cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A TEST OF APPROXIMATION METHODS IN POTENTIAL SCATTERING

Various approximation procedures fashionable in field theory for computing scattering amplitudes are tested on a soluble problem in potential theory — thes-wave scattering by an exponential potential. The methods include: 1) the Fredholm, or determinantal, expansion; 2) the Chew-Mandelstam procedure of constructing the scattering amplitudeT0 from analyticity properties and unitarity; 3) expansion ofT0 in powers of the potential strengthλ (Born approximation); 4) expansion of tgδ0 in powers ofλ, and 5) expansion of ctgδ0 in powers ofλ. Each is carried out in first and second order of approximation and compared with the exact result. The results are displayed in effective-range plots ofk ctgδ0vs energy. In addition, the energies of bound states as predicted by the approximations are compared with the exact result. Approximations 1), 2), and 5) in second order are comparable in accuracy, agree reasonably well with the exact result, and are appreciably better than 3) and 4). The binding energy of the first bound state is predicted well by method 2) in second order, and at best qualitatively by the other methods. All methods except 1) predict existence of bound states for repulsive potentials. In second order method 1) predicts no bound state for any value ofλ.
Management of Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria

Gender Identity Disorder (GID) is a psychiatric diagnosis that applies to persons whose gender identity is different from their assigned gender both in individuals with Disorders of Sex Development (DSM IV, GID Not Otherwise Specified) and in sexually normal individuals (DSM IV, GID).1 The core characteristics of patients diagnosed with GID include a strong and persistent cross-gender identification, persistent discomfort with his or her sex or sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex, a preoccupation with getting rid of primary and secondary sex characteristics, and significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning.1 The defining characteristic of GID is gender dysphoria which includes discomfort with the individual’s gender role and a wish to get rid of their sexual characteristics and to acquire the sexual characteristics of the other gender.
Classifier-based latency estimation: a novel way to estimate and predict BCI accuracy

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) that detect event-related potentials (ERPs) rely on classification schemes that are vulnerable to latency jitter, a phenomenon known to occur with ERPs such as the P300 response. The objective of this work was to investigate the role that latency jitter plays in BCI classification. Approach. We developed a novel method, classifier-based latency estimation (CBLE), based on a generalization of Woody filtering. The technique works by presenting the time-shifted data to the classifier, and using the time shift that corresponds to the maximal classifier score. Main results. The variance of CBLE estimates correlates significantly (p < 10-42) with BCI accuracy in the Farwell–Donchin BCI paradigm. Additionally, CBLE predicts same-day accuracy, even from small datasets or datasets that have already been used for classifier training, better than the accuracy on the small dataset (p < 0.05). The technique should be relatively classifier-independent, and the results were confirmed on two linear classifiers. Significance. The results suggest that latency jitter may be an important cause of poor BCI performance, and methods that correct for latency jitter may improve that performance. CBLE can also be used to decrease the amount of data needed for accuracy estimation, allowing research on effects with shorter timescales.
Assessment, Assessment Stakes, and Opportunity to Learn

(1997). Assessment, Assessment Stakes, and Opportunity to Learn. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 124-127.
An Estimate of the Impact of Drug Testing on the Deterrence of Drug Use

This study developed an estimate of the ability of the Navy's drug testing program to deter drug use. Drug use in the Navy was compared to comparable groups of civilians over time in order to deter...
Videogame Assisted Emotional Regulation Training: An ACT with RAGE-Control Case Illustration

This paper describes the treatment of an adolescent girl (age 16) who received the ACT with RAGE-Control intervention during her treatment in an urban inpatient psychiatry unit. ACT with RAGE-Control utilizes five traditional Cognitive Behavioral techniques combined with an active biofeedback videogame designed to strengthen a patient’s self-regulatory capacities while facing simulated stress in a virtual environment. The treatment is delivered as daily individual psychotherapy sessions over five consecutive days of an inpatient psychiatric admission. The following case illustrates the theory and techniques of the ACT with RAGE-Control intervention.
Atomistic simulation of a polymer-polymer interface: interfacial energy and work of adhesion

Abstract The interface between two structurally different polymeric hydrocarbons, atactic polypropylene (PP) and poly(1,4-cis-butadiene) (PBD), is studied with simulations of fully atomistic models. The model for the surface of PBD was reported previously, and the model for the surface of PP is reported here. Both surfaces are constructed as films of nanoscale thickness (25–30 A). The surface energy of PP at 300 K compares well with the experimental value, as does the value for PBD, which was reported earlier. The interface is formed by moving two surfaces close together and then running molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics simulations in a pseudo-two-dimensional periodic cell. The interfacial region between PP and PBD is found to have a thickness of 10–15 A by this method, as judged by the density profiles for the two types of monomer units. The interfacial tension between PP and PBD is in the range of experimental values (3–10 dyn cm−1 at 293 K) for several other pairs of polymers reported in the literature.
Mass-spectrometric and computational study of tryptophan radicals (Trp + H)˙ produced by collisional electron transfer to protonated tryptophan in the gas phase

Hydrogen atom adducts to tryptophan were generated for the first time in the gas phase by collisional electron transfer to protonated tryptophan at 7170 eV kinetic energy. The radicals showed fast dissociations by Cα–Cβ bond cleavage and cross-ring cleavages occurring on the 7.3 μs time scale. The mechanism of the Cα–Cβ bond cleavage was explained by ab initio computational analysis of the radical potential energy surface. This showed spontaneous isomerization of the primary tryptophan radical by ammonium hydrogen atom migration to the carboxyl group. The stable intermediate formed by the isomerization can undergo radical-induced scission of the Cα–Cβ bond in competition with H-atom migrations to the C-2 and C-4 positions of the indole ring. RRKM calculations of unimolecular rate constants on the B3-ROMP2/6-311++G(2d,p) potential energy surface indicated that the Cα–Cβ bond cleavage was the fastest unimolecular reaction of the radical intermediates within the range of internal energies acquired upon electron transfer. We also report an updated G2(MP2) proton affinity of tryptophan (PA = 946 kJ mol−1) and hydrogen atom affinities of the tryptophan indole ring of relevance to electron-based peptide dissociations.
Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor, The Ties that Buy: Women and Commerce in Revolutionary America

Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor, The Ties that Buy: Women and Commerce in Revolutionary America (2009), 264 (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, £26.00/$39.95). Ellen Hartigan-O'Connor focuses ...
Predictors of cause-specific hospital readmission in patients with heart failure.

Background Repeated hospital readmissions are frequent and increasing over time in patients with heart failure (HF). The predictors for readmission in patients with HF are not completely understood. Hypothesis The study was undertaken to investigate the time course of readmission by specific cause in patients with HF, and to examine the independent effects of HF etiology and left ventricular (LV) function on cause-specific readmissions. Methods A retrospective cohort of 493 consecutive patients with HF was followed for readmission for 16.5 +/- 12.3 months. Ischemic etiology of HF was defined as history of myocardial infarction (MI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), or > or = 70% coronary stenosis. Left ventricular function was assessed echocardiographically. Cause-specific readmissions were classified as HF, cardiovascular disease (CVD) other than HF, and other non-CVD. Results The annual readmission rate was 56.6%. Median time to readmission was 91 days, with 18.3% patients readmitted within 1 month after discharge. Ischemic etiology independently predicted all-cause readmission: Cox hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.40 (1.11-1.79). This relationship was significant in women (1.83 [1.31-2.55]), but not in men (1.15 [0.82-1.62]), while readmissions were equally frequent in both genders. Similarly, ischemic etiology significantly predicted readmission for CVD in women (4.18 [2.14-8.19]), but not in men (1.49 [0.83-2.67]). However, LV dysfunction independently predicted readmission for recurrent HF (2.44 [1.46-4.08]), while ischemic etiology was not predictive in either gender. Conclusions Readmissions for recurrent HF comprise only one-third of total hospital readmissions in patients with HF. Ischemic etiology is a significant predictor of readmission, and most of this effect is mediated through a four-fold increased risk of readmission for CVD other than HF in women. Readmission for recurrent HF is predicted by LV dysfunction but not by ischemic etiology. Patients with HF can be accurately risk stratified for cause-specific readmission with available clinical data.
Movement–attention coupling in infancy and attention problems in childhood

Adaptive behavior requires the integration of body movement and attention. Therefore, individual differences in integration of movement and attention during infancy may have significance for development. We contacted families whose 8-year-old children (n=26; 16 females, 10 males; mean age 8 y 2 mo, SD 8 mo) participated in a previous study of movement-attention coupling at 1 or 3 months of age, to assess parent-reported attention or hyperactivity problems using the Child Behavior Checklist and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) criteria. Parent-reported attention problems at 8 years of age were associated with less suppression of body movement at onset of looking, and greater rebound of body movement following its initial suppression at 3 months, but not at 1 month. Parent-reported hyperactivity was not related to any of the infant movement-attention measures. Results suggests that the dynamic integration of movement and attention early in life may have functional significance for the development of attention problems in childhood.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen: Clinical Utility in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

This study further defines the clinical utility of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in initial squamous carcinoma of the cervix, response to treatment, and in the detection of recurrence. Serum specimens were drawn and analyzed from patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Charts were reviewed on 272 patients with 1053 samples evaluated. Treatment of patients prior to the availability of the assay and patients lost to follow-up resulted in lower total numbers of initial and recurrent values. Data were analyzed to detect trends during and after treatment. All values at or above the lowest detectable level of antigen were included; that is, 1.5 ng/ml and above. A SCC-Ag value > or = 2.0 ng/ml drawn at any time during the disease process has a 96.3% positive predictive value, while a value < 2.0 ng/ml is 97.2% specific for absence of disease. Fifty-three percent of 103 patients had elevated SCC-Ag levels prior to treatment, with the proportion increasing accordingly with advancing stage at diagnosis. In 70 patients with recurrence, 81% had elevated values. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen predicted recurrence an average of 6.9 months prior to detection of clinically evident disease. Patients with initially negative SCC-Ag levels may demonstrate elevated values with tumor recurrence. This marker accurately reflects the response to treatment in patients who have elevated levels prior to treatment. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen is a useful tumor marker in the management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
The non-perturbative β-Function for SU(2) lattice gauce theory

We present results for the non-perturbative β-function along the Wilson axis for the SU(2) pure gauge theory using the Monte Carlo renormalization group (MCRG) method. The results show that there is no asymptotic scaling for the coupling KF ≡ 4/g2 < 2.5. The calculation was done on an 184 lattice using the 3 block transformation.
myc-related proteins and DNA sequences in Trypanosoma brucei.

Abstract The cAMP content of Trypanosoma brucei increases in parallel with ascending mammalian parasitemia to very high levels just before differentiation of the long-slender to the short-stumpy bloodstream form. Because expression of myc oncogenes is required for vertebrate cells to interpret proliferation signals and declines in response to cAMP mediated differentiation, we investigated whether T. brucei also harbored myc-like proteins and genes. Accordingly, we probed lysates of long-slenders, short-stumpies and procyclics (insect midgut stage) with antibody to myc proteins and also hybridized myc gene family sequences to procyclic DNA. We found that antibody to myc-family proteins of mammals reacts with 40 kDa and 55 kDa proteins in all three life cycle stages, and that procyclic DNA contains three EcoRI fragments that are homologous to a v-myc probe. One of these fragments also hybridizes to a synthetic 25-mer oligonucleotide deduced from a consensus sequence in the second exon of the myc family and expresses a 3.2 kb mRNA transcript in Northern blots of procyclic RNA. The conservation of myc-family homologues across the broad phylogenetic gap between mammals and trypanosomes illustrates ancient evolutionary relationships and raises the possibility of stage-specific expression of myc genes during the life cycle of T. brucei.
A NOVEL NEURAL-WAVELET DIAGNOSTICS APPROACH: APPLICATION TO MAGNETIC FLOWMETER

Magnetic flow meters (magmeters) are instruments for measuring the velocity of flow in many industrial applications. The signal that comes from a magmeter is noisy and conventional approaches are often not effective enough in dealing with actual field noise. Furthermore, diagnostic functions are attracting increasing attention, due to the possibility of implementing them in an inexpensive and reliable manner in magmeter hardware. Neural networks have proven capabilities for both learning and data handling in noisy circumstances. In this paper, a novel approach based on wavelet neural networks is presented to attack these two objectives. The stability, accuracy and response time of the new approach has been tested, and found to be superior to conventional approaches.
Epigenetic effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on female reproduction: An ovarian perspective

The link between in utero and neonatal exposure to environmental toxicants, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and adult female reproductive disorders is well established in both epidemiological and animal studies. Recent studies examining the epigenetic mechanisms involved in mediating the effects of EDCs on female reproduction are gathering momentum. In this review, we describe the developmental processes that are susceptible to EDC exposures in female reproductive system, with a special emphasis on the ovary. We discuss studies with select EDCs that have been shown to have physiological and correlated epigenetic effects in the ovary, neuroendocrine system, and uterus. Importantly, EDCs that can directly target the ovary can alter epigenetic mechanisms in the oocyte, leading to transgenerational epigenetic effects. The potential mechanisms involved in such effects are also discussed.
Venous air embolism in a child undergoing posterior fossa craniotomy: a case report

The incidence of venous air embolism in children undergoing neurosurgical procedures in the sitting position may be as high as 33 per cent. It may be more serious in children because smaller total volumes of air can produce serious physiologic disturbances or fatalities, and the risk of systemic air embolism through a patent foramen ovale or paient ductus arteriosus may be greater than in adults. The case of a six-year-old child who sustained four separate episodes of air embolism while undergoing posterior fossa exploration is presented. Early episodes were well tolerated, but later episodes produced clinical instability, A total of 11 cc of air was recovered from an indwelling right atrial catheter, and the patient recovered uneventfully. This case report illustrates the physiologic changes produced by venous air embolism and reviews the importance of adequate monitoring techniques and early treatment.
The effect of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine on bladder function.

Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NO synthase) in lower urinary tract tissues, however, its role in the detrusor is unclear. The current study was designed to determine if NO synthase inhibition alters detrusor activities, including micturition volume threshold, and inhibition of pelvic nerve-evoked contractions by various stimuli. In naive, anesthetized adult cats, inhibition of pelvic nerve-evoked bladder contractions, induced by hypogastric nerve stimulation or the intraarterial administration of NA, ATP, adenosine, beta,gamma-methylene ATP and 2-methylthio ATP, was measured before and after inhibition of NO synthase. The micturition volume threshold was also measured before and after NO synthase inhibition. L-NMMA decreased the micturition volume threshold by 38% (2 mg intravesical administration) or 80% (4 mg/kg i.a.). The magnitude of the micturition contractions was modestly increased. These results, and information in the literature, indicate that NO may play a role in the collection phase of the bladder cycle and any alteration of nitric oxide availability could induce or allow development of various bladder malfunctions, such as small bladder diseases, like interstitial cystitis.
Hyperfine structure and magnetic behavior of trivalent holmium in hexagonal LaCl3

Abstract Many absorption lines of Ho 3+ have well resolved nuclear hyperfine structure with eight nearly equidistant components. In other the hyperfine structure is unresolved because of short relaxation times of the excited states. The width of the splitting of levels and lines is proportional to the electronic Zeeman splitting factor in a parallel external field. The Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure reveals many weak interactions, which can be satisfactorily explained by crystal field theory. In a parallel field the linear splittings are modified by interactions, while in a transverse field all splittings and shifts are entirely due to such interactions.
Growing pains for Alcas Corporation

Abstract The unique direct marketing technique of Cutco Cutlery in alliance with Vector Marketing has been very efficient at meeting the demands of the consumer. Unfortunately, in the summer of 2001, the company was unable to satisfy the demand generated by its sales group. As a result, normal customer service suffered as demand became greater than supply. Who is responsible for the faulty sales forecasting? How can Cutco and Vector improve cross-functional communications to be better prepared in the future for the summer rush?
ALUM INJECTION INTO SEDIMENTS FOR PHOSPHORUS INACTIVATION AND MACROPHYTE CONTROL

ABSTRACT Aluminum sulfate was injected directly into lake sediments in an attempt to create a phosphorus-limiting environment to control macrophyte growth. The experimental site was located in a shallow lagoon off Lake Wingra, Wisconsin, which historically supports a dense, monotypic stand of Myriophyllum spicatum. A pump and probe mechanism was developed for sediment injection and alum was injected into experimental plots in late May 1986 at a dosage of 200 mg Al3+/L. Following injection, total dissolved phosphorus was reduced to a mean of 70 μg/L in interstitial Water at 13 cm sediment depth, compared to a mean of 460 μg/L in control plots at the same sediment depth. Phosphorus remained significantly lower in treated plots for at least 2 months. Alkalinity and pH were not significantly reduced; dissolved aluminum levels increased immediately following injection, but only in sediment-surface samples in harvested plots. No reduction in biomass attributable to alum treatment was observed during the 1986 gr...
Electron paramagnetic resonance and magnetic circular dichroism studies of electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase from pig liver.

Abstract Pig liver electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase has been investigated by room temperature UV-visible, low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance and low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies. The results provide unambiguous evidence for the presence of a single [4Fe-4S] cluster that is diamagnetic in the isolated enzyme and becomes paramagnetic with an S = 1 2 , ground state on reduction with dithionite or enzymatically with the physiological electron donor. The EPR data for samples at pH 7.8 indicate that FAD is reduced by one electron to the anionic semiquinone form in the enzymatically reduced enzyme, and by two electrons to the hydroquinone form by excess dithionite. The possibility of weak spin-spin interaction between the FAD semiquinone and the [4Fe-4S]1+ center is discussed in the light of the observation of a small increase in the linewidth of the Fe-S EPR in enzymatically reduced samples.
Assessing Spouses' Perceptions of Gottman's Temporal Form in Marital Conflict:

Gottman (1982) has developed a model of marital interaction and conflict that involves distinct ways in which distressed and nondistressed couples attempt to resolve disagreements over three sequen...
A fast eikonal equation solver using the Schrodinger wave equation

We use a Schrodinger wave equation formalism to solve the eikonal equation. In our framework, a solution to the eikonal equation is obtained in the limit as Planck's constant $\hbar$ (treated as a free parameter) tends to zero of the solution to the corresponding linear Schrodinger equation. The Schrodinger equation corresponding to the eikonal turns out to be a \emph{generalized, screened Poisson equation}. Despite being linear, it does not have a closed-form solution for arbitrary forcing functions. We present two different techniques to solve the screened Poisson equation. In the first approach we use a standard perturbation analysis approach to derive a new algorithm which is guaranteed to converge provided the forcing function is bounded and positive. The perturbation technique requires a sequence of discrete convolutions which can be performed in $O(N\log N)$ using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) where $N$ is the number of grid points. In the second method we discretize the linear Laplacian operator by the finite difference method leading to a sparse linear system of equations which can be solved using the plethora of sparse solvers. The eikonal solution is recovered from the exponent of the resultant scalar field. Our approach eliminates the need to explicitly construct viscosity solutions as customary with direct solutions to the eikonal. Since the linear equation is computed for a small but non-zero $\hbar$, the obtained solution is an approximation. Though our solution framework is applicable to the general class of eikonal problems, we detail specifics for the popular vision applications of shape-from-shading, vessel segmentation, and path planning.
COMBUSTION AND HEAT TRANSFER INTERACTION IN A PORE-SCALE REFRACTORY TUBE BURNER

An axisymmetric two-dimensional model of chemical reaction and heat transfer that accounts for the transport of mass, momentum, heat, and species in radial and axial directions has been developed to provide a fundamental understanding of the transport phenomena relevant to porous radiant burners made from ported ceramics. The passage geometry of practical porous media is modeled as a cylindrical tube in which combustion stakes place. This enables treatment of the chemical reactions and transport processes in the gas phase, of heat conduction in the tube wall, and of radiation exchange on the inside surface of the tube to account for the conjugate heat transfer effects. The predictions are compared with available experimental data for the purpose of model validation. Parametric calculations are performed using the model to improve understanding of the phenomena.
Disney in Africa and the inner city: On race and space in The Lion King

(1995). Disney in Africa and the inner city: On race and space in The Lion King. Social Identities: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 373-379.
Validation of the Scale of Functioning in Older Outpatients With Schizophrenia

The authors investigated the reliability and validity of the Scale of Functioning (SOF), a 15-item scale, in 78 middle-aged and elderly outpatients with schizophrenia. The SOF score had both high internal consistency and high interrater reliability and significantly discriminated between these patients and 45 normal comparison subjects. SOF scores correlated significantly with scores on several psychopathology rating scales as well as a number of existing instruments assessing cognitive or functional ability. Principal-components analysis using different scales of functional ability, psychopathology, and global cognitive performance and treated by orthogonal rotation revealed two domains of functioning, one of which was defined by the SOF along with scales for activities of daily living, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment. The other domain was defined by scales for quality of well-being, social adjustment, and positive and depressive symptoms. Results support the construct validity of the SOF in late-life schizophrenia.
“Nothing Like Pretend”: Difference, Disorder, and Dystopia in The Multiple World Spaces of Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials

This article examines the multiple worlds in Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials trilogy in light Pierre Bourdieu’s “space of possibles” and the combination of chance and choice that impact Lyra and Will’s decisions. Rather than viewing chance or destiny as disempowering, this article considers how the protagonists’ choices also encourage readers to confront their own notions of space in the world outside the narrative. As Lyra and Will work to escape and restore the dystopic multiverses through which they travel, Pullman’s text challenges readers to recognize and repair the dystopias in their own worlds and to accept the Keatsian “negative capabilities” of ambiguity and mystery in place of facile escape. Given this pedagogical imperative, Pullman’s enclosure of Lyra and Will in their separate worlds lies at the heart of his resistance to escapist tendencies of fairy-tale endings. Fantasy must be grounded in reality because Pullman’s readers must also continue the struggle for wisdom in their own worlds no less than Lyra and Will.
High efficiency silicon cells for luminescent solar concentrators

Abstract Energy conversion efficiencies of 18% and 19.4% at 0.1 W cm −2 and 1 W cm −2 respectively were measured for a luminescent solar concentrator cell under an air mass one solar spectrum. This cell was designed for operation under illumination of 600 nm wavelength and 1 W cm −2 . From these results and spectral response data an efficiency of 26% can be projected for illumination at 600 nm. This agrees well with computer code calculations of 28%. The substrate doping level, cell grid pattern, minority carrier lifetime and antireflection coating properties were studied to optimize the cell performance for 600 nm and longer wavelengths.
The Maastricht Treaty at Twenty: A Greco-European Tragedy?

Abstract Since 2010, the financial crisis has raged across Europe, taking down governments of several members of the euro-zone in the process. Despite strong pressure for reform, and many meetings of heads of state, the problems are far from over. The crisis has been widely represented as a sovereign debt fiasco and a failure of fiscal policy by five peripheral member states (Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Ireland). However, the real causes of the predicament of the euro-zone are more complex. A satisfactory understanding of the crisis is only possible if we distinguish among four phases: background factors, including structural flaws in the original design of the Maastricht Treaty; capital flows and fiscal deficits; dynamics of divergence, especially regarding competitiveness; and the crisis dynamics. In this contribution we identify three sets of factors — i.e., market spillovers and policy externalities, insufficient information related to the management of risk, and perverse incentives related to...
Review: In noncardiac surgery, β-blockers started before surgery increase 30-day mortality

Source Citation Bouri S, Shun-Shin MJ, Cole GD, Mayet J, Francis DP. Meta-analysis of secure randomised controlled trials of β-blockade to prevent perioperative death in non-cardiac surgery. Heart....
Information seeking among people with manic-depressive illness.

Objective: To develop a descriptive theory of the information-seeking states of hospitalized people with manic-depressive illness, as the first step in generating a substantive theory of the self-management informational needs and activities of this population. Design: Exploratory, using grounded theory methodology. Population, Sample, Setting: Predominantly indigent and ethnically-diverse population in one 250-bed, university-managed, county- and state-funded acute psychiatric facility in the Southwestern U.S.A. A convenient sample of 20 women and 13 men hospitalized for manic-depressive illness were interviewed from December 1992 through December 1993. Methods: Interviews with participants and review of medical records. Interview transcriptions were analyzed using conceptual coding and the constant comparative method. Findings: The core variable of information-seeking states was acceptance of having manic-depressive illness. Three groups are: information seekers, information receivers, and information rejectors. Seven informational states are: novice, recent acceptor, veteran, passive acceptor, acknowledged denier, acknowledged rejector, and complete rejector. An individual's information-seeking state is not necessarily constant, and may shift to another state depending upon various factors. Conclusions: This typology of information-seeking states is the firstpartofa substantive grounded theory of the self-management informational needs and activities of people trying to cope. Clinical Implications: Results of this study suggest that patient education should address a person's current information-seeking state. The proposed typology can be used to develop a self-assessment tool for completion by a patient before participating in educational or therapy programs.
FPGA based real time implementation scheme for ARINC 659 backplane data bus

Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture provides means for integrating multiple safety-critical applications on a shared hardware in an airborne system. Error free data transfer between different modules of an IMA cabinet is an issue of critical importance. ARINC 659 has proven to be one of the most comprehensive standards for intra-cabinet data transfer within an IMA cabinet of commercial aircrafts. This paper presents a Hardware Descriptive Language (HDL) based modular design and implementation details of the ARINC 659 Line Replaceable Modules (LRM) for backplane data bus communication. LRM consists of two major modules; Bus Interface Unit (BIU) and Host. BIU is used to achieve control functions, state management, synchronization and data transfer on the backplane data bus. Modular approach has been adopted in the design of BIU. Whereas, the functionality of Host is to provide the data to be transferred, monitor BIU activities and ensure error free transmission of the required data through BIU. Altera's NIOS soft processor core is configured to realize the functionality of the Host. A Direct Memory Access (DMA) interface is used to manage data transfer tasks from Host to Inter Module Memory (IMM) of BIU. The results show that it is highly probable to use FPGA with safety critical soft microprocessor core for practical implementation of the said standard.
Celastrol Potentiates Radiotherapy by Impairment of DNA Damage Processing in Human Prostate Cancer

Purpose Celastrol is an active ingredient of traditional herbal medicine and has recently been identified as a potent natural proteasome inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing potential of celastrol in the human prostate cancer PC-3 model. Methods and Materials Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the radiosensitizing effect of celastrol. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide staining and by a caspase-3 activation assay. DNA damage processing was examined by immunofluorescent staining and Western blot for phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX). The PC-3 xenograft model in the athymic nude mouse was used for the determination of the in vivo efficacy of celastrol combined with radiotherapy. The tumor samples were also analyzed for apoptosis and angiogenesis. Results Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to ionizing radiation (IR) in a dose- and schedule-dependent manner, in which pretreatment with celastrol for 1 h followed by IR achieved maximal radiosensitization. Celastrol significantly prolonged the presence of IR-induced γH2AX and increased IR-induced apoptosis. Celastrol, combined with fractionated radiation, significantly inhibited PC-3 tumor growth in vivo without obvious systemic toxicity. The combination treatment increased γH2AX levels and apoptosis, induced cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase and Mcl-1, and reduced angiogenesis in vivo compared with either treatment alone. Conclusion Celastrol sensitized PC-3 cells to radiation both in vitro and in vivo by impairing DNA damage processing and augmenting apoptosis. Celastrol might represent a promising new adjuvant regimen for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Low mass portion of the galaxy clustering spectrum

To understand the physical processes which controlled the formation of individual galaxies and clusters of galaxies, it is very important to determine the relative numbers of clusters over a wide range of masses. Although this present day clustering spectrum may not perfectly match the primordial spectrum, one hopes that the major features of the latter might be deduced from the observations. For the massive end of the clustering spectrum, the catalogue of Abell1 can be analysed to provide the necessary data2. For the faint end there are many problems, both observational and theoretical. The observational problems arise if attempts are made to specify group or cluster membership when insufficient data are available. These problems can be avoided by using a complete redshift survey. We have previously presented a large redshift survey of galaxies in a 260 deg2 region of the sky in the direction of the rich clusters Coma and A1367. We found eight groups and clouds which lie in the 4.2 × 104 Mpc3 (assuming H0 = 50 km s−1 Mpc−1) between the local supercluster and the Coma/A1367 supercluster. We use this new survey data here to determine the low mass portion of the clustering spectrum.
Electronic and structural properties of germania polymorphs

We present calculations for the electronic and structural properties of three polymorphs of ${\mathrm{GeO}}_{2}:$ the quartz, rutile, and coesite structures. The last structure is hypothetical. Although germania is not known to exist in the coesite structure, silica does. For this reason, we also include calculations for silica in the coesite structure to facilitate comparisons between the two oxides. Our calculations were performed within the pseudopotential density functional method, i.e., we used pseudopotentials constructed within the local density approximation and a plane wave basis. We determined the lattice parameters, cohesive energy, and bulk modulus by minimizing the total electronic energy of the solid. We find agreement for the structural properties within a few percent of experiment. The calculated electronic band structure, partial density, and total density of states are also presented. We find that for germania, in contrast to silica, the rutile structure is the lowest-energy polymorph.
Mean flow suppression by endwalls in oscillatory binary fluid convection

Abstract Competition between traveling and standing waves in binary fluid mixtures with a negative separation ratio S is studied for realistic boundary conditions. For typical experimental values of the Prandtl and Lewis numbers the suppression of net mean flow in traveling waves due to the presence of endwalls is found to have negligible effect (≈1 part in 10 4 ) on the coefficients of the nonlinear terms in the amplitude equations. The dominant effect of the endwalls enters therefore at linear order. The results are used to predict the range of S in which the initial instability is to stable “chevron” states.
Coulomb Interactions in the Uniform-Background Lattice Model

The uniform-background lattice model consists of a body-centered-cubic lattice of point charges of like sign embedded in a uniform background charge of the opposite sign. The method used by Fuchs to apply the Ewald sum formula to the case of static shear deformations is extended to apply to spatially periodic deformations. The dispersion relations (frequency as a function of wave number) are presented for propagation vectors in the [100], [110], [111], and [210] directions. Comparison is made with the dispersion relations for the same directions in a Born-von K\'arm\'an model of a body-centered cubic lattice in which only central interactions between nearest and next-nearest neighbors are considered. The values of the "Coulomb part" of the macroscopic elastic constants as calculated by Fuchs are used for this model. The problem of treating a model in which the background responds to the displacement of point charges is discussed.
Scalable rendering of massive triangle meshes on light field displays

We report on a multiresolution rendering system driving light field displays based on a specially arranged array of projectors and a holographic screen. The system gives multiple freely moving naked-eye viewers the illusion of seeing and manipulating 3D objects with continuous viewer-independent parallax. Multiresolution techniques which take into account the displayed light field geometry are employed to dynamically adapt model resolution to display capabilities and timing constraints. The approach is demonstrated on two different scales: a desktop PC driving a 7.4Mbeams TV-size display, and a cluster-parallel solution driving a large ( 1.6 i? 0.9 m ) 35Mbeams display which supports a room-size working space. In both cases, massive meshes of tens of millions of triangles are manipulated at interactive rates.
Confirmatory item factor analysis of Gough's socialization scale

The Socialization scale (So) of the California Psychological Inventory was administered to a sample of delinquent and nondelinquent males. Responses to items of the scale were subjected to a confir...
Effects of Hosting a Sport Event on Destination Brand: A Test of Co-branding and Match-up Models

Co-branding theory suggests that pairing an event with a destination will engender some transfer of image between the event and destination brands. The match-up hypothesis predicts that the direction and intensity of image transfer will depend on the quality of fit between event and destination brands. A 3 (activity level of city) × 3 (activity level of sport event) design was used to construct destination advertisements. The print advertisements were shown to a sample of 275 individuals who then rated the city and event on activity and evaluation scales. The presence of any sport event elevated city activity ratings, but event activity ratings were elevated only when the event was paired with a leisurely city. A mismatch of activity ratings negatively affected evaluation of a leisurely city, but the presence of any sport event elevated evaluation of an active city. Evaluation ratings mediated the event's effect on intention to visit the host city. Findings suggest that match-up between events and destinations is determined by priming of schema rather than by shared levels of a characteristic. Findings also suggest that familiarity with a brand may determine whether a paired brand's characteristic is assimilated or is a context for contrast. Implications for future research are discussed.
Plant community dynamics in a chain of lakes: principal factors in the decline of rooted macrophytes with eutrophication

Shoe Lake and East Graham Lake, part of a small chain of lakes in southeastern Michigan, USA, differ in nutrient loading and in the structure and productivity of their aquatic plant communities. A comparative study of species frequency and biomass distributions, nutrient contents, and responses to experimental nutrient enrichment and shading, was conducted to determine the principal factors controlling the macrophyte dynamics. A central objective was to address the question of why rooted macrophyte growth declines with eutrophication, and to test existing models designed to explain this phenomenon. In the more eutrophic Shoe Lake, diversity and productivity of rooted macrophytes were relatively low, restricted primarily by combined shading of phytoplankton, periphyton, and non-rooted macrophytes (principally Ceratophyllum demersum, along with Utricularia vulgaris and Cladophora fracta). In the less eutrophic East Graham Lake, lower nitrogen availability restricted the growth of all of these shading components, resulting in clearer water and higher productivity and diversity of rooted macrophytes. The macrophytes did not allelopathically suppress the phytoplankton in East Graham Lake. The results supported a direct relationship between nutrient loading, increasing growth of phytoplankton, periphyton and non-rooted macrophytes, and decline of rooted macrophytes.
Relationships between fibronectin (LETS protein) and actin

Abstract Double label immunofluorescence was used to study the distribution of fibronectin (LETS protein), actin and intermediate filaments in cultured cells. No relationship was observed between fibronectin and intermediate filaments, but fibronectin and actin showed coincident staining in a large proportion of cells during spreading or when fully spread. The distributions of actin and fibronectin staining during the course of cell spreading progressed through a series of patterns. Certain actin patterns correlated with certain fibronectin patterns. When fibrillar patterns developed, there was correspondence between the two fibrillar arrays in 80–100% of the cells. These results suggest a transmembrane relationship between microfilament bundles and fibronectin. We propose that fibronectin may participate in the formation of attachment plaques and discuss the interrelationship between plaques, microfilament bundles and fibronectin in cell-substratum and cell-cell contacts.
Seasonal changes in vocalization during behavior of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin

Four vocalizations (whistles, buzzes, quacks, and pops) were quantified during three behavioral categories (socializing, traveling, and feeding) of the bottlenose dolphin in the Newport River Estuary, North Carolina. This study tested the hypothesis that specific vocalizations of dolphins in this area are associated with specific behavioral categories during the summer and fall. Approximately twice the total number of vocalizations per unit time occurred during the fall as compared to the summer. Each type of vocalization had a distinctive and consistent acoustical structure. The relative frequency of the different vocalization types was significantly dependent on the behavior of the dolphins. Pops were consistently associated with feeding, quacks with socializing, and buzzes with traveling. Whistles, the most common vocalization, were associated with traveling and feeding during the summer and socializing in the fall. Dolphins spent more time involved in undirected activity (socialization) during the summer but spent more time traveling in search of food and feeding during the fall in preparation for migration out of the estuary and movement south.
Salt taste and hypertension: A critical review of the literature

Studies of the salt taste sensitivity, responsiveness, preference, and appetite of normotensive and hypertensive individuals have yielded therapeutic, diagnostic, predictive, and mechanistic findings related to hypertension. Following a brief description of the nature of these taste parameters, findings pertaining to the association between each and hypertension are critically reviewed. Potential clinical implications of this information, as well as the need to exercise caution in the translation of taste data into dietary practice are also discussed.
Average reward as a determinant of S- performance in differential conditioning

A total of 68 albino rats, distributed across three experiments, received differential reward magnitude training in a nonchoice brightness discrimination apparatus. The results showed that performance to a given amount of S- reward varied between groups that received the same average reward in the runway situation, and between groups that received the same stimulus-specific incentives but different amounts of average reward in the situation.
Effect of prehospital treatment on the outcome of status epilepticus in children

Diazepam is administered to children in status epilepticus by paramedics in many Emergency Medical Services systems throughout the United States despite the lack of clear evidence that this therapy is safe and effective when employed in the prehospital environment. We reviewed the clinical course of 45 episodes of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (SE) in 38 children to determine the effect of prehospital diazepam therapy (given rectally or intravenously) on the clinical course of SE and subsequent patient management. Nineteen SE episodes were treated with prehospital diazepam therapy--9 episodes with rectal diazepam (mean dose: 0.6 mg/kg) and 10 episodes with intravenous diazepam (mean dose: 0.2 mg/kg). Prehospital diazepam therapy was associated with SE of shorter duration (32 min vs 60 min; P = .007) and a reduced likelihood of recurrent seizures in the emergency department (58% vs 85%; P = .045). There were no significant differences between rectal and intravenous diazepam therapy with regard to SE duration, intubation, or recurrent seizures in the emergency department. These data suggest that prehospital administration of diazepam may shorten the duration of SE in children and simplify the subsequent management of these patients in the emergency department.