cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification of vehicle handling characteristics via steer-by-wire

While changing the handling characteristics of a conventional vehicle normally requires physical modification, a vehicle equipped with steer-by-wire can accomplish the same effect through active steering intervention. This paper presents an intuitive method for altering a vehicle's handling characteristics by augmenting the driver's steering command with full vehicle state feedback. The vehicle can be made more or less responsive depending on the driver's preference and particular operating conditions. Achieving a smooth, continuous change in handling quality requires both accurate state estimation and well-controlled steering inputs from the steer-by-wire system. Accurate estimates of vehicle states are available from a combination of global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) sensor measurements. By canceling the effects of steering system dynamics and tire disturbance forces, the steer-by-wire system is able to track commanded steer angle with minimal error. Experimental results verify that with precise steering control and accurate state information, the handling modification is exactly equivalent to changing the front tire cornering stiffness.
Morphological characters for a natural classification of Cenozoic Radiolaria, reflecting phylogenies

Abstract Descriptions of radiolarian species are likely to be enduringly useful only to the extent that they include descriptions of characters which indicate phylogenetic relationships. In recent years, a substantial number of Cenozoic radiolarian lineages have been traced, and these provide a basis for re-evaluating which characters are most useful in reflecting relationships (especially within the cyrtoids). A new Paleogene species ( Lophocyrtis hadra ) is described, using these post-Haeckelian principles.
The Predictability of Weather and Climate

The last thirty years have seen the development of comprehensive numerical models of the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere, based on physical principles. Such models are quite skillful at describing the evolving weather up to a few days ahead, despite imperfect theory and inadequate observational data. Yet even a hypothetical perfect model, which exactly represented the dynamics of the real atmosphere, and which used data from the best conceivable observing system, could not produce an accurate forecast of indefinitely long range. Any forecast must eventually lose skill because of the intrinsic instability of the atmosphere itself.
Photographic study and modeling of critical heat flux in horizontal flow boiling with inlet vapor void

Abstract This study explores the mechanism of flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) in a 2.5 mm × 5 mm horizontal channel that is heated along its bottom 2.5 mm wall. Using FC-72 as working fluid, experiments were performed with mass velocities ranging from 185–1600 kg/m2s. A key objective of this study is to assess the influence of inlet vapor void on CHF. This influence is examined with the aid of high-speed video motion analysis of interfacial features at heat fluxes up to CHF as well as during the CHF transient. The flow is observed to enter the heated portion of the channel separated into two layers, with vapor residing above liquid. Just prior to CHF, a third vapor layer begins to develop at the leading edge of the heated wall beneath the liquid layer. Because of buoyancy effects and mixing between the three layers, the flow is less discernible in the downstream region of the heated wall, especially at high mass velocities. The observed behavior is used to construct a new separated three-layer model that facilitates the prediction of individual layer velocities and thicknesses. Combining the predictions of the new three-layer model with the interfacial lift-off CHF model provides good CHF predictions for all mass velocities, evidenced by a MAE of 11.63%.
Low and variable critical concentrations of calcium in plant tissues

Abstract Calcium seems to be required by higher plants (and in parts of higher plants) in variable concentrations and much confusion exists about plant requirements of it. When most heavy metal concentrations are low, the calcium requirement in plants can also be low. Levels of calcium of 800 or less and up to 2000 ppm of dry weight are adequate under some conditions. Even though the requirement may be low, these levels are not much above critical concentrations and deficiency problems are easily encountered. Some calcium deficiency problems seem to be related to this phenomenon.
Bochenski on Property Identity and the Refutation of Universals

An argument against multiply instantiable universals is considered in neglected essays by Stanislaw Lesniewski and I.M. Bochenski. Bochenski further applies Lesniewski’s refutation of universals by maintaining that identity principles for individuals must be different than property identity principles. Lesniewski’s argument is formalized for purposes of exact criticism, and shown to involve both a hidden vicious circularity in the form of impredicative definitions and explicit self-defeating consequences. Syntactical restrictions on Leibnizian indiscernibility of identicals are recommended to forestall Lesniewski’s paradox.
Decreased endoneurial fluid electrolytes in normal rat sciatic nerve after aldose reductase inhibition

The role of the enzyme aldose reductase in nerve homeostasis was examined by treating rats with an aldose reductase inhibitor. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with Ponalrestat (25 mg/kg/day) or with excipient alone for 4 to 12 weeks before examining electrophysiologic function, endoneurial fluid electrolyte concentrations, nerve polyol levels, water content and (Na+,K+)-ATPase activity. Sorbitol, the product of glucose metabolism by aldose reductase, was detected in all nerves from control animals, whereas it was below detection limits in 7 of 11 nerves from Ponalrestat-treated rats. Ponalrestat treatment reduced endoneurial fluid sodium and chloride concentrations by 25% and 37%, respectively (both P < 0.001). No differences in nerve water content, conduction velocity, or ATPase activities were detected. These data, and previous studies demonstrating that increased flux through aldose reductase causes the accumulation of endoneurial electrolytes, suggest a role for this enzyme in modulation of the endoneurial microenvironment. However, short-term inhibition of aldose reductase does not appear to affect nerve function. Thus, our findings do not elicit concerns regarding the use of aldose reductase inhibitors in the treatment of clinical diabetic neuropathy.
RECURRENT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN AN INFANT--USE OF HIGH VOLTAGE DC SHOCK THERAPY IN MANAGEMENT.

The case of a 17-month-old infant with ventricular tachycardia has been presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by esophageal and right atrial electrocardiography. No cardiac abnormalities were demonstrated by bilane angiocardiography. Quinidine and steroid therapy were effective temporarily for conversion to normal sinus rhythm. Gradually, conversion became more difficult and sustained ventricular tachycardia became refractory to drug therapy. A Lown Cardioverter was employed with a single countershock discharge of 8 to 15 watt seconds (1,000 to 1,370 volts). The shock was electronically timed to occur at the peak of the QRS complex to avoid the vulnerable period of the cardiac cycle (T-wave), wherein the shock may initiate ventricular fibrillation. Normal sinus rhythm was established on five occasions with the administration of a single shock. Following this therapy, the patient remained well and maintained a normal sinus rhythm for ten months while on Quinaglute duratabs® and reserpine.
Is Primary Prostate Cancer Treatment Influenced by Likelihood of Extraprostatic Disease? A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Patterns of Care Study

Purpose To examine the patterns of primary treatment in a recent population-based cohort of prostate cancer patients, stratified by the likelihood of extraprostatic cancer as predicted by disease characteristics available at diagnosis. Methods and Materials A total of 157,371 patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 with clinically localized and potentially curable (node-negative, nonmetastatic) prostate cancer, who have complete information on prostate-specific antigen, Gleason score, and clinical stage, were included. Patients with clinical T1/T2 disease were grouped into categories of 50% likelihood of having extraprostatic disease using the Partin nomogram. Clinical T3/T4 patients were examined separately as the highest-risk group. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between patient group and receipt of each primary treatment, adjusting for age, race, year of diagnosis, marital status, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database region, and county-level education. Separate models were constructed for primary surgery, external-beam radiotherapy (RT), and conservative management. Results On multivariable analysis, increasing likelihood of extraprostatic disease was significantly associated with increasing use of RT and decreased conservative management. Use of surgery also increased. Patients with >50% likelihood of extraprostatic cancer had almost twice the odds of receiving prostatectomy as those with 50% likelihood of extraprostatic cancer (34%) and clinical T3–T4 disease (24%). The proportion of patients who received prostatectomy or conservative management was approximately 50% or slightly higher in all groups. Conclusions There may be underutilization of RT in older prostate cancer patients and those with likely extraprostatic disease. Because more than half of prostate cancer patients do not consult with a radiation oncologist, a multidisciplinary consultation may affect the treatment decision-making process.
Psychological Contracts: Does Work Status Affect Perceptions of Making and Keeping Promises?

The theory of psychological contracting provides a framework to explore occupational work group differences in the promises and violations employees perceive. Prior research suggests that work stat...
Effect of Vitamin D, Sucrose, Corn Oil and Endocrines on Tissue Cholesterol in Rats

A diet containing 65 per cent sucrose with added cholesterol resulted in hypercholesteremia and increased tissue cholesterol deposition in rats. Ten per cent corn oil with added cholesterol in Purina laboratory chow had no apparent effect on the serum total cholesterol but increased cholesterol deposition in tissues. Ovariectomy was without significant effect. Thyroidectomy or hypophysectomy aggravated the hypercholesteremia and the increased tissue cholesterol deposition induced by the sucrose diet. The effect of hypophysectomy was not due to the loss of thyrotrophic hormone alone. Addition of vitamin D aggravated hypercholesteremia and increased liver cholesterol deposition in normal, thyroidectomized or hypophysectomized rats fed the sucrose diet. In ovariectomized rats, the tissue cholesterol deposition was also augmented. When corn oil diet was fed, the supplementary vitamin D increased the serum total cholesterol level of the thyroidectomized rat.
Public Sector Reform in Australia: An Evaluation of the Corporatisation of Sydney Water, 1995 to 2002

Abstract The corporatisation of Sydney Water from 1995 onwards formed part of a much broader process of public sector reform in Australia. However, Sydney Water represents an unusual case study of corporatisation since it has embodied two distinct forms of corporate structure over the period 1995 to 2002; both the company model and the statutory model. This paper seeks to evaluate the success or otherwise of this corporatisation process using “internal” measures of performance appraisals undertaken by “outside” bodies in four main forums: The independent assessments against Operating Licence conditions, New South Wales Government’s annual assessments of government businesses performance, Sydney Water’s own performance measurement against corporate Business Plans, and water reform measures stipulated by the Council of Australian Governments. ∗∗ Andrew Jane is a Master of Economics, School of Economics, University of New England. Brian Dollery is a Professor in the School of Economics at the University of New England. Contact information: School of Economics, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. Email: bdollery@pobox.une.edu.au
Management of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: Role of Thoracoscopy in Diagnosis and Therapy

Objectives The solitary pulmonary nodule remains acommon clinical problem. The essential question is whether the lesionis malignant or not. This discussion presents the clinical practice andlooks at the problem. Design Didactic. Setting Academic tertiary-care hospital. Patients Prospective thoracic database. Interventions Minimally invasivetechnique. Results The workup and treatment ofthe solitary pulmonary nodule is presented with particular emphasis onthe role of minimally invasive techniques. A small single-institutionseries is referenced. Conclusions The approach issafe and highly effective in diagnosing and often in treating solitarypulmonary nodules.
A flow cytometry-based method for detecting antibody responses to murine cytomegalovirus infection☆

An assay based on target cells infected with green fluorescent protein labeled murine cytomegalovirus (GFP-MCMV) and dual color flow cytometry for detecting antibody to MCMV is described. After optimizing conditions for this technique, kinetics of anti-MCMV IgG antibody response was tested in susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (C57BL/6) mouse strains following primary MCMV infection. Previously published antibody kinssetics were confirmed in susceptible mice, with peak IgG response seen ∼8 weeks after primary infection, decreasing by 20 weeks after infection. In contrast, MCMV resistant C57BL/6 mice showed significantly lower IgG antibody responses than susceptible mice. Although several techniques have been previously described to detect murine antibody responses to MCMV, including nuclear anti-complement immunofluorescence, viral immunoblotting, complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination, and enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay techniques, these techniques are all time consuming and laborious. The technique presented is a simple time efficient alternative to detect previous MCMV antibody responses in experimentally infected mice.
Small-scale divergence penalization for incompressible flow problems via time relaxation

We study continuous Galerkin finite-element methods for incompressible fluid flow simulation, equipped with the time relaxation of velocity divergence. We show that this (consistent) time relaxation term penalizes small-scale fluctuations in the divergence and present efficient algorithms for its use where the filtering and deconvolution steps are decoupled from the momentum-mass system. Several numerical experiments are provided that demonstrate that more accurate solutions with improved mass conservation are obtained by addition of the time relaxation term to some commonly employed finite-element methods, both for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
Bullying of Students with Asperger Syndrome

Asperger's Syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder in which individuals are unable to interpret social cues, often have special interests, and are pedantic in their expression. Children with Asperg...
Remote polymerization of coatings with the release of borane from its amine complex

We define remote polymerization as the formation of a photopolymer without the benefit of either light or a photoinitiator. In the reported experiments, a radical-generating trialkylborane–oxygen system was used with an active trialkylborane that was released from its stable amine complex by a vaporous (i.e., gas-phase) reagent. Acrylates and methacrylates were polymerized after oxidative radical formation from the highly reactive borane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Optimizing the thermal behavior of subarrayed data caches

Designing temperature-aware microarchitectures for microprocessors at new technologies is becoming a critical requirement due to the exponentially increasing on-chip power density. Extremely high power density, thus the very high on-chip temperature, not only significantly increases the packaging and cooling costs, but also creates tremendous difficulties in chip leakage control and reliability. Being a major contributor to chip transistor budget and die area, caches account for a significant share of the overall processor power consumption, including both dynamic and leakage power. This work analyzes the thermal behavior of subarrays within a conventional data cache when running a set of applications from the SPEC2000 benchmark suite, and proposes two new subarraying schemes, namely, the separated scheme and the interleaved scheme, to improve the thermal behavior of subarrays in terms of more predictable behavior and reduced subarray temperatures. These optimizations can be also combined with dynamic thermal management (DTM) techniques to further improve the efficiency of thermal management. The impact of leakage control on the subarray thermal behavior is also evaluated.
Growth Strategies in Semi-Industrial Countries

I. Inward- and outward-looking strategies of industrial development, 24. — II. Effects on the allocation of resources, 28. — III. Large-scale economies and technological change, 32. — IV. Effects on foreign trade, 38. — V. Effects on economic growth, 43. — VI. Conclusion, 44.
Strength of Bolted Aluminum Alloy Tension Members

Aluminum alloy tension members are incorporated in structural and mechanical systems, examples of which include bracing in railcars, members in roof trusses, and transmission towers. In practice, it is difficult to connect all elements of a complex cross section. Procedures used to estimate the net section rupture strength of a tension member through a bolted end connection must account for the accompanying reduction in efficiency. Current provisions within the Aluminum Design Manual fail to adequately address situations other than single or double angle tension members attached by a single leg. During the course of this investigation, 72 aluminum alloy tension members consisting of angles, channels, and structural T's were fabricated and tested to failure. Variables considered during the course of the study included bolt pattern, connection length, cross-section profile and area, connection eccentricity, and alloy. Experimental results were accompanied by finite-element analysis of several of the test specimens. A design rule is proposed and compared to the experimental data as well as several other methods for calculation of the net section rupture strength.
Theoretical study of the slow motion of a sphere and a fluid in a cylindrical tube

The results of a theoretical treatment are presented for the slow flow of a viscous fluid through a circular cylinder within which a small spherical particle is confined. The sphere is situated in an arbitrary position within the cylinder, rotates with an arbitrary constant angular velocity and moves at constant velocity parallel to the wall. Approximate expressions are presented which give the frictional force, torque, and permanent pressure drop caused by the presence of this obstacle in the original Poiseuillian field of flow.An eccentricity function for the torque on a sphere in a circular cylinder was evaluated numerically. It can be used to predict the wall-effect for the torque as well as the angular velocity with which a ‘dense’ spherical particle will rotate. Expressions are presented which predict the angular velocity of ‘dense’ as well as neutrally buoyant hydrodynamically supported spherical particles.
Spurious dynamics in somatosensory cortex.

Abstract Cortical networks are dynamical systems whose task is to process information. However, in addition to ‘intended’ dynamical behaviors, the sheer complexity of a cortical network's structure—regardless of its precise details—should generate additional ‘unintended’ dynamical behaviors. Dynamics observed in cortical network models and in the somatosensory cortex suggest that such spurious dynamical behaviors are likely to be pervasive but relatively simple, contributing to—rather than dominating—a network's response to stimuli. Spurious dynamics may be responsible for a variety of experimentally observed intriguing features of cortical dynamics. Because of their distributed origins and emergent nature, such dynamical features, while clearly identifiable, will resist attempts at identifying specific mechanisms to explain them. We describe some of the spurious dynamical phenomena associated with somatosensory cortical response to brushing stimulation, to illustrate how spurious dynamics can affect neurons’ functional properties, cortical stimulus representation and, ultimately, perception.
Correlates of carotid stenosis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting--a case control study.

Carotid duplex ultrasonography (DUS) is routinely performed prior to coro- nary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) on all patients > 65 years old because of the reported associated risk of finding concomitant carotid artery stenosis. Identifying risk factors that correlate with severe carotid stenosis may result in more cost- effective screening for patients with asymptomatic carotid artery disease prior to CABG. We performed a retrospective study to identify risk factors for significant carotid artery disease in patients scheduled to undergo CABG between March 2005 and March 2008 at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients with carotid stenosis ≥ 70% identified by DUS (n = 50) were matched by age and sex to control patients who had 70%) carotid disease. The patient cohorts were predominantly male with no significant difference in the incidence of diabetes, hypertension, extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) (i.e. left main coronary artery disease (LMCA) and one, two-, or three-vessel CAD) or lipid abnormalities in the two groups. Univariate analysis identi- fied the presence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD, p = 0.001), a cervical bruit (p < 0.0001), a prior neurological event (p = 0.020), and the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA; p = 0.046) as significant predictors of ≥ 70% internal carotid artery stenosis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of a carotid bruit (p = 0.0068) and PAD (p = 0.0194) were associated with an increased risk of sig- nificant carotid artery disease. In conclusion, the presence of a carotid bruit or PAD predicts an increased likelihood of significant carotid artery disease in patients under- going CABG. Unlike previous studies, LMCA or extent of CAD did not correlate with significant carotid artery disease. Using these predictive models, a prospective out- comes trial is required to validate these criteria.
Single-marker identification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer stem cells with aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Background. In accord with the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, only a small subset of cancer cells are capable of forming tumors. We previously reported that CD44 isolates tumorigenic cells from head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Recent studies indicate that aldehyde dehydrogen- ase (ALDH) activity may represent a more specific marker of CSCs. Methods. Six primary HNSCCs were collected. Cells with high and low ALDH activity (ALDH high /ALDH low ) were isolated. ALDH high and ALDH low populations were implanted into NOD/
Implied-V(oc) and Suns-V(oc) Measurements in Multicrystalline Solar Cells

Presented at the 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; New Orleans, Louisiana; May 17-24, 2002. ©2002 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
Epidural Catheters and Drug-Eluting Stents: A Challenging Relationship

e RUG-ELUTING STENTS (DESs) have revolutionized the practice of invasive cardiology, and they have also ignificantly altered the management of the patient in the periperative setting. The issue of thrombosis of DESs in the erioperative period has been previously addressed.1,2 The etilogy is hypothesized to be related to the systemic inflammaory response and hypercoagulable state3 in conjunction with he discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and lopidogrel).4 Survival from coronary stent thrombosis epiodes requires immediate cardiac interventions coupled with he administration of intravenous anticoagulant and antiplatelet gents. The situation becomes more complex if the patient eceived continuous neuraxial blockade intraoperatively. In this ontext, the key issue resides in balancing the risk of an pidural hematoma (anticoagulation) against the benefit of imediate coronary revascularization (percutaneous coronary inerventions). This case report presents the management issues related to a horacic epidural catheter, placed preoperatively for postopertive analgesia, in a patient with DESs who required emergency ngioplasty 3 hours after aortic surgery.
How Can Women Escape the Compensation Negotiation Dilemma? Relational Accounts Are One Answer

Policy makers, academics, and media reports suggest that women could shrink the gender pay gap by negotiating more effectively for higher compensation. Yet women entering compensation negotiations face a dilemma: They have to weigh the benefits of negotiating against the social consequences of having negotiated. Research shows that women are penalized socially more than men for negotiating for higher pay. To address this dilemma, the authors test strategies to help women improve both their negotiation and social outcomes in compensation negotiations. In Study 1, communicating concern for organiza- tional relationships improved female negotiators' social outcomes, and offering a legitimate account for compensation requests improved negotiation outcomes. However, neither strategy—alone or in combination—improved both women's social and negotiation outcomes. Study 2 tested two strategies devised to improve female negotiators' social and negotiation outcomes by explaining why a compensation request is legitimate in relational terms. Results showed that, although adherence to the feminine stereotype is insufficient, using these ''relational accounts'' can improve women's social and negotiation outcomes at the same time. Normative implications of conformity to gender stereotypes to reduce gender pay disparities are discussed.
Clinical Significance of an Equivocal Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram

Patients with an equivocal signal averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) had less heart disease and better prognosis than patients with overtly abnormal SAECGs. An equivocal SAECG should not prompt further invasive diagnostic testing for ventricular tachycardia unless other clinical risk factors are present.
Targeting SDF-1 in multiple myeloma tumor microenvironment

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of B-cell malignancy that remains incurable to date. The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in MM progression. The chemokine SDF-1 (CXCL12) is an important actor of the BM microenvironment that has the ability to regulate numerous processes related to its malignant transformation during MM development. The activity of SDF-1 is mainly mediated by its specific receptor CXCR4, which is expressed at the surface of MM cells and various other BM cell types. Current treatments available for MM patients mainly target tumor cells but have limited effects on the BM microenvironment. In this context, SDF-1 and CXCR4 represent ideal targets for the normalization of the MM-supportive BM microenvironment. The present review focuses on the activity of SDF-1 in the MM BM microenvironment and the current efforts carried out to target the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis for treatment of MM.
Histology of aging: central nervous system.

This review focuses on some of the basic structural alterations taking place in the aging central nervous system including cerebral neuroglial changes in both human and animal models. The survey co...
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF THE BEAUFORT SEA

The Beaufort Sea borders the northern coasts of the United States and Canada. During the last decade, oil discovered at the Prudhoe Bay field contributes a substantial amount of the petroleum needs of the U.S. At present, it represents approximately 20 percent of the total domestic production. However, according to estimates made by the Department of the Interior, gas and oil lie under the Alaskan coastal waters (mainly in the Beaufort Sea) accounts for about 40 percent of the total domestic reserve. To assist government agencies in their assessment of offshore oil exploration, the authors have been engaged, during the past nine years, in three-dimensional modeling work of the the Alaskan coastal area (Fig. 1). Results from the modeling work involving the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea have been reported at an earlier conference (Ref. 1). This paper describes the formulation, coupling, and other essential aspects of the Beaufort Sea model (Fig. 2). The Beaufort Sea, occupying a larger portion of the Alaskan coastal water, is dynamically interactive with other modeled areas. Most importantly, the exchange of water mass with the Chukchi Sea interconnects the Bering Sea through the Bering Strait (Fig. 3). Under certain weather conditions, ice in the Beaufort Sea can be transported toward the Bering Sea by an "ice breakout" process through the Bering Strait.
B-ALL minimal residual disease flow cytometry: an application of a novel method for optimization of a single-tube model.

Objectives: Optimizing a clinical flow cytometry panel can be a subjective process dependent on experience. We develop a quantitative method to make this process more rigorous and apply it to B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) minimal residual disease (MRD) testing. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed our existing three-tube, seven-color B-ALL MRD panel and used our novel method to develop an optimized one-tube, eight-color panel, which was tested prospectively. Results: The optimized one-tube, eight-color panel resulted in greater efficiency of time and resources with no loss in diagnostic power. Conclusions: Constructing a flow cytometry panel using a rigorous, objective, quantitative method permits optimization and avoids problems of interdependence and redundancy in a large, multiantigen panel.
Prevention of cancer.

We know enough about cancer to understand that it is generally preventable. In order to bring large-scale prevention within reach, we need to know much more about what causes cancers in people. We do not know, for instance, how cigarettes cause lung cancer or what protects nine out of 10 smokers from the disease for decades. The rapid changes that have occurred in the incidence of many common cancers and the wide variation in mortality rates of specific cancers in different communities and countries are unexplained. These are many leads to be pursued.
Relationship between the physiological and biochemical characteristics and the nitrogen use efficiency in the flowering stage of the rice(Oryza Sativa L.)variety with high nitrogen use efficiency

The relationship between the biochemical characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) in the Flowering Stage of the rice(Oryza Sativa L.) variety-Dasanbyeo with high NUE and Lemont with low NUE,which were treated with 4 nitrogen-applying rates(0,1.04,1.55 and 2.07 g pot-1)under the condition of pot culturation,was studied.The result indicated that the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPCase),ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase(RuBPCase) and sucrose phosphorylase synthase(SPS) and the content of protein in the flowering stage of Dasanbyeo were obviously higher than those in Lemont and the difference in those indexes between the two different varieties were significant at the treatment with meddle and low nitrogen-applying rate(1.03-2.07 g pot-1).The activity of RuBPCase,SPS and Nitrate reductase(NR) of the two species of rice varieties was varied with the increment of nitrogen-applying rate,which relationship was in the parabola in shape.The activity of PEPCase and the content of protein in Dasanbyeo were raised with the increment of nitrogen-applying rate,which showed a linear relation.The difference of net photosynthesis rate between the two different varieties were not significant at the difference treatments of nitrogen level.The regression analysis showed that the difference in the activity of NR,PEPCase and the content of Pro resulted mainly in the various phenotypes of NUE of different varieties.
Misunderstandings of novelty assessment users in application for scientific projects and achievements and their solutions

Based on an analysis of misunderstandings of novelty assessment users in application for scientific projects and achievements and their manifestations,stress was laid on the necessity of education for novelty assessment users,popularization of knowledge about novelty assessment,and expansion of novelty assessment service by making full use of network platform and bringing the role of consignors into full play in novelty assessment.
A New Option for Broadband Wireless Network:Wi-Fi Offload

Smartphones and laptop computers have brought about an explosion in data traffic,and using Wi-Fi to offload data flow has become a trend.This paper suggests that a smart antenna can enhance signal coverage,improved AP/AC can reduce handoff time,PMIP can provide IP mobility,and a relatively transparent Wi-Fi network can be used to provide new services.It proposes seamless coverage and handoff that satisfies medium-speed mobile Wi-Fi and greatly offloads Internet and data traffic.The 2G/3G/LTE network continues to carry voice and other high value-added business.
Karl Radek and Soviet War Aims: National Defence and Early Peace

It has been argued that the early history of Soviet foreign policy can be seen as a combination of two contrasting tendencies or types, ‘best epitomized in the personalities of Leonid Krasin and Karl Radek’.3 Whereas the former stressed the need for normalising relations with the West, the latter embodied the emphasis on world revolution. Although it is true that, in terms of back-ground and personal interest, the two men were poles apart, their views on the Polish War of 1920 were strikingly similar. They worked through completely different media and methods – Krasin by means of quiet diplomacy via the Trade Delegation, and Radek through the Soviet press and the Comintern – but
Determination of the in situ mechanical behavior of ankle ligaments

Abstract The mechanical behavior of ankle ligaments at the structural level can be characterized by force–displacement curves in the physiologic phase up to the initiation of failure. However, these properties are difficult to characterize in vitro due to the experimental difficulties in replicating the complex geometry and non-uniformity of the loading state in situ. This study used a finite element parametric modeling approach to determine the in situ mechanical behavior of ankle ligaments at neutral foot position for a mid-sized adult foot from experimental derived bony kinematics. Nine major ankle ligaments were represented as a group of fibers, with the force–elongation behavior of each fiber element characterized by a zero-force region and a region of constant stiffness. The zero-force region, representing the initial tension or slackness of the whole ligament and the progressive fiber uncrimping, was identified against a series of quasi-static experiments of single foot motion using simultaneous optimization. A range of 0.33–3.84 mm of the zero-force region was obtained, accounting for a relative length of 6.7±3.9%. The posterior ligaments generally exhibit high-stiffness in the loading region. Following this, the ankle model implemented with in situ ligament behavior was evaluated in response to multiple loading conditions and proved capable of predicting the bony kinematics accurately in comparison to the cadaveric response. Overall, the parametric ligament modeling demonstrated the feasibility of linking the gross structural behavior and the underlying bone and ligament mechanics that generate them. Determination of the in situ mechanical properties of ankle ligaments provides a better understanding of the nonlinear nature of the ankle joint. Applications of this knowledge include functional ankle joint mechanics and injury biomechanics.
Graphical Time Warping for Joint Alignment of Multiple Curves

Dynamic time warping (DTW) is a fundamental technique in time series analysis for comparing one curve to another using a flexible time-warping function. However, it was designed to compare a single pair of curves. In many applications, such as in metabolomics and image series analysis, alignment is simultaneously needed for multiple pairs. Because the underlying warping functions are often related, independent application of DTW to each pair is a sub-optimal solution. Yet, it is largely unknown how to efficiently conduct a joint alignment with all warping functions simultaneously considered, since any given warping function is constrained by the others and dynamic programming cannot be applied. In this paper, we show that the joint alignment problem can be transformed into a network flow problem and thus can be exactly and efficiently solved by the max flow algorithm, with a guarantee of global optimality. We name the proposed approach graphical time warping (GTW), emphasizing the graphical nature of the solution and that the dependency structure of the warping functions can be represented by a graph. Modifications of DTW, such as windowing and weighting, are readily derivable within GTW. We also discuss optimal tuning of parameters and hyperparameters in GTW. We illustrate the power of GTW using both synthetic data and a real case study of an astrocyte calcium movie.
Orogen transplant: Taconic–Caledonian arc magmatism in the central Brooks Range of Alaska

The Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range, Alaska, exposes a unique package of Cambrian−Devonian(?) volcanic and sedimentary basement rocks (Apoon assemblage) within the Mesozoic−Cenozoic Brookian fold-and-thrust belt. Recognition of a major pre-Mississippian unconformity within the fenster led to previous correlations between the Apoon assemblage and age-equivalent strata in the North Slope subterrane of the composite Arctic Alaska−Chukotka microplate. Previous age constraints on the Apoon assemblage are limited to a handful of Cambrian−Devonian paleontological collections and hornblende K-Ar and 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages from mafic dikes ranging from ca. 520 to 380 Ma. We conducted U-Pb and Hf isotopic analyses on igneous and sedimentary units in the Apoon assemblage to test links with the North Slope subterrane and assess the tectonic and paleogeographic setting of this early Paleozoic arc complex. Igneous zircon from a leucogabbro in the Apoon assemblage analyzed using a sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe with reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) provided a 207 Pb-corrected 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 462 ± 8 Ma (2σ). Detrital zircon analyzed using laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) from volcaniclastic and tuffaceous strata of the Apoon assemblage yielded a spectrum of unimodal and polymodal age populations, including prominent age groups at ca. 490−420, 540−520 Ma, 1250−960, 1500−1380, 1945−1750, and 2830−2650 Ma. Lu-Hf isotopic data from the ca. 490−420 Ma age population, including the Middle Ordovician leucogabbro, are highly juvenile (e Hf ∼+7−10), implying a distinct lack of crustal assimilation during Ordovician−Silurian arc magmatism. In context, these data suggest that a juvenile arc complex, herein referred to as the Doonerak arc, marks a prominent tectonic boundary between pre-Mississippian crustal fragments of Laurentian- and non-Laurentian affinity in the Arctic Alaska−Chukotka microplate. The U-Pb geochronologic and Hf isotopic data also provide a connection to Taconic−Caledonian arc magmatism along the edge of the Iapetus Ocean and linkages between the Apoon assemblage and the Descon Formation and plutonic equivalents of the Alexander terrane (Prince of Wales Island, Alaska).
Reliability Study of Organic Light-emitting Diodes by Continuous-wave and Pulsed Current Stressing

The stability of green phosphorescent OLEDs with different structures was evaluated through constant-current stressing. Through the modifications of the ITO anode by different plasma treatments and the hole transport layer (HTL) by incorporating inorganic dopants, we proved that energy level misalignment at the ITO/HTL interface leads to localized joule heating, accelerating defect generation and luminescence decay. Pulsed current stressing was then employed to suppress the joule-heating effect so as to differentiate the thermal and nonthermal factors governing the device degradation. For OLEDs with a large energy barrier at the ITO/HTL interface, the effective lifetime was markedly increased under pulsed operation, whereas in OLEDs with an appropriate interfacial energy level alignment, pulsed stressing with 10% duty cycle only improved the effective half life by ∼15% as compared to continuous-wave stressing, indicating a minor role played by joule heating.
Abstract 1954: Metabolic serum signatures as potential prognostic biomarkers for neuroblastoma patients

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric malignancy with phenotypes varying from spontaneously regressing to metastatic tumors. Thus, disease stratification and the subsequent treatment decision is of utmost importance for NB patients. The methods, which are currently available for prognosis, require complex genetic analyses and access to the tumor tissue. Thus, there is a need for new prognostic and predictive markers that reflect the NB biology and rely on simple tests and easily accessible material. Serum metabolite profiles reflect a combination of factors released by the tumors and the general metabolic state of the patients. Thus, identifying the differences in metabolites between patients with various tumor phenotypes and responses to treatment may lead to discovery of biologically relevant prognostic biomarkers. The goal of our study was to determine blood-based metabolic signatures characteristic for patients with low and high-risk NB and identify potential biomarkers of high-risk disease. Plasma samples from NB patients at different stages of the disease were obtained from the Children’s Oncology Group. Initially, 50 samples were analyzed by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) in conjunction with electrospray-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF). A set of 26 independent plasma samples was then used for validation study. Statistically significant differences in metabolic profiles were observed between serum from patients with low and high risk disease, various stages of the disease (stage 1-2 vs stage 3 and/or stage 4), as well as undifferentiated vs. differentiating tumors. For all comparisons, the metabolic signatures consisting of metabolites significantly different between the groups exhibited high test sensitivity and specificity (the area under the ROC curves 0.92-1). Metabolites that were dysregulated in high risk NBs included those involved in energy and choline metabolism, as well as amino acid and lipid biosynthesis. Of particular interest was a significant increase in serum levels of oxoglutaric acid observed in patients with high-risk disease (p Citation Format: Richa Jain, Kirandeep Gill, Leon Qingliang Li, Amrita K. Cheema, Joanna B. Kitlinska. Metabolic serum signatures as potential prognostic biomarkers for neuroblastoma patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1954. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1954
Implications of a metric for performance portability

Abstract The term “performance portability” has been informally used in computing to refer to a variety of notions which generally include: (1) the ability to run one application across multiple hardware platforms; and (2) achieving some notional level of performance on these platforms. However, there has been a noticeable lack of consensus on the precise meaning of the term, and authors’ conclusions regarding their success (or failure) to achieve performance portability have thus far been subjective. Comparing one approach to performance portability with another has generally been marked with vague claims and verbose, qualitative explanation of the comparison. This article presents a concise definition for performance portability and an associated metric that accurately capture the performance and portability of an application across different platforms. Through retroactive application of this metric to previous research and a review of numerous programming languages, frameworks and libraries, we devise and suggest tractable approaches to code specialization which can aid the community in developing highly performance-portable applications with minimal impact to productivity.
Purinergic P2X4 receptors and mitochondrial ATP production regulate T cell migration

T cells must migrate in order to encounter antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and to execute their varied functions in immune defense and inflammation. ATP release and autocrine signaling through purinergic receptors contribute to T cell activation at the immune synapse that T cells form with APCs. Here, we show that T cells also require ATP release and purinergic signaling for their migration to APCs. We found that the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) triggered mitochondrial ATP production, rapid bursts of ATP release, and increased migration of primary human CD4+ T cells. This process depended on pannexin-1 ATP release channels and autocrine stimulation of P2X4 receptors. SDF-1α stimulation caused localized accumulation of mitochondria with P2X4 receptors near the front of cells, resulting in a feed-forward signaling mechanism that promotes cellular Ca2+ influx and sustains mitochondrial ATP synthesis at levels needed for pseudopod protrusion, T cell polarization, and cell migration. Inhibition of P2X4 receptors blocked the activation and migration of T cells in vitro. In a mouse lung transplant model, P2X4 receptor antagonist treatment prevented the recruitment of T cells into allograft tissue and the rejection of lung transplants. Our findings suggest that P2X4 receptors are therapeutic targets for immunomodulation in transplantation and inflammatory diseases.
Fear and Loathing in California: Contextual Threat and Political Sophistication Among Latino Voters

Environments having candidates or policies deemed threatening to an individual or group have previously been found to trigger feelings of anxiety that in turn motivate people to closely monitor political affairs. Racially charged ballot propositions, and the strong feelings they evoked, made California in the mid-1990s just such an environment for Latino citizens—resulting, we believe, in higher levels of political information. Using the Tomas Rivera Policy Institute's 1997 postelection survey of Hispanic citizens, we compare levels of political knowledge between naturalized and native-born Latino citizens in California and similarly situated Latino citizens in Texas. We find that, as a result of these highly publicized and controversial initiatives, Latino immigrants in California (a) are more likely than native-born Latinos and Latinos outside California to perceive racial issues as most important, and (b) manifest higher levels of political information than their fellow native-born Latinos and Latino citizens outside of California, controlling for other well-recognized predictors of political information levels.