cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with the liver glucocorticoid receptor-DNA complex.

Abstract The rat liver glucocorticoid receptor has been eluted from DNA-cellulose with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate at low ionic strength. This elution is concentration dependent with 80–90% of the receptor eluted in 30 rain at 0 °C when the concentration of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is 10 m m . This elution is specific for the 4′-aldehyde group of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate since vitamin B 6 analogs lacking this group are inactive in eluting the steroid-receptor complex from DNA-cellulose. Receptor has also been eluted from rat liver nuclei with similar results. The receptor eluted with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate has been compared with the receptor eluted with 0.45 m NaCl. Both methods of elution yield a steroid-receptor complex which sediments at about 3.7 S. The pyridoxal 5′-phosphate-eluted receptor however, is less prone to aggregation at low ionic strength and more stable with respect to steroid binding than the 0.45 m NaCl-eluted steroid-receptor complex. The complement of proteins eluted from DNA-cellulose with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate is very similar to that eluted with NaCl as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Pupation Site Selection in Four Drosophilid Species: Aggregation and Contact

This study of pupation site selection was undertaken to assess the frequency and orientation of pupae making physical contact in four sympatric species in the family Drosophilidae: Drosophila melanogaster, D. simulans, D. funebris, and Zaprionus tuberculatus. Pupation behavior was assayed in a vial containing a small food cup. Using nearest-neighbor analysis, we found that pupae were aggregated. Furthermore, the frequency of contact between pupae was far greater than could be explained by chance, in all four species. In the three species of Drosophila, about a third of the contacts were between intimately paired pupae whose long axes were parallel; we call this arrangement synapsis. In Z. tuberculatus, most pupal contacts were unoriented. When D. melanogaster larvae were reared with each of the other species, heterospecific pupal contact, including synapsis, occurred. Our discovery of pupal contact in several drosophilids expands the known repertory of social behavior in this family.
Visualization of Chemokine Receptor Activation in Transgenic Mice Reveals Peripheral Activation of CCR2 Receptors in States of Neuropathic Pain

CCR2 chemokine receptor signaling has been implicated in the generation of diverse types of neuropathology, including neuropathic pain. For example, ccr2 knock-out mice are resistant to the establishment of neuropathic pain, and mice overexpressing its ligand, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1; also known as CCL2), show enhanced pain sensitivity. However, whether CCR2 receptor activation occurs in the central or peripheral nervous system in states of neuropathic pain has not been clear. We developed a novel method for visualizing CCR2 receptor activation in vivo by generating bitransgenic reporter mice in which the chemokine receptor CCR2 and its ligand MCP1 were labeled by the fluorescent proteins enhanced green fluorescent protein and monomeric red fluorescent protein-1, respectively. CCR2 receptor activation under conditions such as acute inflammation and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis could be faithfully visualized by using these mice. We examined the status of CCR2 receptor activation in a demyelination injury model of neuropathic pain and found that MCP1-induced CCR2 receptor activation mainly occurred in the peripheral nervous system, including the injured peripheral nerve and dorsal root ganglia. These data explain the rapid antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered CCR2 antagonists under these circumstances, suggesting that CCR2 antagonists may ameliorate pain by inhibiting CCR2 receptor activation in the periphery. The method developed here for visualizing CCR2 receptor activation in vivo may be extended to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in general and will be valuable for studying intercellular GPCR-mediated communication in vivo.
Muscle artifacts in the sleep EEG: Automated detection and effect on all-night EEG power spectra

Owing to the use of scalp electrodes in human sleep recordings, cortical EEG signals are inevitably intermingled with the electrical activity of the muscle tissue on the skull. Muscle artifacts are characterized by surges in high frequency activity and are readily identified because of their outlying high values relative to the local background activity. To detect bursts of myogenic activity a simple algorithm is introduced that compares high frequency activity (26.25-32.0 Hz) in each 4-s epoch with the activity level in a local 3-min window. A 4-s value was considered artifactual if it exceeded the local background activity by a certain factor. Sensitivity and specificity of the artifact detection algorithm were empirically adjusted by applying different factors as artifact thresholds. In an analysis of sleep EEG signals recorded from 25 healthy young adults 2.3% (SEM: 0.16) of all 4-s epochs during sleep were identified as artifacts when a threshold factor of four was applied. Contamination of the EEG by muscle activity was more frequent towards the end of non-REM sleep episodes when EEG slow wave activity declined. Within and across REM sleep episodes muscle artifacts were evenly distributed. When the EEG signal was cleared of muscle artifacts, the all-night EEG power spectrum showed significant reductions in power density for all frequencies from 0.25-32.0 Hz. Between 15 and 32 Hz, muscle artifacts made up a substantial part (20-70%) of all-night EEG power density. It is concluded that elimination of short-lasting muscle artifacts reduces the confound between cortical and myogenic activity and is important in interpreting quantitative EEG data. Quantitative approaches in defining and detecting transient events in the EEG signal may help to determine which EEG phenomena constitute clinically significant arousals.
Building Pathfinders with Free Screen Capture Tools

This article outlines freely available screen capturing tools, covering their benefits and drawbacks as well as their potential applications. In discussing these tools, the author illustrates how they can be used to build pathfinding tutorials for users and how these tutorials can be shared with users. The author notes that the availability of these screen capturing tools at no cost, coupled with their ease of use, provides ample opportunity for low-stakes experimentation from library staff in building dynamic pathfinders to promote the discovery of library resources.
Electrical Conductivity of HF‐H2O‐ Impregnated Na2O.3SiO2 Glass

Up to 5.75 WHO of concentrated (49 wt%) HF solution was placed in Nazo.3SiO2 glass under hydrothermal conditions. Electrical conductivity of the resulting glasses was primarily determined by the water content.
Inbred Crosses and Inherited Muscular Dystrophy of the Chicken

Inbred normal and genetically dystrophic chickens of New Hampshire and White Leghorn backgrounds, respectively, have been crossed to yield hybrids of normal and dystrophic genotypes in order to provide genetically homogeneous but heterozygous experimental animals. This study examined carcass and pectoral muscle weights, pectoral muscle fiber diameters, serum creatine kinase (CK) levels, muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase, and response to daily injections of corticosterone-21-acetate (C21A) of these hybrid chickens and their inbred parental lines. With the exception of pectoral muscle weight, dystrophic hybrids exhibited symptoms of dystrophy: high serum CK and high muscle AChE and low LDH levels. The results support the hypothesis that neither early muscle fiber hypertrophy nor atrophy is invariably associated with expression of the dystrophic gene; both are the result of secondary gene interactions. One experiment showed that muscle AChE levels decreased and LDH levels rose after C21A treatments.
Effects of Bubbles and Sea Spray on Air-Sea Exchange in Hurricane Conditions

The lower limit on the drag coefficient under hurricane force winds is determined by the break-up of the air–sea interface due to Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and formation of the two-phase transition layer consisting of sea spray and air bubbles. As a consequence, a regime of marginal stability develops. In this regime, the air–sea drag coefficient is determined by the turbulence characteristics of the two-phase transition layer. The upper limit on the drag coefficient is determined by the Charnock-type wave resistance. Most of the observational estimates of the drag coefficient obtained in hurricane conditions and in laboratory experiments appear to lie between the two extreme regimes: wave resistance and marginal stability.
Voltage Effects of Low and HIgh Current Arcing on Vacuum Interrupter Contacts

Experiments are described which indicate the effect upon pulse breakdown voltage of high current arcing between copper electrodes in vacuum. Our results indicate a moderate degradation of breakdown voltage occurs when the electrode surfaces have been arced at currents exceeding 5000 A peak. This change is probably associated with the melting and erosion of the contacts by the arc. The degradation at the arc anode and the arc cathode appear to be about equal for all currents up to 45 kA peak.
Development of behavioral sensitization to the cocaine-like fungicide triadimefon is prevented by AMPA, NMDa, DA D1 but not DA D2 receptor antagonists.

Triadimefon (TDF) is a triazole fungicide that blocks the re-uptake of dopamine (DA) and leads to increased locomotor activity levels in mice and rats, effects similar to those of indirect DA agonists such as cocaine. We recently found in mice that intermittent TDF administration led to robust locomotor sensitization, a phenomenon reflecting neuronal plasticity, following challenge with the same TDF dose after a 2-week withdrawal period. The current study sought to determine whether antagonists to DA D1-like receptors (SCH 23390; SCH), DA D2-like receptors (remoxipride; Rem), ionotropic glutamate n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (CPP), or ionotropic glutamate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (NBQX) could prevent the development of TDF behavioral sensitization, therefore indicating their mechanistic involvement in TDF sensitization. Mice were treated with either vehicle, SCH (0.015 mg/kg), remoxipride (Rem, 0.3 mg/kg), CPP (2.5 mg/kg) or NBQX (10.0 mg/kg), followed 30 min later by vehicle or 75 mg/kg TDF (TDF), twice a week for 7 weeks, with locomotor activity measured post-dosing once a week. After a 2-week withdrawal period, mice were challenged with 75 mg/kg TDF or vehicle, to test for the presence of behavioral sensitization. Pretreatment with SCH, CPP, or NBQX, but not Rem, blocked the development of behavioral sensitization to TDF specifically for vertical activity. Antagonists that blocked TDF vertical sensitization also attenuated the increase in extracellular DA turnover (homovanillic acid [HVA]/DA) normally associated with this behavioral response. Therefore, DA D1, NMDA and AMPA receptors appear to be necessary for the development of behavioral sensitization to TDF. As such, TDF may be considered an environmental risk factor for behavioral dysfunctions linked to glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems.
Political and Academic Linkages in Public Sector Policymaking

Decision making in the public sector encompasses many topics of interest to the academic researcher—environmental issues, health and human services, budget planning, and so on. Expertise in data collection and analysis is critical to the policy-making process and can be provided by academic researchers. But the "real world" policymaker and the "ivory tower" academician often have difficulty working together. Both parties have been reluctant to venture into each other's unique worlds. Conflicts in values, goals, and methods often unnecessarily inhibit the forging of strong work relationships. As a result, both parties may miss opportunities to establish relationships that can be mutually beneficial in providing sub- ject material for academic research and stronger public policy. This article discusses the reasons for this problem and suggests ways in which successful partnerships can be designed. D ecision making in the public sector can be a fascinating area of academic inquiry. The topics involved are inter- esting to discuss, challenging to examine, and relevant to a wide range of groups—public and private, academic and nonacademic, political and nonpolitical. Public policy is made, however, in a politically complex, but not always empirical, world. Public policy decision making may be ignored by the academic world or dis- sected and reviewed from the isolation and safety of the academic "ivory tower" rather than the political front line of the "real world." Subjects of public policy may be difficult to study objectively and difficult to quantify for empirical analysis. What can be easily quantified for academic study may be of little interest to the public policymaker. Such problems tend to discourage the academic researcher. The practical politician or bureaucrat, who is often looking for quick answers to complex social and political problems, may be equally frustrated with the academic approach to research, rejecting the assistance of academic researchers who possess both knowledge and skills that are important in developing
Sex-Related Acoustic Changes in Voiceless English Fricatives.

This investigation is a comprehensive acoustic study of 4 voiceless fricatives (/f θ s ∫/) in English produced by adults and pre- and postpubescent children aged 6–14 years. Vowel duration, amplitu...
Operational Amplifier Based Test Structure for Quantifying Transistor Threshold Voltage Variation

A new test structure has been developed, which is comprised of MOSFET arrays and an on-chip operational amplifier feedback loop for measuring threshold voltage variation. The test structure also includes an on-chip clock generator and address decoders to scan through the arrays. It can be used in an inline test environment to provide rapid assessment of Vt variation for technology development and chip manufacturing. Hardware results in a 65-nm technology are presented. The significance of the bias dependence of Vt variation is discussed for SRAM product designs.
Optical and Transport Characteristics of Quantum-Cascade Lasers With Optimized Second-Harmonic Generation

We present simulations of midinfrared quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) with optimized second-harmonic generation (SHG). The optimized design was obtained utilizing techniques from supersymmetric quantum mechanics with both material-dependent effective mass and band nonparabolicity. Carrier transport and power output of the structure are analyzed by self-consistently solving rate equations for the carriers and photons. Nonunity pumping efficiency from one period of the QCL to the next is taken into account by including all relevant electron-electron and electron-longitudinal (LO) phonon scattering mechanisms between the injector/collector and active regions. Two-photon absorption processes are analyzed for the resonant cascading triple levels designed for enhancing SHG. Both sequential and simultaneous two-photon absorptions are included in the rate-equation model. The current-output characteristics for both structures are analyzed and compared. Stronger resonant tunneling in the optimized structure is manifested by enhanced negative differential resistance. Current-dependent linear optical output power is derived based on the steady-state photon populations in the active region. The second-harmonic-power is derived from the Maxwell equations with the phase mismatch included. Due to stronger coupling between lasing levels, the optimized structure has both higher linear and nonlinear output powers. Phase mismatch effect is significant for both structures leading to a substantial reduction of the linear-to-nonlinear conversion efficiency. The optimized structure can be fabricated through digitally grading the submonolayer alloys by molecular beam epitaxy technique
SCHEDULING OF DEMAND-RESPONSIVE TRANSIT VEHICLES

This paper presents a vehicle dispatching procedure designed to minimize empty vehicle travel and idle time for a demand-responsive transportation system. The method schedules the empty vehicle assignment between passenger drop-off points and passenger pick-up points by examining the times of drop-offs and pick-ups, and the travel times and distance between them. The minimization of empty vehicle travel and idle time is accomplished through the use of a linear programming transportation problem in which supply and demand vectors contain both location and time elements. The service area is divided into zones and the operating hours into time periods; the vehicle movements (loaded and empty) are processed as the movements between zones, and between time periods. The outputs of the model include scheduling instructions for each vehicle (both loaded and empty trips), estimates of vehicle miles and time, fleet size requirements to satisfy the passenger trip requests, and the identification of passenger trips which cannot be met due to fleet size limitation.
Kinetic control of dissolved phosphate in natural rivers and estuaries: A primer on the phosphate buffer mechanism1

The primary mode of interaction of dissolved phosphate with fluvial inorganic suspended particles is via a reversible two-step sorption process. The first step, adsorption/desorption on surfaces, has fast kinetics (minutes-hours). The second step, solid-state diffusion of adsorbed phosphate from the surface into the interior of particles, has slow kinetics (days-months) and is dependent on the time history of the previous surface sorption and the chemistry of the solid diffusional layer. Natural clay particles with a surficial armoring of reactive iron and aluminum hydroxyoxides resulting from chemical weathering of rocks and soils have a high capacity for absorbing phosphate in the second step and for maintaining low “equilibrium phosphate concentrations” in solution. Extrapolation of laboratory sorption and extraction experiments with natural soils and suspended sediments to the environment suggests that the phosphate concentrations of unperturbed turbid rivers (SPM > 50 mg liter I) are controlled near the dynamic equilibrium phosphate concentration of their particles (EPC, = 0.2-l .5 PM) and that fluvial suspended particles “at equilibrium” contain up to 10 pmol-P g-l that is desorbable. Release of this phosphate from particles entering the sea produces the characteristic shape and magnitude of input profiles of dissolved phosphate observed in unperturbed estuaries. On a global scale, fluvial particulates could transport from 1.4 to 14 x 1O’O mol yr-I of reactive phosphate to the sea, some 2-5 times more than that in the dissolved load alone.
Quantitative analysis of arterial tissue with optical coherence tomography

Tissue morphology, light attenuation and texture are analyzed from images acquired by swept-source Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography from arterial samples. The data were corrected for the effect of the confocal point spread function and were analyzed using the single scattering model.
Latent regression analysis

Finite mixture models have come to play a very prominent role in modelling data. The finite mixture model is predicated on the assumption that distinct latent groups exist in the population. The finite mixture model therefore is based on a categorical latent variable that distinguishes the different groups. Often in practice distinct sub-populations do not actually exist. For example, disease severity (e.g. depression) may vary continuously and therefore, a distinction of diseased and not-diseased may not be based on the existence of distinct sub-populations. Thus, what is needed is a generalization of the finite mixture’s discrete latent predictor to a continuous latent predictor. We cast the finite mixture model as a regression model with a latent Bernoulli predictor. A latent regression model is proposed by replacing the discrete Bernoulli predictor by a continuous latent predictor with a beta distribution. Motivation for the latent regression model arises from applications where distinct latent classes do not exist, but instead individuals vary according to a continuous latent variable. The shapes of the beta density are very flexible and can approximate the discrete Bernoulli distribution. Examples and a simulation are provided to illustrate the latent regression model. In particular, the latent regression model is used to model placebo effect among drug treated subjects in a depression study.
Integrating Positive Psychology Into Counseling Psychology Doctoral Education

Strategies for integrating positive psychology theory and practice into the existing counseling psychology training program model within the framework of the Counseling Psychology Core are proposed. The three main clusters (i.e., Foundational, Functional, Organizational) and subcategories of the Counseling Psychology Core Competencies provide the framework for integrating positive psychology approaches into doctoral education. Integrating positive psychology and counseling psychology increases counseling psychologists’ familiarity with positive psychology treatment approaches, and maximizes counseling psychologists’ ability to promote empirically based positive psychology interventions designed to assist individuals, communities, and organizations in achieving positive life outcomes.
Bulk uniformity of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) crystals for large volume coplanar gamma spectrometers

Gamma ray spectroscopy for remote sensing applications requires a high sensitivity that can be achieved by a combination of high efficiency and high energy resolution for high energy gamma rays (up to 1 MeV) . While cryogenic germanium detectors or LaBr3:Ce3+ scintillators could in principle satisfy the requirements of many such applications, the search for compact, portable systems that do not require cooling or the use of photomultiplier tubes are still underway. State-of-the-art CdZnTe spectrometers having an energy resolution exceeding 1% have been recently demonstrated, however they have a typical volume that is less than 1 cm3. Large volume (greater than 3 cm3) CdZnTe spectrometers with an energy resolution that is better than 3% are not yet commercially available, although the size of large single crystals that would satisfy the volume requirement can now be grown by various companies with reasonable yield. In this study we have investigated the feasibility of using commercially available large (1-6 cm3) detector grade CdZnTe single crystals to fabricate co-planar gamma spectrometers with a targeted performance that exceeds 3% energy resolution at 662 keV. The fabrication of optimal performance coplanar detectors requires a custom design that might vary for each crystal growth method. Besides the knowledge of the average values of charge carrier concentrations, mobilities and trapping times the physics-based model requires the knowledge of bulk nonuniformities and their effects on local variations in the electric field and electron mobility-trapping-time product. All crystals investigated had tellurium, as second phase. A new type of material inhomogeneity, and its influence on detector's performance, became apparent only in large volume crystals and will be reported.
MR Imaging Evaluation of Acute Appendicitis in Pregnancy

Purpose: To retrospectively assess the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in pregnant patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the committee on clinical investigations and was HIPAA compliant. The informed consent requirement was waived. MR images were obtained in 51 consecutive pregnant patients (mean age, 28.3 years) who were clinically suspected of having acute appendicitis. In this protocol for pregnant patients, MR imaging is performed when findings at ultrasonography (US) are inconclusive or additional information is needed. Four patients had appendicitis, which was confirmed at surgery in three patients and at follow-up computed tomography in one patient. Initial interpretations were used for patient care and to calculate diagnostic accuracy. The appendix was considered normal at MR imaging if its diameter was less than or equal to 6 mm or if it was filled with air, oral contrast material, or both. An enlarged fluid-fil...
Antigen presentation and the T-cell response

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize pathogen or tumor antigens as short peptides presented in the groove of MHC class I molecules. The peptides result from proteolysis in the cytoplasm and they load on class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum. This route of antigen presentation was therefore referred to as "the endogenous pathway." It was a surprise to discover that antigen from outside the presenting cells could stimulate the response of CTL, i.e. exogenous antigens could be presented by class I molecules to CTL. Evidence that first reported this will be presented as well as information on which professional antigen presenting cell is most likely to be involved in taking exogenous antigen from tumor cells for stimulation of CTL. This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity , a [Cancer Research Institute][1] journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research . [1]: http://cancerresearch.org/
Biomass Production in Switchgrass across the United States: Database Description and Determinants of Yield

Fundamental to deriving a sustainable supply of cellulosic feedstock for an emerging biofuels industry is understanding how biomass yield varies as a function of crop management, climate, and soils. Here we focus on the perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and compile a database that contains 1190 observations of yield from 39 field trials conducted across the United States. Data include site location, stand age, plot size, cultivar, crop management, biomass yield, temperature, precipitation, and information on land quality. Statistical analysis revealed the major sources of variation in yield. Frequency distributions of yield for upland and lowland ecotypes were unimodal, with mean ({+-}SD) biomass yields of 8.7 {+-} 4.2 and 12.9 {+-} 5.9 Mg ha-1 for the two ecotypes, respectively. We looked for, but did not find, bias toward higher yields associated with small plots or preferential establishment of stands on high quality lands. A parametric yield model was fit to the data and accounted for one-third of the total observed variation in biomass yields, with an equal contribution of growing season precipitation, annual temperature, N fertilization, and ecotype. The model was used to predict yield across the continental United States. Mapped output was consistent with the natural range of switchgrass more » and, as expected, yields were shown to be limited by precipitation west of the Great Plains. Future studies should extend the geographic distribution of field trials and thus improve our understanding of biomass production as a function of soil, climate, and crop management for promising biofuels such as switchgrass. « less
Influences of dietary soy isoflavones on metabolism but not nociception and stress hormone responses in ovariectomized female rats

Background: Isoflavones, the most abundant phytoestrogens in soy foods, are structurally similar to 17beta-estradiol. Few studies have examined the nociception and stress hormone responses after consumption of soy isoflavones. Methods: In this study, ovariectomized (OVX) female Long-Evans rats were fed either an isoflavone-rich diet (Phyto-600) or an isoflavone-free diet (Phyto-free). We examined the effects of soy isoflavones on metabolism by measuring body weights, food/water intake, adipose tissue weights as well as serum leptin levels. Also, circulating isoflavone levels were quantified. During chemically induced estrous, nociceptive thresholds were recorded. Then, the animals were subjected to a stressor and stress hormone levels were quantified. Results: Body weights were significantly lower in Phyto-600 fed rats compared to Phyto-free values within one week and during long-term consumption of soy isoflavones. Correspondingly, Phyto-600 fed animals displayed significantly less adipose deposition and lower serum leptin levels than Phyto-free values. However, rats on the Phyto-600 diet displayed greater food/water intake compared to Phyto-free levels. No changes in thermal pain threshold or stress hormone levels (ACTH and corticosterone) were observed after activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis. Conclusion: In summary, these data show that consumption of soy isoflavones 1) increases metabolism, demonstrated by significantly decreased body weights, adipose tissue deposition and leptin levels, but 2) does not alter nociception or stress hormone responses, as indexed by thermal pain threshold, serum corticosterone and ACTH levels in chemically-induced estrous OVX rats.
A reputation system for wireless mesh networks using network coding

Using network coding, wireless mesh networks can significantly improve their performance. However, since many wireless mesh networks have user contributed devices as their nodes, to guarantee the cooperation of such selfish nodes is a highly challenging problem. In this paper, we study how to stimulate selfish nodes to cooperate in wireless mesh networks using network coding. We propose a simple, practical reputation system that rewards cooperative behavior in routing and packet forwarding and penalizes non-cooperative behavior. Simulation results verify that our reputation system is very efficient and that it effectively stimulates cooperation.
Molecular Simulations of Knudsen Wall-slip: Effect of Wall Morphology

This work involves a molecular simulation study of the phenomena of wall slip occurring in rarefied gases flowing through micro- and nano-channels. A simulation strategy that mimics a scattering experiment is developed in order to compute the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (f) which governs the degree of slip at the wall surface. Noninteracting gas molecules are bombarded at an atomic wall composed of rigid atoms with suitably distributed velocities and a tangential drift velocity that simulates flow. The accommodation coefficient is computed from the loss in the tangential momentum of these molecules. The accommodation coefficient is observed to be strongly dependent on the physical roughness of the wall, as characterized by the parameter sgr wg/L, and the attractiveness of the wall to the fluid, as characterized by the parameter e wg/k B T, where sgr wg and e wg are the Lennard–Jones interaction parameters of the wall and gas atoms while L is the lattice unit length. The accommodation coe...
On the copolymerization of epichlorohydrin and glycidol

The boron trifluoride-catalyzed cationic copolymerization of epichlorohydrin and glycidol is examined in some detail, with reference to the effect of various reaction variables such as temperature, water content, and stirring rate on the polymerization process and the copolymer product. The reaction temperature does not have a strong effect on the molecular weight of the copolymer, but the water content of the reaction mixture is inversely related to the molecular weight. The stirring rate strongly affects the exotherm associated with the initial stages of the reaction: improved stirring diminishes the exotherm. Based on the relative rates of monomer consumption and other observations, a reaction mechanism is proposed for the formation of the copolymer, in which glycidol polymerizes via what is known as the activated monomer (AM) mechanism rather than by the standard cationic ring-opening polymerization mechanism. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 1897–1904, 1997
Structural Optimization for Crash Pulse

In vehicle safety engineering, it is important to determine the severity of occupant injury during a crash. Computer simulations are widely used to study how occupants move in a crash, what they collide during the crash and thus how they are injured. The vehicle motion is typically defined for the occupant simulation by specifying a crash pulse. Many computer models used to analyze occupant kinematics do not calculate both vehicle motion and occupant motion at the same time. This paper presents a framework of response surface methodology for the crash pulse prediction and vehicle structure design optimization. The process is composed of running simulation at DOE sampling data points, generating surrogate models (response surface models), performing sensitivity analysis and structure design optimization for time history data (e.g., crash pulse). Within this framework, the engineer can perform DOE sampling, surrogate modeling, main effect plot within any time interval, and design optimization. Some recent applications are presented to demonstrate how these approaches are employed for a vehicle structure design.
Katherine Hallemeier. J. M. Coetzee and the Limits of Cosmopolitanism

Katherine Hallemeier.J. M. Coetzee and the Limits of Cosmopolitanism. New York: Palgrave, 2013. Pp. 201. US$90. Well-known for his preoccupation with ethical questions about responsibility to and interaction with others, J. M. Coetzee offers one of the most intriguing archives for critics of cosmopolitanism to consider. Katherine Hallemeier's J. M. Coetzee and the Limits of Cosmopolitanism, focused on his recent fiction (beginning with 2007's Boyhood), provides a thorough examination of Coetzee's engagement with a variety of forms of cosmopolitanism. Hallemeier offers a persuasive argument for reading Coetzee's later fiction as interventions into contemporary debates about the nature of cosmopolitanism and, particularly, its ethical implications. The book begins by outlining two ways of categorizing current theorizations of cosmopolitanism and their links to sympathy: "rational cosmopolitanism" and "affective cosmopolitanism." The first posits "that sympathy supplements reason" while the second "imagines that sympathy is extrarational" (16). Both are "similar insofar as they envision a perfect human sympathy that is never interrupted by the shame of misunderstanding or inequality" (17). In her examination of cosmopolitanism and its enactment in Coetzees fiction, Hallemeier notes that Coetzee critiques these models through a suggestion that paranoia can undergird the privileging of rationality while an emphasis on the affective can uncritically reinforce gender stereotypes. Hallemeier goes on to identify another strand of cosmopolitan thinking in which shame might offer a useful interruption of "this vision of sympathy [as] dramatically utopian" by "envision [ing] a cosmopolitanism that admits to the possibility of experiencing the self-as-other" (97-98). Yet as Hallemeier illustrates through Coetzee's exploration of the "limited cosmopolitan potential of shame" (100), shame is not without its similarly utopian aspirations for emotion and its ethical potential. This analysis of the role of sympathy and shame in current cosmopolitan theory (roughly the first three quarters of the book) offers a thorough overview of the field and its variety of approaches to both affect and universality. For those who are new to this body of theory or those who would appreciate an outline of many of the key approaches to cosmopolitanism, this part of the book will prove very helpful. At the same time, Hallemeier demonstrates how fiction might provide a useful additional voice in the critical debates surrounding the forms cosmopolitan practice might take, "experiment[ing] with the possibility that thinking through an idea across different genres enables conversations that are incommensurable [approached differently but with shared priorities] yet complementary" (16). …
Computer Science Summer Camps: Making Summer Programs Fun and Sustainable (Abstract Only)

Higher education has the opportunity (and often the mandate) to provide STEM outreach to their communities. Summer camp programs are one mechanism for providing quality CS learning experiences to a wide audience. This BOF will provide a platform for discussing strategies to make summer camps fun and sustainable. What are camp topics have been successful? How is funding obtained and sustained? Nationally, technology camps run the gamut from small, one-week programs to large camps that serve hundreds. The proposer will share his experience developing the University of Utah GREAT camps (www.cs.utah.edu/~dejohnso/GREAT), which have over 700 students attend one-week camps and hopes the BOF will attract others with their own experiences.
Why Plantinga Fails to Reconcile Divine Foreknowledge and Libertarian Free Will

In this paper I argue that Plantinga fails to reconcile libertarian free will with divine foreknowledge in his 1986 essay On Ockham’s Way Out. Plantinga focuses on responding to an argument that they cannot be reconciled made by Jonathan Edwards in his 1754 book Freedom of the Will. I argue that Plantinga’s objections to Edwards can be interpreted as either an appeal to backwards causation or as misreading Edwards’ metaphysical argument as an epistemic argument. Either way Plantinga’s objections to Edwards can be met by combining Edwards’ argument with Peter VanInwagen’s Consequence Argument. This combination makes it clearer why Plantinga’s response does not refute Edwards’ argument. I conclude that Edwards’ argument still stands and that Plantinga has failed to reconcile libertarian free will with divine foreknowledge.
Contact lens disinfection to prevent transmission of viral disease.

Current FDA standards for contact lens disinfecting systems require that viricidal activity be demonstrated against just one strain of herpes simplex virus, type 1. Small and nonenveloped viruses (e.g., adenoviruses) may be more resistant to disinfection than herpes simplex virus (HSV); however, the efficacy of disinfection systems against these other agents is not routinely tested. Currently approved methods of chemical and thermal lens disinfection do appear to be efficient means to inactivate HSV and the human immunodeficiency virus, both of which have lipid envelopes.
Stroke and Cerebral Infarcts in HIV Infection

Four out of 380 HIV-infected children followed in a 10 year period at the Hopital Bicetre, France, had acute hemiparesis and stroke with MRI and CT evidence of cerebral infarcts.
The Perceived Threat and Resolvability of Serial Arguments as Correlates of Relational Uncertainty in Romantic Relationships

This study explored the degree to which the perceived threat and resolvability of a serial argument are associated with relational uncertainty in a romantic relationship (i.e., self, partner, and relationship uncertainty). Participants included 147 individuals who were currently in a romantic relationship. Results revealed positive associations between argument frequency and relationship uncertainty, the perceived threat of the argument to the relationship and all three forms of relational uncertainty, and inverse associations between the perceived resolvability of the issue and all three forms of relational uncertainty. Interaction effects emerged for perceived threat by perceived resolvability for self and partner uncertainty, such that the resolvability of the issue diminished the strength of the positive association between the perceived threat of the argument and self and partner uncertainty.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MARINE BRUCELLA FROM A SOUTHERN SEA OTTER (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS), CALIFORNIA, USA

Abstract We characterize Brucella infection in a wild southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) with osteolytic lesions similar to those reported in other marine mammals and humans. This otter stranded twice along the central California coast, US over a 1-yr period and was handled extensively at two wildlife rehabilitation facilities, undergoing multiple surgeries and months of postsurgical care. Ultimately the otter was euthanized due to severe, progressive neurologic disease. Necropsy and postmortem radiographs revealed chronic, severe osteoarthritis spanning the proximal interphalangeal joint of the left hind fifth digit. Numerous coccobacilli within the joint were strongly positive on Brucella immunohistochemical labelling, and Brucella sp. was isolated in pure culture from this lesion. Sparse Brucella-immunopositive bacteria were also observed in the cytoplasm of a pulmonary vascular monocyte, and multifocal granulomas were observed in the spinal cord and liver on histopathology. Findings from bioch...
Setting a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction in California

Purpose Despite the existence of minimum age laws for juvenile justice jurisdiction in 18 US states, California has no explicit law that protects children (i.e. youth less than 12 years old) from being processed in the juvenile justice system. In the absence of a minimum age law, California lags behind other states and international practice and standards. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this policy brief, academics across the University of California campuses examine current evidence, theory, and policy related to the minimum age of juvenile justice jurisdiction. Findings Existing evidence suggests that children lack the cognitive maturity to comprehend or benefit from formal juvenile justice processing, and diverting children from the system altogether is likely to be more beneficial for the child and for public safety. Research limitations/implications Based on current evidence and theory, the authors argue that minimum age legislation that protects children from contact with the juvenile justice system and treats them as children in need of services and support, rather than as delinquents or criminals, is an important policy goal for California and for other national and international jurisdictions lacking a minimum age law. Originality/value California has no law specifying a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction, meaning that young children of any age can be processed in the juvenile justice system. This policy brief provides a rationale for a minimum age law in California and other states and jurisdictions without one.
Ultrafast non-paraxial abruptly autofocusing pulses for high-gradient electron acceleration

We present ultrafast non-paraxial autofocusing pulses that exhibit abrupt, ultra-intense focusing in both space and time. We demonstrate their ability to linearly accelerate electrons with effective gradients exceeding 300 GeV/m, and explore different operation regimes.
Some Philosophical Concerns about the Confidence in ‘Confident Learning’

A learner is engaged in “confident learning” when we are guaranteed that the hypotheses put out by the learner will converge in the limit. Whence the word “confidence”? We are confident that the learner will eventually learn. The question raised in the paper is: what does the learner really learn? Friend applies the Putnam permutation argument to the scenario of confident learning to undermine our confidence.
Diagnoses of Cardiovascular Disease or Substance Addiction/Abuse in US Adults Treated for ADHD with Stimulants or Atomoxetine: Is Use Consistent with Product Labeling?

Among US adults, utilization of pharmacotherapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has increased more than ninefold since 1995–1996. Potential contraindications to ADHD pharmacotherapy include serious cardiovascular disease (CVD) and, for stimulants, addictions and bipolar disorder (BPD). To assess the prevalence of potential contraindications among adults treated with ADHD pharmacotherapy. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using the Truven Health MarketScan® database. Subjects filled ≥ 1 prescription for atomoxetine or ≥ 1 stimulant in 2014–2015, were aged 18–64 years, commercially insured throughout observation, and diagnosed with ADHD on two or more medical claims. Diagnoses and medical procedures were measured in the 12 months prior to pharmacotherapy initiation. Metrics included serious CVD (cardiomegaly, cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular occlusion, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, pacemaker, or valvular disorder) and any CVD (serious CVD, other atherosclerotic CVD, arrhythmia, congenital heart anomaly, or hypertensive heart disease). Rates of substance addiction or abuse were measured in a range to address nonspecific diagnostic coding. Only 2.0% of treated adults (n = 91,588) had one or more diagnosis indicating serious CVD. CVD prevalence increased monotonically with age. Of patients aged 55–64 years (n = 5,237), 7.2% had serious CVD; 15.9% had any CVD; and 1.9% had been hospitalized with one or more CVD. Of patients treated with stimulants (n = 87,167), 11.3–18.5% were diagnosed with addiction/abuse and 4.1% with BPD. CVD prevalence is generally low among adults using ADHD medication but increases with age. Although difficult to estimate precisely, the rate of addiction/abuse among stimulant-treated patients appears unexpectedly high. Further research should assess cardiovascular events and other potential harms associated with contraindicated use in high-risk adults.
Effect of lanthanum and chlorine doping on strontium titanates for the electrocatalytically-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

Abstract Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes is an important catalytic reaction that can be used to convert less valuable alkanes, such as ethane, to more valuable olefins, such as ethylene. However, further oxidation of olefins to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide limits the selectivity of the process. Oxide ion-conducting electrolyte reactors allow for controlling oxygen availability to the reaction and thus, improve the selectivity for olefin formation. In this study, strontium titanate-type perovskites were tested as anode catalysts for electro ODH reaction. Cl-incorporated, La-doped strontium titanates were synthesized via a modified Pechini route. The effect of lanthanum doping and chlorine incorporation on these catalysts was investigated. The characteristics of the catalysts were examined using ambient and in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) using CO2, laser Raman spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. In addition, impedance measurements were also taken to better understand the cell characteristics and resistances. Electrocatalytically-assisted ODH tests on the cell with La0.2Sr0.8TiO3±dClσ anode showed that ethane conversion and ethylene production rates increase with increasing current. It was also observed that La doping increases the electrical conductivity and ethane conversion, while Cl doping increases both ethane conversion and ethylene selectivity.
Factors Affecting Motor Replacement

Prior to about 1940 there was little concentrated effort made to standardize motors as to their physical dimensions. This meant that mountings for a motor made by one manufacturer would not fit another motor of the same type, size and speed made by another manufacturer, or, for that matter, by the same manufacturer. Realizing these conditions caused much confusion and inconvenience when it was necessary to replace a motor or even in their use in production line assembly, the NEMA ultimately evolved a standardized list of specifications for motor dimensions. The majority of the American motor manufacturers eventually conformed to these specifications.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME