cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cell Invasion and Morphogenesis in a Three-Dimensional Type I Collagen Matrix by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases 1, 2, and 3

During tissue-invasive events, migrating cells penetrate type I collagen-rich interstitial tissues by mobilizing undefined proteolytic enzymes. To screen for members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family that mediate collagen-invasive activity, an in vitro model system was developed wherein MDCK cells were stably transfected to overexpress each of ten different MMPs that have been linked to matrix remodeling states. MDCK cells were then stimulated with scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) to initiate invasion and tubulogenesis atop either type I collagen or interstitial stroma to determine the ability of MMPs to accelerate, modify, or disrupt morphogenic responses. Neither secreted collagenases (MMP-1 and MMP-13), gelatinases (gelatinase A or B), stromelysins (MMP-3 and MMP-11), or matrilysin (MMP-7) affected SF/HGF-induced responses. By contrast, the membrane-anchored metalloproteinases, membrane-type 1 MMP, membrane-type 2 MMP, and membrane-type 3 MMP (MT1-, MT2-, and MT3-MMP) each modified the morphogenic program. Of the three MT-MMPs tested, only MT1-MMP and MT2-MMP were able to directly confer invasion-incompetent cells with the ability to penetrate type I collagen matrices. MT-MMP–dependent invasion proceeded independently of proMMP-2 activation, but required the enzymes to be membrane-anchored to the cell surface. These findings demonstrate that MT-MMP–expressing cells can penetrate and remodel type I collagen-rich tissues by using membrane-anchored metalloproteinases as pericellular collagenases.
Local Politics, Organized Interests, and Land-Use Policy: A Research Note Analyzing the Perceptions of Urban Planners Working in City Government

This research note examines the influence of organized interests in the land-use policy-making process from the perspective of urban planners employed in city government. Perceptions of these profe...
Conditions for estimation of corpus allatum activity in the blowfly, Phormia regina, in vitro

. Incubation conditions have been established for the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum (CC-CA) complex of female Phormia regina (Meigen), which will support CC-CA biosynthetic activities in vitro as measured by the incorporation of a labelled methyl group with L-[methyl-3H]methionine as the methyl donor. After incubation, radioactivity in the organic extract of the medium was determined by scintillation counting. Analysis of the organic extract with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that a compound which has similar retention time (UV absorbance) with synthetic JH III was synthesized by the CC-CA complexes of liver-fed females. By using this short-term, in vitro, radiochemical assay for CA activity, it was shown that a protein diet significantly increases the activity of the CA compared with females fed only a sugar-water diet. Furthermore, use of HPLC separation, in conjunction with scintillation counting of time-collected fractions, demonstrated the existence of a moiety containing incorporated radiolabeled methyl group (from the methionine) which did not co-elute with JH I or JH III standards. These results suggest that in P. regina use of the incorporation of a radiolabeled methyl group to measure JH biosynthesis (CA activity) can be misleading if the compounds which do not co-elute with JHs are not considered.
Methylmercury cycling in estuarine sediment pore waters (Penobscot River estuary, Maine, USA)

Particulate mercury (Hg) sequestered in coastal marine sediments may be efficiently methylated to highly toxic methylmercury (MeHg), thereby placing exposed organisms at risk of MeHg bioaccumulation. The Penobscot River estuary in Maine, U.S.A., has been subject to Hg contamination from multiple industries including a recently closed chlor-alkali production facility. Pore-water depth profiles of total Hg, MeHg, and ancillary chemistry for the midestuary region were collected in August 2006 and June 2007. The profiles are divisible into kinetically discrete intervals with respect to MeHg dynamics. Dominant MeHg production occurs between ,2 and 7 cm in August and ,2 and 8 cm in June, with similar net MeHg production rates between 0.35 3 10220 and 4.9 3 10220 mol cm23 s21. A significant decrease in pore-water MeHg concentration is observed in the vicinity of the sediment–water interface (SWI). For August, a minimum MeHg consumption rate constant of 1.1 d21 may be estimated equal to the diffusive transport rate within a depth interval ,0.75 cm. In June, the MeHg consumption zone extends from the SWI to a similar depth as for August, but the consumption rate is slower. MeHg consumption involves both sorption to sediment and demethylation. Intact sediment cores were incubated in the laboratory under various ponding regimes to study the influence of dominant geochemical parameters on in situ Hg methylation. The ponding regime changes the location of the redoxcline, which affects the depth of maximum methylation. Induced shoaling of the redoxcline brought about by the absence of any advective mixing of overlying water results in heightened MeHg efflux from the sediment.
Evoked Extracellular Dopamine In Vivo in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

: The measurement of evoked extracellular dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex by using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with carbon-fiber microelectrodes was established and release characteristics of mesoprefrontal dopamine neurons were examined in vivo in anesthetized rats. Despite the sparse dopaminergic innervation and the presence of more dense noradrenergic and serotonergic innervations overall in the medial prefrontal cortex, the measurement of extracellular dopamine was achieved by selective recording in dopamine-rich terminal fields and selective activation of ascending dopamine neurons. This was confirmed by electrochemical, pharmacological, and anatomical evidence. An increased release capacity for mesoprefrontal dopamine neurons was also demonstrated by the slower decay of the evoked dopamine response after inhibition of catecholamine synthesis and the maintenance of the evoked dopamine response at higher levels in the medial prefrontal cortex compared with the striatum during supraphysiological stimulation.
Defective Fas Ligand Expression and Activation-Induced Cell Death in the Absence of IL-2-Inducible T Cell Kinase

The Tec family tyrosine kinase, IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (Itk), plays an important role in TCR signaling. Studies of T cells from Itk-deficient mice have demonstrated that Itk is critical for the activation of phospholipase-Cγ1, leading to calcium mobilization in response to TCR stimulation. This biochemical defect results in reduced IL-2 production by Itk-deficient T cells. To further characterize the downstream effects of the Itk deficiency, we crossed Itk−/− mice to a TCR-transgenic line and examined T cell responses to stimulation by peptide plus APC. These studies show that Itk is required for maximal activation of early growth responses 2 and 3 and Fas ligand transcription after TCR stimulation. These transcriptional defects lead to reduced activation-induced cell death of stimulated Itk−/− T cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Together these studies define an important role for Itk in TCR signaling, leading to cytokine gene expression and activation-induced cell death.
Standardization efforts for software-defined radio

Software-defined radios (SDRs) allow the user or operator to switch between multiple waveforms without any changes to the underlying radio hardware. Minimally configurable radios that support only a few waveforms are easily managed using proprietary interfaces. However, true software radios allow thousands of different waveforms, making their configuration a nontrivial task. The level of complexity introduced by SDR has been recognized for over a decade. This paper provides an overview of different efforts to standardize the configuration and operation of SDRs. I discuss the Joint Tactical Radio Systems (JTRS) standard developed by the U.S. Army, based on the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) framework. JTRS is compared to the NASA proposal known as STRS. Both of these standards deal with higher network layers and treat the physical layer as a ‘black box.’ A new standard to describe the physical layer, SDRPHY, is discussed in detail. Finally, a few hardware-specific standardization efforts are discussed. 1 2
Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate

Abstract. Pronounced projected 21st century trends in regional oceanic net primary production (NPP) raise the prospect of significant redistributions of marine resources. Recent results further suggest that NPP changes may be amplified at higher trophic levels. Here, we elucidate the role of planktonic food web dynamics in driving projected changes in mesozooplankton production (MESOZP) found to be, on average, twice as large as projected changes in NPP by the latter half of the 21st century under a high emissions scenario in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's ESM2M–COBALT (Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics) earth system model. Globally, MESOZP was projected to decline by 7.9% but regional MESOZP changes sometimes exceeded 50%. Changes in three planktonic food web properties – zooplankton growth efficiency (ZGE), the trophic level of mesozooplankton (MESOTL), and the fraction of NPP consumed by zooplankton (zooplankton–phytoplankton coupling, ZPC), explain the projected amplification. Zooplankton growth efficiencies (ZGE) changed with NPP, amplifying both NPP increases and decreases. Negative amplification (i.e., exacerbation) of projected subtropical NPP declines via this mechanism was particularly strong since consumers in the subtropics have limited surplus energy above basal metabolic costs. Increased mesozooplankton trophic level (MESOTL) resulted from projected declines in large phytoplankton production. This further amplified negative subtropical NPP declines but was secondary to ZGE and, at higher latitudes, was often offset by increased ZPC. Marked ZPC increases were projected for high-latitude regions experiencing shoaling of deep winter mixing or decreased winter sea ice – both tending to increase winter zooplankton biomass and enhance grazer control of spring blooms. Increased ZPC amplified projected NPP increases in the Arctic and damped projected NPP declines in the northwestern Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Improved understanding of the physical and biological interactions governing ZGE, MESOTL and ZPC is needed to further refine estimates of climate-driven productivity changes across trophic levels.
Human-robot interaction in USAR technical search: two heads are better than one

Effective human-robot interaction in urban search and rescue robotics currently requires a minimum 2:1 human-to-robot ratio. The demands are not just physical (though the task at present is facilitated by having a second person assist with physical robot operations); cognitive challenges are presented by the key-hole effect, teleproprioception and telekinesthesis. In studies with 2:1 robot teams, operators who talked more with their teammates about the search environment, the robot's situatedness in that environment, and search strategies seemed to develop a shared mental model of both the search environment and the task at hand. Moreover, operators who talked more about goal-directed aspects of the search task with their teammates were rated as having better situation awareness and task performance. Effective teams were nine times more likely to find victims in search exercises. This suggests that robot-assisted search and rescue is a team task and good human-robot interaction is critical to performance.
Exercise-Induced Bone Formation Is Poorly Linked to Local Strain Magnitude in the Sheep Tibia

Functional interpretations of limb bone structure frequently assume that diaphyses adjust their shape by adding bone primarily across the plane in which they are habitually loaded in order to minimize loading-induced strains. Here, to test this hypothesis, we characterize the in vivo strain environment of the sheep tibial midshaft during treadmill exercise and examine whether this activity promotes bone formation disproportionately in the direction of loading in diaphyseal regions that experience the highest strains. It is shown that during treadmill exercise, sheep tibiae were bent in an anteroposterior direction, generating maximal tensile and compressive strains on the anterior and posterior shaft surfaces, respectively. Exercise led to significantly increased periosteal bone formation; however, rather than being biased toward areas of maximal strains across the anteroposterior axis, exercise-related osteogenesis occurred primarily around the medial half of the shaft circumference, in both high and low strain regions. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that loadinginduced bone growth is not closely linked to local strain magnitude in every instance. Therefore, caution is necessary when bone shaft shape is used to infer functional loading history in the absence of in vivo data on how bones are loaded and how they actually respond to loading.
Decentralized optimization, with application to multiple aircraft coordination

We present a decentralized optimization method for solving the coordination problem of interconnected nonlinear discrete-time dynamic systems with multiple decision makers. The optimization framework embeds the inherent structure in which each decision maker has a mathematical model that captures only the local dynamics and the associated interconnecting global constraints. A globally convergent algorithm based on sequential local optimizations is presented. Under assumptions of differentiability and linear independence constraint qualification, we show that the method results in global convergence to /spl epsiv/-feasible Nash solutions that satisfy the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker necessary conditions for Pareto-optimality. We apply this methodology to a multiple unmanned air vehicle system, with kinematic aircraft models, coordinating in a common airspace with separation requirements between the aircraft.
Periodic State Heat Effects in Pressure Swing Adsorption-Solvent Vapor Recovery

Heat effects in the pressure swing adsorption (PSA)-n-butane vapor recovery process were investigated at the periodic state by computer simulation. The PSA process utilized a two-bed, four-step, vacuum swing cycle and BAX activated carbon as the adsorbent. The heat effects were manifested by varying the heat transfer coefficient (h) from isothermal to adiabatic, while simultaneously varying the adsorbed phase heat capacity (Cpa) from zero to that of the saturated liquid. In terms of the bed capacity factor (BCF), isothermal operation always resulted in the best performance, whereas adiabatic operation was not the worst; independent of Cpa, the worst performance occurred at an intermediate h. Cpa also had a significant effect on the BCF, where a larger Cpa (i.e., a larger heat sink) always decreased the BCF and thus improved the process performance. A factorial analysis showed that the effect of Cpa on the BCF became even more pronounced as the cycle time increased. h and Cpa had essentially no effect on the solvent vapor enrichment under the conditions investigated. Overall, this study demonstrated that the effects of h and Cpa are uniquely coupled; thus knowing their magnitudes is paramount to obtaining accurate predictions from a PSA-solvent vapor recovery model.
Measurement and Prediction of Thermal Properties of Foods

This report outlines thermal property measurement techniques and thermal property modelling of foods. The discussion on measurement technique focuses on thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity only. Since thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity measurements are based on the heat transfer mechanism, measurement apparatus is specifically designed for certain materials and environmental conditions. The probe technique designed for simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity has been one of the most widely used because it can be easily operated, and commercially produced. A PC-based probe apparatus is presented. Published models on thermal conductivity prediction are grouped according to their appropriate food system. It is proposed in this study that the thermal conductivity model of foods be made up of its components and a structural model that accounts for the component arrangement in the system. The Keey model was found the best structural model for porous foods while the parallel-perpendicular model worked well for frozen nonporous system. This model was also appropriate for meat measured along the fibers at above freezing temperatures. The rest of nonporous foods was found best predicted with the parallel model.
Effect of Transition Planning on Postsecondary Support Receipt by Students With Disabilities

The authors of this article analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 to determine the effect of receiving transition planning education and having a transition plan that specified needed postsecondary accommodations on the receipt of disability-specific services and generally available supports at the postsecondary level by students with disabilities. Propensity model analyses indicated that both variables significantly increased the odds that students with disabilities would receive disability-specific and generally available supports at 2-year institutions. In addition, students with transition plans specifying accommodations were more likely to receive disability-related supports at career and technical education (CTE) schools, and CTE students who had received transition planning education in high school were more likely to receive generally available supports. The results provide important implications for policy and practice, and a strong foundation for further exploration of ...
High-pressure high-temperature phase diagram of gadolinium studied using a boron-doped heater anvil

A boron-doped designer heater anvil is used in conjunction with powder x-ray diffraction to collect structural information on a sample of quasi-hydrostatically loaded gadolinium metal up to pressures above 8 GPa and 600 K. The heater anvil consists of a natural diamond anvil that has been surface modified with a homoepitaxially grown chemical-vapor-deposited layer of conducting boron-doped diamond, and is used as a DC heating element. Internally insulating both diamond anvils with sapphire support seats allows for heating and cooling of the high-pressure area on the order of a few tens of seconds. This device is then used to scan the phase diagram of the sample by oscillating the temperature while continuously increasing the externally applied pressure and collecting in situ time-resolved powder diffraction images. In the pressure-temperature range covered in this experiment, the gadolinium sample is observed in its hcp, αSm, and dhcp phases. Under this temperature cycling, the hcp → αSm transition procee...
Increased susceptibility to No. 2 fuel oil coincident with initiation of particle feeding in developing mud snails, Ilyanassa obsoleta

Encapsulated embryos and free-living larvae of Ilyanassa obsoleta were exposed to concentrations of No. 2 fuel oil (water-accommodated fraction, WAF) up to 1.0 ppm. Development of velum pigmentation and release of larvae from egg capsules were delayed in the presence of 1.0 ppm WAF, but exposure to the oil did not increase developmental mortality of encapsulated individuals. Individuals which were prematurely removed from egg capsules and exposed to oil directly suffered no mortality until yolk reserves were depleted and feeding on phytoplankton commenced. Feeding, free-living larvae suffer high mortality at 1.0 ppm WAF. The reduced susceptibility of encapsulated embryos to the oil stress may therefore reflect the importance of toxicant uptake by ingestion (as opposed to diffusion) rather than the degree of protection afforded by encapsulation.
Evaluation of a Urine Transport Kit on Urine Reagent Strip Testing

A Urine Culture & Sensitivity Transport Kit was evaluated for the effect of the preservative used in this kit on urine reagent strip testing and microscopic analysis. Urine samples from 50 random patients were separated into unpreserved and preserved aliquots and tested for specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, occult blood, and urobilinogen using the CLINILAB instrument. Agreement between chemical parameters and microscopic findings on unpreserved versus preserved samples was good (80% to 89%) to excellent (90% to 100%). Least agreement was observed for protein (84%), pH greater than 7, and specific gravity. Significant differences in specific gravity measurements between unpreserved and preserved urine samples, protein/pH disparities, and the cost of these kits suggest that the kits offer little advantage over prompt delivery and refrigeration when attempting routine urinalysis and culture from the same urine specimen.
Potassium metabolism and gastrointestinal function; a review; a semiquantitative approach.

The relationship of potassium to gastrointestinal function has been discussed, and quantitative expressions have been introduced in areas where such data are available. On an average diet, 77 mEq. of potassium are ingested, and 7 mEq. excreted in the feces. The daily absorption amounts to 2.2 per cent of exchangeable potassium.
Influence of Hydraulic Fracturing on Overlying Aquifers in the Presence of Leaky Abandoned Wells.

The association between hydrocarbon-rich reservoirs and organic-rich source rocks means unconventional oil and gas plays usually occur in mature sedimentary basins-where large-scale conventional development has already taken place. Abandoned wells in proximity to hydraulic fracturing could be affected by increased fluid pressures and corresponding newly generated fractures that directly connect (frac hit) to an abandoned well or to existing fractures intersecting an abandoned well. If contaminants migrate to a pathway hydraulically connected to an abandoned well, upward leakage may occur. Potential effects of hydraulic fracturing on upward flow through a particular type of leaky abandoned well-abandoned oil and gas wells converted into water wells were investigated using numerical modeling. Several factors that affect flow to leaky wells were considered including proximity of a leaky well to hydraulic fracturing, flowback, production, and leaky well abandonment methods. The numerical model used historical records and available industry data for the Eagle Ford Shale play in south Texas. Numerical simulations indicate that upward contaminant migration could occur through leaky converted wells if certain spatial and hydraulic conditions exist. Upward flow through leaky converted wells increased with proximity to hydraulic fracturing, but decreased when flowback and production occurred. Volumetric flow rates ranged between 0 and 0.086 m3 /d for hydraulic-fracturing scenarios. Potential groundwater impacts should be paired with plausible transport mechanisms, and upward flow through leaky abandoned wells could be unrelated to hydraulic fracturing. The results also underscore the need to evaluate historical activities.
Estimation on Population Size of Drug Users With Simplified Multiplier Method

Objective To master the population size of drug users in Yaan city,and to provide a basis for forecasting the HIV / AIDS epidemic and for the allocation of control and prevention resources. Methods Simple multiplier method was adopted for estimating the population size of drug users. Results In 2012,the population size of drug users in Yaan city was estimated as 4626. Conclusion By and large,the simplified multiplier method could reflect the current population size of drug users in Yaan city.
Crystal structure of rac-3-[2,3-bis­(phenyl­sulfan­yl)-3H-indol-3-yl]propanoic acid

The title compound, C23H19NO2S2, was obtained as an unexpected regioisomer from an attempted synthesis of an inter­mediate for a substituent-effect study on ergot alkaloids. This is the first report of a 1H-indole mono­thio­ating at the 2- and 3-positions to give a 3H-indole. In the crystal, the acid H atom is twisted roughly 180° from the typical carb­oxy conformation and forms centrosymmetric O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonded dimers with the indole N atom of an inversion-related mol­ecule. Together with a weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the carbonyl O atom, chains are formed along [100].
Imaginary Line, Real Limits (1962–1991)

Admiral Anushiravani’s sighting of the Astara-Hassanqoli line on the Soviet admiralty chart in Baku in the summer 1972 confirmed once again the very real nature of the Soviet-Iranian boundary in the Caspian. Its origin was not obscure and its existence hardly could have been disputed.
Broiler Carcass Reprocessing, A Further Evaluation

The microbiological quality of 745 conventionally processed and 745 reprocessed broiler carcasses was determined. Carcasses were taken from the processing line prior to entering the chiller in five commercial processing plants. Each plant was sampled twice during the winter, spring, and summer. Analyses included aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae , and Escherichia coli counts plus qualitative Salmonella (SAL) prevalence. Differences between overall mean log10 counts for aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae , and E. coli were not significant. The prevalence of SAL detected on conventionally processed and reprocessed carcasses also was not significantly different. Some variation was observed in microbiological quality of carcasses among processing plants. Although the SAL prevalence appeared to decline from winter to summer replications, no significant trend could be demonstrated. Continuation of the practice of reprocessing carcasses appears justified.
Research to Advance Undergraduate HRD Education: “Please Sir, I Want Some More”:

The ProblemThere is a dearth of research focusing on undergraduate human resource development (HRD) education. As a result, programs offering undergraduate degrees in HRD or degrees related to HRD may be making program decisions without the benefit of empirical research. Alternatively, programs may be conducting their own action research projects where the results may not be generalizable to other institutions.The SolutionThe present issue takes one small step forward related to filling the gap in undergraduate HRD education. The empirical articles in this issue are reviewed and synthesized to identify five opportunities for research that can inform education and practice.The StakeholdersThe primary audience includes HRD scholars and scholar-practitioners, including master and doctorate students, interested in conducting research relevant to undergraduate HRD education. The secondary audience includes leaders of the field, including board members of the Academy of Human Resource Development (AHRD), the AH...
Characteristics of women age 15-24 at risk for excess weight gain during pregnancy

Purpose Excess weight gain during pregnancy is a serious health concern among young pregnant women in the US. This study aimed to characterize young women at highest risk for gaining over the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy. Methods Using a database that is representative of births in large U.S. cities, The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we identified mothers of singleton term-infants age 15–24 years at the time of delivery. Institute of Medicine guidelines were used to categorize each mother’s weight gain as less than, within, or more than recommended during pregnancy. Multinomial logistic regression models for weight gain category were performed, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, federal poverty level (FPL), health status, and prepregnancy BMI. Results Among the weighted sample (n = 1,034, N = 181,375), the mean (SD) age was 21 (3) years, 32% were black, 39% were Hispanic, 44% reported income under the Federal Poverty Level, 45% were overweight or obese before pregnancy, and 55% gained more weight than recommended during pregnancy. Women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy were at increased risk for gaining more pregnancy weight than recommended, compared to normal-weight women (adjusted Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 3.82, p = 0.01; RRR = 3.27, p = 0.03, respectively). Hispanics were less likely than non-Hispanics to gain more weight than recommended (RRR = 0.39, p = 0.03). Conclusions The majority of mothers ages 15–24 gained excess weight during pregnancy, a strong risk factor for later obesity. Prepregnancy overweight or obesity and non-Hispanic ethnicity predicted excess pregnancy weight gain. Interventions and policies should target these high-risk young women to prevent excess weight gain.
Attitude reports with and without true belief

In Turkish, attitude verbs or embedded clauses cannot be identified as factive presupposition triggers. Yet, the presupposition s observed when certain verbs embed nominalized clauses. I propose to derive the inference globally in the composition, rather than encoding it as a lexical property of certain "triggers."
Identifying National Availability of Abortion Care and Distance From Major US Cities: Systematic Online Search

Abortion is a common medical procedure, yet its availability has become more limited across the United States over the past decade. Women who do not know where to go for abortion care may use the internet to find abortion facility information, and there appears to be more online searches for abortion in states with more restrictive abortion laws. While previous studies have examined the distances women must travel to reach an abortion provider, to our knowledge no studies have used a systematic online search to document the geographic locations and services of abortion facilities.The objective of our study was to describe abortion facilities and services available in the United States from the perspective of a potential patient searching online and to identify US cities where people must travel the farthest to obtain abortion care.In early 2017, we conducted a systematic online search for abortion facilities in every state and the largest cities in each state. We recorded facility locations, types of abortion services available, and facility gestational limits. We then summarized the frequencies by region and state. If the online information was incomplete or unclear, we called the facility using a mystery shopper method, which simulates the perspective of patients calling for services. We also calculated distance to the closest abortion facility from all US cities with populations of 50,000 or more.We identified 780 facilities through our online search, with the fewest in the Midwest and South. Over 30% (236/780, 30.3%) of all facilities advertised the provision of medication abortion services only; this proportion was close to 40% in the Northeast (89/233, 38.2%) and West (104/262, 39.7%). The lowest gestational limit at which services were provided was 12 weeks in Wyoming; the highest was 28 weeks in New Mexico. People in 27 US cities must travel over 100 miles (160 km) to reach an abortion facility; the state with the largest number of such cities is Texas (n=10).Online searches can provide detailed information about the location of abortion facilities and the types of services they provide. However, these facilities are not evenly distributed geographically, and many large US cities do not have an abortion facility. Long distances can push women to seek abortion in later gestations when care is even more limited.
Multiparameter Markov Processes

We can informally interpret Chapter 8’s definition of a Markov process X = (X t ; t ≥ 0) as a (one-parameter) process whose “future” values X t+s depend on the past only through its current value X t . While this is perfectly intuitively clear (due to the well-ordering of the “time axis”), it is far less clear what a multiparameter Markov process should be. In this chapter we introduce and study a class of random fields called multiparameter Markov processes. The definitions, given early on, are motivated by the potential theory that is developed later in this chapter. We will also see how this multiparameter theory can be used to study intersections of ordinary one-parameter processes.
Estimation of Remote Sensing Imagery Atmospheric Conditions Using Deep Learning and Image Classification

Estimation of atmospheric conditions is an important problem for remote sensing imagery analysis and processing. Especially it is useful to have a fast and accurate method when collecting weekly or daily imagery of the entire land surface of the earth with high resolution. This task appears in many remote sensing applications such as tracking changes of the landscape, agricultural image analysis, landscape anomaly detection. In this paper, we propose a method of atmospheric conditions estimation based on RGB image classification using fine-tunned CNN ensemble and image classifiers. We investigate usage of CNNs (Alexnet and a pretrained CNN ensemble) as feature extractors in combination with different classifiers such as XGBoost and ExtraTrees. We have tested the proposed method on a data set provided in the kaggle contest “Planet: Understanding the Amazon from Space” where the application task is to analyze deforestation in the Amazon Basin.
Explaining interpersonal difficulty via implicit and explicit personality correlates of mania risk.

Abstract Background Mania is associated with social conflict, reduced social support, and reduced social interaction quality (Breyer et al., 2003; Coryell et al., 1998; Morriss et al., 2007). Chronic stress in interpersonal relationships is related to the worsening of mood symptoms (Kim et al., 2007), suggesting the importance of characterizing the mechanism of interpersonal relationship disruption in bipolar disorder. The current study was designed to investigate exaggerated dominance tendencies present in at-risk individuals (Gardner, 1982; Wilson and Price, 2006), which may represent one such mechanism. Methods Sixty-nine University undergraduate participants (50.7% female, 22 categorized as high mania risk) completed an implicit measure of power motivation and series of self-report questionnaires designed to assess dominance-relevant traits. Results Risk for mania was related to a tendency to experience contempt, and an implicit index of dominance tendencies, and also to trait-like tendencies to experience pride, perceptions of being more powerful and influential across relationships,. Limitations Use of an undergraduate population and a dimensional measure of mania risk (rather than diagnosed individuals) are limitations. Conclusions Mania risk is tied not only to the pursuit of dominance, but also to beliefs and actions consistent with a sense of power. Current findings provide evidence that the dominance system profile observed in those at risk for mania could be one source of interpersonal problems.
Semi-hard magnetic nanocomposites based on out-of-equilibrium Fe2+δNb and Fe2+δTa Laves phases

Melt-spun Fe100-xNbx and Fe100-xTax alloys consisting of a hexagonal (C14) Laves phase and an iron-based bcc phase were found to exhibit room-temperature coercivities up to 0.45 and 0.48 kOe, respectively. The non-equilibrium C14 structures in the melt-spun alloys are characterized by a smaller unit cell volume, a higher Curie temperature and, presumably, a greater concentration of Fe compared to the C14 structures in the alloys annealed at 1533 K. The room-temperature coercivity, which correlates with the C14 lattice contraction, is believed to be caused by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the non-equilibrium Laves phase with the latter being magnetically coupled with the Fe phase via an intergranular exchange interaction. On the other hand, a coercivity of around 0.3 kOe persists in the melt-spun alloys above the Curie temperature of the C14 phase. This high-temperature coercivity may originate from the shape or strain anisotropy of the Fe phase particles. The energy density of the reported two-phase alloys is not sufficiently high to consider them potential hard magnetic materials. However, the pure non-equilibrium Fe2+δNb and Fe2+δTa compounds may be of interest if they can be isolated and textured.Melt-spun Fe100-xNbx and Fe100-xTax alloys consisting of a hexagonal (C14) Laves phase and an iron-based bcc phase were found to exhibit room-temperature coercivities up to 0.45 and 0.48 kOe, respectively. The non-equilibrium C14 structures in the melt-spun alloys are characterized by a smaller unit cell volume, a higher Curie temperature and, presumably, a greater concentration of Fe compared to the C14 structures in the alloys annealed at 1533 K. The room-temperature coercivity, which correlates with the C14 lattice contraction, is believed to be caused by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the non-equilibrium Laves phase with the latter being magnetically coupled with the Fe phase via an intergranular exchange interaction. On the other hand, a coercivity of around 0.3 kOe persists in the melt-spun alloys above the Curie temperature of the C14 phase. This high-temperature coercivity may originate from the shape or strain anisotropy of the Fe phase particles. The energy density of the reported two-phas...
Primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: the spectrum of imaging appearances and differential

Central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (CNS-PTLD) is a rare disease that presents with non-specific signs and symptoms. The purpose of this article is to present the imaging appearances of CNS-PTLD by magnetic resonance imaging. We highlight the differential diagnostic considerations including primary central nervous system lymphoma, glioblastoma, cerebral abscess, and metastatic disease. This is an important topic to review since in daily practice the diagnosis of CNS-PTLD is often not initially considered when present due to its rarity and the lack of radiologists’ familiarity with the disease. Knowing the unique imaging features of CNS-PTLD narrows the differential diagnosis, facilitates the diagnostic work-up, and optimizes making the diagnosis. Advanced MRI data for CNS PTLD is limited but is promising for helping with narrowing the differential diagnosis.
Effects of 7S globulin 3 derived from the adzuki bean [Vigna angularis] on the CSP- and eDNA- dependent biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

Abstract Objective Streptococcus mutans is a principal bacterium that forms pathogenic biofilm involved in the development of dental caries. S. mutans possesses a quorum sensing system (QS) stimulated by competence stimulating peptide (CSP), which is associated with bacteriocin production, genetic competency and biofilm formation. Inhibiting CSP-dependent QS is one of the aims leading to the inhibition of biofilm formation and is useful for establishing new prevention systems for dental caries. Design In this study, we selected adzuki bean [Vigna angularis] extract as a candidate component to inhibit CSP-dependent biofilm formation among various foods. To purify an inhibitory component from the adzuki extracts, we performed the salting-out method, two rounds of ion-exchange chromatography, and SDS and native PAGE. Results A primary protein band that inhibits CSP-dependent biofilm formation appeared at approximately 50 kDa and was identified as 7S globulin 3 (7S3), a major seed storage protein in adzuki bean. To determine the characteristics of 7S3 as an inhibitory component, aggregated proteins were extracted from the adzuki crude extracts at pH values lower than 6. The aggregated proteins inhibited CSP- and eDNA-dependent biofilm formation and showed 50 kDa band, which is identical with 7S3 in the purified sample. Moreover, 7S globulin 3 in the adzuki bean extract directly interacted with CSP at low pH conditions but not at neutral conditions, and inhibited CSP-dependent bacteriocin production. Conclusion It was suggested that 7S3 might be a safe and useful material to prevent pathogenic activities in the biofilm formation of S. mutans.
Visual uncertainty models through the political lens of the visual arts in the eras of Bush and Trump

In today’s political and rhetorical landscape, many politicians use Twitter as their communication platform of choice. President Donald Trump is one of the best-known Twitter users. The media often...
Right Ventricular Infarction Associated with Pulmonary Embolism.

Background: Since the introduction of heparin as part of the management of acute coronary syndrome, the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) as a complication of myocardial infarction (MI) have somewhat been unheard of. Given this rarity, its recognition is now a formidable challenge. Case Description: We present a case of a previously well 56-year-old male who presented with typical chest pain radiating to the left arm and dizziness. Initial vital signs revealed a blood pressure of 95/65 mmHg and his heart rate was 42 bpm. Physical exam revealed a middle-aged male in no acute distress with cool extremities, normal heart sounds, no murmurs and flat neck veins. His chest was clear to auscultation, abdomen benign and clinically, he was euvolemic. His first electrocardiogram (EKG) was significant for bradycardia with heart block and junctional escape rhythm and ST depressions in the anteroseptal leads. Subsequent right sided EKG showed sinus bradycardia with ST segment elevations in leads II, III and aVF. Troponin I was 0.95 ng/L [normal Conclusion: This case illustrates that pulmonary embolism is a potential complication of RV infarction and its early identification is critical for implementation of anticoagulation therapy for this potentially fatal condition if left undiagnosed and untreated.
Web Exclusive. Annals for Hospitalist Inpatient Notes - Optimal Treatment Duration for Patients Hospitalized With Pneumonia-The Benefits of Less.

Are the antibiotics that you prescribe at hospital discharge helping your patients or harming them? In this commentary, an expert discusses the optimal antibiotic duration for patients with pneumon...
Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major public health concern and requires prompt treatment. Goals of treatment include curing the individual patient and protecting the community from ongoing tuberculosis transmission. To achieve durable cure, regimens must include multiple agents given concurrently and in a manner to ensure completion of therapy. This article focuses on preferred regimens of drug-susceptible tuberculosis under current guidelines by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America and World Health Organization. In addition, topics including patient centered care, poor treatment outcomes, and adverse effects are also discussed.
It’s Not About Being Right: Developing Argument Through Debate:

This research sought to develop argument as a problem-solving process by adding debate to social studies instruction with three groups of fifth-grade students. This design-based research (DBR) repo...
Endonasal endoscopic surgery for pediatric anterior cranial fossa encephaloceles: A systematic review.

Abstract Background Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS) is a well-established management strategy for anterior cranial fossa (ACF) encephaloceles in adults. However, its application to the pediatric population has not been evaluated in large-scale studies. This study systematically reviews the safety of ESBS for pediatric ACF encephaloceles. Methods Articles reporting on pediatric patients undergoing purely ESBS for encephaloceles were reviewed from three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library). Main outcomes were post-operative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and other surgical complications. Results Twenty-three articles provided data on 110 eligible patients with a mean age of 4.3 years (range birth – 18 years). Intraoperative CSF leaks occurred in 18.5% of children while post-operative CSF leaks developed in 6.0% of cases. Rates of meningitis and hydrocephalus were each 3.7%. Other complications included alar collapse, nasal stenosis, transient diabetes insipidus, pneumonia, and neurologic injury, collectively occurring in 7.0% of cases. The rate of death was 4.8%. The average duration of follow-up was 25.3 months. Encephaloceles recurred in 5.2% of patients. Conclusions ESBS for pediatric ACF encephaloceles provides a relatively favorable risk-benefit profile, with a low rate of post-operative CSF leak, other surgical complications, and disease recurrence.
Endothelial inwardly-rectifying K+ channels as a key component of shear stress-induced mechanotransduction

It has been recognized for decades that fluid shear stress plays a major role in vascular function. Acting on the endothelium shear stress induces vasorelaxation of resistance arteries and plays a major role in the propensity of the major arteries to atherosclerosis. Many elements of shear-induced signaling have been identified yet we are just beginning to decipher the roles that mechanosensitive ion channels may play in the signaling pathways initiated by shear stress. Endothelial inwardly-rectifying K+ channels were identified as potential primary mechanosensors in the late 1980s yet until our recent works, highlighted in the forthcoming chapter, the functional effect of a shear-activated K+ current was completely unknown. In this chapter, we present the physiological effects of shear stress in arteries in health and disease and highlight the most prevalent of today's investigated mechanosensitive ion channels. Ultimately, we focus on Kir2.1 channels and discuss in detail our findings regarding the downstream signaling events that are induced by shear-activated endothelial Kir2.1 channels. Most importantly, we examine our findings regarding hypercholesterolemia-induced inhibition of Kir channel shear-sensitivity and the impact on endothelial function in the context of flow (shear)-mediated vasodilation and atherosclerosis.
Fertility Desires of Adolescent Females: Decreased Desire for Children in Those Identifying as Transgender/Gender Diverse and in Depressed Adolescents.

Abstract Study Objective We aimed to describe fertility desires in healthy adolescent females and to explore associations of fertility desire with conditions and therapies potentially compromising fertility. Design This was a cross-sectional, anonymous survey. Setting and Participants A total of 323 female adolescents aged 13-19 years were recruited from clinic waiting areas at a children's hospital. We oversampled on days when clinics serving adolescents with potential fertility compromise were scheduled. Main Outcome Measures We measured fertility desire by agreement with the statement “I want to have children someday.” To measure compromised fertility we asked “In the past year, has a doctor, nurse or other medical professional ever talked to you about the possibility that you may have decreased fertility and may not be able to have your own biological child someday?” To measure depression severity, we used a validated scale, the PHQ-9, scores were dichotomized into no/mild and moderate/severe depression. Results Mean age was 16.06 ± 1.87 years. Of the 323 participants, 57% identified as Hispanic, 24% as Black, 93.5% as cisgender, 6.5% as transgender/gender diverse, 70% as heterosexual, and 30% as sexual minority. A total of 35% had moderate/severe depression, and 12% had compromised fertility. Overall, 89% wanted children. Fewer transgender/gender diverse than cisgender participants wanted children (67% vs 93%, P Conclusions We found a high overall proportion of female adolescents desiring future children, and only 2 independent predictors of decreased fertility desire, namely, transgender/gender diverse identity and moderate/severe depression.