cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review of Pharmacological Treatments for Hypersexual Disorder

Based upon a variety of neurobiological conceptualizations, a limited number of studies have been performed to assess the response of hypersexual behavior to psychopharmacologic therapy. In the present article, we conducted a review of empirical studies that evaluated a psychopharmacologic treatment for hypersexual behavior. Study characteristics reviewed include the participants, research designs, pharmacologic agent(s) examined and dosage(s), medication side effects, comorbid psychiatric illness, assessment of hypersexual behavior, and outcomes. Several studies report significant attenuation of hypersexual symptoms with pharmacologic treatment. However, significant methodological limitations narrow the rigor of these findings. Considerations for comorbidity and recommendations for enhancement of future outcome research are provided.
Optimal l/sub /spl infin// to l/sub /spl infin// estimation for periodic systems

In this paper we consider the problem of finding a filter that minimizes the worst-case magnitude (l/sub /spl infin//) of the estimation error in the case of linear periodically time-varying systems subjected to unknown but magnitude-bounded (l/sub /spl infin//) inputs. These inputs consist of process and observation noises, and the optimization problem is considered over an infinite-time horizon. Lifting techniques are utilized to transform the problem to a time invariant l/sub 1/-model matching problem subject to additional constraints. Taking advantage of the particular structure of the estimation problem, it is shown how standard methods of l/sub 1/ optimization, in particular the delay augmentation technique, can be suitably modified to solve this nonstandard problem.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This chapter focuses on nucleic acid amplification based (NAA) assays that detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly in clinical specimens; specifics regarding the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by the nontuberculous mycobacteria are not included. The chapter talks about on NAA assays that detect M. tuberculosis directly in clinical specimens. The salient features of commercially available NAA assays are first briefly described, followed by an overview of in-house-developed assays. Second, similar to commercially available NAA assays, evaluation of in-house NAA assays has used primarily respiratory specimens, but testing has also been performed on nonrespiratory specimens such as pleural fluids, gastric aspirates, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, fresh tissues, cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), and other sterile body fluids. Third, in-house assays have also been developed to detect both M. tuberculosis complex and drug resistance. Finally, other miscellaneous aspects of NAA assays including their use in monitoring response to therapy, cost and cost-effectiveness, and newer approaches and modifications are addressed. Identifications obtained by use of the specific deletion profiles correlated 100% with the original identifications for all M. tuberculosis complex members except M. africanum; further characterization resulted in profiles specific for all members. Subsequent studies using genomic deletions revealed that by testing an isolate for signature deletions, members of the M. tuberculosis complex can be identified.
Katero formulo predpisati dojenčku, ki ne prenaša beljakovin kravjega mleka?

Breast milk is the best for infant nutrition, but sometimes it is necessary to use an adapted milk formula. All infant formulas must support the normal growth and development of infants. Cow’s milk allergy is used to describe reactions involving the immune system, while other reactions are normally called cow’s milk intolerance. Management includes diet modification for nursing mothers and special formulas for formula-fed infants.
Two wavelength division multiplexing WAN trials

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, as a super-user, supercomputer, and super-application site, is anticipating the future bandwidth and protocol requirements necessary to connect to other such sites as well as to connect to remote-sited control centers and experiments. In this paper we discuss our vision of the future of Wide Area Networking, describe the plans for a wavelength division multiplexed link connecting Livermore with the University of California at Berkeley and describe plans for a transparent, /spl ap/=10 Gb/s ring around San Francisco Bay.
Structural studies of NEMO and TRAF6: implications in NF-κB activation.

NF-κB proteins are evolutionarily conserved master regulators of immune and inflammatory responses [2]. They play critical roles in a wide array of biological processes including innate and adaptive immunity, oncogenesis, and development. They are activated in response to ligation of many receptors including T-cell receptors, B-cell receptors, members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, and the Toll-like receptor/interleukin-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R) superfamily.
The Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

At Thanksgiving — a national holiday here in the USA — many millions of Turkeys — also called “Thanksgivings Birds” — are tightly stuffed with various sorts of ingredients and served to the craving mouths of meat-loving Americans. Mind, however, that these large birds are stuffed postmortem, not before. Imagine what would have happen to the poor bird, if tightly stuffed — into her abdomen, and alive — with your favorite sort of stuffing (mine would include chickpeas, garlic, wine-soaked bread, and thyme). First, the bird would stop flying and then gradually it would hypoventilate, collapse and die. Surely, you could attribute the death of the stuffed avis to bad lungs, old heart, toxins produced by the ingredients used in the stuffing and as always — you could blame the anesthetist. But frankly, there is a huge body of first grade scientific evidence, to prove beyond any doubt that the tragic outcome of your bird resulted from elevation of her intra-abdominal pressure (IAP),causing intra-abdominal hypertension (IAHT) which in turn leads to the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).
The Knowledge Management Toolkit: Practical Techniques for Building a Knowledge Management System

The only "how-to" guide for building an enterprise knowledge management system!Until now, implementing Knowledge Management (KM) has been like nailing jelly to the wall-but not anymore! The Knowledge Management Toolkit delivers hands-on techniques and tools for making KM happen at your company. You'll learn exactly how to use KM to make sure that every key decision is fully informed as you build on your existing intranet, data warehouse, and project management investments. Top researcher Amrit Tiwana walks you through the development of an enterprise KM system from start to finish, showing how every stage can serve as a foundation for later enhancements. 10-step roadmap for implementing KM successfully Checklists help you focus on critical issues every step of the way Interactive toolkit format guides your strategic design decisions Identify your key intangibles-and audit the knowledge you already have Staff your project team and manage it effectively Build a foundation of KM infrastructure that can evolve through results-driven, incremental steps Mobilize your organization's subtle, "tacit" knowledge Calculate and maximize ROI in KM systems www.kmtoolkit.com-stay informed with the author's dedicated Web site, which provides ongoing support and updates from the KM community!Discover the best ways to align KM with business strategy, avoid key KM pitfalls such as excessive formalization and overreliance on technology, master prototyping, and understand the new role of the Chief Knowledge Officer. Tiwana also presents KM case studies from leading companies worldwide, from Nortel to Rolls Royce. If you're ready to transform KM from business-school theory to real-world competitive advantage, start right here!CD-ROM INCLUDED Knowledge Management Toolkit, including an interactive 10-step KM roadmap and easy-to-customize KM evaluation forms -complete and unrestricted! MindManager Personal for creating, organizing, and sharing knowledge maps Performance Now Enterprise, a trial version of the #1 change management tool FrontPage 2000 45-day trial Plus great tools for data mining, integrating mobile systems, workflow, modeling, and more!
Structural and Mechanistic Insights into the Latrophilin3-FLRT3 Complex that Mediates Glutamatergic Synapse Development.

Summary Latrophilins (LPHNs) are adhesion-like G-protein-coupled receptors implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Recently, LPHN3 was found to regulate excitatory synapse number through trans interactions with fibronectin leucine-rich repeat transmembrane 3 (FLRT3). By isothermal titration calorimetry, we determined that only the olfactomedin (OLF) domain of LPHN3 is necessary for FLRT3 association. By multi-crystal native single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing, we determined the crystal structure of the OLF domain. This structure is a five-bladed β propeller with a Ca 2+ ion bound in the central pore, which is capped by a mobile loop that allows the ion to exchange with the solvent. The crystal structure of the OLF/FLRT3 complex shows that LPHN3-OLF in the closed state binds with high affinity to the concave face of FLRT3-LRR with a combination of hydrophobic and charged residues. Our study provides structural and functional insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the contribution of LPHN3/FLRT3 to the development of glutamatergic synapses.
Circulating endothelial cells and vascular injury in systemic lupus erythematosus

In flares of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), endothelial cells activated by immune stimuli are potential participants in the inflammatory processes, which contribute to injury. Elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) may be a proxy for vascular injury, as demonstrated in patients with sickle cell anemia during acute crises. In active SLE, CEC levels in peripheral blood are elevated (vs healthy controls and correlate with plasma C3a). CEC may reflect widespread unrecognized, ongoing injury despite the absence of clinical stigmata of vasculitis in patients with SLE.
Repair of guanyl radicals in plasmid DNA by electron transfer is coupled to proton transfer.

By using γ-irradiation in the presence of thiocyanate ions, we have generated guanyl radicals in plasmid DNA. These can be detected by using an Escherichia coli base excision repair endonuclease to convert their stable end products to strand breaks. The yield of enzyme-sensitive sites is strongly attenuated by the presence of micromolar concentrations of one of a series of singly substituted phenols, and it is possible to derive bimolecular rate constants for the reduction of DNA guanyl radicals by these phenols. More strongly reducing phenols were found to react more rapidly. This electron-transfer reaction also involves a proton transfer. By comparing the expected energetics of the reaction with the observed rate constants, the electron transfer is found to be mechanistically coupled with the proton transfer.
LIF MEASUREMENTS AND CHEMICAL KINETIC ANALYSIS OF NITRIC OXIDE FORMATION IN HIGH-PRESSURE COUNTERFLOW PARTIALLY PREMIXED AND NONPREMIXED FLAMES

We report quantitative, spatially resolved, linear laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of nitric oxide concentration ([NO]) in laminar, methane/air counterflow partially premixed and nonpremixed flames at six pressures up to 15 atm using excitation near 226.03 nm in the γ(0,0) band of NO. For partially premixed flames, fuel-side equivalence ratios (φB) of 1.45, 1.6, and 2.0 are studied at a global strain rate of 20 s−1. For nonpremixed flames, a complete set of NO measurements at global strain rates of 20 s−1, 30 s−1, and 40 s−1 is presented to supplement previously reported data in such flames. The quantitative NO measurements are compared with predictions from an opposed-flow flame code utilizing two GRI chemical kinetic mechanisms (versions 2.11 and 3.0). The effect of radiative heat loss on NO predictions is assessed by using a modified version of the code that considers radiation in the optically thin limit. The linear LIF measurements of [NO] are corrected for variations in the electronic ...
Large Holocene lakes and climate change in the Chihuahuan Desert

Lake-level variations preserved as beach ridges in the Laguna El Fresnal and Laguna Santa Maria subbasins, northern Mexico, record millennially spaced episodes of increased precipitation during the Holocene epoch. We find that the early, middle, and late Holocene were punctuated by periods wet enough to establish large pluvial lakes in currently dry basins in the Chihuahuan Desert; the largest dated pluvial lake covered ∼5650 km2 during the early Holocene. Constructional beach ridges in these subbasins are 221 ± 33 14C yr B.P. (Little Ice Age equivalent), 3815 ± 52 to 4251 ± 59 14C yr B.P. (early Neoglacial), 6110 ± 80 to 6721 ± 68 14C yr B.P. (mid-Holocene), and 8269 ± 64 to 8456 ± 97 14C yr B.P. (early Holocene), dates that correlate with other millennially spaced wet or cold events in the Northern Hemisphere. We attribute these wet episodes to increased precipitation, cooler temperatures, and reduced evaporation following southward shifts in winter storm tracks, which are related to long-term El Nino–Southern Oscillation variability during the Holocene.
Supersymmetry breaking and duality in SU(N) × SU(N − M) theories

Abstract We consider a class of N = 1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories, with gauge group SU ( N ) × SU ( N − M ) and fundamental matter content. Duality plays an essential role in analyzing the nonperturbative infrared dynamics of these models. We find that Yukawa couplings drive these theories into the confining phase, and show how the nonperturbative superpotentials arise in the dual picture. We show that the odd- N , M = 2 models with an appropriate tree-level superpotential break supersymmetry.
Phased array antennas based on bulk phase shifting with ferroelectrics

Abstract A new concept for phased arrays is proposed using a voltage controlled ferroelectric lens. The ferroelectric lens concept uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting; the array does not contain individual phase shifters but rather uses ferroelectric material. This will reduce the number of phase shifters from (n × m) to (n + m), where n is the number of columns and m is the number of rows in a phased array. The number of phase shifter drivers and phase shifter controls is also significantly reduced by using row-column beam steering. Thus, the ferroelectric lens concept can potentially lead to low-cost phased arrays. This paper presents the ferroelectric lens concept, theoretical analysis and design, and experimental results. A brief discussion of ferroelectric materials is also included.
TELEMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF CORE TEMPERATURE IN PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY

Abstract 1. The authors present data establishing the reliability and validity of a method for telemetrically measuring core temperature. 2. The method is designed to be of particular utility to psychobiological researchers.
Port-Access Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With the Use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegic Arrest

Abstract Background . To reduce surgical trauma, we performed minimally invasive Port-Access (Heartport Inc, Redwood City, CA) coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest. Methods . Thirty-six men and 6 women with a median age of 59 years (range, 31 to 75 years) and isolated lesions of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery underwent Port-Access coronary artery bypass grafting. A small (6- to 9-cm) incision was made parasternally on top of the fourth rib. The left internal thoracic (mammary) artery was dissected and taken down through the minithoracotomy either alone or using an additional thoracoscopic approach. Cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted through femoral cannulation, and an additional endoarterial balloon catheter (Heartport Inc) was introduced into the ascending aorta for aortic occlusion, aortic root venting, and the delivery of cold antegrade crystalloid cardioplegia. After cardioplegic arrest, the left internal mammary artery was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery under direct vision. Results . The median left internal mammary artery takedown time was 49.5 ± 21.9 minutes, the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was 59.5 ± 32.8 minutes, the aortic occlusion time was 28.5 ± 7.9 minutes, the intensive care unit stay was 1.0 ± 3.2 days, and the total hospital stay was 5.0 ± 2.5 days. Intraoperative angiograms were done in the first 10 patients and showed patent left internal mammary artery grafts without anastomotic complications in all cases. Two arterial dissections, including one aortic dissection, were observed in patients with preexisting peripheral vascular disease. The other complications were minor. All but 1 patient recovered well, with no major limitations in their daily activities. Conclusions . Using this minimally invasive method, sternotomy-related complications can be avoided, the hospital stay can be reduced, and a safe coronary artery bypass grafting procedure can be performed with the advantage of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest as are used routinely in conventional coronary artery operations.
The AT thermoluminescence band from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the effects of mutagenesis of histidine residues on the donor side of the Photosystem II D1 polypeptide

Abstract A T thermoluminescence bands were measured from thylakoids and Photosystem II (PS II) particles of wild-type (WT) and site-directed mutants of residues 195 (H195) and 190 (H190) of the PS II D1 polypeptide of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . In wild type thylakoids the peak temperature of the A T band (pH 6.5) was at −16.2 ± 0.1°C. Maximal thermoluminescence yield was achieved at an illumination temperature of approx. −20°C, as previously observed in spinach PS II particles by Ono and Inoue (FEBS Lett. 278 (1991) 183–186). In contrast to previous observations, we found only a weak pH-dependence of the A T band intensity, from pH 5.5 to 8 in thylakoids or PS II particles from C. reinhardtii or spinach. Conversion of H195 of the D1 polypeptide of PS II to asparagine (H195N), tyrosine (H195Y), or aspartate (H195D) decreased the amplitudes of the A T bands to approx. 65, 53 and 38% of that of wild type, but did not significantly alter the peak temperatures of the bands. The residual A T bands in the H195 mutant strains showed illumination temperature- and flash number-dependencies, and pH dependencies similar to those of wild type. Therefore, we suggest that the quantum yield of the luminescence, rather than the energetics of the recombinatory pathway, was modified in the H195 mutants. In other experiments (Roffey, R.A., Kramer, D.M., Govindjee, and Sayre, R.T. (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, in press), we concluded that the equilibrium constant between Y Z P + and Y + Z P in Mn-depleted material was dramatically shifted (about 50-fold) in the H195D mutant relative to WT. Since we found no effect of the H195 mutation on the peak temperature of the A T band, we concluded that Y Z is probably not the trap for the positive charge involved in the A T band recombination, in agreement with the conclusion of Ono and Inoue (FEBS Lett. 278 (1991) 183–186). We also conclude that H195 cannot be the redox group responsible for carrying the positive charge for the A T band recombination. Modification of H190 to phenylalanine completely abolished the A T band, but also severely affected PS II donor reactions by slowing the electron transfer from tyrosine Y Z to the oxidized primary donor P + 680 by approx. 100- to 1000-fold. It was not possible to determine whether the loss of the A T band upon H190 modification was due to the removal of a redox-active histidine or to the secondary effects the modification had on electron transfer reactions. We present a kinetic model that explains many of the data on the A T band.
Ordering in the Smectic Phase Owing to Electric Fields

Abstract A recent article contained results which showed that in the smectic phase of ethyl-[p-(p-methoxybenzylidene)amino] cinnamate, the molecules preferred a direction with the long axes parallel to a 5000 Hz electric field and perpendicular to a dc field. It was suggested that the anomalous effect in the dc field might be associated with the conductivity anisotropy, since the conductivity was greatest in a direction perpendicular to the long axes of the molecules in the smectic phase. Results are presented which show how the ordering varies with the frequency of the applied field for frequencies below 5000 Hz in the smectic phase of ethyl-[p-(p-methoxybenzylidene)amino] cinnamate. The ordering in the nematic phase of this material owing to dc and ac electric fields is also described. A few comments are made concerning the nematic and smectic phases of p-heptyloxybenzoic acid.
Practical Exploitation of the Energy-Latency Tradeoff for Sensor Network Broadcast

As devices become more reliant on battery power, it is essential to design energy efficient protocols. While there is a vast amount of research into power save protocols for unicast traffic, relatively little attention has been given to broadcast traffic. In previous work, we proposed probability-based broadcast forwarding (PBBF) to address broadcast power save by allowing users to select a desired tradeoff between energy consumption, latency, and reliability. In this paper we extend our previous work in two ways. First, we introduce a new parameter that allows a tradeoff between reliability and packet overhead to give users more options. Second, we implement PBBF on the TinyOS platform to evaluate it beyond the analysis and simulation from our previous work. Our evaluation demonstrates the tradeoffs possible using PBBF on sensor hardware
High-throughput multistrain polymerase chain reaction quantification of Chlamydia trachomatis from clinical and preclinical urogenital specimens

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen worldwide and causes severe reproductive tract infections. Currently, nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the gold standard for clinical diagnosis, but most NAATs are labor intensive and limited to specific CT serovars. We developed and validated a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay that reproducibly detected CT serovars D, E, F, Ia, and Chlamydia muridarum over a linear range of 2 log10 to 10 log10 genomes with low coefficients of variation from both experimental and human urine samples. CT DNA loads from human vaginal, endocervical, and male urethral swabs correlated well with the BD ProbeTec ET assay (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems, Franklin Lakes, NJ) run in parallel. In a preclinical microbicide evaluation, C. muridarum DNA loads in mouse swabs and tissues correlated well with an immunofluorescence assay. The optimized qPCR system provided enhanced sensitivity and facilitated the quantitative evaluation of clinical and experimental preclinical samples for anti-CT therapeutic and microbicide evaluation.
Discourse of generations: The influence of cohort, period and ideology in Americans’ talk about same-sex marriage

How does cohort affect discourse about same-sex marriage? Existing research shows that both cohort replacement and intra-cohort attitude change are causing public opinion to liberalize, but it has not explained how and why members of different cohorts develop distinct attitudes or how these phenomena vary within cohorts. This article shows how the cultural analysis of social generational change complements demographic studies of cohort replacement to create a more comprehensive solution to Mannheim’s ‘problem of generations’. Qualitative analysis of interviews with two cohorts of Midwestern Americans shows, first, how discourses emerge based on the interaction of cohort and ideology in an informant’s cultural repertoire. Further analysis shows that cohort shapes attitudes about homosexuality because of the mainstream cultural construction of it that informants encountered when they came of age. Finally, in an analysis of exceptional cases, I show that counter-cultural immersion can insulate cohort subgroups from cultural change and that period effects are challenging older liberals to change their pre-existing worldviews. I argue that the analysis of social generational processes, which distinguish the ‘generation as an actuality’ from the cohort, is an essential complement to demographic analysis in generational theory.
Two distinct types of dark-line defects in a failed InGaAs/AlGaAs strained quantum well laser diode

TEM characterization of accelerated life-test failed InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well 980nm laser diodes, prepared by FIB sampling following EBIC, found two distinct types of dark-line defects providing insight for physics of failure models.
Mass Trapping with Blacklight: Effects on Isolated Populations of Insects

Blacklight traps were operated for 43 months at a density of 3 per square mile on an isolated tropical island, St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands, to determine the effect on populations of 25 insect species. Subsequently, the density of traps was reduced to 0.3 per square mile for 18 months, and changes in the collections were noted. The test species were: Agrius cingulatus (F.), Callionima ramsdeni (Clark), Eumorpha vitis (L.), Hyles lineata (F.), Manduca rustica harterti (Rothschild), Manduca sexta (L.), Xylophanes pluto (F.), X. tersa (L.), Heliothis virescens (F.), H. zea (Boddie), Ecpantheria icasia (Cramer), Gryllus assimilis (F.), Microcentrum triangulatum Brunner, Neoconocephalus triops (L.), Schistocerca pallens (Thunberg), Acrosternum marginatum (Palisot De Beauvois), Loxa pilipes Horvath, Nezara viridula (L.), Jadera rufofusca Barber, Bothynus cuniculus (F.), Phyllophaga microphylla Moser, P. portoricensis (Smyth), Calosoma alternans alternans (F.), Conoderus sp. and Lacon subcostatus (Candeze). Many species had decreased populations as measured by BL trap collections during the 43 months, and within a year after the trap density was reduced most had surges to population levels as high or higher than those recorded during masstrapping. Lepidopteran population indices were more affected than indices of other orders. Generally, most decreases and increases in populations appeared to be related to the trapping, but the numbers of some species that were removed by the traps were so low that any effect was indirect. Blacklight traps have a potential as a supplement for other control measures or possibly as a control themselves if the trap area is sufficiently large or sufficiently isolated.
Physiology in Medicine: A physiologic approach to prevention and treatment of acute high-altitude illnesses.

With the growing interest in adventure travel and the increasing ease and affordability of air, rail, and road-based transportation, increasing numbers of individuals are traveling to high altitude...
Electronic and mechanical properties of wurtzite type SiC nanowires

Pure and hydrogen terminated silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires grown along [0001] direction in the wurtzite structure are studied using ab initio density functional theory calculations. The pure wires preserve their crystalline-like topology with only small relaxations on their surface. Also, the pure wires are semiconducting, but their band gap energy decreases with decreasing diameter due to the presence of surface states. As expected, hydrogen saturation induces a broadening of the band gap energy because of the quantum confinement effect. SiC nanowires are also predicted to be very rigid. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume for Isobutane at Temperatures from (114 to 345) K and at Pressures to 35 MPa

Molar heat capacities at constant volume (CV) were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter for pure isobutane. The high purity of the samples was verified by chemical analysis. Temperatures ranged from the triple point of isobutane near 114 K to the upper temperature limit of the calorimeter at 345 K, whereas pressures ranged up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on liquid in equilibrium with its vapor and on compressed liquid samples along isochores. Heat capacity results are reported for two-phase (CV(2)), saturated liquid (Cσ), and single-phase (CV) isochores. Vapor pressure data are reported that are based on measurements of CV(2) along a two-phase isochore. Measurements were also made to determine the triple-point temperature of (113.707 ± 0.030) K and enthalpy of fusion of (4494 ± 20) J·mol−1 for isobutane near its triple point. The principal sources of uncertainty are the temperature rise measurement and the change-of-volume work adjustment. The expanded uncertainty (i.e., a coverage factor k = ...
The diffusion of feminist ideology

According to Converse, the ideas/beliefs of an ideology are diffused in packages—i.e., diffusion necessarily involves constraint. However, a person may become aware of these “packages” and the substance of an ideology of which they are a part without accepting them. Consequently, diffusion produces an increase in both awareness and constraint with the former increasing more than the latter. Diffusion may also take two forms. The ideology may be accepted by more members of the same social class from which the movement's leaders were recruited (horizontal diffusion); or the ideology may spread beyond the confines of the original class to attract the support of the less advantaged (vertcal diffusion).
Computerized infrared spectroscopy: beginnings and some stops by the wayside

Abstract Progress over the past century in techniques for computerized recording and analysis of infrared spectra is reviewed. In the more recent period examples are mainly drawn from the spectrometer-computer interactive systems developed in our own laboratories.
The receptance method applied to ring-stiffened cylindrical shells: Analysis of modal characteristics

Abstract The receptance method is applied to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of circular cylindrical shells stiffened by rings. The receptances of cylindrical shell and of a ring to forces in the radial and circumferential directions are derived in terms of the modal characteristics of each. A matrix equation of free vibration, which must be solved by an iterative technique, results by eliminating the angular variable. An iterative solution is practical, since the size of the matrices remains at two times the number of stiffening rings, regardless of the number of modes of the unstiffened cylinder and rings included in the solution. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing results for specific cases with the results obtained theoretically and experimentally by others. When various stiffener configurations are being considered for a given cylindrical shell, the modal characteristics of the shell without stiffeners may be calculated once and used repeatedly to calculate the frequencies of the stiffened shell configurations. The form of the results offers potential for simplifications which are presented in a companion paper.
Direct Spraying of Catalyst Inks for PEMFC Electrode Manufacturing

Automated manufacturing techniques are needed to reduce production costs for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell electrodes. The work presented in this paper focuses on the use of a low pressure, low volume direct spray valve that uses air pressure to atomize fluids and transfer them to a gas diffusion layer (GDL) to produce a gas diffusion electrode (GDE). Two of these electrodes would then be joined with a polymer electrolyte membrane to produce a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Accurate and reproducible deposition methods such as this will result in less wasted materials, especially platinum, and increased throughput compared to common laboratory-scale techniques such as paint brushing and Mayer-rod coating. In this study, the production of inks will be discussed including a catalyst ink containing platinum nano-particles supported on carbon (20% loading by weight) and a similar analog ink which is identical except for that it does not contain the platinum. Two different substrates, mylar transparency film and actual carbon paper GDL substrate will be used and presented in this study. Ink rheology (viscosity, solids content, etc.) will also be discussed as it pertains to optimizing spray pattern uniformity and process efficiency. Initial results of thickness measurements which are used for determining uniformity and the required overlapping of multiple coats will be presented. In addition, a comparison of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of electrode surface structures prepared by mayer-rod and spraying will be shown. A brief discussion of the future work planned by the authors in order to study the effects of processing variables on actual fuel cell performance will also be given.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Embryoma of the kidney (Wilms' tumor)

Abstract To summarize this subject of embryoma of the kidney which unfortunately carries such a poor prognosis, one usually has to deal with a somewhat pale, fretful, young child running a silent, painless, symptomless course finally coming for a check-up, or because of an accidently discovered abdominal mass whose surface is smooth but nodular and extending one-half to two-thirds down one or other of the flanks. The differential diagnosis is briefly considered and the treatment of preoperative irradiation followed by surgical excision discussed. An almost classical text book type of case is reported; however, the usually fatal outcome came a little more abruptly than was anticipated and was thought, because of the operative finding, to be due to massive metastatic pulmonary embolus. The treatment with no evidence of metastasis is nephrectomy with or without preoperative irradiation, the latter still somewhat of a moot point Embryoma of the kidney carries a grave prognosis, death within a few years at best.
Life stress and health: Personality, coping, and family support in stress resistance.

The purpose of this study was to extend work on factors that buffer the potentially negative health effects of life stress. Using a survey with a representative community sample, respondents were separated into a Distressed Group (high stress, high distress) and a Stress Resistant Group (high stress, low distress). Findings demonstrated that those who adapted to life stress with little physical or psychological strain were more easy-going and less inclined to use avoidance coping than individuals who became ill under stress. In addition, in the stress resistant group, men were more self-confident and women had better family support than their counterparts in the distressed group. Results are discussed in relation to earlier findings concerning "hardiness," avoidance coping, and the behavioral prescriptions of conventional sex roles.
Variations in Predictors of Marital Satisfaction Across More Religious and Less Religious Regions of the United States

Numerous studies have focused on links between religiosity and marital outcomes. Results suggest that various aspects of religiosity predict outcomes such as marital satisfaction and commitment. However, less research has focused on identifying the processes by which these links occur. This study had two primary goals: (a) determine if perceptions of spousal values mediate associations between religiosity and marital satisfaction and (b) examine the degree to which predictors of marital satisfaction differ across different regions of the United States. Data were gathered from 1,513 married individuals living in Arkansas, Utah, and Vermont. Results indicated that religiosity and perceptions of several spousal values were significantly associated with increased marital satisfaction. Findings suggest little evidence of mediating effects of spousal values, but there was significant variation in findings across the three states.
Methodological considerations in developing local-scale health impact assessments: balancing national, regional, and local data

National-scale health impact assessments (HIAs) have been conducted for many years and have become reasonably systematized. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing HIA methods at local scales, in the context of Environmental Public Health Tracking and in other settings. This paper investigates the data and analytical challenges to estimating the incidence of health effects associated with changes in air pollution concentrations at the local scale, focusing on ozone and fine particulate matter. Although it could be argued that the local-scale HIA is simply a more geographically discrete version of the national-scale assessment and, therefore, has similar challenges, in practice, many key inputs in national-scale assessments are assumed to be spatially uniform or vary only at coarse geographic resolution. For a national-scale assessment, this assumption may not contribute appreciable bias, but the bias could be significant for any individual location. Thus, local-scale assessments require more geographically resolved air quality data, concentration–response (C-R) functions, and baseline incidence rates than are often used. However, comprehensive local data may not be available, may be incomplete, or may be time-intensive and resource-intensive to develop, especially for C-R functions for which small-scale epidemiological studies will often be underpowered. Given this context, this paper considers how best to develop credible local-scale HIAs, identifying factors that contribute to variability across geographic areas, study designs, and time periods. This paper also describes which key sources of analytical uncertainty change as the scope shifts from the national to the local scale. These challenges notwithstanding, the paper concludes that a well-designed local-scale HIA, following key principles and recommendations, can be both informative and defensible.
Treatment of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma using irradiation with concurrent intravenous 5-FU infusion therapy.

AbstractTen patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas who had only bypass surgery to relieve biliary obstruction were treated with radiation therapy to the pancreas and liver with concurrent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) intravenous infusion therapy. Treatment regimen was three cycles of chemoradiotherapy with a two week rest period between cycles. 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2 per day) was administered by continuous infusion for the first five days of each cycle. In the first cycle radiotherapy was given to the pancreas to 2, 000 cGy/10 fractions using 6 to 10 mV x-rays. In the second cycle 2, 400 cGy/160 rads/fraction radiation was delivered to the pancreas and whole liver. In the third cycle, 1,600 cGy/160 rods/fraction to a total dose of 6, 000 rods, was administered to the pancreatic tumor. All ten patients completed the treatments without interruption. No major side effects were noticed during the course of treatment. Survival ranged from 9 to 16 months and median survival was 11 months. Symptomatic relief w...
Litter decomposition and nutrient release in ectomycorrhizal mat soils of a Douglas fir ecosystem

Abstract The ectomycorrhizal fungus Hysterangium setchellii (Fisher) forms extensive hyphal mats at the soil-litter interface with the roots of its host tree Douglas fir { Pseudotsuga menziesii [(Mirb.) Franco]}. Microbial biomass, needle decomposition rates, nutrient release from needles and exchangeable soil nutrients were measured in ectomycorrhizal mat soils and adjacent non-mat soils in a second-growth Douglas fir forest periodically throughout 1 yr. Microbial biomass and needle decomposition were 4.0 and 1.1 times higher, respectively, in mat soils than in adjacent non-mat soils during the year of sampling. After 1 yr of decomposition, needle litter concentrations of K and Mg decreased in both soil types, and release of both nutrients was greater in mats than in non-mat soils. Needle litter concentrations of Ca, Mn, Cu. Zn and Al increased during the year in both soil types, but nutrient absorption by needles tended to be highest in non-mat soils. Concentrations of N, P, Fe and B in needle litter did not change during the year, yet nearly twice as much N and P were released in mat soils compared to non-mat soils, suggesting either faster decomposition or nutrient import to mat soils. Soil solution concentrations of nh 4 , P, K, Mg and Zn measured by absorption onto ion-exchange resins, did not differ between mat and non-mat soils. Mat soils had higher concentrations of NO 3 , Fe, Cu and B but lower concentrations of Ca and Mn compared to non-mat soils. Nutrients released from the decomposing needles but not absorbed by ion-exchange resins must be rapidly removed from the soil solution either by plant roots, microbial tissue, saprophytic fungi or via ectomycorrhizal translocation to host trees. Our data suggest that the ectomycorrhizal fungus H. seichelli provides an improved microcnvironment for organic matter decomposition resulting in faster release of N, P, K, and Mg and more efficient removal of the nutrients from the soil solution.
Expenditure reductions in developing countries revisited

During the 1980s, various factors have caused developing countries to reduce government expenditures in real terms. In many countries, rising debt service burdens have squeezed non-debt service expenditures. This paper examines data for 24 developing countries, to see which kinds of expenditures were cut and which were protected. In general, it finds that capital expenditures were reduced more than current expenditures. Among the various sectors of government expenditure, the social sectors and defence were relatively protected, while the productive and infrastructure sectors bore a relatively larger burden of the adjustments.
Remarks on fractional statistics.

Some issues in the theory of fractional (or intermediate) statistics are discussed with an eye on possible applications to the quantum Hall effect: spins and statistics of clusters, invariant characterization of statistics, and the effect of space topology.
Federal open market committee decisions in a markov process

Every three or four weeks, the Federal Open Market Committee meets to decide whether to ease, tighten, or renew the existing economic policy directive to the manager of the System Open Market Account at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.1 A long-time FOMC member has characterized their behavior in the following way: "in the normal course of policy making the actions of the Open Market Committee had been governed by a cautious interpretation of, and alignment of policy actions with, statistical evidence of movements in the economy."2 Thus, the Committee's decisions are made in the context of what has happened to a variety of indicators of domestic and international economic conditions. The changes in the indicators combined with the policy decision may be viewed as comprising a "state," in the sense in which term is used in the study of stochastic processes.3 Each successive meeting of the FOMC may then be associated with a transition from the immediate preceding state to another (or the same) state. It might be reasonable to assume that the chain of observed transitions has a "memory," i.e., later states are influenced by earlier states.
Nonconforming finite element approximation of crystalline microstructure

We consider a class of nonconforming nite element approxima- tions of a simply laminated microstructure which minimizes the nonconvex variational problem for the deformation of martensitic crystals which can un- dergo either an orthorhombic to monoclinic (double well) or a cubic to tetrag- onal (triple well) transformation. We rst establish a series of error bounds in terms of elastic energies for the L 2 approximation of derivatives of the de- formation in the direction tangential to parallel layers of the laminate, for the L 2 approximation of the deformation, for the weak approximation of the de- formation gradient, for the approximation of volume fractions of deformation gradients, and for the approximation of nonlinear integrals of the deformation gradient. We then use these bounds to give corresponding convergence rates for quasi-optimal nite element approximations.
Including quality costs in the lot‐sizing decision

In the past, traditional lot‐sizing decisions were based on total cost functions that did not explicitly consider quality costs such as inspection of incoming materials and damage costs incurred when faulty material slipped through inspection. Rather, the cost of maintaining quality for a batch was incorporated into the fixed ordering costs of the batch. Provides an adaptation of the traditional lot‐sizing model that does explicitly consider quality costs. Derives an expression for the optimal lot‐size under such conditions. Bayesian methods are provided to estimate this expression. Includes examples to illustrate the use of this approach. Demonstrates that the traditional approach inappropriately inflates estimates of the economically optimal lot size.
Treatment of Enzyme Kinetic Data I. THE EFFECT OF MODIFIERS ON THE KINETIC PARAMETERS OF SINGLE SUBSTRATE ENZYMES

It has become evident in the past few years that there exists a considerable number of enzymes with activities that are markedly affected by compounds (metabolites) which are not substrates for the reaction involved. It has become equally evident that in many cases these effects are or may be of considerable physiological importance. The concept of feedback inhibition which describes the situation in which the product of a series of consecutive enzymatic reactions specifically inhibits the first of these steps is an excellent example of this type of effect (1). In such cases the effect may be considered to be physiological since it prevents the accumulation of excessive amounts of the product and directs the substrate of the first of the enzymes in the series to other metabolic pathways. In other cases, the physiological effect of compounds unrelated to the substrate on the rate of the enzymatic reaction may not be so simple, but these effects are probably of great importance in metabolic control and regulation. The purpose of the present paper is to attempt to combine two aspects of the problems relating to this type of enzyme. On the one hand, experimental kinetic treatments have been made on the particular enzymes which have shown these effects, but in many instances the kinetic properties have not been fully investigated and the full kinetic implications have not been realized. On the other hand, theoretical kinetic treatments, dealing with the effects of “modifiers” on enzymatic reactions have been described, but the full implication of what the physiological effects might be and how to treat such cases was not fully examined. Presented here is an attempt to deal with the question of how to treat the data for enzymes which are influenced by substances binding specifically to sites other than the enzymatically active site. Such binding is assumed, of course, to give rise to either activation or inhibition, and these cases will be dealt with in considerable detail.
Cobot implementation of 3D virtual surfaces

Cobots are devices for human/robot interaction, in which axes of motion are coupled to one another by computer-controlled continuously variable transmissions rather than individually driven by servomotors. We have recently built a 3R parallelogram cobot. Here we present a control method for the display of virtual surfaces and for free-mode in which the cobot endpoint moves as if it were unconstrained. We show experimental results on the performance of the cobot in these modes.