cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transportation and land use: Lessons from West Coast states

Planners and policymakers in the United States increasing-ly recognize climate change as a critical challenge. Because the trans-portation sector accounts for one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) linked to climate change, some states—including California, Oregon, and Washington—have passed legislation to reduce GHGs from transportation. Much of the work to date has focused on model-ing impacts and evaluating performance of different strategies. Instead, this paper focuses on policy adoption and implementation. This re-search relies on document analysis and stakeholder interviews to ex-amine state efforts to reduce GHGs by examining goals, plans, actions, and results. While these states have all established statutory goals to reduce GHGs, planning, implementation, and monitoring vary across states. California and Oregon rely on state- and metropolitan-level planning, while Washington relies on a state approach. California has enacted funding programs to implement strategies to achieve reduc-tions and worked to reduce regulatory barriers to compact develop-ment. All states monitor levels of GHGs, but the impact of plans is often unexamined. Though West Coast states have taken initial steps to enact goals and require scenario plans, states must provide funding or regulatory relief while improving monitoring in order to achieve ambitious goals to reduce GHGs from transportation.
The Intercontinental Transport of Sulfur and Nitrogen

With the increasing industrialization and population of the world, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the atmosphere is evident on several spatial scales. Population centers in developed and developing countries are being affected locally (e.g., visibility reduction) and regionally (e.g., acid deposition) by the release of combustion products into the atmosphere. Through studying these local and regional effects, it is now realized that the contributing materials are not entirely deposited in the region in which they are emitted. The materials can be transported over thousands of kilometers (e.g., Levy and Moxim 1987, Whelpdale et al. 1984). Thus, hemispheric and global scales of atmospheric contamination are now realities.
Selected factors related to calcium intake and change in calcium intake resulting from a Health Belief Model and health locus of control-based intervention among 45-54 year old women

CHAPTER L INTRODUCTION Theoretical Base CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Menopause Effects of declining estrogen levels Osteoporosis Risk factors for osteoporosis Impact of Dietary Factors on Osteoporosis Calcium intake Vitamin D intake Other dietary factors Theoretical Models for Behavior Changes The Health Belief Model Locus of control The Effect of Short-term Education on Changes in Dietary Behavior CHAPTERS. METHODS Study Design Instrument Development Pre-test questionnaire Post-test questionnaire Expert Review and Pilot Testing Participant Recruitment Data Collection Data Reduction and Analysis CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Descriptive Characteristics of Participants Participants' Locus of Control Scores Participants' Attitudes Related to the Health Belief Model Calcium Intake Estimates from Food and Supplements Regression Analysis Pre-intervention regression models Post-intervention regression models 77 Health belief attitudes as a predictor of calcium intake 82 Multidimensional health locus of control as a predictor of calcium intake... 84 Demographic characteristics as predictors of calcium intake 85 Effects of the Educational Intervention 85 CHAPTER 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 87 Summary 87 Limitations 90 Conclusions and Implications 91 Practical Applications for Interventions 96 Recommendations for Future Research 98 APPENDIX A: PRE-INTERVENTION QUESTIONNAIRE 99 APPENDIX B; POSTINTERVENTION QUESTIONNAIRE 108 APPENDIX C: TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS 116 REFERENCES 118 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 131
Insights into User Personality and Learning Styles through Cross Subject fNIRS Classification

There is limited literature on classifying user personality/learning style and other cross subject traits using brain activity patterns. In this paper we describe an experiment to classify a computer user’s’ personality type and learning style using their brain data acquired while they were conducting spatial/verbal tasks in front of a computer. The brain activity in the left and right hemispheres were measured by an fNIRS device and the resulting data was analyzed using the participant’s personality/learning style as the label (Obtained through established survey instruments). We obtained promising results for all of the traits we strived to classify providing paths for future research into this area.
Optimal Intraoperative Assessment of Gastric Margins.

Objectives Intraoperative pathology consultation (IOC) to assess margins is frequently requested during surgery of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction. Methods We studied 110 consecutive patients undergoing gastrectomy with IOC margin assessment. Results Gastric margins at IOC utilized the most blocks but were least often positive. In 64% of patients, the entire gastric margin was examined using average six blocks; representative sections were examined in 25% of patients using two blocks. There was no difference in patient outcome between those who had entire vs representative sections of margin examined. Gross variables showing strongest associations with positive margins were tumor size and tumor distance to margin. Tumors sized greater than 2.3 cm had significantly increased risk of positive margin, and tumor distance greater than 4.5 cm to margin was associated with negative margins. Conclusions We conclude representative sections of the closest gastric margin are sufficient to ensure R0 resection in the majority of cases.
Balloon Tamponade for Variceal Hemorrhage

Variceal hemorrhage remains a major cause of mortality in those with portal hypertension. Varices can occur in the esophagus, usually distally, or stomach, usually in the fundus. Endoscopy with hemostasis technique is the mainstay treatment for esophageal variceal bleeding, while portosystemic shunt placement is the treatment for gastric variceal bleeding. However, these procedures require resuscitation and strategic planning prior to initiation. Balloon tamponade remains a useful technique in temporarily arresting hemorrhage until more definitive treatment can be pursued.
Lack of Antinociceptive Cross-Tolerance With Co-Administration of Morphine and Fentanyl Into the Periaqueductal Gray of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Abstract Tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of mu-opioid receptor agonists, such as morphine and fentanyl, greatly limits their effectiveness for long-term use to treat pain. Clinical studies have shown that combination therapy and opioid rotation can be used to enhance opioid-induced antinociception once tolerance has developed. The mechanism and brain regions involved in these processes are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) to antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance between administration and co-administration of morphine and fentanyl. Tolerance was induced by pretreating rats with morphine or fentanyl or low-dose combination of morphine and fentanyl into the vlPAG followed by an assessment of the cross-tolerance to the other opioid. In addition, tolerance to the combined treatment was assessed. Cross-tolerance did not develop between repeated vlPAG microinjections of morphine and fentanyl. Likewise, there was no evidence of cross-tolerance from morphine or fentanyl to the co-administration of morphine and fentanyl. Co-administration did not cause cross-tolerance to fentanyl. Cross-tolerance was only evident to morphine or morphine and fentanyl combined in rats pretreated with co-administration of low doses of morphine and fentanyl. This finding is consistent with the functionally selective signaling that has been reported for antinociception and tolerance after morphine and fentanyl binding to the mu-opioid receptor. This research supports the notion that combination therapy and opioid rotation may be useful clinical practices to decrease opioid tolerance and other side effects. Perspective This preclinical study shows that there is a decrease in cross-tolerance between morphine and fentanyl within the periaqueductal gray, which is a key brain region in opioid antinociception and tolerance.
Risk assessment in children presenting with fever and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

10078 Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common complication of cancer treatment and predisposes children to develop severe infections. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical and...
Using CT texture analysis to differentiate cystic and cystic-appearing odontogenic lesions

Abstract Purpose Cystic and cystic-appearing odontogenic lesions of the jaw may appear similar on CT imaging. Accurate diagnosis is often difficult although the relationship of the lesion to the tooth root or crown may offer a clue to the etiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CT texture analysis as an aid in differentiating cystic and cystic-appearing odontogenic lesions of the jaw. Methods This was an IRB-approved retrospective study including 42 pathology-proven dentigerous cysts, 37 odontogenic keratocysts, and 19 ameloblastomas. Each lesion was manually segmented on axial CT images, and textural features were analyzed using an in-house-developed Matlab-based texture analysis program that extracted 47 texture features from each segmented volume. Statistical analysis was performed comparing all pairs of the three types of lesions. Results Pairwise analysis revealed that nine histogram features, one GLCM feature, three GLRL features, two Laws features, four GLGM features and two Chi-square features showed significant differences between dentigerous cysts and odontogenic keratocysts. Four histogram features and one Chi-square feature showed significant differences between odontogenic keratocysts and ameloblastomas. Two histogram features showed significant differences between dentigerous cysts and ameloblastomas. Conclusions CT texture analysis may be useful as a noninvasive method to obtain additional quantitative information to differentiate cystic and cystic-appearing odontogenic lesions of the jaw.
Radiographic manifestations of fibroblastic osteosarcoma: A diagnostic challenge

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor after plasma cell neoplasms. Osteosarcoma has diverse histological features and is characterized by the presence of malignant spindle cells and pluripotent neoplastic mesenchymal cells that produce immature bone, cartilage, and fibrous tissue. Osteosarcoma most frequently develops in the extremities of long bones, but can occur in the jaw in rare cases. The clinical and biological behavior of osteosarcoma of the jaw slightly differs from that of long-bone osteosarcoma. The incidence of jaw osteosarcoma is greater in the third to fourth decades of life, whereas long-bone osteosarcoma mostly occurs in the second decade of life. Osteosarcoma of the jaw has a lower tendency to metastasize and a better prognosis than long-bone osteosarcoma. Radiographically, osteosarcoma can present as a poorly-defined lytic, sclerotic, or mixed-density lesion with periosteal bone reaction response. Multi-detector computed tomography is useful for identifying the extent of bone destruction, as well as soft tissue involvement of the lesion. The current case report presents a fibroblastic osteosarcoma involving the left hemimandible with very unusual radiographic features.
Anatomical Variations in the Location of Veins Draining Into the Anterior Superior Sagittal Sinus: Implications for the Transbasal Approach

Background Many approaches are used for midline anterior cranial fossa meningioma resection. In the subfrontal approach, the anterior superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is commonly ligated to release the anterior falx. The transbasal approach allows access to the origin of the anterior SSS, allowing for maximum venous preservation. Objective To investigate variations in the first and second veins draining into the SSS. Methods We performed stepwise dissections for a transbasal level 1 approach on 8 anatomic specimens. We visualized the first and second veins draining into the sinus and measured the distance from the foramen cecum to these veins. We also measured the orbital bar height to determine the length of sagittal sinus that could be preserved with orbital bar removal. Results The distance between the foramen cecum and the first vein ranged from 4 to 36 mm while the distance to the second vein ranged from 6 to 48 mm. The mean orbital bar height was 26.4 mm. Based on these measurements, with a traditional bicoronal craniotomy without orbital bar removal, 81% of first veins and 58% of second veins would be sacrificed. Conclusion A supraorbital bar or nasofrontal osteotomy, part of the transbasal skull base approach, is helpful to preserve the first and second veins when ligating the anterior SSS. Based on this study, it may be difficult to preserve these veins without orbital bar removal. Preservation of these veins may be of clinical importance when approaching midline anterior fossa pathologies.
Racial differences in estrogen receptor staining levels and implications for treatment and survival among estrogen receptor positive, HER2-negative invasive breast cancers

African American women (AAW) die more frequently from estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer than European American women (EAW). We investigated the relationship between race, percent ER staining, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Percent ER staining (weakly ER+: 1–10%, moderately ER+: 11–50%, strongly ER+: > 50%) was abstracted from pathology reports for 1573 women with ER+/HER2− invasive breast cancer treated at a single cancer center in Detroit, MI from 2010 to 2017. Clinical outcomes and tumor characteristics were obtained from the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. Associations of ER levels with demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated using logistic regression. Overall and breast cancer-specific (BCS) survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. AAW were more likely to have tumors with lower ER staining levels than EAW (weakly ER+: Odds ratio (OR) 2.19, p = 0.019; moderately ER+: OR 2.80, p = 0.005). Women with weakly compared to strongly ER+ tumors were less likely to receive endocrine therapy (ET) regardless of race (OR 0.79, p 50%: HR 0.24, p < 0.001). The biology of ER+/HER2− tumors varies by race, although this does not appear to account for racial differences in survival. Although ET substantially reduces mortality among women with weakly ER+ tumors, these women are less likely to be treated with ET and have poorer outcomes.
Deep learning for improved prediction of late-onset cardiomyopathy among childhood cancer survivors: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE).

10545Background: Early identification of survivors at high risk for treatment-induced cardiomyopathy may allow for prevention and/or early intervention. We utilized deep learning methods using COG ...
Gender, race, and unpaid work in family-owned businesses during the Great Depression

Studies of labor market distress show that dislocated workers often react to joblessness by starting their own small enterprises. But these studies overlook the possibility that such persons may al...
The challenge of engaging with and reporting against the SDGs for SMEs such as Sydney Theatre Company

The UN Sustainable Development Goals to 2030 call for action by the globe to tackle some of the most pressing problems facing humanity. There is a key role for business in helping to meet the goals, and in particular, small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which account for over 90% of global businesses. Many organisations that were already engaged in addressing sustainability prior to the release of the SDGs will need to shift their approach to accommodate the new framework, including SMEs like Sydney Theatre Company (STC). This paper explores the use of the SDG Compass as a tool for making that shift by revisiting a previous case study on STC's sustainability journey since 2008 to assess the efficacy of the SDG Compass as a guide to addressing the SDGs. It finds that the SDG Compass is prohibitively complex for SMEs which could impede engagement with the SDGs by SMEs.
Flap Monitoring Using Transcutaneous Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide Measurements

Free tissue transfer is a cornerstone of complex reconstruction. In many cases, it represents the last option available for a patient and their reconstruction. At high-volume centers, the risk of free flap failure is low but its occurrence can be devastating. Currently, the mainstay for flap monitoring is the clinical examination. Though reliable when performed by experienced clinicians, the flap exam is largely subjective, is performed discontinuously, and often results in significant time delay between detection of flap compromise and intervention. Among emerging flap monitoring technologies, the most promising appear to be those that rely on noninvasive transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide measurements, which provide information regarding flap perfusion. In this article, we review and summarize the literature on various techniques but primarily emphasizing those technologies that rely on transcutaneous gas measurements. We also define characteristics for the ideal flap monitoring tool and discuss critical barriers, predominantly cost, preventing more widespread utilization of adjunct monitoring technologies, and their implications.
Sedation and anaesthesia for cardiac catheterisation

Since the introduction of cardiac catheterisation for Paediatric Cardiology in 1947, the subspecialty has seen dramatic changes. The advancement of non-invasive imaging techniques such as echocardiography, CT and cardiac MRI has shifted the focus for paediatric cardiac catheterisations from a primarily diagnostic tool (to define anatomy, assess haemodynamics and calculate shunts) to an important treatment option for various congenital heart defects.1
New York State's 100% renewable electricity transition planning under uncertainty using a data-driven multistage adaptive robust optimization approach with machine-learning

Abstract Power system decarbonization is critical for combating climate change, and handling systems uncertainties is essential for designing robust renewable transition pathways. In this study, a bottom-up data-driven multistage adaptive robust optimization (MARO) framework is proposed to address the power systems’ renewable transition under uncertainty. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed framework, a case study for New York State is presented. Machine learning techniques, including a variational algorithm for Dirichlet process mixture model, principal component analysis, and kernel density estimation, are applied for constructing data-driven uncertainty sets, which are integrated into the proposed MARO framework to systematically handle uncertainty. The results show that the total renewable electricity transition costs under uncertainty are 21%-42% higher than deterministic planning, and the costs under the data-driven uncertainty sets are 2%-17% lower than the conventional uncertainty sets. By 2035, on-land wind and offshore wind would be the major power source for the deterministic planning case and robust optimization cases, respectively.
The impact of formal and informal support on emotional stress among non-co-resident caregivers of persons with dementia.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of formal and informal support between non-co-resident and co-resident family caregivers of persons with dementia and to investigate the impact of receiving formal or informal assistance on family caregivers' residential status and their perceived emotional stress. METHOD We used secondary data from the 2018 National Survey of Older American Act conducted by the Administration for Community Living. We selected 751 primary family caregivers of persons with dementia and conducted regression analyses to explore our research questions. RESULTS Non-co-resident caregivers of persons with dementia were younger, racially and ethnically diverse, employed, and had higher income than co-resident caregivers. They were less likely to utilize formal support, such as caregiver training or education (p = .005) and respite care (p = .019) but more likely to rely on informal support in their social networks (p = .002), compared to co-resident caregivers. Non-co-resident caregivers who had better informal support systems showed less emotional stress than co-resident caregivers (p = .024). CONCLUSION Findings from our study suggest the importance of engaging informal networks to alleviate emotional stress of non-co-resident caregivers of persons with dementia. Furthermore, it is critical to help them utilize adequate caregiver training and education as well as respite care before their loved ones experience dramatic functional and health declines.
Outcomes of liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome in the pre and post-MELD eras: A systematic review.

Abstract Background The lack of large hepatopulmonary syndrome cohorts undergoing liver transplantation (LT) has resulted in limited information about post-LT outcomes and expectations. Methods The long and short-term outcomes of LT in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) were evaluated before and after the implementation of Model for Endstage Liver Disease (MELD) score in 2002, granting exception points for patients with HPS. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for published and unpublished studies from 01/1990 to 04/2019. Studies that included HPS patients who underwent LT and reported post-LT outcomes and HPS severity were reviewed. After reviewing the full text of 1421 articles, 30 were included in the pre-MELD era (before 2002) and 60 in the post-MELD era. Results A total of 598 patients (210 children and 388 adults) with HPS who underwent LT were included in this systematic review. In children, 5-year survival probability was similar in the pre and post-MELD groups (85.7% vs. 97.4; p = 0.09). Median post-transplant PaO2 in room air was higher in the post-MELD group (71 [53-87] vs. 97 [80-108] mmHg: p = 0.008). In adults, 5-year survival probability was higher in the post-MELD era (73 vs. 87.3%; p = 0.008). Median post-transplant PaO2 in room air was higher in post-MELD group (75 [63-85] vs. 87 [75-95] mmHg; p = 0.001).. Conclusions After MELD exception implementation, survival rates and post-transplant oxygenation improved in adult patients with HPS who underwent liver transplantation, whereas only post-transplant oxygenation improved in children.
Omniscience and Partial Omniscience

The picture presented in Chapter 2 is a bleak one, at least for the questing agnostic searching for more than straws in the wind to ward off doubt and uncertainty and justify his beliefs/expectations. If the Revelation Game accurately represents his preferences as well as SB’s (or a possible God’s), the strategy choices are clear: SB would not reveal himself, or establish his existence, and P, anticipating SB’s dominant strategy choice, would not believe in his existence. Hence, P would presumably remain an agnostic, which reverses the rationalistic faith argument Kung sets forth in Does God Exist?1: it is in fact rational, if one is playing the Revelation Game, not to believe in SB’s existence. Recall, though, that this strategy choice does not imply that it is rational for the agnostic to believe in SB’s nonexistence, a strategy choice not available to P in the Revelation Game as I interpreted it, because SB could exist without revealing himself.
Symplectic sums and Gromov-Witten invariants

Gromov-Witten invariants of a symplectic manifold are a count of holomorphic curves. We describe a formula expressing the GW invariants of a symplectic sum $X# Y$ in terms of the relative GW invariants of $X$ and $Y$. This formula has several applications to enumerative geometry. As one application, we obtain new relations in the cohomology ring of the moduli space of complex structures on a genus g Riemann surface with n marked points.
Changes in cervical compliance at parturition independent of uterine activity

Abstract A new animal model has been developed to measure intrinsic changes of cervical compliance during spontaneous parturition or exposure to hormonal manipulation. Intermittent measurements of cervical compliance and continuous measurements of uterine and cervical pressure were made during the last month of gestation of nine pregnant ewes. Cervical compliance increased abruptly and dramatically during spontaneous and dexamethasone-induced parturition. Maternal progesterone supplementation at parturition inhibited uterine contractions but not the increase in cervical compliance, demonstrating the independence of the two events. The cervix was found to contract rhythmically and vigorously with a gradual decrease in activity as parturition approached.
Structural System Parameter Estimation by Two-Stage Least Squares Method

A two-stage least-squares parameter estimation procedure using covariance function data is developed for the estimation of the natural frequency and damping parameters of randomly excited structural systems. The estimation procedure is statistically and computationally efficient and yields a measure of the statistical reliability of the structural parameter estimates. Examples of the estimation of the natural frequency and damping computed by forced vibration, correlation analysis, and two-stage least-squares methods are examined.
Evaluation of frost damage in seed corn (Zea mays L.): with special emphasis on seed composition and moisture content

Seed corn (Zea mays L.) producers in the Midwest region of the United States are affected by an early fall frost approximately every five years. The negative effects of frost on seed quality vary according to genotype and thus possibly seed composition. Our objective was to determine the effect of seed composition (oil and protein) and seed maturity on seed viability and vigor of artificially frost-damaged seed. Hybrid seed was produced by using a B73 inbred derivative with varying seed oil and protein content from the USDA GEM (United States Department of Agriculture Germplasm Enhancement of Maize) project as the female parent and IRF 311 as the male parent. Field plots were planted in a randomized complete-block design with two replications in one and two locations in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Ears were harvested at 300 to 350, 400 to 450, and 500 to 550 g H2O kg -1 moisture content. Onehalf of the harvested ears in each range were placed in an artificial frost cycle that mimicked a severe killing frost, and the remainder of the ears served as controls. Seeds were dried, threshed, and stored for 42 or 84 days before evaluating seed viability using the standard germination test and seed vigor using the saturated cold test and soak test. The artificial frost treatment decreased the percentage of normal
Nutrient–drug interactions in nutritional support

Objective: To review the types and potential consequences of diet/nutrient–drug interactions that can occur in patients receiving nutritional support. Data sources: A literature review was performed using Ovid multi-database searching including Medline, Agricola and Biosis. Summary: Although very little information is currently available that pertains specifically to veterinary patients, we know from the human experience that food intake and diet composition can affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, efficacy and toxicity of a drug. Conversely, certain drugs can alter the absorption of nutrients when administered in conjunction with food or act to antagonize nutrient metabolism or function. The different ways that incompatibility can arise between food or nutrients and drugs in patients receiving nutritional support and strategies for avoiding these problems are discussed. Conclusions: The consequences of diet/nutrient–drug interactions include decreased tolerance of nutritional support, loss of feeding access, decreased drug efficacy, nutrient malabsorption or malassimilation, and risk of drug overdosage. Therefore, when patients receiving nutritional support experience these types of complications, a review of the diet, route of nutritional support, drugs, and timing of feeding and medication administration are indicated.
Novel optoelectronic technique for tunable millimeter-wave generation using a monolithic mode locked semiconductor laser

Summary form only given. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel optoelectronic technique for continuously tunable millimeter-wave generation in which a mode-locked laser diode is employed in conjunction with an external electro-optic modulator to generate millimeter-wave signal up to over 100 GHz.
Reproducibility of a Continuous Ramp Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) Protocol for Simulating Hemorrhage

Background: Central hypovolemia elicited by application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has been used extensively to simulate hemorrhage in human subjects. Traditional LBNP protocols include...
Improved Method for Measurement of delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity of Human Erythrocytes

We have evaluated and modified a current method for estimating δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (5-aminolaevulinate hydro-lyase, EC 4.2.1.24) activity in blood, so as to adequately control the pH of the enzyme-substrate solution at the optimum throughout the incubation period. This has improved the sensitivity and reliability of the assay. Also, N-ethylmaleimide has been substituted for a potentially hazardous mercury salt, used to remove sulfhydryl groups before color development with a modified Ehrlich’s reagent.
Multi-decadal establishment for single-cohort Douglas-fir forests

The rate at which trees regenerate following stand-replacing wildfire is an important but poorly understood process in the multi-century development of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forests. Temporal patterns of Douglas-fir establishment reconstructed from old-growth forests (>450 year) have generated contradictory models of either rapid ( 100 year) periods of establishment, while patterns of tree establishment in mid-aged (100 to 350 year) forests remains largely unknown. To determine temporal patterns of Douglas-fir establishment following stand-replacing fire, increment cores were obtained from 1455 trees in 18 mature and early old-growth forests in western Washington and northwestern Oregon, USA. Each of the stands showed continuous regeneration of Douglas-fir for many decades following initiating fire. The establishment period averaged 60 years (range: 32–99 years). These results contrast both with the ...
Modeling pharmaceutical compacts tensile strength based on viscoelastic properties

Abstract Although several researchers acknowledge the effects of viscoelasticity in pharmaceutical powder compaction, no models have been reported that relate compact mechanical properties to the powder viscoelastic properties. The tensile strength of a compact is largely influenced by contact area between deforming particles which depends on the viscoelastic properties and compaction variables. The objective of this research was to develop semi-mechanistic models based on viscoelastic contact area estimates, to predict tensile strength of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) and Acetaminophen (APAP) compacts. Formulations with varying amounts of MCC, APAP and moisture contents corresponding to 50 and 70% RH were prepared. The powders were compressed in a Uniaxial testing machine (Instron) at a punch velocity of 2 mm/min to final pressures in the range of 12.5 to 44 MPa. The diametral tensile strength, compaction and viscoelastic properties were determined. The deformation contact area was estimated using equation by Lum and Duncan-Hewitt [22] based on the median particle size of MCC, compaction and viscoelastic properties as determined from the Maxwell model. It was found that the estimated contact area depended on the APAP composition, moisture content and on compaction pressure. The viscoelastic contact area, density and final compact tensile strength were found to increase with increasing compaction pressure, moisture content and MCC. A unified model that expresses the compact tensile strength as a function of viscoelastic contact area was successfully developed.
Benthic tars in the Gulf of Mexico: Chemistry and sources

Abstract Benthic tars were collected at 14 locations in the northern Gulf of Mexico by trawling. Tars were altered to varying degrees by microbial degradation and dissolution. Most, if not all, of the benthic tars analyzed were significantly different from known production in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Differences in composition include light carbon isotope ratios; high contents of sulfur, nickel, and vanadium; an excess of phytane and norhopane over pristane and hopane, respectively; the presence of oleanane and moretanes in tars; and the low levels of diasteranes in tars. These benthic tars appear to be derived from oils produced in other areas of the world that have been transported into the Gulf of Mexico by man or natural agents. benthic tars are widespread in the Gulf of Mexico and represent an important sink for pelagic tars.
Predicting accurate vibrational frequencies for highly anharmonic systems

Improvements in the manner in which the potential energy surface (PES) is generated in the vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) method have been implemented. The PES can now be computed over a flexible range of displacements and following normal mode displacement vectors expressed in internal rather than Cartesian coordinates, leading to higher accuracy of the calculated vibrational frequencies. The coarse-grained parallelization of the PES calculations, which is computationally by far the most expensive part of the VSCF method, enables the usage of higher levels of theory and larger basis sets. The new VSCF procedure is discussed and applied to three examples, H3+, HNO2, and HNO3, to illustrate its accuracy and applicability.
Abstract 483: Serine phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein defines the malignant cell phenotype in colon cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Metastasis is the principal pathological process underlying mortality for colorectal cancer, the third deadly cancer worldwide. During tumor invasion, cancer cells assume a mesenchymal morphology that confers migratory and proliferative advantages. One of the mechanisms regulating malignant cell shape is the activity of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) on the actin cytoskeleton. Here, human colon carcinoma cells were treated with cell permeant analogs of cAMP or cGMP, to preferentially induce VASP Ser157 (pVASP-Ser157) or Ser239 (pVASP-Ser239) phosphorylation, and examined by confocal microscopy, western blotting and colony formation. Confirming previous results, cancer dynamic membrane regions formed by the actin cytoskeleton were differentially modulated by VASP Ser phosphorylation. However, treatments with cAMP, which promoted a mesenchymal cell phenotype, reduced E-cadherin at tumor cell-cell junctions and enhanced vimentin and vinculin levels. In contrast cGMP induced an opposite cell morphology with increased E-cadherin-rich cell-cell contacts and decreased cellular vimentin and vinculin. Moreover, the cAMP-dependent phenotype increased the cancer cell ability to form tumor colonies, while cGMP compromised that metastatic potential. Importantly, cyclic nucleotide effects were mediated by selective VASP Ser phosphorylation, because VASP phosphomutants at Ser157 and Ser239 blocked cAMP or cGMP actions, respectively. Together, these findings suggest that in colon cancer cells pVASP-Ser157 and pVASP-Ser239 are critical determinants of the malignant phenotype, which define the function of actin cytoskeletal regulators, invasive cell morphology and tumorigenic potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 483. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-483
Using a low-noise interferometric fiber optic gyro in a pointing, acquisition, and tracking system

Heritage pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) systems have relied on optical tracking with a cooperative remote terminal to stabilize the line-of-sight of optical communications links. A hybrid approach, using new interferometric fiberoptic gyro (IFOG) technology to sense and correct local angular disturbances, blended with optical tracking, is shown to yield two significant advantages over traditional all-optical tracking: (1) line-of-sight stabilization over a very wide disturbance frequency range, down to extremely low frequencies (<<1 Hz), without the need for any optical signal power or cooperation from the remote terminal, and (2) a significant reduction in signal power required for the optical tracker. This paper will present fundamental performance analyses of a hybrid IFOG/optical tracking system and will derive simple design rules that the system designer can use to architect an optimal hybrid IFOG/optical PAT system. In addition, flow-down benefits that can simplify PAT system hardware will be discussed.
Total cross section measurements for electron scattering on H2 and N2 from 4 to 300 eV

Total cross sections have been measured for electron scattering on H2 and N2 in the 4-300 eV energy range utilizing a linear attenuation technique. The present results are compared with existing experimental data of other groups in this energy range where good agreement with other experimental data is found.
Nature is Scary, Disgusting, and Uncomfortable:

The relationships between fear expectancy, disgust sensitivity, desire for modem comforts, and preference for wildland and built environments and related activiffes were examined. Using a populatio...
An Assessment of Density Functional Methods for Calculating Thermochemistries of Si−H−Cl Compounds

The performance of the gradient-corrected BLYP density functional and the hybrid B3LYP functional has been studied in calculations of bond energies of Si−H−Cl containing molecules involved in thermal chemical vapor deposition processes of silicon. Calculated atomization energies using the BLYP and B3LYP functionals are in better agreement with experiment (typically within 10 kcal/mol) compared to more computationally demanding methods such as MP4. Comparisons are also made with more accurate theoretical methods including corrected MP4 approaches. While predictions of thermochemical properties for second-row compounds from BLYP or B3LYP approaches are slightly less accurate than for first-row compounds, these techniques still represent a promising approach of obtaining theoretical estimates for thermochemical properties.
Critical congenital heart disease screening using pulse oximetry.

disease (CCHD) occurs at a frequency of 1.2-1.7 per 1000 live births and accounts for 10%-15% of all cases of CHD. 2,3 Although there is variation in how the term is defined, CCHD is generally accepted as referring to any congenital cardiac lesion that requires intervention or may cause significant morbidity or mortality in the first weeks of life. The public health impact of CHD is considerable, as CHD is responsible for 7.4% of all infant deaths, 4 of which 10% are not diagnosed until autopsy. 5 Chang et al 6 reported that 50% of infants with previously undiagnosed CCHD died at home or in emergency departments. Up to 30 infant deaths per year have been attributed to undiagnosed CHD in California alone. In 2007, Aamir et al 7 reviewed the birth records in New Jersey and found 47 patients during a period of 5 years with a delayed diagnosis of CCHD (57% <4 weeks, 66% <2 months). Many of these patients were subject to multiple diagnoses, admissions, and procedures, suggesting an increased financial cost with delayed diagnosis. Delays in diagnosis can also lead to significant morbidity and worse outcomes after interventions. 8,9 Because of its frequency in the population, potential for serious and lifethreatening presentation, and availability of effective interventions, CCHD is an excellent candidate for a screening examination.
Lymphocyte Inhibitory and Chemotactic Factors Produced by Bursal and Thymic Lymphocytes

Abstract Bursal (B) and thymic (T) lymphocytes from chickens sensitized to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD) or human gamma globulin (hGG) produced an avian lymphocyte-inhibitory factor designated as LyIF-PPD or LyIF-hGG, respectively. A chemotactic factor (LCF) lor peripheral blood leukocytes was elaborated only by T-cells sensitized to PPD and hGG. These factors were partially purified by HPLC and were characterized physicochemically. Maximum inhibitory activity for LyIF-PPD and LyIF-hGG occurred in peak fractions corresponding to molecular weight ranges of 29,000 to 52,000 daltons and 15,000 to 29,000 daltons, respectively. The inhibitory activity of B- and T-LylF-hGG was lost after chymotrypsin and neuraminidase treatment. Maximum chemotactic activity for LCF-PPD and LCF-hGG was in peak HPLC fractions corresponding to molecular weight ranges of 9,000 to 16,000 daltons and 8,000 to 16,500 daltons, respectively. Chemotactic activity of LCF-PPD and LCF-hGG was lost following chymotrypsin treatment while it was not reduced after neuraminidase treatment. Both inhibitory and chemotactic activities were stable at 56 C for 30 min and resistant to changes in pH from 5 to 9. The precursor molecule for the lymphokine is made after antigen immunization, but activated in the presence of the sensitizing agent.
Quantum Oscillations in the Ultrasonic Attenuation and Magnetic Susceptibility of InBi

The Fermi surface of InBi was investigated using ultrasonic and differential-susceptibility techniques. Quantum oscillations of the de Haas-van Alphen type were observed in both types of measurements and their frequencies were measured in the (001), (010), and $(1\overline{1}0)$ planes. Several frequencies which were not observed by previous workers have been discovered. These correspond to new portions of the Fermi surface. In addition, more extensive data on frequencies which had been observed earlier were obtained. The largest portion of the Fermi surface which was observed is approximately a prolate ellipsoid of revolution containing 1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ carriers/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. It was found that, in many cases, the ultrasonic and differential-susceptibility techniques are sensitive to different electron orbits on the Fermi surface and that therefore these two techniques of studying the Fermi surface complement each other.
Immunology: another manifestation of GOD.

In studies of the evolution of the adaptive immune system, the lamprey has been an unlikely centre of attention. These studies now provide evidence of a fascinating variation on how such a system can operate.
Effect of protein S-glutathionylation on Ca2+ homeostasis in cultured aortic endothelial cells

Diamide is a membrane-permeable, thiol-oxidizing agent that rapidly and reversibly oxidizes glutathione to GSSG and promotes formation of protein-glutathione mixed disulfides. In the present study,...
SYNTHETIC SEISMOGRAMS AT NON‐VERTICAL INCIDENCE*

Synthetic seismograms are usually computed for reflections from vertical incidence of P waves for a horizontally layered medium. In actual practice the angle of incidence departs from the vertical, as receivers are usually located at some distance from the source. At angles other than the vertical, the conversion of P- to S-wave energy and changes in the reflection coefficient affect the shape of the synthetic seismograms. The effect of non-vertical incidence on synthetic seismograms is examined in this paper. Seismograms at non-vertical incidence have been computed using the plane-wave approach of Haskell (1953) for a layered medium. The use of plane waves is an approximation to the actual case of spherical wavefronts from a surface source. Using plane-wave theory, the expected wave forms as a function of angle of incidence were computed numerically for several simple models. The results indicate that the synthetic seismograms do not change significantly for angles of incidence between o and 25 degrees. For larger angles the changes in the wave forms may be severe. The effect is more pronounced for high-velocity layers than for low-velocity layers.
Freeze-quench magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopic study of the very rapid intermediate in xanthine oxidase

Freeze-quench magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy (MCD) has been used to trap and study the excited-state electronic structure of the Mo(V) active site in a xanthine oxidase intermediate generated with substoichiometric concentrations of the slow substrate 2-hydroxy-6-methylpurine. EPR spectroscopy has shown that the intermediate observed in the MCD experiment is the very rapid intermediate, which lies on the main catalytic pathway. The observed in the MCD experiment is the very rapid intermediate, which lies on the main catalytic pathway. The low-energy ({lt}{approximately}30,000 cm{sup {minus}1}) C-term MCD of this intermediate is remarkably similar to that of the model compound LMoO(bdt)(L = hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate; bdt = 1,2-benzenedithiolate), and the MCD bands have been assigned as dithiolate S{sub ip} {yields} Mo d{sub xy} and S{sub op} {yields} Mo d{sub xz,yz} LMCT transitions. These transitions result from a coordination geometry of the intermediate where the Mo{double{underscore}bond}O bond is oriented cis to the ene-1,2-dithiolate of the pyranopterin. Since X-ray crystallography has indicated that a terminal sulfido ligand is oriented cis to the ene-1,2-dithiolate in oxidized xanthine oxidase related Desulfovibrio gigas aldehyde oxidoreductase, the authors have suggested that a conformational change occurs upon substrate binding. The substrate-mediated conformational change is extremely significant with respect to electron-transfer regeneration ofmore » the active site, as covalent interactions between the redox-active Mo d{sub xy} orbital and the S{sub ip} orbitals of the ene-1,2-dithiolate are maximized when the oxo ligand is oriented cis to the dithiolate plane. This underlies the importance of the ene-1,2-dithiolate portion of the pyranopterin in providing an efficient superexchange pathway for electron transfer. The results of this study indicate that electron-transfer regeneration of the active site may be gated by the orientation of the Mo{double{underscore}bond}O bond relative to the ene-1,2-dithiolate chelate. Poor overlap between the Mo d{sub xy} orbital and the S{sub ip} orbitals of the dithiolate in the oxidized enzyme geometry may provide a means of preventing one-electron reduction of the active site, resulting in enzyme inhibition with respect to the two-electron oxidation of native substrates.« less
Prediction of environmental carcinogens: a strategy for the mid-1980s.

Both government and the private sector have developed methods capable of detecting potentially harmful agents. This information could be used to predict possible harmful effects, suggest mechanisms of action, make risk assessment thereof, and develop nonbiased protocols. The paper describes an artificial intelligence system (Computer-Automated Structure-Evaluation (CASE) that is capable of predicting harmful effects based on structural determinants. In addition, a matrix of strategies has been devised which uses the already generated information to identify the types of assays that are the most predictive as well as the most economical.