cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using weighted tagging to facilitate enterprise search

Motivated by the success of social tagging in web communities, this paper proposes a novel document tagging method more suitable for the enterprise environment, named weighted tagging. The method allows users to tag a document with weighted tags which are then used as an additional source for the query matching and relevance scoring to improve the search results. The method enables a user-driven search result ranking by adapting the relevance score of a search result through weighted tags based on user feedbacks. A prototype intranet search system has been built to demonstrate the viability of the method.
Child Poverty within the Ecology of America’s Families

By the end of the 1980s, approximately 20% of America’s children were poor, an increase across the decade of 17% in the national rate of child poverty. Moreover, Phillips and Bridgman (1995, p. 1) note that in 1993 “poverty among American children reached its highest level in 30 years.” Indeed, 22.7% (or 15.7 million) of America’s children were poor in 1993 (Bureau of the Census, 1994). Moreover, as noted in Chapter 1, there was no improvement in the rate of child poverty in America during the latter years of the twentieth century.
Imaging diffractors using wave-equation migration

ABSTRACTWe have developed a fast and practical wave-equation-based migration method to image subsurface diffractors. The method is composed of three steps in our implementation. First, it decomposes extrapolated receiver wavefields at every imaging point into local plane waves by a linear Radon transform; the transform is realized by a novel computationally efficient recursive algorithm. Second, the decomposed plane waves are zero lag-correlated with the incident source wavefields, where the incident angles are computed via the structure tensor approach. The resulting prestack images are binned into dip-angle gathers according to the directions of the decomposed plane waves and the calculated incident angles. Third, a windowed median filter is applied to the dip-angle gathers to suppress the focused reflection energy, and it produces the desired diffraction images. This method is tested on synthetic and field data. The results demonstrate that it is resistant to random noise, computationally efficient, an...
Semiconductor-Based, Solar-Driven Photochemical Cells for Fuel Generation from Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Solutions.

There has been active interest to identify new methods to reduce CO2 into usable fuel sources. In this work, we demonstrate two types of photo-electrochemical cells (PECs) that photoreduce CO2 directly to formate in aqueous solutions both in the presence and absence of external bias or additional electron sources. The photocathodes were either a CuFeO2/CuO electrode or a bilayer of CdTe on NiO, whereas the photoanode was a bilayer of NiOx on CdS. The PECs were characterized by using both electrochemistry and spectroscopy, and the products formed from CO2 reduction were characterized and quantified by using 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. In addition, an organohydride catalyst was tested in conjunction with the PECs, which not only showed a significant gain of 85 times in CO2 reduction (27 μm formate without the catalyst, 2.3 mm formate with it) compared to the NiO/CdTe photocathode system but could also generate methanol under an external bias (10 μm).
Unconventional RF Probes Comprised of Microstrip Patch Antennas for High-Field MRI Scanners

We have developed a system of microstrip patch antennas for replacing conventional RF coils in high-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners. The substrates of antennas were engineered by using high permittivity inserts to provide required resonance responses of miniaturized antennas at 600 MHz for 14T MRI scanners and to produce highly uniform magnetic field distribution in the sampling volume. A tuning circuit for the antenna system has been worked out.
Epilogue: Going “Home”? The Aftermath of the Holocaust for the Jewish Community of Vienna

Family Separation Sealed the Destruction of the Jewish Community of Vienna, by Ilana F. Offenberger
Working memory performance in children with and without specific language impairment in two nonmainstream dialects of English

Using speakers of either African American English or Southern White English, we asked whether a working memory measure was linguistically unbiased, that is, equally able to distinguish between children with and without specific language impairment (SLI) across dialects, with similar error profiles and similar correlations to standardized test scores. We also examined whether the measure was affected by a child's nonmainstream dialect density. Fifty-three kindergarteners with SLI and 53 typically developing controls (70 African American English, 36 Southern White English) were given a size judgment working memory task, which involved reordering items by physical size before recall, as well as tests of syntax, vocabulary, intelligence, and nonmainstream density. Across dialects, children with SLI earned significantly poorer span scores than controls, and made more nonlist errors. Span and standardized language test performance were correlated; however, they were also both correlated with nonmainstream density. After partialing out density, span continued to differentiate the groups and correlate with syntax measures in both dialects. Thus, working memory performance can distinguish between children with and without SLI and is equally related to syntactic abilities across dialects. However, the correlation between span and nonmainstream dialect density indicates that processing-based verbal working memory tasks may not be as free from linguistic bias as often thought. Additional studies are needed to further explore this relationship.
The p -Harmonic Measure of Small Axially Symmetric Sets

Using the first eigenvalue/eigenvector pair of a singular eigenvalue problem (motivated by the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a spherical cap), we define certain nonnegative p-superharmonic and p-subharmonic functions on a convex cone which are singular at the vertex and vanish on the rest of the boundary. We use these functions to give upper and lower estimates of the p-harmonic measure near the vertex of the cone as well as the p-harmonic measure of a small spherical cap.
Cognitive Control Ability Mediates Prediction Costs in Monolinguals and Bilinguals

Abstract In this study, we examined the role that cognitive control and language regulation ability play in mediating readers’ susceptibility to prediction error costs when reading in the native language (L1) or a second language (L2). Twenty-four English monolinguals (Experiment 1) and 28 Chinese-English bilinguals (Experiment 2) read sentences in English while their EEG was recorded. The sentences varied in the predictability of an upcoming expected word and in whether that prediction was confirmed. Monolinguals showed sensitivity to sentence contexts in which expectations were not met (i.e., when unexpected words were encountered) in the form of a late, frontally-distributed positivity, but for bilinguals this effect was more complex. For both groups, performance on the prediction task was modulated by individual differences on the AX-CPT, a measure of inhibitory control. However, the bilinguals' reading performance in the L2 was affected not only by inhibitory control, but also by their performance on an L1 verbal fluency task that indexed language regulation and production capability, related to their language dominance and immersion context. Bilinguals with better regulation of the L1 generated a larger frontal positivity in response to unexpected words in the L2, an effect that was attenuated by inhibitory control ability. In contrast, bilinguals with lower regulatory ability generated a larger, late negativity, which was also mediated by control. These findings suggest that the ability to regulate the native language when immersed in a second language environment can influence mechanisms underlying the prediction process when reading in the L2. In addition, cognitive control ability, specifically inhibitory control, appears to mediate the difficulty readers incur when predictions are disconfirmed, not only in the native language, but also for proficient bilinguals reading in the L2. We argue that the mechanisms engaged during prediction in the L1 and L2 are fundamentally the same, and that what differs for bilinguals are the additional demands imposed by their language experience and language use.
Exploring Methods to Make 3-D Images of Historic Clothing Using Photogrammetry

Photogrammetry is a method to make a digital three-dimensional (3-D) image of an object by combining photographs. Photogrammetry has potential for a plethora of uses in the apparel field, such as analysis and preservation of historic garments and garment fit. However, further exploration is needed to understand the method. The purpose of this abstract is to research how photogrammetry can be successfully applied to documenting historic clothing. To achieve this purpose, a series of experiments were conducted to identify the procedures that resulted in the highest quality and most accurate measurements of historic clothing. The best method is given camera settings, artifact background, number of photographs taken, distance from subject, lighting, and scale bar position.
Pattern, Scale, and Variability: An Ecological Perspective

One of the fundamental challenges of ecological science is to blend population and community theory, to examine the relationships among phenomena occurring on different scales and the dynamic processes underlying the emergence of pattern. It is a challenge incompletely met; yet community ecology, in its search for integration, is leagues ahead of ecosystems ecology. There, the need and desire for synthesis are at least as great, but the gap separating the subject from population biology remains virgin territory. In each of these quests, reductionistic and holistic approaches must be wedded; in each, the goals are to understand system structure and function in relation to the dynamics at lower levels of organization, and to understand how changes at higher levels may filter down to influence lower levels.
Enhancing Forecasting Capability of Excel with User Defined Functions

Abstract We have developed seven user defined functions (UDF) related to forecasting. The first four functions are forexponential smoothing. These are simple exponential smoothing, Holt’s fit, Winter’s method and Holt-Winter method. The next three functions can be used to calculate forecasting errors. These errors are meansquare error (MSE), mean absolute difference (MAD) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). TheseUDFs eliminate the need for intermediate steps in exponential smoothing and error calculations. Thesefunctions are as easy to use as other forecast related (statistical) functions, such as “Trend” and “Correl”.Moreover, our functions present users with choices. They can choose to provide (or not to provide) initialvalues and seasonal indices (where applicable). These characteristics make our functions user-friendly andflexible, and therefore enhance the power and usefulness of excel for forecasting. Keywords Forecasting, Exponential Smoothing, User Defined Function, UDF
Patterns of recurrence in patients with sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) treated with multimodality therapy at a single center.

e17575Background: SNUCs are rare and without established therapeutic standards. This is a retrospective review of therapeutic outcomes in pts with SNUCs treated at our center. Methods: Data was col...
Arrests Among High-Risk Youth Following Emergency Department Treatment for an Assault Injury.

Introduction Violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for youth, with more than 600,000 emergency department visits annually for assault-related injuries. Risk for criminal justice involvement among this population is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize arrests among high-risk, assault-injured, drug-using youth following emergency department treatment. Methods Youth (aged 18–24 years) with past 6-month drug use who were seeking emergency department treatment for either an assault or for non-violence reasons were enrolled (December 2009–September 2011) in a 2-year longitudinal study. Arrests in the 24 months following the emergency department visit were analyzed in 2016–2017 using survival analysis of objective Law Enforcement Information Network data. Hazard ratios quantifying the association between risk factors for arrest were estimated using Cox regression. Results In the longitudinal cohort, 511 youth seeking emergency department care (assault injury group n=299, comparison group n=212) were aged ≥18 years and were included for analysis. Youth in the assault injury group cohort had a 47% higher risk of arrest than the comparison group (38.1% vs 25.9%, RR=1.47, p Conclusions Drug-using assault-injured youth have high rates of arrest. Emergency department and community interventions addressing substance use and violence involvement may aid in decreasing negative violence and criminal justice outcomes among high-risk youth. Trial registration This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01152970.
Time and freestyle piling: a subjective approach to 3D printing

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the influence of 3D printers on the temporality and subjectivity of making by looking at current 3D printing processes through the concept of ‘duration’ that was theori...
Imaging of the B2 Glenoid: An Assessment of Glenoid Wear.

BackgroundGlenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) carries a spectrum of morphology and wear patterns of the glenoid surface exemplified by complex patterns such as glenoid biconcavity and acquired retrove...
Machine perfusion of donor kidneys may reduce graft rejection.

Recent evidence suggests that hypothermic machine perfusion of donor kidneys reduces delayed graft function (DGF). This study addresses the effect of machine perfusion (MP) on allograft rejection in the United States. We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing kidney-alone transplants in the UNOS database from June 30, 2004 to May 31, 2017. DGF was defined as dialysis requirement in the first week post-transplant; graft rejection was defined at 6 months and 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for recipient and donor factors evaluated the effect of MP on DGF and graft rejection. Records for 79 300 kidney transplants meeting inclusion criteria were abstracted, 42% of which underwent MP. MP kidneys came from older donors, were more likely to have been obtained following donation after cardiac death, and had longer cold ischemic times. Rates of DGF and rejection were similar between MP and static storage kidneys. Following adjustment, recipients of MP kidneys were less likely to experience rejection at 1 year (OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.86-0.97] P = .002), but not at 6 months post-transplantation (OR 0.94 [0.88-1.02] P = .07). This effect persisted following adjustment for cold ischemic time. This study adds to the accumulating evidence demonstrating improved outcomes following MP of kidneys. We encourage protocolized consideration of MP for kidney grafts.
Implementing a quality improvement project

The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) demonstrates a commitment to excellence by bariatric surgeons and allied health-care providers, with the goal of optimizing the quality, outcomes, and safety of metabolic and bariatric surgery. MBSAQIP requires that accredited centers measure, evaluate, and improve performance through at least one quality improvement (QI) project each year. The purpose of this chapter is to convey practical steps on how to design and perform a QI project. Specifically, the chapter describes the tools and resources provided by MBSAQIP for conducting a QI project and focuses on the following steps: selecting a specific target for improvement using the MBSAQIP Semiannual Report (SAR), identifying a numerical metric to initially quantify the baseline outcome and ultimately the QI project’s efficacy, developing a formal problem statement, performing a root cause analysis, building a multidisciplinary team to address the problem, choosing a specific intervention or set of interventions, and evaluating the final results of the project.
Immigration, Science, and Invention. Lessons from the Quota Acts

Immigration quotas in the 1920s targeted “undesirable” nationalities to stem the inflow of low-skilled Eastern and Southern Europeans (ESE). Detailed biographical data for 91,638 American scientists reveal a dramatic decline in the arrival of ESE-born scientists after the quotas. Under the quotas, an estimated 1,165 ESE-born scientists were lost to US science. To identify effects on invention, we use k-means clustering to assign scientists to unique fields and then compare changes in patenting by US scientists in the pre-quota fields of ESE-born scientists with changes in other fields where US scientists were active inventors. Baseline estimates imply a 68 percent decline in invention. Decomposing this effect, we find that the quotas reduced both the number of US scientists working in ESE fields and the number of patents per scientist. Firms that employed ESE-born scientists experienced a 53 percent decline in invention. The quotas’ effects on invention persisted into the 1960s.
Lithium-ion battery separators: Recent developments and state of art

Abstract Lithium-ion battery separators are receiving increased consideration from the scientific community. Single-layer and multilayer separators are well-established technologies, and the materials used span from polyolefins to blends and composites of fluorinated polymers. The addition of ceramic nanoparticles and separator coatings improves thermal and mechanical properties, as well as electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity. The state-of-art separators are actively involved in the cell chemistry through specific functional groups on their surface. Among the numerous properties, safety features and long cycle life are high-priority requirements for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
Editorial Engineering and Technology Management: A Growing Field

As the world has struggled against a virus, technology enabled our survival in many dimensions. In many cases adoptions of technologies which would have lasted years happened in weeks if not days. For example, remote health care adoption was accelerated immensely to deal with the challenged health system. We are about to see similar technological innovations ramp up the hard hit economies through many different sectors. As always said, challenges create opportunities. Our field of Engineering and Technology Management is growing. IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS) just finished the first virtual conference: TEMSCON 2020. As a part of it we held an editors’ panel. Holding the conference on line enabled many editors of the leading journals in the field attend the event.
The Off Exchange Routing Decision

A rising fraction of U.S. equity trading volume is being executed away from the national stock exchanges on the over-the-counter (OTC) market. This paper develops a theoretical model of the decision to route off-exchange to either alternative trading systems (ATS) platforms and OTC non-ATS dealers for executions. Using data from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, we compute weekly time series of market shares for all ATS and OTC non-ATS trading centers at the individual stock level in the period of April 4, 2016 - June 30, 2018. We test the model, using a panel-data instrumental variable approach, and confirm that both ATS and OTC non-ATS market shares increase with bid-ask spreads, decrease with on-exchange depth, and decrease with volatility. We extend our model to allow for heterogeneity, grouping venues by the probability of finding off-exchange liquidity. When we estimate our model within trade intensity groups, we find that ATS or OTC non-ATS trading centers respond more elastically to exchange liquidity conditions
Electrode Materials for Chronic Electrical Microstimulation

Electrical microstimulation has enabled partial restoration of vision, hearing, movement, somatosensation, as well as improving organ functions by electrically modulating neural activities. However, chronic microstimulation is faced with numerous challenges. The implantation of an electrode array into the neural tissue triggers an inflammatory response, which can be exacerbated by the delivery of electrical currents. Meanwhile, prolonged stimulation may lead to electrode material degradation., which can be accelerated by the hostile inflammatory environment. Both material degradation and adverse tissue reactions can compromise stimulation performance over time. For stable chronic electrical stimulation, an ideal microelectrode must present 1) high charge injection limit, to efficiently deliver charge without exceeding safety limits for both tissue and electrodes, 2) small size, to gain high spatial selectivity, 3) excellent biocompatibility that ensures tissue health immediately next to the device, and 4) stable in vivo electrochemical properties over the application period. In this review, the challenges in chronic microstimulation are described in detail. To aid material scientists interested in neural stimulation research, the in vitro and in vivo testing methods are introduced for assessing stimulation functionality and longevity and a detailed overview of recent advances in electrode material research and device fabrication for improving chronic microstimulation performance is provided.
Faculty Perceptions of Journals: Quality and Publishing Feasibility

Tenure-track faculty at AACSB-accredited colleges were surveyed regarding their perceptions of 152 journals. Response measures included perceptions of journal quality and the feasibility of publishing in each journal. Analyses of responses from 616 faculty document statistically significant differences in both quality and publishing feasibility across journals, scholarship areas, and degree-granting categories (doctoral versus nondoctoral). Significant interactions were also found to exist across these factors. Effect size estimates for variations in quality and feasibility across journals, scholarship areas, and the interaction of journals and scholarship areas suggest that the magnitudes of observed differences are nontrivial. Listings of the 20 highest quality journals for most individual scholarship areas were found to have little in common with an overall top-20 listing. Overall, these results suggest that area-specific journal ratings provide better information than a single overall ranking list.
Toward Nature-Positive Manufacturing by Adapting Industrial Processes to Pollution Uptake by Vegetation

Many studies are conveying the potential of nature-based solutions (NBS) like forests and wetlands to improve the quality of air and water. However, for practical realization of these benefits with...
The Geography of Rural Aging in a Regional Context, 1990–2008

The population in many advanced economies is growing older, and the distribution of the aging population is geographically uneven within these countries. Certain areas show high concentrations of older people, while other areas remain young. The analysis in this chapter examines population data from 1990 to 2008 at the county level within the United States to answer three research questions: which counties in rural America are aging most rapidly; what factors contribute to the geographic unevenness of rural aging; and how do these factors vary across space? As the baby boomers aged into their 60s during the most recent decade, many more nonmetropolitan counties had increasing elderly populations, and the Great Plains and Appalachia stand out as areas with consistently increasing older populations. However, due to an overall slowdown in nonmetropolitan migration in the 2000s, aging in place has become a more powerful driver of nonmetropolitan aging. This shift has distinct policy implications for rural communities.
The POSH/JIP-1 scaffold network regulates TCR-mediated JNK1 signals and effector function in CD8+ T cells

Signals from the T-cell recognition of antigen program effector functions are necessary to clear infections and tumors. The JNK pathway is critically important in regulating this process. In T lymphocytes, JNK1 and JNK2 have distinct functions depending on their maturation state and cell-type. However, the mechanisms that regulate their isoform-specific activity and function are still unclear. Here, we identify plenty of SH3 (POSH) and JNK-interacting protein 1 (JIP-1) as a multiprotein scaffold network for TCR-mediated JNK1 activation in CD8+ T cells. Disruption of the POSH/JIP-1 complex led to profound defects in the activation of JNK1, as well as deficient activation or induction of the transcription factors c-Jun, T-bet, and Eomesodermin. Furthermore, disruption of the POSH/JIP complex in CD8+ T cells resulted in impaired proliferation, decreased cytokine expression, and the inability to control tumors. Collectively, these data identify a mechanism for the specific regulation of TCR-dependent JNK1 activation and function that is key for CD8+ T-cell responses.
OSCAR and the Beowulf arms race for the "cluster standard"

In the past 12-months we have seen numerous Beowulf cluster-building software packages emerge from academia, industry, and national laboratories. Each of these efforts has essentially the same basic goal “to simplify the life of cluster builders and users while unleashing the inexpensive power of cluster computing.” However, the path taken by each of the groups to achieve this goal has varied greatly. While some groups have strived to write mostly new integrated environments, others have worked to package existing tools into more tightly integrated suites. One of the difficulties facing these groups when deciding what to build is the task of defining their standard cluster. Generally it is a group’s vision of how the cluster is to be used that drives the physical hardware/software configuration of the cluster. It is this vision that results in the significant variations in design and implementation of the cluster environment from each group. It is important to note that semantically, “standard cluster” differs greatly from “cluster standard” as we each can have our own standard cluster without inflicting a standard on others. An interesting trend of similarities emerges when one begins to dissect the various cluster offerings. This talk will consider how this trend should affect the pre-packaged cluster environment market by looking at how these issues are being dealt with in OSCAR. Open Source Cluster Application Resource (OSCAR) is the flagship open source project from the Open Cluster Group – a loose organization of industry, academic, and national laboratory developers of cluster computing software. The first public release of OSCAR was in January 2001 with a subsequent release of v1.1 later that summer. Version 2.0 will release at the Denver SuperComputer 2001 conference in November of this year. V2.0 is a result of lessons learned over the first year of working on OSCAR as well as implementing many of the things discussed but not accomplished in the v1.x release. One of the most significant impacts of v2.0 engineering is the ability to be much more inclusive of other cluster tools while at the same time lessening the hands-on package integration requirements of the OSCAR team as new components are added. By the end of our discussion, I am confident that we will agree that the arms race in cluster computing is beneficial as it brings diversity to our cluster-computing arsenal. At the same time, it is hoped that many of you will consider adopting the approach taken in OSCAR so that cluster tools may cross the various cluster environment boundaries.
[4] Use of vaccinia virus vectors to study neuropeptide processing

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of vaccinia virus vectors to study neuropeptide processing. The construction of a vaccinia recombinant is rapid and not difficult. For example, purified recombinant virus can be prepared in less than two weeks. The vaccinia genome can accommodate large and/or multiple DNA inserts. Foreign genes are inserted by homologous recombination, precluding clonal variations. High levels of foreign protein can be obtained routinely by cloning the cDNAs along with vaccinia promoters. Infection with vaccinia is efficient. Between 80 and 100% of the cells in a population can be made to express the foreign protein. The broad host range of vaccinia allows information to be shuttled readily and rapidly between a variety of mammalian cell types and species. Importantly, experiments can be performed with primary cultures as well as established cell lines. Because cells can be infected simultaneously with multiple vaccinia recombinants, interactions among a group of foreign proteins can be studied in a defined cell system. Finally, vaccinia expression experiments can be performed within 24 hr.
The Theories and Practice of Community Problem-Oriented Policing: A Case Study:

Renaissance of traditional philosophy of law enforcement is revealed in the theory and practice of the contemporary community problem-oriented policing. Taking a historical comparative view, this article explains how the traditional strategy that was originally conceptualised and operationalised in Britain, the country where modern policing originated, has been reserved by Japan, the nation that by-passed the police professionalism movement, and how the tasteful old wine was subsequently poured back into the old bottle. In an analysis of the case of successful application by the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department, the effectiveness of fighting crime backed up by community collaboration was manifested.
Amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia: Implications of the effects produced in brain vasculature and peripheral organs to forebrain neurotoxicity.

The adverse effects of amphetamine- (AMPH) and methamphetamine- (METH) induced hyperthermia on vasculature, peripheral organs and peripheral immune system are discussed. Hyperthermia alone does not produce amphetamine-like neurotoxicity but AMPH and METH exposures that do not produce hyperthermia (≥40°C) are minimally neurotoxic. Hyperthermia likely enhances AMPH and METH neurotoxicity directly through disruption of protein function, ion channels and enhanced ROS production. Forebrain neurotoxicity can also be indirectly influenced through the effects of AMPH- and METH- induced hyperthermia on vasculature. The hyperthermia and the hypertension produced by high doses amphetamines are a primary cause of transient breakdowns in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) resulting in concomitant regional neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in laboratory animals. This BBB breakdown can occur in the amygdala, thalamus, striatum, sensory and motor cortex and hippocampus. Under these conditions, repetitive seizures greatl...
Man-to-Man: A Body Talk Between Male Friends

In this article, the author discusses friendship as a method of qualitative inquiry and howthis method informed research on the social construction of masculinity in male-male friendships. First, a narrative account of a first meeting with a participant is given. Next, the discursive aspect of fieldwork is considered where the author's ideas about friendship as method and “the reach of dialogue” are outlined. Finally, the article focuses on the role of autoethnography in conducting and representing qualitative work on masculinity.
Parallel Algorithms for Large-Scale Nanoelectronics Simulations Using NESSIE

Large-scale computational problems are encountered when one attempts to realize high degree of detail and realism in the simulation of quantum transport in nanodevices. These problems can be addressed using novel parallel algorithms that are ideally suited for high-end computing platforms. This article has two objectives: (i) the description of the transport model and the associated computational challenges within the multidimensional finite element simulator NESSIE, and (ii) the presentation of a new strategy for handling the transport problem and solving the banded linear systems that arise from the Green (or wave) function approach.
New excimer laser technique for the correction of strabismus and diplopia

We used the ArF excimer laser to determine the feasibility of performing prismatic photoablations in model eyes (plastic spheres simulating the eye), and in rabbit corneas. This would correct diplopia and small angles of deviation, and result in minimal refractive alterations. We modified excimer laser delivery system that achieved the desired corneal contour of prismatic ablations. 193-nm argon fluoride laser was used at fluence of 160 mJ/cm2 and ablation rate 5 Hz. 5.0-mm diameter, 40 um corneal epithelial ablation were followed by 5.0- mm diameter, prismatic photokeratectomy (PPK). We were able to achieve prismatic photoablation of PMMA blocks and lenses. No other refractive changes accompanied the prismatic photoablation of PMMA blocks and lenses. No other refractive changes accompanied the prismatic effect. In rabbits re-epithelialization of the 5-mm ablations was complete by day 3, and corneal haze was not observed by gross examination. Epithelial hyperplasia and subepithelial scarring were noted at the deep edges. PPK holds important therapeutic potential for fine-tuning results of conventional strabismus surgery, and for patients with stable diplopia following nerve palsy and ocular surgery.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Crystal structures of a cesium iron(III) phosphate, Cs3Fe4(PO4)5, and a cesium iron(III) oxyphosphate, Cs7Fe7(PO4)8O2

Abstract The reaction of FePO 4 with molten CsCl produces Cs 3 Fe 4 (PO 4 ) 5 , Cs 7 Fe 7 (PO 4 ) 8 O 2 , or Fe 2 O 3 , depending on the length of the reaction. The crystal structure of Cs 3 Fe 4 (PO 4 ) 5 consists of an interlocking network of corner-sharing phosphate tetrahedra and iron trigonal bipyramids with cesium atoms situated in tunnels. The Cs 7 Fe 7 (PO 4 ) 8 O 2 structure can be described as a three-dimensional array containing linked phosphate tetrahedra and iron octahedra, trigonal bipyramids, and square pyramids. In addition to the phosphate oxygen atoms, three of the iron polyhedra share a common oxide ion. The cesium atoms are located in tunnels. Cs 3 Fe 4 (PO 4 ) 5 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pccn with a = 9.838(1), b = 13.913(2), c = 14.076(4) A˚, and Z = 4 . Cs 7 Fe 7 (PO 4 ) 8 O 2 is monoclinic, space group P2 1 c , with a = 8.339(4), b = 22.540(4), c = 10.067(2) A˚, β = 108.63(2)°, and Z = 2 .
Nonlocal pseudopotential calculations for the electronic structure of eleven diamond and zinc-blende semiconductors

An empirical nonlocal pseudopotential scheme is employed to calculate the electronic structure of eleven semiconductors: Si, Ge, $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Sn}$, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, ZnSe, and CdTe. Band structures, reflectivity spectra, electronic densities of states, and valence charge densities are presented and compared to experimental results. Improved optical gaps, optical critical-point topologies, valence-band widths, and valence charge distributions are obtained as compared to previous local pseudopotential results.
Ultrastructural morphometry of the myocardium of Thunnus alalunga

The common ventricle in the heart of the Thunnus alalunga was studied. The ventricular myocardium consists of an outer compact layer and a thick inner spongy layer. The compact layer has slightly larger cells (4–6 μm diameter) than the spongy layer (2.5–5 μm diameter).
Road network compression techniques in spatiotemporal embedded systems: a survey

The storage and manipulation of road network graphs are critical to navigational and location-based services. The widespread use of GPS devices combined with low-cost storage has enabled portable and embedded systems to handle several spatiotemporal operations against a natively-stored version of the road network graph. However, the increase in amount of map detail data over the years poses several challenges for such systems. In this paper, we highlight the need for adoption of road network compression techniques in embedded geographic information systems. We also provide a technical overview of proposed road network compression techniques.
Barley proteinase inhibitors: A possible role in grasshopper control?

Abstract Young growing barley seedlings contain trypsin and chymotrypsin proteinase inhibitors in their leaf juices. The amount of chymotrypsin inhibitor varies greatly while trypsin inhibitor content is nearly the same in all varieties tested. Compana (CI5438) barley has much more total inhibitor than does Trebi (CI 936), Titan (CI 7055), Horn (CI 926), Hiproly (CI 3947) and Hiproly Normal (CI 4362). The distribution of inhibitors in different barley varieties correlates with the severity of grasshopper damage observed by other workers. Barley leaves could not be induced to accumulate proteinase inhibitors after excision and incubation, wounding, or absorption of crude “proteinase inhibitor inducing factor” preparations. Grasshopper damage experiments as related to proteinase inhibitor should be done in the field using yield as the correlative factor.
The scholarly communication movement: highlights and recent developments

Purpose – To provide an overview of the growing international movement of librarians, faculty members, and researchers who are working together to develop new methods of scholarly communication, including Open Access (OA) journals, digital e‐print archives, and institutional repositories, and to press for public access to federally funded research.Design/methodology/approach – Key elements which have created pressures for change in the scholarly communication system are reviewed: the development and expansion of the Internet and networked technologies, and rapidly increasing journal costs due to consolidation, pricing structures and title aggregating in the commercial journal publishing industry. Effects of these pressures on libraries, citing Bowdoin College as an illustrative case, and examples of OA and affordably priced journal publishing models and OA principles and infrastructure are presented.Findings – The OA movement has gained momentum and appears to be meeting with some success, with worldwide ...
Alcoholism and Skin Disease

One hundred and one patients who met criteria for alcoholism were evaluated for dermatologic signs. There were 98 men and 3 women, with an average age of 40.85 years; 40 were white and 61 black. Significant findings were no skin disease in 19, acne in 27, folliculitis in 8, seborrheic dermatitis in 12, tinea pedis in 32, and xerosis in 7. Only two patients had rosacea, which is contrary to previously held beliefs about the drinker's nose.
Metabolism of toxaphene by the isolated perfused bovine liver.

The metabolic fate of toxaphene was studied by perfusion experiments with isolated bovine livers. Metabolic patterns were elucidated by examining toxaphene components and toxaphene derived products in perfusate and liver tissue using gas liquid chromatography/electron capture detection. These patterns revealed that the bovine liver is capable of a very rapid uptake of toxaphene components from the blood followed by a rapid rate of dechlorination. The liver also accumulates partially dechlorinated products with a subsequentslow rate of further degradation.
Extension of the Wall-Driven Enclosure Flow Problem to Toroidally Shaped Geometries of Square Cross-Section

The two-dimensional wall-driven flow in an enclosure has been a numerical paradigm of long-standing interest and value to the fluid mechanics community. In this paradigm the enclosure is infinitely long in the x-coordinate direction and of square cross-section (d x d) in the y-z plane. Fluid motion is induced in all y-z planes by a wall (here the top wall) sliding normal to the x-coordinate direction. This classical numerical paradigm can be extended by taking a length L of the geometry in the x-coordinate direction and joining the resulting end faces at x = 0 and x = L to form a toroid of square cross-section (d x d) and radius of curvature R c . In the curved geometry, axisymmetric fluid motion (now in the r-z planes) is induced by sliding the top flat wall of the toroid with an imposed radial velocity, u lid , generally directed from the convex wall towards the concave wall of the toroid. Numerical calculations of this flow configuration are performed for values of the Reynolds number (Re = u lid d/v) equal to 2400, 3200, and 4000 and for values of the curvature ratio (δ = d/R c ) ranging from 5.0.10 -6 to 1.0. For δ ≤ 0.05 the steady two-dimensional flow pattern typical of the classical (straight) enclosure is faithfully reproduced.
Monte Carlo simulation through APL computer language

Two convenient APL functions with the capability of simulating random frequencies and sample, through the widely used Monte Carlo method, are introduced. Documentations and examples are presented.
Effect of Inhibition of Net Calcium Uptake on Net Fluoride Uptake in Developing Rat Molars

Two methods were used to reduce net calcium uptake by the secretory stage enamel of developing rat molar explants. Neither method had a significant effect on fluoride uptake by the explants. These findings indicate that the mechanisms for uptake in the developing enamel are independent for calcium and fluoride.
Pursuit on a cyclic graph — The symmetric stochastic case

In the cyclic pursuit game the evader, BLUE, and the pursuer, RED, choose one of the vertices of ann point cyclic graph at discrete time 1. If they initially choose the same vertex BLUE receives payoff one. At each subsequent time BLUE may remain where he is or move to an adjacent vertex. RED has the same capability. At no time do RED or BLUE know the other's location. The game ends when RED and BLUE arrive at the same vertex. BLUE then receives a payoff equal to the time of this arrival, i.e. the amount of time for which he eludes RED. In this paper we solve this game under the assumption that both RED and BLUE are restricted to stochastic strategies for which each moves right or left with equal probility.
Frozen Fish in Hatchery Diets May Be Dangerous

Summary 1. Six experiments were run at Hackettstown and three at Leetown. From these experiments it appears that the inclusion of frozen and stored fish in the diet of trout produces good growth and with rainbow trout helps to produce good yields of eggs of superior quality, but that there is danger to the health of the fish from its continued use: 2. For yearling brook trout, 40 per cent of herring (Pomolobus) in the diet was very destructive, causing trout to turn black, become fungused and frequently blind, and eventually to die in large numbers. With as little as 24 per cent, this trouble also developed and caused loss. 3. For rainbow trout it appears that 24 per cent of herring is safe, but that 40 per cent produces a similar condition to that produced in brook trout after seven months' continuous use. 4. An experiment, in which mixed salt-water fish replaced the herring, suggests that the latter may be especially harmful. Unfortunately, it proved impractical to test the effect of fish which had not ...
Optimization of a multilevel checkpoint model with uncertain execution scales

Future extreme-scale systems are expected to experience different types of failures affecting applications with different failure scales, from transient uncorrectable memory errors in processes to massive system outages. In this paper, we propose a multilevel checkpoint model by taking into account uncertain execution scales (different numbers of processes/cores). The contribution is threefold: (1) we provide an in-depth analysis on why it is difficult to derive the optimal checkpoint intervals for different checkpoint levels and optimize the number of cores simultaneously, (2) we devise a novel method that can quickly obtain an optimized solution -- the first successful attempt in multilevel checkpoint models with uncertain scales, and (3) we perform both large scale real experiments and extreme-scale numerical simulation to validate the effectiveness of our design. The experiments confirm that our optimized solution outperforms other state of-the-art solutions by 4.3 -- 88% on wall-clock length.
Enforcing Policies: Enforcing information security: architecture and responsibilities

True information security - the actual, demonstrable and continuous protection of information resources - exists within an organisation at the intersection of the ideal and the possible. Information security policies and standards express management's intent; the procedures and technology in place to accomplish the policies and standards are a more accurate representation of an organisation's commitment to security. If the road to hell is paved with good intentions, the path to heaven (or at least a good night's sleep by senior management) is built of many individual stones that collectively add up to the information security programme.
Static Tests Of TbFe Films For Magneto-Optical Recordings

A number of TbFe thin films on 2"x2" glass slides were evaluated as candidates for an erasable memory. Maximum bit density is better then 1μm center to center, limited by the resolving power of the optics. The homogeneity of the films is very good, at least on a microscopic level. The required incident power in 25 ns pulses for writing a 50% bit is in several cases below 5 mW. A variation of a factor of 2 in write power can be tolerated without an appreciable loss in either resolution or error rate. An externally applied biasing field, H, equal to one quarter of the value of coercivity, Hc, is adequate both for writing and for erasing a bit. As fields of the order of 0.6 Hc did not affect the signal, it appears that the tolerance of the system to variations in H is high. From the limited number of samples that have been measured, one can only make educated guesses about optimum values of these parameters. It seems that the maximum in performance lies somewhere in the 100-1000 A and 800-3500 Oe range. However the maximum is very broad, so that probably anything in this range should be adequate.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Short-term juvenile crowding arrests the developmental formation of dendritic spines on tectal interneurons in jewel fish

Development of jewel fish tectal interneurons was measured as a function of crowded development. The number of dendritic spines on the apical dendrites of pyriform interneurons was counted in the stratum album centrale plexiform layer because previous research indicated that this was the region in which both social deprivation and acute juvenile crowding produced neuronal deficits. Results showed that 100- and 130-day-old uncrowded juveniles had spine densities equivalent to 160-day-old juveniles crowded at 15 fish/3.6 liter for 60 days. Thus, no spine formation occurred after the onset of crowding. Sibling 160-day-old juveniles reared in the uncrowded condition (1 fish/4.6 liter) had already acquired the normal complement of spines exhibited by 4-year-old adults reared at low density (1 fish/25 liter). These results show that acute crowding can arrest the normal course of neuronal development in juvenile jewel fish.
The independence number for polarity graphs of even order planes

In this paper, we use coherent configurations to obtain new upper bounds on the independence number of orthogonal polarity graphs of projective planes of even order. In the case of classical planes of square even order, these bounds differ only by 1 from the size of the largest known independent sets.