cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Rent Reform Demonstration: Interim Findings on Implementation, Work, and Other Outcomes

The purpose of the Rent Reform Demonstration is to test an alternative to the current rent-setting system for families using housing choice vouchers (HCV). The goals of the alternative rent-setting model now being tested are to incentivize employment and reduce the complexity and burden (and, thus, the cost) of administering the rent policy, while not causing unnecessary hardship for HCV households. The demonstration began enrolling voucher holders in 2015 and is operating in four cities at four local Moving to Work (MTW) public housing agencies (PHAs) sites with 6,600 participating HCV assisted households using a rigorous random assignment design. The four participating PHAs are the District of Columbia Housing Authority, Lexington Housing Authority, Louisville Metropolitan Housing Authority, and San Antonio Housing Authority. The current report presents interim results (covering more than 2 years of followup) on the new rent policy’s effects, or “impacts,” on families’ labor market and housing-related outcomes, receipt of other government benefits, and use of homelessness services. It also uses indepth qualitative interviews with PHA staff and tenants to explore their experiences with and views of the new policy. (A companion report that presents findings covering 12 to 18 months of follow-up, “Early Effects,” is being released under its own cover.) The results indicate that, when the findings for all four PHAs are combined, the new policy did not generate statistically significant increases in tenants’ average earnings during the available followup period. The story varied substantially across locations, however, with some positive effects on earnings in Lexington and San Antonio, but not in Louisville and Washington, D.C. The report also presents other impacts on housing subsidies, tenure in the voucher program, receipt of other government benefits, PHA administrative costs, and PHA and tenant experiences with the alternative rent model.
A Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Self-Compassion and Self-Efficacy

Self-compassion may play a role in protecting one’s self-efficacy in the face of failures. While research suggests a positive association between self-compassion and self-efficacy, the current study represents the first meta-analytic analysis of this association. Potential moderators including age, publication type, and sample type were also explored. Random-effects models were used to estimate the average effect size (ES) for the associations between self-compassion total score and self-efficacy and between self-compassion subscales and self-efficacy across 60 studies providing a total of 109 effect sizes. Results showed a positive association between self-compassion total score and self-efficacy (r = .35), positive associations between self-compassion positive subscales and self-efficacy, and negative associations between self-compassion negative subscales and self-efficacy. Results also revealed that the associations between self-compassion subscales and self-efficacy were larger in non-students than in students, and in published studies versus unpublished studies. Clinical interventions that cultivate self-compassion may be conducive to one’s sense of self-efficacy.
Embedded System for Automation of Linear Welding Robot for Naval and Offshore Industry

The continuous growth of the naval and offshore industries require that the processes be steady and reliable, forcing the industries to keep up and dealing with the most modern methods of development. Among these processes, the welding is one of the most commons that has been used widely in the construction of oil platforms. The welding is used in many areas, beyond the naval, it being dangerous for the welder because the surroundings contain fumes and radiation. Once the welding is an usual procedure and the surroundings of the work space can be harmful to human's health, bring more automation for the welding process can improve the productivity levels and move human operators away from danger. However in the naval industry the projects are individualized, making the process of implementation of robotic cells difficult. Using modular robots turn the weld more reliable but are not a optimal solution due it still need a human operator near the process to change the robot's parameters and detect possible errors. So, this work proposes a architecture to turn these robots into autonomous systems, being able to detect the features of the groove to be weld, perform the welding with minimum of human interference or none and inspect the final product.
Nanoscale redistribution of alloying elements in high-burnup AXIOM-2 (X2®) and their effects on in-reactor corrosion

Abstract A comprehensive characterization study was carried out on 1 and 4 cycles X2®, aiming to reveal effect of irradiation-induced alloying element redistribution on the in-reactor corrosion kinetics. Using a combination of (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)/TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT), the results strongly evidenced the existence of Nb-rich native precipitates and irradiation-induced platelets (IIPs)/nanoclusters in both metal and oxide. In addition, the suboxide may reject Nb content back into the metal matrix to achieve a thermodynamic equilibrium state. On the other hand, Fe-rich transition cracks were observed for the first time, along with Fe-rich oxide grain boundaries.
Optimising rapid on‐site evaluation‐assisted endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes: The real‐time cytopathology intervention process

Introduction Lymph node sampling by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the state of art procedure for staging the mediastinum and hilar regions in lung cancer patients. Our experience of implementing the real-time cytopathology intervention (RTCI) process for intraoperative EBUS-TBNAs is presented. This study is aimed to describe in detail the RTCI process for EBUS-TBNAs, and assess its utility and diagnostic yield before and after its implementation in parallel to conventional rapid on-site evaluation (c-ROSE). Methods A retrospective review of all EBUS-TBNAs between July 2016 and July 2017 at the University of Rochester Medical Center was performed. Final diagnoses, patient clinical data, and number of non-diagnostic samples (NDS) were reviewed. The numbers of NDS obtained from EBUS-TBNAs with no cytology assistance (NCA), with RTCI and with c-ROSE were analysed. Results Non-diagnostic lymph node samples were found in 20 out of 116 (17%), three out of 114 (2.6%) and 33 out of 286 (11.5%) cases with NCA, RTCI and c-ROSE, respectively. Application of statistical analysis revealed significant difference in the NDS between the groups of cases in the operating room with NCA and RTCI (P = .005). The different settings and variables between the cases performed using RTCI in the operating room and those assisted with c-ROSE in the bronchoscopy suite preclude legitimate comparison. Conclusion Our results indicate that the use of RTCI could yield a significantly low proportion of NDS when assisting EBUS-TBNA of mediastinal and hilar lymph node for lung cancer patients enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of the procedure.
A new class of lithium ion conductors with tunable structures and compositions: Quaternary diamond-like thiogermanates

Abstract The new Li 2 CoGeS 4 compound crystallizes in the Pn space group with the wurtz-kesterite structure, according to single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of Li 2 CoGeS 4 and the high degree of phase-purity in which it is prepared are supported by high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Varying the divalent ion in Li 2 -II-GeS 4 materials yields three different structure types, all of which are derived from hexagonal diamond. These structural variations give rise to Li + -encompassing [II–GeS 4 ] 2 − nets with different topologies that offer diversity in lithium ion diffusion pathways. In the first systematic study of the lithium ion conductivity in quaternary diamond-like materials, wurtz-kesterite-type Li 2 CoGeS 4 and Li 2 FeGeS 4 ( Pn ), lithium cobalt(II) silicate-type Li 2 MnGeS 4 ( Pna 2 1 ), and wurtz-stannite-type Li 2 CdGeS 4 ( Pmn 2 1 ) are presented as environmentally stable lithium ion conductors. These materials are comprised of cubic diamond-like [CoGeS 4 ] 2 − and [FeGeS 4 ] 2 − anionic frameworks, ABW-like [MnGeS 4 ] 2 − , and square lattice-like [CdGeS 4 ] 2 − . As assessed using impedance spectroscopy, Li 2 FeGeS 4 exhibits the most promising Li + ion conductivity of 1.8(3) × 10 − 4 S/cm at 100 °C, while Li 2 CdGeS 4 shows the lowest activation energy for lithium ion conduction, E A = 0.74(2) eV.
Children's Household Exposure to Guns: A Pediatric Practice-Based Survey

Guns in the home are a factor in pediatric unintentional and intentional firearm injuries, yet the patterns of ownership and use are unclear. OBJECTIVES. To describe the prevalence of firearms in households containing children who go to pediatricians, the types of firearms owned, the purposes of such ownership, the conditions of firearm storage, and the social correlates of ownership. METHODS. Survey of parents attending 29 (urban, suburban, and rural) pediatric practices in Chicago, New Jersey, Houston, Utah, Georgia, Iowa, and South Carolina for well or sick child care during a 1-week study period. The main outcome measure was ownership of rifle/shotgun and/or handgun. RESULTS. Gun ownership was reported by 37% of 5233 respondent families: rifles (26%), handguns (17%), and powder firearm (32%). Ownership varied significantly across practices and geographical locations. Thirteen percent of 823 handguns and 1% of 1327 rifles were reported both unlocked and loaded. Recreation was the most common reason for both rifle (75%) and handgun (59%) ownership; 48% of handguns were kept for self-protection versus 21% of rifles. In logistic regression models, predictor variables for firearm ownership included rural area, single family dwelling, at least one adult male, and fewer preschool children (for handgun and rifle); mother with at least 12 years education (for handgun), and white mother (for rifle). CONCLUSIONS. The data presented suggest that US pediatricians routinely see children in families that own firearms, including a worrisome number that keep loaded and unlocked handguns. Until more detailed information becomes available, it is reasonable for pediatricians to be guided by these data, and so to counsel routinely about gun exposure.
Directed Arc Consistency Preprocessing

A constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) may be overconstrained and not admit a complete solution. Optimal solutions to such partial constraint satisfaction problems (PCSPs), in which a maximum number of constraints are satisfied, can be found using branch and bound variants of CSP algorithms. Earlier work has shown how information gained through local consistency checking during preprocessing can be used to enhance search through value ordering heuristics and local lower bound calculations that involve only neighboring variables. The present work describes a family of strategies based on directed arc consistency testing during preprocessing. With this approach inconsistency counts associated with each value (the number of domains that offer no support for that value) are obtained that are non-redundant, since they are unidirectional. They can, therefore, be used to obtain global lower bounds that involve the entire set of variables. By computing directed arc consistency in each direction, full arc- inconsistency counts can also be obtained, thus retaining the benefits of full arc consistency checking, while improving lower bound calculations. Retrospective and prospective algorithms that incorporate the results of directed arc consistency checking are described. Tests with random problems show improvements, sometimes marked, over the best branch and bound PCSP algorithms heretofore described.
Protein mediated vitamin uptake: Adsorptive endocytosis of the transcobalamin II — Cobalamin complex by cultured human fibroblasts

Abstract We have studied the uptake of the transcobalamin II — cobalamin (TCII-Cbl) complex by intact cultured human skin fibroblasts and the turnover and regulation of the cell surface receptor for the complex. We have used purified human TC II, labelled with 125I and saturated with [57Co]Cbl, in order to determine the fate of both the protein and vitamin moieties of the complex. The binding of both labels to cells at 4 °C proceeded slowly and reached a plateau after 4–6 h; at all times, 95% of both labels was trypsin releasable. The binding of both labels could be inhibited by human and rabbit TC II, but not by free Cbl. At 37 °C, the kinetics of the decrease in the percentage of trypsin-releasable label was similar for both 57Co and 125I. Treatment of cells with sodium fluoride, sodium azide or cycloheximide inhibited the internalization of both labels by equal percentages. Treatment of cells with chloroquine, which inhibits the lysosomal degradation of TC II, prevented the release of the Cbl from the TC II-Cbl complex. Cycloheximide treatment caused a loss of specific TC II receptors, with a half-time of approx. 8 h; receptor turnover was not affected by prior exposure to TC II. Growth of cells in TC II or high concentrations of Cbl had no effect on subsequent TC II-Cbl uptake. These studies present evidence for uptake of the intact TC II-Cbl complex by a process of adsorptive endocytosis. They also show that degradation of the TC II is necessary for the Cbl to be released from the complex and made available for binding to the Cbl-dependent apoenzymes. We were unable to demonstrate any regulation of receptor activity by exposure of cells to TC II-Cbl or free Cbl.
Chapter 7 Approaching design for integrated CSCW-DAI systems

Publisher Summary This chapter examines an approaching design for integrated computer-supported cooperative work-distributed artificial intelligence. The chapter limits methodological considerations in computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) to a special type of cooperative system: human computer cooperation systems (HCCS), an integration of cooperating people and distributed knowledge-based machine agents. Goal-based cooperative work is the interaction among a group of people to achieve their individual and group goals. Goals are derived from wishes and intentions in individual and group processes, which have yet to be more closely understood and formalized. While goals can be formalized to describe desired states in a model, wishes and intentions remain elusive. But even the complexity of formal goals in typical environments needs to be handled by problem solving and planning mechanisms. In most cooperative work environments, some of the activities performed by the agents are routine and others are nonroutine. The latter require explicit planning before they are performed. The goals and activities of different agents may be interdependent. The behavioral perspective of a system is concerned with its dynamic features. It provides a model of the type of activity the system will perform at a certain point in time.
Evidence for a mixed function oxidase in the biosynthesis of ethanolamine plasmalogens from 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine.

Abstract Our studies with 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-ethanolamine and 1-akyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanol-amine, both labeled with 14C in the alkyl moiety, have shown that 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine is converted to 1-alk-1-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-ethanolamine (plasmalogen) by enzyme preparations from tumors. The conversion of the O-alkyl to O-alk-1-enyl linkage requires molecular oxygen and a reduced pyridine nucleotide (either NADH or NADPH) and is inhibited by cyanide, but not by carbon monoxide. The data implicate the involvement of a microsomal electron transport system that requires cytochrome b5 instead of P-450 in the biosynthesis of plasmalogens. These findings indicate that a microsomal mixed function oxidase, similar to the one required in the biosynthesis of monoenoic fatty acids, is involved in the biosynthesis of ethanolamine plasmalogens. ATP and Mg++ stimulated the synthesis of plasmalogens.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: USE AND MISUSE OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN CARE OF THE NEWBORN INFANT.

INFANTS delivered from the warm uterus into a cool environment invariably experience a considerable loss of body heat, and since the rate of cooling is almost always greater than the rate of heat production body temperature promptly falls. The rate of fall, the final level of equilibrium, and the distribution of temperatures of the various tissues and organs are quite dependent upon the ambient conditions of temperature and humidity which are provided for infants in the first minutes, hours, and days of life. If the artificial climate is too warm and humid to allow for the dissipation of heat liberated by metabolic processes the newborn infant becomes febrile and tachypneic. This is particularly likely in small infants whose physiologic mechanisms of heat loss are easily overwhelmed. The environmental conditions must be adjusted because death from hyperthermia may ensue rather quickly. However, there is usually no problem of recognition when warm limits have been exceeded; as a result temperature and humidity are never deliberately misused in this way in the care of newborn infants. Induced hyperthermia is almost always the result of technical accidents. Since there is now convincing evidence that newborn infants exhibit homeothermic responses to thermal stimuli and that the survival of small neonates can he improved by placing them in warm and moderately humid environments, it may also be said that physicians rarely misuse temperature and humidity in a manner which would permit uncontrolled heat loss. Thus, if we omit the issue of deep hypothermia for the moment the present-day questions about the proper use of temperature and humidity are concerned not with the extremes but with the middle of the climatic scale.
INVITED EDITORIAL ON TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA IN ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY IN RAT LUNGS

the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) phenomenon is a paradoxical increase in tissue injury during the reperfusion period in an organ that had sustained relatively minor damage during a period of ischemia ([10][1]). Considerable evidence has accumulated to indicate that generation of reactive oxygen
Review of "Successful computer projects a systematic approach to user involvement by Roberts, J. D." in Proc. 6th Australian computer conf., Vol. 1, (Sydney, May 20-24, 1974), 1974, 266-280

E.D.P. Managers in semi-bureaucratic institutions are nearly all well based in management education cliches. However, the applications of their management techniques and styles are almost totally bound to the combination of restrictions within the semibureaucratic system, or a lack of real enterprise brought on by having for too long been a part of such a system. Most such organisations have adopted the now common view that a professional manager is better suited to leading E.D.P. groups than a technocrat specialist in computer applications techniques. However, whether or not this has been an advance or not seems directly related to how long the manager has been part of bureaucracy. In all of the cases studied there was an imposition onto the E.D.P. staff of gradings and salaries applicable to the rest of the organisations "with some method of adjustment." This has led to a general lack of talent accumulating in secure jobs where deadlines are rarely met and even more rarely accurately judged where they are set by the E.D.P. group themselves. It is little wonder that staff of these organisations, believing E.D.P. staff are well paid, have built a resentment to the apparent lack of efficiency of E.D.P. groups within semi-bureaucratic organisations.
Role of correlation structures of permeability field on residual trapping mechanisms and buoyancy-driven CO2 migration

Previous research suggests that for many geological CO2 sequestration reservoirs, up to 60% of the injected CO2 will be trapped by capillary forces (irreducible saturation), a mechanism termed residual CO2 trapping. More specifically, our recent models of ongoing field tests of geological sequestration suggest that residual CO2 trapping can be maximized if the CO2 plume rises a greater distance due to buoyancy (i.e., injection at the deepest part of a thick reservoir) and sweeps a larger area before coming in contact with low permeability caprock. Although this strategy maximizes the residual CO2 trapping in theory because CO2 plume contacts more pore spaces, it also increases the probability that upwelling- CO2 may come into contact with faults or other leakage pathways. Geological heterogeneity seems to play greater role with respect to residual CO2 trapping potential. To help clarify what processes and properties will maximize residual CO2 trapping and minimize CO2-buoyant flow, we conducted a systematic analysis of permeability (k) fields and its correlation structures. The k fields served as primary parameterization of a numerical model describing CO2 migration during a 100-year simulation period. We compared various permutations of two-dimensional conceptual models, including homogeneous, random, homogenous with low-k lens, and anisotropically-correlated k fields. Using a Sequential Gaussian Simulation method, for most of models, we generated 10 realizations in each model permutation. In each simulation, the amount of mobile-, residual-, and aqueous-trapped CO2 was calculated and the spatial distribution of the CO2 plume was quantified using the first and second spatial moments. Both homogeneous and random simulation results suggest that the amount of residual trapped CO2 increases as the effective k increases. These results imply that the overall velocity distribution, which governs the sweeping area of the CO2 plume, is a critical factor for residual CO2 trapping. However, as overall velocity (or k field) increases, we observed that the CO2 plume reaches the caprock more quickly. In simulations of anisotropically correlated k fields with specific correlation length ratios of 25 m×10 m,50 m×10 m, and 100 m×10 m in x (horizontal) and z (vertical) directions, respectively, the CO2 migration distance due to buoyancy force is shorter as the horizontal correlation length becomes greater. In addition, as the horizontal correlation length becomes greater, residual trapping increases because the CO2 plume spreads farther laterally, sweeping a larger area. In sum, results of this analysis suggest that heterogeneous k fields with greater anisotropic correlation ratios tend to maximize residual trapping and minimize buoyancy-driven CO2 migration. Our findings also suggest that k correlation structures, especially anisotropic media with specific ratios of correlation lengths, can strongly impact CO2 trapping mechanisms by controlling velocity and tortuosity, which in turn determines the sweeping area of CO2 plumes.
Analysis of teenage seat belt use: From the 2007 Missouri high school seat belt survey

Abstract Introduction This study analyzed high school teenagers' seat belt use based on the observational surveys of more than 15,000 teenagers at 150 schools and was conducted in the state of Missouri, U.S., in 2007. Since fatal car accidents involving high school teenagers are disproportionately high, and increased seat belt use saves lives in what would otherwise be fatal accidents, it is imperative that teenagers' safety be protected through an increase in use. Method This study investigated various personal, vehicle, school, and locational factors associated with high school teenagers' seat belt use. Descriptive and binary logit analyses were conducted. Results We find that low seat belt use is associated with males, African-Americans, pick-up trucks, accompanying occupants, weekends, inclement driving conditions, small size of school, lower socio-economic status, and rural county school locations. Several factors influencing teenage seat belt use are quite similar to those affecting adult seat belt use, in addition to certain risky behaviors to which teenagers are prone, supporting the importance of early intervention. Conclusions Programs in schools, the adoption of primary seat belt laws, GDL provisions requiring seat belt use, targeted education and campaign efforts for African-American teenagers, seat belt reminder systems, and more resources for rural counties on safety education and enforcement may help increase seat belt use in this vulnerable age group, though other research questions are implied.
Course Management Using a Data Base Structure.

Abstract Elementary algebra is taught at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in a computer managed self-paced course. This paper describes the computer management system, including the hardware, the data base, the principal management program and some report generation using an inquiry language.
724-6 Resetting Responses During Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Suggest an Anisotropic Mechanism

We hypothesized that an anatomically determined circuit should have an identical excitable gap regardless of the site of stimulation, while a functional anisotropic circuit could show differences depending on stimulation site. In order to explore the nature of the reentrant circuit, and to characterize the excitable gap during atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), we determined the resetting response patterns in eight patients with typical AVNRT (meantachycardia cycle length (TCl) 346 ± 18 msec). Premature atrial stimuli were delivered during tachycardia from the area of the slow pathway (SPI in 7 patients, the fast pathway (FP) in 6 patients, and the ventricle (V) in 7 patients and the subsequent return cycles (As-Ar) were analyzed. In all patients, two or more sites were stimulated. Ventricular extrastimulation employed double extrastimuli such that the first extrastimulus did not interact with the circuit and acted as a conditioning stimulus. The excitable gap was defined as the range of coupling intervals from first reset to tachycardia termination. Duration of Excitable Gap (msec) by Stimulation Site Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mean %TCL FP 10 * 65 20 30 20 10 * 26 ± 21 7 SP 35 80 90 40 * 20 20 20 43 ± 30 12 V 35 75 45 * 50 50 10 20 42 ± 19 12 AVNRT could be reset from the atrium and from the ventricle at all sites studied. In all cases, when the coupling intervals of premature extrastimuli were plotted against the return cycle (As-Ar), an increasing resetting response pattern was obtained. There was no decremental conduction over the retrograde FP with V stimulation. Conclusions 1) The reentrant circuit of AVNRT can be reset from multiple sites. 2) The circuit as a whole demonstrates partial excitability with heterogenicityof conduction over individual pathways. 3) A difference in the measured excitable gap of g 20 msec dependent on stimulation site was seen in 5/8 patients and suggests a functionally determined circuit and anisotropic reentry.
Safety beliefs and safe behavior among midwestern college students.

Abstract Problem: This study investigated the impact of safety beliefs on safe behavior and the effect of age, gender, class standing, and geographic region on these beliefs and behaviors. It also compares the level of safety beliefs and safe behavior of Midwestern college students in 1993 to those in 2002. Method: A total of 1,059 undergraduate students at four Midwestern universities completed the 33-item questionnaire developed by Crowe (J. Saf. Res. 26 (1995) 187) during the spring semester of 2002. Results: Significant main effects for gender and age on safety beliefs and safe behavior were found as well as a significant interaction between gender and age for both outcome variables. The regression model with the independent variables of personal responsibility and gender yielded a multiple R of .58, which explained 34% of the variance of the self-reported safe behavior. Midwestern college students in 2002 were found less safety-conscious in terms of self-reported safety beliefs and safe behavior than those in 1993. Discussion: The findings indicate that safety education of adolescents and young adults in the United States has not been effective, at least for the last decade, or today's social and school environment is less conducive to the students' safe behavior and beliefs than a decade ago. Impact on industry: Proactive multidisciplinary approaches to enhance safe behavior and beliefs of young adults should be made based on critical evaluation of current approaches.
Biphasic synovial sarcoma arising from superior vena cava.

A 67-year-old man presented with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Chest X-ray identified a mass in the right upper chest ( Figure 1A ). Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a large mediastinal mass invading the SVC and extending into the right atrium (RA) ( Figure 1B ). The mass filled the RA and the …
Beyond Regulators: Modelling Control Systems as Physical Systems

This paper will discuss the design of controllers for systems which must interact dynamically with their environment. The conventional regulator design approach is unsuited to this task. Because the true effect of a controller on physical hardware is to modify its behavior, an alternative perspective is to describe the controlled hardware as an equivalent physical system. This permits the application of structured physical system modelling techniques to control system design. The application of this method to a robot performing contact tasks will be presented. It will be shown that the approach yields a successful design and leads to some useful insights.
Psychometric Support for the Ownership in Exercise and Empowerment in Exercise Scales

This study's purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of two new scales developed to quantitatively measure participants' ownership in exercise classes and empowerment, with respect to exercise. These two outcome measures will compliment Achievement Goal Perspective Theory (AGPT) grounded research to better understand participants' exercise experiences. College exercise class participants (N = 414; M age = 21.25 years; 63% female) completed the survey during the last two weeks of a semester. Measurement invariance was assessed by a two-group (i.e., male and female) confirmatory factor analysis and used Mplus' cluster option to account for the data's nested nature. Strong invariance was achieved, which provided psychometric evidence for the ownership and empowerment in exercise measures. Additional validity support was provided by the ownership and empowerment latent relationships aligning with the researchers' a priori hypotheses. These results provide preliminary validity evidence for the Owner...
Literacy reform for Latina/o students

Book reviewed in this article: Learning and Not Learning English: Latino Students in American Schools. By Guadalupe Valdes. 2001.
Is the thermal resistance coefficient of high-power LEDs constant?

In this paper, we discuss the variations of thermal resistance coefficient from junction to board (Rθ jb ) for high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a result of changes in power dissipation and ambient temperature. Three-watt white and blue LED packages from the same manufacturer were tested for Rθ jb at different input power levels and ambient temperatures. Experimental results show that Rθ jb increases with increased input power for both LED packages, which can be attributed to current crowding mostly and some to the conductivity changes of GaN and TIM materials caused by heat rise. With increasing ambient temperature, Rθ jb increased but not as much as what was observed with drive current increase.
Development of XUV interferometry (155 a) using a soft x-ray laser

Over the past several years we have developed a variety of techniques for probing plasmas with x-ray lasers. These have included direct high resolution plasma imaging to quantify laser produced plasma uniformities and moire deflectometry to measure electron density profiles in one-dimension. Although these techniques have been valuable a need existed for direct two dimensional measurements of electron densities in large high density plasmas. For this reason we have worked on developing an xuv interferometer compatible with the harsh environment of laser produced plasmas. This paper describes our design and presents some results showing excellent fringe visibility using the neon-like yttrium x-ray laser operating at 155 angstrom. The coherence properties of this x-ray laser source were measured using interferometry and are also discussed.
Cardiovascular Effects of the 3 Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors Approved for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

Received May 17, 2004; revision received June 22, 2004; accepted June 22, 2004. Within the last year, 2 new phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Currently, sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), and tadalafil (Cialis) are on the market. These agents have been shown to be effective in a broad population of men with ED, including patients with vascular disease, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes.1–5 Because the enzyme that they inhibit, PDE-5, is found in smooth muscle cells of the systemic arteries and veins throughout the body, these agents have mild vasodilator effects and thus, have the potential to impact the cardiovascular system.6 This fact is especially important for the patient with ED, because risk factors for ED include many of the same risk factors that are associated with coronary artery disease: lipid abnormalities, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and lack of physical exercise.7,8 Because erection is a vascular event, endothelial dysfunction may inhibit it.9 Endothelial dysfunction, an early component of atherosclerosis, is rarely confined to the arteries supplying blood to the penis but more likely occurs throughout the vascular bed. Kaiser et al10 studied 30 men with ED and observed that brachial artery flow–mediated vasodilation and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation were reduced in these patients compared with men without ED. Thus, ED may be an early marker of vascular disease.10 Patients with frank coronary artery disease, known to be associated with endothelial dysfunction, and frank atherosclerosis often have ED, as we recently observed in 1 study, in which three fourths of the men with chronic stable angina also reported some degree of ED.11 Hence, the vasodilator effect of these PDE5 agents should be taken into consideration for the cardiac patient, both as …
Measurement of surface viscosities using a dilatometer

Methode de mesure du ramollissement superficiel de petites particules solides chauffees a haute temperature. Utilisation d'un dilatometre pour mesurer les deformatons de la surface lorsqu'on chauffe l'echantillon a une vitesse donnee tout en le soumettant a une force de compression. En supposant que la surface ramollie se comporte comme un fluide newtonien, on mesure sa viscosite a partir de la vitesse de deformation. Application a la fluidisation et au frittage
Soft Coulomb hole for the Hartree-Fock model to estimate atomic correlation energies.

An empirical model for the correlation energy (${E}_{c}$) of atoms is proposed. The method, a perturbation applied to the Roothaan Hartree-Fock atomic functions, requires the reevaluation of the two-electron integrals due to the introduction of a ``soft'' Coulomb hole whose magnitude is calibrated semiempirically. We have tested it by computing the total correlation energy, the first ionization potentials for atoms helium through xenon, by considering excited states of the ground-state configuration for Z=3 to Z=18 and the electron affinity for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine ions.
New processing possibilities for highly toughened metallic glass matrix composites with tensile ductility

New processing possibilities are explored for a semi-solidly-processed bulk metallic glass matrix composite based on the ZrTiNbCuBe system. Thermoplastic processing in the supercooled liquid region, extensive room temperature cold-rolling, and tensile ductility with work-hardening are all achieved. This research demonstrates that bulk metallic glass matrix composites have potential that far exceeds high tensile ductility and ultra-high toughness.
Pulsed Nano-Electrospray Ionization: Characterization of Temporal Response and Implementation with a Flared Inlet Capillary

The temporal response of pulsed nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-MS) was studied and its influence on ion formation and detection was characterized. Rise and decay times for the mass resolved ion current were determined to be 20 ± 3 msec and 61 ± 5 msec, respectively, which led to a maximum pulse rate of 12 Hz. Pulsed nano-ESI operation was demonstrated from a multi-sprayer source controlled by a high voltage pulsing circuit constructed in-house. The desired source mode of operation (e.g. pulsing or continuous) can be realized solely by controlling the voltage applied to each sprayer.
Solution properties of polystyrene and polymethacrylate systems: An evaluation of polymer-polymer interactions

Abstract The extended Maron's theory of nonelectrolytes for polymer-polymer interactions was used to examine the systems: polystyrene and poly(methyl), -(ethyl), -(n-butyl), and -(isobutyl) methacrylates in toluene at 30°, 45°, and 60°C. A simple additivity rule was employed to explain the intrinsic viscosities of the mixtures.
Comparison of the localization of acetylcholinesterase and non‐specific cholinesterase activities in mammalian and avian retians

The localization of acetylcholinesterase and non-specific cholinesterase was studied in the cone retinas of the pigeon and ground squirrel, and in the predominantly rod retinas of the rabbit, rat and cat. The enzymes were localized histochemically using the copper or gold thiocholine method. In the cone retinas, acetylcholinesterase was found in discrete bands in the inner plexiform layer. Cells corresponding in position and morphological detail to amacrine cells were stained for acetylcholinesterase. Cells of the ganglion cell layer that resembled displaced amacrine cells were also stained for acetylcholinesterase, as well as other cells that appeared to be ganglion cells. No stained processes could be followed from these latter cells, however. The horizontal cells were stained for non-specific cholinesterase; these cells were localized to specific areas of the retina, which differed in the two species. In the predominantly rod retinas, there was no staining for non-specific cholinesterase, but there was diffuse staining for acetylcholinesterase throughout the inner plexiform layer. In the rabbit, this staining pattern was not changed by chronic section of the optic nerve. No stained amacrine cells could be seen distinctly in any of the three species with predominantly rod retinas. After an intravenous dose of diisopropyl phosophorofluoridate sufficient to inactivate all the retinal acetylcholinesterase, however, synthesis of new enzyme could be followed in the amacrine cells and their processes. In all five species examined, therefore, the amacrine cells appeared to be the major or sole source of acetylcholinesterase for the inner plexiform layer of the retina. The possible function of this enzyme with regard to synaptic transmission in the retina is discussed.
The myth of modernity in popular african art: Symbolic representations in popular carving and painting

The contemporary artists of Lusaka, Zambia are engaged in an image-making process. They present idyllic portraits of an Africa “as it was” to an audience of tourists and outsiders and play upon a unique blending of traditional and contemporary symbols for an African audience. The latter symbolic forms are representations of modernity and depict both the positive aspects of social change (e.g., material improvements) and its negative dimensions (the gradual destruction of tradition). This paper examines images of modernity in the representations of the natural world, men, and women by contemporary African artists. These images are living myths in the making and are expressive cultural responses to a diverse audience of consumers in a rapidly changing cultural milieu.
Duality for non-convex variational principles

Abstract This paper treats the construction of dual variational principles for non-convex problems using Lagrangian methods. Besides the well-known saddle-point theory, there are dualities involving minimizing the Lagrangian in both variables and dualities where one first maximizes and then minimizes the Lagrangian in each variable. When the primal problem has certain structure, an associated canonical Lagrangian is defined which leads to the appropriate dual variational principle and to a Hamiltonian description. The properties of, and correspondence between, the critical points are analyzed. The last five sections are devoted to examples of these dual principles.
Effect of prolonged dietary treatment on atherosclerosis in the mature fowl

Summary The feeding of different rations to 20-month old Leghorn chickens for a period of 18 months resulted in a significant increase in the severity of abdominal aortic atherosclerosis in birds given an egg-enriched, balanced poultry ration, or the control ration supplemented with dicumarol. When birds were given a diet prepared from Army C rations and certain supplements to insure its nutritional balance and palatability, a significant decrease in aortic involvement was observed compared with that of controls or birds on the other treatments. It is suggested that the relatively high pectin and peanut oil content of the ration may be implicated. Additions of vitamin K 1 or of a combination of vitamins A, E and B 6 did not influence the degree of aortic atherosclerotic involvement.
Action of plasmin on ovine beta-lipotropin: revision of the carboxyl terminal sequence.

Human plasmin was found to cleave the lysylasparagine bond specifically in positions 79 and 80 of the ovine beta-lipotropin molecule. Structural studies of the COOH-terminal fragment revealed the amino acid sequence to be: Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-His-Lys-Lys-Gly-Gln which is slightly different from the structure originally proposed. Together with an earlier revision of the NH2-terminal sequence, the corrected structure of ovine beta-lipotropin is shown in Figure 2.
A RAPID METHOD FOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF BILE PIGMENTS IN HUMANS

Duodenal fluid was collected using an Entero-testR string, which was swallowed at bedtime and removed the next morning. Fluid squeezed from the string was centrifuged 4 min and injected into a reverse-phase HPLC system equipped with a Guard-PAKR pre-column module and C-18 μBONDAPAKR column. Pigments were eluted with an acetonitrile gradient. Peaks were identified by: a) standards prepared from TLC of rat bile; b) in-vitro incubations of UDP-sugars (glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid) and bilirubin isomers (IIIα, IXα, XIIIα) with liver microsomes; and c) referral to Onishi's method (Biochem J 159:1899, 1980). Total bilirubin diglucuronide (DG), monoglucuronide (MG) and monoglucoside-monoglucuronide diester (DE, tentative assignment) account for more than 90% of the 436-nm peak areas. This has been defined as 100% in the following table; data = mean±SD.
Essential elimination of sodium cycloheptenylethylbarbiturate (medomin) in rabbits.

Abstract The essential elimination of Nembutal® sodium and Medomin® sodium was determined in albino rabbits and the results compared. The experimental animals eliminated about one‐fourth of the LD 50 per hour of Nembutal® and over one‐third of the LD 50 per hour of Medomin®. The average survival time after half‐hourly intravenous administration of the LD 50 was seven and one‐half hours for Nembural® and over nine and one‐half hours for Medomin®. The results also show clearly that Medomin® is a significantly shorter acting barbiturate than Nembutal®.
Effects of watermelon supplementation on aortic hemodynamic responses to the cold pressor test in obese hypertensive adults.

BACKGROUND Cold-induced increases in aortic blood pressure (BP) may cause adverse cardiac events in hypertensives by increasing ventricular afterload. L-citrulline supplementation reduces BP at baseline and during the cold pressor test (CPT), but the effect on wave reflection (augmentation pressure (AP) and index (AIx)) is controversial. Our aim was to assess the effect of L-citrulline-rich watermelon supplementation on aortic hemodynamic responses to CPT in hypertensive adults. METHODS Brachial systolic BP (bSBP) and aortic systolic BP (aSBP), AP, AIx, AIx adjusted to 75 beats/min (AIx75), reflection time (Tr), first (P1) and second systolic peak (P2; wave reflection magnitude), heart rate (HR), and systolic time index (STI; myocardial oxygen demand) at baseline and during CPT and magnitude of the response from baseline to CPT were evaluated in 13 individuals (10 women; 57±1 year; bSBP 151±5 mm Hg). Participants were randomized to a 6-week watermelon or placebo supplementation in a crossover design. RESULTS Watermelon reduced (P < 0.05) bSBP, aSBP, P1, and P2 at baseline and CPT compared with placebo; thus, increases from baseline to CPT were unaffected. Watermelon did not affect AP, AIx, AIx75, and STI at baseline but decreased (P < 0.05) AP and STI during CPT and the increases in AP (~5mm Hg) and AIx75 (~7.3%) from baseline to CPT. CONCLUSIONS Watermelon supplementation reduced aortic BP and myocardial oxygen demand during CPT and the magnitude of the cold-induced increase in wave reflection in obese adults with hypertension. Watermelon may provide cardioprotection by attenuating cold-induced aortic hemodynamic responses. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Clinicaltrial.gov register, NCT01185041.
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors : Clinical implications of their different immunogenicity profiles

The beneficial effects of the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibodies infliximab and adalimumab and the soluble receptor fusion protein etanercept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and a variety of other inflammatory disorders have been well described. However, less is known about the propensity of these agents to stimulate the production of antibodies against themselves and the clinical implications of such immunogenicity. A better understanding of the differential immunogenicity of these agents may help explain certain phenomena that have been reported with clinical use of anti-TNF agents (eg, infusion reactions [all agents], the need for increasing doses with prolonged use [infliximab]). This review will discuss our current understanding of the diverse immunogenic profiles of currently marketed anti-TNF agents.
Autonomic dysfunction in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type

Abstract Abnormalities of the noradrenergic system have been documented in the central nervous system of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). To evaluate the autonomic sympathetic system in DAT, we measured lying and standing blood pressure (BP), pulse, and plasma epinephriine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in 60 DAT patients (mean age ± SD=65 ± 8 years), and 20 normal elderly controls. DAT patients had normal baseline findings (BP, pulse, NE, and E). Upon standing, plasma NE and E significantly increased in both DAT patients and controls, without group differences. However, the systolic BP response to standing was reduced in DAT patients compared with the normal controls (repeated measures ANOVA, p
Collision-induced dissociation of CO2+ cations: evidence for a long-lived excited state

Abstract Collision-induced dissociation of CO2+ ions formed by 70 eV electrons [CO2+(Ar, CO+Ar)O+] at 49 eV is translationally exothermic. The intensity distribution of O+ is symmetric about the Ar/O+ center-of-mass rather than that for Ar/CO2+, consistent with a spectator `knock-out' mechanism. We propose that 70 eV electron ionization produces a significant fraction of CO2+ ions in the a 4 Π u state with a lifetime of more than 30 μsec and that collision induces curve-crossing between the 4 Π u and 4 Σ − g states of CO2+. The process becomes endothermic at low electron energy, supporting the above conclusion.