cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Detection of Dysplasia in IBD: the Role of Chromoendoscopy and Enhanced Imaging Techniques

Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) colitis are at significantly higher risk for the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), a risk associated with increased duration and extent of disease [1]. CAC in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s colitis arises from dysplastic tissue in the background of mucosal inflammatory changes. Regular surveillance by colonoscopy is a recommended cancer prevention strategy endorsed by the US and European GI societies [2–4]. Until recently, random sampling of the mucosa throughout the colon has been the mainstay of this conventional surveillance. This requires multiple biopsies to be taken and processed, a practice which is time consuming, expensive, and has a low diagnostic yield. The growth pattern of dysplastic tissue is often multifocal and diffuse, and thus, its detection may not be optimal with the use of traditional white light colonoscopy. According to recent studies, most dysplastic lesions appear to be visible to careful endoscopic inspection [5–7]. Thus, the approach focusing on targeted biopsies of any mucosal abnormalities instead of only random biopsies has been advocated [8]. In addition, the detection and further delineation of any mucosal abnormalities are thought to be improved by the application of dyes that highlight more subtle abnormalities known as chromoendoscopy (CE) as well as a new generation endoscopic system with high-definition white light endoscopy (HDWL). The application of CE in patients with long-term UC was deemed to be beneficial based upon the results of previous clinical trials comparing CE with standard definition white light endoscopy (SDWL) [9•, 10•]. However, there are limited data available comparing CE with the currently broadly used high-definition colonoscopies (HDWL) [11•, 12•, 13•]. High-definition (HD) endoscopy uses a high-definition monitor and a high-resolution CCD (charge-coupled device) providing images of substantially higher resolution than standard video endoscopy. Thus, HDWL colonoscopy may be an alternative to CE in IBD surveillance without the need for the extra time and required experience with CE. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to determine the ultimate advantage of chromoendoscopy or lack of the advantages of chromoendoscopy over that of high-definition colonoscopy in detection of dysplasia. Once lesions are identified by HDWL and CE, they can be further evaluated with evolving technologies to perform in vivo microscopy. Small-field technologies such as confocal endomicroscopy (CLE) permit in vivo microscopic assessment of the colonic mucosa. This evolving technology can be utilized in combination with HDWL and CE in selected cases to further define the lesions and assess their histology, and thus, facilitate real-time in vivo diagnosis and decisions regarding resection of lesions. Further studies to determine the applicability of these newer enhanced technologies in evaluation of dysplasia in routine clinical practice are needed.
Meandering Musings by Linus Pauling: “American Scientists and the Spirit of the Frontier”

Hoping to raise funds in 1975 for his namesake institute, Linus Pauling submitted to Esquire magazine a 32-page handwritten manuscript, "American Scientists and the Spirit of the Frontier." Angered when his submission for publication was declined, Pauling eventually gifted the original manuscript in 1986 to his friend, Linus Pauling Institute fundraiser Stephen Maddox, who would sell it in 2004 to the Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology. Published accurately here for the first time, the manuscript captures not only Pauling's sweeping metaphor of scientists as frontiersmen but also the creative process by which Pauling formulated his hydrate microcrystal theory of general anesthesia.
The Teaching of Chinese to Heritage Language Learners at the Post-Secondary Level

This chapter presents an overview of the history, theories, research and practical issues in the area of teaching Chinese as a heritage language (TCHL) in the post-secondary setting in the United States. The theoretical aim of the chapter is to formulate interdisciplinary insights into TCHL, relating research from second language acquisition perspectives to identity research, curriculum development research, discourse analysis, and social constructionist views on language learning. The practical aim of the chapter is to provide teachers, program administrators and policy makers concrete pedagogical suggestions regarding TCHL.
Biofloc management with different flow rates for solids removal in the Litopenaeus vannamei BFT culture system

Different water flows for solids removal in the Litopenaeus vannamei BFT system were evaluated. One control (no solids removal) and two treatments using different water flows, high (3945 L h−1—HF) and low (1750 L h−1—LF), were used with no water replenishment after each process, and the total dry weight of the solids was measured. L. vannamei (0.18 ± 0.06 g; 350 individuals m−2) were stocked in 35-m−3 tanks. For 17 weeks, the physical and chemical parameters were maintained within the recommended. To keep the total suspended solids concentrations at approximately 500–600 mg L−1, clarifying was performed. The average water volume flowed by clarifiers was significantly different (p 0.05) for crude protein, moisture or ash. The crude lipid of the LF in the final period was significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to others in both periods. The survival, productivity and food conversion ratio were significantly better (p < 0.05) in the HF and LF treatments compared to those of the control. The best shrimp performance was obtained with solids removal. The lower flow in the clarifier facilitated particle settling, allowing adjustment of the flow.
Mixture Component Prediction Using Iterative Optimization Technology (Calibration-Free/Minimum Approach)

Process analytical technology (PAT) plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. PAT is used extensively in process development, process understanding, and process control. Often, quantitative measurements are desired/required and a calibrated model will have to be developed and implemented. The development, implementation, and maintenance of these quantitative models are both resource and time intensive. This paper describes a calibration-free/minimum approach, iterative optimization technology (IOT), which is used to predict (without calibration standards) the composition of a mixture while maintaining a similar predictability to calibration standard models. It typically involves using only pure standard spectra (collected prior to the analysis) and sample spectra collected during the analysis. This technology is applicable for predicting compositions during development of pharmaceutical products (where the synthetic route, formulation, or process is not set) and is not intended for use in go...
City Managers, Police Chiefs, and Fire Chiefs in the South: Testing for Determinants and Impact of Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action

This study analyzes (1) the extent to which city managers, police chiefs, and fire chiefs in southern municipalities support affirmative action recruitment, (2) the factors which shape these attitudes, and (3) the extent to which bureaucratic attitudes contribute to actual recruitment patterns. Based predominantly on survey research, findings indicate that each set of public employers supports the principle of affirmative action. Yet, they are much less supportive of its implementation. Primary determinants of attitudes are found in demographic, political, and personal characteristics. In the case of affirmative action in the South, bureaucratic attitudes have negligible impact on bureaucratic behavior. Questions are raised about the linkages in the theory of representative bureaucracy.
Do the Poor Pay More

Are low-income families victims of high prices in small neighborhood stores? This article goes beyond asking what prices small stores charge and examines the purchasing patterns of low-income famil...
The investigation of optimizing methotrexate chemotherapy regimens in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

OBJECTIVE Methotrexate(MTX) monitoring was employed during high-dose methotrexate infusion to compare the difference of anti-leukemia effect and toxicity between the two kinds of MTX therapy regimens in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),as well as to evaluate the clinical application value of high performance liquid chromatography with solid phase extraction(Spe-HPLC) to monitor MTX serum concentration.METHODS 44 ALL children,male 24 and female 20,were divided into two groups,the 24h infusion group and the 12 h infusion group.MTX was given at the dosage of 3-5 g·m-2,and Spe-HPLC was used to determine the concentration of MTX.The toxicity was graded and assessed according to the guidelines of WHO.Comparing with the rate that reach the curative concentration of MTX when MTX was given 24 h,the side effects,the frequency of the usage of CF,the length of stay and the cost for the therapy between the two groups.RESULTS It showed that the rate that reach the curative concentration of MTX in 24 h group when MTX was given 24 h was singnificant higher than that in 12 h group.And the rates of the toxic effects such as myelosuppression,impairment of mucous membranes,impairment of liver function between the two groups didn't have significance of difference.The frequency of the usage of CF,the length of stay and the cost for the therapy didn't increase significantly.CONCLUSION By using Spe-HPLC monitoring the concentration of MTX,the curative effects of MTX by 24 h infusion was improved significantly,the long-term curative effects of treating ALL was improved,and the toxic effects of MTX wasn't increased significantly,the medication project of HD-MTX was improved.
37 CHALLENGES IN INITIATING A PROSPECTIVE OUTCOMES DATABASE IN INTERVENTIONAL NEURORADIOLOGY.

Purpose To describe the process and challenges encountered in early efforts to establish an outcomes database in the interventional neuroradiology (INR) section at Loma Linda University Medical Center. Introduction Clinical outcomes are a very important quality metric of medical practice (Thornbury1). It follows that all clinical practices stand to benefit from the measurement and analysis of outcomes data, which allow comparison of the practices9 performance with published standards. This especially applies in the field of INR due to its rapid evolution in techniques. However, a formidable barrier to the general application of outcomes analysis to most clinical practices is the state of the medical record, usually a collection of paper documents, which require a prohibitive quantity of human resources to retrospectively review for data. One strategy to overcome the limitations of paper medical records in this regard is to establish a robust database that captures all relevant data at the point of care (ie, prospective, real time) and automatically calculates outcomes. Methods/Results The first step of our effort was to determine appropriate outcomes to track. We selected three main procedures for analysis: carotid stenting, cerebral aneurysm embolization, and vertebroplasty, for which the literature was reviewed, clinical outcomes standards and appropriate intervals for measurement, were identified. Second, while other database options were available, the database option we chose to implement was the Cerner suite (PowerOffice, PowerNote, and PowerInsight). Third, negotiations were conducted between the Department of Radiology, the hospital, and the Information Technology Department for the inclusion of the INR initiative as a pilot project. Eventually, this was approved after a considerable amount of lobbying. Finally, early efforts to begin clinical record keeping within the database focused on identifying premade templates within the Cerner programs that most closely matched our target documents and getting access to the system in a test environment to begin troubleshooting the data entry process. Conclusions Ongoing, automated outcome analysis would be an important addition to any clinical practice. The effort to set up such a system requires a significant investment of up-front time. Local factors may determine which of several approaches is most appropriate for any given practice. 1. Thornbury JR. Intermediate outcomes: diagnostic and therapeutic impact. Acad Radiol 1999;6 Suppl 1:S58-65; discussion S66-8.
Detection of Cytomegalovirus Antigen and Pathological Feature in Children′s Liver Tissues

Objective:To detect cytomegal ovirus(CMV) infection in children's liver tissues and to investigate pathological features of liver tissues.Methods:Immunoperoxidase histochemical assay with monoclonal antibody against CMV was used to detect immediate early antigen(IEA) and early antigen(EA) of CMV infection in liver tissues.The pathological feature of liver tissues was observed with microscope.Results:7 cases were both CMV-IEA and CMV-EA positive in 20 cases.The positive cells of various number were often found to be clustered, CMV-antigen positive cells in liver tissues mainly included hepatocytes,endothelial cells, bile ductepithelial cells and inflammatory cells. The swelling degeneration and vacuolar degeneration of liver cells were observed in all the cases. A part of cases showed hepatocellular jaundice,necrosis of liver cells and proliferation of fibrous tissue of portal area.10 cases deformed biliary tract showed hepatocellular jaundice.Conclusions:The diagnosis of CMV hepatitis according to serum antibody of CMV-IgM and clinical feature almost corresponded to the diagnosis of CMV-antigen of liver tissues.There were no statistically difference of pathological feature of liver tissues between case of CMV-ant igen positive and negative.
Transgenic mice expressing human sickle hemoglobin are partially resistant to rodent malaria

The polymorphic frequency of the gene for beta s-globin involved in the generation of sickle trait and sickle cell anemia in the human population is caused by the enhanced resistance of sickle trait individuals to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, as supported by epidemiologic and in vitro studies. However, the mechanism for the protective effect of sickle hemoglobin in vivo has not been fully defined. The generation of transgenic mice expressing high levels of human beta s- and alpha-chains has allowed us to study this phenomenon in vivo in an experimental model. We infected the transgenic beta s mice with two species of rodent malaria and found a diminished and delayed increase in parasitemia as compared with controls. This is in contrast to our previous studies involving the introduction of a beta A transgene, which does not alter the infection. The use of this model allowed us to address the question of the mechanism of protection against malaria in mice expressing sickle hemoglobin. We find that splenectomy of transgenic mice completely reverses the protection against Plasmodium chabaudi adami infection. The results reported have shown a relationship between the presence of the beta s gene product and partial resistance to malaria in an experimental model in vivo and shows that the spleen plays an important role in this protection.
Mixed Quantum/Classical Theory for Molecule–Molecule Inelastic Scattering: Derivations of Equations and Application to N2 + H2 System

The mixed quantum classical theory, MQCT, for inelastic scattering of two molecules is developed, in which the internal (rotational, vibrational) motion of both collision partners is treated with quantum mechanics, and the molecule-molecule scattering (translational motion) is described by classical trajectories. The resultant MQCT formalism includes a system of coupled differential equations for quantum probability amplitudes, and the classical equations of motion in the mean-field potential. Numerical tests of this theory are carried out for several most important rotational state-to-state transitions in the N2 + H2 system, in a broad range of collision energies. Besides scattering resonances (at low collision energies) excellent agreement with full-quantum results is obtained, including the excitation thresholds, the maxima of cross sections, and even some smaller features, such as slight oscillations of energy dependencies. Most importantly, at higher energies the results of MQCT are nearly identical to the full quantum results, which makes this approach a good alternative to the full-quantum calculations that become computationally expensive at higher collision energies and for heavier collision partners. Extensions of this theory to include vibrational transitions or general asymmetric-top rotor (polyatomic) molecules are relatively straightforward.
Gut content analysis of arthropod predators of codling moth in Washington apple orchards

Abstract Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is the key pest of pome fruits in many temperate areas of North America, Eurasia, South Africa, South America and Australia. Many predatory arthropods species are found in organic apple orchards of central Washington; here we use PCR-based gut content analysis of arthropod predators to identify predators that attack codling moth. Predators were sampled from tree canopies, tree trunks and from the understory and were homogenized in a lysis buffer to provide a template for Direct PCR. PCR showed 8.9% of 2591 predators had preyed on C. pomonella. Spiders, including 25 genera from 15 families, two carabid beetle species (Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) and Harpalus pennsylvanicus DeGeer) and the European earwig (Forficula auricularia [L.]) represented 87% of predator specimens analyzed and were 8.2%, 8.3% and 14.7% positive for C. pomonella. PCR products from 38% of predators that appeared positive for C. pomonella COI were sequenced; all showed 99% or more similarity to C. pomonella COI sequences in GenBank. Digestion rates of adult earwigs fed on mature codling moth larvae showed a detection half-life of 3.7 days; half-life from the fecal pellets from the same earwigs was 3.6 days. When fed mature codling moth larvae, the carabid P. melanarius showed a digestion half-life of 3.14 days. Identification of the key predators of C. pomonella can guide the use of selective insecticides and the conservation of these natural enemies, enhancing biological control and supporting stable IPM programs in pome fruit orchards in the western USA.
Induced Coupling Between Contractile Cells

Cells communicate with each other through biochemical and electrical mechanisms employing various autocrine and endocrine signaling pathways. Cells, and cardiomyocytes in particular, generate contractile forces on the substrates (or tissues) they adhere to. This results in a tensile strain field in the substrate around the contractile cell. As a result, nearby cells adhered to the same substrate get stretched. The effect of this long range communication has received limited attention to date. Here we develop an elastic cell culture substrate to explore strain mediated coupling in cardiomyocytes. We investigate (1) whether strain coupling of isolated cardiomyocytes affects the temporal dynamics of contractility, (2) whether such long range communication can enable synchrony in cardiomyocyte beating, and (3) what is the biophysical mechanism enabling strain induced coupling? Initial experiments show that strain coupled populations of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes can synchronize their beating with time. We hypothesize that the contraction of one cell cluster results in calcium influx in the coupled cell cluster via stretch sensitive ion channels. We utilize an integrate-and-fire oscillator model with strain induced coupling to predict the emergence of synchrony between cardiomyocytes. This finding may shed light on cardiac arrhythmias in stiffened, infarcted cardiac tissues where strain coupling may be compromised.
Consumers’ Use of Perceived and Objective Market Cues for Product Evaluations: Preliminary Findings

Consumers often judge the value of a product on the basis of a variety of informational cues that they associate with the product. Some are specific product characteristics while others are extrinsic to the product, such as the buyers' perception of price and brand name. Still, others are objective measures of quality such as those reported in Consumer Reports. This exploratory research paper answers a call signaled more than 20 years ago to integrate the influences of objective and perceived cues of buyer's evaluations of quality, monetary sacrifice, value and their subsequent willingness to buy product quality into a single study. Can objective quality information enhance the effect of price and brand name when the market is functioning properly? What will be the ability of this information to overpower price and brand name information when the marketplace is dysfunctional? These questions are examined in this study.
Toward Spatiotemporally Controlled Synthesis of Photoresponsive Polymers: Computational Design of Azobenzene-Containing Monomers for Light-Mediated ROMP

Density functional theory calculations have been used to identify the optimum design for a novel, light-responsive ring monomer expected to allow spatial and temporal control of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) via light-mediated changes in ring strain energy. The monomer design leverages ring-shaped molecules composed of 4,4′-diaminoazobenzene (ABn) closed by alkene-α,ω-dioic acid linkers. The atomic geometries, formation enthalpies and ring strain energies of azobenzene (AB)-containing rings with various length linkers have been calculated. The AB(2,2) monomer is identified as having optimal properties for light-mediated ROMP, including high thermodynamic stability, low ring strain energy (RSE) with cis-AB, and high RSE with trans-AB. Time-dependent DFT calculations have been used to explore the photoisomerization mechanism of isolated AB and AB-containing rings, and calculations show that trans-to-cis and cis-to-trans photoisomerization of the optimal AB(2,2) ring molecule can be achieved ...
Nonactive current definition and compensation using a shunt active filter

This paper presents a general definition of nonactive current/power and the implementation for a shunt compensation system. This definition is universal for different loads, such as nonperiodic, unbalanced or single phase, and also flexible in terms of the compensation results. Unity power factor, pure sinusoidal source current, or zero nonactive power supply from the utility can be achieved according to different compensation requirements. In addition, the corresponding current rating and energy storage requirements of the compensation system are also presented.
Effectiveness of a supportive housing program for homeless adults with mental illness and substance use: A two-group controlled trial:

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a housing transition program for homeless shelter residents with chronic mental illness and substance use.MethodA two-group ...
The Answer Is Yes: Dual Enrollment Benefits Students at the Community College

Objective: The study assesses the impact of dual enrollment participation on remediation and completion for traditional first time, full-time freshmen at a community college in Northeast Tennessee....
Abstract 5817: Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in Ewing sarcoma

Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly invasive and metastatic pediatric soft tissue and bone tumor. Children with metastatic ES have a cure rate of less than 30% (De loris MA et al, 2013). Novel and specific therapeutic targets are urgently needed. ES is characterized by the oncogenic fusions, mostly EWS/FLI, which functions as an aberrant transcription factor to deregulate downstream targets and mediate ES pathogenesis. By comparing genes dysregulated by EWS/FLI across multiple model systems (Niedan S et al, 2014; Sankar S et al, 2013; Tirode F et al, 2007), we identified protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A (PPP1R1A), a potent protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor upon PKA phosphorylation, as one of the core EWS/FLI targets (Luo W et al, 2016). Objective: In the current study, we seek to define the role of PPP1R1A in ES pathogenesis. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate transcriptional regulation of PPP1R1A by EWS/FLI. In vitro functional assays and orthotopic injections in immune-deficient mice were conducted to investigate the effect of PPP1R1A on ES oncogenic transformation and cell migration, and tumorigenesis and metastasis, respectively. High-throughput sequencing and functional annotation were utilized to identify PPP1R1A regulated genes and cellular functions. Drug treatment was performed to test the effect of PKA inhibitors on ES cell proliferation and tumor development. Results: We found that PPP1R1A is directly up-regulated by EWS/FLI via a GGAA microsatellite enhancer element. Depletion of PPP1R1A caused a significant decrease in oncogenic transformation (p Conclusion: Collectively, we identified an essential kinase and phosphatase pathway, PKA/PPP1R1A/PP1, that plays a critical role in ES tumorigenesis and metastasis, and thus is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of primary and metastatic ES. Citation Format: Wen Luo, Changxin Xu, Janet Ayello, Filemon De La Cruz, Jeremy Rosenblum, Stephen L. Lessnick, Mitchell S. Cairo. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1A promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5817. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5817
Is Imaging Down?: Developing and Supporting a Large Scale Laptop Checkout Program

The University of Wisconsin-Madison offers a free three-day laptop checkout service to students and staff. There are approximately 1,000 laptops available for checkout from any one of our eighteen campus locations which can be brought home free of charge; we are one of the largest and most generous laptop lending programs in the country.The laptops we lend are laptops that as a standard configuration are dual-bootable, with both OS X and Windows installed. Additionally, the standard configuration also includes a limited number of free and campus licensed software. Laptops are cleaned between checkouts and reverted to a clean and consistent state with all extraneous files, history, and personal information removed. These laptops are expected to have patched and reasonably up to date operating systems and software for security and compatibility reasons. With a program of this size, keeping it running smoothly has, at times, proven difficult.Maintaining this type of program presents service challenges. We require staff with varying experience levels to expend minimal effort on quickly and reliably cleaning, rebuilding, and updating two operating systems for up to 300 machines across campuses, daily. This paper provides a general overview of our laptop checkout program, discusses our current imaging workflow, and explores some of the decisions, challenges, and trade-offs we had to make to get us to where we are today.
CLINK: Compact LSTM Inference Kernel for Energy Efficient Neurofeedback Devices

Neurofeedback device measures brain wave and generates feedback signal in real time and can be employed as treatments for various neurological diseases. Such devices require high energy efficiency because they need to be worn or surgically implanted into patients and support long battery life time. In this paper, we propose CLINK, a compact LSTM inference kernel, to achieve high energy efficient EEG signal processing for neurofeedback devices. The LSTM kernel can approximate conventional filtering functions while saving 84% computational operations. Based on this method, we propose energy efficient customizable circuits for realizing CLINK function. We demonstrated a 128-channel EEG processing engine on Zynq-7030 with 0.8 W, and the scaled up 2048-channel evaluation on Virtex-VU9P shows that our design can achieve 215x and 7.9x energy efficiency compared to highly optimized implementations on E5-2620 CPU and K80 GPU, respectively. We carried out the CLINK design in a 15-nm technology, and synthesis results show that it can achieve 272.8 pJ/inference energy efficiency, which further outperforms our design on the Virtex-VU9P by 99x.
A CD40 targeting peptide prevents severe symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

CD40/CD154-interaction is critical in the development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE; mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis). Culprit CD4+CD40+ T cells drive a more severe form of EAE than conventional CD4 T cells. Blocking CD40/CD154-interaction with CD154-antibody prevents or ameliorates disease but had thrombotic complications in clinical trials. We targeted CD40 using a CD154-sequence based peptide. Peptides in human therapeutics demonstrate good safety. A small peptide, KGYY6, ameliorates EAE when given as pretreatment or at first symptoms. KGYY6 binds Th40 and memory T cells, affecting expression of CD69 and IL-10 in the CD4 T cell compartment, ultimately hampering disease development.
Patient safety superheroes in training: using a comic book to teach patient safety to residents

Problem Medical errors are a health burden. Residents must be aware of patient safety threats and have confidence reporting concerns. Creative modalities for teaching such content (eg, simulation) are resource intensive, while lectures do not assimilate clinical practice. Therefore, the objective of this project was to assess the use of a comic book to train Internal Medicine residents to identify patient safety issues. We report acceptability of the teaching tool and awareness and confidence in identifying patient safety issues using a comic book. Approach Residents from the Medical College of Wisconsin participated in a 1-hour session to identify 24 safety topics in a comic book. The primary outcomes were awareness and confidence. Engagement and enjoyment were also measured as forms of acceptability of the tool. Comparisons were made using Fisher’s exact tests and paired t-tests for awareness questions and Fisher’s exact tests for confidence questions. Analyses were performed using SAS V.9.4. Outcomes Fifty participants were included in the analyses. Proportions in each awareness category were significantly different on post-test in 21 of 24 topics included. The confidence in both identifying safety topics (55.1% precourse to 96% postcourse) and reporting them (35.42%–90%) increased significantly after the curriculum. 90% found the tool enjoyable and 98% found the tool engaging. Next steps This curriculum was successful in increasing resident awareness and confidence regarding patient safety. The use of a comic book was acceptable to residents. Future directions include digital conversion of the curriculum and expansion to include multiple settings within the hospital.
Facial Anatomy for Filler Injection: The Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS) Is Not Just for Facelifting

Facial volumization with filler and/or fat has become an integral part of global facial rejuvenation and provides a finishing touch to harmonize the face after surgical repositioning of soft tissue. However, facial injection is not devoid of complications that can lead to suboptimal outcomes. This article journeys through the facial anatomy for the injector emphasizing the superficial musculoaponeurotic system as a centralized depth gauge facilitating navigation into deep and superficial injection targets. Based on this principle, the fat compartments, ligaments, potential spaces, and neurovascular structures are categorized into planes to assist the injector in performing safe and accurate volume correction.
Trends in the Management Paradigms of Intracranial Meningioma.

Objective Intracranial meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumor. Treatment paradigms have evolved over time. There are limited number of population-based studies that examine this modern evolution. Here, we describe the trends of management of intracranial meningiomas using a national database. Methods The data were obtained from the National Cancer Database for the years 2004 to 2015, the collected variables included: patients' age, gender, insurance type, income, comorbidity score, the tumor size and grade, and treatment modality (observation, surgery, radiotherapy, or combination therapy). We performed statistical analyses to detect association between unique variables and outcomes. In addition, we performed mortality analyses for various treatment modalities. Results A total of 199,096 patients with a diagnosis of intracranial meningioma were included, the majority of patients were white females, mean age of 61 years, and half of the tumors were ≤ 3 cm. Observation was the most commonly used management modality followed by surgical resection, radiotherapy, and combination therapy. For the entire time period, there was an increased use of observation as a primary management method. Predictors of mortality included increased age, larger tumor size, higher tumor grade, treatment at a community hospital, and higher comorbidity scores. Conclusion Population-based studies of intracranial meningiomas are uncommon; our study is one of the few reports that examine the changes in the modern management paradigms of meningioma in the United States over time. Additionally, we shed light on the factors that affected survival of patients with this condition.
Complete Genome Sequence of Citrobacter freundii Myophage Maleficent.

ABSTRACT Citrobacter freundii, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, has been linked to opportunistic infections in neonates and immunocompromised adults. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a T4-like myophage, Maleficent, which infects C. freundii.
Dual-Band WiFi Applique Antenna

In this paper, we introduce a dual-band Wi-Fi applique antenna using the 5-mm thick automotive windshield glass as the substrate. In order to mitigate the strong surface-wave supported by the substrate at 5.8 GHz, a segmented ring was proposed to help the antenna radiate out of the substrate at 5.8 GHz while not degrading the performance at 2.4 GHz. Simulation and measurement results of the antenna were presented demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed surface-wave mitigating approach.
2 – Markov Processes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Markov processes. Markov process is time-homogeneous or temporally homogeneous. A ν-dimensional continuous Markov process satisfying the Feller property satisfies the strong Markov property. The chapter presents the Feller and the strong Markov properties. It describes the time-homogeneous Markov processes. A Markov process has a stationary transition probability function. A 0-stopping time τ is called a stopping time or a Markov time.
Phenotypic characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing AVP1 and MIOX4 in response to abiotic stresses.

Premise AVP1 (H+-pyrophosphatase) and MIOX4 (myo-inositol oxygenase) are genes that, when overexpressed individually, enhance the growth and abiotic stress tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We propose that pyramiding AVP1 and MIOX4 genes will further improve stress tolerance under water-limited and salt-stress conditions. Methods MIOX4 and AVP1 reciprocal crosses were developed and phenomic approaches used to investigate the possible synergy between these genes. Results Under normal and stress conditions, the crosses had higher foliar ascorbate content than the wild-type and parental lines. Under water-limited conditions, the crosses also displayed an enhanced growth rate and biomass compared with the control. The observed increases in photosystem II efficiency, linear electron flow, and relative chlorophyll content may have contributed to this observed phenotype. Additionally, the crosses retained more water than the controls when subjected to salt stress. Higher seed yields were also observed in the crosses compared with the controls when grown under salt and water-limitation stresses. Discussion Overall, these results suggest the combinatorial effect of overexpressing MIOX4 and AVP1 may be more advantageous than the individual traits for enhancing stress tolerance and seed yields during crop improvement.
Fabrication of Graphene-Inserted Tunneling Device (GiTD) for Emerging Spin Devices

Spintronic nanostructures such as magnetic tunnel junctions possess great potential for advancing a future computing paradigm requiring high speed and low power consumption. One great challenge limiting their widespread application is the conductivity mismatch between the ferromagnet and the channel material, resulting in low spin injection efficiency. The possible use of graphene as an atomically-thin tunnel barrier has been widely discussed because it could be readily interfaced with the ferromagnet to mitigate the conductivity mismatch problem. However, it still remains relatively unexplored to quantitatively understand how graphene will impact the spin polarization of tunneling currents. Here we present the experimental process to design and fabricate a graphene-inserted tunneling device, which will serve as the useful platform to study the fundamentals required for developing emerging spin devices. Further follow-up studies such as superconducting tunneling spectroscopy can be applied to the device structure developed in this work.
A Facile Electronic System for Collection and Analysis of Patient Reported Outcomes

Abstract Patient reported outcomes data are well-validated instruments that can be used for symptom management and research applications. Here we report a platform for PROs data collection from patients using a smartphone or clinic computer. The platform is readily adaptable, little to no cost, and easy to implement. Specific elements of the system are discussed, as well as related advantages and disadvantages of the approach within a single clinic.
My pronouns are they/them: Talking about pronouns changes how pronouns are understood

The pronoun “they” can be either plural or singular, perhaps referring to an individual who identifies as nonbinary. How do listeners identify whether “they” has a singular or plural sense? We test the role of explicitly discussing pronouns (e.g., “Alex uses they/them pronouns”). In three experiments, participants read short stories, like “Alex went running with Liz. They fell down.” Answers to “Who fell down” indicated whether participants interpreted they as Alex or Alex-and-Liz. We found more singular responses in discourse contexts that make Alex more available: when Alex was either the only person in the context or mentioned first. Critically, the singular interpretation was stronger when participants heard explicit instructions that Alex uses they/them pronouns, even though participants in all conditions had ample opportunity to learn this fact through observation. Results show that the social trend to talk about pronouns has a direct impact on how language is understood.
Clock It: Solving the 3-D Chirality Problem with a 2-D Method—A Simple Algorithm for Teaching and Determining Enantiomers in General Chemistry

One of the more difficult concepts introduced in the first-year undergraduate course, general chemistry, is that of chirality. Typically, left and right hands are the common, macroscopic objects of reference used to demonstrate the quality of being nonsuperimposable, followed by the use of a mirror and molecular models, to illustrate molecular enantiomers. While this approach works well as an introduction, and the handedness model becomes more useful in organic chemistry where absolute R- and S-configuration assignment becomes necessary, it does not help the general chemistry student to determine molecular chirality or “handedness” at this basic level. Much of the difficulty stems from the representation of 3-dimensional (3-D) structures on the 2-dimensional (2-D) paper plane. While detailed flowcharts exist for molecules of varying orbital hybridization and geometry, these are more suited to advanced students in inorganic chemistry and are not designed to be mentally retained or learned. Additionally, the process of determining R- and S-configurations for carbon tetrahedral centers in organic chemistry is more complex as ligands must be ranked according to Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules. Previous publications have addressed this topic thoroughly. A simple method is presented here (called clocking) which introduces the concept of chirality for general chemistry and primes the way for more complex chirality assignments in higher level courses.
Deep Learning Classification Experiments on the Texas Colorado River Delta

The Colorado River of Texas is the longest river within Texas. The evolution of its delta is completely controlled by human intervention. To map the evolution of the delta, this study investigates suitable classification methods by WorldView 2 images. Deep learning methods such as UNet recently have made great progress in remote sensing image classification. sensing. This paper explored good practices of UNet remote sensing application for the estuary and coastal environment. This paper also discussed data augmentation for remote sensing.
Avifauna From Prehistoric Arikara Sites In South Dakota

During an approximate 15-year period from about 1950 to 1965, numerous anthropologists representing at least a dozen institutions were periodically involved in archaeological salvage of Plains site...
Aviation data networks: new avenues for flight safety

Aircraft data networks are fast becoming more of a necessity due to their support for user mobility. Many aircraft manufacturers are planning to deploy data networks within their airplanes and provide Internet connectivity to their passengers. While a data network within the aircraft, and passenger access to it, causes some security concerns, it opens up some safety enhancement opportunities. With Internet connectivity within the airplane, the activity within the airplane can be monitored in real-time from the ground station. Also, using the high bandwidth satellite links, the flight critical data could be downloaded to a server in the ground station in real-time or periodically, thereby enabling real-time flight status monitoring. In this paper, the authors review the safety enhancement opportunities that could be created from the data networks within the airplane. In addition, the authors also review the network resource requirement for the safety extensions.
A functional approach to assessing flexible ramping products' impact on electricity market

The expected increase in penetration of renewables in the upcoming decade urges the electricity market to introduce new products — in particular, flexible ramping products — to accommodate their variability and intermittency. While CAISO and MISO are leading the design, it is not clear how such products may affect the electricity market. There has been extensive works investigating the cost incurred by variability and intermittency of renewables. In this paper, however, we are specifically interested in assessing how the new products distort the optimal energy dispatch by comparing to the case without such products. Such distortion may impose additional cost, which we term as the “distortion cost”. Using a functional approach, we establish the relationship between the distortion cost and the key parameters of the new products, i.e., the up and down flexible ramping requirements. Such relationship provides valuable information in assessing the trend of the distortion cost with respect to the renewable penetration level. Fortunately, both theoretical analysis and simulation results suggest smartly choosing the parameters may significantly reduce the additional cost by avoiding the maximal distortion cost.
Essay - The Author's Name as a Trademark: A Perverse Perspective on the Moral Right of 'Paternity'?

The US Supreme Court in its 2003 decision in Dastar v. Twentieth Century Fox, construing the Lanham Federal Trademarks Act, deprived authors of their principal legal means to enforce attribution rights in the US. I have elsewhere criticized the Dastar Court's analysis, and have urged amending the Copyright Act to provide express recognition of the attribution right. This time, however, I propose to reconsider the foundation for the attribution right; I draw on literary and historical sources to supplement legal arguments concerning the meaning of the author's name. I will suggest that, contrary to the usual characterization of this right as flowing from the creative act, the attribution right also properly derives from trademark law, because the author's name gives her work a brand image that informs consumers' choices of literary and artistic works. In trademark law, the brand name identifies the entity that controls the production of the goods, who is responsible for their quality. Translated to works of authorship, this would mean that the act warranting name credit is that of controlling the carrying out of the creation, rather than of creation as such. In copyright, however, the same concept could logically lead to depriving any employed creator, as well as a fair number of freelancers, of any right to impose their names on their works, because the employer or commissioning party will usually have the last word regarding the form or content of the creation. It is therefore necessary to propose a more nuanced approach: if the creator has enjoyed autonomy in the creative process, even if the work was made on demand, the creator has engaged in intellectual labor that justifies treating the creator as the 'source' of the work. Any other approach would end up denying the role of creativity in copyright. But, as this Essay proposes to show, to reject all trademark-based rationales for attribution rights leads to other paradoxes.