cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of video browser features and user interaction with VAST MM

In this paper, we present extensive user studies on browsing and information retrieval in the domain of unstructured videos using the VAST MM video library browser. Our studies were performed over a 3-year period with more than 1,000 participants in the university setting. The majority of students use the video library for retrieval of student presentations in a large engineering design course. Through iterative analysis of context-specific audio, visual, and textual cues, we are able to measure significant improvements on typical retrieval tasks, such as searching for unfamiliar content in a large database with over 300 hours of video. We also present user studies conducted in two videotaped core computer science courses to measure the usefulness of the VAST MM (Video Audio Structure Text MultiMedia) resource for final exam preparation. We find that students who use the lecture video library experience significant improvement in final exam scores.To better compare video browsers featuring rich content cues to standard video players without cues, we have performed a large experiment to collect measurable data on search tasks. In general, the lack of index cues can be described by an inverse relationship between amount of matching video content and time required to find it. When index cues are available, the relationship is constant, that is, rare content is found in the same time as common content. We evaluate this data and provide additional insight into two common user interaction techniques: audio-visual browsing and visual-only browsing. We show that user preference is uniform, but that audio-visual browsing is significantly more effective for search and retrieval of video data.
Rationality, Inequity, and Civic Vitality: The Distribution of Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities in the Southeast

This study examines the distribution of commercial treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) of hazardous waste in the southeast. Four hypotheses are tested: (1) economic rationality, (2) social inequity, (3) civic capital, and (4) scientific rationality. The data set is a match of records on operational TSDFs and large quantity generators (LQGs) of hazardous waste from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, demographic data from the U.S. Census Bureau, nonprofit organization data from the National Center for Charitable Statistics, and seismic hazard and hydrologic data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Logistic regression results indicate that location outcomes are predictable by the distribution of civic capital assets, the racial composition of a community, the hydrologic suitability of a land use, and TSDF proximity to LQGs. The concentration of LQG activity and the percentage of African Americans in a neighborhood are the most consistent predictors of TSDF location outcomes across spatial...
GOES 8 aerosol optical thickness assimilation in a mesoscale model: Online integration of aerosol radiative effects

[1] To investigate the importance of aerosol radiative effects in the troposphere, numerical simulation of a dust event during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment is presented by using the Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Through assimilation of geostationary satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness (AOT) into the RAMS, spatial and temporal aerosol distribution is optimally characterized, facilitating direct comparison with surface observations of downwelling radiative energy fluxes and 2 m air temperature that is not possible with a free-running mesoscale model. Two simulations with and without consideration of aerosol radiative effects are performed. Comparisons against observations show that direct online integration of aerosol radiative effects produces realistic downwelling shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface but minimal improvement on 2 m air temperature at the observation location. Numerical simulations show that for the dust loading considered in this study (AOT = 0.45 at 0.67 μm), if the dust radiative effects are not properly represented, the uncertainty in the simulated AOT is about ±5 to ±10%, the surface radiative energy is overestimated by 30–40 W m−2 during the day and underestimated by 10 W m−2 during the night, and the bias in air temperatures near the surface could be up to ±0.5°C, though these biases also depend on local time, AOT values, and surface properties. The results from this study demonstrate that the assimilation of satellite aerosol retrievals not only improves the aerosol forecasts but also has the potential to reduce the uncertainties in modeling the surface energy budget and other associated atmospheric processes.
“Comet‐tail” ejecta streaks: A predicted cratering landform unique to Titan

A model for an impact ejecta landform peculiar to Saturns moon Titan is presented. Expansion of the ejecta plume from moderate-sized craters is constrained by Titans thick atmosphere. Much of the plume is collimated along the incoming bolides trajectory, as was observed for plumes from impacts on Jupiter of P/Shoemaker-Levy-9, but is retained as a linear, diagonal ejecta cloud, unlike on Venus where the plume blows out. On Titan, the blowout is suppressed because the vertically-extended atmosphere requires a long wake to reach the vacuum of space, and the modest impact velocities mean plume expansion along the wake is slow enough to allow the wake to close off. Beyond the immediate ejecta blanket around the crater, distal ejecta is released into the atmosphere from an oblique line source: this material is winnowed by the zonal wind field to form streaks, with coarse radar-bright particles transported less far than fine radar-dark material. Thus, the ejecta form two distinct streaks faintly reminiscent of dual comet tails, a sharply W-E radar-dark one, and a less swept and sometimes comma-shaped radar-bright one.
Selection of barrier metals for a waste package in tuff

The Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigation (NNWSI) project under the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program is planning a repository at Yucca Mountain at the Nevada Test Site for isolation of high-level nuclear waste. LLNL is developing designs for an engineered barrier system containing several barriers such as the waste form, a canister and/or an overpack, packing, and near field host rock. The selection of metal containment barriers is addressed. 13 references.
Top quark inclusive differential distributions.

The inclusive transverse momentum and rapidity distributions for top quark production at the Fermilab Tevatron are presented both in order ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{3}$ in QCD and using the resummation of the leading soft gluon corrections in all orders of QCD perturbation theory. The resummed results are uniformly larger than the O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}^{3}$) results for both distributions.
A Causal Versus Enabling Impact of Mindfulness on the Genesis of Meaning

The target article by Garland, Farb, Goldin, and Fredrickson addresses “the question of how the acute state of mindfulness during meditation affects downstream positive emotion regulatory processes...
Thrombin-Like Enzymes in Snake Venoms

Snake venoms, particularly from vipers, are rich sources of serine proteinases, some of which contain thrombin-like activity. Following human envenomations, these toxins often produce rapid coagulopathies via the depletion of circulating fibrinogen, typically via specific proteolysis of the Aα and Bβ subunits. Hypofibrinogenemia following bites may be prolonged, contributing to hemorrhagic effects of the venom and occasionally leading to life-threatening conditions such as disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, they have also been used as therapeutic drugs for treating a diversity of human disorders, including strokes, deep vein thromboses and cerebral and myocardial infarctions. Many snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (SV-TLEs) have been sequenced, and important structural elements (six disulfides, the catalytic triad) are highly conserved. SV-TLEs are commonly glycosylated, and this modification may confer a high level of stability; unlike trypsin, they are exceptionally stable in aqueous solution. Structurally, they are closely related to other serine proteinases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, but as a result of gene duplication, accelerated point mutations and ASSET, venom TLEs have evolved a diversity of activities. The relationship between structure and function of the different venom serine proteinases is still unclear, and future studies of substrate specificity of this diverse family of toxins will help resolve this uncertainty.
What is the Point? Teaching Ideas for Thesis Sentences

Readers are pragmatic and want to know the bottom line. The use of strong topic or thesis sentences will grab the reader’s attention and help the reader understand the significance of the information in each paragraph. The writer does not want to waste an opportunity or just tread water in a thesis sentence by merely stating a fact. This article discusses teaching ideas and exercises for drafting effective thesis sentences.
Computer-Assisted Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using Quantitative Topology Features

In this paper, we proposed a computer-aided diagnosis and analysis for a challenging and important clinical case in lung cancer, i.e., differentiation of two subtypes of Non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC. The proposed framework utilized both local and topological features from histopathology images. To extract local features, a robust cell detection and segmentation method is first adopted to segment each individual cell in images. Then a set of extensive local features is extracted using efficient geometry and texture descriptors based on cell detection results. To investigate the effectiveness of topological features, we calculated architectural properties from labeled nuclei centroids. Experimental results from four popular classifiers suggest that the cellular structure is very important and the topological descriptors are representative markers to distinguish between two subtypes of NSCLC.
Examining recent many-core architectures and programming models using SHOC

The Scalable HeterOgeneous Computing (SHOC) benchmark suite was released in 2010 as a tool to evaluate the stability and performance of emerging heterogeneous architectures and to compare different programming models for compute devices used in those architectures. Since then, high-performance computing (HPC) system architectures have increasingly incorporated both discrete and fused multi-core and many-core processors. The TOP500 list illustrates this trend: heterogeneous systems grew from a 3.4% to 18.0% share of the list between June 2010 and June 2015. Not only are there more heterogeneous systems on the TOP500 list today, those machines are responsible for a disproportionately large percentage of list's aggregate performance: as of June 2015, the performance share for heterogeneous systems has grown to 33.7%.Part of this shift toward heterogeneous architectures has stemmed from new products in the hardware accelerator market, such as Intel's Xeon Phi coprocessor, and improvements in the approaches for programming such accelerators. Existing approaches such as CUDA and OpenCL have become more powerful and easy to use, and directive-based programming models such as OpenACC, OpenMP 4.0, and Intel's Language Extensions for Offload (LEO) are rapidly gaining user acceptance. The benefits of these hardware and software advances are not limited to HPC; other problem domains such as "big data" are reaping the rewards also.The original SHOC benchmarks had adequate support for CUDA and OpenCL for graphics processing units, but did not support more recent programming models and devices. We extended SHOC to support evaluation of recent heterogeneous architectures and programming models such as OpenACC and LEO, and we added new benchmarks to increase SHOC's application domain coverage. In this paper, we describe our modifications to the stock SHOC distribution and present several examples of using our augmented version of SHOC for evaluation of recent heterogeneous architectures and programming models.
The Impact of Decoupling of Telework on Job Satisfaction in U.S. Federal Agencies: Does Gender Matter?

This study analyzes the effects of decoupling of telework on job satisfaction using the 2013 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey. The research divides telework programs for public employees by two criteria: (a) whether or not federal agencies have officially adopted the program, and (b) whether or not public employees actually participate in the program. We find that both organizational adoption and employee participation in telework have a positive relationship with job satisfaction, and these results support the social exchange theory. We also observe that the effects of decoupling of telework on job satisfaction are more significant for female public employees than for male public employees. The results imply that female employees have the lowest levels of job satisfaction when agencies officially adopt telework but employees cannot utilize the program. However, male employees have the lowest levels of job satisfaction when they are unable to utilize a nonexistent telework program.
Fourth Cranial Nerve Palsy in a Collegiate Lacrosse Player: A Case Report

Abstract Objective: To present the case of a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men's lacrosse athlete with fourth cranial nerve injury as the result of a minor traumatic blow. Bac...
Probing phase coherence in solid helium using torsional oscillators of different path lengths

Long-range phase coherence is a critical signature of macroscopic quantum phenomena. To date, nonclassical rotational inertia (NCRI) of solid helium has been reported only in samples with physical dimension of at most 5 cm. We have investigated solid helium in longer path-length torsional oscillators. Samples of length ranging from 6 to 100 cm were grown inside toroids and in self-connected long capillaries. NCRI of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ were found in cells with path length of 6 and 9 cm. In cells with path length of 30 and 100 cm, NCRI, if it exists, is less than $7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ and $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, respectively.
Lack of Trienoic Fatty Acids in an Arabidopsis Mutant Increases Tolerance of Photosynhesis to High Temperature

Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in a uniquely constructed bilayer membrane known as thylakoid. The glycerolipid molecules that form the thylakoid membranes are characterized by their sugar head groups and a very high level of unsaturation in the fatty acid chains. In Arabidopsis,trienoic fatty acids — α-linolenic (18:3) and hexadecatrienoic acids (16:3) — account for more than 70% of the total fatty acids in thylakoid lipids. Therefore, this fatty acids might have some crucial role in maintaining photosynthetic functions.
Equivalence versus Indifference Scales

Comparing income levels across families with different composition is a central issue for most welfare indicators and policies. Currently, the dominant method relies on income-based equivalence scales, which raise a host of theoretical, empirical and normative difficulties. However, a new approach, based on the notion of indifference scales, avoids most of these problems, while leading to empirically tractable estimation methods. I submit that time has come to abandon the traditional view in favour of the new concept
Electromagnetic coupling into two standard calibration shields on the Sandia cable tester

This report presents analytic transmission line models for calculating the shielding effectiveness of two common calibration standard cables. The two cables have different canonical aperture types, which produce the same low frequency coupling but different responses at resonance. The dominant damping mechanism is produced by the current probe loads at the ends of the cables, which are characterized through adaptor measurements. The model predictions for the cables are compared with experimental measurements and good agreement between the results is demonstrated. This setup constitutes a nice repeatable geometry that nevertheless exhibits some of the challenges involved in modeling non-radio frequency geometries.
Successful deployment of polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent to seal left internal mammary artery graft perforation due to guide catheter extension system

Coronary artery bypass graft perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention is a rare complication. Perforation of a left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft due to a guide catheter extension system has not been described. We report the successful deployment of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stent to seal the LIMA graft perforation due to the guide catheter extension system. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed for a culprit lesion of the distal left circumflex via the LIMA graft. A balloon catheter failed to be delivered because the LIMA graft was very long and tortuous. The guide catheter extension system was introduced, and the balloon was delivered and inflated. However, the LIMA graft perforation with continuous extravasation was caused by the edge of deeper intubated guide extension catheter when a coronary stent was attempted to be delivered to the culprit lesion. A long balloon inflation was performed, but the perforation was not completely sealed. The PTFE-covered stent was successfully deployed and sealed the LIMA graft perforation. This case describes that the rapid deployment of PTFE-covered stent is effective to treat severe coronary artery bypass graft perforation due to the guide catheter extension system.
The dielectric relaxation of solid succinonitrile at microwave frequencies

The physical properties of succinonitril, NCCH 2 CH 2 CN, have made it suitable for inclusion in a program of research at microwave frequencies on solids possessing high dielectric constants because of the rotational freedom of their polar molecules. At radio frequencies, White and Morgan found no drop in the high dielectric constant when liquid, succinonitrile solidified at 54.2°C. Below the freezing point, the radio-frequency or static dielectric constant rose from a value above 50 to one above 80 at −42.6°, where it dropped abruptly in a 2.3° range to a low value typical of non-polar compounds, the optical dielectric constant.
Geometric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

This chapter surveys routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks that use geometric ideas and abstractions. Wireless sensor networks have a unique geometric character as the sensor nodes are embedded in, and designed to monitor, the physical space. Thus the geometric embedding of the network can be exploited for scalable and efficient routing algorithm design. This chapter starts with geographical routing that use nodes’ geographical locations to guide the choice of the next hop node on the routing path. The scalability of geographical routing motivates more work on the design of virtual coordinates with which greedy routing algorithms are developed and applied to route messages in the network. The last section is concerned about data-centric routing, in which a query is routed to reach the sensor node holding data of interest. Thus the challenge is to discover the “source node” that possess the data as well as route the message there.
Lattice strategies for the ergodic fading dirty paper channel

A modified version of Costa's dirty paper channel is studied, in which both the input signal and the state experience stationary and ergodic time-varying fading. The fading coefficients are assumed to be known exclusively at the receiver. An inner bound of the achievable rates using lattice codes is derived and compared to an outer bound of the capacity. For a wide range of fading distributions, the gap to capacity is within a constant value that does not depend on either the power of the input signal or the state. The results presented in this paper are applied to a class of ergodic fading broadcast channels with receive channel state information, where the achievable rate region is shown to be close to capacity under certain configurations.
Advertisements for children's entertainment products in a popular parenting magazine: sedentary or active?

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe advertisements of children’s entertainment products in a popular magazine, Parents, and to determine if they illustrated behavior that was physically active or sedentary. Methods: The sample was comprised of Parents magazines (January 2010 to December 2015). Coding involved determining if the advertisement was promoting sedentary or active behavior. Results: Nearly all of the 169 advertisements in the sample (n = 166; 97.6%) were for products that depicted sedentary behavior. The most common types of entertainment products advertised were DVDs (n = 72), plastic stacking products (n = 18), books (n=14), and electronic devices (n = 13). The most popular theme that appeared in the advertisements was the entertainment product would enhance intelligence (n = 85; 50.3%, 95% CI: 0.43-0.58). The overwhelming majority (n = 136; 80.5%. 95% CI: 0.76-0.87) of the advertisements involved the presence of a character. Conclusion: This type of advertising does not contribute to the nation’s goals of increasing physical activity among youth.
Stabilized Richardson leapfrog scheme in explicit stepwise computation of forward or backward nonlinear parabolic equations

AbstractThe numerical computation of ill-posed, time-reversed, nonlinear parabolic equations presents considerable difficulties. Conventional stepwise marching schemes for such problems, whether explicit or implicit, are necessarily unconditionally unstable, and result in explosive noise amplification. This paper develops a method for stabilizing the explicit, accurate, centred time differencing leapfrog scheme, introduced by L. F. Richardson almost 100 years ago, and now widely used in meteorology and oceanography. The method uses FFT-synthesized linear smoothing operators at each time step, based on positive real powers of the negative Laplacian, to quench the instability. This smoothing operation leads to a distortion away from the true solution. This is the stabilization penalty. It is shown that in many problems of interest, that distortion is often small enough to allow for useful results. In the canonical case of linear autonomous selfadjoint time-reversed parabolic equations, with solutions satisf...
The development of cortical models to enable neural-based cognitive architectures

The development of models of the cerebral cortex parallels the growth in sophistication of neural models in general, proceeding from heuristic models, to functional “black box” systems approaches, to large-scale neural circuit models. Currently, computational neuroscience is producing increasingly detailed neurobiologically based models of cortex and related structures. Many of these are intended as simulations of the biology, and are subject only to the constraint of predicting experimental observations in the neurobiological domain. A few of these models have some computational capability in the general domains of pattern recognition or control (Ambros-Ingerson et al., 1990; Carpenter and Grossberg, 1991; McKenna, 1994; Zornetzer et al., 1995).
High-Resolution Transfer Printing of Graphene Lines for Fully Printed, Flexible Electronics

Pristine graphene inks show great promise for flexible printed electronics due to their high electrical conductivity and robust mechanical, chemical, and environmental stability. While traditional liquid-phase printing methods can produce graphene patterns with a resolution of ∼30 μm, more precise techniques are required for improved device performance and integration density. A high-resolution transfer printing method is developed here capable of printing conductive graphene patterns on plastic with line width and spacing as small as 3.2 and 1 μm, respectively. The core of this method lies in the design of a graphene ink and its integration with a thermally robust mold that enables annealing at up to ∼250 °C for precise, high-performance graphene patterns. These patterns exhibit excellent electrical and mechanical properties, enabling favorable operation as electrodes in fully printed electrolyte-gated transistors and inverters with stable performance even following cyclic bending to a strain of 1%. The ...
Enhanced Optical Sensitivity in Thermoresponsive Photonic Crystal Hydrogels by Operating Near the Phase Transition

Photonic crystal hydrogels composed of analyte-responsive hydrogels and crystalline colloidal arrays have immense potential as reagentless chemical and biological sensors. In this work, we investigated a general mechanism to rationally tune the sensitivity of photonic crystal hydrogels consisting of stimuli-responsive polymers to small molecule analytes. This mechanism was based on modulating the demixing temperature of such hydrogels relative to the characterization temperature to in effect maximize the extent of phase separation behavior; thus, the volume changes in response to the target analytes. Using ethanol as a model analyte, we demonstrated that this mechanism led to a dramatic increase in the sensitivity of optically diffracting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) hydrogel films that exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. The demixing temperature of the pNIPAM films was modulated by copolymerization of the films with relatively hydrophobic and hydrophilic comonomers, as well as by varying the ionic strength of the characterization solution. Our results showed that copolymerization of the films with 2.5 mol % of N-tert-butylacrylamide, which is hydrophobic relative to pNIPAM, enabled the detection limit of the pNIPAM films to ethanol to be lowered ∼2-fold at 30 °C. Additionally, increasing the ionic strength of the characterization solution above 200 mM resulted in a dramatic increase in the extent of contraction of the films in the presence of ethanol. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that as little as 16 g/L or 2 vol % of ethanol in water could reliably be detected, and that the sensitivity of the films to ethanol was predictably greatest when operating near the phase transition, such that even small additions of the analyte induced the start of demixing and the collapse of the hydrogel. Such a mechanism may be extended to photonic crystal hydrogel sensors prepared from other stimuli-responsive polymers and more broadly exploited to enhance the utility of these sensors for a broad range of analytes.
Partee, Barbara H. (b. 1940)

Barbara Hall Partee (b. 1940), Distinguished Professor Emerita of Linguistics and Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, has focused her research career on the area of formal semantics and its association with syntax, pragmatics, and logic, with a special interest in quantification. Her work in the field has been characterized by active attempts to embrace and to synthesize diverse works and diverse perspectives such as mathematics and linguistics, formal semantics and syntax, philosophy and cognitive science, and transformational and non-transformational approaches to grammar.
Ventilator-Induced Mechanical Stress and Lung Vascular Dysfunction

By virtue of their design as a gas-exchange organ, lungs are constantly exposed to mechanical stimulation associated with inflation–deflation cycles. Pulmonary vasculature experiences mechanical forces resulting from blood circulation and respiratory cycles. These forces are transduced onto pulmonary vessels in the form of shear stress, intravascular hydrostatic pressure, and tensile stress. Normally, mechanical loads on pulmonary vasculature are well tolerated even during intense exercise, several-fold elevation of inhaled air pressure during scuba diving, or ascension to high altitude. However, extreme loads experienced by elite athletes elevate the pulmonary capillary pressure beyond physiological limits and may cause transient pulmonary vascular leak. In the clinical setting, mechanical ventilation of patients at high tidal volumes leads to pulmonary edema and a severer complication, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Chronic elevation of pulmonary artery pressure due to cardiogenic or primary pulmonary hypertension leads to vascular remodeling, vascular occlusion, and severe lung dysfunction. Relatively rare cases of pulmonary vascular leak and edema have been described when a lung collapsed for several days as a result of pneumothorax is rapidly re-expanded. In such cases, the protein concentration in sputum is very high during the onset of so-called pulmonary re-expansion edema (RPE), suggesting that RPE belongs to a type of permeability pulmonary edema caused by pulmonary microvascular dysfunction. These examples demonstrate the significance of the physiologic biomechanical milieu in the pulmonary vascular barrier regulation and proper functioning of the lung as a gas-exchange organ.
Safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents in older patients with chronic kidney disease: a report from the linked CathPCI Registry-CMS claims database.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) in older patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Background DES may be associated with late death and myocardial infarction (MI) secondary to stent thrombosis. However, data on outcomes in older patients with CKD are limited. Methods We estimated the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 283,593 patients 65 years of age and older who underwent stent implantation between 2004 and 2007. In propensity-matched cohorts grouped by GFR, the association between DES and BMS and the risk of death, MI, revascularization, and major bleeding was examined. Results A total of 121,446 patients (42.8%) had CKD (GFR Conclusions The safety of DES compared with BMS is observed in all patients regardless of renal function and is associated with reduced rates of MI and death in some subsets of patients with CKD.
Inorganic micronutrient requirements of chlorella. I. Requirements for calcium (or strontium), copper, and molybdenum.

Abstract Procedures have been described for demonstrating requirements of the green alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa , for the inorganic micronutrients calcium (or strontium), copper, and molybdenum, in addition to the previously established requirements for iron, manganese, and zinc. Although the other micronutrient requirements are specific for the metal in question, the calcium requirement can be satisfied by strontium, on an approximately equimolar basis.
Marking in College Physical Education Activities

(1948). Marking in College Physical Education Activities. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 178-184.
Dislocation(s)/Reduction(s)

Dislocation of a bone/joint generally requires a high-energy mechanism secondary to native anatomic configuration and strong support of surrounding soft tissue structures. Approach to initial recognition, evaluation, and management of these injuries is crucial toward creating potential for optimal enduring results. The following chapter will discuss assessment and treatment, as well as provide clinical pearls with respect to emergency room management.
Central diabetes insipidus emerging after steroid replacement in pituitary apoplexy

KEY POINTS A healthy 50-year-old woman presented with acute onset of the worst headache of her life. She characterized the headache as constant, pulsating and over her entire head. It was associated with photophobia and fever without visual changes and neck stiffness. On examination, the patient was
Genetic relationship between pilar cysts, pilar tumors and pilar carcinomas.

e21063Background: Pilar cysts, also known as trichilemmal cysts, are common cutaneous nodules that occur sporadically or an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. A pilar cyst can transform into a...
Immune checkpoint inhibitor use near the end of life.

11533Background: Studies of chemotherapy near the end of life reveal increased costs, adverse effects and minimal clinical benefit. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) use near the end of life has no...
The Balancing Act of R-loop Biology: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

An R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure that consists of a DNA:RNA hybrid and a displaced strand of DNA. R-loops occur frequently in genomes and have significant physiological importance. They play vital roles in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA and histone modifications. Several studies have uncovered that R-loops contribute to fundamental biological processes in various organisms. Paradoxically, although they do play essential positive functions required for important biological processes, they can also contribute to DNA damage and genome instability. Recent evidence suggests that R-loops are involved in a number of human diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the molecular basis for R-loop–mediated gene regulation and genomic instability and briefly discusses methods for identifying R-loops in vivo. It also highlights recent studies indicating the role of R-loops in DNA double-strand break repair with an updated view of much-needed future goals in R-loop biology.
Perception and Beliefs Regarding Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle Modifications Among High-Risk College Students:

BackgroundStudying risk factors and corresponding behavior in young adults is important as atherosclerotic plaque begins to form in early adulthood, resulting in cardiovascular disease (CVD) later ...
Determinants of economic growth rates of the newly formed countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc

This study first tests the equality of the means of GDPs among countries that joined market economies after the collapse of the Soviet Union using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Then it examines whether GDPs are converging as predicted by the neoclassical growth theory. Finally, it identifies the factors that contribute to the persistent difference. Panel data analysis is used to address the latter concern. The growth rates of countries in the study are not converging. There is an evidence of conditional convergence and the stage of development provides an explanation and supports club convergence. All identified factors are statistically significant.
Cost-utility of colorectal cancer screening at 40 years old for average-risk patients

Abstract The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in patients under the age of 50. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-utility of available screening modalities starting at 40 years in the general population compared to standard screening at 50 years old. A decision tree modeling average-risk of CRC in the United States population was constructed for the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) of the five most common and effective CRC screening modalities in average-risk 40-year olds versus deferring screening until 50 years old (standard of care) under a limited societal perspective. All parameters were derived from existing literature. We evaluated the incremental cost-utility ratio of each comparator at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000/QALY and included multivariable probabilistic sensitivity analysis. All screening modalities assessed were more cost-effective with increased QALYs than current standard care (no screening until 50). The most favorable intervention by net monetary benefit was flexible sigmoidoscopy ($3284 per person). Flexible sigmoidoscopy, FOBT, and FIT all dominated the current standard of care. Colonoscopy and FIT-DNA were both cost-effective (respectively, $4777 and $11,532 per QALY). The cost-effective favorability of flexible sigmoidoscopy diminished relative to colonoscopy with increasing willingness-to-pay. Regardless of screening modality, CRC screening at 40 years old is cost-effective with increased QALYs compared to current screening initiation at 50 years old, with flexible sigmoidoscopy most preferred. Consideration should be given for a general recommendation to start screening at age 40 for average risk individuals.
Differential roles and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complexes 1 and 2 during cell migration in prostate cancer cells.

Background Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a downstream substrate activated by PI3K/AKT pathway and it is essential for cell migration. It exists as two complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. mTORC1 is known to be regulated by active AKT, but the activation of mTORC2 is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the roles and differential activation of the two mTOR complexes during cell migration in prostate cancer cells. Methods We used small interfering RNA to silence the expression of Rac1 and the main components of mTOR complexes (regulatory associated protein of mTOR [RAPTOR] and rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR [RICTOR]) in LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. We performed transwell migration assay to evaluate the migratory capability of the cells, and Western blot analysis to study the activation levels of mTOR complexes. Results Specific knockdown of RAPTOR and RICTOR caused a decrease of cell migration, suggesting their essential role in prostate cancer cell movement. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatments induced the activation of both the mTOR complexes. Lack of Rac1 activity in prostate cancer cells blocked EGF-induced activation of mTORC2, but had no effect on mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, the overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 resulted in significant increase in cell migration and activation of mTORC2 in PC3 cells, but had no effect on mTORC1 activation. Active Rac1 was localized in the plasma membrane and was found to be in a protein complex, with RICTOR, but not RAPTOR. Conclusion We suggest that EGF-induced activation of Rac1 causes the activation of mTORC2 via RICTOR. This mechanism plays a critical role in prostate cancer cell migration.
Self-concordance and matrix monotonicity with applications to quantum entanglement problems

Abstract Let V be a Euclidean Jordan algebra and Ω be a cone of invertible squares in V. Suppose that g : R + → R is a matrix monotone function on the positive semiaxis which naturally induces a function g ˜ : Ω → V . We show that − g ˜ is compatible (in the sense of Nesterov–Nemirovski) with the standard self-concordant barrier B ( x ) = − ln det ( x ) on Ω. As a consequence, we show that for any c ∈ Ω, the functions of the form − tr ( c g ˜ ( x ) ) + B ( x ) are self-concordant on Ω. In particular, the function x ↦ − tr ( c ln x ) is a self-concordant barrier function on Ω. Using these results, we apply a long-step path-following algorithm developed in [L. Faybusovich and C. Zhou Long-step path-following algorithm for solving symmetric programming problems with nonlinear objective functions. Comput Optim Appl, 72(3):769-795, 2019] to a number of important optimization problems arising in quantum information theory. Results of numerical experiments and comparisons with existing methods are presented.
VibroScale: turning your smartphone into a weighing scale

Smartphones, with their ubiquity and plethora of embedded sensors enable on-the-go measurement. Here, we describe one novel measurement potential, weight measurement, by turning an everyday smartphone into a weighing scale. We describe VibroScale, our vibration-based approach to measuring the weight of objects that are small in size. Being able to objectively measure the weight of objects in free-living settings, without the burden of carrying a scale, has several possible uses, particularly in weighing small food items. We designed a smartphone app and regression algorithm, which we termed VibroScale, that estimates the relative induced intensity of an object placed on the smartphone. We tested our proposed method using more than 50 fruits and other everyday objects of different sizes and weights. Our smartphone-based method can measure the weight of fruit without relying on an actual scale. Overall, we observed that VibroScale can measure one type of object with a mean absolute error of 12.4 grams and a mean absolute percentage error of 7.7%. We believe that in future this approach can be generalized to estimate calories and measure the weight of various types of objects.
Training Confidence-Calibrated Classifier via Distributionally Robust Learning

Supervised learning via empirical risk minimization, despite its solid theoretical foundations, faces a major challenge in generalization capability, which limits its application in real-world data science problems. In particular, current models fail to distinguish in-distribution and out-of-distribution and give over confident predictions for out-of-distribution samples. In this paper, we propose an distributionally robust learning method to train classifiers via solving an unconstrained minimax game between an adversary test distribution and a hypothesis. We showed the theoretical generalization performance guarantees, and empirically, our learned classifier when coupled with thresholded detectors, can efficiently detect out-of-distribution samples.
A Review of Gunshot Wounds

The long awaited book on gunshot wounds by Dr. Vincent DiMaio is finally available, and it generally meets the high expectations anticipated from this expert.
Wet storage of spent nuclear fuel

This chapter discusses wet storage technology and practices for spent (or used) nuclear fuel discharged from commercial light-water reactors. The focus is on long-term behavior and aging management, which involve the consideration of materials, environment, surveillance, and monitoring of facilities and operations, as well as plans and actions by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and industry after the Fukushima accidents in March 2011. Also discussed are issues involved in the wet-to-dry storage of spent fuel or “pool to pad” storage—another common practice of US utilities.
Alignment and Analysis of Closely Related Genomes

Complex strategies have been developed for whole genome alignment of multiple species. In the case of population genomics studies, the sequences being aligned are often very similar. We propose a reference coordinate system that simplifies the task of comparing many closely related genomes while taking into account structural rearrangements. We implemented software to compare a group of three strains of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae and a group of three strains of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum . Our simplified representation enables us to leverage existing work on the species while performing fine-grained analysis on the new draft genomes. Further, this approach will easily scale to hundreds of closely related genomes, enabling new analyses in population genomics as additional genomic sequences become available.
Appetite for America: How Visionary Businessman Fred Harvey Built a Railroad Hospitality Empire That Civilized the Wild West, by Stephen Fried

Fred Harvey was one of the names mentioned in most of the introductory textbooks covering the history of restaurants in the United States. Having started my hospitality teaching and industry career...
Suspected Acute Interstitial Nephritis Induced by Piperacillin‐Tazobactam

A 51-year-old woman developed an acute onset of renal dysfunction accompanied by rash, lumbar pain, arthralgias, fever, eosinophiluria, and an elevated serum creatinine after 6 days of intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam therapy. On discontinuing piperacillin-tazobactam and after a 21-day course of prednisone, the patient's constitutional symptoms dissipated and her renal function returned to baseline. Acute interstitial nephritis has been reported as an adverse effect of many drugs, including antibiotics, but not, to our knowledge, after piperacillin-tazobactam. The time course of events suggested that piperacillin-tazobactam was the cause of acute interstitial nephritis in this patient.
Planet X and the origins of the shower and steady state flux of short-period comets

Abstract In the planet X model periodic comet showers are associated with passages of the planet's perihelion and aphelion points through a primordial disk of comets believed to lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. A strong feature of this model is that the required orbital elements and mass of planet X are consistent with independently predicted values based on the residuals in the motions of Uranus and Neptune. Here we present a more extensive analysis of the model taking into account the fact that only those comets scattered directly into the zones of influence of Saturn and Jupiter can contribute to a shower whose duration is consistent with observation (≲ 15 myr). These requirements impose a minimum planetary inclination of ≈25°, which in turn restricts the semimajor axis to be ≲100 AU. A fraction of the comets scattered directly into the zones of influence of Uranus and Neptune will evolve on time scales of ∼108 years into the steady state flux of short-period comets. We find that the absolute numbers of shower and steady state are comparable and compatible with the known terrestrial cratering rate, assuming the existence of long-lived extinct comet cores. Canonical planet X model parameters, deduced in part from the scattering dynamics analysis, are: semimajor axis ≈80 AU, eccentricity ≈0.3, inclination ≈45°, and mass ≈5m⊕. An analysis is given which suggests that planet X, in its present orbit, can create the requisite density gradient of comets near perihelion and aphelion during the lifetime of the Solar System. The required inclination of planet X's orbit (≳25°) may explain the failure of previous surveys to discover the planet as its present latitude is not likely to be near the ecliptic. It it exists, the best immediate hope of finding planet X is the ongoing IRAS search in the 100-μm band and the full sky optical survey by Shoemaker and Shoemaker. Independent of the question of periodic comet showers, the existence of planet X and the comet disk can readily explain the origin of the steady state flux of short-period comets over a wide range of parameters.
Fontan modification with a Y-graft.

The well-written article by Hunt Martin and colleagues in this issue of the Journal describes a single-institution experience with the Y-graft modification for Fontan completion. The cavopulmonary connection has evolved significantly since it was first described by Fontan and coworkers. In this particular case, Martin and colleagues aim to translate the superior hemodynamic and hepatic blood flow distribution seen in computational modeling with the use of bifurcated Fontan grafts. The fundamental premise for using this type of Fontan modification is that this type of arrangement is superior to the pure energy conservation afforded by offsetting the Glenn and Fontan flows. These benefits are still theoretic, and there is no demonstration in the article that the computer modeling scenario was duplicated in the clinical outcomes of these children. Martin and colleagues, however, have been able to demonstrate technical feasibility of using these bifurcated grafts with excellent safety and hemodynamic results. This is an extremely important area of investigation to optimize hemodynamics and flow distributions in patients undergoing completion Fontan operations. Other groups have also used computational modeling to tout the beneficial effects of bifurcated Glenn and Fontan pathways or the ‘‘optiflow’’ configuration. Two of the authors of this article have published previous work related to the computational modeling and preclinical evaluation, examining the impact of this Fontan modification on hepatic blood flow distribution. They have successfully shown that in the modeling scenario, there is more symmetric hepatic blood flow distribution. This article shows the nice systematic evolution of this theoretic