cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Considering a Relational Model for Depression in Women with Postpartum Depression.

Purpose To extend testing of a relational theory that a low sense of belonging, delayed or impaired bonding, and loneliness are salient risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) in women.
Equipping Classroom Teachers for English Language Learners

The purpose of this article is to describe the Quality Educators Academy (QEA), a year-long training for K-8 classroom teachers that was funded by a NC ESEA Title II–A Improving Teacher Quality (NC QUEST) Grant. Key features of the project as well as the design and content of the training contributed to success in recruiting, retaining, and effectively training classroom teachers to work with ELLs. The authors, who implemented a QEA in North Carolina, share what they did in detail so that others interested in equipping classroom teachers with research-based best practices for meeting the needs of English language learners may learn from their efforts. This article describes key features of the project: collaboration, recruitment and selection of participants, professional development design, and training and content delivery.
Thermal maturity of the Cambria slab, an inferred trench-slope basin in central California

Well-bedded and variably deformed Upper Cretaceous strata of the Cambria slab are in contact with highly deformed melange of the Franciscan Complex along the coast of central California. Past interpretations drew an analogy between these strata and small intraslope basins that highlight modern trench slopes. We have tested this hypothesis by integrating structural data with estimates of paleotemperature, using the technique of vitrinite reflectance. The maximum burial depth for Cambria deposits was about 6.5 km, and the paleogeothermal gradient was approximately 34 °C/km. The timing of peak heating remains uncertain, however. Maturation gradients and anomalies expressed at the surface are consistent with the slope-basin model, but the Cretaceous structural architecture has been modified considerably by Cenozoic folding and faulting.
ISTP science data systems and products

The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) program will provide simultaneous coordinated scientific measurements from most of the major areas of geospace including specific locations on the Earth's surface. This paper describes the comprehensive ISTP ground science data handling system which has been developed to promote optimal mission planning and efficient data processing, analysis and distribution. The essential components of this ground system are the ISTP Central Data Handling Facility (CDHF), the Information Processing Division's Data Distribution Facility (DDF), the ISTP/Global Geospace Science (GGS) Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF) and the NASA Data Archive and Distribution Service (NDADS).
Rethinking the role of early care and education in foster care

Abstract Service integration for foster children has recently improved following scholarly recommendations (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2001) that sparked federal action to integrate child welfare services with intervention services for children with special needs, as well as with local education and Medicaid agencies ( P.L. 110-351, 2008 ). However, integration with early care and education (ECE) has lagged behind despite the potential of such efforts to help child welfare agencies fulfill their mandate to ensure children's safety, permanency, and well-being (P.L. 105-89, 1997). Research aimed at informing the integration of ECE and foster care is also lacking, as these two areas of investigation have developed along largely parallel tracks. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for understanding the potential roles that ECE can play within the foster care system that can, in turn, guide a systematic, policy-focused research agenda. We introduce the paper with a discussion of federal policy barriers to ECE and child welfare service integration, and close with a specific recommendation that the Children's Bureau and the Office of Child Care take steps to encourage research aimed at filling the knowledge gap at the intersection of these two core services for vulnerable children and families.
A super scalar sort algorithm for RISC processors

The compare and branch sequences required in a traditional sort algorithm can not efficiently exploit multiple execution units present in currently available high performance RISC processors. This is because of the long latency of the compare instructions and the sequential algorithm used in sorting. With the increased level of integration on a chip, this trend is expected to continue. We have developed new sort algorithms which eliminate almost all the compares, provide functional parallelism which can be exploited by multiple execution units, significantly reduce the number of passes through keys, and improve data locality. These new algorithms outperform traditional sort algorithms by a large factor.For the Datamation disk to disk sort benchmark (one million 100-byte records), at SIGMOD'94, Chris Nyberg et al presented several new performance records using DEC alpha processor based systems.We have implemented the Datamation sort benchmark using our new sort algorithm on a desktop IBM RS/6000 model 39H (66.6 MHz) with 8 IBM SSA 7133 disk drives (total cost $73K). The total elapsed time for the 100 MB sort was 5.1 seconds (vs the old uni-processor record of 9.1 seconds). We have also established a new price performance record (0.2¢ vs the old record of 0.9¢, as the cost of the sort). The entire sort processing was overlapped with I/O. During the read phase, we achieved a sustained BW of 47 MB/sec and during the write phase, we achieved a sustained BW of 39 MB/sec. Key extraction and sorting of one million 10-byte keys took only 0.6 second of CPU time. The rest of the CPU time was used in moving records, servicing I/O, and other overheads.Algorithmic details leading to this level of performance are described in this paper. A detailed analysis of the CPU time spent during various phases of the sort algorithm and I/O is also provided.
Fontan Conversion to One and One Half Ventricle Repair

Background In patients with a modified Fontan connection, particularly the right atrial to right ventricular connection, the pulmonary ventricle may enlarge with time. Methods Between January 1990 and December 2006, 10 patients (median age, 24 years) underwent Fontan conversion to a one and one half ventricle repair. Tricuspid atresia was the most common diagnosis (n = 7). The right atrial to right ventricular connection was present in 8 patients; 3 patients had a prior bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. Preoperative median right atrial pressure was 14 mm Hg (range, 12 to 20 mm Hg). Indications for surgery were exercise intolerance, arrhythmias, and conduit obstruction. Echocardiography showed moderate right ventricular hypoplasia, with right atrial to right ventricular regurgitation. The conversion included closure of septal defects, tricuspid valve replacement (n = 8), bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (n = 7), valved right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction (n = 2), and arrhythmia surgery (n = 6). Results There was no early mortality. There was one reoperation for residual ventricular septal defect. Prolonged chest tube drainage occurred in 2 patients. Postoperative right atrial pressure ranged from 8 to 14 mm Hg (median, 10 mm Hg; p = 0.02). Median follow-up was 8 years. There was no late mortality. Nine patients are in New York Heart Association class I or II, and 1 patient has biventricular failure and was awaiting transplantation. There were two late reoperations, 1 for thrombosis of the mechanical tricuspid valve prosthesis and 1 for obstruction of the valved right ventricular outflow tract conduit. Three patients had recurrent atrial arrhythmias requiring cardioversion. Conclusions Fontan conversion to one and one half ventricle repair is feasible in selected patients with a failing Fontan circulation. Operation can be performed with low early mortality. Arrhythmia surgery should be performed routinely. Quality of life is excellent.
Pathology of Nematospiroides dubius. I. Primary infections in C3H and Webster mice

Webster and C3H mice were given 200 Nematospiroides dubius larvae each. As early as 4 hours after oral inoculation, larvae were found in the gastrointestinal mucosa. They moved into the deepest portion of the gastric mucosa of the fundic region and provoked local gastritis in C3H mice. The larvae left the gastric mucosa within 36 hours after infection. By this time, in the mucosa of the small intestine, the adjacent tissue, including capillaries around the invading larvae, was necrotized; and newly formed thrombi were present in the lumen of the damaged vessels. The larvae encysted in the muscularis externa on the third day. Penetration of the larvae and their necrotizing substances caused local tissue destruction and inflammation in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. The lesions thus produced were milder than those provoked by the subsequent emergence (by the eighth day) of the juvenile worms and by the substances they released. After emergence of the larvae, the lesions were repaired completely within 21 days after infection. Lymphadenitis and hyperplasia of reticuloendothelial tissue in the mesenteric lymph glands, nonspecific hepatitis, and splenomegaly were assumed to be due to mechanically produced tissue damage in the intestines resulting from larval invasion, and to the allergenic factor of the substances released by the parasites.
Fabrication and characterization of composite hydrogel particles with x-ray attenuating media

This paper reports the characterization of composite hydrogel particles by using a novel fabrication method, which produces the X-ray attenuating media with particle varying size and shape for computed tomography (CT) imaging. The rheological testing demonstrated tunable mechanical properties of composite hydrogel based on UV crosslinking time. The leakage testing verified longer stability time of gold nanoparticle-based X-ray attenuating media. In contradistinction to the currently clinically available iodinated CT contrast agents, as well as recently developed nanoparticulate CT contrast agents, the approach presented herein yields an engineering flexibility to the design of CT contrast agents for specific imaging and sensing applications.
Theory of contrasting spin dynamics in YBa2Cu3O7-δ and La2-xSrxCuO4

Abstract We demonstrate that the commensurate peaks observed in neutron experiments on YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ and the incommensurate structure found for La 2−x Sr x CuO 4 reflect differences in the fermiology of these two cuprates. Strong Coulomb effects, responsible for the Mott insulating parent compound, are essential for our analysis. Agreement with the q and ω, T dependence of the neutron cross section is found as a function of hole concentration for both cuprates, provided antiferromagnetic exchange interactions of moderate strength are included.
Structural and cytochemical features of the sperm of the cephalopod Octopus bimaculatus.

The aboral region of the spermatophore of the cephalopod Octopus bimaculatus consists of three layers which surround a highly coiled sperm mass. Groups of filamentous spermatozoa, oriented head to tail, are embedded within the flocculent matrix of the sperm mass. The screw-shaped acrosome of the spermatozoon is composed of a granular substance, aggregated at periodic intervals to form striations that are situated perpendicular to the long axis of the sperm. Surrounding the acrosome is a granulofibrillar substance (periacrosomal material). The nucleus is a long cylindrical structure surrounding a PAS-positive rod (extranuclear rod) which ends blindly in its anterior region. The extranuclear rod lies in a lumen bounded by the nuclear envelope. At the base of the nucleus is a centriolar fossa containing a centriole embedded in a fibrous matrix. Extending from the centriole is the axial filament complex, surrounded by nine outer fibers that course through the major portion of the sperm tail. The middle piece is composed of a number of columns of mitochondria which are circumferentially positioned around the anterior region of the sperm tail. The posterior limit of the middle piece is marked by an annulus of electron opaque material. Glycogen particles fill the intracellular space between the plasma membrane and the outer fibers of the sperm tail.
Open-source products for a lighting experiment device

The capabilities of open-source software and microcontrollers were used to construct a device for controlled lighting experiments. The device was designed to ascertain whether individuals with certain color vision deficiencies were able to discriminate between the red and white lights in fielded systems on the basis of luminous intensity. The device provided the ability to control the timing and duration of light-emitting diode (LED) and incandescent light stimulus presentations, to present the experimental sequence and verbal instructions automatically, to adjust LED and incandescent luminous intensity, and to display LED and incandescent lights with various spectral emissions. The lighting device could easily be adapted for experiments involving flashing or timed presentations of colored lights, or the components could be expanded to study areas such as threshold light perception and visual alerting systems.
Selections from current literature: PSA screening for prostate cancer

Prostate cancer has been the focus of several recent reports in the US news media.Additional attention has been focused on this issue due to the disclosure by several prominent US individuals that they have or have had prostate cancer. These include US presidential candidate, Senator Robert Dole, Gulf War hero, retired General Norman Schwarzkopf and the billionaire financier Michael Milken. Such specific cases highlight the fact that prostate cancer—'the man's cancer'—has risen sharply both in incidence and prevalence over the last few years. In men, prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in the US and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. In 1996, it is estimated that there will be 317 100 new cases and 41 400 deaths as a result of prostate cancer in the US. The lifetime probability of a man developing prostate cancer is one in five. Currently the adjusted death rate from this disease among men living in industrialized countries of the world is greater than 15 per 100 000 population. What has caused this epidemic? A partial answer is the use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a screening test which has led to the diagnosis of many cancers that would have otherwise have remained undiagnosed, and never become clinically significant. This then leads to the question now being debated in the literature, fuelled by contradictory guidelines from several highly respected agencies: to screen or not to screen with PSA? The American Cancer Society (ACS) and the American Urological Association (AUA) currently recommend annual PSA testing for all men aged 50 years and older. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination (CTF) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) all recommend against routine PSA screening in asymptomatic men. Furthermore, the recently published guidelines by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) also recommend against routine PSA screening.
Modeling and experiment of future hearing aid device

During the past few years, many new technologies have been introduced to hearing aids for a better performance. Recently, we proposed an implantable piezoelectric hearing aid. The simulation of our hearing aid is presented with a detail study of its physical properties. However, an accurate experimental study of its performance is needed. Vibration frequency is a major factor that affects the quality of a hearing aid. Among various of existing measurement technologies, laser measurement is always considered to be a precise approach for measuring the frequency properties for MEMS (micro-mechanical-electrical-system) devices. In this paper, a piezoelectric transducer used as hearing aid speaker is demonstrated and an optical measurement method for frequency measurement of our device is discussed in detail. Our measurement system is based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer system. Experimental results show that the vibration of our sample can be accurately detected using a laser beam and spectrum analyzer. The vibration frequency is calculated by measuring the intensity variance. This system aims to provide a simultaneous optical measurement with high accuracy.
Hydrogeology and pedology of saprolite formed from sedimentary rock, eastern Tennessee, USA

Abstract Groundwater flow in sedimentary rock saprolite, and in soils derived from this material, is strongly influenced by sedimentary layering and fractures inherited from the parent bedrock. The main objectives of this study were to determine whether parent bedrock lithology and infilling of fractures and other macropores with pedogenically derived clays and Fe/Mn oxides also play major roles in controlling hydraulic conductivity and groundwater flow. The study was carried out by measuring profiles of saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, Ksat and K(ψ), and comparing them to soil and saprolite pedology and lithology in a 3.4 m deep pit excavated in interbedded limestone and shale saprolite. In the depth interval of 50 to 100 cm, there was an abrupt decline in Ksat and K(0) by a factor of up to 250. This corresponds to the occurrence of a zone where almost all of the fractures and other macropores are occluded with pedogenic clays and Fe/Mn oxides. Below a depth of 100 cm, both degree of pore infilling and hydraulic conductivity tend to vary, with a spatial regularity that is similar to the thickness of sedimentary layering in the saprolite. However, variations in hydraulic conductivity do not always correspond to changes in lithology, suggesting that hydraulic conductivity is a result of the complex interaction of several factors, including parent bedrock lithology and the degree of infilling of the macropores. Similarities between hydrogeologic conditions at this site and at research sites in weathered sedimentary shale/siltstone and carbonate rock settings at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee and in weathered crystalline rock in North Carolina indicate that macropore infilling plays an important role in controlling hydraulic conductivity and groundwater flow for a variety of different types of parent bedrock.
Characterization and phylogenetic distribution of a chloroplast DNA rearrangement in theBerberidaceae

Restriction site maps and a clone bank of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) ofMahonia higginsae (Munz)Ahrendt (Berberidaceae) were constructed. The size ofMahonia cpDNA was about 167 kb. Precise mapping using gene probes revealed that cpDNA ofM. higginsae has an inverted repeat (IR) 11.5 kb larger than the tobacco IR. The expansion of the IR into the large single copy region has resulted in the duplication of at least ten genes includingpsbB. The phylogenetic distribution of the expanded IR was examined in twenty-five species ofBerberis andMahonia, twenty species representing the fifteen remaining genera of theBerberidaceae, and four species from four allied families. Our survey indicates that only the species of the closely related generaBerberis andMahonia share the 11.5kb expansion of IR. This result supports their close phylogenetic relationship, which has been suggested previously by chromosomal, morphological, and serological data.
A rigorous solution to the low-frequency breakdown in full-wave finite-element-based analysis of general problems involving inhomogeneous lossy dielectrics and non-ideal conductors

State-of-the-art methods for solving the low-frequency breakdown problem of full-wave solvers rely on low-frequency approximations, the accuracy of which is a great concern. A rigorous method is developed in this work to fundamentally eliminate the low frequency breakdown problem for full-wave finite-element based analysis of general 3-D problems involving inhomogeneous lossy dielectrics and non-ideal conductors. In this method, the frequency dependence of the solution to Maxwell's equations is explicitly derived from DC to any high frequency. The rigor of the proposed method has been validated by the analysis of realistic on-chip circuits at frequencies as low as DC. Moreover, the proposed method is applicable to both low and high frequencies, and hence constituting a universal solution to Maxwell's equations in a full electromagnetic spectrum.
Repeat Offenders: Reprinting Visual Satire Across France’s Long Eighteenth Century

Dans cet article, nous nous penchons sur deux caricatures francaises du XVIIIe siecle et sur leurs differents tirages parus au courant des XVIIIe et XIXe siecles : Triomphe des Arts Modernes ou Carnaval de Jupiter, d’auteur inconnu, et L’Assemblee de Brocanteurs, attribuee au comte de Caylus. Empruntant aux methodologies des etudes de la culture materielle et visuelle, nous examinons la signification cachee du geste editorial qui consiste a produire de nouveaux tirages de ces plaques de cuivre, geste riche de similarites avec la nature meme de la satire et avec la materialite de l’estampe. En dechiffrant l’iconographie dense de chaque image et en examinant les differences dans le fonctionnement de chaque estampe selon la date du tirage, nous traitons de la tendance de ces caricatures a citer de facon parasitique les cibles de leurs attaques. Par ailleurs, nous mobilisons l’interpretation de Miriam Hansen de l’essai de Walter Benjamin, « L’Oeuvre d’art a l’epoque de sa reproductibilite technique », afin d’analyser l’importance de la materialite de l’estampe par rapport au statut de chaque nouveau tirage et de reflechir aux notions d’« image » vs « chose », et d’eloignement vs proximite.
Effect of chilling on antioxidant enzymes and DPPH‐radical scavenging activity of high‐ and low‐vigour cucumber seedling radicles

The chilling tolerance of cucumber seedling radicles was influenced by their relative levels of vigour. Radicles of high-vigour seedlings grew to 20 mm in length in 36 h at 25 ° C, whereas it took 60 h for low-vigour seedling radicles to reach that length. Chilling at 2·5 ° ° ° C for 48 h inhibited the subsequent growth of high- and low-vigour seedlings by 39 and 68%, respectively. The 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) viability index, and α , α -diphenyl- β -picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging activity were higher in high than low-vigour radicles. Higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and recovery of CAT activity after chilling in high-vigour radicles corresponded with their higher level of chilling tolerance in comparison with low-vigour radicles. In contrast, elevated levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase appear to be correlated with chilling injury since they only showed substantial increases in activity in the more chillingsensitive low-vigour radicles after chilling. Manipulation of APX, CAT, and/or DPPH activity could produce plants with superior and persistent chilling tolerance.
Constant Capacity in an Immediate Serial-Recall Task A Logical Sequel to Miller (1956)

We assessed a hypothesis that working memory capacity should include a constant number of separate mental units, or chunks (cf. Miller, 1956). Because of the practical difficulty of measuring chunks, this hypothesis has not been tested previously, despite wide attention to Miller's article. We used a training procedure to manipulate the strength of associations between pairs of words to be included in an immediate serial-recall task. Although the amount of training on associations clearly increased the availability of two-item chunks and therefore the number of items correct in list recall, the number of total chunks recalled (singletons plus two-word chunks) appeared to remain approximately constant across association strengths, supporting a hypothesis of constant capacity.
Toxicity Responses of Herbaceous and Woody Ornamental Plants to Chlorine and Hydrogen Dioxides

Regular and excessive rates of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and hydrogen dioxide (H2O2) were sprayed five times at 3-day intervals on eight bedding plant and nine shrub species to determine if plant damage would result. Marketability was judged to be reduced if >4% surface area of leaves and/or flowers were adversely affected. Rates of 5 and 50 ppm ClO2 and 900 and 2700 ppm H2O2 did not damage most plants tested and will likely control most common pathogen propagules. Rates of 100 ppm ClO2 and 5400 ppm H2O2 did not damage most plants tested if sprayed less than four consecutive times and should control some of the more chemical-tolerant pathogens.
Characterisation of [3H]-Darifenacin as a Novel Radioligand for the Study of Muscarinic M3 Receptors

AbstractDarifenacin, (S)-2-[1-[2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide, is a novel muscarinic M3 antagonist. In this study we have compared the binding of [3H]-darifenacin to the five cloned human muscarinic receptors (m1 - m5) expressed in CHO cells. [3H]-darifenacin binds with 6 fold higher affinity to m3 (KD = 0.33 nmol/l) over m1 (KD = 1.6 nmol/l) receptors. There was no specific binding of [3H]-darifenacin to m2 receptors and specific binding to m4 and m5 receptors was insufficient to determine a KD. Binding of [3H]-darifenacin to m1 and m3 was displaced by atropine (m1 pKi = 9.36, m3 pKi = 9.4), 4-DAMP (m1 pKi = 9.04, m3 pKi = 9.19), pirenzepine (m1 pKi = 8.63, m3 pKi = 6.85), methoctramine (m1 pKi = 7.28, m3 pKi = 6.63), and darifenacin (m1 pKi = 8.36, m3 pKi = 9.14), demonstrating that [3H]-darifenacin represents the first selective m3 radioligand.
ARE NECK NODAL VOLUMES DRAWN ON CT SLICES COVERED BY STANDARD THREE-FIELD TECHNIQUE?

Abstract Purpose Several definitions have been proposed in the past few years on how to contour the various neck nodal levels on CT slices. However, whether the resulting nodal volumes would have been covered by standard techniques is unknown. The purpose of this study was to clarify this issue. Methods and materials Eight patients (N0–N1) with head-and-neck cancer from various primary sites referred to us for definitive radiotherapy were included in this study. Two observers contoured the level Ib–V neck nodal volumes on planning CT according to seven reported definitions. Each observer also drew blocks on digitally reconstructed radiographs for the initial (on-cord) phase of a standard three-field technique (parallel opposed lateral fields and AP supraclavicular field) for three different clinical settings: "medium" larynx (to cover upper, mid, and low jugular nodes), "big" larynx (same as for medium, plus posterior cervical nodes), and "tonsil" (same as for big plus retropharyngeal nodes). Fields blocks were concentrically reduced 5 mm in all directions as a surrogate for the clinical target volume to planning target volume expansion. A plan was created for each of the clinical settings, delivering 2 Gy to the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements reference point. The coverage of the nodal levels according to the various definitions was investigated throughout the analysis of the volume receiving 50%, 80%, and 95% of the prescribed dose (V 50 , V 80 , and V 95 , respectively) and dose covering at least 95% of the volume (D 95 ) values extracted from their cumulative dose–volume histograms in the three clinical settings. Results The V 50 coverage of levels III and IV was adequate for all definitions and trials. For level V, about 3–5% of the volume was outside the 50% isodose of those trials that targeted the posterior cervical chain. Coverage of level Ib was highly dependent on the definition, with up to 21% of the volume outside the standard tonsillar fields. For level II, although the 50% isodose from the tonsillar fields seemed to encompass all definitions, this was not the case for the laryngeal trials. Overall, we found 20–30% of the volumes to be outside the 95% isodose, with larger percentages for levels II and V. Similarly the D 95 results showed all volumes to be underdosed; only about 45% and 65% of levels II and V, on average, received 95% of the prescription dose. Conclusion Within three different clinical settings, we showed that the current definitions provide nodal neck volumes that often fall outside the 50% and 95% isodose lines of the standard three-field technique. Because these volumes are routinely used to define nodal neck volumes for intensity-modulated radiotherapy, the dose-volume objectives of intensity-modulated radiotherapy may not be consistent with those traditionally achieved by the standard three-field technique.
Percutaneous coronary intervention of culprit and non-culprit coronary arteries in acute ST-elevation MI may improve outcomes

Commentary on: Wald DS, Morris JK, Wald NJ, et al. Randomised trial of preventive angioplasty in myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1115–23.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] The paramount goal of the treatment for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the emergent restoration of blood flow through percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the infarct-related or ‘culprit artery’, generally identified as an occluded vessel from a thrombotic lesion. However, multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is frequently present in patients with STEMI and portends a worse prognosis. The optimal revascularisation strategy for non-culprit coronary lesions in STEMI is unclear.1 The current American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology guidelines advise against PCI of non-infarct vessels in the acute setting unless haemodynamic compromise is present, owing to a lack of evidence for its benefit in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DN%2BEngl%2BJ%2BMed%26rft.volume%253D369%26rft.spage%253D1115%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1305520%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23991625%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1305520&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23991625&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F19%2F3%2F96.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000324554800009&link_type=ISI
Citizen Information, Electoral Incentives, and Provision of Counter-Terrorism: An Experimental Approach

How does incomplete information about counter-terror provisions influence the strategic interaction between a government, terrorist groups, and the citizenry? We investigate this research question using a laboratory experiment and present two key findings. (1) Public counter-terror spending leads citizens to overly frequent “protected” targets such that it makes them easier targets for terrorists. (2) Additionally, we show that citizens over-estimate government counter-terror spending when they are unable to observe it. These findings suggest that asymmetric information and the small probability of a successful terrorist attack may lead to the inefficient provision of counter-terror. We also connect the findings to the larger literature on the principal-agent relationship between citizens and elected officials.
Multistability and associative memory in a phase-conjugating resonator

I derive and analyze coupled-mode equations for a double phase-conjugating resonator that is loaded with a volume-holographic recording medium in which multiplexed images have been stored. If the only nonlinearity present is the saturating gain of the conjugators, there is no multistability: The most deeply imprinted image always wins the competition for saturation. If several images are imprinted with equal depth, any slowly varying superposition of these images is neutrally stable. However, if a nonlinearity, arising from a space-charge-dependent cubic polarization, is present the resonator does exhibit multiple basins of stability that correspond to the faithful reconstruction of each stored image. The momentary injection of an initial image will tip the system into the basin that corresponds to the stored image that it most closely resembles, even if that image is not the most deeply imprinted one.
Characterization of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Bone Marrow of Pig-Tailed Macaques

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), one of two types of bone marrow (BM)-derived blood DCs, play an important role in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. However, little is known about the nature of pDCs that reside in the BM. Because the simian immunodeficiency virus-macaque model closely mimics human immunodeficiency virus disease in humans, with both infections inducing a decrease in pDCs, we characterized and compared pDCs in the BM with those in peripheral blood (PB) of healthy pig-tailed macaques. The results revealed that pDCs from both compartments had the same CD123++ HLA-DR+ Lin− phenotype and were similar in size. Although BM-derived pDCs (BM-pDCs) were 3-fold greater in frequency and 10-fold greater in number, they had lower cell surface expression of both HLA-DR and the costimulatory molecule CD86 than did PB-pDCs. Both BM- and PB-pDCs responded ex vivo to synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and inactivated influenza virus by upregulating HLA-DR and CD86 and secreting cytokines; however, stimulated BM-pDCs secreted less alpha interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha per cell than did PB-pDCs. These results suggest that while BM-pDCs appear to be phenotypically less mature than PB-pDCs, they do respond to pathogens. Thus, during acute infections, these cells could initiate immune responses either in the BM or after rapidly migrating from the BM into the periphery. A better characterization of pDCs in blood and tissues will be beneficial for future studies of macaques that focus on either pathogenesis or vaccine development.
Distributed selective dissemination of information

To help users cope with information overload, selective dissemination of information (SDI) will increasingly become an important tool in wide area information systems. In an SDI service, users post their long term queries, called profiles, at some SDI servers and continuously receive new, filtered documents. To scale up with the volume of information and the size of user population, we need a distributed SDI service with multiple servers. In this paper we first address the key problem of how to replicate and distribute profiles and documents among SDI servers. We draw a parallel between distributed SDT and the well-studied replica control problem, adapt quorum-based protocols for use in distributed SDI, and compare the performances of the different protocols. Next we address another important problem, that of efficient document delivery mechanisms. We present and evaluate a practical scheme, called profile grouping, which exploits the geographical locality of users to cut down network traffic generated by document delivery, Finally, we carry out a sensitivity analysis to determine the parameters that have critical impact on performance, and investigate strategies to cope with the scaling up of those parameters. >
Thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of SRM-735

The thermal conductivity of an austenitic stainless steel standard (SRM-735) was measured in two apparatus over the combined temperature range from 20 K to 970 K and found to be within the uncertainty band claimed by the NBS above 60 K. The results were in error by as much as 4% below 60 K because of limited sensitivity of the detection instrument and low sensitivity of the thermocouples. The electrical resistivity results were within the uncertainty claimed for the standard.
Translating an evidence-based lifestyle intervention program into primary care: lessons learned.

The E-LITE (Evaluation of Lifestyle Interventions to Treat Elevated Cardiometabolic Risk in Primary Care) trial evaluated the feasibility and potential effectiveness of translating an evidence-based lifestyle intervention for the management of obesity and related risk factors in a primary care setting. Delivered by allied health care providers, the intervention promoted at least 7% weight loss and at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity through gradual, sustainable lifestyle changes. Activities included interactive group lessons, food tasting, guided physical activity, and technology-mediated self-monitoring and behavioral counseling. This article discusses insights and potential areas for improvement to strengthen program implementation for dissemination of the E-LITE program to other primary care settings. We focus on (a) the role of allied health professionals in program delivery, (b) strengthening program integration within a primary care clinic, and (c) the use of inform...
Characterization of medicinal Senna genetic resources

At 50% maturity, regenerating Senna species were characterized for morphological traits, seed reproduction, and evaluated for regeneration. Quality plants regenerated from all accessions produced 1018 to more than 21,215 total seeds. Principal component analysis revealed which traits contributed the greatest to variability among coffee senna accessions. Senna species have potential to produce pharmaceutical products and can be grown as medicinal plants. The flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol found in Senna species have been clinically shown to have anti-pancreatic cancer properties.
PVSIM/sub C/: a simulation program for photovoltaic cells, modules, and arrays

An electrical simulation model for photovoltaic cells, modules and arrays has been developed that will be useful to a wide range of analysts in the photovoltaic industry. The Microsoft(R) Windows/sup TM/ based program can be used to analyze individual cells, to analyze the effects of cell mismatch or reverse bias ("hot spot") heating in modules, and to analyze the performance of large arrays of modules including bypass and blocking diodes. User defined statistical variance can be applied to the fundamental parameters used to simulate the cells and diodes. The model is most appropriate for cells that can be accurately modeled using a two-diode equivalent circuit. This paper describes the simulation program and illustrates its versatility with examples.
Submillimeter-wavelength heterodyne spectroscopy and remote sensing of the upper atmosphere

The use of remote sensing based on heterodyne spectroscopy at submillimeter wavelengths to monitor changes and study processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere is discussed. An experiment for this purpose, performing measurements in spectral bands near 63, 183, and 205 GHz and now operational on the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), is described. An experiment which includes measurements in spectral bands up to 2.5 THz, being studied for future Earth observation systems, is briefly discussed. >
Age‐related thickness of the penile tunica albuginea

The thickness of the fibrous connective tissue sheath around the corpus cavernosum was measured in a population of 41 men aged 30–90 years. Specimens were obtained from embalmed cadavers and compared with tissue from fresh cadavers. Sections of tissue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, or VerHoeff-Van Gieson's to show the connective tissue in the best manner. The thickness was correlated with the presence of inflammation and/ or fibrosis and showed an age-dependent thinning after the sixth decade of life. The results are related to the age occurrence of Peyronie's disease and the possibility of men with chronic thickening of the tunica albuginea having a predisposition toward developing the disease.
Forecasting Earth's magnetopause, magnetosheath, and bow shock

The magnetopause and bow shock are two of the most important discontinuities in near Earth space, separating three distinct plasma regimes: the solar wind, magnetosheath, and the magnetosphere. Both discontinuities are sensitive to the solar wind conditions. They change their shape and location in space in response to upstream solar wind variations. Prediction of the location of a satellite relative to these two boundaries helps satellite operators to be prepared for major changes in plasma condition. The physical conditions near the magnetopause are useful information for magnetospheric models. Over the past decades, our observational knowledge and physical understanding of these regions have been advanced significantly. We have developed the capability of prediction. The location of the magnetopause and its dependence on the upstream conditions can be relatively accurately predicted. Prediction models have been tested extensively. The success rate is extremely high and the false-alarm rate is relatively low. A magnetosheath prediction model has been developed and tested. Some of the magnetosheath quantities can often be predicted fairly accurately. Others may have slightly larger errors. Further tests and scientific investigations of the causes of these errors are under way. Our ability to predict the location of the bow shock is very limited. More research is needed.
Sustainable fisheries management in the Great Lakes: Scientific and operational challenges

Fisheries managers seek to sustain Great Lakes' fish populations in a large, complex lake-watershed ecosystem responding to often competing issues: non-indigenous species, resource allocation and environmental quality. Within the past 200 years, human activity has caused dramatic changes in the character of this ecosystem. Before the 1900s, the offshore fish communities in each of the Great Lakes were dominated by the piscivorous lake trout and burbot. The current fish fauna of the Great Lakes' basin includes 179 species representing 29 families in 18 orders and two classes of fish. Twenty-five non-indigenous fish species have established populations in the Great Lakes' ecosystem. Sustainable management of Great Lakes' fisheries depends on social, economic and ecological factors. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent annually to protect and preserve Great Lakes' fisheries and their associated ecosystems. Management of Great Lakes' fisheries on a species-by-species basis is pointless. Recreational fishing provides larger economic benefits on the Great Lakes, compared to commercial fisheries. Further, quota management, even when practiced at levels well below maximum sustainable yield, does not lead to stable fish communities. Management will be constrained more by ecological reality than by economic forces, but ultimately a managed system comprised of both indigenous and non-indigenous fishes is a logical objective.
Research and development intensity and performance

The relationship between research and development intensity was explored as measured by research and development (R&D) expenditures per employee and several performance variables such as annual sales per employee, asset turn-over, and return on assets. Two exogenous variables are used to control for size, size of firm measured by total assets and risk-taking behavior of the firm measured by debt-equity ratio. The sample was obtained from the Compustat data file for the year 1985, and is restricted to manufacturing firms which report their annual R&D expenditures. The sample consists of 524 firms. R&D expenditures have a positive impact on sales per employee and on return on assets. However, R&D expenditures per employee have a negative impact on asset turn-over. The results of this study suggest that asset turn-over should no longer be viewed as a performance variable. Instead, asset turn-over should be viewed as an intervening variable, as used in this study. >
Student Attitudes on Academic Integrity Violations.

The purpose of this study is to assess college students' perceptions on the level of seriousness of academic integrity violations.
Auxetic fibre networks and their composites

The growing interest in the field of negative Poisson's ratio materials is motivated by the attractive mechanical properties of these materials and the potential enhancements that might be derived from replacing a positive Poisson's ratio component with its auxetic counterpart. In this paper we report on preliminary results of an ongoing experimental study to test the hypothesis that an auxetic composite can be produced by embedding an auxetic fibre network within a conventional (positive Poisson's ratio) matrix. First we present results of tensile tests performed on samples of compressed mats of sintered stainless steel fibres which are known to have a negative Poisson's ratio out-of-plane. Next we present results of mechanical tests and imaging studies on composite samples made by infusing the stainless steel mats with a polymer. Finally we report on the auxetic behaviour observed in some polymer nanocomposites with a high loading of carbon nanofibers. We conjecture that the embedded nanofibers form an effective network and, like the stainless steel mats, the compression of the samples during fabrication renders the embedded networks auxetic. The compliance of the polymer matrix relative to the nanofiber network results in an auxetic composite. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and the potential for developing new auxetic composites with auxetic fibre networks as the reinforcing phase.
Over-the-Counter Oral Phenylephrine: A Placebo for Nasal Congestion

The category of over-the counter (OTC) [nonprescription] drugs was established in the United States in 1951 by the Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The Kefauver-Harris Amendments to the Act required proof of efficacy for all drugs (prescription and nonprescription) approved after 1938. OTC drugs are marketed under regulations that established a monograph approval process, as well as the New Drug Application process. During the 1970s, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) convened panels of experts to review the efficacy and safety of OTC products on the market. The panel on Cough, Cold and Allergy Products determined that phenylephrine (PE) and pseudoephedrine were safe and effective for treating nasal congestion. A final OTC Nasal Decongestant Drugs Products monograph was published in 1994. Manufacturers can market the drugs listed in the monograph, alone or in combination, as long as the ingredients, dosage, and instructions for use list exactly what is required in the monograph. Even though phenylpropanolamine was effective, it was not included in the final monograph because of safety concerns about hemorrhagic strokes primarily when used as an OTC appetite suppressant. Because of the widespread use of pseudoephedrine to illegally make methamphetamine, Congress attached an amendment to the Patriot Act, the Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act, placing it “behind the counter” and requiring a photo identification and log of the transaction. This removed pseudoephedrine-containing products (Sudafed and others) from grocery and convenience stores, as well as from “in front of the counter” in pharmacies. The use of PE increased dramatically after 2004, presumably because it was the only “in front of the counter” OTC option. In 2005, we reviewed the existing evidence and questioned whether PE was effective at the FDA-approved dose of 10 mg. Subsequently, we undertook a meta-analysis