cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The SHL1 and SHL5 genes influence both red- and blue-light-based phototropism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract The major groups of photoreceptors in flowering plants include the phytochromes (for red, far-red), cryptochromes (blue), and phototropins (blue). While considerable progress has been made in understanding the photobiology of light sensing, relatively little is known about the events downstream to perception. The shl (seedlings hyper-responsive to light) mutants exhibit an inhibition in hypocotyl length even under low fluence rates, and several of the genes implicated by the shl mutants are hypothesized to be negative regulators of photomorphogenesis. In this report, we performed detailed phenotypic analyses of the tropistic responses of seedlings of shl1 and shl5 and compared these responses to those of wild-type seedlings. Roots of both mutants have an enhanced positive phototropic response to red light, and hypocotyls of shl5 have an enhanced positive phototropism relative to blue light. However, roots of shl1 and shl5 seedlings exhibit a diminished negative blue-light phototropism. In addition, both shl mutants show a greater alteration in phototropism compared to changes in gravitropism and in growth rates of roots and hypocotyls. Our results support the hypothesis that the SHL genes may act at the juncture of red and blue-light signaling networks.
Stability of Proteins in Ultrafiltered, Low-Lactose Milk Concentrate During Frozen Storage

Cascin in concentrated milk (3×) destabilizes after 1–3 wk at –8°C. USC of an ultrafiltration (UF) process to partially remove lactose from milk, followed by replacement of all or part of the removed lactose with corn syrup, glucose or sucrose can greatly extend protein stability. Protein stability improves as the amount of nonlactose carbohydrate is increased and the amount of lactose is decreased. Although nutritionally significant amounts of minerals and vitamins arc removed by this process, they can be easily replaced. Samples of skim and whole milk from which 68–72% of the lactose is removed by UI: and replaced on an equal weight basis with corn syrup are stable for more than 34 wk at –8°C.
Using habit reversal to treat chronic vocal tic disorder in children

In the present study, a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of simplified habit reversal in three children diagnosed with chronic vocal tic disorder. In two children, vocal tics were substantially reduced. In a third child, tics were not reduced, and the addition of a supplemental contingency management program was ineffective. Despite these mixed results, the treatment was viewed as acceptable to the children's parents in all cases as measured by a standard index of treatment acceptability. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supervisory control of families of linear set-point controllers - Part I. Exact matching

This paper describes a simple "high-level" controller called a "supervisor" which is capable of switching into feedback with a SISO process, a sequence of linear positioning or set-point controllers from a family of candidate controllers so as to cause the output of the process to approach and track a constant reference input. The process is assumed to be modeled by a SISO linear system whose transfer function is in the union of a number of subclasses, each subclass being small enough so that one of the candidate controllers would solve the positioning problem if the transfer function of the process were to be one of the subclasses' members. Each subclass contains a "nominal process model transfer function" about which the subclass is centred. It is shown that in the absence of unmodeled process dynamics, the proposed supervisor can successfully perform its function even if process disturbances are present, provided they are bounded and constant.
Globalization and Growth in Emerging Markets and the New Economy

Not long ago, everyone was talking about the New Economy. Recent events — notably the global economic slowdown and a possible impending war — have crowded out discussions of the New Economy. To be sure, some of the rosy scenarios portrayed at the time — most notably, that the New Economy portended the end of the business cycle — seem curiously dated. Indeed, in terms of the gap between the economies potential and its actual performance, the current downturn is not only serious, it is prolonged. The current downturn is being widely described as the first global downturn of the new era of globalization, with Europe, Japan, and the US all in slumps, and with truly serious ramifications for many of the emerging markets of the world. A few countries, including China, India, Korea, and Vietnam have been spared, and, as I shall comment later, this is no accident. But even as the global slowdown has set in, productivity growth, especially in the US, has remained robust, a two edged sword: with the economy’s output limited by aggregate demand, it has meant that unemployment has increased faster than it might otherwise. Even in its hey-day, the New Economy raised a question: if the New Economy meant an increased pace of growth in the developed world, if the developing countries could not take advantage of the New Economy, then there would be increasing disparities in income. Rather than the convergence that was predicted
Getting Behind the Scenes of Fleetwood Mac’s Rumours: Using a Documentary on the Making of a Music Album to Learn About Task Groups

The authors present an efficient and easy-to-implement experiential exercise that reinforces for students key concepts about task groups (i.e., group cohesiveness, conflict within groups, group eff...
Depression and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

For over two decades clinical studies have been conducted which suggest the existence of a relationship between depression and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Recently, Ohayon underscored the evidence for a link between these two disorders in the general population, showing that 800 out of 100,000 individuals had both, a breathing-related sleep disorder and a major depressive disorder, with up to 20% of the subjects presenting with one of these disorders also having the other. In some populations, depending on age, gender and other demographic and health characteristics, the prevalence of both disorders may be even higher: OSA may affect more than 50% of individuals over the age of 65, and significant depressive symptoms may be present in as many as 26% of a community-dwelling population of older adults. In clinical practice, the presence of depressive symptomatology is often considered in patients with OSA, and may be accounted for and followed-up when considering treatment approaches and response to treatment. On the other hand, sleep problems and specifically OSA are rarely assessed on a regular basis in patients with a depressive disorder. However, OSA might not only be associated with a depressive syndrome, but its presence may also be responsible for failure to respond to appropriate pharmacological treatment. Furthermore, an undiagnosed OSA might be exacerbated by adjunct treatments to antidepressant medications, such as benzodiazepines. Increased awareness of the relationship between depression and OSA might significantly improve diagnostic accuracy as well as treatment outcome for both disorders. In this review, we will summarize important findings in the current literature regarding the association between depression and OSA, and the possible mechanisms by which both disorders interact. Implications for clinical practice will be discussed.
Energy Planning for Progressive Estimation in Multihop Sensor Networks

Multihop sensor networks where transmissions are conducted between neighboring sensors can be more efficient in energy and spectrum than single-hop sensor networks where transmissions are conducted directly between each sensor and a fusion center. With the knowledge of a routing tree from all sensors to a destination node, we present a digital transmission energy planning algorithm as well as an analog transmission energy planning algorithm for progressive estimation in multihop sensor networks. Unlike many iterative consensus-type algorithms, the proposed progressive estimation algorithms along with their transmission energy planning further reduce the network transmission energy while guaranteeing any pre-specified estimation performance at the destination node within a finite time. We also show that digital transmission is more efficient in transmission energy than analog transmission if the available transmission time-bandwidth product for each link and each observation sample is not too limited.
Biomechanical comparison of two different periarticular plating systems for stabilization of complex distal humerus fractures

Abstract Background Complex intra-articular distal humerus fractures are relatively uncommon injuries but are fraught with poor outcomes such as malunion, elbow stiffness and deformity. Various types of internal fixation screw-plate constructs have been developed to improve fixation. Specifically, a 90° offset periarticular system lowers the profile on the lateral epicondyle, yet it is unclear how this design compares to other plate constructs. This study compared the mechanical stiffness and plate surface strains between two types of constructs for stabilization of complex distal humerus fractures. Methods Identical bi-columnar segmental intra-articular fractures were created in ten epoxy composite left humeri. Models were randomly assigned to two groups ( n = 5/group) with either parallel plates or perpendicular plates. Rosette strain gages were placed at the most distal possible space on the lateral plate for both constructs. Models were mechanically tested with estimates of physiologic loads in flexion, extension, varus, valgus axial compression and axial torsion. Data for mechanical stiffness, transverse plate strain and longitudinal plate strain were compared with a one-way ANOVA ( P Findings There was no statistical difference in stiffness in any direction. The longitudinal strain for the 90° construct was significantly lower in axial compression. The 180° system demonstrated significantly lower transverse strains during axial torsion. Interpretation Both systems demonstrated similar mechanical stiffness theoretically providing similar fracture stabilization. Plate strain differences may affect fragment position, but it is unclear how much plate loading occurs in vivo. Surgeon experience and preference may dictate the choice of a plate construct for this fracture configuration.
Science for the "haves".

For centuries, the wisdom of the West of investing in basic science and technology led to its dominance in world politics and economics. Today, this wisdom is being put aside: fundamental research is losing its appeal to funding agencies and as a professional asset for job hunters. This state of affairs could exacerbate a dearth of innovations and lead to a transition of the “haves” into the “have-nots” of the world population. (Engraving: “Early Depiction of a Dutch Telescope” by Adriaen van de Venne, 1624).
Potential of artificial neural networks in power system operation

The potential applicability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to electric power systems, with an emphasis on aiding dispatchers with decision-making (particularly with decisions relating to power system security), is discussed. Examples illustrate how ANNs can alert dispatchers to security threats due to possible constraint violations, unstable dynamics, and uncertain loads. The problems that must be overcome before an ANN dispatcher's aid is realizable are reviewed. >
SQL Queries Over Unstructured Text Databases

Text documents often embed data that is structured in nature. By processing a text database with information extraction systems, we can define a variety of structured "relations" over which we can then issue SQL queries. Processing SQL queries in this text-based scenario presents multiple challenges. One key challenge is efficiency: information extraction is a time-consuming process, so query processing strategies should pick efficient extraction systems whenever possible, and also minimize the number of documents that they process. Another key challenge is result quality: extraction systems might output erroneous information or miss information that they should capture; also, efficiency-related query processing decisions (e.g., to avoid processing large numbers of useless documents) may compromise result completeness. To address these challenges, we characterize SQL query processing strategies in terms of their efficiency and result quality, and discuss the (user-specific) tradeoff between these two properties.
Characterization of an Acetyl Xylan Esterase from the Anaerobic Fungus Orpinomyces sp. Strain PC-2

A 1,067-bp cDNA, designated axeA, coding for an acetyl xylan esterase (AxeA) was cloned from the anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2. The gene had an open reading frame of 939 bp encoding a polypeptide of 313 amino acid residues with a calculated mass of 34,845 Da. An active esterase using the original start codon of the cDNA was synthesized in Escherichia coli. Two active forms of the esterase were purified from recombinant E. coli cultures. The size difference of 8 amino acids was a result of cleavages at two different sites within the signal peptide. The enzyme released acetate from several acetylated substrates, including acetylated xylan. The activity toward acetylated xylan was tripled in the presence of recombinant xylanase A from the same fungus. Using p-nitrophenyl acetate as a substrate, the enzyme had a Km of 0.9 mM and a Vmax of 785 μmol min−1 mg−1. It had temperature and pH optima of 30°C and 9.0, respectively. AxeA had 56% amino acid identity with BnaA, an acetyl xylan esterase of Neocallimastix patriciarum, but the Orpinomyces AxeA was devoid of a noncatalytic repeated peptide domain (NCRPD) found at the carboxy terminus of the Neocallimastix BnaA. The NCRPD found in many glycosyl hydrolases and esterases of anaerobic fungi has been postulated to function as a docking domain for cellulase-hemicellulase complexes, similar to the dockerin of the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum. The difference in domain structures indicated that the two highly similar esterases of Orpinomyces and Neocallimastix may be differently located, the former being a free enzyme and the latter being a component of a cellulase-hemicellulase complex. Sequence data indicate that AxeA and BnaA might represent a new family of hydrolases.
Emotional refuge? Dynamics of place and belonging among formerly homeless individuals with mental illness

This study investigated the emotional and spatial dynamics of belonging among formerly homeless individuals with mental illness living in independent supportive housing in New York City. The notion of belonging connects with a renewed interest in understanding how to achieve integration of this population in their communities and broader society (Ware et al., 2007; Wong and Solomon, 2002). Eighteen in-depth interviews demonstrate that experiences of belonging were subject to multiple social and spatial constraints. These included stigmas about mental illness; neighborhood amenities, crime and drug activity; and connections to networks and places beyond the neighborhood of residence. Participants often described feelings of disconnection and alienation in their own neighborhoods, but also experienced deep connections to other communities, accompanied by emotions of comfort, care, and attachment. Drawing on these findings and interdisciplinary literature on belonging, emotion, space and mobility this paper develops the concepts of non-belonging, belonging from afar, and non-normative belonging. These concepts suggest that research into community integration should better attend to the bonds of attachment to other networks and places that individuals with mental illness may carry into new residential settings, and the autonomy they bring to navigating the process of integration.
Ultrasound tissue displacement imaging with application to breast cancer

A method for quantitative imaging of internal tissue motion based on speckle tracking is described. Tissue displacement images from eight patients with sonographically apparent breast masses are used to illustrate the technique. The local displacement response of tissues surrounding malignant and benign breast masses is compared, testing the hypothesis that altered mechanical properties may result in motion signatures for many soft tissue tumors relative to their host tissue. In addition, the potential or anticipated influence of various biological and physical factors on tissue motion response is discussed.
Waveform-based AVO inversion and AVO prediction-error

A practical approach to linear prestack seismic inversion in the context of a locally 1-D earth is employed to use amplitude variation with offset (AVO) information for the direct detection in hydrocarbons. The inversion is based on the three‐term linearized approximation to the Zoeppritz equations. The normal‐incidence compressional‐wave reflection coefficient R0 models the background reflectivity in the absence of hydrocarbons and incorporates the mudrock curve and Gardner’s equation. Prediction‐error parameters, ΔRsh and ΔRρ, represent perturbations in the normal‐incidence shear‐wave reflection coefficient and the density contribution to the normal incidence reflectivity, respectively, from that predicted by the mudrock curve and Gardner’s equation. This prediction‐error approach can detect hydrocarbons in the absence of an overall increase in AVO, and in the absence of bright spots, as expected in theory. Linear inversion is applied to a portion of a young, Tertiary, shallow‐marine data set that conta...
Spatial audio technology for Telepresence

A key requirement to enhance the usability of a range of telepresence applications is the exploitation of all the sensory modalities, thus maximizing naturalness. Spatial audio has a vital role to play in enhancing speech communication performance and naturalness in synthetic spaces by giving directionality to individual sound sources and providing feedback about the virtual space in which the user is located. When groups of people meet in synthetic spaces either for business or recreation it is possible to provide services and features which are not available in a face-to-face meeting. In particular, interaction with intelligent agents, manipulation of virtual 3-D objects, data sharing, and automatic note taking may all seem quite natural in the enhanced meeting spaces of the future.
U.S. Dollar Asymmetry And Exchange Rate Volatility

he paper explores the stochastic behavior of six exchange rates three EMS and three non-EMS during the U.S. dollar appreciation (before 1985) and depreciation (after 1985) using Exponential GARCH-M model. The results showed that high volatility in all rates was present before 1985, increased dramatically thereafter, and decreased later for the non-EMS rates. In general, U.S. dollar depreciations increased the volatility more than appreciations did for the French franc, the Italian lira, and the German mark.
Family Firms and Negative Social Capital: A Property Rights Theory Approach

Unlike non-family firms, family firms are highly affected by the dynamics of the family. Furthermore, there are differences between minority family firms and non-minority family firms. These differences between the operational performance of non-minority family firms and minority family firms’ exist due to the family’s tendency to behave collectivistic versus individualistic when extending property rights. Hence, utilizing the property rights theory, this article explains how differences in size, longevity, and financial wealth between non-minority family firms and minority family firms may be better understood by examining the family culture.
A comparison of windows physical memory acquisition tools

Memory forensics analysis is an important area of digital forensics especially in incident response, malware analysis and behavior analysis (of application and system software) in physical memory. Traditional digital forensics, such as investigating non-volatile storage, cannot be used to establish the current state of the system (including network connections) or for analysis of malwares that use evasion techniques like encryption. Accurate activities of a program can only be analyzed when it is loaded in memory for execution, for which volatile memory forensics analysis is used. The success of memory forensics depends on the accuracy and completeness of memory image, which means all sections of memory (both kernel and user space) must be captured accurately. Several tools with varied capabilities and accuracies are available for capturing the memory. In order to determine the capabilities and accuracy of Windows volatile memory capturing tools, we have analyzed several different Windows volatile memory acquisition tools and have also compared their results. For analysis of captured memory, we used three different memory analysis tools. The resulting comparisons can be used by investigators to select tools as per their need.
Cruel and unuseful punishment

Although Shane O9Mara agrees "with the moral, ethical, and legal case against torture," his argument against it occurs within an empirical, consequentialist framework, not an ethical one. Invoking the relevant science, he shows that torture undermines the very neurocognitive mechanisms requisite for recalling veridical information from memory. Praising the book9s rigor, depth, and clarity, reviewer Richard J. McNally delves into the scientific evidence against enhanced interrogation techniques.
Placental transfer of radioactive digitoxin in rats and guinea pigs.

Summary1. Digitoxin, and possibly its metabolic products, crosses the placenta of rats and guinea pigs. 2. Larger amounts of both unchanged digitoxin and its metabolites were found in the fetuses of guinea pigs than in the fetuses of rats. 3. Embryonic tissue may have a marked ability to catabolize the drug, or there may be a selective penetration of the metabolites across the placenta, as noted by its high metabolite-digitoxin ratio. 4. On a tissue weight basis, digitoxin and its metabolites were found in higher concentrations in the embryonic heart than in the maternal heart.
Tangential Newtonian flow in annuli—I

Abstract An exact solution of the equations of change is given for the unsteady state, laminar, tangential flow of an isothermal, incompressible viscous fluid in the annular space between two cylinders one or both of which may be rotating. The transient behaviour of the velocity profiles is set forth graphically. An approximate solution for short times is also given. These results may be of interest in connexion with problems in lubrication and viscometry.
Ambulatory arrhythmia screening in symptomatic children and young adults: Comparative effectiveness of holter and telephone event recordings

Effective initial identification of potential cardiac arrhythmias in symptomatic children is difficult due to the infrequency, brief duration, and vague nature of subjective complaints in the young. Although both telephone event and Holter monitoring are used for this purpose, no comparative studies of the initial screening efficacy of either have been performed. A total of 202 consecutive symptomatic children (age 11 days to 26 years, mean 10.2 years) were evaluated for potential cardiac arrhythmias with either 24-h Holter (97 patients) or telephone event (105 patients) recorders and grouped according to the presence or absence of congenital heart defects, normal or abnormal resting electrocardiogram (ECG), and presence or absence of cardiac surgery. The results showed 30% of all recordings (61% event; 14% Holter) failed to substantiate any arrhythmias in spite of subjective symptoms. Event recordings showed a better correlation of sensed symptoms with arrhythmias (32%) compared to Holters (5%) (p<0.01) with 73% of Holter recordings performed during both asymptomatic and arrhythmia-free 24-h periods. Holter monitoring was more effective in detecting nonsensed and asymptomatic events (8% versus 0.5%, (p<0.01), among high-risk children. This study demonstrates that although both monitoring devices are applicable to children, each has inherent limitations and usefulness. These must be considered in choosing either device to permit their most optimal and cost-effective application.
Correlation Analysis of Anti-HCV and ALT test results for blood donors of Handan

Objective Investigate and analyze of the relationship between unpaid blood donors Anti-HCV testing results and the ALT value.Methods Detected samples 20847 for anti-HCV and ALT from March of 2009 to February of 2010 from Handan blood donors.Using SPSS 13.0 to do statistical analysis on the numbers of Anti-HCV positive and abnormal raised ALT negative blood donors.Results In 20847 blood donors,anti-HCV positive were 127 cases,including 23 cases of ALT 40 EU/L.Anti-HCV negative 20720 blood donors,including 2019 ALT 40 EU/L.After statistics processing,statistical significance was found(χ2= 9.999,P 0.05).Conclusions Unpaid blood donation anti-HCV positive with abnormal ALT significantly more than the anti-HCV negative,testing blood ALT values are beneficial determine the safety for donors ' blood.
Correction: To 'Throughput efficiency of an enhanced link management procedure'

Based on the findings from an on-going research effort, the authors of this paper^1are aware of an error in the derivation for effective throughput efficiency presented in that paper. The derivation counts incorrectly the number of closure failures for the probabilities p(0)...p(n) resulting in an incorrect total. For example, in p(1) a failure in the last cycle will contribute to the throughput efficiency by (n - 12)n + (k - 1)[n - 5] not 2(n - 12)n + (k - 2)[(n - 5)n] as the analysis assumes. This error is repeated for other values of p. The following text provides a corrected counting argument using a different approach.
Prevalence and Gross Morphologic Features of Perianal Melanocytic Nevi

Importance The presence of numerous melanocytic nevi is a significant melanoma risk factor, but there are scant data related to prevalence and morphologic features of melanocytic nevi in the perianal area. The prognosis of perianal melanoma is often dismal because of hidden location and diagnosis delay. Objective To determine prevalence and morphologic features of perianal melanocytic nevi. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was conducted for 11 months during 2013 and 2014 at an outpatient dermatology clinic in Chicago, Illinois, with a convenience sample of 236 adults (men and women of all races, ≥18 years) presenting to 1 dermatologist for melanoma and/or skin cancer screening or surveillance. The analysis was conducted during April through July 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence and morphologic features of perianal nevi according to race/ethnicity, sex, and age. Results Of 236 participating patients, 219 were non-Hispanic white; 4, Hispanic white; and 13, nonwhite. Patients included 138 men and 98 women, ages 23 to 84 years (median age, 55 years; mean [SD], 53 [15] years). Perianal nevi of any size, at least 2 mm in diameter, and at least 5 mm in diameter were evident in 48.9% (107 of 219), 39.7% (87 of 219), and 5.5% (12 of 219) of non-Hispanic whites, respectively; 50.0% (2 of 4), 0 (0 of 4), and 0 (0 of 4) of Hispanic whites, respectively; and 38.5% (5 of 13), 38.5% (5 of 13), and 0 (0 of 13) of nonwhites, respectively. In non-Hispanic whites, the presence of at least 1 perianal nevus was significantly associated with history of atypical nevus excision (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5-5.7); and extant findings of at least 1 atypical nevus (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9); atypical nevus pattern (≥20 nevi that were ≥2 mm in diameter), plus at least 5 nevi that were 5 mm or greater in diameter (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.1); and at least 4 atypical nevi 5 mm or greater in diameter (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, perianal melanocytic nevi were common and were associated with prominent and atypical nevi elsewhere. The perianal area is worthy of attention during melanoma screening and surveillance.
Current trends in simulation training in anesthesia: A review

Anesthesiology as a specialty has made numerous prescient commitments to better patient care. Physicians entering residency are reaching the zenith of their educational odyssey and primarily acquire knowledge and skill through active involvement. Simulation training and associated assessment offers a chance for active involvement to the learner. The goal of the training is to accelerate skill acquisition, improve skill retention and reduce the extinction of skills. Simulation training programs have been shown to increase the skill of anesthesiologists. This increase in skill is expected to translate to evidence of improved patient care. Direct evidence that simulation directly improves patient care continues to be difficult to establish. In the future, the intuitive benefit of simulation as a means to improve the safety and quality of patient care is likely to become established by clinical research.
Cross-National Trends in Quality of Life: The WORLD-QUAL Data Base

Previous tests of Quality of Life models have been limited to cross-sectional data. In contrast, we are collecting a time-series database of national QOL indicators to examine trends and to fully test causal models.
A study of the aftershocks and focal mechanism of the Salinas-Watsonville earthquakes of August 31 and September 14, 1963

The earthquake sequences connected with the earthquakes of August 31 and September 14, 1963 in the Salinas-Watsonville region of California are here studied with reference to the background seismic activity. A very favorable distribution of permanent and mobile stations in this area permits the analysis to include earthquakes of small magnitudes. The mechanism of the larger aftershocks of both sequences is found to be similar to the mechanism of the main shock of September 14, 1963. The orientation of the principal axes of stress derived from the focal mechanism of the September 14 earthquake, is related to the strike of the San Andreas fault.
Chapter 16 – Chemical surveillance and monitoring

Chemical surveillance is as intrinsic to modern business practice as loss control, total quality management and human resource development. Common techniques for monitoring workplace chemicals that present human health and safety risks are conveniently divided into three basic types—ambient air monitoring, ambient materials testing, and personal monitoring. To routinely schedule monitoring activities, the safety officer is well advised to consider implementing unscheduled or even randomized monitoring efforts. While regulatory standards must always inform and guide any program of in-plant monitoring and surveillance, the objective of keeping workplace ambient concentrations of chemical contaminants “as low as reasonably practicable” (ALARP) is internationally recognized as a universally relevant objective.
Development and Refinement of a Targeted Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Women With a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with sexual risk behavior in adulthood. Traditional sexual risk reduction interventions do not meet the unique needs of women who have been sexually abused. In the current paper, we describe the four-stage process we followed to develop and refine a targeted sexual risk reduction intervention for this population. First, initial quantitative work revealed that the intervention should address how maladaptive thoughts related to traumatic sexualization, trust, powerlessness, and guilt/shame (traumagenic dynamics constructs) influence current sexual behavior. Second, qualitative interviews with 10 women who reported a history of CSA (M age = 34 years; 90% African American) as well as current sexual risk behavior provided support for targeting maladaptive thoughts associated with these traumagenic dynamics constructs. Third, based on the qualitative and quantitative results, we developed a 5-session, group-delivered intervention to address the maladaptive thoughts that occurred as a result of CSA, as well as the cognitive-behavioral determinants of sexual risk behavior. This intervention drew heavily on cognitive behavioral techniques to address cognitions associated with CSA and the links between these cognitions and current sexual risk behavior. Techniques from trauma-based therapies, as well as motivational techniques, were also incorporated into the intervention. Finally, we refined the intervention with 24 women (M age = 33 years; 79% African American), and assessed feasibility and acceptability. These women reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. The resultant intervention is currently being evaluated in a small, randomized controlled trial.
Integrating downscaled CMIP5 data with a physically-based hydrologic model to estimate potential climate change impacts on streamflow processes in a mixed-use watershed

Climatic changes have altered surface water regimes worldwide, and climate projections suggest that such alterations will continue. To inform management decisions, climate projections must be paired with hydrologic models to develop quantitative estimates of watershed scale water regime changes. Such modeling approaches often involve downscaling climate model outputs, which are generally presented at coarse spatial scales. In this study, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate model projections were analyzed to determine models representing severe and conservative climate scenarios for the study watershed. Based on temperature and precipitation projections, output from GFDL-ESM2G (RCP2.6) and MIROC-ESM (RCP8.5) were selected to represent conservative (ΔC) and severe (ΔS) change scenarios, respectively. Climate data were used as forcing for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to analyze the potential effects of climate change on hydrologic processes in a mixed-use watershed in central Missouri, USA. Results showed annual streamflow decreases ranging from -5.9% to -26.8% and evapotranspiration (ET) increases ranging from +7.2% to +19.4%. During the mid-21st century, sizeable decreases to summer streamflow were observed under both scenarios, along with large increases of fall, spring, and summer ET under ΔS. During the late 21st century period, large decreases of summer streamflow under both scenarios, and large increases to spring (ΔS), fall (ΔS) and summer (ΔC) ET were observed. This study demonstrated the sensitivity of a Midwestern watershed to future climatic changes utilizing projections from CMIP5 models, and presented an approach that used multiple climate model outputs to characterize potential watershed scale climate impacts.
Muito para além da encefalite: um relato de caso

Introduction: An acute confusional state reflects a sudden change in consciousness. The etiology is usually multifactorial and the diagnosis is more difficult in the elderly. It may be associated with many diseases, each with a different severity, management and prognosis. This case illustrates a rare presentation of a brain tumor as a confusional state. It demonstrates the role of the family physician as the main support for the patient and the family and the importance of continuity of care. Case report: A 69 year-old married man was brought to a consultation because of sudden behavioral changes and mental confusion, without fever. He was known to suffer from type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. He was referred to the emergency room, where he became febrile. Viral encephalitis was diagnosed. After a prolonged hospitalization, he returned home and became partially dependent. His recovery was slower than expected. A follow-up examination revealed a glioblastoma multiforme. The family had difficulty adjusting to the diagnosis and the dependent state of the patient. There were many visits to the emergency department and multiple complications. He died nine months later. Comments: Sudden illness, particularly when it changes the degree of dependence of the patient, requires adaptation by the family. The family physician had an important role to play in the management of this situation. He managed the initial presentation, provided support in the recovery from the acute illness, informed and educated and the patient and the family, made himself available to the family, cared for the patient, and supported the caregivers. However, the expectations of the family for a full recovery hindered communication between the health care team and the family. In this case, despite expert care by the physician, the fears and expectations of the patient and family can jeopardize a desired outcome.
Multi-Level Interactions of Government and Private Sectors In Economic Development

Abstract In the process of economic development of a large number of countries that have succeeded in their modernization and industrialization, the national government has played a substantial role in leading and guiding the development of the private sectors. The interactions among the national governments, state governments and the private economic sectors can be cast in a dynamic hierarchical decision making framework. In this paper, we formulate the national government and private sector interactions in the Stackelberg leader-follower dynamic game framework. This formulation is based on a specific process of economic development expounded by K. Ohkawa and known as Phase Theory. In the first part, we develop a differential game approach to Phase theory along with performance functions to be optimized. In the second part, we present the vector (sector) augmentation process in which the roles of government and private sectors are clearly interactive and selective given the limited financial resources available to the society. The sector augmentation process is an evolutionary process leading the national socio-economic developmental stage into a higher, more advanced steady state level from which a new decision-making situation evolves.
Collisionally Excited Lines and Plasma Diagnostics

To this point we have discussed lines which are excited by radiative processes, mostly photoionization followed by cascade. Collisional excitation can play an Important role in many instances. If mechanical energy or magnetic energy from hydromagnetic waves are dissipated in a gas, the temperature may be raised and atomic levels excited by collisions with electrons. Collisional excitation of hydrogen, in particular, could become important. In a low-density gas which is ionized by radiation, collisional excitation of hydrogen may be less important, but that of low-lying levels of many other atoms and ions can become significant.
Eugenics and the Austrian Third and Fourth Generation

Hayek ‘just learned’ that Mises ‘was usually right in his conclusions, but I was not completely satisfied with his argument. It became very largely an attempt to improve the argument, which I realized led to correct conclusions. But the question of why it hadn’t persuaded most other people became important to me; so I became anxious to put it in a more effective form.’ Mises was a card-carrying Austro-Fascist and member of the official Fascist social club; and the tax-exempt Rothbard celebrated the first bombing of the World Trade Center. This chapter examines the influence of eugenics on Hayek, Mises, and Rothbard plus the similarities between ‘von Hayek V’ and the founder of the British Union of Fascists, Sir Oswald Mosley, sixth Baronet.
Targeted Neuromodulation of Abnormal Interhemispheric Connectivity to Promote Neural Plasticity and Recovery of Arm Function after Stroke: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial Study Protocol.

Background. Despite intensive rehabilitation efforts, most stroke survivors have persistent functional disability of the paretic arm and hand. These motor impairments may be due in part to maladaptive changes in structural and functional connections between brain regions. The following early stage clinical trial study protocol describes a noninvasive brain stimulation approach to target transcallosally mediated interhemispheric connections between the ipsi- and contralesional motor cortices (iM1 and cM1) using corticocortical paired associative stimulation (ihPAS). This clinical trial aims to characterize ihPAS-induced modulation of interhemispheric connectivity and the effect on motor skill performance and learning in chronic stroke survivors. Methods/Design. A repeated-measures, cross-over design study will recruit 20 individuals post-stroke with chronic mild–moderate paretic arm impairment. Each participant will complete an active ihPAS and control ihPAS session. Assessments of cortical excitability and motor skill performance will be conducted prior to and at four time points following the ihPAS intervention. The primary outcome measures will be: TMS-evoked interhemispheric motor connectivity, corticomotor excitability, and response time on a modified serial reaction time task. Discussion/Conclusion. The findings from this single-site early stage clinical trial will provide foundational results to inform the design of larger-scale, multisite clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ihPAS-based neuromodulation for upper limb recovery after stroke. This trial is registered with NCT02465034 .
Paint and Politics: Analyzing the 2011 Egyptian Revolution through Graffiti

This paper will analyze the works of street artists Ganzeer, Zeft, and Ammar Abo Bakr during the Egyptian Revolution in 2011. It will argue that alternative media affected social change more efficiently than traditional digital and print media. Each section will analyze graffiti pieces as belonging to one of three categories: social movements aimed at mobilizing citizens towards a common goal, visions of alternate futures aimed at remedying present problems, or memorials aimed at honoring victims and documenting administrative crimes. Additionally, each section will examine the production and preservation of specific pieces, including audience interaction and distribution, as a factor in the changing perception of national identity during the Arab Spring. The multitude of graffiti pieces complicate the construction of a single narrative by suggesting diversity in political leaders and historical narratives. The graffiti pieces reflect the diversity of citizens and present an acceptance of the multiplicity of national narratives as a solution to the causes of the Egyptian Revolution and wider Arab Spring.
8. Charge-Density Waves

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the series of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments and conclusively establishes the value of the STM in detecting the real space arrangement and the intensity of charge-density wave structure. Both the atomic and charge density wave (CDW) structure have been well resolved and the STM amplitude response has shown a systematic correlation with the strength of the CDW. CDW structure, deduced from other types of experiments, has been confirmed on an atomic scale in the real space images and in a number of cases new and unexpected results on CDW structure have been obtained. The chapter discusses that the initial AFM experiments also demonstrate that the atomic force microscope (AFM) can give good resolution of CDW structure, although the amplitude relative to the atomic amplitude is much smaller than observed with the STM. Combined STM and AFM studies should be complimentary. A large series of spectroscopy measurements have shown that reliable information on CDW energy gaps can also be obtained with the STM. The spectroscopy mode is highly sensitive, but systematic reproducibility has been obtained. The STM can be expected to supply extremely valuable information on many aspects of electronic structure in materials.
The Structure of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle Offshore Britain: Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling and Crustal Cross-Sections

BIRPS deep seismic reflection profiles, recorded in the waters around the British Isles show dominantly extensionai faults in the upper crust, a highly reflective lower crust and probable extensional shear zones in the mantle. As the reflective lower crust is best developed in regions of extension, where it seems to act as a divide between the extensional tectonics of the upper crust and the upper mantle, the reflectivity of the lower crust is probably related to extensional processes. Comparisons with exposed crustal cross-sections are used to provide constraints on the cause of lower crustal reflectivity, suggesting that the reflections could come from intrusions or from shear zones, but are less likely to be caused by fluids. The pattern of reflectivity within the lower crust is interpreted as evidence that at least some of the reflectivity of the lower crust comes from shear zones: large-lenticular transparent zones enclosed within highly reflective bands are interpreted as low-strain lozenges enclosed within high-strain zones, a style of deformation common in high-grade terranes.
X-Ray Crystallographic Studies of the Structure-Function Relationships of HIV-1 Protease

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease is responsible for the processing of gag and gag-pol polyprotein precursors to produce structural proteins and enzymes for the mature virus. Hence, it is essential for the maturation and infectivity of the virus and is thus a major target for the development of inhibitor drugs. But these efforts have been handicapped by the development of drug resistant viral strains.
Genotype and Phenotype of Caffeine Metabolism: A Biochemistry Laboratory Experiment

An experiment for the upper-division undergraduate biochemistry laboratory is described in which students investigate the influence of genetic variations of cytochrome P450 1A2 on drug metabolism, using caffeine as a model compound. Saliva samples from human subjects are characterized for a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene (genotyping) and for the rate of caffeine clearance (phenotyping). This experiment has clinical significance in the area of personalized medicine.
Dimensionality Estimation of Protein Dynamics Using Polymer Models

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is a powerful technique for sampling the conformational landscape of natively folded proteins (NFPs) and structurally dynamic intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). NFPs and IDPs can be viewed as nonlinear dynamical systems that exercise available degrees of freedom to explore their energetically-accessible conformation landscape. Dimensionality estimators have emerged as useful tools to characterize nonlinear dynamical systems in other domains, but their application to MD simulation has been limited due to thermal noise and a lack of ground-truth data. We develop a series of increasingly complex biopolymer models which exhibit a range of dynamics we seek to characterize in MD simulations (stochastic dynamics, helical structures, partially folded states, and correlated motions) and are of known dimensionality. We utilize the maximum-likelihood dimension (MLD) estimator to investigate the effects of thermal noise and noise-smoothing techniques on the estimates obtained from the polymer models and MD simulations of two NFPs and two IDPs. We find that under certain noise/smoothing conditions, the MLD over/under-estimates the true dimensionality of the models in a predictable manner, allowing us to relate differences between MLD estimates to differences between NFP and IDP motions for classification of biomolecular systems based on their dynamics.