background of quintessential origin is mainly constrained by the consistency with the (homogeneous and isotropic) big-bang nucleosynthesis scenario. We contrast our findings with the spectra of ordinary inflationary models and we comment on possible detection strategies for the spike.
Rayleigh scattering boosted multi-GHz displacement sensitivity in whispering gallery opto-mechanical resonators

Finite photon lifetimes for light fields in an opto-mechanical cavity impose a bandwidth limit on displacement sensing at mechanical resonance frequencies beyond the loaded cavity photon decay rate. Opto-mechanical modulation efficiency can be enhanced via multi-GHz transduction techniques such as piezo-opto-mechanics at the cost of on-chip integration. In this paper, we present a novel high bandwidth displacement sense scheme employing Rayleigh scattering in photonic resonators. Using this technique in conjunction with on-chip electrostatic drive in silicon enables efficient modulation at frequencies up to 9.1GHz. Being independent of the drive mechanism, this scheme could readily be extended to piezo-opto-mechanical and all optical transduced systems.
Market Efficiency, Bounded Rationality, and Supplemental Business Reporting Disclosures

The AICPA Special Committee on Financial Reporting has urged disclosure of relevant forward-looking information on risks and opportunities to supplement conventional financial statements. We conduct a laboratory market experiment to assess the effects of such disclosures on capital allocation decisions. We develop two sets of competing hypotheses regarding how capital markets react to supplemental disclosures. One set is based on the assumption of semi-strong market efficiency, while the other posits that the bounded rationality of individual traders leads to inefficient market prices. We find that explicit disclosure of management’s best estimate of an uncertain quantity improves market efficiency, even though this disclosure is redundant with information in financial statements. Second, we find disclosure of an upper bound of management’s estimate has the potential to bias security prices upward, while informationally equivalent disclosure of both upper and lower bounds removes this bias. These results suggest that experimental market reactions to these supplemental disclosures are inconsistent with market efficiency. Supplemental analyses of individuals’ price predictions and trading behavior support our conclusion that inefficiencies are at least partially attributable to individual information processing biases.
A Sublinear Variance Bound for Solutions of a Random Hamilton–Jacobi Equation

We estimate the variance of the value function for a random optimal control problem. The value function is the solution wϵ of a Hamilton–Jacobi equation with random Hamiltonian H(p,x,ω)=K(p)−V(x/ϵ,ω) in dimension d≥2. It is known that homogenization occurs as ϵ→0, but little is known about the statistical fluctuations of wϵ. Our main result shows that the variance of the solution wϵ is bounded by O(ϵ/|logϵ|). The proof relies on a modified Poincare inequality of Talagrand.
Damping Pressure Pulsations in a Wave-Powered Desalination System

Wave-driven reverse osmosis desalination systems can be a cost-effective option for providing a safe and reliable source of drinking water for large coastal communities. Such systems usually require the stabilization of pulsating pressures for desalination purposes. The key challenge is to convert a fluctuating pressure flow into a constant pressure flow. To address this task, stub-filters, accumulators, and radially elastic-pipes are considered for smoothing the pressure fluctuations in the flow. An analytical model for fluidic capacitance of accumulators and elastic pipes are derived and verified. Commercially available accumulators in combination with essentially rigid (and low cost) piping are found to be a cost-effective solution for this application, and a model for selecting accumulators with the required fluidic-capacitance for the intended system is thus presented.
A novel synthesis of pyrromethenones

Abstract Pyrromethenones are prepared by a process involving acylation of an N-aminopyrrole with a suitable acetylenic acid,followed by sequential 5-exo-dig cyclization and 3,5-sigmatropic shift.
Simulation of Near-Ground Long-Distance Radiowave Propagation Over Terrain Using NystrÖm Method With Phase Extraction Technique and FMM-Acceleration

A 2D surface integral equation-based NystrOumlm solver in which a phase extraction technique is utilized to reduce the number of surface unknowns is described. As forward scattering is the dominant mechanism for the near-ground wave propagation scenario, the associated rapidly-varying phase components of the integral equation kernel and solution unknowns are deduced and isolated in advance and subsequently built into the solver. It is shown that by applying this method, when combining with an adaptive surface segmentation routine, as few as one to two average unknowns per wavelength is adequate in obtaining accurate solutions. This significantly reduces the memory storage and computational expense for the simulation of long-distance propagation effects. The efficiency of this method is further improved by incorporating it into the framework of the fast multipole scheme. The full details of the algorithm are discussed, along with performance comparisons of the new solver to a regular NystrOumlm solver for terrain surfaces in terms of solution convergence.
Phenylene Ethynylene Diazonium Salts as Potential Self-Assembling Molecular Devices

[reaction: see text]. Functionalized diazonium salts for molecular electronic devices are prepared by the reaction of the corresponding anilines with NOBF4 in sulfolane-acetonitrile solvent.
Control of wind turbines using memory-based method

Abstract Control can improve the dynamic performance of wind turbines. This work investigates the memory-based method for variable speed control of wind turbines. The main idea behind this approach is to use certain gathered information such as past and recent rotor speed as well as previous control experience to generate new control action. Both theoretical and simulation studies show that this method, when applied to pitch control of wind turbines, is able to ensure stable tracking of rotor speed under varying operation conditions.
Multivariable Bohr inequalities

Operator-valued multivariable Bohr type inequalities are obtained for: (i) a class of noncommutative holomorphic functions on the open unit ball of , generalizing the analytic functions on the open unit disc; (ii) the noncommutative disc algebra and the noncommutative analytic Toeplitz algebra ; (iii) a class of noncommutative selfadjoint harmonic functions on the open unit ball of , generalizing the real-valued harmonic functions on the open unit disc; (iv) the Cuntz-Toeplitz algebra , the reduced (resp. full) group -algebra (resp. ) of the free group with generators; (v) a class of analytic functions on the open unit ball of . The classical Bohr inequality is shown to be a consequence of Fejer's inequality for the coefficients of positive trigonometric polynomials and Haager- up-de la Harpe inequality for nilpotent operators. Moreover, we provide an inequality which, for analytic polynomials on the open unit disc, is sharper than Bohr's inequality.
Synthesis of didemnolines A-D, N9-substituted β-carboline alkaloids from the marine ascidian Didemnum sp.

Didemnolines A-D (1–4) were synthesized and their structures were confirmed through comparisons of data for the synthetic material with those obtained for natural 1–4. The synthesis of didemnolines A (1) and C (3) involved the coupling of 1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-4-chloromethyl-5-(thiomethyl)imidazole (6) with 7-bromo-β-carboline (5), while didemnolines B (2) and D (4) were formed through the analogous coupling of 6 with norharmon (7). Intermediate 6 was efficiently prepared from 1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-2,4,5-tribromoimidazole using a sequential one-pot halogen-metal exchange reaction and 7-Br-β-carboline was synthesized using a new approach.
Did ice streams carve Martian outflow channels

Outflow channels on Mars are long sinuous linear depressions that occur mostly in the equatorial area (+ or - 30 deg latitude). They differ from small valley networks by being larger and arising full-born from chaotic terrains. Outflow channels resemble terrestrial stream beds, and their origin has generally been attributed to water in catastrophic floods or mudflows. The problem of channel origin is examined here from the perspective of erosional characteristics and the resultant landforms created by former and present-day ice streams and glaciers on earth. From morphologic comparisons, an ice-stream origin seems equally well suited to explain the occurrences and form of the outflow channels on Mars, and in contrast with the hydraulic hypothesis, ice streams and ice sheets produce terrestrial features of the same scale as those observed on Mars.
Infrared divergences and non-lightlike eikonal lines in Sudakov processes

We propose a method to analyze infrared contributions to non-inclusive processes in QCD. We use the one-loop Sudakov form factor as a working example. Borrowing techniques from renormalization theory, we construct counterterms for the contributions from the soft and collinear regions, and we relate them to eikonal Wilson lines taken along non-lightlike directions.
Quantisation of Second Class Systems in the Batalin-Tyutin Formalism

Abstract We review the Batalin-Tyutin approach of quantising second class systems which consists in enlarging the phase space to convert such systems into first class. The quantisation of first class systems, it may be mentioned, is already well founded. We show how the usual Batalin-Tyutin analysis may be generalised, particularly if one is dealing with nonabelian theories. In order to gain a deeper insight into the formalism we have considered two specific examples of second class theories-the massive Maxwell theory (Proca model) and its nonabelian extension. The first class constraints and the involutive Hamiltonian are explicitly constructed. The connection of our Hamiltonian approach with the usual Lagrangian formalism is elucidated. For the Proca model we reveal the importance of a boundary term which plays a significant role in establishing an exact identification of the extra fields in the Batalin-Tyutin approach with the Stuckelberg scalar. Some comments are also made concerning the corresponding identification in the nonabelian example.
In Defense of Imperative Inference

“Surrender; therefore, surrender or fight” is apparently an argument corresponding to an inference from an imperative to an imperative. Several philosophers, however (Williams 1963; Wedeking 1970; Harrison 1991; Hansen 2008), have denied that imperative inferences exist, arguing that (1) no such inferences occur in everyday life, (2) imperatives cannot be premises or conclusions of inferences because it makes no sense to say, for example, “since surrender” or “it follows that surrender or fight”, and (3) distinct imperatives have conflicting permissive presuppositions (“surrender or fight” permits you to fight without surrendering, but “surrender” does not), so issuing distinct imperatives amounts to changing one’s mind and thus cannot be construed as making an inference. In response I argue inter alia that, on a reasonable understanding of ‘inference’, some everyday-life inferences do have imperatives as premises and conclusions, and that issuing imperatives with conflicting permissive presuppositions does not amount to changing one’s mind.
New orientifold weak coupling limits in F-theory

We present new explicit constructions of weak coupling limits of F-theory generalizing Sen’s construction to elliptic fibrations which are not necessary given in a Weierstrass form. These new constructions allow for an elegant derivation of several brane configurations that do not occur within the original framework of Sen’s limit, or which would require complicated geometric tuning or break supersymmetry. Our approach is streamlined by first deriving a simple geometric interpretation of Sen’s weak coupling limit. This leads to a natural way of organizing all such limits in terms of transitions from semistable to unstable singular fibers. These constructions provide a new playground for model builders as they enlarge the number of supersymmetric configurations that can be constructed in F-theory. We present several explicit examples for E 8, E 7 and E 6 elliptic fibrations.
Utility-Based Resource Overbooking for Cyber-Physical Systems

Traditional hard real-time scheduling algorithms require the use of the worst-case execution times to guarantee that deadlines will be met. Unfortunately, many algorithms with parameters derived from sensing the physical world suffer large variations in execution time, leading to pessimistic overall utilization, such as visual recognition tasks. In this article, we present ZS-QRAM, a scheduling approach that enables the use of flexible execution times and application-derived utility to tasks in order to maximize total system utility. In particular, we provide a detailed description of the algorithm, the formal proofs for its temporal protection, and a detailed, evaluation. Our evaluation uses the Utility Degradation Resilience (UDR) showing that ZS-QRAM is able to obtain 4× as much UDR as ZSRM, a previous overbooking approach, and almost 2× as much UDR as Rate-Monotonic with Period Transformation (RM/TP). We then evaluate a Linux kernel module implementation of our scheduler on an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) platform. We show that, by using our approach, we are able to keep the tasks that render the most utility by degrading lower-utility ones even in the presence of highly dynamic execution times.
Persons with severe mental illness in jails and prisons: A review

One of the greatest problems of deinstitutionalization has been the very large number of persons with severe mental illness who have entered the criminal justice system instead of the mental health system.
On the generalized Legendre transform and monopole metrics

In the generalized Legendre transform construction the Kahler potential is related to a particular function. Here, the form of this function appropriate to the k-monopole metric is calculated from the known twistor theory of monopoles.
Automated control of concurrency in multi-user hierarchical information systems

This paper presents a systematic approach to providing a high degree of concurrent access to information in hierarchically structured systems. An algorithm is presented which is designed to operate on the procedures and tree-structured information of two adjacent levels. The algorithm analyzes the procedure and structure refinements and generates the appropriate monitor calls to increase the degree of concurrent access. Assuming the initial level is correct, the refined system remains deadlock free, the integrity of the information is preserved, and individual procedures are checked for determinacy. Graph structured models are used to illustrate examples and definitions.
Using Author Topic to detect insider threats from email traffic

One means of preventing insider theft is by stopping potential insiders from becoming actual thieves. This article discusses an approach to assist managers in identifying potential insider threats. By using the Author Topic [Rosen-Zvi Michal, Griffiths Thomas, Steyvers Mark, Smyth Padhraic. The author-topic model for authors and documents. In: Proceedings of the 20th conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence; 2004. p. 487-94.] clustering algorithm, we discern employees' interests from their daily emails. These interests then provide a means to create an implicit and an explicit social network graph. This approach locates potential insiders by finding individuals who either (1) feel alienated from the organization (a key warning sign of a possible disgruntled worker) or (2) have a hidden interest in a sensitive (e.g. proprietary or classified) topic. In both cases, this is revealed when someone demonstrates an interest in a topic but does not share that interest with anyone in the organization. By applying this technique to the Enron email corpus, we produce coherent, sensible topics and reveal Sherron Watkins, the famous Enron whistleblower, as a potential insider threat from the viewpoint of the individuals behind the Enron scandal.
The influence of peak-locking errors on turbulence statistics computed from PIV ensembles

The influence of peak-locking errors on turbulence statistics computed from ensembles of PIV data is considered. PIV measurements are made in the streamwise–wall-normal plane of turbulent channel flow. The PIV images are interrogated in three distinct ways, generating ensembles of velocity fields with absolute, moderate, and minimal peak locking. Turbulence statistics computed for all three ensembles of data indicate a general sensitivity to peak locking in the single-point statistics, except for the mean velocity profile. Peak-locking errors propagate into the fluctuations of velocity, rendering single-point statistics inaccurate when severe peak locking is present. Multi-point correlations of both streamwise and wall-normal velocity are also found to be influenced by severe levels of peak locking. The displacement range of the measurement, defined by the PIV time delay, appears to affect the influence of peak-locking errors on turbulence statistics. Smaller displacement ranges, particularly those that produce displacement fluctuations that are less than one pixel in magnitude, yield inaccurate turbulence statistics in the presence of peak locking.
Calculation of reattaching shear layers in divergent channel with a multiple-time-scale turbulence model

Numerical calculations of turbulent reattaching shear layers in a divergent channel are presented. The turbulence is described by a multiple-time-scale turbulence model. The turbulent flow equations are solved by a control-volume based finite difference method. The computational results are compared with those obtained using k-epsilon turbulence models and algebraic Reynolds stress turbulence models. It is shown that the multiple-time-scale turbulence model yields significantly improved computational results than the other turbulence models in the region where the turbulence is in a strongly inequilibrium state.
Pair Creation in the Pulsar Magnetosphere

We present numerical simulations of the electron-positron plasma creation process in a simple neutron star magnetosphere. We have developed a set of cascade "kernels," which represent the endpoint of the pair cascades resulting from monoenergetic photon seeds. We explore two popular models by convolving these kernels with the seed photon distributions produced by curvature radiation and by inverse Compton scattering. We find that the pair plasma in either case is well described in its rest frame by a relativistic Maxwellian distribution with temperature near mc2/kB. We present cascade multiplicities and efficiencies for a range of seed particle energies and stellar magnetic fields. We find that the efficiencies and multiplicities of pair creation are often lower than has been assumed in previous work.
Pathologic variables and adjuvant therapy as predictors of recurrence and survival for patients with surgically evaluated carcinosarcoma of the uterus

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine clinicopathologic variables associated with extrauterine disease, recurrence, and survival in patients with carcinosarcoma (CS) of the uterus. METHODS Patients believed to have disease confined to the uterine corpus who underwent primary surgical assessment were identified and data retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Occult metastases were found in 38 (61%) of 62 patients. At last follow-up, 31 (50%) had had recurrence, with an extrapelvic component in 43%, and 53% had died. Depth of myometrial invasion and lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) were associated with extrauterine disease. Five-year survival for patients with disease confined to the corpus (74%) was significantly greater than for those with more advanced disease (24%, P = 0.0013). Factors associated with recurrence and survival included depth of myometrial invasion, LVSI, adnexal and serosal involvement, positive cytology, and lymph node metastases. Of 24 patients with uterine disease only, 11 received no adjuvant therapy, yet 8 (73%) were free of disease at last follow-up. Neither adjuvant radiotherapy nor chemotherapy was identified as an independent prognostic variable for recurrence or survival. CONCLUSIONS More than half of patients with CS clinically confined to the uterine corpus harbor occult metastases in a pattern similar to that found with endometrial carcinoma. Survival is significantly diminished for this group. Although the benefit of adjuvant therapy cannot be demonstrated by this study, a number of early stage patients survive without adjuvant therapy. This argues for extending the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics endometrial carcinoma surgical staging system to include CS, and also for conducting prospective trials to examine the benefits of adjuvant therapy for patients with early stage disease. Cancer 2000;88:2782–6. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Ocular penetration of intravenously administered enrofloxacin in the horse.

Summary Reason for performing study: Information on antibiotic concentrations in the equine eye following systemic therapy is limited. Reports that Leptospira spp. are frequently present in the eyes of horses with recurrent uveitis, emphasises a need for studies on ocular concentrations of specific antibiotics. Hypotheses: 1) Enrofloxacin, administered i.v. at 7.5 mg/kg bwt q. 24 h, results in aqueous humour concentrations greater than the reported minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Leptospira pomona. 2) Aqueous humour paracentesis sufficiently disrupts the blood-aqueous humour barrier (BAB) to cause an increase in aqueous humour protein and enrofloxacin concentrations. Methods: Aqueous humour enrofloxacin and total protein concentrations were determined in 6 healthy, mature horses after i.v. administration of enrofloxacin. Paracentesis was performed on the left eye on Days 3 and 4, one hour following enrofloxacin administration, to determine enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy eyes and in eyes with mechanical disruption of the BAB. Paracentesis was also performed on the right eye 23 h after enrofloxacin administration. Blood samples were collected from the horses at identical times to determine enrofloxacin aqueous humour:plasma ratios. Results: Mean ± s.d. enrofloxacin concentration in the aqueous humour one hour post administration on Day 3 was 0.32 ± 0.10 mg/l (range 0.18-0.47); and aqueous humour enrofloxacin, total protein and aqueous humour:plasma enrofloxacin ratios were higher on Day 4 than Day 3. Conclusions and potential relevance: Following disruption of the BAB, enrofloxacin concentrations were above the reported MIC for Leptospira pomona.
Reaction of thianthrene cation radical with alcohols: Cyclohexanols

Abstract Cyclohexanol ( 1 ), 4-methylcyclohexanol ( 2 ), 4- tert -butylcyclohexanol ( 3 ), cis -2-methyl- ( 4 ) and trans -2-methylcyclohexanol ( 5 ) reacted cleanly with thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (Th .+ ClO 4 − ) in the presence of 2,6-di- tert -butyl-4-methylpyridine (DTBMP). The alcohols were converted quantitatively into cyclohexenes, while Th .+ was converted quantitatively into thianthrene (Th) and thianthrene 5-oxide (ThO). The oxygen atom of ThO came from the alcohol, as was demonstrated with the use of [ 18 O]cyclohexanol.
Microwave ferrites, part 2: passive components and electrical tuning

Low-loss ferrimagnets are the basis for passive microwave components operating in a wide range of frequencies. The magnetic resonances of passive components can be tuned using static magnetic fields over a wide frequency range, where higher operation frequencies require higher magnetic bias unless hexaferrites with large crystalline anisotropy are used. However, electrical tuning of the operation frequency, which can be achieved if the magnetic property of the material is sensitive to the field through magnetoelectric (ME) coupling, is more attractive than magnetic tuning. In the so-called multiferroic materials such as TbMnO3, TbMn2O5, BiFeO3, Cr2O3, and BiMnO3, which possess simultaneously both the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, ME coupling is very small to be practical. The ME effect, however, can be significantly enhanced in the case of bilayer/multilayer structures with one constituent highly piezoelectric, such as Pb(Zr1 − xTix)O3 (PZT) and 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMN-PT), and the other highly ferromagnetic, opening up the possibility for a whole host of tunable microwave passive components. In such structures, the strain induced by the electric field applied across the piezoelectric material is transferred mechanically to the magnetic material, which then experiences a change in its magnetic permeability through magnetostriction. Additionally, electrical tuning coupled with high dielectric permittivity and magnetic susceptibility could lead to miniature microwave components and/or make operation at very high frequencies possible without the need for increased size and weight common in conventional approaches. In Part 1 of this review, fundamentals of ferrite materials, interconnecting chemical, structural, and magnetic properties with the treatment of various types of ferrites used in microwave systems are discussed. Part 2 discusses the basis for coupling between electrical and magnetic properties for highly attractive electrical tuning of passive components by combining piezoelectric materials with ferrites and various device applications of ferrites.
Three Online Neutron Beam Experiments Based on the iLab Shared Architecture

Students at MIT have traditionally executed certain experiments in the containment building of the MIT nuclear reactor as part of courses in Nuclear Engineering and the third year laboratory course for Physics majors. A joint team of faculty and research staff from the MIT Nuclear Reactor Laboratory (MIT-NRL) and MIT's Center for Educational Computing Initiatives have implemented online versions of three classic experiments; (a) a determination of MIT reactor coolant temperature through measurement of thermal neutron velocity, (b) a demonstration of the DeBroglie relationship of the kinetic energy and momentum of thermal neutrons and study of Bragg diffraction through a single copper crystal at various orientations, and (c) a measurement of beam depletion using a variety of shielding filters. These online experiments were implemented using the LabVIEW® virtual instrumentation package and the interactive version of the iLab Shared Architecture (ISA). Initial assessment of the online experiments indicates that they achieve comparable educational outcomes to traditional versions of the labs executed in the reactor containment building.
Exploring the Problem-Finding and Problem-Solving Approach for Designing Organizations

Executive Overview An emerging problem-finding and problem-solving approach suggests that management's ability to discover problems to solve, opportunities to seize, and challenges to respond to is vital to organizations. This paper explores the extent to which the problem-finding and problem-solving approach can provide a foundation for joining the capabilities, dynamic capabilities, and governance perspectives as a way to help scholars and practitioners to coherently design organizations from the perspective of design science. The problem-finding and problem-solving approach offers a unit of analysis and a set of behavioral assumptions that enable us to address open questions within the extant literature and to propose new questions in management research.
MR FLUIDS AND DEVICES IN THE REAL WORLD

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are now well established as one of the leading materials for use in controllable structures and systems. Commercial application of MR fluids, particularly in the automotive industry, has grown rapidly over the past few years. Today, MR fluid devices can be found in tens of thousands of vehicles. Experience in developing commercially successful MR fluids and devices has led to the creation of a series of figures-of-merit, design guidelines and empirical equations for describing MR fluids. Such experience-based guidelines have proven to be invaluable tools in all phases of MR fluid device development from initial concept feasibility to production engineering. These tools are easily integrated into design spreadsheets that enable the simultaneous optimization of MR fluid, device geometry, device size, device materials and electromagnet parameters.
Redox behavior of copper(II) and copper(I) complexes with tetradentate bis(pyridyl)-dithiaether and bis(pyridyl)-diaza ligands towards ruthenium ammine and bipyridyl complexes

Abstract Electron transfer reactions involving the 1,8-bis- (2-pyridyl)-3,6-dithiaoctane copper(II) complex, Cu- (pdto) 2+ , and a series of Ru(II) ammine and bipyridyl complexes have been studied kinetically in MES buffered 0.10 M LiCF 3 CO 2 . Values of the second- order rate constant, k 2 (M -1 s -1 ) are Ru(NH 3 )5 py 2+ , 3.8 × 10 4 ; Ru(NH 3 ) 5 isn 2+ , 1.4 × 10 4 ; Ru(NH 3 ) 4 - bpy 2+ , 2.0 × 10 3 ; cis -Ru(NH 3 ) 4 (isn) 2 2+ , 2.3 × 10 2 ; cis - Ru(bpy) 2 Cl 2 , 4.4 × 10 4 ; Ru(bpy) 2 C 2 O 4 , 4.5 × 10 5 ; at 25.0 °C in 50% aqueous methanol. Data for the ammine complexes, which follow a linear free energy relationship between log k 2 and E°, the Ru(III)/ Ru(II) reduction potential, suggest an outer-sphere mechanism. Inner-sphere electron transfer is indicated with Ru(bpy) 2 Cl 2 and Ru(bpy) 2 C 2 O 4 as reductants. Oxidation of coordinated oxalate occurs with Ru(bpy) 2 C 2 O 4 . The rate constant has also been determined for the oxidation of the 1,8-bis(2-pyridyl)- 3,6-dimethyl-3,6-diazaoctane copper(I) complex, Cu(pdao) + by Ru(NH 3 ) 5 py 3+ in 100% aqueous 0.10 M LiCF 3 CO 2 . A value of 1.8 × 10 4 M -1 s -1 was obtained at 25.0 °C and pH 6.1. Application of the Marcus relations has yielded estimated self-exchange electron-transfer rate constants of 0.63 and 8.1 M -1 s -1 for the Cu(pdto) 2+/+ and Cu(pdao) 2+/+ couples.
Photochemistry and photophysics from the excited states of diaryl ketyl radicals

Formation, caracteristiques spectrales, cinetique et mecanisme du declin intramoleculaire et de l'extinction de l'etat excite et transfert d'energie de radicaux diaryl cetyle
Export Orientation and Female Share of Employment: Evidence from Turkey

Abstract We investigate the relationship between export orientation and female share of employment in the Turkish manufacturing sector, during 1983–85, following the onset of export-led industrialization policies. Using plant-level data we find that female share of employment in a plant increases with the export to total output ratio of its sector. The contribution of the study to the literature is its use of plant-level data for a large number of plants, enabling us to control for other determinants of female share of employment, such as workers’ skill composition, at the plant level.
Stability analysis of load balancing systems

A load processor is a system that has a buffer which can receive load and store it while it is waiting to be processed and has a local decision-making policy for determining if portions of its load should be sent to other load processors. A load balancing system is a set of such load processors that are connected in a network so that (i) they can sense the amount of load in the buffers of neighbouring processors and pass load to them, and (ii) so that, via local information and decisions by the individual load processors, the overall load in the entire network can be balanced. Such balancing is important to ensure that certain processors are not overloaded while others are left idle (i.e. load balancing helps avoid underutilization of processing resources). The topology of the network, delays in transporting and sensing load, types of load, and types of local load passing policies all affect the performance of the load balancing system. In this paper, we show how a variety of load balancing systems can be...
Three Additional Quiescent Low-Mass X-Ray Binary Candidates in 47 Tucanae

We identify through their X-ray spectra one certain (W37) and two probable (W17 and X4) quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries (qLMXBs) containing neutron stars in a long Chandra X-ray exposure of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, in addition to the two previously known qLMXBs. W37's spectrum is dominated by a blackbody-like component consistent with radiation from the hydrogen atmosphere of a 10 km neutron star. W37's light curve shows strong X-ray variability, which we attribute to variations in its absorbing column depth, and eclipses with a probable 3.087 hr period. For most of our exposures, W37's blackbody-like emission (assumed to be from the neutron star surface) is almost completely obscured, yet some soft X-rays (of uncertain origin) remain. Two additional candidates, W17 and X4, present X-ray spectra dominated by a harder component, fitted by a power law of photon index ~1.6-3. An additional soft component is required for both W17 and X4, which can be fitted with a 10 km hydrogen atmosphere neutron star model. X4 shows significant variability, which may arise from either its power-law or hydrogen atmosphere spectral component. Both W17 and X4 show rather low X-ray luminosities, LX(0.5-10 keV) ~ 5 × 1031 ergs s-1. All three candidate qLMXBs would be difficult to identify in other globular clusters, suggesting an additional reservoir of fainter qLMXBs in globular clusters that may be of similar numbers as the group of previously identified objects. The number of millisecond pulsars inferred to exist in 47 Tuc is less than 10 times larger than the number of qLMXBs in 47 Tuc, indicating that for typical inferred lifetimes of 10 and 1 Gyr, respectively, their birthrates are comparable.
The A1−xUNbO6−x/2 compounds (x=0, A=Li, Na, K, Cs and x=0.5, A=Rb, Cs): from layered to tunneled structure

Abstract Attempts to prepare alkaline metal uranyl niobates of composition A 1− x UNbO 6− x /2 by high-temperature solid-state reactions of A 2 CO 3 , U 3 O 8 and Nb 2 O 5 led to pure compounds for x =0 and A =Li ( 1 ), Na ( 2 ), K ( 3 ), Cs ( 4 ) and for x =0.5 and A =Rb ( 5 ), Cs ( 6 ). Single crystals were grown for 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 and for the mixed Na 0.92 Cs 0.08 UNbO 6 ( 7 ) compound. Crystallographic data: 1 , monoclinic, P 2 1 / c, a =10.3091(11), b =6.4414(10), c =7.5602(5) A, β =100.65(1), Z =4, R 1 =0.054 (w R 2 =0.107); 3, 5 and 7 orthorhombic, Pnma , Z =8, with a =10.307(2), 10.272(4) and 10.432(3) A, b =7.588(1), 7.628(3) and 7.681(2) A, c =13.403(2), 13.451(5) and 13.853(4) A, R 1 =0.023, 0.046 and 0.036 (w R 2 =0.058, 0.0106 and 0.088) for 3 , 5 and 7 , respectively; 6 , orthorhombic, Cmcm , Z =8, and a =13.952(3), b =10.607(2) A, c =7.748(2) A, R 1 =0.044 (w R 2 =0.117). The crystal structure of 1 is characterized by ∞ 2 [ UNbO 6 ] - layers of uranophane sheet anion topology parallel to the (100) plane. These layers are formed by the association by edge-sharing of ∞ 1 [ UO 5 ] 4 - chains of edge-shared UO 7 pentagonal bipyramids and ∞ 1 [ NbO 4 ] 3 - chains of corner-shared NbO 5 square pyramids alternating along the [010] direction. The Li + ions are located between two consecutive layers and hold them together; the Li + ions and two layers constitute a neutral “sandwich” {(UNbO 6 ) − –(Li) 2 2+ –(UNbO 6 ) − }. In this unusual structure, the neutral sandwiches are stacked one above another with no formal chemical bonds between the neutral sandwiches. The homeotypic compounds 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 have open-framework structures built from the association by edge-sharing in two directions of parallel ∞ 1 [ UO 5 ] 4 - chains of edge-shared UO 7 pentagonal bipyramids and ∞ 1 [ Nb 2 O 8 ] 6 - ribbons of two edge-shared NbO 6 octahedra further linked by corners. In 3 , 5 and 7 , the mono-dimensional large tunnels created in the [001] direction by this arrangement can be considered as the association by rectangular faces of two columns of triangular face-shared trigonal prisms of uranyl oxygens. In 3 and 7 , all the trigonal prisms are occupied by the alkaline metal, in 5 , they are half-occupied. In 6 , the polyhedral arrangement is more symmetric and the tunnels created in the [010] direction are built of face-sharing cubes of uranyl oxygens totally occupied by the Cs atoms. This last compound well illustrates the structure-directing effect of the conterion.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Do Not Reduce Mortality in Patients with the HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device

Purpose The prognosis of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) in patients with the HeartMate II (HMII) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has not been well elucidated. Accordingly, the role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in this population remains undefined. Methods and Materials Medical records of patients undergoing implantation of the HMII at the Mount Sinai Medical Center between June 8, 2008 and April 2, 2012 were reviewed. The VT/VF and ICD status of each patient post-LVAD were evaluated. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The impact of VT/VF and ICDs on survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results The HMII was implanted in 103 patients during the study period (mean age 56.5 years, 81.6% male, 41.8% ischemic, 90.3% as bridge to transplantation). The mean length of support was 260.4 days. Twenty (19.4%) patients died, 60 (58.3%) survived to transplantation, 3 (2.9%) had the HMII explanted, and 20 (19.4%) reached the end of the study or were lost to follow-up. VT/VF occurred in 34 (33%) patients: 19.2% of VT/VF episodes resulted in symptoms, 17.2% in hypotension/decreased LVAD flows, 3% in syncope, and 2% in cardiac arrest. Post-LVAD VT/VF was not associated with increased mortality (HR 0.41 [0.13–1.28], p=0.125). Sixty-nine (67%) patients had an active ICD and 34 (33%) had no ICD or an inactivated ICD post-LVAD. Patients with an ICD were more likely to have been diagnosed with congestive heart failure for more than 1 year (91.3% vs. 52.9%) and less likely to be INTERMACS 1 at the time of HMII implant (18.8% vs. 44.1%). An appropriate shock was delivered in 28.8%, but the presence of an active ICD was not associated with improved survival (HR 1.14 [0.43–3.00], p=0.793). Conclusions VT/VF is common in patients with the HMII LVAD, and a substantial number of episodes are clinically significant. However, concomitant ICDs in HMII patients are not associated with improved survival.