cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Urban Explanation of Jokowi’s Rise: Implications for Politics and Governance in Post-Suharto Indonesia:

Earlier explanations of Jokowi’s rise to presidency in 2014 have mostly focused on his distinct qualities or the types of political support he received from Indonesian society. However, such explan...
Qualitative analysis of student responses to survey questions investigating student perceptions of case-based learning

Background: This qualitative study applied discourse analysis to open ended question responses of fourth semester veterinary students enrolled in case based learning (CBL) course. This was the first CBL course incorporated into the curriculum and was delivered via teams of two professors for each of eight sessions. Aims: Questions were designed to investigate student perceptions of CBL and determine how it impacted their learning. Results: Results were reported to faculty to help them deliver high quality, engaging, and challenging CBL sessions that pushed students without being discouraging. From a cognition and learning perspective, students felt that CBL helped with learning at all levels of Bloom's taxonomy, encouraged metacognition, and helped prepare them for clinical rotations and postgraduation careers. From a mechanics and delivery perspective, students desired resources to help them use cases to learn about species in which they have a particular interest beyond the classroom; wanted interactive sessions and in class assessments, primarily involving individual responses using audience response software (clickers); enjoyed class and small group discussions; and preferred little to no out of classwork or assignments unless explicitly related to the case and expectations for the assignment(s) is/are clearly laid out. Conclusions: Overall, most students wanted more CBL and found it engaging, fun, and supportive of their learning.
Minimizing Cognitive Overload in Cybersecurity Learning Materials: An Experimental Study Using Eye-Tracking

Cybersecurity education is critical in addressing the global cyber crisis. However, cybersecurity is inherently complex and teaching cyber can lead to cognitive overload among students. Cognitive load includes: 1) intrinsic load (IL- due to inherent difficulty of the topic), 2) extraneous (EL- due to presentation of material), and 3) germane (GL- due to extra effort put in for learning). The challenge is to minimize IL and EL and maximize GL. We propose a model to develop cybersecurity learning materials that incorporate both the Bloom’s taxonomy cognitive framework and the design principles of content segmentation and interactivity. We conducted a randomized control/treatment group study to test the proposed model by measuring cognitive load using two eye-tracking metrics (fixation duration and pupil size) between two cybersecurity learning modalities – 1) segmented and interactive modules, and 2) traditional-without segmentation and interactivity (control). Nineteen computer science majors in a large comprehensive university participated in the study and completed a learning module focused on integer overflow in a popular programming language. Results indicate that students in the treatment group had significantly less IL (p < 0.05), EL (p < 0.05), and GL (p < 0.05) as compared to the control group. The results are promising, and we plan to further the work by focusing on increasing the GL. This has interesting potential in designing learning materials in cybersecurity and other computing areas.
Grit is associated with decreased mental health help-seeking among student veterans.

OBJECTIVE To examine the role of grit as a mediator of the relationship between student-veteran status and not seeking mental health help. Participants: A diverse and nationally representative sample of students (8,203 women, 4,934 men) from 18 U.S. colleges and universities included in the Understanding Student Distress and Academic Success study was used. Method: Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to assess associations between military service, grit, and help seeking. Results: Military service was positively associated with both facets of grit: consistency of interests (CI) and perseverance of effort (PE). CI, but not PE, mediated the relationship between military service and never having sought mental health help. Conclusions: These results suggest that grit mediates the relationship between military service and not seeking mental health help. Interventions for student-veterans that emphasize the utility of mental health treatment may be useful to diminish the negative influence of grit on help-seeking.
Material Value Ethics in a Model Process for Values-Based Design

Over recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that engineering activities must proceed with consideration of the human values that they potentially affect. The pervasiveness of communication and information technology (CIT) systems in nearly every aspect of work and personal life gives the system providers influence over human thought, feeling, and behavior with a magnitude not widely foreseen until a few years ago. Increasingly complex software, including applications of artificial intelligence that is poorly explainable, are integrated with the physical world through sensors, actuators, control systems, and Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled products. Such systems can pose direct threats to the physical safety of human beings and can negatively impact the environment. The design, deployment, and operation of transportation systems and chemical, nuclear, and other dangerous industrial plants have always required attention to human values such as safety in addition to economic values. However, recent events such as the Boeing 737 Max crashes and data breaches of financial information impacting broad swathes of nations’ populations have brought public attention to the importance of including human values such as safety and privacy in the design, test, and deployment of CIT and hybrid software/control/actuation systems. This is especially the case for autonomous systems that can operate without—or can override—human decisions and control inputs [1] .
Clustering Methods for Particle Filters with Gaussian Mixture Models

New clustering methods are proposed to develop novel particle filters with Gaussian mixture models (PFGMM). In the PFGMM, the propagated samples are clustered to recover a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) using a clustering algorithm, which plays a fundamental role in the filter's performance. Two clustering methods are introduced that simultaneously minimize the covariance of each of the GMM components and maximize the likelihood function. Under the scenarios considered in this paper, it is shown through numerical simulation that the PFGMMs with the proposed clustering algorithms lead to better performance than the PFGMM employing the K-means or the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms as well as the regularized particle filter (RPF) and the Gaussian sum particle filter (GSPF).
Floodplain forest tree seedling response to variation in flood timing and duration

Abstract The regeneration process is a sensitive period within life cycles of floodplain tree species and can strongly influence forest community composition. Yet, fundamental information remains limited on the relationship between regeneration processes and the flood disturbances that, together, construct floodplain forest landscapes. In a controlled greenhouse experiment we tested the effects of complete submergence on six temperate floodplain forest species to understand how flood timing and duration influence seedling survival. Groups of overcup oak (Quercus lyrata), Nuttall oak (Quercus texana), willow oak (Quercus phellos), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), and American elm (Ulmus americana) seedlings were submerged for either 5, 15, 25, or 0 days (control) at the ages of 3-weeks, 6-weeks, and 9-weeks post-emergence. All species demonstrated a higher sensitivity to flooding at age 3-weeks compared to 6- and 9- weeks, indicating substantial changes in seedling resilience within the first months following emergence. Additionally, the heavier-seeded Q. lyrata, Q. texana, and Q. phellos were less or equally vulnerable to flooding compared to the lighter-seeded C. laevigata, F. pennsylvanica, and U. americana across all age groups, especially at 3-weeks post-emergence. The results of this study have implications for understanding woody species regeneration ecology and changes in floodplain forest composition, particularly in the context of hydrologic modifications.
Quality assurance in the analysis of foods for trace constituents

An examination of the results of over 50 interlaboratory collaborative studies conducted by the AOAC on various commodities for numerous analytes shows a relationship between the mean coefficient of variation (CV), expressed as powers of 2, with the mean concentration measured, expressed as powers of 10, independent of the determinative method. Some typical CV values are: drug formulations at a 1% concentration, 2%; sulfonamides in feeds at a 0.01% concentration, 4%; pesticide residues and toxic elements, 10(-6) (1 ppm), 16%; and aflatoxins 10(-8) (10 ppb), 32%. Analytical work at trace levels must be constantly monitored through analysis of reference materials and surrogate samples, and by independent replication.
Nerd thrill your users: Collaborating with liaisons to create an appealing gateway to digital collections

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a case study in which reference librarians were a catalyst for an innovative web project designed to market digital collections to students and faculty. The web project was titled “Image Cafe” and offered users a taste of the materials available in the University of Houston Digital Library in an interface and format that was simple to navigate and that encouraged reuse of the materials, specifically in presentations.Design/methodology/approach – The approach to this project was a collaborative strategy in which a team of digital librarians reached out to reference librarians to engage them in more effective promotion of digital collections to students and faculty. Prior to this project, reference librarians were an under‐utilized stakeholder group whose feedback about the organization and presentation of digital collections had been difficult to implement. The Image Cafe project was an opportunity to pilot ideas directly from the librarians focused on outr...
the theory of exploitative trade and investment policies: a reformulation and synthesis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the theory of exploitative trade and investment policies. It is recognized in the classical doctrine that achievement of an international optimum would require not only a consensus as to the optimal distribution of output but also a willingness to implement that consensus by undertaking lump-sum redistributions of income. If the home country is a borrower and the foreign country specializes, it will be the home country's advantage to encourage the foreign country to withdraw some of its capital, as the resulting excess of capital in the lending country will lower its rate of return there, thus lowering the opportunity cost of borrowing capital. The rationale for taxing income from home capital invested abroad, or from foreign capital invested at home, is quite a different one when the foreign country diversifies. The cases in which the tariff rate and tax rate on income from foreign investment have opposite sign are termed as paradoxical.
A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability.

The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).
Capitalism, Counterfeiting, and Literary Representation

ABSTRACT This article analyzes a dime-novel detective story written in 1892 and based on the then-current Lizzie Borden murder case. In the novel, the murders have been committed by counterfeiters, not by Lizzie, and Lizzie herself is fictionalized in terms of prevailing Victorian stereotypes of womanhood. An examination of counterfeiting and images of womanhood in terms of economic capitalism and literary realism reveals how literary representations function to contain social evils by reconstructing them as texts more recognizable and acceptable to the contemporary society. Also revealed is the instability of these reconstructions as realistic or truthful representations.
Placental specializations in lecithotrophic viviparous squamate reptiles

Squamate reptiles have been thought to be predisposed to evolution of viviparity because embryos of most oviparous species undergo considerable development in the uterus prior to oviposition. A related hypothesis proposes that prolonged intrauterine gestation, an intermediate condition leading to viviparity, requires little or no physiological adjustment, other than reduction in thickness of the eggshell. This logical framework is often accompanied by an assumption that mode of parity (oviparity, viviparity) and pattern of embryonic nutrition (lecithotrophy, placentotrophy) are independent traits that evolve in sequence. Thus, specializations for viviparity should be absent in some lecithotrophic viviparous species. Studies of species of lizards with geographic variation in mode of parity challenge this scenario by demonstrating that placental specializations are correlated with viviparity. Uterine specializations for placental transport of calcium to viviparous embryos alter uterine physiology compared to oviparous females. In addition, comparative studies of oviparous and viviparous species, i.e., in which gene flow is disrupted, reveal that both uterine and embryonic structural modifications are commonly associated with viviparity, suggesting relatively rapid evolution of placental specializations. Studies of squamate reproductive biology support two hypotheses: 1) evolution of viviparity requires physiological adjustments of the uterine environment, and 2) evolution of viviparity promotes relatively rapid adaptations for placentation. Models for the evolution of viviparity from oviparity, or for reversals from viviparity to oviparity, should reflect current understanding of squamate reproductive biology and future studies should be designed to challenge these models.
Overview of genetic syndromes associated with adrenocortical cancer

The volume of literature on the association of benign and malignant adrenocortical neoplasms with genetic syndromes is overwhelming. However, inherent problems arise when attempting to determine the specificity of these associations. On one hand, it is difficult to establish a clear link between the common benign adrenocortical adenomas and the rare congenital syndromes, and one must exercise caution when interpreting these observations. An exception, of course, is the case in which a specific phenotype of functional hormone-secreting lesions is observed. For example, diagnosis may be easier with rare syndromes, such as McCune-Albright syndrome, or with a specific diagnostic response to a diagnostic test as in Carney complex (i.e., the paradox of increased cortisol secretion after dexamethasone application).
Enhanced Recovery of Airborne T3 Coliphage and Pasteurella pestis Bacteriophage by Means of a Presampling Humidification Technique

This paper reports a series of experiments in which two methods of collecting airborne bacteriophage particles were compared. A standard aerosol sampler, the AGI-30, was evaluated for its competence in measuring the content of bacteriophage aerosols. It was used alone or with a prewetting or humidification device (humidifier bulb) to recover T3 coliphage and Pasteurella pestis bacteriophage particles from aerosols maintained at 21 C and varied relative humidity. Collection of bacteriophage particles via the humidifier bulb altered both the initial recovery level and the apparent biological decay. Sampling airborne bacteriophage particles by the AGI-30 alone yielded data that apparently underestimated the maximal number of potentially viable particles within the aerosol, sometimes by as much as 3 logs.
Hovering performance of hummingbirds in hyperoxic gas mixtures.

SUMMARY Hummingbirds evolved during a period of decline in atmospheric oxygen concentration and currently encounter varying levels of oxygen availability along their elevational distribution. We tested the hypothesis that inspiration of hyperoxic gas increases hummingbird hovering performance when birds are simultaneously challenged aerodynamically. We measured the maximum duration of hovering flight while simultaneously monitoring the rate of oxygen consumption of ruby-throated hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris) in low-density heliox that was either normoxic (21% O2) or hyperoxic (35% O2). As air density decreased below 0.85kgm−3, hummingbirds hovered significantly longer in hyperoxia than in normoxia, but the air density at which the birds could no longer sustain hovering flight was independent of oxygen concentration. At low air densities in hyperoxia flight trials, hummingbirds appeared to increase their rate of oxygen consumption relative to flight sequences at equivalent densities in normoxia trials, but these differences were not significant. We tested the hypothesis that hummingbirds can discriminate between environments that differ in oxygen concentration. In another density-reduction experiment, hummingbirds were allowed to choose between artificial feeders infused with either normoxic or hyperoxic gases. The hypothesis was not supported because birds failed to associate oxygen concentration with a particular feeder independently of air density. Supplemental oxygen thus yields increased hovering duration at intermediate air densities, but the minimum density at which birds can fly is limited exclusively by aerodynamic considerations.
Applying the lessons learned from HST operations to new missions

In order to use the next generation of space and ground based observatories for the greatest scientific benefit, the experiences of current missions should be carefully examined to find strategies which have worked well and also to identify areas where new paradigms are needed. With the operation of the Hubble Space Telescope, the Space Telescope Science Institute pioneered the large scale application of non-traditional operations models including observation preparation tools, integrated scheduling for increased scientific return, service observing, and multi-year long- range planning. This paper discusses the key aspects of HST operations, including concepts which worked well and those which did not. We discuss how this experience can be applied to new ground- and space-based missions.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cloning of the Mouse SSTR5 Gene

Five somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1-5) have been recently cloned in different mammalian species. To date the mouse SSTR5 gene has not been cloned. Cloning and characterization of these genes allows for molecular analysis of receptor expression and function. Since the mouse has become a mammalian model that is permissive for genetic manipulation, the purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the mouse SSTR5 to investigate the molecular mechanisms of this receptor subtype. The gene was cloned by screening the mouse 129SvJ genomic library with a PCR-amplified probe from the 5' end of the mouse SSTR2 gene. The probe corresponded to the first 210 amino acids spanning from the amino terminal through the fourth transmembrane domain of the SSTR2 receptor. The primary screening generated 22 positive clones. During secondary and tertiary library screening 3 positive clones with the same restriction endonuclease digestive pattern were isolated. The nucleotide sequence of 1 clone was identified using a DNA sequencing technique. The sequence obtained was analyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, which performs fast database searching combined with rigorous statistics for judging the significance of matched sequences. The result of this analysis showed that the sequence identified had 92% homology with the rat SSTR5 and 80% homology with the human SSTR5, which suggests that the cloned gene represents the mouse 129SvJ SSTR5 gene. In conclusion the mouse SSTR5 gene was successfully cloned. This gene will be important for use in gene regulation and gene ablation studies to determine the molecular events controlled by SSTR5 in regulating murine physiology and development.
Experiments on Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering with 312-Mev Polarized Protons

4) is heam B C & . ~ @ P ~ t h e di ferrn:ial c r o s s sectior. f o r m b cnz2:1ietc2~ polrrice2 an ~ n p ~ f h ~ $drg&. ( i ibis, i j ~ ~ i ~ p ~ n g ~ a ~ i ~ ~ j r 0 t t.ra-5-el iyi the e direction ~ r , nre polarize2 zloilp rhe 5 l computed from the rekkir?lr: T i i ~ u n t i t l - Po is q
Responsible storytelling: communicating research in video demos

This paper examines the under-explored role of video demos as a consequential form of communicating tangible computing research. Examining the production of video demos, in particular two videos from MIT's Media Lab, I explore the ethical complications of producing demo videos by bringing to the surface the tensions inherent in video representations of research, as understood from a social studies of technology perspective. In doing so, this paper hopes to generate discussion about the challenges and responsibilities of creating accurate and compelling narratives around technology research.
Domain Architecture of the Regulators of Calcineurin (RCANs) and Identification of a Divergent RCAN in Yeast

Regulators of calcineurin (RCANs) in fungi and mammals have been shown to stimulate and inhibit calcineurin signaling in vivo through direct interactions with the catalytic subunit of the phosphatase. The dual effects of RCANs on calcineurin were examined by performing structure-function analyses on yeast Rcn1 and human RCAN1 (a.k.a. DSCR1, MCIP1, and calcipressin 1) proteins expressed at a variety of different levels in yeast. At high levels of expression, the inhibitory effects required a degenerate PxIxIT-like motif and a novel LxxP motif, which may be related to calcineurin-binding motifs in human NFAT proteins. The conserved glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) phosphorylation site was not required for inhibition, suggesting that RCANs can simply compete with other substrates for docking onto calcineurin. In addition to these docking motifs, two other highly conserved motifs plus the GSK-3 phosphorylation site in RCANs, along with the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF(Cdc4), were required for stimulation of calcineurin signaling in yeast. These findings suggest that RCANs may function primarily as chaperones for calcineurin biosynthesis or recycling, requiring binding, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and proteasomal degradation for their stimulatory effect. Finally, another highly divergent yeast RCAN, termed Rcn2 (YOR220w), was identified through a functional genetic screen. Rcn2 lacks all stimulatory motifs, though its expression was still strongly induced by calcineurin signaling through Crz1 and it competed with other endogenous substrates when overexpressed, similar to canonical RCANs. These findings suggest a primary role for canonical RCANs in facilitating calcineurin signaling, but canonical RCANs may secondarily inhibit calcineurin signaling by interfering with substrate interactions and enzymatic activity.
HOW INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ENCOURAGE PHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATION

With patent laws governments intervene into the marketplace to provide incentives to innovators to invest their know-how, time, and money into the creation of inventions under circumstances of the appropriability problem associated with intangible assets. The intellectual property notion of trade secrecy means specific information that possesses commercial value and that reasonable efforts have been taken to keep it secret. Innovative pharmaceuticals, both radical and incremental, are especially susceptible to the appropriability problem in knowledge-based economic activity, for turning a prospective molecule as identified in the laboratory into a medicine that may be distributed in the public health system requires many years of computer modeling, animal-testing and, finally, clinical trial testing. Clinical trials are performed in three phases and each phase results in a plethora of data. Drug laws specify that such data are kept confidential by health regulatory authorities for a period of 5 years in the United States and for longer periods in most of Europe. Sufficiently strong appropriability regimes facilitate licensing and cross-licensing relationships between and among universities and business. Substantial empirical research supports the utility of the Bayh-Dole model and doubts the existence of a patent anti-commons (editor note: the existence of numerous rights holders frustrates achieving a socially desirable outcome), in the life sciences.
Epitaxial growth with phosphorus: 3. Formation of indium phosphide thin films using cyclohexylphosphine, (C6H11)PH2, as the organophosphorus source compound

Abstract The organophosphorus compound cyclohexylphosphine ((C6H11)PH2, PCH) with trimethylindium (TMI) cleanly forms thin films of crystalline indium phosphide (InP) under pyrolytic CVD conditions. These depositions are shown by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and other methods to be polycrystalline InP. Depositions were performed on both silicon (Si) and InP(100) substrates at temperatures and V/III ratios comparable to those employed in literature InP depositions with other phosphorus source compounds. The deposited materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), AES and X-ray thin film diffraction (XRD). The effect of precursor flow rates, V/III ratios, and substrate temperatures on the morphologies and compositions of the deposited InP materials was also investigated for the cyclohexylphosphine-based depositions
Envisioning a New World Order Through Journalism Lessons from Recent History

Journalism and communicative democracy in general were debated intensely on a world scale a quarter of a century ago, during the debates over a New World Information and Communication Order. In this article, I demonstrate that during this period, theory and reflexive practice in journalism were envisioned through radical ideas freely deliberated in intergovernmental, professional and scholarly spaces. I analyze related themes that appeared in statements issued by Third World journalists, and in selected scholarly articles published at that time. Analysis reveals that these themes articulated an alternate, more democratic world order. I conclude by discussing the relevance and importance of these ideas and themes to the present global era.
Pyrazole Ligation to Cobalt(III) Centers: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties of Cobalt(III) Complexes of N,N‘-Bis[2-(1-pyrazolyl)ethyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide

Three cobalt(III) complexes of the ligand PyPz2PH2 (1, PyPz2PH2 = N,N‘-bis[2-(1-pyrazolyl)ethyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide; Hs are the dissociable amide Hs), a ligand containing two peptide groups, one pyridine and two pyrazole rings, have been synthesized. They are [Co(PyPz2P)(H2O)]X (X = NO3-, 2a; ((H3O)(PF6)2)-, 2b), [Co(PyPz2P)(OH)] (3), and X[Co(PyPz2P)2] (X = Na+, 4a; 0.5[Co(H2O)6]2+, 4b). Complex 2b crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 11.842(2) A, b = 11.920(3) A, c = 12.755(2) A, α = 111.21(2)°, β = 103.866(13)°, γ = 106.992(13)°, V = 1479.9(5) A3, and Z = 2. The structure of complex 3 has been refined to R = 6.06% on the basis of 5417 I > 2σ(I) data. Complex 4b crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 12.471(3) A, b = 14.070(3) A, c = 14.171(5) A, α = 71.58(2)°, β = 68.08(2)°, γ = 71.74(2)°, V = 2134.0(10) A3, and Z = 2. The structure of complex 4b has been refined to R = 5.86% on the basis of 6679 I > 2σ(I) reflections. In complexes 2a,b and 3, the doubly deproto...
HOW MICROBES INFLUENCE MINERAL GROWTH AND DISSOLUTION

Abstract Mineral formation or dissolution is exploited by microbes if it favors their survival. Some microbes are able to dissolve a mineral by using it: (1) as a source of energy, (2) as a terminal electron acceptor in respiration, (3) as a trace element requirement, or (4) to enhance competitiveness in a microbial community. Some others form minerals: (1) in the oxidation or reduction of a dissolved inorganic species in energy metabolism; (2) in the detoxification of poisonous inorganic species; (3) in active or passive uptake of one or more dissolved inorganic species followed by conversion into a cellular support or protective structure; and (4) in enhancing their competitiveness in a microbial community. Microbes that interact with mineral substances are opportunists. Many have a significant impact on the mineral world by catalyzing, or controlling in other ways, key steps in mineral formation or dissolution.
Dynamics of abelian Higgs vortices in the near Bogomolny regime

The aim of this paper is to give an analytical discussion of the dynamics of the Abelian Higgs multi-vortices whose existence was proved by Taubes ([JT82]). For a particular value of a parameter of the theory, λ, called the Higgs self-coupling constant, there is no force between two vortices and there exist static configurations corresponding to vortices centred at any set of points in the plane. This is known as the Bogomolny regime. We will develop some formal asymptotic expansions to describe the dynamics of these multi-vortices for λ close, but not equal to, this critical value. We shall then prove the validity of these asymptotic expansions. These expansions allow us to give a finite dimensional Hamiltonian system which describes the vortex dynamics. The configuration space of this system is the “moduli space”—the space of solutions of the static equations modulo gauge equivalence. The kinetic energy term in the Hamiltonian is obtained from the natural metric on the moduli space given by theL2 inner product of the tangent vectors. The potential energy gives the intervortex potential which is non-zero when λ is not given by its critical value. Thus the reduced equations for the evolution of the vortex parameters take the form of geodesics, with force terms to express the departure from the Bogomolny regime. The geodesics are geodesics on the moduli space with respect to the metric defined by theL2 inner product of the tangent vectors, in accordance with Manton's suggestion ([Man82]). This allows an understanding of the two main phenomenological issues—first of all there is the right angle scattering phenomenon, according to which two vortices passing through one another scatter through ninety degrees. Secondly there is the conjecture from numerical calculations that vortices repel for λ greater than the critical value, and attract for λ less than this value. The results of this paper allow a rigorous understanding of the right angle scattering phenomenon ([Sam92, Hit88]) and reduce the question of attraction or repulsion in the near Bogomolny regime to an understanding of the potential energy term in the Hamiltonian ([JR79]).
Electronic excitation energy transfer between Tb3+ and Eu3+ in DMSO

Abstract Excitation of Tb 3+ and Eu 3+ in DMSO with 487 mμ, which corresponds to the 7 F 6 → 5 D 4 transition of Tb 3+ , is accompanied by a reduction in the fluorescence efficiency of Tb 3+ as [Eu 3+ ] increases and by the appearance of a weak emission from Eu 3+ . An average rate constant for both the fluorescence quenching of Tb 3+ and the energy transfer from Tb 3+ to Eu 3+ with subsequent emission from the latter, was found to be (2.2 ± 0.4) × 10 3 M −1 sec −1 .
Temperature dependence of thermodiffusion in aqueous suspensions of charged nanoparticles.

Measurements of particle flows driven by temperature gradients are conducted as a function of temperature on aqueous suspensions of polystyrene nanoparticles and proteins of T4 lysozyme and mutant variants of T4 lysozyme. The thermodiffusion coefficients are measured using a microfluidic beam deflection technique on suspensions with particle concentrations on the order of 1 vol %. At T or ~ 50 degrees C, the thermodiffusion coefficient is positive with a value consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model originally proposed by Derjaguin that is based on the enthalpy changes due to polarization of water molecules in the double layer.
Interactions of divalent cations and guanine nucleotides at alpha 2-noradrenergic receptor binding sites in bovine brain mechanisms.

: Guanine nucleotides selectively decrease binding of the agonist ligands [3H]clonidine and [3H]epinephrine to α2-noradrenergic receptors in calf cortex membranes. In the presence of 1.0 mM-calcium,-magnesium, ormanganese, inhibition by GTP of [3H]clonidine binding is reversed, so that low concentrations of GTP increase [3H]clonidine binding, whereas high GTP concentrations cause a secondary decrease. In the presence of divalent cations, low concentrations of guanyl-5′-yl imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p], unlike GTP, do not increase binding. Differences between effects of GTP and Gpp(NH)p in the presence of divalent cations are also observed with [3H]epinephrine binding to rat and calf cortex α2-receptors. In reversing the inhibition of α2-agonist binding by GTP, manganese, with an ED50 of 21 μM, is much more potent and effective than magnesium or calcium. Manganese by itself increases [3H]clonidine binding by 20% an effect which is irreversible, while the interactive effects of manganese and GTP are reversible. Divalent cations also antagonize the sodium-induced inhibition of α2-agonist binding in calf cortex membranes, and manganese has similar ED50 values in antagonizing both sodium and GTP.
The influence of cognitive coping and mood on smokers' self-efficacy and temptation.

Abstract Previous descriptive and treatment studies imply that the association between depressed affect and cigarette smoking may be strongest among those with limited cognitive coping skills. This study, therefore, experimentally examined whether the combination of poor mood management skills and negative affect results in reduced self-efficacy and increased temptation to smoke. Current smokers were randomly assigned to an elated-mood or a depressed-mood induction condition. State mood, temptation, and self-efficacy were measured before and after the induction. Contrary to prediction, mood induction condition did not interact with cognitive coping skill to predict change in self-efficacy or temptation. However, there was a significant interaction of (measured) state happiness and “positive” (functional according to expert cognitive therapists) responses on the Ways of Responding (WOR) test of coping skills in predicting temptation: those with low levels of positive coping responses and low positive affect after the induction were especially tempted to smoke. This latter finding suggests that smokers with a history of depression may respond well to interventions aimed at increasing positive affect and augmenting positive cognitive coping skills.
Food Safety: A Public Crime

Food safety in the foodservice industry is an issue that is a priority at the federal level. In 1999 the National Food Safety System formed the Coordinating Committee to combat the problem. Since t...
Metabolic fate of fatty acids in the carnitine cycle of brown adipose tissue mitochondria.

Freshly isolated mitochondria from brown adipose tissue are uncoupled with respect to oxidative phosphorylation. When these mitochondria oxidize [U-14C] palmitic acid in the presence of malate the label is found in three major fractions. Polar lipids, rich in acyl carnitines, remain in the mitochondrial pellet. A large fraction, rich in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, is exported to the suspending medium, as is a third, smaller fraction containing ketone bodies and β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaric acid. Prevention of oxygen uptake by addition of rotenone or antimycin prevents accumulation of cycle intermediates, increases formation of acyl carnitines and increases β-hydroxy-butyrate relative to acetoacetate. Rotenone and antimycin do not prevent formation of labeled phosphatidylcholine. Partial suppression of oxygen uptake by benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, amytal or malonate leads to results between these extremes. Addition of lysophosphatidylcholine had minimal effects on export of cycle intermediates, but increased formation of ketone bodies and particularly of acyl carnitines. The significance of lysophosphatidylcholine as an endogenous modifier of mitochondrial metabolism is discussed.
Failure to detect the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CasR) in human osteoblast cell lines

Whether the known calcium-sensing receptor (CasR) is present in osteoblasts is a source of considerable controversy. Prior studies failed to detect CasR in osteoblasts, but more recent investigations purport the detection of CasR in several osteoblast cell lines by immunoblot analysis with polyclonal anti-CasR antisera (4637) and low stringency reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To explain these disparate findings, we performed immunoblot analysis with the 4637 anti-CasR antisera and a highly specific monoclonal antibody to CasR (ADD), and we compared the ability of low and high stringency RT-PCR to amplify CasR transcripts. We found that the ADD antibody detected the anticipated CasR immunoreactive bands, including a ∼165 kDa and ∼140 kDa glycosylated doublet and a >250 kDa dimerized receptor, in positive control mouse kidney, human parathyroid, and human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells transfected with rat CasR, but we did not detect these bands in either wild-type HEK 293 cells or Saos2, MG-63, or U-2 OS osteoblast-like cell lines. Standard two-step RT-PCR using CasR-specific primers confirmed these results by detecting CasR transcripts in positive controls but not in negative control HEK 293 cells or osteoblast cell lines. In contrast, the 4637 antisera did not recognize CasR by immunoblot analysis under the conditions studied and our low stringency RT-PCR procedure amplified nonspecific products in wild-type HEK 293 cells and osteoblasts. Since we failed to detect CasR in human osteoblast cell lines using either the highly specific ADD antibody or RT-PCR under standard conditions, it is possible that the cation response in osteoblasts is mediated by a functionally similar but molecularly distinct calcium sensing receptor.
Porosity and Thermal Cycling Behavior of Plasma Sprayed and EBPVD Thermal Barrier Coatings

Traditionally, thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are used in gas turbine engines to create an insulation layer between the metallic components and the gases in the hot section. Atmospheric plasma spray (APS) is a common method used to produce TBCs. The goal of this study is to study the porosity and thermal cycling behavior of standard (STD) and vertically cracked (VC) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) fabricated by Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) for two different thicknesses, 300 and 600 μm respectively. Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EBPVD) coatings with 300 micron thickness prepared under tumbled and non-tumbled conditions were studied. For this study, mercury porosimeter equipment (POREMASTER 33) by Quantachrome Instruments was used to measure porosity, and pore size distribution. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were obtained for all the samples. The images showed clear microstructural difference between the APS and EBPVD coatings. All the coatings were thermal cycled to 1200°C and the conventional APS-STD (300μm) performed the best followed by APS-VC coatings and EBPVD coatings which performed similarly.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Gene Expression of Acyl Coenzyme A Cholesterol Acyltransferase Is Upregulated in Human Monocytes During Differentiation and Foam Cell Formation

The gene expression and enzyme kinetics of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) were investigated in human monocytes, macrophages, and foam cells. Northern blot analysis using a 1.65-kb coding region of human ACAT cDNA as the probe showed that each of the cell types exhibited four mRNA transcripts. The levels of the 4.2- and 3.7-kb ACAT transcripts were three- and sixfold higher, respectively, in macrophages than monocytes. These transcripts were expressed at the same high levels after conversion of macrophages to foam cells. In contrast, the 6.3- and 4.4-kb transcripts for ACAT were expressed at a relatively constant level in all three cell types. The expression of mRNA for glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, the control gene in this study, was also expressed at a constant level in each of the cell types. The increase in ACAT mRNA was accompanied by changes in the kinetic properties of the enzyme. Specifically, there was a 14-fold increase in Vmax and a 71% decrease in Km with respect to oleoyl coenzyme A. Although not definitive, the concomitant changes in mRNA and Vmax strongly suggest that the amount of ACAT protein increases upon conversion of monocytes to macrophages. The data show that ACAT in monocytes can be regulated by both substrate and gene expression.
Thermodynamics, Chemical Reactions and Molecular Biology

An extended statement of chemical equilibrium calls for consideration of the integral ∫T0 ΔCP dT, in addition to T ∫T0 ΔCp/T dT (= T ΔST0) and ΔHT0—the classical terms of the equation −RTlnK = ΔHT0 = T ΔST0. The integral ∫T0 ΔCP dT is not negligible for macromolecules and particularly biopolymers, and its direct experimental determination at all temperatures down to 0 K is therefore indispensable for thermodynamic understanding of the objects of molecular biology.
Effects of Oxidative Stress on Behavior, Physiology, and the Redox Thiol Proteome of Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Accumulation of reactive oxygen species has been implicated in various diseases and aging. However, the precise physiological effects of accumulating oxidants are still largely undefined. Here, we applied a short-term peroxide stress treatment to young Caenorhabditis elegans and measured behavioral, physiological, and cellular consequences. We discovered that exposure to peroxide stress causes a number of immediate changes, including loss in mobility, decreased growth rate, and decreased cellular adenosine triphosphate levels. Many of these alterations, which are highly reminiscent of changes in aging animals, are reversible, suggesting the presence of effective antioxidant systems in young C. elegans. One of these antioxidant systems involves the highly abundant protein peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX-2), whose gene deletion causes phenotypes symptomatic of chronic peroxide stress and shortens lifespan. Applying the quantitative redox proteomic technique OxICAT to oxidatively stressed wild-type and prdx-2...
Gendered accounts : undergraduates explain why they seek their bachelor's degree

Data from a four-year longitudinal study of undergraduates were used to determine whether males and females give different explanations for their decisions to seek bachelor's degrees and whether these differences could be explained by three mediating variables: performance levels, expectations, and attainment values. Females were found to give more importance to internal reasons than males did, but males gave higher ratings to items measuring academic drift, including luck. Females had higher academic performance levels than males, but no gender differences were found for expectations and attainment values, and performance levels did not explain gender differences in reasons for seeking the degree. An historic shift in gender ideology is proposed as an explanation for the findings.
A Survey of the Campus Climate for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual University Members

Abstract Although lesbian, gay, and bisexual people on college campuses are gaining visibility and the rights of lesbian, gay, and bisexual students and staff are increasingly recognized and/or protected, the overall climate of the campus remains hostile and often not conducive to professional growth. A random survey of 3000 employees of a Big Ten institution demonstrated a wide range of attitudes and reactions to lesbian, gay, and bisexual issues. One-fourth of the sample had apparently negative attitudes and 47% did not favor granting health benefits to partners of lesbian, gay, and bisexual employees. These findings are discussed in relation to efforts to educate staff and to decrease hostile workplaces.
“Provincial Cosmopolitanism” in Late Ottoman Anatolia: An Armenian Shoemaker's Memoir

This paper examines the nature of late Ottoman provincial intercommunal interactions and affiliations as they appear in the memoir of Hovhannes Cherishian (1886–1967), a shoemaker from late Ottoman Marash (present-day Kahramanmaras, in southeastern Turkey). The paper is situated within the larger discourse of “untold histories” that historians have begun to address in revising the deeply ingrained post-Ottoman nationalist historiographies that dominate both academic and popular discourses. Conventional historiographies have represented former late Ottoman subject communities (e.g., Greek, Jewish, Armenian) as insulated and homogenous proto-nation-states. In the revisionist historiography, the late Ottoman Armenian voice, especially the provincial one, has been noticeably absent. Here I utilize Cherishian's memoir to examine the life and thoughts of one late Ottoman Armenian provincial subject. I focus especially on his treatment of intercommunal interactions in Anatolia and present-day Syria between 1897 and 1922. His accounts of these often extended intercommunal interactions, affiliations, and networks are characterized by intercommunal and interpersonal openness, sympathy, intimacy, and pleasure, even as he presents them side-by-side with descriptions of deportation and death at the hands of the late Ottoman state. I develop the idea of what I call “provincial cosmopolitanism” to conceptualize and represent the disposition, affinity, and process of identity formation that enabled Cherishian to create and operate these interpersonal relationships and networks that propelled his life, a historical condition to which we are not currently privy in most historiographical accounts of the late Ottoman period.