cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and etiology of hand foot and mouth disease in Jiaxiang county

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Jiaxiang county,and analyze their epidemiologic features,causes and major risk factors,and to provide scientific basis for preventive measures.Methods Data of HFMD epidemic situation in 2009 were collected by China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Case investigations were collected by city and 12 county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.664 specimens of the stool,anus swabs,throat swabs and vesicle fluid were collected from HFMD patients in hospital and tested by RT-PCR.Results There were altogether 10517 cases,209 severe cases and two deaths in Jiaxiang county,with a rate of 129.21/100 000.There were 132 positive specimens of enterovirus universal primer confirmed by virus isolation.103 patients were identified as positive for EV71,1 patient EV71 and CoxA16 concurrently.Conclusion Young children were the predominant victims of HFMD in Jiaxiang county.To prevent and control HFMD,we should strengthen effective surveillance system,and devote ourselves to the education of children,their family members and teachers in kindergartens.
Textual Intersections: Titus Andronicus and Othello

On 13 May 1888, Princess Isabel, Regent of the Empire of Brazil, signed into law the emancipation of all slaves in the country, and masses of her subjects took to the streets of Rio de Janeiro to celebrate. Two years later, Brazilians, now under a provisional republican government, witnessed another momentous event in the history of African slavery. On 14 December 1890, Rui Barbosa, Minister of Finance and Internal Affairs, ordered a thorough search of the archives that had been kept by the Portuguese colonial authorities and later by the Imperial government.1 All records pertaining to slavery were to be located and burned. Barbosa hoped to remove a blot from the national character. If, as Michel de Certeau suggests, ‘writing produces history,’ then Barbosa single-handedly succeeded in wiping out much of the history of millions of Brazilians of African descent.2
Blurring the boundaries between journalism and activism: A transparency agenda-building case study from Bulgaria:

This article explores the relationship between journalists and civil society actors in promoting the Freedom of Information right in Bulgaria. It emphasizes the importance of civil society as influ...
'All I Want to Say is That They Don't Really Care about Us': Reducing Police Misconduct via Social Control Theory

In response to a nationwide increase in allegations of police misconduct or police brutality, Congress amended grant funding availability in July 2016 for its “Cops on the Beat” program, an extension of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. Through these amendments, Congress sought to create a larger community presence and enhance officer conflict resolution, mediation, and problem-solving skills. In this Article, the author argues that Congress did not achieve this result, resulting in greater friction between community and law enforcement interaction and a predicts an increase of future altercations. The author examines the New Orleans consent decree by applying Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory to ascertain the effectiveness of community outreach, residency requirements, and mandatory use of body cameras. In the end, he concludes that the “Cops on the Beat” Program is not viable legislation and offers suggestions based on social-bonding theory in creating legislation mirroring the New Orleans consent decree to reduce incidents of officer misconduct against the community they serve.
Corrections and clarifications to the descriptions of Biendongella and Sovvityazius (Perciformes: Gobiidae).

Prokofiev (2015a) described two new genera and species of Amblyopinae and reported new amblyopine records from waters off Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In reviewing Prokofiev’s figures and reading the descriptions of his new genera, Biendongella Prokofiev, 2015 and Sovvityazius Prokofiev, 2015, it appeared likely that these new taxa were based on species also under examination by Koichi Shibukawa and me. However, some differences existed between our specimens and those described by Prokofiev in the pterygiophore formula (DF), the presence/absence of hypural 5, and the number of epurals. The data and information on these characters were not abundantly clear from the text and clarification was needed. For example, on page 786 of Prokofiev (2015a) the following diagnostic feature of Biendongella was provided, “ DF 3 1221, vacant interneural gap between spined and soft parts of D present; two first pterygiophores of soft part of D each located in its interneural gap…”. Similar wording exists for Sovvityazius on page 789, “DF 3 1221, vacant gap between spined and soft parts of D present; two first pterygiophores of soft part of D each in its interneural space…”. As for hypural 5 and the number of epurals, the same statement is given for both Biendongella and Sovvityazius on pages 786 and 789, respectively, “Hypural 5 and epural 2 absent.” These character states struck me as remarkable as they are atypical for amblyopines. With respect to the DF character above, amblyopine gobies with a pterygiophore formula of 3-1221 have no interneural gap and the interneural space immediately posterior to the pterygiophore of the ultimate spinous ray contains two pterygiophores (Murdy 2011). As for the latter characters, hypural 5 and two epurals are present in amblyopine gobies (Shibukawa and Murdy 2012). In a detailed email to Prokofiev, I asked for clarification of these discrepancies and whether Biendongella and Sovvityazius have the amblyopine synapomorphy of the ultimate pterygiophore supporting a single ray (Murdy & Shibukawa 2001), which was not mentioned in the description of either genus.
Precision oncology using a limited number of cells: optimization of whole genome amplification products for sequencing applications

Sequencing analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) enables “liquid biopsy” to guide precision oncology strategies. However, this requires low-template whole genome amplification (WGA) that is prone to errors and biases from uneven amplifications. Currently, quality control (QC) methods for WGA products, as well as the number of CTCs needed for reliable downstream sequencing, remain poorly defined. We sought to define strategies for selecting and generating optimal WGA products from low-template input as it relates to their potential applications in precision oncology strategies. Single pancreatic cancer cells (HPAF-II) were isolated using laser microdissection. WGA was performed using multiple displacement amplification (MDA), multiple annealing and looping based amplification (MALBAC) and PicoPLEX. Quality of amplified DNA products were assessed using a multiplex/RT-qPCR based method that evaluates for 8-cancer related genes and QC-scores were assigned. We utilized this scoring system to assess the impact of de novo modifications to the WGA protocol. WGA products were subjected to Sanger sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and next generation sequencing (NGS) to evaluate their performances in respective downstream analyses providing validation of the QC-score. Single-cell WGA products exhibited a significant sample-to-sample variability in amplified DNA quality as assessed by our 8-gene QC assay. Single-cell WGA products that passed the pre-analysis QC had lower amplification bias and improved aCGH/NGS performance metrics when compared to single-cell WGA products that failed the QC. Increasing the number of cellular input resulted in improved QC-scores overall, but a resultant WGA product that consistently passed the QC step required a starting cellular input of at least 20-cells. Our modified-WGA protocol effectively reduced this number, achieving reproducible high-quality WGA products from ≥5-cells as a starting template. A starting cellular input of 5 to 10-cells amplified using the modified-WGA achieved aCGH and NGS results that closely matched that of unamplified, batch genomic DNA. The modified-WGA protocol coupled with the 8-gene QC serve as an effective strategy to enhance the quality of low-template WGA reactions. Furthermore, a threshold number of 5–10 cells are likely needed for a reliable WGA reaction and product with high fidelity to the original starting template.
Characterization of hot N-type plasma doping (PLAD) implantation

As transistor technologies continue to scale and device density increases, junction formation requirements are subject to increasing challenges. Ion implantation is the preferred approach for junction formation due to its precise control of dopant depth and dose. These aspects are crucial to deliver finely tuned transistor performance and limit device variation. Arsenic and phosphorus (n-type) dopants are used at many process steps to dope crystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or other substrates in advanced memory devices. Arsenic, due to its heavy mass, will readily amorphize crystalline silicon, particularly at high dose rates. Conventional thermal processing is used to recover crystalline silicon amorphization, but may be subject to residual defects. Heating the substrate during implantation is a novel technique, which has been adopted in advanced semiconductor devices to limit the amorphous region and allow for complete recrystallization in subsequent thermal processes [1]. This work demonstrates wafer-level results of heating the substrate in a plasma doping (PLAD) tool.
Ways Of Unseeing: Crowdsourcing The Frame In Roger May's Looking At Appalachia

Mark Nunes considers Roger May's Looking at Appalachia, a crowdsourced photography archive of spaces, places, and people in Appalachia, drawn from the work of many photographers of the region. As this online project reproduces and challenges tropes of Appalachian photography, Nunes describes how it encourages openness to documenting and delimiting the boundaries of Appalachian representation.
Cardiac birth defects in a twin infant born to a woman with chronic myeloid leukemia on dasatinib

Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated an association between maternal use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and embryofetal toxicity; yet, multiple clinical case series have reported normal pregnancy outcomes and healthy infants in women on these medications during the course of their pregnancy. We describe a case of a woman with chronic myeloid leukemia who had taken the second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib during the first 12 weeks of her dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy and subsequently delivered two low-birth weight infants, one with severe cardiac malformations and the other without apparent birth abnormalities. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fetal cardiovascular defects in an infant born to a woman on dasatinib during a twin pregnancy and supports current recommendations to avoid this medication during pregnancy. We also review relevant preclinical and clinical studies of tyrosine kinase inhibitor use during pregnancy and explore alternative therapeutic options for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia during pregnancy to aid clinicians in the appropriate management of these patients so as to minimize both maternal and fetal risks.
Determination of Non-Transferrin Bound Iron, Transferrin Bound Iron, Drug Bound Iron and Total Iron in Serum in a Rats after IV Administration of Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex by Simple Ultrafiltration Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometric Detection.

A rapid, sensitive and specific ultrafiltration inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI), transferrin bound iron (TBI), drug bound iron (DI) and total iron (TI) in the same rat serum sample after intravenous (IV) administration of iron gluconate nanoparticles in sucrose solution (Ferrlecit®). Ultrafiltration with a 30 kDa molecular cut-off filter was used for sample cleanup. Different elution solvents were used to separate each form of iron from sample serum. Isolated fractions were subjected to inductively-coupled mass spectrometric analysis after microwave digestion in 4% nitric acid. The reproducibility of the method was evaluated by precision and accuracy. The calibration curve demonstrated linearity from 5–500 ng/mL with a regression (r2) of more than 0.998. This method was effectively implemented to quantify rat pharmacokinetic study samples after intravenous administration of Ferrlecit®. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic (PK) study of Ferrlecit in rats. The colloidal iron followed first order kinetics with half-life of 2.2 h and reached background or pre-dose levels after 12 h post-dosing. The drug shown a clearance of 0.31 mL/min/kg and volume of distribution of 0.05 L/kg. 19.4 ± 2.4 mL/h/kg.
Subsynaptic spatial organization as a regulator of synaptic strength and plasticity

Synapses differ markedly in their performance, even amongst those on a single neuron. The mechanisms that drive this functional diversification are of great interest because they enable adaptive behaviors and are targets of pathology. Considerable effort has focused on elucidating mechanisms of plasticity that involve changes to presynaptic release probability and the number of postsynaptic receptors. However, recent work is clarifying that nanoscale organization of the proteins within glutamatergic synapses impacts synapse function. Specifically, active zone scaffold proteins form nanoclusters that define sites of neurotransmitter release, and these sites align transsynaptically with clustered postsynaptic receptors. These nanostructural characteristics raise numerous possibilities for how synaptic plasticity could be expressed.
Cancer Of The External Auditory Canal And Temporal Bone

Malignant tumors involving the structures of the temporal bone represent formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians involved in the treatment of otologic disease. This article offers a perspective on the current understanding of the biology of malignancies involving the external auditory canal, middle ear space, and temporal bone, and reviews the often confusing and contradictory literature on this topic.
Statistical Analysis for Single-Case Designs

As a graduate student majoring in academic social psychology I was exposed to a wondrous assemblage of theories that seemed to offer practically limitless resources with which to help solve important, large-scale, real-world problems. Initially I found it mildly disturbing that many of these theories were validated using primarily experimental methodologies involving samples (sometimes very large samples) that usually consisted of college undergraduates. Indeed, I felt that the most appropriate context in which to validate these theories was the applied setting—where the important, large-scale, real-world problems actually occurred. The ready availability of large random samples of college undergraduates in close proximity to social psychology laboratories, however, constituted an irresistible opportunity to initiate laboratory-based research programs of my own, that actively continue today. I benefit from this approach, of course, vis-a-vis numerous substantive and methodological insights that ultimately improve my ability to do science.
ACTIVATION OF DUROQUINONE AND POTENTIALLY OTHER DIENES via TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXATION

In order to investigate the role a transition metal plays in the activation of the reactivity of a II-ligand towards various organic reagents, a series of transition metal complexes of duroquinone were examined. A decided enhancement of reactivity in each of the duroquinone cyclopentadienyl complexes of cobalt, rhodium and iridium was observed. This activation can be interpreted in terms of a reorganization of the ligand orbitals such that reactivity is enhanced, i.e. , a molecular model for a catalytic effect or, alternatively, as a protecting group effect afforded by the cyclopentadienylmetal moiety. That the identity of the metal in a particular subgroup is significant in such instances is unlikely, the chief role of the metal being simply to provide a stable electronic configuration according to the EAN rule.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities Associated with Childhood Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

Within the last two decades several nonrandom acquired karyotype abnormalities have been identified in acute myoblasts leukemia (AML). These abnormalities are specifically associated with morphologically and/ or immunologically defined subgroups and define subentities with distinct biological and clinical features (Fig. 1). Consequently, they provide objective disease markers and suggest a specific diagnosis. Furthermore, they reveal the location of genes relevant to disease etiology or progression and have been shown to indicate a patient’s prognosis. Since the various types of abnormalities result from causative leukemogenic factors and the genetic background of the patient, their incidence varies within different geographic areas and ethnic subgroups. Although practically all of the specific changes have been observed both in adult as well as in childhood AML, the incidence of individual abnormalities also varies considerably within different age groups. In the following we present a comprehensive overview of published cytogenetic studies in childhood AML and discuss some of the recent cytogenetic findings together with their clinical and biological implications.
Nuclear Weapons, European Security, and Regional Deterrence

The end of the Cold War poses new and exciting, if somewhat daunting, challenges for analysts of international relations. Not the least of these concerns is the role and effect of nuclear weapons in the emergent international system. During the Cold War years nuclear weapons were a key element, not only in defining the superpower relationship, but also in determining major elements of the international system; in the post-Cold War world, however, the role and impact of nuclear weapons are far less clear. This is particularly the case in Europe, which was the crucial theater of the Cold War and also the region in which the transition to new relationships and structures has been most dramatic. Now that the apparatus of extended deterrence is being dismantled, it is important to consider what, if anything, will be put in its place.
COMMENTS ON MENDELEEV'S TABLE

Abstract The spectroscopic study in a ballon carried out by Mendeleev during a solar eclipse is suggested as the first “astronautical” experiment to find new elements. Future experiments are alluded to at the end. Intervals between elements in the early versions of the Periodic Table are reviewed and in particular, the relation to the dependency of the order in which shells are filled on ( n + l ). The regular sequences in non-relativistic treatments are broken up when the relativistic | nlj > orbitals are used to find the ground state of heavy atoms. No rule of ordering has been developed to date for relativistic atoms.
The “Sextual” Double Standard: An Experimental Examination of Variations in Judgments of Men and Women Who Engage in Computer-Mediated Sexual Communication

Although computer-mediated sexual communication (i.e., sexting) is a common behavior, research indicates that perceptions of sexting are generally negative. However, no research has attempted to quantitatively examine how perceptions of sexting vary according to the gender of the individuals involved. Thus, the current study investigated the endorsement of the sexual double standard (SDS; defined as the tendency to judge women more harshly than men for engaging in comparable sexual behavior) when evaluating hypothetical individuals who engage in sexting. A total of 949 U.S. adults (512 men, 438 women) participated in a between-subject experimental paradigm, in which they were randomly assigned to read one of 16 vignettes depicting a hypothetical sexting scenario and evaluate one of the individuals involved using three constructs of interest (morality, cognitive abilities, partner quality). The results provided no evidence of a SDS with respect to sexting, with hypothetical men and women being judged similarly on three constructs of interest. However, judgments of those who sext were largely influenced by the target’s role in the interaction (sender/receiver, requester/non-requester) and the familiarity of those involved (casual/committed partners). Hypothetical targets described as sexting with a casual partner and adopting an active role were judged as less moral, having lower cognitive abilities, and being poorer quality partners than those described as sexting a committed partner and adopting a passive role. Overall, these results indicate that the traditional SDS has given way to an egalitarian standard, perhaps due to recent societal shifts. Implications for investigators, educators, and practitioners are discussed.
Recognizing "Whose" Bilingualism? A Critical Policy Analysis of the Seal of Biliteracy.

The Seal of Biliteracy is as an initiative to incentivize and credentialize bi-/multilingualism in K?12 education in the United States. While it has been widely celebrated as a positive development in U.S. educational language policy, it is important to consider to what extent marginalized students benefit from this initiative. This critical policy analysis explores possible inequities in the way that the Seal has been promoted, enacted in policy, and implemented in schools, focused primarily on California. Three findings are reported. First, advocates and policy makers have constructed the purpose of the Seal as primarily aimed at promoting foreign or world language education, raising questions about the degree to which the recognition of language-minoritized students? linguistic repertoires is a focus. Second, the policy requirements for demonstrating biliteracy advantage students, especially native English-speaking students, who are studying a foreign or world language as part of their school's curriculum. Third, schools with high percentages of students of color and students from low-income families are less likely to participate in the program, suggesting that students privileged along lines of race and class have greater access to the program. This article concludes by suggesting improvements in policy and directions for future research that might contribute to addressing these inequities.
Layered Quaternary Germanides-Synthesis and Crystal and Electronic Structures of AELi2In2Ge2 ( AE = Sr, Ba, Eu).

Three new quaternary germanides with the composition AELi2In2Ge2 (AE = Sr, Ba, Eu) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The layered crystal structure of these phases features homoatomic In–In bonding, but there are no direct Ge–Ge bonds. Such a crystallographic arrangement can be regarded as an ordered quaternary derivative of the CaCu4P2 structure (trigonal syngony, Pearson code hR7). Comprehensive analysis of the structural genealogy suggests relationships with the structures of other layered pnictides and chalcogenides, which are discussed. Partitioning of the available valence electrons and the assignment of the formal charges indicate that the composition of the new germanides is charge-balanced. First-principles calculations and electrical transport measurements indicate poor metallic behavior, resulting from significant hybridization of the electronic states.
The Dynamic Partnership of Polycomb and Trithorax in Brain Development and Diseases

Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA and histone modifications, are pivotal for normal brain development and functions by modulating spatial and temporal gene expression. Dysregulation of the epigenetic machinery can serve as a causal role in numerous brain disorders. Proper mammalian brain development and functions depend on the precise expression of neuronal-specific genes, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Antagonistic polycomb and trithorax proteins form multimeric complexes and play important roles in these processes by epigenetically controlling gene repression or activation through various molecular mechanisms. Aberrant expression or disruption of either protein group can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This review focus on the current progress of Polycomb and Trithorax complexes in brain development and disease, and provides a future outlook of the field.
Manipulating nonadiabatic conical intersection dynamics by optical cavities

Optical cavities hold great promise to manipulate and control the photochemistry of molecules. We demonstrate how molecular photochemical processes can be manipulated by strong light-matter coupling. For a molecule with an inherent conical intersection, optical cavities can induce significant changes in the nonadiabatic dynamics by either splitting the pristine conical intersections into two novel polaritonic conical intersections or by creating light-induced avoided crossings in the polaritonic surfaces. This is demonstrated by exact real-time quantum dynamics simulations of a three-state two-mode model of pyrazine strongly coupled to a single cavity photon mode. We further explore the effects of external environments through dissipative polaritonic dynamics computed using the hierarchical equation of motion method. We find that cavity-controlled photochemistry can be immune to external environments. We also demonstrate that the polariton-induced changes in the dynamics can be monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy.
Exploiting RAS Nucleotide Cycling as a Strategy for Drugging RAS-Driven Cancers.

Oncogenic mutations in RAS genes result in the elevation of cellular active RAS protein levels and increased signal propagation through downstream pathways that drive tumor cell proliferation and survival. These gain-of-function mutations drive over 30% of all human cancers, presenting promising therapeutic potential for RAS inhibitors. However, many have deemed RAS “undruggable” after nearly 40 years of failed drug discovery campaigns aimed at identifying a RAS inhibitor with clinical activity. Here we review RAS nucleotide cycling and the opportunities that RAS biochemistry presents for developing novel RAS inhibitory compounds. Additionally, compounds that have been identified to inhibit RAS by exploiting various aspects of RAS biology and biochemistry will be covered. Our current understanding of the biochemical properties of RAS, along with reports of direct-binding inhibitors, both provide insight on viable strategies for the discovery of novel clinical candidates with RAS inhibitory activity.
How and When to Get a Clerkship Position

Clerkship is one of the important aspects of the residency application that can either make or break the application. It is very beneficial as it sets a platform for experiencing the US healthcare system which the IMGs are not aware of. Since there is direct patient care involved, letter of Recommendations obtained from doing these rotations is valuable as it highlights the candidate’s clinical skills. This chapter expresses everything about clerkship, its importance, best time of applying, requirements and eligibilities and lastly, but most important, methods and means to apply.
Asynchronous Stochastic Computing

Asynchronous Stochastic Computing (ASC) leverages Synchronous Stochastic Computing (SSC) advantages and addresses its drawbacks. In SSC a multiplier is a single AND gate, saving ~ 90% of power and area compared with a typical 8bit binary multiplier. The key for SSC power-area efficiency comes from mapping numbers to streams of 1s and 0s. Despite the power-area efficiency, SSC drawbacks such as long latency, costly clock distribution network (CDN), and expensive stream generation, causes the energy consumption to grow prohibitively large. In this work, we introduce the foundations for ASC using Continuous-time-Markov-chains, and analyze the computing error due to random fluctuations. In ASC data is mapped to asynchronous-continuous-time streams, which yields two advantages over the synchronous counterpart: (1) CDN elimination, and (2) better accuracy performance. We compare ASC with SSC for three applications: (1) multiplication, (2) an image processing algorithm: gamma-correction, and (3) a singlelayer of a fully-connected artificial-neural-network (ANN) using a FinFET1X technology. Our Matlab, Spice-level simulations and post-place&route (P&R) reports demonstrate that ASC yields savings of 10%-55%, 33%-44%, and 50% in latency, power, and energy respectively. These savings make ASC a good candidate to address the ultra-low-power requirements of machine learning for the IoT.
Risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in infants after surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot

Objective To identify the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in infants after surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods This study performed at Guangdong general hospital in China, 130 infants(less than 12 months, mechanical ventilation time≥48 h) undergoing surgical correction for TOF were included between January 2013 and December 2017. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was defined according to the CDC/NHSN definitions guidelines issued in 2008. T test or Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in univariate analysis, and the variables with P<0.05 in the univariate analysis were added to a multiple logistic regression to identify the risk factors of VAP in infants after surgical correction for Tetralogy of Fallot. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated as a measure of accuracy. Results A total of 130 infants were included, however, VAP was found in 34 (26.2%) infants. The single variables significantly associated with a risk of VAP were: pre-operative hypoxic, pre-operative pneumonia, pre-operative mechanical ventilation support, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, reintubation, pulmonary atelectasis, pleural effusion hydrothorax, prolonged mechanical ventilation support time, low cardiac output and transfusion of erythrocyte concentrate or fresh frozen plasma. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR=1.02), reintubation (OR=16.111), pulmonary atelectasis (OR=8.133), low cardiac output (OR=7.649) and prolonged mechanical ventilation support time (OR=1.014) were independent risk factors for VAP in infants after TOF surgical correction. The area under the curve demonstrates the accuracy of the model. Conclusion The occurrence rate of VAP was high and risk factors for VAP after TOF surgical correction were complex. These results can be used to prevent and reduce the occurrence of VAP. Key words: Infant; Tetralogy of Fallot; Ventilator-associated pneumonia; Risk factor
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Stroke: Coincident or Causal?

Abstract Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection described in isolated case reports and single institutions do not accurately reflect the clinical spectrum of disease across all geographies in a global pandemic. Data collected during peak of the Covid-19 pandemic from stroke centers in five states reveal few similarities to what has recently been published. Given the diversity in phenotype, we caution policymakers and health care providers when considering cerebrovascular complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Agile Sub-Ice Geological (ASIG) Drill development and Pirrit Hills field project

A new drilling system was developed by the US Ice Drilling Program (IDP) to rapidly drill through overlying ice to collect subglacial rock cores. The Agile Sub-Ice Geological (ASIG) Drill system is capable of drilling up to 700 m of ice in a continuous manner. Intermittent ice core samples can be taken as needed. Ten-plus meters of subglacial bedrock and unconsolidated, frozen sediment cores can be drilled with wireline core retrieval. The functionality of the drill system was demonstrated in 2016–17 at the Pirrit Hills, Antarctica where 8 m of high-quality, continuous granite core was retrieved beneath 150 m of ice. The particulars of the drill system development, features and performance are discussed.
Impacts of COVID-19 on ecology and evolutionary biology faculty in the United States.

We surveyed ecologists and evolutionary biologists in American Universities to understand how they are coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Female respondents, assistant professors, and those who care for at least one child or teenager, were significantly more dissatisfied with their work-life balance during this pandemic than others, and further expected these negative impacts to be long-lived. Online teaching support, relaxed expectations on publications, the possibility of pausing the tenure clock, and an acknowledgment of "no business as usual" by administrators were thought to be effective policies in mitigating these negative impacts. This survey serves as a manifesto to what our professional community is currently experiencing, and should be used to inform academic policies directed at improving faculty productivity and welfare.
Spin waves and high-frequency response in layered superconductors with helical magnetic structure

We evaluate the spin-wave spectrum and dynamic susceptibility in a layered superconductor with helical interlayer magnetic structure. We especially focus on the structure in which the moments rotate ${90}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ from layer to layer realized in the iron pnictide ${\mathrm{RbEuFe}}_{4}{\mathrm{As}}_{4}$. While in nonmagnetic superconductors low-frequency magnetic field decays on the distance of the order of the London penetration depth, spin waves mediate its propagation to much larger distances limited by external dissipation mechanisms. The spin-wave spectrum in superconductors is strongly renormalized due to the long-range electromagnetic interactions between the oscillating magnetic moments. This leads to strong enhancement of the frequency of the mode coupled with uniform field and this enhancement exists only within a narrow range of the $c$-axis wave vectors of the order of the inverse London penetration depth. The key feature of materials like ${\mathrm{RbEuFe}}_{4}{\mathrm{As}}_{4}$ is that this uniform mode corresponds to the maximum frequency of the spin-wave spectrum with respect to the $c$-axis wave vector. As a consequence, the high-frequency surface resistance acquires a very distinct asymmetric feature spreading between the bare and renormalized frequencies. We also consider excitation of spin waves with the Josephson effect in a tunneling contact between helical-magnetic and conventional superconductors and study the interplay between the spin-wave features and geometrical cavity resonances in the current-voltage characteristics.
Void in Management Research

With the changing landscape of economic development in rural and urban areas, the functioning, responsibility, and contribution of organisations involved in production, service delivery, marketing, and development are also changing. To address this challenge, there is a call for reorienting management education to enhance the employability of young graduates and also the effective functioning of existing and ­future organisations. The key to reorienting management education lies in creating new and relevant knowledge.
Multi-hop WiFi Direct Implementation via Efficient Communication Backbone Construction

The ever increasing availability and popularity of mobile devices has led to new designs to provide better communication in different environments. Accordingly, the WiFi Direct standard has been introduced to address ad hoc communication demands, as needed in cyber-physical systems, providing long range and fast communication at the quality of service level of traditional WiFi. WiFi Direct is a standard for single group networks, but due to its promising features there have been studies to utilize this standard in multi-group networks. However, previous multi-group WiFi Direct efforts are either theoretical or implementations in small networks. In this work, we implement and evaluate communication backbone forming algorithms using WiFi Direct networks that will take a step towards dynamic multi-group WiFi Direct network implementation in real devices at large scale. Specifically, we consider our network as a graph and construct the communication backbone using graph theory principles, and we implement these backbone algorithms using MATLAB and the mininet-wifi emulator, taking into account the constraints of real WiFi Direct networks. Using both centralized and distributed algorithms, we evaluate the effects of network size, graph density, and randomization of the algorithms on the communication backbone.
Voltage State Estimation using a Power Network Model driven AutoEncoder Neural Network

Abstract This paper proposes a combined network model and synchrophasor data-based approach to formulate a non-linear state estimator for the reconstruction of the three-phase voltages of the nodes (buses) in an electric power network. The network model uses network topology with impartial admittance information to create a first estimate of any missing three-phase complex-valued synchrophasor voltage measurements. These first estimates along with synchrophasor measurements from other nodes in the network are used in a trained autoencoder neural network to further improve the three-phase voltage state estimation. Instead of standard voltage magnitude and voltage angle synchrophasor data, the proposed method uses real and imaginary parts of the three-phase voltages for state reconstruction to address discontinuities in voltage phase angle wrapping. The approach is illustrated on an example network and actual synchrophasor data measurements to validate performance. The illustrations show that the nonlinear state estimator that combines the network model and synchrophasor data-based approach can outperform a non-linear estimator that uses synchrophasor data only.
The Site of Nitrogenase in Frankia in Free-Living Culture and in Symbiosis

Actinorhizal plants comprise a diverse array of woody dicotyledonous species whose roots are susceptible to infection by the filamentous soil bacterium Frankia of the Actinomycetales. The present tally of host plants includes in excess of 200 species distributed among twenty-three genera in eight families (Moiroud and Gianinazzi-Pearson 1984). The filamentous bacterium infects susceptible plants either via root hair deformation and invasion (Callaham et al. 1979, Berry et al. 1985) or through root epidermal penetration via intercellular spaces and cortical cell penetration (Miller, Baker 1985). Within the host cortical cells produced from proliferating modified lateral roots which form the multilobed nodule (Bowes et al. 1977), the invading bacterium differentiates branched filaments which typically end in terminal swellings called vesicles. Within the vesicles the prokaryotic enzyme nitrogenase is formed, catalyzing the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia which is assimilated into the metabolism of both the endophyte and its symbiotic host.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Spot Welds

Resistance welding is one of the most widely used joining processes in industry. Basically, it uses mechanical pressure and high intensity current to hold and weld sheet metal assemblies. The bond is assured by the presence of a “weld nugget”, a volume common to both sheets which melts and resolidifies during the operation. The most common application is automotive engineering where many of the sheet steel components are spot welded1. It is also used in other fields such as the aerospace industry and with other materials such as aluminum or magnesium alloys, copper, nickel, etc.2. As any other industrial process, a whole area of technologies has evolved along with resistance welding to meet requirements of quality assurance via either process control or product testing. The major breakthroughs are on the side of process control where much of the research efforts have been concentrated. Parameters such as current and time can now be dynamically controlled through adaptive feedback mechanisms using sensors that measure electrical resistance,3,4 displacement,5 infrared radiation,6 ultrasonic transmission7 and even acoustic emission.8 As for testing, most of it is still done destructively. A common method is the peel test where a sample weld is simply pulled apart: if the weld is good, one of the sheets will tear around the nugget whose width can then be measured.
Mutation in single-cell systems induced by low-level mutagen exposure.

A principal question currently facing toxicologists and radio-biologists concerns how measurements can be made of mutations induced by low levels of chemicals or radiation. In this paper, we focus on measurements in single cell systems. We consider that cellular exposure to mutagens occurs via four modes.
An Improved Motion-Sensing Based Monitoring System for Smart Health Care

Smart health care system has been widely studied by researchers in recent years. Various system design schemes have been proposed for the purpose of enhancing the performance of traditional hospital-centered health care system. Equipped with wireless devices, the innovative system is capable to offer intelligent monitoring and control. In this paper, the authors present an improved web-based motion detection system for health care. The algorithm running on it can detect different motion patterns for individuals and perform well across different hardware platforms, such as Android phones and sensors. The authors use Contiki and its supported low-power wireless standards for 6LoWPAN-based Wireless Sensor Network WSN to address security issues and realize real-time bidirectional communication. The Web of Things WoT integrates data from resource-constrained sensors into web applications and allows the realization of this smart system. Further, a technical evaluation is given to evaluate this system.
J-integral evaluation by resistance strain gauges

Abstract Under plane stress, the contour integral J is evaluated using strain gauge measurements on a cracked test specimen. Results compare favorably with the conventional compliance technique for experimental J evaluation except at relatively small loads. The technique holds the potential for real-time, single-specimen J evaluation.
Casein Production by Human Breast Cancer

Casein was measured in the sera of breast cancer patients, in breast cancer tumors, and in breast cancer cells in long-term tissue culture using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Levels present in breast cancer sera were not elevated above control values. Eight of forty-seven (17%) of the tumor samples tested were positive for casein, the highest level representing 0.003% of the soluble protein. When seven human breast cancer cell lines were assayed for casein, the results were uniformly negative even under conditions of stimulation by lactogenic hormones. In addition, direct immunoprecipitation of labeled cellular protein supported the negative result of the radioimmunoassay. Thus it appears that casein production is not a common characteristic of most human breast cancers.
Virginia Woolf's “A Sketch of the Past”: Life-writing, the Body, and the Mirror Gaze

(1993). Virginia Woolf's “A Sketch of the Past”: Life-writing, the Body, and the Mirror Gaze. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 51-71.
Assessing the Equity and Equality of Distribution of Public Pre-University Education Opportunities in Egypt

The research seeks to consolidate the range of theoretical concepts in the field of equitable distribution of educational opportunities, and apply them to Egypt. The author used statistical methods to measure and analyze the pattern of distribution of educational opportunities in the public pre-university education in Egypt. It emphasizes on the fact that the attainment of equitable distribution of educational opportunities will be accompanied by an improvement in the structure of human capital, and the qualitative and quantitative improvement in the structure of supply in the labor market and betters income distribution.
Best Value Solution Designed in a Developing Country

For the last two years, researchers have been working with parties in Malaysia to implement best value practices. After two years of research work, the effort has many lessons learned. Lessons learned include a combination of factors that make the best value approach difficult in a developing country such as Malaysia. The different strata of economic levels give the upper levels (owners) a greater perceived ability to control the supply chain even though they may lack the expertise. This causes owners to attempt to deliver construction by controlling the vendors, both professionals and contractors. This increases the difficulty moving from a price based or owner directed system to a best value environment, which releases control to experts. The authors use deductive logic models which show decision making, direction, and control negatively impact accountability, proactive behavior, and the use of expertise. The two-year research program results in addressing the issue of how a buyer in a developing country can utilize the expertise of experts, and how the expert can change their function to get a controlling owner to use their expertise. The paradigm shift needs to take place among the elite and the visionary, before the overall environment can make the change. The product of this research project is to meet the requirements of a visionary group of quantity surveyors in Malaysia.
"Are we a family or a business?" History and disjuncture in the urban American street gang

After 1987, in pool halls and city parks, high school football games, storefront churches, youth centers, and other sites where police presence was minimal, high-ranking leaders from Chicago’s largest AfricanAmerican street gang ‘‘Nations’’ began meeting to discuss the latest period of change in their respective associations. Adorned in jewelry and expensive designer clothes, and transported in luxury cars, the leaders left little doubt that underground commerce was at the heart of the gang’s activities. In between discussions of collective exigencies, most of which centered around management of their crack-cocaine trade, members ‘‘signi¢ed’’ with stories of failed or successful money laundering, new opportunities for investment, or a recent commodity purchase. Crack cocaine had arrived in the city and, with it, lucrative pro¢ts for a twenty- and thirty-something class of young black men living in the poorest neighborhoods. The involvement of gang members in the burgeoning underground trade was by no means ubiquitous: not all of Chicago’s neighborhood gangs were entrepreneurial, nor did all members of the successfully commercial groups earn revenue that could support conspicuous consumption ^ in fact, the majority earned slightly above minimum wage. 1 However, such activity was without precedent: organized entrepreneurship was an atypical venture for many of these thirty-year old gang families.
Dynamic Influence of Frame Stiffness on Heavy Truck Ride Evaluation

This experimental study determines the effect of truck frame stiffness on truck ride, as measured by B-post vertical and fore-aft accelerations. After describing the test setup, the paper will describe the details of two truck frames that are used in a series of tests conducted on a class-8 truck in the laboratory. The frames that are used for the tests include what commonly is used in production trucks in North American markets (called baseline frame), and a frame that is 15% thinner (called thin frame). The test results, which are analyzed in frequency domain, are compared for the two frames. They indicate that the thin frame performs similar to the baseline frame when the truck is subjected to heave inputs. For roll inputs, the thin frame causes an increase in B-post accelerations, mostly at frequencies associated with the frame beaming and the primary (axle) suspension resonance. The study concludes that field testing with both frame are needed to determine if the B-post acceleration increases that are measured in the laboratory cause a ride that is objectionable to the truck driver and occupants.