cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatic mRNA levels for the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase show coordinate regulation in vivo

A sensitive solution hybridization assay using autologous cRNA probes was developed with the aim to study the simultaneous regulation of hepatic mRNA levels, on a quantitative basis, for the LDL receptor (LDLr), HMG-CoA reductase, and cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cho-7-hx) in C57BL/6J mice. With the purpose to suppress and stimulate transcript levels respectively, animals received established high fat diets, cholesterol-enriched diets, and a diet supplemented with mevinolin and colestipol. One hundred nineteen animals were investigated in six separate experiments. In spite of an eightfold increase in hepatic cholesterol induced by a high fat diet, the LDLr and the HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels were only reduced to 60-70% and 25-50% of control values, respectively. When the data from all animals were analyzed, a strong positive correlation was obtained between the mRNA levels for the LDLr and HMG-CoA reductase (r = 0.79, P less than 0.001). A significant relation remained when control animals only were analyzed (n = 42, r = 0.59, P less than 0.001). Cho-7-hx mRNA showed a regulatory pattern that differed from that of the LDLr and HMG-CoA reductase; feeding cholesterol at 1.7% and 5% but not at 0.4% elevated the mRNA levels for Cho-7-hx while the LDLr and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels were maximally suppressed already at 0.4% of dietary cholesterol. The results show that the mRNA levels for the LDLr and HMG-CoA reductase are regulated in parallel in the liver in vivo during various metabolic perturbations as well as at normal physiologic conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Picosecond ion pulses from an EN tandem created by a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser

Abstract As the James R. Macdonald Laboratory at Kansas State University continues its transformation from an ion collisions facility to an ultrafast laser/ion collisions facility, we are looking for novel ways to combine our traditional accelerator expertise with our new laser capabilities. One such combination is to produce picosecond pulses of stripping gas ions in the high energy accelerating tube of our EN tandem by directing ∼100 fs, sub-milliJoule laser pulses up the high energy end of the tandem toward a focusing mirror at the terminal. Ion pulses from both stripping and residual gas have been produced and identified, with pulse widths thus far on the order of a nanosecond. This width represents an upper limit, as it is dominated by pulse-to-pulse jitter in the ion time-of-flight (TOF) and is therefore not a true representation of the actual pulse width. In this paper, we describe the development process and report on the results to date. Conditions limiting the minimum temporal pulse width, such as tandem terminal ripple, thermal motion of the gas and space charge effects, are also outlined.
Risk area and infarct area relations in the hypertensive stroke-prone rat.

Our purpose was to characterize the surface area of the infarct and the surface area at risk of infarction as defined spatially by arterial anastomoses to determine whether position, size, or shape of the infarct and the area at risk were related in stroke-prone rats or hybrid rats. Stroke-prone rats (n = 18; mean +/- SEM blood pressure, 182 +/- 8 mm Hg) and hybrid rats (n = 18; mean +/- SEM blood pressure, 147 +/- 6 mm Hg; p < 0.05) were anesthetized and the left middle cerebral artery was occluded with a ligature. The rats were killed 7 days later, arterial anastomoses were made visible with latex, the brains were fixed in formalin, and film recorded the infarct and anastomoses. Anastomoses and infarcts were digitized for measurements of risk area, luminal width, and infarct area. Mean risk area was similar in size, length, width, and variability in stroke-prone rats (area, 85 +/- 5 mm2) and hybrid rats (area, 84 +/- 7 mm2; p > 0.05), whereas mean infarct area was larger, longer, wider, and less variable in stroke-prone rats (area, 53 +/- 6 mm2) than in hybrid rats (area, 15 +/- 11 mm2; p < 0.05). Infarct length was appreciably greater than infarct width in both groups, indicating that infarct shape was not amorphous. Spatial overlap maps indicated that the infarct area common to all stroke-prone rats was positioned centrally in the risk area and was surrounded by a variable infarct area, which indicated that the likelihood of infarction increased with distance from the anastomoses. Shape factors for both risk area and infarct area were significantly different within each rat group, which indicated that infarct shape did not uniformly parallel the anastomotic sites that determined risk area shape (p < 0.05). Risk area anastomoses and border zone width were linearly correlated in size and both were significantly wider in hybrid rats than in stroke-prone rats (p < 0.05), which suggests that the narrower border zone tissue was perfused by narrower anastomoses. We conclude that the position of the infarct within the risk area relates to luminal widths of conterminous anastomoses that define the risk area, but not to the size or shape of the area at risk of infarction defined spatially by the anastomoses.
Structure Computation of Quiet Spike™ Flight-Test Data During Envelope Expansion

System identification or mathematical modeling is used in the aerospace community for development of simulation models for robust control law design. These models are often described as linear time-invariant processes. Nevertheless, it is well known that the underlying process is often nonlinear. The reason for using a linear approach has been due to the lack of a proper set of tools for the identification of nonlinear systems. Over the past several decades, the controls and biomedical communities have made great advances in developing tools for the identification of nonlinear systems. These approaches are robust and readily applicable to aerospace systems. In this paper, we show the application of one such nonlinear system identification technique, structure detection, for the analysis of F-15B Quiet Spike(TradeMark) aeroservoelastic flight-test data. Structure detection is concerned with the selection of a subset of candidate terms that best describe the observed output. This is a necessary procedure to compute an efficient system description that may afford greater insight into the functionality of the system or a simpler controller design. Structure computation as a tool for black-box modeling may be of critical importance for the development of robust parsimonious models for the flight-test community. Moreover, this approach may lead to efficient strategies for rapid envelope expansion, which may save significant development time and costs. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate via analysis of F-15B Quiet Spike aeroservoelastic flight-test data for several flight conditions that 1) linear models are inefficient for modeling aeroservoelastic data, 2) nonlinear identification provides a parsimonious model description while providing a high percent fit for cross-validated data, and 3) the model structure and parameters vary as the flight condition is altered.
Experiencing Racialization: Digital Ethnography as Professional Development for Teachers

Teacher education programs have the task of preparing teacher candidates for classrooms that are increasingly heterogeneous in terms of the ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and linguistic diversity of the learners. These programs are required by their accreditation agencies, at both the state and national level, to equip teacher candidates with the competencies to meet the academic needs of said learners. This chapter examines how one preparation course is implementing an analytical project to better prepare teacher candidates to transform both their thinking and comfort level in talking about the construct of race. It begins with a discussion of how racialization occurs for teacher candidates, and then it discusses the meanings that such racialization has for the process of teaching and learning. A Digital Ethnography project is then presented as a useful technique to help these candidates work through their views about the phenomenon of racialization.
The forces that position a mitotic spindle asymmetrically are tethered until after the time of spindle assembly

Regulation of the mitotic spindle's position is important for cells to divide asymmetrically. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans embryos to provide the first analysis of the temporal regulation of forces that asymmetrically position a mitotic spindle. We find that asymmetric pulling forces, regulated by cortical PAR proteins, begin to act as early as prophase and prometaphase, even before the spindle forms and shifts to a posterior position. The spindle does not shift asymmetrically during these early phases due to a tethering force, mediated by astral microtubules that reach the anterior cell cortex. We show that this tether is normally released after spindle assembly and independently of anaphase entry. Monitoring microtubule dynamics by photobleaching segments of microtubules during anaphase revealed that spindle microtubules do not undergo significant poleward flux in C. elegans. Together with the known absence of anaphase A, these data suggest that the major forces contributing to chromosome separation during anaphase originate outside the spindle. We propose that the forces positioning the mitotic spindle asymmetrically are tethered until after the time of spindle assembly and that these same forces are used later to drive chromosome segregation at anaphase.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Pediatric Abdominal Masses

Ultrasound is a noninvasive imaging modality that aids in diagnosis without the potentially damaging effects of ionizing radiation, a particularly important consideration in the evaluation of pediatric patients. Ultrasound is widely available, easy to use, and reliable; it is therefore the imaging method of choice in evaluating most known or suspected abdominal masses in neonates or older children. This article focuses on the clinical and sonographic features of selected common abdominal masses in infants and children. The authors highlight the important clinical characteristics of these abdominal masses and specific sonographic imaging features that allow clinicians to differentiate among the common abdominal masses in pediatric patients.
Lifetime associations between cannabis, use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks in a representative sample

Abstract Background The present investigation evaluated lifetime associations between cannabis use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks after controlling for alcohol abuse, polysubstance use, and demographic variables. Methods Data for this study were obtained as part of a large statewide survey, the Colorado Social Health Survey (CSHS). Participants were contacted using randomly sampled household addresses (72% response rate) and interviews took place in participants’ homes. Participants consisted of a representative sample from the Colorado general adult population (n = 4745; 52% female). The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was administered to obtain diagnoses. Results After controlling for polysubstance use, alcohol abuse, and demographic variables, lifetime history of cannabis dependence, but not use or abuse, was significantly related to an increased risk of panic attacks. Additionally, among participants reporting a lifetime history of both panic attacks and cannabis use, the age of onset of panic attacks (M = 19.0 years of age) was significantly earlier than for individuals with a lifetime panic attack history but no cannabis use (M = 27.6 years of age). Conclusions Structured interview data suggest lifetime cannabis dependence is significantly associated with an increased risk of panic attacks.
Compressed sensing with sequential observations

Compressed sensing allows perfect recovery of sparse signals (or signals sparse in some basis) using only a small number of measurements. The results in the literature have focused on the asymptotics of how many samples are required and the probability of making an error for & fixed batch of samples. We investigate an alternative scenario where observations are available in sequence and can be stopped as soon as there is reasonable certainty of correct reconstruction. This approach does not require knowing how sparse is the signal, and allows reconstruction using the smallest number of samples. Central to our sequential approach is the stopping rule. For the random Gaussian ensemble we show that a simple stopping rule gives the absolute minimum number of observations required for exact recovery, with probability one. However, for other ensembles like Bernoulli or Fourier, this is no longer true, and the rule is modified to trade off delay in stopping and probability of error. We also consider near-sparse signals and describe how to estimate the reconstruction error from the sequence of solutions. This enables stopping once the error falls below a desired tolerance. Our sequential approach to compressed sensing involves a sequence of linear programs, and we outline how such a sequence can be solved efficiently.
Clinical, economic, and quality of life impact of atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, age-related arrhythmia that disproportionately affects men, adversely affects quality of life, and causes considerable morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To describe trends in the prevalence and incidence of AF in the United States; discuss the etiologies and complications of AF; characterize the economic burden of AF; and predict an individual’s risk for developing AF and AF-related stroke. SUMMARY: The prevalence and incidence of AF in the United States are expected to increase in the coming decades because of the aging of the population; improved survival rates associated with coronary heart disease, heart failure, and hypertension; and increased rate of performance of surgical procedures. The economic burden of AF is substantial because of high rates of hospitalization and other health resource utilization. Hypertension, coronary heart disease, and systolic heart failure are the most important risk factors for AF. Ischemic stroke is the most devastating complication of AF. Risk factors for stroke in patients with AF include recent congestive heart failure, hypertension, advanced age, diabetes mellitus, and a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Risk scoring systems have been developed to predict an individual’s risk for developing AF and the risk for stroke in a patient with AF. The estimated lifetime risk for AF in men and women aged 40 years of age or older is 1 in 4, which is higher than the risk for other diseases that are a common cause for concern among elderly patients. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and economic burden of AF in the United States is large and will continue to increase in the future. The use of scoring systems to predict the risk of AF and AF-related stroke affords clinicians the opportunity to intervene to minimize these risks and improve patient outcomes.
Productive structure and the strategic position of chosen agricultural firms

The results of questionnaire showed unfavorable trend in productive structures of chosen agricultural firms forming in less favourite conditions submontane areas. The choice of strategies and the productive structure of the firms are under the influence of the short-term economic interest. It can make in future failure of strategic position of enterprises owing to lowering of soil fertility. It has impact to stability and size of yields and also for economy of the firms.
Sacrum and Coccyx Radiographs Have Limited Clinical Impact in the Emergency Department

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield and clinical impact of sacrum and coccyx radiographs in the emergency department (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Consecutive sacrum and coccyx radiographs obtained in the EDs of four hospitals over a 6-year period were categorized as positive for acute fracture or dislocation, negative, or other. Five follow-up metrics were analyzed: follow-up advanced imaging in the same ED visit, follow-up advanced imaging within 30 days, new analgesic prescriptions, clinic follow-up, and surgical intervention within 60 days. RESULTS. Sacrum and coccyx radiographs from 687 patients (mean age, 48.1 years; 61.6% women and 38.4% men) obtained at level-1 (n = 335) and level-2 (n = 352) trauma centers showed a positivity rate of 8.4% ± 2.1% (n = 58/687). None of the 58 positive cases had surgical intervention. At the level-1 trauma centers, there was no significant association between sacrum and coccyx radiograph positivity and analgesic prescription or clinical fo...
Characterization of NiTi Shape Memory Wires by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Transmission X-ray Diffraction

The reversible transformations between the Austenite (A) and Martensite (M) phases of NiTi shape memory wires having a 78°C austenite finish temperature (950°C annealed) were studied in the cold work and heat treatment ranges between 14 to 62% and 400 to 525°C respectively. The ranges of peak Transformation Temperatures (TI), determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) at a 10°C/min rate, were found to be 56 to 75°C, −28 to 33°C, and 38 to 52°C for the respective high temperature A, low temperature M, and the Intermediate Rhombohedral (R) phases. The degree of cold work and heat treatment had significant effects on the TT of NiTi wires. The peak TT of A and M decreases with Increasing cold work. Except for the 14% cold worked wires, the peak TT increases with increasing heat treatment temperature for M, and increases with increasing heat treatment temperature for A for temperatures higher than 450°C. The peak TT of R increases with increasing cold work and decreasing heat treat temperature. p] Using MoKα radiation, transmission x-ray diffraction analysis was utilized to determine the phases at room temperature on wires thinned down to 0.05 to 0.01 mm in diameter. The diffraction patterns of body-centered cubic austenite (B2) and monoclinic martensite (B19) for NiTi were both identified. In addition, extra diffraction lines observed for various samples were tentatively assigned to M and the intermediate R-phase. Depending on the thermal history and the processing conditions, the NiTi wires consist of either a pure M, a mixture of A and R, or a mixture of A, R, and M at room temperature.
Teaching Modules to Build HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Safer Sex Skills among African-American College Students.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has taken a tremendous toll on the population of the United States. College students, including African-Americans aged 13-24 years, across the nation are susceptible to contracting sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS as they participate in unsafe sex practices. The purpose of this article is to provide teaching ideas and learning methods from a social cognitive-theorybased intervention and an HIV/AIDS knowledge based intervention conducted among a sample of African-American college students. A variety of teaching methods such as demonstration, brainstorming, lecturing, group discussion, power-point presentations and role-playing were used. There were 28 workshops (14 knowledge-based and 14 theory-based) conducted over a two month period. Results demonstrated that almost all of the workshops adhered to the session activities guidelines.
Using CRISPR/Cas to study gene function and model disease in vivo

The recent discovery of the CRISPR/Cas system and repurposing of this technology to edit a variety of different genomes have revolutionized an array of scientific fields, from genetics and translational research, to agriculture and bioproduction. In particular, the prospect of rapid and precise genome editing in laboratory animals by CRISPR/Cas has generated an immense interest in the scientific community. Here we review current in vivo applications of CRISPR/Cas and how this technology can improve our knowledge of gene function and our understanding of biological processes in animal models.
Conspiracy culture in Homeland (2011–2015):

Homeland is built on the conspiracy plots that provide entertaining suspense in the television series, which also reflects the fear culture that has developed in the wake of 9/11. CIA agent Carrie ...
Product Liability: When does the Individual Assume the Risk?

When, on what grounds, and to what extent do we or should we hold individuals responsible for their own actions in product liability cases? How do we separate cases in which the victim could not have exercised any control over the harm or injury suffered from those in which the victim could have avoided or minimized the harm? How do we assign degrees of responsibility and consequent liability?
The MOSFET Revisited: Device Physics and Modeling at the Nanoscale

The silicon MOSFET is now a true nanoelectronic device with the dimensions of the channel a few 10's of nanometers long. Sophisticated computer simulations using techniques such as full band Monte Carlo and full quantum transport approaches are being used to explore the physics of the ultimate MOSFET, but circuit models continue to be based on concepts and approaches developed in the 1960's. At the same time, researchers in molecular electronics are exploring electronic conduction in single molecules and developing conceptual understanding and computational approaches to simulate electronics at the atomic scale. What does this new understanding of electronics at the molecular scale tell us about nanoscale MOSFETs? What does it mean to the world of real technology? These questions are addressed in this paper
Chapter 6 – Care and Maintenance of Lasers

This chapter discusses the care and maintenance needed for lasers due to their self-destructive nature. Optical components such as crystals and mirrors exposed to a laser light with high irradiance show degradation. Many of the components in high-power lasers are expensive making frequent replacements an economic hardship. In addition to the components that can be damaged by the laser light, various other items undergo gradual or sometimes catastrophic degradation. These include items such as flashtubes, arc lamps, and electrodes carrying high current. One of the features of laser damage involves damage to the nominally transparent materials by the laser light. The initiation of optical damage occurs at some threshold value of the laser irradiance. At values below the threshold, the light is transmitted without affecting the material. When the irradiance is increased above the threshold, catastrophic breakdown occurs that damages the material. The damage can take the form of pitting, cracking, and vaporization of the material. Lasers with longer pulse durations are less susceptible to damage. This chapter concludes by discussing the damage processes, and some of the precautions and maintenance that should be employed in laser use.
Deep learning for segmentation of brain tumors: can we train with images from different institutions?

Deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in particular are increasingly popular tools for segmentation and classification of medical images. CNNs were shown to be successful for segmentation of brain tumors into multiple regions or labels. However, in the environment which fosters data-sharing and collection of multi-institutional datasets, a question arises: does training with data from another institution with potentially different imaging equipment, contrast protocol, and patient population impact the segmentation performance of the CNN? Our study presents preliminary data towards answering this question. Specifically, we used MRI data of glioblastoma (GBM) patients for two institutions present in The Cancer Imaging Archive. We performed a process of training and testing CNN multiple times such that half of the time the CNN was tested on data from the same institution that was used for training and half of the time it was tested on another institution, keeping the training and testing set size constant. We observed a decrease in performance as measured by Dice coefficient when the CNN was trained with data from a different institution as compared to training with data from the same institution. The changes in performance for the entire tumor and for four different labels within the tumor were: 0.72 to 0.65 (p=0.06), 0.61 to 0.58 (p=0.49), 0.54 to 0.51 (p=0.82), 0.31 to 0.24 (p<0.03), and 0.43 to 0.31(p<0.003) respectively. In summary, we found that while data across institutions can be used for development of CNNs, this might be associated with a decrease in performance.
The emerging roles of tumor-derived exosomes in hematological malignancies

Exosomes are small (30–150 nm) membranous vesicles of endocytic origin produced by all cells under physiological and pathological conditions. They have recently emerged as vehicles for intercellular transfer of molecular and genetic contents from parent to recipient cells. Exosome-mediated transfer of proteins or genes (RNA, miRNA, DNA) results in reprogramming of recipient cell functions. Exosomes carry and deliver information that is essential for health, and they participate in pathological events, including malignant transformation. Within the hematopoietic system, exosomes maintain crosstalk between cells located in the bone marrow compartment and at distant tissue sites. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) reprogram the bone marrow environment, suppress anti-leukemia immunity, mediate drug resistance and interfere with immunotherapies. TEX are also viewed as promising biomarkers of malignant progression and as potential therapeutic targets. The involvement of TEX in nearly all aspects of malignant transformation has generated much interest in their biology, mechanisms responsible for information transfer and the role they play in cancer escape from the host immune system.
Colloidal PbS Nanosheets with Tunable Energy Gaps

Ultrathin colloidal PbS nanosheets are synthesized using organometallic precursors with chloroalkane cosolvents, resulting in tunable thicknesses ranging from 1.2 nm to 4.6 nm. We report the first thickness-dependent photoluminescence spectra from lead-salt nanosheets. The one-dimensional confinement energy of these quasi-two-dimensional nanosheets is found to be proportional to 1/L instead of 1/L2 (L is the thickness of the nanosheet), which is consistent with results calculated using density functional theory as well as tight-binding theory.
Do astrocytes process neural information

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the long-standing but controversial hypothesis that astrocytes play an active role in neural information processing, and especially on the impact of two recent developments. One is the very recent discovery that astrocytes possess a Ca-based form of excitability. This astrocytic property may be functionally analogous to the electrical excitability of neurons even though it is very different in details and in mechanism. The second development is the growing realization that the brain function involves neuromodulatory elements that work on very slow time-scales in comparison to axonal conduction and fast synaptic transmission. This realization has broadened horizons regarding the characteristics of potential neural information-processing elements. This chapter also includes some original theoretical work, addressing previously unexplored modes by which astrocytes might modulate synaptic function.
Gold nanorod/nanosphere clustering by split-GFP fragment assembly for tunable near-infrared SERS detections

We describe the near-field properties of plasmonic nanoclusters made of gold nanorod (AuNR) and gold nanosphere (AuNS) colloids that are assembled using self-complementary split-green fluorescence protein (sGFP) fragments. Numerical modeling of the optical responses and field enhancement characteristics for these hybrid AuNR/AuNS heteroclusters were performed (i) as a function of AuNS binding locations along the edges or at the tips of AuNRs, (ii) as a function of the size and number of AuNS per AuNR, and (iii) as a function of cluster geometry and orientation with respect to the major polarization states of light. We show that near-infrared (NIR)-active plasmonic hot spots that provide large SERS enhancement factors of the vibrational fingerprints from the reconstructed GFP-chromophore are consistently obtained for longitudinally polarized-excitation of the AuNR/AuNS nanoassemblies. A set of clusters having sufficiently flexible geometry and good spectral resonance with traditional NIR laser excitations at 785 nm is proposed for NIR SERS detection of the GFP chromophore with enhancement factors in the range of 107-108 folds. This study provides grounds to improve the assembly of hot spot AuNR/AuNS SERS nanoprobes for NIR biosensing using GFP as a Raman reporter.
Research on factors influencing an individual’s behavior of energy management: a field study in China

With the rapid rising of distributed appliance, smart home appliances and mobile Internet, smart home manufacturers in Europe and America have all developed energy management solutions for individual usage, while domestic manufacturers have also launched similar products. This technique helps people to manage their energy consumption more efficiently. This article focuses on the factors that affect energy management behavior (EMB) at the individual level. By reviewing academic literature, conducting surveys in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the author built an integrated model of the energy management of Chinese people. This article is the first to separate EMB into two types of behaviors: the more innovative energy management intention (EMI) and the more traditional energy saving intention (ESI). The author conducts statistical analysis on these two behavioral concepts. An individual’s EMB is mainly driven by EMI. EMI is affected by behavioral attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control...
Coronary CTA for Stent Evaluation

Stent placement is commonly used for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. Initially, bare-metal stents were deployed to maintain vessel patency, but 21–36% of these stents developed in-stent re-stenosis (ISR) due to neointimal hyperplasia [1,2]. Neointimal hyperplasia is a normal reparative process that occurs after stent deployment and is usually not extensive enough to cause hemodynamic significant narrowing [3]. However, if there is sufficient cellular proliferation, hemodynamic stenosis may be significant enough to bring about recurrent ischemia [3].
The Condensed Courtship Clock: How Elite Women Manage Self-development and Marriage Ideals:

As elite, heterosexual women delay marriage, complete higher education, and pursue high-status careers, are they able to de-center the other-oriented roles of wife and mother in their lives? Using in-depth interviews with 33 single, college-educated women, the authors examine how elite women balance expectations for self-development and family formation. Participants constructed a timeline with three phases: the self-development phase, the readiness moment, and the push to partner. Women’s initial focus on self-development ends with a shift toward feeling ready to search for a spouse. Classed norms for family formation and a perceived biological deadline for childbearing leave a narrow window to achieve family goals. The authors call this narrow window the condensed courtship clock. The clock results in self-scrutiny and third-party policing for women who are off schedule. The class advantages that allow elite women to engage in concerted self-development after college come with intense classed and gender...
Locomotor development and oral reflexes.

The newborn has a repertoire of oral zone reflexes which are intimately involved with experiences and expressions related to distress and pleasure. These help develop signaling which leads to relief of distress. The signaling involves bicycling of all limbs, with facial and vocal accompaniments, and thus the locomotor apparatus is intimately related to the oral zone reflexes. From these observations, it is hypothesized that trauma to oral zone reflexes would cause interference with the development of locomotion, initiation efforts, affect and attachment. These disturbances may be seen in different degrees in various deprivation states.
Prospectively assessed posttraumatic stress disorder and associated physical activity.

b a ABSTRACT Objectives. We examined the association of physical activity with prospectively assessed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a military cohort. Methods. Using baseline and follow-up questionnaire data from a large prospective study of U.S. service members, we applied multivariable logistic regression to examine the adjusted odds of new-onset and persistent PTSD symptoms associated with light/moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and strength training at follow-up. Results. Of the 38,883 participants, 89.4% reported engaging in at least 30 minutes of physical activity per week. At follow-up, those who reported pro- portionately less physical activity were more likely to screen positive for PTSD. Vigorous physical activity had the most consistent relationship with PTSD. Those who reported at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity twice weekly had significantly decreased odds for new-onset (odds ratio (OR) 5 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49, 0.70) and persistent (OR50.59, 95% CI 0.42, 0.83) PTSD symptoms. Conclusions. Engagement in physical activity, especially vigorous activity, is significantly associated with decreased odds of PTSD symptoms among U.S. service members. While further longitudinal research is necessary, a physi- cal activity component may be valuable to PTSD treatment and prevention programs.
Work-Up for Neck Pain and Low Back Pain

The work-up of neck pain and low back pain is a major challenge in the new cost conscious health care system. Appropriate cost- effective choices and professional, adequate use of laboratory and neurodiagnostic testing are discussed, and algorithms are supplied to provide guidelines for the work-up of patients.
Application of Nitrogen-Purging of Malt Extracts to Measure Two Dimethylsulfide Precursors by Headspace Gas Chromatography

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in beer can arise from S-methylmethionine (SMM) by heat degradation during malt kilning and wort boiling, or from the reduction of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) by yeast during fer...
The Concept of a Spherical Function

Let G be a locally compact group, second countable and unimodular; and let K ⊂ G be a compact subgroup. In this chapter we shall explore the concept of spherical functions for (G, K) in some generality. If δ is an equivalence class of irreducible representations of K, elementary spherical functions of type δ are essentially matrix elements of irreducible representations of G defined by vectors that transform according to δ. They may be characterized as eigenfunctions on G with respect to appropriate algebras of convolution operators. If G is a Lie group we can replace the convolution operators by suitable differential operators in the above characterization. So, in the context of a Lie group G there is a close analogy with classical spherical harmonics. It is now natural to raise the problem of harmonic analysis of functions on the homogeneous space G/K in terms of the elementary spherical functions, and to view this as an eigenfunction expansion problem, namely to “expand” a sufficiently arbitrary function on G/K as a “linear combination” of eigenfunctions with respect to suitable algebras of G-invariant differential operators on G/K.
Sex- and developmental-specific transcriptomic analyses of the Antarctic mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus , reveal transcriptional shifts underlying oribatid mite reproduction

The oribatid mite Alaskozetes antarcticus, one of the most abundant terrestrial invertebrates in Antarctica, survives extreme temperature fluctuation and desiccation, and thrives in the short growing season characteristic of this polar environment. Several aspects of the mite’s ecology and physiology are well studied, but little is known about its reproduction. In this study, we utilize sex- and development-specific next-generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses to identify differentially regulated transcripts underlying reproduction of A. antarcticus. Pairwise comparisons between males, females, and tritonymphs revealed more than 4000 enriched transcripts based on different transcriptional levels among sexes and developmental stages. More than 500 of these enriched transcripts were differentially upregulated over 1000-fold. Many of the highly enriched and sex-specific transcripts were previously uncharacterized or have no known orthology. Of the transcripts identified, gene ontology-based analyses linked the transcriptional distinctions to differences in reproduction, chemosensation, and stress response. Our comparative approach allowed us to determine sexually dimorphic transcript expression in A. antarcticus. We anticipate that this study will provide a baseline to better understand the mechanisms that underlie reproduction in both polar and non-polar oribatid mites.
Abstract WP378: RAcial Disparities in Ich After iv-tpA and Neurointerventional Treatment (RADIANT)

Introduction: Studies have reported ethnic/racial disparities in intravenous tPA treatment. The outcome of tPA and/or intra-arterial intervention (IA) among different ethnicities/races requires inv...
Abstract MP25: Longitudinal Assessment of Sleep Patterns During Early Childhood and Their Association With Obesity

Objective: To identify sleep patterns in early childhood and examine the influence of these patterns on health behaviors and obesity. Methods: Prospective cohort study of healthy 3-year old childre...
End-to-end Simulation of mmWave Out-of-band Backhaul Networks in ns-3

In this paper, we focus on the end-to-end simulation of millimeter-wave (mmWave) out-of-band backhaul networks in ns-3. We first introduce a design for an out-of-band backhaul module in ns-3. A custom backhaul network device is proposed that can be added to nodes to enable out-of-band backhaul transmissions. Since the new backhaul module is still under development, we extended the existing mmWave integrated-access-and-backhaul (IAB) module to enable mmWave out-of-band backhaul simulation and produce some preliminary results on throughput performance. We also modified the existing scheduler in the IAB module to support customizable scheduling for logical links in out-of-band backhaul networks. We used the customizable scheduler to implement an optimal scheduling algorithm from prior work and demonstrate that it increases throughput performance by up to 40% in certain scenarios.
Abstractive Summarization: A Survey of the State of the Art.

The focus of automatic text summarization research has exhibited a gradual shift from extractive methods to abstractive methods in recent years, owing in part to advances in neural methods. Originally developed for machine translation, neural methods provide a viable framework for obtaining an abstract representation of the meaning of an input text and generating informative, fluent, and human-like summaries. This paper surveys existing approaches to abstractive summarization, focusing on the recently developed neural approaches.
Capturing Real-Time Emergency Department Sentiment: A Feasibility Study Using Touch-Button Terminals.

Study objective Providing care in emergency departments (EDs) affects patients and providers. Providers experience high rates of work-related stress. Little is known about the feasibility of measuring real-time sentiment within busy clinical environments. We test the feasibility of measuring sentiment with touch-button terminals in an academic, urban ED. Methods Terminals offered a choice of 4 sentiment buttons (very positive, positive, negative, and very negative). They were placed central to physician workstations, nursing workstations, and the patient exit. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to estimate correlation between sentiment and volume metrics (arrivals, length of stay, waiting patients, and number of boarding patients) over time. Results A total of 13,849 sentiments were recorded (June 2018 to October 2018); 9,472 came from providers (52.6% nursing) and 4,377 from patients. The majority of provider sentiments were negative (58.7%). Negative provider sentiment was associated with increasing number of patients waiting to be seen (r=0.45) and boarding (r=0.68). Positive provider sentiment was associated with increasing numbers of patients who left without being seen (r=0.48). Increased boarding was associated with more recorded sentiments (r=0.73). Negative patient sentiment was associated with increasing number waiting (r=0.55), boarding (r=0.67), and leaving without being seen (r=0.46). Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of a novel approach to measuring "on-shift" sentiment in real time and provides a sample comparison to traditional volume metrics.
Mixed Traffic Mode Based Travel Route Recommendation

Travel route recommendation is an important part of the field of intelligent transportation, which can provide the guidance of travel mode and travel route for travelers. However, the current travel route recommendation methods are single mode, which make the traveler choose only one kind of traffic mode when traveling. And because of the complexity of urban transport modes, such a single traffic plan recommendation often fails to meet the expected requirements. In order to solve the limitation of the single vehicle travel method, we propose a travel route recommendation method which includes three modes of transportation, including rental, subway, and walking. By constructing a travel route recommendation model in mixed traffic model, the problem of route recommendation is transformed into a shortest path problem in the travel route map, and we can get the travel route according to the shortest path. According to this route recommendation method, we have created an APP to recommend routes for travelers, and considering the traveler's requirements for travel time and travel expenses are various, we can recommend a most suitable route according to travelers' preference for time or cost.
Flexural fatigue life of woven carbon/vinyl ester composites under sea water saturation

Abstract The adverse effects of sea water environment on the fatigue life of woven carbon fiber/vinyl ester composites are established at room temperature in view of long-term survivability of offshore structures. It is observed that the influence of sea water saturation on the fatigue life is more pronounced when the maximum cyclic displacement approaches maximum quasi-static deflection, that is, the reduction in the number of cycles to failure are comparable between dry and sea water saturated samples at lower strain ranges (37% at 0.46% strain), but are drastically different at higher strain ranges (90% at 0.62% strain). Key damage modes that manifest during the fatigue loading is also identified, and a non-linear model is established for predicting low cycle fatigue life of these composites in dry and sea water saturated conditions.
A Novel Control Strategy for Cable-Driven Parallel Robots with Unknown Jacobians

Cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) have been studied by many researchers in the past decades. Due to the inconsistency among setups of a CDPR in some applications, such as rehabilitation, the Jacobian of the CDPR may not be known for a setup. In order to control a CDPR with unknown Jacobian, a novel control strategy named the PID-FNN control strategy is proposed in this paper. The control strategy consists of a PID controller and a feedforward neural network (FNN). The FNN takes over the role of the Jacobian by mapping a wrench applied on the end-effector of the CDPR at a pose in the task space to a set of cable tensions in the joint space. In this way, the CDPR is controlled by cable tensions computed by solving the inverse dynamics problem using such a mapping, rather than the Jacobian. Simulation results show that the PID-FNN control strategy works as expected in controlling an example CDPR with four cables, three degrees of freedom, and unknown Jacobian.
Extinction of North American Cuvieronius (Mammalia: Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae) driven by dietary resource competition with sympatric mammoths and mastodons

The gomphotheres were a diverse and widespread group of proboscideans occupying Eurasia, North America, and South America throughout the Neogene. Their decline was temporally and spatially heterogeneous, and the gomphotheres ultimately became extinct during the late Pleistocene; however, the genus Cuvieronius is rarely represented in late Pleistocene assemblages in North America. Two alternative hypotheses have been invoked to explain this phenomenon: (1) competitive exclusion by sympatric mammoths and mastodons or (2) ecologic displacement due to an environmental transition from closed forests to open grasslands. To test whether competition for resources contributed to the demise of North American Cuvieronius, we present herein a large collection of stable isotope and dental microwear data from populations occupying their Pleistocene refugium in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Results suggest that Cuvieronius consumed a wide range of resources with variable textural and photosynthetic properties and was not specialized on either grasses or browse. Further, we document evidence for the consumption of similar foods between contemporaneous gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. The generalist feeding strategy of the gomphotheres likely facilitated their high Miocene abundance and diversity. However, this “jack of all trades and master of none” feeding strategy may have proved challenging following the arrival of mammoths and likely contributed to the extirpation of Cuvieronius in North America.
Teaching Natural Language Processing through Big Data Text Summarization with Problem-Based Learning

Thanks go to the US National Science Foundation for its support of the Coordinated, Behaviorally Aware Recovery for Transportation and Power Disruptions (CBAR-tpd), Global Event and Trend Archive Research (GETAR), and Integrated Digital Event Archiving and Library (IDEAL) projects, through grants CMMI-1638207, IIS-1319578, and IIS-1619028, as well as IIS-1619371 to partner Internet Archive. Thanks go to the Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS), for the support of Opening Books and the National Corpus of Graduate Research, through LG-37-19-0078-19. We also thank the student teams in CS4984/CS5984 for their work.
Gait Measures at Admission to Inpatient Rehabilitation after Ischemic Stroke Predict 3-Month Quality of Life and Function.

BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke can impact a patient's quality of life, but the extent is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between gait measures during inpatient rehabilitation with quality-of-life scores and function at 3 months in patients with stroke. SETTING Single-Center inpatient rehabilitation facility. PARTICIPANTS Eight five patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS A 6-Minute Walk Test and a 10-Meter Walk Test were recorded on admission to rehabilitation. We analyzed the association between gait function at rehabilitation and 3-month quality of life and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score >2) using multivariable logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME Measures 3-month health related quality of life. RESULTS Eighty-five patients (mean age 68.3 14.9 years; 54.3% male) were enrolled. In adjusted analyses, an increase of 0.31 m/s (ie, 1 SD) on the 10-meter walk test was linked with a decreased odds of impaired lower extremity quality of life by 94% (odds ratio [OR] 0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01-0.52; P =.01), and decreased odds of poor functional outcome by 98% (OR 0.02, 95% CI <0.01-0.47; P =.01). For the 6-minute walk test, an increase of 109.5 meters (ie, 1 SD) was linked with decreased odds of having impaired lower extremity quality of life by 1% (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00; P < .01) and poor functional outcome by 1% (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00; P = .04). CONCLUSION Gait measurements at rehabilitation can predict 3-month lower extremity quality of life and function.