cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BETTER LIVING THROUGH REALITY TV: TELEVISION AND POST-WELFARE CITIZENSHIP: By Laurie Ouellette and James Hay. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008. 255 pp. $32.00 paperback.

Laurie Ouellette and James Hay argue in their book, Better Living Through Reality TV, that reality television is able to exist logically in the media landscape because of neoliberalism and that neo...
An alternatively spliced, 5′-truncated MAP1B isoform is expressed in the developing chick nervous system

Our laboratory has previously characterized a keratan sulfate proteoglycan, named claustrin, and shown by molecular cloning that claustrin and the mouse MAP1B protein share high homology, with claustrin representing a 5'-truncated fragment of MAP1B. In the present study, we examine further the relationship between claustrin and MAP1B, and also describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding the 3'-region of MAP1B, which shares 3'-untranslated sequence, but not coding sequence, with claustrin. We call this partial cDNA 3'-MAP1B-related clone (3'-MRC), since it is homologous to the 3'-region of the mouse MAP1B sequence. We show by Northern analysis that distinct mRNAs are recognized by the claustrin and 3'-MRC cDNAs, and by RT-PCR that mRNAs encoding these distinct MAP1B-related molecules are present in embryonic chick brain and cardiac and smooth muscle. Our data also suggest a higher level of expression of claustrin mRNA in astrocyte cultures, when compared to 3'-MRC. Our data therefore provide new evidence that alternatively spliced variants of MAP1B are expressed in brain, and that at least one of these variants encodes the claustrin proteoglycan.
The ``Indumor'' A Kinematic Device which Indicates the Performance of a Polyphase Induction Machine

A kinematic device is described and illustrated which represents the vector diagram of a polyphase induction machine. The parts are made to assume at will different positions corresponding to different loads of an induction motor or generator. The primary and the secondary constants, the magnetizing current, and the core loss, are also adjustable at will. The device permits the visualization of the performance of an induction machine and can be used for a study of a given machine or for a selection of the constants to give the desired performance characteristics of a new machine. The input, output, torque, speed, power factor, etc., can be read off on the device as in an actual brake test. The kinematic connections consist mainly of generalized proportional dividers and of parallel tongs, so combined as to satisfy a system of simultaneous vectorial equations which represent the properties of the machine. Further applications of the device to polyphase commutator motors are suggested.
Iododeoxyuridine and Herpesviral Encephalitis: Lack of Inhibitory Action Against Low-Grade Viral Replication

Equine herpesvirus 1 replicated in the brains of 2-week-old mice but did not produce fatal encephalitis; it thus simulated the majority of cases of herpes simplex encephalitis in man. This replication was not inhibited by iododeoxyuridine, although in tissue cultures the equine and human viruses were equally susceptible. The continued use of iododeoxyuridine for human encephalitis should be seriously questioned.
The measurement of directional permeability and the application in thermal recovery projects

An instrument has been designed, constructed, and tested for measuring 3-dimensional, directional permeability. Gas at known pressures flows radially from the center of 3-in. diameter sandstone samples to the surface at atmospheric pressure. The volumetric flow rate over small areas of the surface is measured by a special probe connected to a soap film flowmeter. Permeability at each point can be calculated by a modified version of the well known equation for spherical flow of a compressible fluid. Graphs of the reciprocal of the square root of the permeability on polar coordinates give the expected ellipse in some, but not all cases. The results also have been plotted as stereographic projections, which can then be used to estimate permeability in directions other than those for which it was measured.
Photodetachment of H- in an electric field.

A simple analytic formula for the photodetachment cross section of H/sup -/ in an electric field is derived. The formula becomes identical to a formula derived many years ago in the vanishing-field limit. Three special features appear in the cross section in the presence of an electric field: a quantum tunneling effect, a new threshold law, and oscillations. These appear when the photon energy is, respectively, less than, equal to, or greater than the binding energy of H/sup -/. Enough information is provided in this paper so that one can calculate the cross section quickly.
Metazoan replication-dependent histone mRNAs: a distinct set of RNA polymerase II transcripts

Metazoan replication-dependent histone mRNAs are the only eukaryotic mRNAs that lack polyA tails. The genes for the five histone proteins have remained physically linked during evolution. Expression of histone mRNAs and histone proteins requires a unique set of factors, and may be coordinated by association of the histone genes with Cajal bodies. Recently several novel factors, including components of the U7 snRNP, as well as proteins involved in regulation of histone gene expression, have been described.
Detecting nonsolar planets by spinning infrared interferometer

THE only known planets are the nine in our Solar System, so the origin of the Solar System and of stars in general would be clarified if other planetary systems could be discovered. Likewise, speculation about life in the Galaxy would benefit from knowing which stars have planets. Astrometry, radial velocity measurement, and direct photography from orbit might detect planets, but none of these approaches will be easy. Astrometry would require detection of the motion of a stellar image, relative to background stars, by ±0.5 arcms as 12 yr elapse (for a system identical to the Sun plus Jupiter but situated at a distance of 10 pc). Alternatively, a radial velocity change of ±12 m s−1 over the 12 yr would reveal a Jupiter-like planet which would mean detecting a spectral line shift of 2×10−4 line widths in a line 0.1 nm wide. The instruments required would need stability over a period of years as well as sensitivity. Direct photography from orbit would invoke precision apodisation and would require surface accuracies on optical surfaces of hitherto unattained quality. The new infrared method proposed here also needs to be considered.
Schematic processing of smoking information by smokers and never-smokers

The present study was designed to assess whether smokers and never-smokers differ in the manner in which they process smoking-related information. Twenty-four smokers and 29 never-smokers participated in a schema reaction time task, in which judgments were made as to the applicability of a series of attributes to smoking (as well as two sets of control stimuli). One-half the subjects rated these attributes with respect to smoking in general, while the rest of the subjects did so in a condition designed to enhance self-referent processing. For all groups, an incidental recall test followed the presentation of smoking stimuli. Results indicated that while groups did not differ in their responses to control stimuli, there were reliable differences between smokers' and never-smokers' responses to smoking attributes on all dependent measures (i.e., latency, confidence ratings, and number of endorsements). Smokers responded in a manner indicative of schematic processing to positively valenced attributes, while never-smokers demonstrated facilitated processing of negatively valenced attributes. However, neversmokers demonstrated expected within-group differences, while smokers did not. In addition, no effect for the self-referencing manipulation was evident. These findings are discussed with regard to the nature of information processing in smokers.
The Chopin Affair: George Sand's Rivalry with her Daughter

In 1838, George Sand (the pen name of Aurore Dupin Dudevant) and Frederic Chopin began a love affair that lasted nine years. This long-term relationship came to an end in 1847 when, according to Sa...
Translocation as a conservation tool: site fidelity and movement of repatriated gopher tortoises ( Gopherus polyphemus )

Efforts to evaluate the efficacy of translocation as a conservation tool have mostly been inadequate, particularly for reptiles and amphibians, leading many biologists to discount translocation as a viable management option. Nevertheless, with two-thirds of the world's tortoise and freshwater turtle species at risk, translocation may be one of the few remaining options for re-establishing extirpated populations and reconnecting fragmented ones. We translocated 106 gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) to a protected area within the historical range but with no resident tortoises and tested the effects of penning on site fidelity and activity area size. We assigned 38 adults and subadults to one of three penning treatments (9 months, 12 months and no penning) and radio-tracked them for 2 years. Penning significantly increased site fidelity and resulted in smaller activity areas. Our data suggest that translocation coupled with penning will improve the likelihood of establishing self-sustaining tortoise populations.
Generalized method for prediction of saturated liquid volumes using Van der Waals volumes

The modified Rackett equation represents a simple and very widely used method to predict saturated liquid volumes. In addition to being fairly accurate, this equation is mathematically continuous and renders expressions for first and second derivatives of saturated liquid volume needed for computations of thermodynamic properties such as enthalpies and heat capacities from certain liquid state equations of state that use saturated liquid volume. The objective of this work is to further enhance the applicability of the modified Rackett equation by developing a correlation for the parameter Z{sub RA} with Van der Waals volume of the molecule and with a volume parameter calculated by summing the UNIFAC volume parameters (R) of individual groups making up the molecule. The data used in this work included 124 compounds classified into various families. These compounds included high molecular weight aromatics and heterocycles, phenols, and some amines.
Monoclonal B Lymphocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abnormalities in the B lymphocyte population may be relevant to certain altered in vitro immune re­ sponses in patients with inflammatory bowel dis­ ease. Using a cytofluorometric detection system, we looked for lymphocytes having homogeneous amounts of surface immunoglobulin of only one light-chain class. We studied the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 20 patients with ulcerative colitis and Grohn's disease. Lymphocytes from 12 of 20 patients (60%) with inflammatory bowel disease expressed abnormal light-chain distributions re­ gardless of disease activity, type of disease, or steroid therapy. None of the 15 age-matched normal controls or 12 patients with other intestinal inflam­ matory conditions showed abnormal light-chain dis­ tributions (p > 0.01). The data indicate that there are increased numbers of monoclonal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of some patients with in­ flammatory bowel disease. One explanation to ac­ count for these findings is the possible presence of an abnormality of immune regulation that permits proliferation of such clones. Abnormal in vitro immune responses in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease may reflect abnormalities in lymphocyte populations. We decided to study the B lymphocyte using light-chain markers. The light chains of the surface immuno­ globulin of the B cell can be used to detect monoclo
The Obsession with Eros as Pointing beyond Itself

An obvious manifestation of the problematic nature of eros for modern people which lends itself to phenomenological reflection is the way contemporary culture is increasingly ‘obsessed with sex.’ Problems of sexuality almost always present themselves as embedded in the larger and more earthshaking problems of eros. As we have already seen in the chapter on ‘Sexuality and Infatuation,’ sexuality originarily intends not merely the reduction of a physiological deficit, but rather that I become an object of sexual attention and admiration for the other’s subjectivity. Thus the sexual urge ultimately intends that infatuation feelings develop, which in the case of beings whose consciousness is well-developed also tends to lead toward a space of empathy. And the space of empathy, when combined with sexual and infatuation feelings, will lead at times of existential need to the full feeling of eros.
E2F-4 Switches from p130 to p107 and pRB in Response to Cell Cycle Reentry

The E2F transcription factor couples the coordinate expression of cell cycle proteins to their appropriate transition points. Its activity is controlled by the cell cycle regulators pRB, p107, and p130. These bind to E2F at defined but distinct stages of the cell cycle. Using specific antisera, we have identified the DP and E2F components of each of these species. Although present at very different levels, DP-1 and DP-2 are evenly distributed among each of these complexes. In contrast, the individual E2Fs have distinctly different binding profiles. Consistent with previous studies, E2F-1, E2F-2, and E2F-3 bind specifically to the retinoblastoma protein. In each case, their expression and DNA binding activity are restricted to post-G1/S fractions. Surprisingly, E2F-1 and E2F-3 make unequal contributions to the pRB-associated and free E2F activity, suggesting that these proteins perform different cell cycle functions. Most significantly, this study showed E2F-4 accounts for the vast majority of the endogenous E2F activity. In arrested cells, E2F-4 is sequestered by the p130 protein. However, as the cells pass the G1-to-S transition, the levels of pRB and p107 increase and E2F-4 now associates with both of these regulators. Despite this, a considerable amount of E2F-4 exists as free E2F. In G1 cells, this accounts for almost all of the free activity. Once the cells enter S phase, free E2F is composed of an equal mixture of E2F-4 and E2F-1.
Use of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Closed Surgical Incision After Total Ankle Arthroplasty.

Background:Wound healing problems of the anterior ankle incision are among the most common complications after total ankle arthroplasty, possibly resulting in exposure of the prostheses and infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in decreasing the rate of wound healing problems after total ankle arthroplasty.Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study including consecutive patients who underwent total ankle arthroplasty by a single surgeon at a single institution between 2009 and 2013. The incisional negative pressure dressing was applied to all patients who underwent total ankle arthroplasty between 2012 and 2013 with a continuous application of −80 mm Hg negative pressure for 6 days postoperatively. The control group consisted of patients who underwent total ankle arthroplasty between 2009 and 2012 with a conventional nonadherent gauze dressing. Seventy-four patients were involved in this study: 37 in the control group and 37 in the incisio...
Combinatorial Selection and Binding of Phosphorothioate Aptamers Targeting Human NF-κB RelA(p65) and p50†

Previously, we reported the in vitro combinatorial selection of phosphorothioate aptamers or “thioaptamers” targeting the transcription factor NF-IL6. Using the same approach and purified recombinant human NF-κB proteins RelA(p65) and p50, duplex thioaptamers have been selected that demonstrate high-affinity, competitive binding with the duplex 22-mer binding site, IgκB. Binding energetics of RelA(p65) and p50 homodimers were studied using a quantitative electrophoretic mobility shift assay or EMSA. As a reference system for competitive aptamer binding, the duplex 22-mer phosphoryl binding site known as Igκ was determined to bind each p65 and p50 homodimer with a 1:1 stoichiometry and with affinities, determined by global analysis, Kd = 4.8 ± 0.2 nM for p65 and Kd = 0.8 ± 0.2 nM for p50. A global analysis tool for competitive NF-κB/Igκ binding was developed and utilized to measure the affinity of thioaptamers selected by both p65 and p50. The competition results indicate that the thioaptamers bind and com...
Spin Polarized Tunneling at the Metal-Insulator Transition

We have determined the spin polarized density of states (DOS) of 3-d amorphous GdxSi1-x in the quantum critical regime of a tunable Metal-Insulator Transition (MIT). Using a spin polarized BCS DOS we fit the data and extract the spin polarization P.
Natural fire regimes as spatial models for managing boreal forests

Abstract Because organisms have adapted to the natural disturbance regimes of forest ecosystems such as fires and windfalls, conservationists often suggest that timber harvesting systems be designed to imitate natural disturbance regimes. Using the crown fires that shape true boreal forest ecosystems as spatial models for harvesting would require very large clearcuts; in two studies, mean fire size was 12 710 ha (in Labrador) and 7 764 ha (in Quebec). Most conservationists would be reluctant to advocate such large clearcuts and it is not easy to justify them from the perspectives of various ethical systems. A solution is proposed in which moderate-sized clearcuts would be clustered into portions of land areas bounded by water-bodies. These water-bounded areas have an average size of 770 ha in Labrador and 322 ha in Quebec.
Advantage of knee height over height as an index of stature in expression of body composition in adults.

It is not clear how body composition should best be compared between subjects, but it is accepted that simply comparing total mass or percentage fat-free mass (FFM) or fat mass (FM) is not adequate. Indexing body composition to stature seems more appropriate. but the decline in height with age or osteoporosis could confound comparisons ofbody composition across age or disease groups. Using bioimpedance data from 600 adults in the Framingham Offspring Study, we examined the ability of height and knee height indexes to correctly describe the loss of FFM seen with increasing age between 28 and 75 y. Indexing body composition to height obscured the loss of FFM with age (r = -0.065. P < 0.26 for men: r = -0.050, P < 0.394 for women), whereas indexing body composition to knee height preserved the correct information (r = -0. 154. P < 0.007 for men: r = -0. 16 1, P < 0.006 for women). These data suggest that knee height is a reliable surrogate for stature and should be used to adjust body composition measurements when bioimpedance is used to estimate body composition. Am J C/inNuir 1993:57:609-13.
A hybrid fractionally spaced digitally controlled equalizer for satellite systems

A fractionally tapped equalization structure is described for a satellite communication system where the equalization is performed at passband and the tap weight corrections are derived at baseband and stored digitally. This structure is ideal for a 120 Mb/s TDMA environment, in contrast with a purely baseband equalizer, since successive bursts can be handled adequately, separate equalization of each transmitter-receiver link is not necessary, and independent control of amplitude and phase exists, due to the fractional nature of the equalizer. Computer simulation of the structure indicates good performance with respect to bit error rate for certain classes of performance. Implementation can be accomplished with currently available technology. >
On the confirmation of an effect of magnetic fields on the interictal firing rate of epileptic patients.

Abstract The effect of magnetic fields on interictal firing rates was investigated in three epileptic patients with depth electrode implantation in the hippocampus for pre-surgical evaluation. The protocol consisted of 10 min test periods, during which magnetic fields were cycled for 1 min on and 1 min off, and intervening 5 min rest periods. Only one patient revealed a 95% significant increase in the10 s after the fields were switched on compared with the background estimate from the 10 s before the fields were applied. This patient was also the only patient to show significant increases in firing rates during field-on compared with field-off periods, and during magnetic field test periods compared with intervening rest periods. This patient had a right hippocampal seizure onset. All patients showed increased firing rates during the 10 min periods of magnetic field testing compared to the 5 min rest periods between tests. This result was significant for the group at the 99% level. Two patients with right temporal lobe onset showed greater activity in the right hippocampus than the left. All patients exhibited a progressive increase in firing rates in rest periods between tests.
Developing uncertainty measures for classification using information theoretic techniques in induction and validation

Learning or classifying under uncertainty and using the results of learning in subsequent deductive inference are discussed. The relationship between information theoretic techniques and validation techniques is an important component of this investigation. The specific focus is on developing the framework for a general learning paradigm and presenting techniques for uncertainty representations in clustering within this framework. A probabilistic inference network is used to reason with the results of the clustering and classification on a given data set and possibly some a priori information. The properties of appropriate uncertainty representations are developed to define specific requirements for the uncertainty measures in cluster analysis. This approach selects the distribution which uses the information provided by the cluster analysis without imposing any further bias on class assignment. >
Domain Boundaries formed during Epitactical Growth of α-Al 2 O 3

Domain boundaries have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy in single crystal [0001] α-Al 2 O 3 epitactically regrown after being amorphized by stoichiometric ion implantation. The domains are facetted on {11 2 0} and have dislocation-like features at facet intersections. End-of-range dislocation loops on (0001) appear to be the nucleation site for the domains. Diffraction contrast, high resolution imaging, and convergent beam electron diffraction techniques showed that two types of domains are present which involve cation stacking sequences which are out of phase with the matrix as a result of translation along and/or inversion of [0001]. The non-inverted regions can be described as anti-phase domains, whereas those with [0001] inverted also have a basal twin character.
Acting to Save Our Schools (1984–1994)

Throughout much of his life, Burhrus Frederick Skinner (1904–1990) advocated that science ought to act to save our world. Skinner was concerned about the failure of the educational establishment to draw on a superior pedagogy made possible by the science of behavior, particularly given the poor state of American schools. He characterized the dilemma in the title of his paper as “The Shame of American Education” (Skinner, 1984).
Effects of Temperature on Phytoplankton Growth

Presently, efforts are being made to develop predictive mathematical models for water quality and food chains in lakes, rivers, and estuaries. Temperature is an important physical factor influencing the growth of planktonic plants. The effects of temperature on growth have not been investigated systematically for freshwater algae. This note reports the results of a literature review whose purpose was to define the effect of temperature on the growth of different phytoplankton groups. All surveyed data are listed in tabular form. A graphical interpretation of these data is presented that separates the effects into four phytoplankton taxa. This literature review provides a comprehensive data base which can be used to quantify phytoplanktonic growth responses to temperature. Quantification of these effects is essential for the construction of a multigroup phytoplankton model.
Care of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

The objectives in caring for patients who are undergoing hemodialysis include providing sufficient dialysis, ensuring adequate nutrition, maintaining vascular access, correcting hormonal deficiencies, minimizing hospitalization, and prolonging life while enhancing its quality. Dose of Hemodialysis The dose of dialysis, which depends on the length of treatment, the type of dialyzer membrane, and solute clearance, is the most important modifiable determinant of survival in patients with end-stage renal disease who are receiving hemodialysis.1–5 In the United States, the mean length of hemodialysis treatment is 3.5 hours three times a week and the mean rate of urea clearance is about 188 . . .
Management of recurrent laryngeal sensory neuropathic symptoms.

ObjectivesWe identify management strategies for the treatment of upper respiratory tract symptoms stemming from dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.MethodsWe present a retrospective case s...
Expectation versus Reality: The Impact of Utility on Emotional Outcomes after Returning Individualized Genetic Research Results in Pediatric Rare Disease Research, a Qualitative Interview Study

Purpose Much information on parental perspectives on the return of individual research results (IRR) in pediatric genomic research is based on hypothetical rather than actual IRR. Our aim was to understand how the expected utility to parents who received IRR on their child from a genetic research study compared to the actual utility of the IRR received. Methods We conducted individual telephone interviews with parents who received IRR on their child through participation in the Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research Gene Discovery Core (GDC) at Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH). Results Five themes emerged around the utility that parents expected and actually received from IRR: predictability, management, family planning, finding answers, and helping science and/or families. Parents expressing negative or mixed emotions after IRR return were those who did not receive the utility they expected from the IRR. Conversely, parents who expressed positive emotions were those who received as much or greater utility than expected. Conclusions Discrepancies between expected and actual utility of IRR affect the experiences of parents and families enrolled in genetic research studies. An informed consent process that fosters realistic expectations between researchers and participants may help to minimize any negative impact on parents and families.
Fate of Histoplasma capsulatum in Guinea Pig Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

Abstract Guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were parasitized in vitro with yeast cells of Histoplasma capsulatum. Preparations stained after 3 h at 37 C with May Greenwald-Giemsa revealed that 87% of the yeasts were tinctorially altered. Such alterations corresponded to those displayed by fungus cells intentionally killed by heat or other means and thus the altered yeast were presumed to be dead. A combination of 10−5 M H2O2, 10−5 M KI, and horseradish peroxidase killed H. capsulatum. Death was assessed by the eosin-y dye exclusion test. All of the listed components were required for death of the fungus. A granule lysate preparation derived from guinea pig PMN leukocytes could replace the horseradish peroxidase in the fungicidal system. The granule lysates behaved in keeping with the attributes of a myeloperoxidase. Thus, PMN leukocytes and certain extracellular peroxidase systems kill the yeast cell phase of the dimorphic fungus H. capsulatum.
Calbindin-D28k in subsets of medulloblastomas and in the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med.

Objective.-To evaluate the antigenic expression of calbindin-D 28k in surgically resected cerebellar medulloblastomas and the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med in relation to glial neoplasms, the human glioblastoma (U-251 MG) and rat glioma (C-6) cell lines, and other primary and metastatic brain tumors. Design.-Immunohistochemical staining was performed using an antiserum and a monoclonal antibody against calbindin-D 28k on (1) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human, predominantly posterior fossa, brain tumor specimens (49 medulloblastomas, 59 glial and mesenchymal primary central nervous system tumors, 1 posterior fossa rhabdoid tumor, and 34 metastatic tumors); (2) formalin-, 70% alcohol-, or Bouin's-fixed tumor cell lines (D283 Med, U-251 MG, and C-6) maintained in a three-dimensional gelatin foam (Gelfoam matrix) system, with or without treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate; and (3) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded C-6 glioma cells transplanted intracerebrally to rats. Results.Calbindin-D 28k immunohistochemical staining was detected in 20 of 49 cerebellar medulloblastomas and in cells of the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med grown in gelatin Gelfoam matrices, with or without treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In surgical resection specimens, calbindin-D 28k reactivity was evident in populations of poorly differentiated cells of classic (non-nodular) medulloblastomas (16/20) and in mature Purkinje neuronlike phenotypes in medulloblastomas with ganglion cells (4/6) but was absent in desmoplastic medulloblastomas, including in areas of neoplastic neuritogenesis (pale islands) (0/23). Calbindin-D 28k staining was also present in D283 Med explants for up to 29 days in vitro. Reactivity was more widespread in dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate-treated cultures, coinciding with neuronal morphologic alterations of cultured cells. Focal calbindin-D 28k staining was present in neural-like cells of an embryonal cerebellar tumor with divergent mesenchymal, epithelial, and neuroectodermal/neuroendocrine differentiation suggestive of a malignant rhabdoid tumor. No calbindin-D 28k staining was obtained in primary glial and mesenchymal (intra- and extra-axial) brain tumors (0/59), in explants of human glioblastoma cell line U-251 MG, or in the rat glioma line C-6 maintained in Gelfoam matrices or transplanted intracerebrally. Among 34 epithelial and mesenchymal tumors metastatic to the posterior fossa, only subpopulations of cells in two small-cell (neuroendocrine) carcinomas originating in the lung were calbindin positive. Conclusions.-Calbindin-D 28k expression in classic medulloblastomas, medulloblastomas with ganglion cells, and in the human medulloblastoma cell line D283 Med (which was derived from a metastatic classic medulloblastoma) suggests a phenotypic kinship between subsets of this tumor and neuronal progeny of the ventricular neuroepithelium, thus conferring additional support for its neuroblastic nature.
Human Computation in the Wild

One of the backbones of human society has been finding ways to organize human labor to achieve desired outcomes. The advent of computing has allowed us to bring to bear the ideas and tools of computing to this task, giving rise to what we are now calling “human computation.” Unlike mechanical computers, which are sufficiently developed and formalized that we can write down on paper an abstract representation of an algorithm and have reasonable expectations about its behavior, human computation bottoms out at fallible, unpredictable people, and, at least at present, no amount of talking or theorizing replaces the need to see what happens when you pull people together in some new way in service of some human-computation-based effort. We’re still in the early years of human computation, and our growing understanding of the field is occurring by people building real systems with real people achieving real outcomes.
Better with your parasites? Lessons for behavioural ecology from evolved dependence and conditionally helpful parasites

Interest in how parasites shape host behaviour has increased dramatically in recent years. The main focus of behavioural ecologists has been on the negative effects of parasites on host behaviour. However, there are instances in which infected hosts express more adaptive behavioural phenotypes and have higher fitness relative to uninfected hosts, suggesting that it is sometimes beneficial to be parasitized. For example, hosts can exhibit evolved dependence, wherein the host coevolves with and comes to depend on parasites for the expression of adaptive host behaviours. Additionally, ‘conditionally helpful parasites’ modify the host phenotype in ways that benefit the host under particular conditions. These scenarios have been explored in the context of bacterial or fungal symbionts, but have been relatively unstudied with regard to metazoan parasites (e.g. trematodes, acanthocephalans, nematodes and cestodes). We explore how these scenarios apply to hosts infected by metazoan parasites, and consider implications for research in behavioural ecology. We examine conditions under which infection should result in more adaptive host behavioural phenotypes, and the implications for host fitness and evolution. We then discuss the implications of conditionally helpful parasites and parasites for which hosts have evolved dependence for laboratory studies of host behaviour and for conservation and reintroduction programmes.
Neurologic Findings in Sydenham's Chorea

The relationship between cardiac and neurologic findings and long-term prognosis of 40 patients with Sydenham chorea were investigated at Istanbul University, Turkey.
Of Mannequins and Men Ascriptions of Mind in Faces Are Bounded by Perceptual and Processing Similarities to Human Faces

Recent research has demonstrated that ascribing minds to humanlike stimuli is a product of both their perceptual similarity to human faces and whether they engaged configural face processing. We present the findings of two experiments in which we both manipulate the amount of humanlike features in faces (in a doll-to-human morph continuum) and manipulate perceivers’ ability to employ configural face processing (via face inversion) while measuring explicit ratings of mind ascription (Study 1) and the spontaneous activation of humanlike concepts (Study 2). In both studies, we find novel evidence that ascribing minds to entities is an interactive product of both having strong perceptual similarity to human faces and being processed using configural processing mechanisms typical of normal face perception. In short, ascribing mind to others is bounded jointly by the featural cues of the target and by processes employed by the perceiver.
Privacy Management and Accountability in Global Organisations

Organisations that operate in a global environment can be subject to potentially diverse and complex regulatory requirements. This paper explains some of the key issues that corporate governance faces related to privacy and some mechanisms for addressing these.
Mimicking Melanosomes: Polydopamine Nanoparticles as Artificial Microparasols.

A primary role of melanin in skin is the prevention of UV-induced nuclear DNA damage to human skin cells, where it serves to screen out harmful UV radiation. Melanin is delivered to keratinocytes in the skin after being excreted as melanosomes from melanocytes. Defects in melanin production in humans can cause diseases, many of which currently lack effective treatments due to their genetic origins (e.g., skin cancer, vitiligo, and albinism). The widespread prevalence of melanin-related diseases and an increasing interest in the performance of various polymeric materials related to melanin necessitates novel synthetic routes for preparing melanin-like materials. In this work, we prepared melanin-like nanoparticles (MelNPs) via spontaneous oxidation of dopamine, as biocompatible, synthetic analogues of naturally occurring melanosomes, and investigated their uptake, transport, distribution, and UV-protective capabilities in human keratinocytes. Critically, we demonstrate that MelNPs are endocytosed, undergo ...
Optimal energy planning for wireless self-contained sensor networks in oil reservoirs

In-situ monitoring of oil reservoirs is crucial for determining the sweet spot of oil and natural gas reserves. Wireless sensor nodes are a promising technology to collect data from oil reservoirs in real time, such nodes are not sufficient for transmitting the required data within a power budget because of limitations caused by the very small size of sensors and the environment. To overcome limitations caused by harsh environmental conditions and power constraints, this paper proposes an accurate energy model framework of a linear oil sensor network topology that gives feasible sensors' transmission rates and sensor network topology while always guarantees enough energy. Since the magnetic induction communication channels is employed, we first examine the non-flat MI fading channels to obtain the accurate received signal qualities. Then, we design MI-based modulation and error control coding schemes and evaluate the energy consumption for MI transmissions to determine optimal sensors' transmissions rate and number of sensors while sensors' packet error rate and energy constraints are satisfied at the same time. we confirm the accuracy of our model via theoretical and simulation evaluations.
Off-Marketplace Enrollment Remains An Important Part Of Health Insurance Under The ACA

The introduction of Marketplaces under the Affordable Care Act greatly expanded individual-market health insurance coverage in 2014, but millions of adults continued to purchase individual coverage outside of the Marketplaces. They were more likely to be male, be white, have higher incomes, and be in excellent or very good health, compared to Marketplace enrollees.
Impact of Identified Causal Factors to “System of Systems” Integration Complexity from a Defense Industry Perspective

Multi-mission projects such as Missile Defense Agency’s (MDA) Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) program involve systems with unique capabilities developed by different companies to communicate together. While system integration for an independent system is a challenge in itself, integration for system of systems is a huge complex effort in part due to interoperability challenges. The focus of this paper is research, analyze, and prioritize some of the causal factors of system integration complexity, such as interoperability, for complex systems such as BMD. Complex system integration is used interchangeably with system of systems integration in this paper because currently in the defense industry, system of systems integration is the new complex system integration. From the defense industry perspective, an attempt is made to contribute in developing a cause and effect relationship model between system requirements, system architecture (specifically open system architecture), and system of systems integration process complexity.
Managing an Epidemic: Zika Interventions and Community Responses in Belize

Implementing effective health interventions in recent epidemics has been difficult due to the potentially global nature of their spread and sociocultural dynamics, raising questions concerning how to develop culturally-appropriate preventive measures, and how these health threats are understood locally. In Belize, health policy makers have only been marginally effective in managing infections and mosquito vectors, and Zika has been declared endemic in certain regions, particularly on the island of Caye Caulker. Based on ethnographic research conducted primarily in 2017, we examine how perspectives of Zika-related health consequences are shaped, and how state interventions to manage Zika are understood. We argue that despite its declared endemic status, Zika is not perceived as a true health concern for community members due to numerous neoliberal structural challenges. Moreover, the state's restrictive form of reproductive governance which limits family planning services is forcing individuals to weigh conflicting conceptions of health consequences. This also contributes to an ambiguous healthcare environment for health practitioners, giving them an unclear picture of the scope of Zika as a public health concern. We also consider how critical medical anthropology and feminist analytical approaches are useful in exploring these questions and contributing to understandings of the health impacts of Zika.
Student-Athlete and Student Non-Athletes’ Stigma and Attitudes Toward Seeking Online and Face-to-Face Counseling

This study investigated differences in stigmatization by others, self-stigma, and attitudes (value and discomfort) toward online counseling (OC) and face-to-face counseling (F2F), and the relations...
Revisiting the autoconditioning hypothesis for acquired reactivity to ultrasonic alarm calls

Abstract Rats emit 22 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in association with pain, fear, or distress. Whereas the capacity to produce USVs is innate, reactivity to them appears to require experience. Specifically, 22 kHz USVs fail to elicit freezing behavior in naive laboratory rats. However, these “alarm calls” do elicit freezing in rats that previously experienced foot shocks. These findings led to the hypothesis that acquired reactivity is based on “autoconditioning”—learning in which self-generated 22 kHz USVs serve as Pavlovian cues that become associated with foot shocks. The current study tested the autoconditioning hypothesis by devocalizing rats through a unilateral transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (Experimental group). Subsequently, animals in both the Experimental and sham-operated Control groups received five unsignaled foot shocks. One or two days later, both groups were tested for USV-elicited freezing in a novel context. Recurrent laryngeal nerve transection failed to prevent or even diminish USV-elicited freezing. In fact, both groups showed large and comparable increases in freezing to USV presentations. A subset of Control animals failed to vocalize during conditioning, while some Experimental animals did vocalize during conditioning. Animals were therefore re-grouped and reanalyzed based on whether they vocalized during conditioning. Again, both groups showed large and comparable increases in USV-elicited freezing. These results disconfirm the essential tenet or prediction of the autoconditioning hypothesis. Alternative mechanisms for acquired reactivity to 22 kHz USVs are therefore considered.
The Methanosarcina mazei MM2060 Gene Encodes a Bifunctional Kinase/Decarboxylase Enzyme Involved in Cobamide Biosynthesis.

Cobamides (Cbas) are synthesized by many archaea, but some aspects of Cba biosynthesis in these microorganisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that open reading frame MM2060 in the archaeum Methanosarcina mazei strain Go1 encodes a bifunctional enzyme with l-threonine- O-3-phosphate (l-Thr-P) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.81) and l-Thr kinase activities (EC 2.7.1.177). In Salmonella enterica, where Cba biosynthesis has been extensively studied, the activities mentioned above are encoded by separate genes, namely, cobD and pduX, respectively. The activities associated with the MM2060 protein ( MmCobD) were validated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, MmCobD used ATP and l-Thr as substrates and generated ADP, l-Thr-P, and ( R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol O-phosphate as products. Notably, MmCobD has a 111-amino acid C-terminal extension of unknown function, which contains a putative metal-binding motif. This C-terminal domain alone did not display activity either in vivo or in vitro. Although the C-terminal MmCobD domain was not required for l-Thr-P decarboxylase or l-Thr kinase activities in vivo, its absence negatively affected both activities. In vitro results suggested that this domain may have a regulatory or substrate-gating role. When purified under anoxic conditions, MmCobD displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and had a 1000-fold higher affinity for ATP and a catalytic efficiency 1300-fold higher than that of MmCobD purified under oxic conditions. To the best of our knowledge, MmCobD is the first example of a new class of l-Thr-P decarboxylases that also have l-Thr kinase activity. An archaeal protein with l-Thr kinase activity had not been identified prior to this work.
Efficient cloning method that selects the recombinant clones.

Directional cloning using cohesive ends is the most efficient cloning method. However, sometimes it is necessary to use blunt ends to clone a DNA fragment into the plasmid vector. Compared with tha...
Design Considerations for a High-Efficiency High-Gain Free-Electron Laser for Power Beaming

Abstract Power beaming from ground-based systems to space-based platforms has been proposed by a number of researchers as a means of delivering energy to orbiting satellites and stations. This paper considers the use of a seeded high-gain highefficiency Free-Electron Laser (FEL) amplifier based on a conventional linac as the source for power beaming. While the wall-plug efficiency of a single pass FEL is likely to be considerably lower than a recirculating system, electrical efficiency is unlikely to be a serious consideration for first-generation power-beaming systems. Moreover, the simplicity of the proposed scheme scales well from existing and completed experiments PACS codes: 41.60.Cr, 42.62.Cf
Radiation Dermatitis: A Prevention Protocol for Patients With Breast Cancer

Background Patients with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy can experience dermatologic adverse events. Oncology nurses can advocate for radiation dermatitis (RD) prophylaxis to minimize dermatologic adverse events. Objectives This quality improvement project was conducted to evaluate the effect of implementing an RD prevention protocol. The objectives of this study were to (a) improve clinicians' knowledge of screening, assessment, and prevention of RD in patients with breast cancer and (b) decrease the incidence of RD by 10% at a tertiary care cancer center. Methods Center-wide standards of care were created and implemented. A retrospective chart analysis was performed before and after protocol implementation. An education session was used to analyze protocol effectiveness. Findings Surveys completed by nurses (N = 11) before and after the education session demonstrated a significant increase in overall confidence in assessing RD. Statistically significant increases were noted in using topical steroids for prophylaxis.
Modernizing the State Corporate Income Tax: Market-Based Apportionment for Content Providers

This Issue Paper discusses how technology has overtaken the traditional ways the states tax the income of “content providers” that operate broadcast and cable networks, sell advertising, and produce content such as movies and television programs. This content is licensed at wholesale to distributors and along with the advertising, is watched by customers of these distributors on their televisions, smart phones, tablets, gaming consoles, and computers—either in their homes or on the move. The so-called “model” for taxing multistate businesses like content providers—the Uniform Division of Income for Tax Purposes Act (UDITPA)—was developed in 1957 and has been adopted in whole or in part by most states. Obviously, a tax system built on a 1957 foundation cannot begin to cope with today’s highly technological and digital world. Without the benefit of a model that can accommodate the 21st century, the states have been left on their own to try to modernize their laws. The result has been constant change and flux. This Paper endorses a new approach to the income taxation of content providers, one unaffected by, rather than becoming antiquated by, tomorrow’s technology. The approach assigns receipts of content providers based on the commercial domicile of their customers—an approach that will not be overtaken by technology and one that introduces stability, predictability, and certainty into the tax system and reduces litigation. Moreover, the rule captures the location of the customers and the true market of the content providers.