cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A variational method for the construction of convergent iterative sequences

Convergent iterative sequences are constructed for the polynomials f m = z + z m , m ≧ 2 , with initial point the lemniscate {z: |f m (z)| ≦1}. In the particular case m = 2 convergent iterative sequences are constructed also for f -1 m , (z) with an arbitrary initial point. The method is based on a certain variational principle which allows reducing the problem to the well known situation of an analytic function mapping a simply connected domain into a proper subset of itself and possessing a fixed point in the domain.
Islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes - a work in progress.

Although pancreas transplantation is increasingly being performed in an effort to provide type 1 diabetic patients with the possibility of an insulin-injection–free existence, islet transplantation is potentially less invasive. This review discusses pancreatic islet-cell transplantation as an evolving procedure.
Spectral analysis of hyperbolic systems with singularities

We study the statistical properties of a general class of two-dimensional hyperbolic systems with singularities by constructing Banach spaces on which the associated transfer operators are quasi-compact. When the map is mixing, the transfer operator has a spectral gap and many related statistical properties follow, such as exponential decay of correlations, the central limit theorem, the identification of Ruelle resonances, large deviation estimates and an almost-sure invariance principle. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we give two applications to specific systems: dispersing billiards with corner points and the reduced maps for certain billiards with focusing boundaries.
Children's social behavior: a cross-cultural comparison

Systematic observations of naturally occurring child behavior in 78 child-parent dyads in Mexican families were factor analyzed, yielding five interpretable factors. These factors were very similar to behavior clusters found in studies of child behavior in other cultures, though the bipolar dimensional structures previously found were not replicated. The results suggest that across a number of different cultures, individual child behaviors tend to cluster into very similar distinctive patterns, but that the bipolar dimensional arrangements of these clusters found previously may have been determined more by the instruments used and/or the methods of data analysis than by the actual structure of child behavior within a given culture.
Towards operationalizing outlier detection in community health programs

Efficient health systems require reliable data. In developing countries the need for accurate data is particularly acute, as organizations are often forced to make decisions on a tight budget with limited capacity for data collection. In this note, we describe recent progress toward developing a set of algorithms that can help detect and classify anomalies in health worker data. Building on recent efforts to use unsupervised multinomial techniques for outlier detection, we outline the steps required to turn a set of statistical tests into a framework that can be implemented by health organizations, and calibrate these algorithms on a large dataset from a partner health organization. Here, we describe the core methods, present results from ongoing analyses, and outline our plan for future work, including plans to obtain labeled training data that will allow us to detect and classify different types of outlier in community health worker data.
ASPA’s Section on Transportation Policy and Administration: A Look Back

The Section on Transportation Policy and Administration (STPA) of the American Society for Public Administration was chartered in 1992 as an organization dedicated to bringing together scholars, practitioners, and students interested in the role played by transportation in society. Although transportation policy and administration is somewhat specialized as a subject matter area in public administration, STPA grew rapidly in the 1990s due in large part to a stable group of founding members who provided both intellectual and organizational leadership. This article reviews the growth and development of STPA from its early years to the present. Attention is given to section activities, including publications, newsletters, awards, and conference presentations. Two themes are prevalent throughout the review: the importance of committed, diverse, and stable leadership and the high level of intellectual and professional discourse that has characterized the work of the section.
Proton therapy for prostate cancer: the initial Loma Linda University experience

Abstract Purpose We analyzed results of conformal proton radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer, with emphasis on biochemical freedom from relapse. Methods and materials Analyses were performed for 1255 patients treated between October 1991 and December 1997. Outcomes were measured on primarily in terms of biochemical relapse and toxicity. Results The overall biochemical disease-free survival rate was 73%, and was 90% in patients with initial PSA ≤4.0; it was 87% in patients with posttreatment PSA nadirs ≤0.50. Rates dropped with rises in initial and nadir PSA values. Long-term survival outcomes were comparable with those reported for other modalities intended for cure. Conclusions Conformal proton radiation therapy at the reported dose levels yielded disease-free survival rates comparable with other forms of local therapy, and with minimal morbidity. Dose-escalation strategies are being implemented to further improve long-term results.
Data, data use, and inquiry: A new point of view on data curation

Author(s): Wallis, Jillian C.; Wynholds, Laura A.; Borgman, Christine L.; Sands, Ashley E.; Traweek, Sharon | Abstract: Data are proliferating far faster than they can be captured, managed, or stored. What types of data are most likely to be used and reused, by whom, and for what purposes? Answers to these questions will inform information policy and the design of digital libraries. We report findings from semi-structured interviews and field observations to investigate characteristics of data use and reuse and how those characteristics vary within and between scientific communities. The two communities studied are the researchers at the Center for Embedded Network Sensing (CENS) and users of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data. We found that the interactions between inquiry, data, and use fall into three categories: foreground vs. background, use of the same data for different actions, and sources of data for reuse. The data practices of CENS and SDSS researchers have implications for data curation, system evaluation, and policy. Some data that are important to the conduct of research are not viewed as sufficiently valuable to keep. Other data of great value may not be mentioned or cited, because those data serve only as background to a given investigation. Metrics to assess the value of documents do not map well to data.
Aspects of the Natural History of Neochlamisus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) II: Characterization of Parasitoid Guilds from Different Plant Hosts

ABSTRACT This study represents the first characterization of parasitoid guilds associated with Neochlamisus leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a group for which minimal information on parasitoids existed previously. Specifically, we combine morphotaxonomic and DNA barcode methods to document the identities and host associations of hymenopteran parasitoids that emerge from egg, larval, and pupal stages of seven Neochlamisus species and four Neochlamisus bebbianae (Brown) “host forms.” Data derive from 7,839 specimens reared from field-collected Neochlamisus eggs, larvae, and pupae. Twenty-two species of parasitoid were identified, of which 17 had not previously been documented from Neochlamisus. These represented seven families: Eulophidae (six species), Ichneumonidae (six sp.), Pteromalidae (four sp.), Eupelmidae (three sp.), Chalcididae (one sp.), Eurytomidae (onesp.),and Torymidae (onesp.). Twenty of 22 species were reared from N. bebbianae, the host for which sampling was most intensive. Conside...
Congenital hepatic fibrosis with dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts. A therapeutic approach.

Abstract A case of congenital hepatic fibrosis with dilation of the intrahepatic ducts is presented. External drainage and lavage of the biliary tract through a prosthetic "Y" tube and internal drainage accomplished by a Roux en-Y cholangiojejunostomy resulted in prevention of the patient's recurrent bouts of cholangitis and sepsis. Surgical therapy for recurrent cholangitis in this disease is reviewed.
Multiple ambient hydrolysis deposition of tin oxide into nanoporous carbon to give a stable anode for lithium-ion batteries.

A novel ambient hydrolysis deposition (AHD) methodology that employs sequential water adsorption followed by a hydrolysis reaction to infiltrate SnO2 nanoparticles into the nanopores of mesoporous carbon in a conformal and controllable manner is introduced. The empty space in the SnO2/C composites can be adjusted by varying the number of AHD cycles. An SnO2/C composite with an intermediate SnO2 loading exhibited an initial specific delithiation capacity of 1054 mAh g(-1) as an anode for Li-ion batteries. The capacity contribution from SnO2 in the composite electrode approaches the theoretical capacity of SnO2 (1494 mAh g(-1)) if both Sn alloying and SnO2 conversion reactions are considered to be reversible. The composite shows a specific capacity of 573 mAh g(-1) after 300 cycles, that is, one of the most stable cycling performances for SnO2/mesoporous carbon composites. The results demonstrated the importance of well-tuned empty space in nanostructured composites to accommodate expansion of the electrode active mass during alloying/dealloying and conversion reactions.
The reliability and prognostic implications of a simplified bone age classification system for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Results Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.76 to 0.88. For example, one rater’s reading corresponded to a 0% risk of the curve reaching surgical magnitude, while the other rater’s reading for the same subject corresponded to a 92% risk. The high level of agreement in DSA found by Sanders et. al was replicated in this study, and would be considered “substantial” to “almost perfect” using widely applied standards [3] Despite this agreement, different prognoses were predicted for 11% of these subjects.
“There is tragedy on both sides of the layoffs:” Privatization and the Urban Crisis in Baltimore

By the 1960s, the urban crisis in the United States was well underway. Structural trans-formations in the postwar economy and accelerating deindustrialization contributed to high rates of unemployment in many cities in the nation's old industrial core. During the 1970s and 1980s, the urban crisis worsened. This article argues that the macroeconomic policies of Presidents Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, and Ronald Reagan fueled urban decline. Responding to the waning hegemony of the United States in the global economy as well as to a domestic corporate crisis of profitability, the presidents pursued macroeconomic agendas that prioritized the revitalization of American economic dominance. Macroeconomic policy decisions in combination with white-backlash pressures constrained the range of urban policies the presidents could pursue and often compelled privatization. The federal-level decisionmaking had devastating consequences in Baltimore, Maryland, the city discussed in this article. The macroeconomic and urban policies had racialized and gendered outcomes that plunged the city into the most acute phase of the urban crisis.
The Nonprofit Clinic at the University of Pittsburgh: preparing students for transition to professional settings:

The Nonprofit Clinic at the University of Pittsburgh gives graduate students the opportunity to serve as management consultants to nonprofit organizations. This article describes the learning objec...
Relationships among Four-Dimensional Hybrid Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation Algorithms with Full and Approximate Ensemble Covariance Localization

Ensemble‐variational data assimilation algorithms that can incorporate the time dimension (fourdimensional or 4D) and combine static and ensemble-derived background error covariances (hybrid) are formulated in general forms based on the extended control variable and the observation-space-perturbation approaches. The properties and relationships of these algorithms and their approximated formulations are discussed. The main algorithms discussed include the following: 1) the standard ensemble 4DVar (En4DVar) algorithm incorporating ensemble-derived background error covariance through the extended control variable approach, 2) the 4DEnVar neglecting the time propagation of the extended control variable (4DEnVar-NPC), 3) the 4D ensemble‐variational algorithm based on observation space perturbation (4DEnVar), and 4) the 4DEnVar with no propagation of covariance localization (4DEnVar-NPL). Without the static background error covariance term, none of the algorithms requires the adjoint model except for En4DVar. Costly applications of the tangent linear model to localized ensemble perturbations can be avoided by making the NPC and NPL approximations. It is proven that En4DVar and 4DEnVar are mathematically equivalent, while 4DEnVar-NPC and 4DEnVar-NPL are mathematically equivalent. Such equivalences are also demonstrated by single-observation assimilation experiments with a 1D linear advection model. The effects of the non-flow-following or stationary localization approximations are also examined through the experiments. All of the above algorithms can include the static background error covariance term to establish a hybrid formulation.Whenthestatictermisincluded,allalgorithmswillrequireatangentlinearmodelandanadjoint model. The first guess at appropriate time (FGAT) approximation is proposed to avoid the tangent linear and adjoint models. Computational costs of the algorithms are also discussed.
Medical Aspects of Psychiatric Treatment of Children

There was once an era in which “medical model” thinking and learning theory were seen as opposed and mutually exclusive, as if mental health practitioners could handle only one major conceptual model. Inclusion of this chapter in a book on behavior therapy represents the growing consensus that human behavior is complex enough to require more than one conceptual approach; even as we focus on the one, it is important to remind ourselves of the other. We wish to avoid adopting behavioral methods as our main treatment for brain tumors, just as we wish to avoid drugging children who have learned to get their way through tantrums.
Mechanics of origin of flow liquefaction instability under proportional strain triaxial compression

We define a flow liquefaction potential for determining flow liquefaction susceptibility during proportional strain triaxial compression . The flow liquefaction potential is a function of inconsistency between the natural dilative tendency of the soil and the imposed dilatancy during proportional strain triaxial compression. It helps us analyze why given the right conditions, a loose soil that contracts during drained triaxial compression and liquefies under undrained triaxial compression may be stable under proportional strain triaxial compression. Conversely, we also use the flow liquefaction potential to analyze why a dense soil that dilates during drained triaxial compression and is stable under undrained triaxial compression may liquefy under proportional strain triaxial compression. The undrained loose case is a special case of proportional strain triaxial compression under which a soil can liquefy. The central objective of this paper was to investigate the origins of flow liquefaction instability. Hence, we also analyze stress evolution during proportional strain triaxial compression and discuss the mechanics of the test leading up to flow liquefaction instability. We arrive at a necessary precursor for instability, which can serve as a warning sign for flow liquefaction instability, while the soil is still stable. The precursor is not a condition of sufficiency and should also not be confused with the onset of instability itself. The same loading must be applied continuously to induce flow liquefaction instability. The current progress is encouraging and facilitates a deeper understanding of origin of flow liquefaction instabilities.
Epiphyseal Coxa Vara or Displacement of the Capital Epiphysis of the Femur in Adolescence

This Classic Article is a redacted reprint of the original work by J.A. Key, ''Epiphyseal coxa vara or displacement of the capital epiphysis of the femur in adolescence.'' (Note the case reports and associated fig- ures were deleted but are available in the supplemental reprint of the original article available online.) An accompanying biographical sketch of J.A. Key is avail-
The Economic Impact of the Value Chain of a Marcellus Shale Well

The Economic Impact of the Value Chain of a Marcellus Shale Well Site examines the direct economic impact of a Marcellus Shale well located in Southwestern Pennsylvania. This study seeks to fill a critical information gap on the impact of gas drilling and extraction from Marcellus Shale deposits deep underground: an assessment of the economic impacts – emphasizing the direct economic impact, rather than just focusing on the perceived benefits and impacts affecting the region. Our analysis is based on extensive field research, including a site visit and interviews with industry participants. It is further cross-validated by examining similar costs for development of Marcellus Wells by a vertically-integrated exploration and production firm.
Indiana university's enterprise portal as a service delivery framework

Indiana University has embarked on a journey to create an enterprise portal, a place to which faculty, staff, students, alumni, prospective students and others will travel to uncover a broad array of dynamic Web services. "OneStart" (http://onestart.iu.edu) provides a compelling place for faculty, staff and students to find services with the intent of developing lifelong campus citizens of IU. Indiana University is a large and complex institution consisting of eight campuses, over 92,000 students and 445,000 alumni. Developing one enterprise portal for the entire institution presents tremendous challenges. IU's portal strategy hinges on the ability to provide a "service delivery framework." This framework provides single sign-on, customization, personalization and workflow. By making use of component based design methodologies, the framework also provides a flexible publishing environment allowing services to be created by different Web development teams across all IU campuses. This chapter describes the motivation and strategy behind the creation of OneStart, the enterprise portal service delivery framework at Indiana University.
The Annual Testicular Cycle and Horn Casting in the Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana)

Investigation of 55 pairs of testes from adult and yearling prong-horns ( Antilocapra americana ) indicated that diameter of interstitial cells and their nuclei, degree of spermatogenesis, and weight of testes were at an annual low during January and February. Testicular weight increased 2.5 fold by August. In April the epididymides were packed with spermatozoa and the interstitial cells reached maximal diameters. The epididymides remained full of spermatozoa until December, but the interstitial cells regressed from April to January. The testes of a 3-month-old fawn were infantile; the seminiferous tubules were without patent lumena and no stereocilia were present in the epididymides. A 5-month-old fawn had testes at the prepubertal stage; the lumena of the seminiferous tubules were patent and stereocilia were present in the epididymides. Hardening of new horny tissue began in September about the time testicular development was at its height. The horns were cast about 2 months after the rut while the testes were declining in weight.
Long-term recording of external urethral sphincter EMG activity in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats

The external urethral sphincter muscle (EUS) plays an important role in urinary function and often contributes to urinary dysfunction. EUS study would benefit from methodology for longitudinal reco...
Masters of the Drum: Black Lit/oratures Across the Continuum

Acknowledgments Introduction: Modality, in Continuum Drumtalk: Black Rhetorics, Black Rhythms, Black Writings Wayfaring Roots To Reveal and to Heal: Some Thoughts on African-American Literature and Criticism Since the Sixties Blacking the Zero: Toward a Semiotics of Neo-Hoodoo Blue Syntaxophones: The Poetry of Bob Kaufman Vibration Positive Derek Walcott: History as Dis-ease Re/Vision and Resistance in Caribbean Women's Writing Working Toward the Light: A Conversation with Lorna Goodison Set Your Minds to Africa The Untold Stories in Armah's Why Are We So Blest? Theory and Its Discontents: An African Instance Occupying Ambiguous Territory: A Conversation with Nuruddin Farah Index
Scene size limits for polar format algorithm

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a form of remote sensing where coherent radar echoes transmitted from a moving platform are processed to form an image of a scene, usually on the ground. There are several algorithms that have been developed with varying levels of complexity and accuracy. In applications with large scene size requirements, the choice of image formation algorithm is important. Exact imaging algorithms like the back-projection algorithm (BPA) can form large images without errors, but they are computationally expensive. Another well-known algorithm is the polar format algorithm (PFA), which is significantly faster than BPA, but it uses approximations that cause image errors in large scenes. In this paper, we evaluate the scene size limitations of the PFA in terms of image defocus. This is caused by residual quadratic phase errors that arise due to approximations in the algorithm. We derive this residual quadratic phase error using a Taylor series expansion in the slow time dimension. Then, we derive simplified expressions for image defocus for two flight paths: circular and linear. We also use the Taylor series expansion to derive accurate corrections for image distortion caused by PFA. These distortion corrections are used in conjunction with the residual quadratic phase errors to derive accurate scene size limitations that are notably different from the circular regions of focus determined in earlier works.
The Institutional Design of Arms Control Agreements

The question of international cooperation on nuclear security presents states with a conundrum. While states are wary of the potential for cheating and opportunism that would favor more legalized agreements, highly legalized agreements also create the risk of being constrained in an agreement with which others might not comply, leaving one state vulnerable. How do states balance these competing incentives? Through the study of all arms control agreements concluded, negotiated, and seriously considered since 1945, this analysis finds that at least some aspects of the legalization parameters that would make commitments more credible and sustainable through the future—in particular obligation and to a lesser extent delegation—also make bargaining over the terms of cooperation more difficult, sometimes delaying if not altogether subverting that process. These findings have implications not just for how theories of institutional design and cooperation apply to nuclear issues but also for policies related to the conduct of arms control negotiations.
“Stony the Road” to Change: Placing the Stones: The Construction of a Region

The problems faced by the African American community of Oxford are the result of a complex integration of historical events, social practices, spatial isolation, and regional ideologies. Each phenomenon contributes to behavior that influences inter- and intraethnic interaction that maintains the social, economic, and political inequities existing in the community. Although these phenomena are described somewhat separately, it is important to remember that the ways in which they have an impact on lives are directly related to the degree to which each phenomenon is integrated into the day-to-day lives of each community member. Historical events may play a greater role in the construction of social practices for some, while spatial isolation may have a greater impact for others, and these combinations may vary according to the specific issues being] addressed. Oxford's social, spatial, economic, and geopolitical histories reflect the racialized domination of the region. Therefore, an understanding of the historical elements that constructed that domination is important to an objective “placing” of the subjugated African American cultural groups, since that process of domination creates and orders classes or castes in a hierarchical political economic space. These historical elements are offered here to make the chapters that follow more meaningful. While Blacks have not been completely written out of the history of Lafayette County, for the most part their perspectives have been situationally limited. Even today, community members struggle against hegemonic structures as they try to tell their stories.
Rangewide population differentiation and population substructure in Quercus rubra L.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in Quercus rubra remains undescribed for most of the native range. Using 10 highly informative gSSR markers, we genotyped 23 populations (980 trees), from across the native range, at local and rangewide spatial scales. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to generate population-specific F st estimates. The posterior probabilities of 3 spatial and 19 climate factors revealed that latitude and precipitation in the warmest quarter were the only plausible models for population-specific F st estimates. Population-specific F st estimates increased as a linear function of population latitude (R 2 = 0.745, p < 0.0001), the expected effect of postglacial range expansion. Measures of shared ancestry (pairwise local differentiation) among populations sampled at fine spatial scales within locations also increased with the latitude of the location (R 2 = 0.495, p = 0.014), suggesting an influence on differentiation that could not be attributed to postglacial range expansion. As precipitation in the warmest quarter drives radial growth rate in this species, we propose that growth rate influences generation time, which determines the time required to re-establish migration-drift equilibrium among local regenerating stands. Population substructure analysis detected four groups, only one of which was geographically coherent. Most other populations were moderately admixed. Sampling designs that include both fine and coarse spatial scales can begin to disentangle the effect of past range expansions from the effect of recent disturbances. Accounting for population substructure in this species will require additional studies involving functional genes, interspecific interactions, and species distribution modeling.
Abstract 269: Sirt-6 Deficiency Impairs Wound Healing in Diabetic (db/db) Mice Through Enhancement of Nf-kb Dependent Transcriptional Activity

Delayed wound healing is one of the major complications in diabetes and is characterized by chronic proinflammatory response, and abnormalities in angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Sirtuin family proteins regulate numerous physiological processes, including those involved in promotion of longevity, DNA repair, glycolysis and inflammation. However the role of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a NAD+-dependent nuclear deacetylase, in wound healing specifically under diabetic condition remains unclear. To analyze the role of SIRT6 in cutaneous wound healing, paired 6 mm stented wound were created in diabetic db/db mice and injected siRNA against SIRT6 in the wound margins (transfection agent alone and non-sensed siRNA served as controls). Wound time to closure was assessed by digital planimetry, and wounds were harvested for histology, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. SIRT6-siRNA treated diabetic wound showed impaired healing, which was associated with reduced capillary density when compared to control treatment. Interestingly, SIRT6 deficiency decreased VEGF expression in the wounds. Furthermore, SIRT6 ablation in diabetic wound promotes NF-kB activation resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory marker and oxidative stress. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that loss of SIRT6 in cutaneous wounds promotes proinflammatory response by increasing NF-kB activation, oxidative stress and decrease in angiogenesis in the diabetic mice. Based on these findings, we speculate that activation of SIRT6 signaling might be a potential approach for promoting wound healing in diabetics.
Integral membrane proteins: bottom-up, top-down and structural proteomics.

AbstractIntroduction: Integral membrane proteins and lipids constitute the bilayer membranes that surround cells and sub-cellular compartments, and modulate movements of molecules and information between them. Since membrane protein drug targets represent a disproportionately large segment of the proteome, technical developments need timely review.Areas covered and literature search strategy: Publically available resources such as Pubmed were surveyed. Bottom-up proteomics analyses now allow efficient extraction and digestion such that membrane protein coverage is essentially complete, making up around one third of the proteome. However, this coverage relies upon hydrophilic loop regions while transmembrane domains are generally poorly covered in peptide-based strategies. Top-down mass spectrometry where the intact membrane protein is fragmented in the gas phase gives good coverage in transmembrane regions, and membrane fractions are yielding to high-throughput top-down proteomics. Exciting progress in na...
BET inhibitors: a novel epigenetic approach

Epigenetics has been defined as 'the structural adaptation of chromosomal regions so as to register, signal or perpetuate altered activity states.' Currently, several classes of anticancer drugs function at the epigenetic level, including inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase (HDAC), lysine-specific demethylase 1, zeste homolog 2, and bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins.BET proteins have multiple functions, including the initiation and elongation of transcription and cell cycle regulation. In recent years, inhibitors of BET proteins have been developed as anticancer agents. These inhibitors exhibit selectivity for tumor cells by preferentially binding to superenhancers, noncoding regions of DNA critical for the transcription of genes that determine a cell's identity. Preclinical research on BET inhibitors has identified them as a potential means of targeting MYC.Early clinical trials with BET inhibitors have had mixed results, with few responses in both hematologic and solid tumors that tend to be short-lived. Toxicities have included severe, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; GI side-effects, fatigue, and low-grade dysgeusia have limited compliance. However, preclinical data suggest that BET inhibitors may have a promising future in combination with other agents. They appear to be able to overcome resistance to targeted agents and have strong synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as with multiple epigenetic agents, particularly HDAC inhibitors. In many instances, BET and HDAC inhibitors were synergistic at reduced doses, suggesting a potential means of avoiding the overlapping toxicities of the two drug classes.BET inhibitors provide a novel approach to epigenetic anticancer therapy. However, to date they appear to have limited efficacy as single agents. A focus on BET inhibitors in combination with other drugs such as targeted and/or as other epigenetic agents is warranted, due to limited monotherapy activity, including pharmacodynamic correlatives differential activity amongst select drug combinations.
A 60-GHz six-pole quasi-elliptic bandpass filter with novel feeding mechanisms based on silica-based post-wall waveguide

This paper presents a 60-GHz six-pole quasi-elliptic bandpass filter (BPF) realized in silica-based post-wall waveguide (PWW). We also propose a novel feeding mechanism that can control external quality factor. The mechanism has several parameters for the control. The BPF with a 8.1% fractional bandwidth and a 1.1-dB insertion loss at 60 GHz is presented. The dimension of the BPF is 3.6mm by 5.4mm.
Staged Reconstruction (Delayed-Immediate) of the Maxillectomy Defect Using CAD/CAM Technology

Background Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology has become increasingly popular for free fibula reconstruction of the mandible. The same technology, however, has not been widely utilized in immediate complex midface reconstruction utilizing free fibula flaps. Maxillary defects are difficult to precisely predict or produce matched cutting guides for after the ablative surgery. We present a protocol for “delayed-immediate” two-stage reconstruction for complex mid-facial defects, by delaying lymph node neck dissection and using CAD/CAM technology for delayed bony reconstruction. Methods Stage 1 includes the extirpative surgery, placement of a temporary obturator, and an immediate post-excision fine cut computed tomography (CT) of the defect that is used for CAD/CAM planning. The time interval between stages is used for virtual surgical planning (VSP) and provides an opportunity for the final pathologic margins to be evaluated. At stage 2, definitive reconstruction is performed in conjunction with the delayed neck dissection. Briefly delaying the neck dissection until stage 2 allows for recipient vessel dissection and microsurgical anastomoses to safely occur in a surgically naive neck. Conclusion A two-stage delayed-immediate reconstruction of complex mid-face defects can be safely and effectively performed. This protocol takes advantage of advancing CAD/CAM technology, provides an opportunity to evaluate final margins, and avoids recipient vessel dissection and microsurgery in previously operated or irradiated necks.
Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

Advances in surgical techniques have led to the survival of most patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) up to their adulthood. During their lifetime, many of them develop atrial tachyarrhythmias due to atrial dilatation and scarring from surgical procedures. More complex defects and palliative repairs are linked to a higher incidence and earlier occurrence of arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients who have atrial septal defects repaired after age 55 and in patients with tetralogy of Fallot repaired after age 45. Patients with dextrotransposition of the great arteries who undergo Mustard or Senning atrial switch procedures have an increased risk of atrial flutter due to atrial baffle suture lines. Patients with Ebstein's anomaly are also prone to supraventricular tachycardias caused by accessory bypass tracts. Patients with a single ventricle who undergo Fontan palliation are at risk of developing persistent or permanent AF due to extreme atrial enlargement and hypertrophy. In addition, obtaining vascular access to the pulmonary venous atrium can present unique challenges during radiofrequency ablation for patients with a Fontan palliation. Patients with cyanotic CHD who develop AF have substantial morbidity because of limited hemodynamic reserve and a high viscosity state. Amiodarone is an effective therapy for patients with arrhythmias from CHD, but its use carries long-term risks for toxicity. Dofetilide and sotalol have good short-term effectiveness and are reasonable alternatives to amiodarone. Pulmonary vein isolation is associated with better outcomes in patients taking antiarrhythmic medications. Anticoagulants are challenging to prescribe for patients with CHD because of a lack of data that can be extrapolated to this patient population. Surgical ablation is the gold standard for invasive rhythm control in patients with CHD and should be considered at the time of surgical repair or revision of congenital heart defects. When possible, patients with complex CHD should be referred for care to an adult congenital heart disease center of excellence.
Chapter 53 – Finance

The topic of trade finance revolves largely around the financial arrangements – and particularly payment arrangements – that can be made for an international commercial transaction in order to reduce cost and risk both to the buyer and to the seller. Three principal payment methods, reflecting different allocations of risk and cost to the parties, are (1) payment via cash in advance; (2) payment via documentary sale with a confirmed letter of credit, very widely used in international commerce; and (3) payment via open account (on credit). Other pertinent financial arrangements include (4) commercially based working capital financing, providing cash flow assistance to sellers; (5) export credit insurance and financing, especially as provided by government agencies; (6) factoring, in which a seller transfers title to its short-term foreign accounts receivable to a factoring agent for cash at a discount; and (7) forfaiting, which is similar to factoring but involves longer terms and larger projects.
OPTICALLY-DETECTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF DEFECTS IN THIN LAYERS AND HETEROSTRUCTURES OF III-V SEMICONDUCTORS

Optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) experiments which identify defects and determine their structure and symmetry in thin layers of III-V semiconductors are presented. The photoluminescence ODMR technique is described and illustrated with the P In anitsite in InP. Three examples of the applications of ODMR to thin layers are given. First, the P In antisite, a P In -X antisite complex, and a third unassigned resonance have been observed in B- and P-implanted and annealed InP. Second, Ga i interstitials were identified in MBE-grown Al x Ga 1−x As layers. Third, the symmetry of Si-donors in Al x Ga 1−x As/GaAs heterostructures was found to be tetragonal. Some related examples and possible future work are also described.
Ochotona princeps (American pika)

Skin biopsies of one male and one female were kindly provided by Dr. B. O’Gara, Missoula, Montana, USA, from animals trapped in Missoula County, Montana, USA. Subdivision of acrocentrics into those with pronounced short arms (subtelocentrics) and mere knobs (acrocentrics) is not possible. Only the last two pairs of autosomes are here called submetacentrics.
Screening Positive for Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Healthcare Utilization and Provider Action in Primary and Specialty Care Practices

Alzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of dementia, goes unrecognized in half of patients presenting to healthcare providers and is associated with increased acute care utilization. Routine cognitive screening of older adults in healthcare settings could improve rates of dementia diagnosis and patterns of healthcare utilization. To evaluate the impact of screening positive for cognitive impairment on provider action in primary and specialty care practices and patient healthcare utilization. Individuals asymptomatic for cognitive impairment completed cognitive screening with the Mini-Cog (MC). Outcomes included MC screen-positive rates, provider follow-up actions, and healthcare utilization for all participants over a period of 36 months (18 months prior to and following MC screening). Data were extracted from the electronic medical record (EMR). Healthcare provider interventions and healthcare utilization for screen-positive and -negative groups, before and after screening, were compared. Primary and specialty care patients (n = 787) aged ≥ 65 without history of cognitive impairment seen in HealthPartners, an integrated healthcare system in Minnesota and Western Wisconsin. In primary care and neurology practices combined, over the entire 36-month study window, individuals screening positive showed 32% higher rates of ED visits (p < 0.05) pre and post-screening compared to those screening negative. Screen positive also showed 39% higher rates of hospitalizations pre-screening (p < 0.05) and 58% higher rates post-screening (p < 0.01). While screen-detected cognitive impairment was associated with some relevant provider follow-up action in 32% of individuals, subsequent healthcare utilization did not change between the 18-month pre- and post-screening periods. Despite being associated with higher rates of healthcare utilization, screening positive on the MC led to a change in provider action in a minority of cases and did not reduce post-screening healthcare utilization. Screening for cognitive impairment alone is not sufficient to alter patterns of provider practice or patient healthcare utilization.
Neural variational entity set expansion for automatically populated knowledge graphs

We propose Neural variational set expansion to extract actionable information from a noisy knowledge graph (KG) and propose a general approach for increasing the interpretability of recommendation systems. We demonstrate the usefulness of applying a variational autoencoder to the Entity set expansion task based on a realistic automatically generated KG.
Pb–Ca–Sn Anode Potential as a Function of Cobalt, Iron and Manganese in Synthetic Sulfuric Acid Electrolytes

Cobalt, iron and manganese play various roles in copper electrowinning using lead–calcium–tin alloyed anodes. Cobalt catalyzes electrochemical water decomposition resulting in lower anode potential and reduced corrosion rates. Iron reduces cathodic current efficiency, but is used to reduce higher oxidation states of manganese that oxidize organics in solvent extraction. Manganese also produces anode scale and is generally considered a problematic impurity. The effect of the combined interaction of these three metal ions on the anode potential has not been quantified yet. The current work used a three factor, two level, three replicate central composite design of experiments to analyze the effects and potential interactions among cobalt, iron and manganese. The experiments consisted of chronopotentiometric analysis to assess anode potential after 24 h of operation. Higher [Co], lower [Mn] and either high or low [Fe] yielded lower anode potentials. Two regression models were developed to predict anode potential as a function of [Co], [Fe] and [Mn]. A method to estimate electrical energy consumption for copper electrowinning is also presented.
Facilitators and Barriers in Treatment Seeking for Substance Use Disorders: Indian Clinical Perspectives

Despite great advances that have been made in the understanding and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs), fewer than 11% of eligible patients seek treatment. Few studies have explored the ro...
Utilization of regional versus general anesthesia and its impact on lower extremity bypass outcomes

Abstract Objective Previous studies evaluating general anesthesia (GA) vs regional (epidural/spinal) anesthesia (RA) for infrainguinal bypass have produced conflicting results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with contemporary use of RA and to determine whether it is associated with improved outcomes after infrainguinal bypass in patients with critical limb ischemia. Methods Using the Vascular Quality Initiative infrainguinal database, a retrospective review identified all critical limb ischemia patients who received an infrainguinal bypass from 2011 through 2016. Patients were then separated by GA or RA. Primary outcomes were perioperative mortality, complications, and length of stay. Predictive factors for RA and perioperative outcomes were analyzed using a mixed-effects model to adjust for center differences. Results There were 16,052 patients identified to have a lower extremity bypass during this time frame with 572 (3.5%) receiving RA. There was a wide variation in the use of RA, with 31% of participating centers not using it at all. Age (67.2 vs 70.3 years; P Conclusions RA is an infrequent but effective form of anesthesia for infrainguinal bypass surgery. Elderly patients and those with underlying respiratory problems may benefit from this form of anesthesia. Further evaluation within institutions should be performed to identify which patients would most benefit from RA or GA.
Abstract 270: Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and Associated Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Have Lower In-hospital Mortality

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is present in almost 60% of patients with cerebrovascular disease and it is an independent predictor of ischemic stroke. Yet, the impact of OSA on outcomes...
The Original Sin of Poland’s Third Republic: Discounting ‘Solidarity’ and its Consequences for Political Reconciliation.

“Solidarity” was one of the major causes of state socialism’s downfall and yet it has neither come to play an active and significant role in the Polish historical memory nor has it entered a canon of routinely studied “great” social movements. This neglect is related to (1) the lack of a symbolic closure of the communist period, (2) insufficient ceremonialization of “Solidarity’s” success, and the (3) the lack of public, symbolic closure of the Round Table process. A review of the literature on the problem of reconciliation after the fall of a non-democratic regime and the role of collective memory in this process allows us to argue that these three “errors” may be related to the low level of trust and the pervasive sense of corruption that are diagnosed in many empirical studies. In order to better understand these strategic errors of cultural policy we examine Poland and—briefly—several other countries where similar dilemmas were dealt with differently and, seemingly, with more success.
Pulmonary hypertension in metastatic breast cancer: a case of pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy

Pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) and pulmonary tumour emboli (PTE) are distinct but related complications of malignancy. The incidence of each is exceedingly rare, unfortunately often being diagnosed postmortem. Patients with PTTM and PTE typically present with dyspnoea associated with a rapid onset of hypoxia due to pulmonary hypertension (PH), and respiratory failure that is almost certain to be fatal. The prognosis is grim due to the rapidity of the clinical decline and difficulty in establishing an ante-mortem diagnosis. We present a case of new-onset severe PH in a young woman with a recently discovered breast mass. She presented with shortness of breath and experienced rapid deterioration of her cardiopulmonary status which we attributed to PTTM. With early initiation of chemotherapy, systemic steroids and sildenafil, the patient dramatically improved. Case reports have identified early use of steroids, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and other alternative therapies as providing possible benefit in PTTM.
A uniparentally inherited mutation affecting photophosphorylation in Chlamydomonasreinhardi

A photosynthetically incompetent mutant strain of Chlamydomonasreinhardi shows a uniparental mode of inheritance, a substantial level of photosynthetic electron transport activities, in whole cells and in a cell free system, but a negligible level of photosynthetic phosphorylation activity in a cell free system.
Cycloisomerization of olefins in water

Preparative reactions that occur efficiently under dilute, buffered, aqueous conditions in the presence of biomolecules find application in ligation, peptide synthesis, and polynucleotide synthesis and sequencing. However, the identification of functional groups or reagents that are mutually reactive with one another, but unreactive with biopolymers and water, is challenging. Shown here are cobalt catalysts that react with alkenes under dilute, aqueous, buffered conditions and promote efficient cycloisomerization and formal Friedel-Crafts reactions. The constraining conditions of bioorthogonal chemistry are beneficial for reaction efficiency as superior conversion at low catalyst concentration is obtained and competent rates in dilute conditions are maintained. Efficiency at high dilution in the presence of buffer and nucleobases suggests that these reaction conditions may find broad application.