cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large deviations for the symmetric simple exclusion process in dimensions d ≥ 3

We consider symmetric simple exclusion processes with L=&ρmacr;Nd particles in a periodic d-dimensional lattice of width N. We perform the diffusive hydrodynamic scaling of space and time. The initial condition is arbitrary and is typically far away form equilibrium. It specifies in the scaling limit a density profile on the d-dimensional torus. We are interested in the large deviations of the empirical process, N−d[∑L1δxi(·)] as random variables taking values in the space of measures on D[0.1]. We prove a large deviation principle, with a rate function that is more or less universal, involving explicity besides the initial profile, only such canonical objects as bulk and self diffusion coefficients.
Consequence of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor activation in a human colon cancer cell line : A proteomic approach

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRPR) are aberrantly up-regulated in colon cancer. When expressed, they act as morphogens, retaining tumor cells in a better differentiated state and retarding metastasis. To identify targets activated in response to GRPR signaling we studied Caco-2 and HT-29 cells, colon cancer cell lines that expresses GRPR as a function of confluence. Total cell protein was extracted from pre-confluent cells (expressing GRP/GRPR) cultured in serum-free media in the presence or absence of GRPR-specific antagonist; as well as from confluent cells that do not express GRPR. Overall, we identified 5 proteins that are specifically down-regulated after GRP/GRPR expression: Bach2, creatine kinase B, p47, and two that could not be identified; and 6 proteins that are up-regulated: gephyrin, HSP70, HP1, ICAM-1, ACAT, and one that could not be identified. These findings suggest that the mechanism(s) by which GRP/GRPR mediate its morphogenic effects in colon cancer involve the act...
Photoemission Studies of the Electronic Structure of Cobalt

Photoemission measurements have been made on cobalt to study major features of its electronic structure over a large energy range. In the spectral range studied ($7.4 \mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\le}h\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\le}11.6 \mathrm{eV}$), nondirect transitions dominate. The optical density of states is determined from the photoemission and optical data. Peaks are found in the valence-band structure at about 0.3, 2.4, and 5.2 eV below the Fermi level, and no structure is found in the conduction band for $4.5 \mathrm{eV}\ensuremath{\le}E\ensuremath{-}{E}_{f}\ensuremath{\le}115 \mathrm{eV}$. The $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\sigma}$ curve is fitted reasonably well using the optical density of states and assuming nondirect transitions. A strong similarity is found between the optical density of filled states for Co and that of Ni and Fe. Thus the optical density of states for Fe, Co, and Ni do not seem to be related via the rigid-band model. A discussion is given on these data and their relevance to other related results.
Resonant Raman scattering in antiferromagnets

Two-magnon Raman scattering provides important information about electronic correlations in the insulating parent compounds of high-${T}_{c}$ materials. Recent experiments have shown a strong dependence of the Raman signal in ${B}_{1g}$ geometry on the frequency of the incoming photon. We present an analytical and numerical study of the Raman intensity in the resonant regime. It has been previously argued by Chubukov and Frenkel that the most relevant contribution to the Raman vertex at resonance is given by the triple resonance diagram. We derive an expression for the Raman intensity in which we simultaneously include the enhancement due to the triple resonance and a final-state interaction. We compute the two-magnon peak height (TMPH) as a function of incident frequency and find two maxima at ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{res}}^{(1)}\ensuremath{\approx}2\ensuremath{\Delta}+3J$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{res}}^{(2)}\ensuremath{\approx}2\ensuremath{\Delta}+8J.$ We argue that the high-frequency maximum is cut only by a quasiparticle damping, while the low-frequency maximum has a finite amplitude even in the absence of damping. We also obtain an evolution of the Raman profile from an asymmetric form around ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{res}}^{(1)}$ to a symmetric form around ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{res}}^{(2)}.$ We further show that the TMPH depends on the fermionic quasiparticle damping, the next-nearest-neighbor hopping term ${t}^{\ensuremath{'}},$ and the corrections to the interaction vertex between light and the fermionic current. We discuss our results in the context of recent experiments by Blumberg et al. on ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6.1}$ and R\"ubhausen et al. on ${\mathrm{PrBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and show that the triple resonance theory yields a qualitative and to some extent also quantitative understanding of the experimental data.
Simulated workplace protection factors for half-facepiece respiratory protective devices.

This study investigates two different methods (random effects model and 5th percentile) for determining the performance of three types of respiratory protective devices (elastomeric N95 respirators, N95 filtering-facepiece respirators, and surgical masks) during a simulated workplace test. This study recalculated the protection level of three types of respiratory protective devices using the random effects model, compared the two methods with each other and the APF of 10 for half-facepiece respirators, and determined the value of each of the fit test protocols in attaining the desired level of simulated workplace protection factor (SWPF). Twenty-five test subjects with varying face sizes tested 15 models of elastomeric N95 respirators, 15 models of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators, and 6 models of surgical masks. Simulated workplace testing was conducted using a TSI PORTACOUNT Plus model 8020 and consisted of a series of seven exercises. Six simulated workplace tests were performed with redonning of th...
Hydrocholeresis in rats undergoing hemorrhagic shock

Abstract The effects of 20% hemorrhage and sodium dehydrocholate on bile flow were determined in 25 rats. During the 110 min experimental period on each animal, determinations of blood pressure and normal bile flow were made and the effects of sodium dehydrocholate before and after hemorrhage were measured. Following the surgically controlled hemorrhage, the blood pressure was reduced 43.5% and the bile flow was reduced 24.7%. Sodium dehydrocholate caused a 130.6% increase in bile flow before hemorrhage and a 198.2% increase after hemorrhage when compared to the control periods prior to administration of the drug. It is concluded that hydrocholeresis as induced by sodium dehydrocholate is increased in the rat undergoing a 20% hemorrhage.
A new perspective in health planning: a case of Tianjin

Abstract This paper presents a unique set of data on health and housing in Tianjin, China, disaggregated by subdistricts. Data are collected from various bureaus and integrated with a geographical data base. The data are useful for health planners to Identify target subpopulations with poor health, but also for city planners to strengthen planning for infrastructure development according to the priority needs of subpopulation groups. The paper illustrates a method of identifying high-risk areas so that targeting of resources to address priority problems can be more effective and efficient.
Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2 Binds Adenine Nucleotides

Synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) is required for normal calcium-regulated secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters. Neurons lacking the two most widely expressed isoforms, SV2A and SV2B, have a reduced readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles, indicating that SV2 contributes to vesicle priming. The presence of putative ATP-binding sites in SV2 suggested that SV2 might be an ATP-binding protein. To explore this, we examined the binding of the photoaffinity reagent 8-azido-ATP[γ] biotin to purified, recombinant SV2 in the presence and absence of other nucleotides. Our results indicate that SV2A and SV2B bind nucleotides, with the highest affinity for adenine-containing nucleotides. SV2A contains two binding sites located in the cytoplasmic domains preceding the first and seventh transmembrane domains. These results suggest that SV2-mediated vesicle priming could be regulated by adenine nucleotides, which might provide a link between cellular energy levels and regulated secretion.
Studies on the mechanism of activation of mitotic histone H1 kinase.

Abstract A chromatin-associated histone H1 kinase has been detected in synchronized Novikoff hepatoma cells. Enzyme specific activity increased 4 to 6-fold from late G-2 to mid-metaphase, then decayed exponentially ( T 1 2 , 28.5 min) to the interphase level. Extracts of the mitotic kinase retained the ability to decay in vitro at 37°C but not at 0°C ( T 1 2 , 24 min), under conditions in which interphase activity was stable. Sedimentation rates in sucrose density gradients of interphase and mitotic enzymes (before and after decay) were identical. Purification did not alter the rate of enzyme decay. However, high ionic strength prevented decay of crude but not purified preparations of mitotic enzyme. The results are discussed in terms of an allosteric mechanism for reversible activation of enzyme activity.
On Predicting Softening Effects in Hard Turned Surfaces—Part I: Construction of Material Softening Model

The need for predicting material microstructure and hardness in hard turned surfaces becomes very urgent in that hard turning is adopted by industries as a finishing process, and the produced surface integrity, including microstructure and hardness, is well known to be a determining factor for part service performance. This study focuses on the prediction of material softening and is composed of two parts, namely, the construction of material softening model based on thermal history and the prediction of thermal history by finite element modeling of hard turning. In this part of the research, three material softening models based on thermal activation concept are proposed and compared. The most suitable model is selected for the work material, hardened AISI 52100 steel. The model prediction demonstrates excellent agreement with the hardness measurement on the specimens with isothermal or anisothermal treatments. For the isothermal treatments, the average prediction error; compared with the measured hardness, is 10.78 kg/mm 2 . As for the anisothermal treatments, the average error is 13.79 kg/mm 2 . The softening model provides a fundamental for the final prediction of material softening in hard turned surfaces.
The recipient origin of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in pulmonary transplant patients: A report of three cases

BACKGROUND An increased incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) as a result of immunosuppression has been suggested in combined heart-lung transplantation compared with other solid organ transplants, and represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality among lung transplant patients. Although infection with the Epstein–Barr virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PTLD, it is unclear if the PTLD is of donor or recipient origin in lung transplant patients. METHODS The case histories and histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic findings for the three patients who developed PTLD in the authors' transplantation program are presented. RESULTS All three patients developed PTLD of B-cell immunophenotype with two patients having evidence of monoclonality by Southern blotting DNA gene rearrangement analysis. The site of involvement by PTLD was the lung in two patients and the small bowel in the third. In one patient, two separate pulmonary lesions were found to be comprised of distinct clonal populations, one exhibiting κ and the other λ light chain restriction and each having different immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements. The Epstein–Barr virus genome was present in the PTLD from all three patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a polymorphic huntington gene or annexin III locus was used to identify the PTLD in all three patients as being of recipient origin. CONCLUSIONS PCR amplification of polymorphic genetic loci demonstrated the recipient origin of PTLD in these three pulmonary transplant patients. Cancer 1996;78:2223-8.
Postpericardiotomy syndrome following traumatic hemopericardium

I MPROVEMENTS in the emergency management of acute traumatic cardiac tamponade, both by pericardial aspiration [-1° and by operative therapy,"-IS have considerably lowered the mortality rate of patients suffering from traumatic heart disease . As a result, attention has been directed toward the more remote sequelae of traumatic hemopericardium, of which the late development of constrictive pericarditis19-27 is important but fortunately rare . 1,10,14,29 A complication that is substantially more frequent and that adds greatly to the morbidity of traumatic heart disease is the development of recurrent pericardial and often pleural effusion, accompanied by chest pain, pyrexia and occasionally cardiac tamponade occurring weeks or months after the original injury . This complication has been known to surgeons for many ycars4,r,9,20,36-37 but it has only recently commanded wider clinical interest because of its striking similarityd 8-4 o to such conditions as the postmyocardial infarction syndrome," recurrent idiopathic pericarditis42,43 and the postpericardiotomy syndrome that follows intracardiac surgery for rheumatic44,46 and congenital4s ,47 heart disease . Some degree of controversy concerning the etiology of the postcommissurotomy syndrome still exists, 48-51 and views as to its pathogenesis and that of the postmyocardial infarction syndrome and recurrent pericarditis are purely speculative ."-54 The presence of blood in the pericardial sac is a feature common to traumatic hemopericardium and the surgical postpericardiotomy syndrome, and a hemorrhagic pericardial reaction is seen in a significant number of cases of postmyocardial infarction syndrome" 5 5 and idiopathic pericarditis . 56 Furthermore, the intrapericardial injection of autogenous blood and lipid fractions
Perceived risk of chlamydial and gonococcal infection among sexually experienced young adults in the United States

Context: Understanding young adults perceived risk of chlamydial and gonococcal infection can inform interventions to reduce the prevalence of these sexually transmitted diseases. Methods: Bivariate and multivariate analyses using data from Wave 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (2001-2002) were conducted to examine relationships between perceived risk and selected characteristics in two groups: a nationally representative sample of sexually experienced 18-26-year-olds and a subsample of those who tested positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea. The relationship between current infection and perceived risk was also evaluated. Results: Only 14% of all respondents and 33% of infected participants reported some perceived risk of chlamydial or gonococcal infection. In the overall sample the odds of perceiving risk were significantly elevated among blacks Hispanics unmarried respondents inconsistent condom users and nonusers respondents who reported multiple partners in the past year those who had received a diagnosis of chlamydia or gonorrhea in the past year and those reporting current symptoms (odds ratios 1.5-3.3). Currently infected participants were significantly more likely than those who were not infected to perceive some risk of infection (2.4). Among infected respondents the factors positively associated with perceived risk were being black or Hispanic using condoms inconsistently or not using them having exchanged money for sex having been tested in the past year but with no diagnosis having received a diagnosis and reporting current symptoms (2.5- 5.2). Conclusions: Interventions to increase the accuracy of young adults risk perceptions may influence sexual and health care-seeking behaviors in a way that will reduce rates of Chlamydia and gonorrhea. (authors)
Language, self, and social order: A reformulation of Goffman and Sacks *

I propose that social order is most fruitfully understood as composed of two distinct forms of order, one of these corresponding with the constitutive nature of face-to-face interaction and the other with the accountable and rule-"governed" nature of institutions. This argument builds upon the separate contributions of Goffman, Garfinkel and Sacks to the notion of locally produced order. Their use of this idea distinguishes their work from a traditional perspective which assumes a dichotomy of individuals (or particular situations) and structures. Although Garfinkel's arguments have often been theoretical in nature, neither Goffman or Sacks has specifically addressed their theoretical differences from conventional theory. This paper will consider the relevance of certain ideas of Goffman and Sacks for a general theoretical view of social order in which meaning, self and institutional order are interactional achievements via locally produced orders constrained by, but not ordered by, institutional frameworks. Given this theoretical framework, studies in conversational analysis and ethnomethodology become the basis for a critique of traditional assumptions regarding order and meaning, a significance very different from the marginal status they now hold in the discipline.
Ultraviolet depolymerization of photoresist polymers

A new method for removal of thin films of photoresist polymers has been found. When polymeric films are exposed to ultraviolet light in the presence of air, the material can be removed leaving an extremely clean surface, free of carbonaceous material. This process has been examined for a variety of photoresist polymers as well as on nonphotoresist polymers and on a variety of substrates. The process offers a new method of photoresist removal.
Assessment of inpatient fragility fracture education and outpatient follow-up at an urban tertiary care institution

Objective: To assess the impact of inpatient fragility fracture education on follow-up care at an urban tertiary care center with a multidisciplinary inpatient education and follow-up initiative.Me...
The Relationship Between Wife’s Education and Husband’s Earnings: Evidence from 1960 to 2000

Previous research finds a positive relationship between a wife’s education and her husband’s earnings using data from the 1960s. Earlier theories suggest that benefits accrue from informational sharing between partners in a marriage. This paper tests the hypothesis that a wife’s education is positively associated with her husband’s earnings, using data from the 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses. Between 1960 and 2000, the educational attainment and labor-force participation of married women has increased dramatically. As women have embarked upon their own careers, has their education continued to be positively associated with their husbands’ earnings? Yes. The coefficient of the wife’s education remains positive and significant for all the years under study. The size of the coefficient decreases, however, from 1960 to 2000.
Conditional Tat protein expression in the GT-tg bigenic mouse brain induces gray matter density reductions

Tat (Trans-activator of transcription) is implicated in the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and known to contribute to neuronal damage and learning and memory impairments. However, direct neuroanatomical demonstration of Tat pathobiology is limited. GT-tg bigenic mice with a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible and brain-selective tat gene were used to test the hypothesis that conditional induction of Tat activity in brain can induce gray matter density abnormalities. Ultra high spatial resolution ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with a voxel based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed gray matter density reductions in the sublenticular extended amygdala, the amygdala, the amygdala-hippocampal area, piriform and peri-/entorhinal cortices, and hypothalamus, in Tat-expressing GT-tg mice compared to Dox-treated C57Bl/6J mice. These neuroanatomical abnormalities are consistent with regions expected to be abnormal based on behavioral deficits exhibited by Tat-expressing mice (Carey et al., 2012). These experiments provide the first neuroimaging evidence that conditional Tat protein expression in the GT-tg bigenic mouse model alters brain structure. The findings warrant future studies to further characterize effects of conditional Tat expression on brain structure. Such studies may improve our understanding of the neurological underpinnings of neuroAIDS and the neurodegeneration associated with HIV-1 infection, potentially leading to new treatments.
Transient dynamics of Josephson-coupled multilayers

Abstract A novel model is proposed to allow the exploration of the short-time (transient) dynamics of a superconductor–insulator multilayer with Josephson coupling between the layers. This model treats the charge on the layer interface planes as a dynamic variable, whose evolution is determined via the interlayer charge-current continuity equations. The high frequency current responses of both the superconducting and the insulating layers are included in the proper time domain form, derived for the general case of nonuniform layers from standard BCS theory. We present the model equations for the response of the system to an initial charge distribution, with the focus of determining the Josephson switching properties of an overdamped, nonuniform multilayer. Such structures may have potential applications in superconducting flux quantum electronics.
Socioemotional Aspects of Language and Social-Communication Disorders in Young Children and Their Families

Awareness of socioemotional issues related to childhood communication disorders is increasing. Three themes in recent research have obligated speech-language pathologists to become better educated ...
HALO—a fuzzy programming language

Abstract This paper deals with a fuzzy programming language, used in implementation of fuzzy intelligent systems. Borrowing from both high- and low-order languages, Halo ( H igh A nd L ow O rder) integrates the symbolic programming and order-independent structure of expert systems with the control structures and procedural abstraction of Pascal. The Halo language is based on possibility theory and consequently, is well-suited to expert system development. Halo , probably best described as a ‘fuzzy Pascal’, is simple to learn and use yet is powerful enough for complex artificial intelligence applications requiring structure, modularity, process control, and uncertainty management.
Transient Scattering of Elastic Waves by Dipping Layers of Arbitrary Shape Part 1: Antiplane Strain Model

Scattering of elastic waves by dipping layers of arbitrary shape embedded within an elastic half-space is investigated for a plane strain model by using a boundary method. Unknown scattered waves are expressed in the frequency domain in terms of wave functions which satisfy the equations of motion and appropriate radiation conditions at infinity. The steady state displacement field is evaluated throughout the elastic medium for different incident waves so that the continuity conditions along the interfaces between the layers and the traction-free conditions along the surface of the half-space are satisfied in the least-squares sense. Transient response is constructed from the steady state one through the Fourier synthesis. The results presented show that scattering of waves by dipping layers may cause locally very large amplification of surface ground motion. This amplification depends upon the type and frequency of the incident wave, impedance contrast between the layers, component of displacement which is being observed, location of the observation station and the geometry of the subsurface irregularity. These results are in agreement with recent experimental observations.
Identification of Small Molecule Inhibitors of Neurite Loss Induced by Aβ peptide using High Content Screening

Multiple lines of evidence indicate a strong relationship between Αβ peptide-induced neurite degeneration and the progressive loss of cognitive functions in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and in AD animal models. This prompted us to develop a high content screening assay (HCS) and Neurite Image Quantitator (NeuriteIQ) software to quantify the loss of neuronal projections induced by Aβ peptide neurons and enable us to identify new classes of neurite-protective small molecules, which may represent new leads for AD drug discovery. We identified thirty-six inhibitors of Aβ-induced neurite loss in the 1,040-compound National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) custom collection of known bioactives and FDA approved drugs. Activity clustering showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were significantly enriched among the hits. Notably, NSAIDs have previously attracted significant attention as potential drugs for AD; however their mechanism of action remains controversial. Our data revealed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was increased following Aβ treatment. Furthermore, multiple distinct classes of COX inhibitors efficiently blocked neurite loss in primary neurons, suggesting that increased COX activity contributes to Aβ peptide-induced neurite loss. Finally, we discovered that the detrimental effect of COX activity on neurite integrity may be mediated through the inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activity. Overall, our work establishes the feasibility of identifying small molecule inhibitors of Aβ-induced neurite loss using the NeuriteIQ pipeline and provides novel insights into the mechanisms of neuroprotection by NSAIDs.
Outcome of One-visit and Two-visit Endodontic Treatment of Necrotic Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial with One-year Evaluation

The choice of one-visit versus two-visit root canal therapy for necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis is a source of current debate. The primary objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare radiographic evidence of periapical healing after root canal therapy completed in one visit or two visits with an interim calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine paste dressing. Ninety-seven patients met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to either the one-visit or two-visit group, and root canal therapy was performed with a standardized protocol. Patients in the two-visit group received an intracanal dressing of calcium hydroxide/chlorhexidine paste. Sixty-three patients, 33 in the one-visit group and 30 in the two-visit group, were evaluated at 12 months. The primary outcome measure was change in apical bone density by using the periapical index (PAI). Secondary outcome measures were proportion of teeth healed or improved in each group. Both groups exhibited equally favorable periapical healing at 12 months, with no statistically significant differences between groups.
Quantitative vibrational dynamics of iron in nitrosyl porphyrins.

We use quantitative experimental and theoretical approaches to characterize the vibrational dynamics of the Fe atom in porphyrins designed to model heme protein active sites. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) yields frequencies, amplitudes, and directions for 57 Fe vibrations in a series of ferrous nitrosyl porphyrins, which provide a benchmark for evaluation of quantum chemical vibrational calculations. Detailed normal mode predictions result from DFT calculations on ferrous nitrosyl tetraphenylporphyrin Fe(TPP)(NO), its cation [Fe(TPP)(NO)] + , and ferrous nitrosyl porphine Fe(P)(NO). Differing functionals lead to significant variability in the predicted Fe-NO bond length and frequency for Fe(TPP)(NO). Otherwise, quantitative comparison of calculated and measured Fe dynamics on an absolute scale reveals good overall agreement, suggesting that DFT calculations provide a reliable guide to the character of observed Fe vibrational modes. These include a series of modes involving Fe motion in the plane of the porphyrin, which are rarely identified using infrared and Raman spectroscopies. The NO binding geometry breaks the four-fold symmetry of the Fe environment, and the resulting frequency splittings of the in-plane modes predicted for Fe(TPP)(NO) agree with observations. In contrast to expectations of a simple three-body model, mode energy remains localized on the FeNO fragment for only two modes, an N-O stretch and a mode with mixed Fe-NO stretch and FeNO bend character. Bending of the FeNO unit also contributes to several of the in-plane modes, but no primary FeNO bending mode is identified for Fe(TPP)(NO). Vibrations associated with hindered rotation of the NO and heme doming are predicted at low frequencies, where Fe motion perpendicular to the heme is identified experimentally at 73 and 128 cm -1 . Identification of the latter two modes is a crucial first step toward quantifying the reactive energetics of Fe porphyrins and heme proteins.
Environmental features are important in determining protein secondary structure

We have investigated amino acid features that determine secondary structure: (1) the solvent accessibility of each side chain, and (2) the interaction of each side chain with others one to four residues apart. Solvent accessibility is a simple model that distinguishes residue environment. The pairwise interactions represent a simple model of local side chain to side chain interactions. To test the importance of these features we developed an algorithm to separate α-helices, β-strands, and "other" structure. Single residue and pairwise probabilities were determined for 25,141 samples from proteins with <30% homology. Combining the features of solvent accessibility with pairwise probabilities allows us to distinguish the three structures after cross validation at the 82.0% level. We gain 1.4% to 2.0% accuracy by optimizing the propensities, demonstrating that probabilities do not necessarily reflect propensities. Optimization of residue exposures, weights of all probabilities, and propensities increased accuracy to 84.0%.
Early axon patterns of the spinal cord: experiments with a computer.

Abstract In the vertebrate central nervous system, most axons appear in one of two elemental patterns—sheets or bundles. Many developmental mechanisms are involved in the formation of the elemental axon patterns, and these mechanisms often act simultaneously. The major axon-patterning mechanisms include differential adhesivity, internal growth constraints on axons, and initial orientation of axonal outgrowth. To evaluate the effects of these mechanisms on the formation of axon patterns, a computer was used to model axonal growth. Experiments with the computer model suggest that axon sheets are produced by the cooperative action of more than one mechanism. Furthermore, in the appropriate combination, these mechanisms produce orderly axon sheets even on patternless substrates. On the other hand, to transform the sheets into axon bundles, the substrate must be patterned.
The depolarization interaction of adsorbed non-polar molecules

The depolarizing interaction between two non-polar molecules, on a metal surface, is investigated. It is found that the classical depolarizing field between two dipole moments is sufficient to describe the interaction for spherically symmetric molecules or atoms. However the effective polarizability should be used instead of the free atom polarizability. For an anisotropic molecule there is a correction to the classical result of up to about twenty percent at a monolayer coverage. L'interaction depolarisante entre deux molecules non-polaire, sur la surface metalique, est examinee. II est montre que le champ classique depolarisant entre deux moments dipolaire est suffisant pour decrire l'interaction pour des molecules ou atomes de symmetrie spherique. Cependant, on deurait utilise la polarisabilite effective au lieu de la polarisabilite d'un atome libre. Pour une molecule anisotrope, il y une correction du resultat classique de presque vingt pourcent pour une simple couche.
The Intellectual Construction of the Fifth Empire: Legitimating the Braganza Restoration

Summary Under the Iberian Union, the Portuguese discourse on empire had been both relatively muted and intertwined with Spanish debates. The Braganza Restoration presented a radical break from this tradition. A new network of preachers, theologians and jurists from the four corners of the Portuguese empire made the case for the recovery of independence. Instead of buttressing a common moral universe and the old pan-Iberian network of higher learning, the new network focused its energies on the establishment of the particularity of the Portuguese imperial and missionary enterprises. The contribution explores the importance of networks in establishing intellectual independence and the strategies employed by the partisans of the newly independent Portugal. It was no longer good enough for Portugal to be the other Iberian empire; her very raison d'etre was now to become the only Iberian empire.
Regularity Properties of Optimal Maps Between Nonconvex Domains in the Plane

Given two bounded open subsets Ω, Λ ⊂ ℝ d , and two densities f and g concentrated on Ω and Λ, respectively, we investigate the regularity of the optimal map ∇ϕ sending f onto g. We show that, if f...
The intersegmental muscles of silkmoths: Ionic components of activity

Abstract Spike generation in intersegmental muscles of Saturniid pupae has been demonstrated to occur in the presence of divalent cations. Summated end-plate potentials with small regenerative components appear in haemolymph and solutions containing 0·2 to 2 mM Ca. Regenerative depolarizing responses occur in the presence of 7·5 mM Ba or Sr. The resting potential is dependent primarily on the distribution of K, while movement of Cl ions accounts for about half of the resting conductance. In contrast to the muscle, the central nervous system is sensitive to tetrodotoxin and its normal function appears to depend on the presence of some Na ions.
Educating for visual perceptual development through computer graphics technology

The author outlines methods educators can use to develop visual perceptual skills through emerging computer graphics technology. It is argued that, if visual educators can identify methods for developing visual perception and implement these methods into curricula, then students may be able to master a wider array of visual tasks more rapidly with increased visual understanding. The development of visual perception should first be adopted as a major curricular goal of engineering graphics. It is suggested that curricula can be reformatted to provide increased visual perceptual experience. One possibility would be to structure curricula so that they provide a series of instructional steps that lead a student more slowly, i.e. lead from perceiving and drawing real 3-D objects (cut blocks or machine parts), to perceiving and drawing isometrics, to perceiving and drawing isometrics, to perceiving and drawing multiviews. These steps move in a smooth progression from the real to the abstract and provide the inexperienced student with a greater number of intermediate steps to provide perceptual experience he or she may not have received in the past. >
Muscles proximal to the fracture plane atrophy after limb autotomy in decapod crustaceans

In crabs (Carcinus and Uca) and crayfish (Procambarus), autotomy of distal limb segments is followed by atrophy of all leg muscles proximal to the fracture plane. The extent of the reversible muscle degeneration was revealed in light micrographs and was quantified by extracting the muscles and weighing them. In the period between autotomy and the next molt, the muscles which move the limb stump shrink to approximately 50% of the weight of contralateral muscles proximal to an intact leg. The atrophied muscles appear wasted in situ and in cross section, but are still innervated and continue to be activated.
Carbon dioxide adsorption on MgO(001)–CO2 kinetics and dynamics

Abstract Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and molecular beam scattering were used to characterize the adsorption kinetics and dynamics, respectively, of CO 2 on MgO(001). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy as well as low energy electron diffraction were used for sample characterization. TDS revealed two CO 2 desorption peaks at 200 K and 260 K, consistent with carbonate decomposition. XPS of adsorbed CO 2 did reveal one broad C1s structure at 289.4 eV which also indicates carbonate formation. Carbonates decompose into CO 2 , CO, and O 2 as evident from multi-mass TDS. CO 2 beam scattering indicates non-activated and precursor-mediated adsorption with a low impact energy adsorption probability of 0.74.
DSM-5 proposals for paraphilias: suggestions for reducing false positives related to use of behavioral manifestations.

During each of the revisions of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Workgroups comprised of experts in their respective fields are convened with the goal of considering changes to the diagnostic criteria. Based on my experiences working on the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV revisions, there is a natural tendency for Workgroups to focus on making changes aimed at broadening the diagnostic umbrella of their assigned categories with the goal of increasing diagnostic coverage, i.e., reducing what they consider to be false negatives, an effort which inevitably comes at the cost of increasing false positives (Pincus, Frances, Davis, First, & Widiger, 1992).In the overall scheme of the DSM, false positives (i.e., erroneously giving a diagnostic label to an individual for whom it is not justified) are problematic because of the unnecessary stigma and inappropriate treatment that may result. However, because of their central role as a proxy for th... Language: en
Sensation seeking, felt gender compatibility and psychosocial adjustment in women

Past research has linked higher felt gender compatibility with higher psychosocial adjustment (Egan and Perry, 2001), and sensation seeking (SS) with masculinity and poorer psychosocial adjustment (Zuckerman, 1979; 1994). The present study hypothesized that women high in SS would report low levels of felt gender compatibility and adjustment, and that felt compatibility would mediate the relationship between SS and psychosocial adjustment in women. In line with predictions, certain forms of felt gender compatibility mediated the relationship between certain forms of SS and psychosocial adjustment. Boredom susceptibility was most problematic for women at a state university, whereas disinhibition was most problematic for women at a religious university. Results replicate and extend past research, and suggest potential interventions for high SS women experiencing low levels of felt gender compatibility.
Estimating the correlation coefficient in the presence of correlated observations from a bivariate normal population

Estimation of the correlation coefficient between two variates (p) in the presence of correlated observations from a bivar iate normal population is considered The estimated maximum likelihood estimator (EMLE), an estimate based on the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), is proposed and studied for the estimation of p For the large sample case , approximate expressions foi the variance and the bias of the Pearson estimate of the correlation coefficient are derived. These expressions suggests that the Pearson’s estimator possesses high mean square error (MSE) in estimating ρ in comparison to the MLE The MSE is particularly high when the observations within clusters aie highly correlated. The Pearson’s estimate, the MLE, and the EMLE aie evaluated in a simulation study This study shows that the proposed EMLE pefoims bettei than the Pearson’s correlation coefficient except when the number of clusters is small.
Tumor-associated antigen is expressed on lymphocytes from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Monoclonal antibody BE2 recognizes an antigen found on malignant T4+ lymphocytes from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients (CTCL). Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes do not express detectable levels of BE2 antigen. Forty-eight percent of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had lymphocyte populations that were reactive with monoclonal antibody BE2. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy homosexuals, patients with classical Kaposi's sarcoma or viral syndromes and healthy normal controls were BE2-. Double-labeling studies demonstrated that BE2+ cells were T lymphocytes This observation demonstrates that some AIDS patients as well as CTCL patients have circulating cells that express a common lymphocyte abnormality.
Method for the prediction of malfunctions of buildings through real energy consumption analysis: Holistic and multidisciplinary approach of Energy Signature

Abstract The article explains the stages of a research project aimed at establishing an analytical methodology to analyse the energy performance of existing buildings through Energy Signature (ES), a monitoring method in which measured consumption is related to climatic variables. The energy consumption of buildings represents a large percentage of the total consumption of a country. The consumptions are often higher than those actually needed to ensure optimal conditions for the comfort of a zone, due to both typological defects (poor thermal insulation, thermal bridges, etc.), and wrong behaviour of users. ES has a two-fold purpose: on one hand it can be used as a pre-energy audit by a professional to highlight the glaring problems. On the other hand it can be a valuable tool for raising end users’ awareness. The goal of the present study is to define a new accurate calculation method, called MESH, aimed at characterizing the ES from a scientific point of view. In the article, the ES is applied to the heating period; the method can also be used to analyse other types of energy consumption, such as cooling and electrical consumption; in this case it is important to define the appropriate climatic variable.
The Human Herpes Virus 8-encoded Viral FLICE Inhibitory Protein Physically Associates with and Persistently Activates the IκB Kinase Complex

The human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8, also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) has been linked to Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) in immunocompromised individuals. We demonstrate that PEL cell lines have a constitutively active NF-κB pathway, which is associated with persistent phosphorylation of IκBα. To elucidate the mechanism of NF-κB activation in PEL cell lines, we have investigated the role of viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) in this process. We report that stable expression of HHV8 vFLIP in a variety of cell lines is associated with persistent NF-κB activation caused by constitutive phosphorylation of IκBα. HHV8 vFLIP gets recruited to a ∼700-kDa IκB kinase (IKK) complex and physically associates with IKKα, IKKβ, NEMO/IKKγ, and RIP. HHV8 vFLIP is incapable of activating NF-κB in cells deficient in NEMO/IKKγ, thereby suggesting an essential role of an intact IKK complex in this process. Our results suggest that HHV8 vFLIP might contribute to the persistent NF-κB activation observed in PEL cells by associating with and stimulating the activity of the cellular IKK complex.
Lattice-dependent magnetic structure in quantum network simulations of high-T c superconductors

High-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} superconductors exhibit reproducible magnetoconductance and microwave absorption spectra in weak magnetic fields. We have modeled the high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} ceramics as a network of superconducting wires weakly coupled at nodes. The conductivity and magnetization spectra for a large number of two- and three-dimensional regular lattice simulations at zero temperature are shown to exhibit periodic structure. Similar calculations have been carried out on two- and three-dimensional regular and irregular annuli. We examine this structure in detail by relating the power spectrum to the flux through all possible areas in the networks. This is done by showing that the total network {ital S} matrix is a function of the flux through an independent set of fundamental closed loops in the network. The zero-temperature calculations are extended to finite temperatures using a Monte Carlo method.
A pen-based tool for efficient labeling of 2D sketches

High quality labeled data is essential for developing and evaluating sketch recognition algorithms. Unfortunately, labeling freely-drawn sketches is time-consuming and difficult, if not impossible, using current technologies. These difficulties and the resulting lack of labeled data fundamentally limit the development of recognition algorithms. We present an intuitive, direct manipulation pen-based application for labeling sketch data in any two-dimensional domain. Our labeling tool supports the three essential sketch recognition labeling tasks: stroke fragmentation, stroke grouping and label application. Our interface integrates standard and novel interaction techniques to make each task efficient and natural. In a user study, all users felt that labeling data with our tool was quick and efficient.
On the effect of recording aperture in migration of vertical seismic profile data

Miller et al. (1984) presents examples of different images of a pattern of point diffractors obtained by migrating data from various sources and receivers. In particular, they consider combinations of vertical seismic profile (VSP) and surface survey data. Related VSP studies by Kohler and Koenig (1984), Hu and McMechan (1986), Chang and McMechan (1986), and by Sun and McMechan (1986) suggest the importance of multiple offsets for imaging of complicated structures in VSP experiments. The key point is similar to that made by Berkhout (1980), namely, image resolution varies directly with recording aperture. Physically, of course, reconstruction of a structural image by migration can utilize only those waves that were recorded. Partial data produce partial images.
IL-1α Signaling Initiates the Inflammatory Response to Virulent Legionella pneumophila In Vivo

Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that is the cause of a severe pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires' disease. A key feature of L. pneumophila pathogenesis is the rapid influx of neutrophils into the lungs, which occurs in response to signaling via the IL-1R. Two distinct cytokines, IL-1α and IL-1β, can stimulate the type I IL-1R. IL-1β is produced upon activation of cytosolic sensors called inflammasomes that detect L. pneumophila in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, we find no essential role for IL-1β in neutrophil recruitment to the lungs in response to L. pneumophila. Instead, we show that IL-1α is a critical initiator of neutrophil recruitment to the lungs of L. pneumophila-infected mice. We find that neutrophil recruitment in response to virulent L. pneumophila requires the production of IL-1α specifically by hematopoietic cells. In contrast to IL-1β, the innate signaling pathways that lead to the production of IL-1α in response to L. pneumophila remain poorly defined. In particular, although we confirm a role for inflammasomes for initiation of IL-1β signaling in vivo, we find no essential role for inflammasomes in production of IL-1α. Instead, we propose that a novel host pathway, perhaps involving inhibition of host protein synthesis, is responsible for IL-1α production in response to virulent L. pneumophila. Our results establish IL-1α as a critical initiator of the inflammatory response to L. pneumophila in vivo and point to an important role for IL-1α in providing an alternative to inflammasome-mediated immune responses in vivo.