cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
InGaN MQW laser diode with integrated intracavity electroabsorption modulator

Summary form only given. We demonstrate a two-section InGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser diode comprised of an amplifier section and a monolithically integrated electroabsorption (EA) modulator. Modulator and gain sections are electrically separated by a narrow dry etched trench, but are optically coupled and share the same InGaN MQW active region. The basic concept of the device is to utilize the strong built-in piezoelectric fields in the InGaN MQW active region to achieve the necessary wavelength offset between the emission wavelength of the amplifier section and the absorption edge of the EA modulator.
Scurvy: a disease almost forgotten

Background Although much decreased in prevalence, scurvy still exists in industrialized societies. Few recent large studies have examined its pathogenesis, signs, and symptoms. Methods After we diagnosed scurvy in a 77-year-old female patient in 2003, we conducted a retrospective records review to identify patients with scurvy treated between 1976 and 2002 at Mayo Clinic (Scottsdale, Arizona; Rochester, Minnesota; or Jacksonville, Florida). We also searched the English-language medical literature for published reports on scurvy. Results In addition to our patient, seven of 11 patients whose records in the institutional database mentioned vitamin C deficiency were women. The age ranged from a neonate to 77 years (mean, 48 years). The most common associated causes were concomitant gastrointestinal disease, poor dentition, food faddism, and alcoholism. Vitamin or mineral deficiencies other than vitamin C deficiency were also found in our patients who had scurvy. The most common symptoms were bruising, arthralgias, or joint swelling. The most common signs were pedal edema, bruising, or mucosal changes. Four patients had vague symptoms of myalgias and fatigue without classic findings, and five had concomitant nutritional deficiencies. Follow-up available for six of 12 patients treated by vitamin C supplementation showed complete resolution of symptoms in five. Conclusions Patients with scurvy may present with classic symptoms and signs or with nonspecific clinical symptoms and an absence of diagnostically suggestive physical findings. Concomitant deficiency states occur not uncommonly. Taking a thorough dietary history and measuring serum ascorbic acid levels should be considered for patients with classic signs and symptoms, nonspecific musculoskeletal complaints, or other vitamin or mineral deficiencies.
Use of source degeneration for non-intrusive BIST of RF front-end circuits

This paper presents an on-chip BIST technique for a common class of RF communication circuits, which has no measurable impact on the performance of the circuit-under-test. The technique is extremely robust and does not require the use of any DSP cores or off-line processing. The resultant architecture has very low overheads (<4% area overhead), ultra fast test times (30 /spl mu/s) and can simply be "plugged" into the RF circuit without the need for any co-design. We present the methodology along with associated circuitry and demonstrate its utility in the self-test of a standard cascode LNA.
The Cray BlackWidow: a highly scalable vector multiprocessor

This paper describes the system architecture of the Cray BlackWidow scalable vector multiprocessor. The BlackWidow system is a distributed shared memory (DSM) architecture that is scalable to 32K processors, each with a 4-way dispatch scalar execution unit and an 8-pipe vector unit capable of 20.8 Gflops for 64-bit operations and 41.6 Gflops for 32-bit operations at the prototype operating frequency of 1.3 GHz. Global memory is directly accessible with processor loads and stores and is globally coherent. The system supports thousands of outstanding references to hide remote memory latencies, and provides a rich suite of built-in synchronization primitives. Each BlackWidow node is implemented as a 4-way SMP with up to 128 Gbytes of DDR2 main memory capacity. The system supports common programming models such as MPI and OpenMP, as well as global address space languages such as UPC and CAF. We describe the system architecture and microarchitecture of the processor, memory controller, and router chips. We give preliminary performance results and discuss design tradeoffs.
From Cholesterogenesis to Steroidogenesis: Role of Riboflavin and Flavoenzymes in the Biosynthesis of Vitamin D

Flavin-dependent monooxygenases and oxidoreductases are located at critical branch points in the biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol and vitamin D. These flavoproteins function as obligatory intermediates that accept 2 electrons from NAD(P)H with subsequent 1-electron transfers to a variety of cytochrome P450 (CYP) heme proteins within the mitochondria matrix (type I) and the (microsomal) endoplasmic reticulum (type II). The mode of electron transfer in these systems differs slightly in the number and form of the flavin prosthetic moiety. In the type I mitochondrial system, FAD-adrenodoxin reductase interfaces with adrenodoxin before electron transfer to CYP heme proteins. In the microsomal type II system, a diflavin (FAD/FMN)-dependent cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase [NAD(P)H-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR)] donates electrons to a multitude of heme oxygenases. Both flavoenzyme complexes exhibit a commonality of function with all CYP enzymes and are crucial for maintaining a balance of cholesterol and vitamin D metabolites. Deficits in riboflavin availability, imbalances in the intracellular ratio of FAD to FMN, and mutations that affect flavin binding domains and/or interactions with client proteins result in marked structural alterations within the skeletal and central nervous systems similar to those of disorders (inborn errors) in the biosynthetic pathways that lead to cholesterol, steroid hormones, and vitamin D and their metabolites. Studies of riboflavin deficiency during embryonic development demonstrate congenital malformations similar to those associated with genetic alterations of the flavoenzymes in these pathways. Overall, a deeper understanding of the role of riboflavin in these pathways may prove essential to targeted therapeutic designs aimed at cholesterol and vitamin D metabolism.
Experimental Investigation of Assumptions Used to Quantify Airflows through a Window under Cross Natural Ventilation

AbstractAs natural wind is continuously fluctuating in both speed and direction, quantifying instantaneous wind-driven natural ventilation rate can be difficult, and often an average effect is used to stabilize the fluctuations. This work performs an experimental investigation to assess the validity of assumptions often used in quantifying airflows through an opening under cross natural ventilation condition. In the experiment, the three velocity components are analyzed for flows approaching and through an open window exposed to natural wind. Detailed airflows are also examined across an open window to investigate velocity profiles at the opening. Finally, ventilation rates are calculated to assess the use of constant discharge coefficients for wind-driven natural ventilation, and show for the experimental conditions that the traditional orifice flow rate calculation using a constant discharge coefficient CD=0.65 results in an underestimate by 17% compared to a detailed calculation based on seven airspeed...
Plant Dependent Mutation Assays

Considering the involvement of chemical pesticides in modern agricultural practice, the determination of the compatibility of these agents with the environment and the public health is exceedingly important. During the last decade a new environmental hazard has been recognized. This hazard is that of environmental mutagens. These physical or chemical agents, that have the ability to alter the genetic material or the proper functioning of the genetic material, pose a serious long-term threat to man and other living organisms. A new branch of toxicology, genetic toxicology, has evolved to detect, investigate, manage, and define the risks due to human exposure to environmental mutagens. Depending upon the ontogenetic stage of an individual when exposed, an environmental mutagen can exert teratogenic effects, cause mutations involving germinal cells, Induce coronary artery disease, affect the aging process, or Induce mutations of somatic cells that may become neoplastic. As geneticists we are alarmed that there may be large amounts of agents released into our environment that can be deleterious not only to an individual but also to his progeny, generation upon generation. We anticipate that adverse genetic effects can be created in the human species by inadvertent exposure to mutagens. It is, therefore, obvious that the induction of genetic damage by the use of mutagens applied to the environment should be avoided.
Writing Latina/o Historical Narratives: Narratives at the Intersection of Critical Historical Inquiry and LatCrit.

This qualitative case study examines the experiences of Latina prospective teachers enrolled in a bilingual social studies methods course that focused attention upon critical historical inquiry. The students built historical narratives that deliberately addressed oft-ignored histories of Communities of Color. The analysis argues however that building counter narratives through traditional evidentiary trails ignores the fundamental experiences and epistemological frameworks of Latinas. Framing such pedagogies with LatCrit allows for those epistemologies that influence Latinas’ opposition to majoritarian tales and creation of counter stories.
EUReKA! A Conceptual Model of Emotion Understanding

The field of emotion understanding is replete with measures, yet lacks an integrated conceptual organizing structure. To identify and organize skills associated with the recognition and knowledge of emotions, and to highlight the focus of emotion understanding as localized in the self, in specific others, and in generalized others, we introduce the conceptual framework of Emotion Understanding in Recognition and Knowledge Abilities (EUReKA). We then categorize fifty-six existing methods of emotion understanding within this framework to highlight current gaps and future opportunities in assessing emotion understanding across the lifespan. We hope the EUReKA model provides a systematic and integrated framework for conceptualizing and measuring emotion understanding for future research.
An efficient ordered-alternative test for the randomized blocks design

A table of critical values is presented, a worked example given, and a computer program offered for an asymptotically distribution-free rank test that compares the null hypothesis of no difference in treatments with an alternative hypothesis based on an a priori ordering in treatment effects.
The Mountains Are Angry

Dropped by helicopter into remote, mountain villages of Nepal in mid-May, a medical disaster team worked to address public health problems, evacuate earthquake victims for orthopedic treatment, and comfort traumatized villagers.
A Woman With Painful Soft-Tissue Nodules of the Forehead

A woman in her 70s had a 2-week history of frontal headaches and forehead nodules (Figure, A) with no associated fevers, vision changes, or neurologic symptoms. Her medical history was significant for extensive craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (FD), breast adenocarcinoma, and stage IV clear cell renal cell carcinomawith metastasis to the ipsilateral adrenal gland treated with radical nephrectomy. Physical examination was remarkable for soft, tender nodules at the forehead and right orbit with right proptosis. Neurologic examination results were normal, except for hypesthesia in a V1 distribution. Sinus computed tomography showed a soft-tissue mass with involvement of multiple craniofacial bones with orbital, anterior, and posterior table defects. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast (Figure, B) showed interval growth at the frontal bones in the region of previously diagnosed FD. A fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy established the diagnosis. Romanowsky-stained direct smears (Figure, C) showed loose billowing clusters of epithelial cells involved by strands of magenta extracellular tissue (black arrowhead). Cytoplasm was abundant with coarse and fine textures. Nuclei were large and round, occasionally with conspicuous nucleoli (blue arrowheads). Hematoxylin-eosin staining (Figure, D) showed cells with abundant clear cytoplasm and nuclei with varying nucleolar prominence (blue arrowheads). Immunohistochemical stains were positive for pancytokeratin, vimentin, CD10 and PAX-8. A carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) stain was noncontributory. Patient photograph A
MORTALITY AMONG RUBBER WORKERS I. WHITE MALE UNION EMPLOYEES IN AKRON, OHIO

Mortality among a cohort of 13,571 white male rubber workers in Akron, Ohio is described. Mortality from all causes was 82% of that expected on the basis of death rates for US white males. Excess deaths from cancer (observed/expected numbers) in specific sites among workers in specific work areas include stomach:processing (18/9.9); large intestine: processing (14/10.5); lung: tire curing (20/12.4): bladder: all workers (48/39.5); brain: tire building (7/3.7): lymphatic: tire building (11/7.1): and leukemia: all workers (55/43.0). In general, excess cancer deaths occurred most often among men who started working between ages 35 and 44 and prior to 1935, who worked 25-34 years and were over age 74 at death, and who died after 1954.
Problems with Rule Descriptions of Language

A theory of language description must account for three types of language behavior: (1) categorical, (2) exceptional/regular, and (3) idiosyncratic. In this chapter we will first consider how a rule-based approach accounts for these three types of behavior. Then we will consider some of the empirical and conceptual problems with rule descriptions.
Abstract TMP23: Increased VEGFA-165a/VEGFA-165b Ratio in Patients With Moyamoya Compared to Intracranial Atherosclerosis (ICAS) and Controls

Introduction: Recent work in cancer biology has identified splice variants of human VEGF-A that inhibit angiogenesis. These isoforms arise from differential splicing of exon 8: a proangiogenic VEGF-A165a and the antiangiogenic VEGF-A165b. The purpose of this study was to compare circulating VEGF-A165a / VEGF-A165b ratios in patients with ICAS to those of patients with moyamoya and controls with no vascular or tumoral disease. Identifying a potential target to facilitate the generation of spontaneous collaterals could open novel treatment avenues for ICAS patients. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of circulating VEGF-A165a and VEGF-A165b. Serum samples were collected at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after enrollment. Levels of VEGFA-165a and VEGFA-165b were determined by a multiplex sandwich ELISA. All samples were run in duplicate with an acceptance threshold for intersample variability of less than 20%. A mixed model regression model was built to predict square root transformed VEGF-A165a / VEGF-A165b ratio using age and etiology as the predictor variables. A repeated autoregressive 1 structure was used to account for repeated measures and subject random effects were used to account for intersubject variability. Results: The study population consisted of 72 individuals with ICAS (age = 61.7±12.0), 8 with moyamoya (age = 42.7±12.6), and 7 controls (age = 44.3±13.9). A total of 230 samples were collected (ICAS: 188, moyamoya: 21, control: 21). One outlier was excluded due to an exorbitantly high VEGFA-165a concentration. VEGFA-165a/VEGFA-165b ratios were as follows for each etiology: ICAS (0.15±0.17), moyamoya (0.38±0.52), and control (0.10±0.12). Mixed model regression analysis found a significant independent positive association of moyamoya to elevated VEGF-A165a/ VEGF-A165b ratio (p=0.03). Conclusion: In this prospective analysis of VEGF-A165a/ VEGF-A165b ratio, moyamoya patients had elevated ratios compared to ICAS and controls. This finding supports the concept that VEGF-A165b could serve as a new pharmacological target to treat cerebral ischemia in patients with ICAS as its neutralization may augment the activities of proangiogenic growth factors in developing collaterals.
Organizational Culture and Sales Management

Building and maintaining a success-oriented sales culture may be an important goal of sales managers, and research in this direction appears to be promising. This article discusses on the literature of organizational culture and presents a conceptual framework for further research.Specifically, this article examines the impact of organizational culture (clan vs. market) on salesperson job behavior (motivation, commitment, turnover, and adaptive selling). Research propositions are generated based on the literarture review.Future research directions and implications are also addressed.
Half Empty Versus Half Full: Linguistic Effects on Numerical Perceptions

Marketing is about more than just a number. From a long road trip to a half empty arena, adjectives carry numerical associations. The research within this paper builds on that idea while focusing on markedness, a linguistics theory, which has been called the evaluative superstructure of language. Asking “How tall is the person?” is not an indication that the person is tall but merely a neutral way to ask about a person’s height. Asking “How short is the person?” however implies the person is actually short in addition to asking for their height. This paper shows how a marked term, such as half empty, results in significantly different, and lower, estimates of attendance than an unmarked term, such as half full, in addition to influencing other aspects of the consumer judgment scenario. The research contributes to theories on linguistics and consumer judgment by showing how mathematically equivalent frames result in different numerical perceptions.
Immunohistology and Molecular Studies of Smooth Muscle and Neural Cutaneous Tumors

The characteristic blunt-ended nucleus of smooth muscle cells can be distinguished from the tapered nucleus of neural tumors on Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections but distinction is not always straightforward and more specific characterization can be difficult. Immunohistochemistry and molecular studies are increasingly valuable not only in diagnosis but also in prognosis when the user has knowledge of the potential pitfalls. This chapter provides guidance based on the most recent literature in smooth muscle and neural tumors of the skin.
Grand Challenges and Inductive Methods: Rigor without Rigor Mortis

An introduction is presented that discusses topics such as the use of inductive methods, novel ideas, and effective processes relates to rigorous research in management scholarship.
Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia and Epilepsy

The clinical, MRI, and EEG findings in 54 patients (35 female, 19 male; aged 1 to 64 years) with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) were analyzed in relation to epileptic outcome and genesis of epileptic discharges, in a study at the Neurological Institute and Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda General Hospital, Milan, Italy.
Genetics of growth hormone and its disorders.

Human growth hormone (hGH), or somatotropin, is synthesized by the somatotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. It is the most abundant hormone in the anterior pituitary and represents approximately 1–3% (5–15 mg) of the total weight of the gland (Wilhelmi,, 1961), hGH is a globular protein with a molecular weight of 22,000 daltons (22 kDa). It consists of a single polypeptide chain with 191 amino acid residues (Fig. 1). hGH has two disulfide bridges, no carbohydrate moieties, and a secondary structure that is predominantly α-helical (Li and Dixon, 1971; Niall, 1971; Li, 1982). Similarly, growth hormone (GH) purified from the pituitary glands of cattle, sheep, and pigs are also simple globular proteins (Wilhelmi, 1975). While approximately 90% of the hGH contained in the pituitary has a molecular weight of 22 kDa, six other variants have been identified (Fig. 2) (Chawla et al.,1983; Lecomte et al., 1987). These variant GH peptides have been isolated from either plasma, pituitary tissue, or pituitary complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries, and they differ from the 22-kDa form in molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, or biological activity. The 45-kDa variant is an aggregate of the 22-kDa form and comprises about 1% of the GH immunoreactivity in the gland (Frohman et al.,1972). Since hGH has a tendency to form aggregates, it is possible that this dimer is formed during storage in the pituitary gland (Gorden et al., 1973).
Approaching the size limit of organometallic layers: synthesis and characterization of highly ordered silver-thiolate lamellae with ultra-short chain lengths.

Approaching the ultimate limits of material sizes provides a route for designing new functional materials with extraordinary properties. We report the first systematic synthesis and characterization study of a wide range of highly ordered silver alkanethiolate (AgSCnH2n+1 or AgSCn, n = 1–16) aliphatic lamellae. Single crystalline multilayer AgSCn are synthesized by a modified solution reaction method. Hot toluene recrystallization or Ostwald ripening enhances the structural ordering of the lamellar crystals. This work approaches the chain length limit of aliphatic lamellae by synthesizing highly ordered AgSCn (n = 1–3) with extremely short chains. All lamellae form single crystals with well-registered interlayer interfaces, similar to other alkyl-based lamellae but different from polyethylene lamellae. AgSC2 with a layer thickness of 1.08 nm is the thinnest organometallic layer ever reported. The composition, morphology, decomposition and structure of the lamellae are comprehensively studied. A new method quantifies the composition of the residual Ag and Ag2S contents after the decomposition of the AgSCn: all of the Ag, none of the C and a fraction of the S remain in the residue. The structural orderings of the AgSCn crystals, which are probed by electron diffraction for the first time, are characterized in terms of chain conformation, interlayer lamellar ordering and intralayer lattice ordering. All AgSCn (n = 2–16) layers, except AgSC1, possess a common lattice packing and the same inorganic network structure.
Designing and Evaluating an Interprofessional Practice Experience Involving Dental and Pharmacy Students.

Objective. To prepare pharmacy and dental students to collaborate as members of an interprofessional team by participating in an interprofessional practice experience.Methods. An interprofessional practice experience was implemented within a dental admissions clinic. Pharmacy and dental students collaboratively conducted medical histories and provided tobacco cessation education. Pharmacy student performance was measured using a standardized assessment rubric; pharmacy and dental student perceptions were measured using the SPICE-R tool; and faculty feedback was captured for evaluation purposes.Results. Pharmacy students achieved performance expectations upon completion. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean scores for a majority of the SPICE-R factors for pharmacy and dental students. Overall, faculty perceptions of the practice experience were positive.Conclusion. A collaboration between pharmacy and dental schools is a novel approach to meeting interprofessional and experiential cur...
Triangulating Rome: Du Bellay, Spenser, and the Fantasy of Perspective

Rebecca Zorach in her recent book The Passionate Triangle has argued for the philosophical and artistic centrality of the triangle in Renaissance thought and praxis. Building on Zorach’s intervention to offer a Renaissance literary theory of the triangle, this essay offers a reading of European Petrarchism that is centered around the linked and mutually informing phenomena of Roman speculative engagement and triangulation. Triangulation, usually though of as primarily involved in artistic representation, navigation, Platonic philosophy, and geometric thought, became, in the Renaissance, a tool to explore the theological and historical questions of both Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation. It became a method by which Renaissance thinkers and poets, Protestant and Catholic, could envision and represent the Roman past and related issues of time, space, and eternity. This essay argues that Du Bellay and Spenser, working across religious, linguistic, and national boundaries, create virtual lyric spaces in their poems, that, like the virtual spaces of two dimensional Renaissance art, create spiritual and spatial depth through a triangulated compositional practice.
Photocrosslinked tyramine-substituted hyaluronate hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties improve immediate tissue-hydrogel interfacial strength in articular cartilage

AbstractArticular cartilage lacks the ability to self-repair and a permanent solution for cartilage repair remains elusive. Hydrogel implantation is a promising technique for cartilage repair; however for the technique to be successful hydrogels must interface with the surrounding tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate the tunability of mechanical properties in a hydrogel system using a phenol-substituted polymer, tyramine-substituted hyaluronate (TA-HA), and to determine if the hydrogels could form an interface with cartilage. We hypothesized that tyramine moieties on hyaluronate could crosslink to aromatic amino acids in the cartilage extracellular matrix. Ultraviolet (UV) light and a riboflavin photosensitizer were used to create a hydrogel by tyramine self-crosslinking. The gel mechanical properties were tuned by varying riboflavin concentration, TA-HA concentration, and UV exposure time. Hydrogels formed with a minimum of 2.5 min of UV exposure. The compressive modulus varied from 5 t...
Impact of hormonal contraception and weight loss on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux and lipoprotein particles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

SummaryObjective To study the effects of oral contraceptive pills (OCP), the first-line treatment for PCOS, on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) function (reverse cholesterol efflux capacity) and lipoprotein particles measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in obese women. Design Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (OWL-PCOS) of OCP or Lifestyle (intensive Lifestyle modification) or Combined (OCP + Lifestyle) treatment groups for 16 weeks. Patients Eighty-seven overweight/obese women with PCOS at two academic centres. Measurements Change in HDL-C efflux capacity and lipoprotein particles. Results High-density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity increased significantly at 16 weeks in the OCP group [0·11; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·03, 0·18, P = 0·008] but not in the Lifestyle (P = 0·39) or Combined group (P = 0·18). After adjusting for HDL-C and TG levels, there was significant mean change in efflux in the Combined group (0·09; 95% CI 0·01, 0·15; P = 0·01). Change in HDL-C efflux correlated inversely with change in serum testosterone (rs = −0·21; P = 0·05). In contrast, OCP use induced an atherogenic low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) profile with increase in small (P = 0·006) and large LDL-particles (P = 0·002). Change in small LDL-particles correlated with change in serum testosterone (rs = −0·31, P = 0·009) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI; rs = −0·31, P = 0·02). Both Lifestyle and Combined groups did not show significant changes in the atherogenic LDL particles. Conclusions Oral contraceptive pills use is associated with improved HDL-C function and a concomitant atherogenic LDL-C profile. Combination of a Lifestyle program with OCP use improved HDL-C function and mitigated adverse effects of OCP on lipoproteins. Our study provides evidence for use of OCP in overweight/obese women with PCOS when combined with Lifestyle changes.
Intermittent explosive disorder and eating disorders: Analysis of national comorbidity and research samples.

Objective Clinical studies suggest comorbidity between eating disorders and aggressive behaviors. This study examined the pattern of comorbidity between intermittent explosive disorder (IED) and eating disorders (ED). Methods Data were analyzed from both the adult and adolescent samples of the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication (n = 19,430) and a clinical research sample (n = 1,642). Results Lifetime prevalence of Any ED was elevated in IED vs. non-IED for both the community and clinical research samples. Though anorexia nervosa displayed no relationship with IED in either sample, bulimia nervosa was associated with IED in the community sample and binge eating disorder was associated with IED in both the community and clinical research samples. Onset of IED preceded onset of Any ED in at least 70% of comorbid IED/ED cases in both community and clinical research samples. Associations of IED with Any ED and bulimia nervosa in the community sample, and associations of IED with binge eating disorder in the clinical research sample, remained significant after controlling for other psychiatric disorders. Conclusions Individuals with IED are more likely to report lifetime prevalence of ED, particularly bulimic spectrum disorders. This finding, and the observation that the onset of IED occurs prior to the onset of ED in the majority of individuals, suggests that longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this relationship and determine whether IED is a risk factor for the development of ED. Early identification of individuals with IED or impulsive aggression may provide clinically useful information to determine most effective treatment interventions.
Facial emotion identification and sexual assault risk detection among college student sexual assault victims and nonvictims.

Objective: High rates of sexual victimization among college students necessitate further study of factors associated with sexual assault risk detection. The present study examined how social inform...
Relationship of lymphocyte and eosinophil counts and immune-related adverse events in recipients of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor therapy: A single-center retrospective analysis.

e14586Background: Inhibition of the PD-1 checkpoint can cause immune activation in non-target tissues, resulting in immune-related adverse events (irAE) in up to 50% of patients. Biomarkers that ar...
Chapter 12 – Estimating Extinction Risk from Climate Change

How many species face extinction due to climate change? This is one of the most pressing questions of climate change biology. It is featured in front-page stories and on the evening news. “More than a million species wiped out by climate change” and “One third of all of the world's plants and animals gone due to climate change” are examples of some of the headlines. What is the science behind these sensational claims, and how do we know whether climate change poses a major extinction risk? This chapter provides answers to these questions.
Validity of the department of defense standard inpatient data record for quality management and health services research

OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of the Department of Defense's Standard Inpatient Data Record (SIDR) for health services research and quality measurement. SUBJECTS Patients whose inpatient charts were abstracted through the Civilian External Peer Review Program's studies of acute myocardial infarction (N = 1,432) and 1993 review of the birth product line (N = 9,705). METHODS Separate databases of professionally abstracted (the clinical data set) and hospital-reported (the administrative SIDR data set) diagnoses and procedures were compared for each patient, and the sensitivity and specificity of the SIDR for elements in the Civilian External Peer Review Program's clinical "gold standard" data set were calculated. Agreement beyond chance was examined with kappa statistics. RESULTS The clinical data set's principal procedure was found as a SIDR principal or secondary procedure in 92.5% of cases. Sensitivities of the SIDR data for common diagnoses in the clinical data ranged from 64% (viral infection) to 97% (diabetes), with kappa statistics ranging from 0.55 to 0.96. Procedural sensitivities ranged from 77% (echocardiography) to 99% (cesarean section), with kappa statistics ranging from 0.7 to 1.0. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses indicate that the Department of Defense's SIDR is a reliable source of administrative data that compares favorably with traditional civilian quality management and health services research data sources, such as those from the Health Care Financing Administration and large insurers.
Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutics for Brain Injury.

Brain injuries affect a large patient population with major physical and emotional suffering for patients and their relatives; at a significant cost to the society. Effective diagnostic and therapeutic options available for brain injuries are limited by the complex brain injury pathology involving blood–brain barrier (BBB). Brain injuries, including ischemic stroke and brain trauma, initiate BBB opening for a short period of time, which is followed by a second reopening for an extended time. The leaky BBB and/or the alterations in the receptor expression on BBB may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NPs). The approaches for therapeutic interventions via NP delivery are aimed at salvaging the pericontusional/penumbra area for possible neuroprotection and neurovascular unit preservation. The focus of this progress report is to provide a survey of NP strategies employed in cerebral ischemia and brain trauma and finally provide insights for improved NP-based diagnostic/treatment approaches.
Use of an Education Specialist Team that Collaborates with Faculty Members to Efficiently and Continuously Develop an Innovative Pharmacy Curriculum Across Multiple Campuses

This paper describes a unique organizational approach involving education specialists and faculty members in the continuous development of a Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum. The described curriculum includes extensive use of technology with blended learning and use of interactive videoconferencing to three campuses. This curriculum is competency-based, integrated with teaching by faculty members from multiple disciplines and includes spiraling to promote deep learning. Student-centered personal and professional development facilitates achievement of soft-skills. The education specialists involved in curriculum development include instructional designers, experienced educators who provide daily course management and assist in the classroom, and an assessment specialist. The premise of this model is that the education specialist team provides expertise that will promote curricular efficacy and excellence, and by assuming instructional tasks that do not require content expertise they allow faculty members to more efficiently accomplish teaching responsibilities.
Ty3, a Position-Specific, Gypsy-Like Element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Ty3 is one of five types of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons (Ty1 to Ty5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These elements are classified in the family Pseudoviridae. The Ty elements of yeast provide useful model systems for understanding the retrovirus life cycle and the diversities of retroelement functions. The other LTR elements in S. cerevisiae are copialike elements in the genus Pseudovirus. The similarity of Ty3 reverse transcriptase (RT) to retroviral RT, the nature of the minus- and plus-strand primer features, and the existence of minus- and plus-strand reverse transcription intermediates all argue that Ty3 replication is similar to that of retroviruses. In cells activated for Ty1 transposition, Ty3 insertions are readily detectable. These results argue that Ty3 insertion is highly specific for pol III-transcribed genes. One of the objectives of studying yeast retrotransposons is the identification of host factors that are involved in the life cycles of retroelements including retroviruses. Ty1 and Ty3 both rely on frameshifting for protein expression, but use distinct mechanisms. Development of varied and quantitative assays for transposition is facilitating use of the genomic resources in a high-throughput format. The combined use of these resources will make this an exciting time to realize the potential of the yeast elements as model systems for understanding the complex interactions between retroelements and their hosts.
Tea times with Gelfond

I must thank Marcello Balduccini and Tran Cao Son for giving me this opportunity to revisit and recount my education with Prof. Michael Gelfond. Not everyone is fortunate to have a dedicated teacher at any phase of life. In this regard, I consider myself to be among the luckiest few to have learned from someone who cares so much about imparting knowledge as part of their students’ education. It has been a couple of years since I have left the Knowledge Representation lab of Texas Tech, and yet it seems not too long ago that I was learning about Prof. Gelfond. It certainly was well before I started learning from him. The ten best years of my life were spent immersed in learning from THE TEACHER among teachers, Prof. Michael Gelfond. Writing in celebration of his 65th birthday is an honor and a fitting tribute to the times well spent.
Vibrationally Excited H2O in Orion A

Various models of water maser emission in star forming regions, based both on collisional and 6.3 gm radiative pumping mechanisms, require appreciable rates of excitation of water into its first vibrationally excited bending mode. We report the detection in Orion, using the 12-meter NRAO radiotelescope at Kitt Peak, of a line coincident in frequency with the 414 →321 rotational transition of the ν2 vibrational manifold of ortho-H2O at vLSR ~18 km s-1. If the detected line is indeed due to this water transition, a beam-averaged column density of ~1013 cm-2 in the vibrationally excited upper level is implied.
Music, Time, and Its Other: Aesthetic Reflections on Finitude, Temporality, and Alterity

Music, Time, and Its Other explores the relation between the enigmatic character of our temporal experiences and music’s affective power. By taking account of competing concepts of time, Savage explains how music refigures dimensions of our experiences through staking out the borderlines between time and eternity. He examines a range of musical expressions that reply to the deficiency born from the difference between time and an order that exceeds or surpasses it and reveals how affective tonalities of works by Bach, Carolan, Debussy, Schoenberg, Messiaen, and Glass augment our understanding of our temporal condition. Reflections on the moods and feelings to which music gives voice counterpoint philosophical investigations into the relation between music’s power to affect us and the force that the present has with respect to the initiatives we take. Music, Time, and Its Other thus sets out a new approach to music, aesthetics, politics, and the critical roles of judgment and imagination.
Challenges and Solutions for Precision Solar Pointing on the ISS for the TSIS Instrument

The International Space Station offers an attractive platform for external payloads in many regards, but its large, complex structure is challenging for payloads that require precise, unobstructed pointing. As an instrument that measures solar irradiance on a continual basis, the TSIS payload was designed to robustly account for these ISS challenges and is now performing its mission on the ISS with great success. This paper first describes how TSIS was able to measure the ISS background jitter using High-rate Fine Sun Sensor data that was taken during passive solar transits through its field of view. The measurements showed that ISS jitter at the TSIS location on ELC-3 Site 5 is relatively benign with less than 4 arcseconds 1σ at frequencies less than 0.5 Hz. This value is lower than previous estimates but agrees well with recent measurements from other external payloads, including OPALS and SAGE III. Because TSIS was designed to be robust to base motion jitter, it has achieved less than 4 arcseconds 1σ of pointing error, which provides an extremely precise pointing platform for the solar irradiance measurements. The other challenging ISS characteristic is its large, complex structure that obscures solar viewing at sunrise and sunset from the zenith-facing location of TSIS. Although TSIS was able to predict solar viewing durations during the design phase with relatively high accuracy, the exact timing and causes of obscuration were difficult to predict and understand after TSIS began operating on the ISS. To aid in the understanding of blockage by ISS structure, detailed obscuration maps were created using HFSS measurements that clearly show the exact gimbal angles where blockage occurs and the specific structural features of the ISS that cause the blockage. These maps have helped TSIS to maximize its solar tracking durations each orbit, which has supported the mission in meeting its science objectives.
Long-term visual acuity outcomes after radiation therapy for sporadic optic pathway glioma.

Children with sporadic optic pathway glioma (OPG) commonly experience a decline in visual acuity (VA). This study aimed to quantify long-term VA outcomes after definitive radiation therapy (RT). From 1997 to 2017, 41 patients underwent RT for OPG and had baseline VA testing. All patients underwent serial VA testing every 3–6 months during the first 5 years and annually thereafter. The cumulative incidence of VA decline or improvement (per eye) was estimated using death as a competing risk. Mean follow-up was 5 years. Most tumors (93%) involved the postchiasmatic optic tracts and/or hypothalamus. Of the tumors tested for BRAF alterations (n = 15), 67% had a BRAF fusion. Median time to VA decline was 20 months in the eye with worse vision and 22 months in the better eye. For the worse eye, the 5-year cumulative incidences of VA decline and improvement were 17.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7–32.8%] and 13.5% (95% CI 4.7–26.7%), respectively. For the better eye, the 5-year cumulative incidences of VA decline and improvement were 11.5% (95% CI 3.5–30.7%) and 10.6% (95% CI 2.6–25.2%), respectively. Visual outcomes did not correlate with radiographic evidence of tumor progression. The 5-year cumulative incidence of VA decline was low. VA decline is most likely to occur within the first 2 years after RT and is not associated with radiographic progression of disease, highlighting the need for frequent ophthalmologic exams during this period.
Parameter Co-optimization for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Powertrain System Leveraging V2V/V2I Information

A parameter tuning based co-optimization scheme for the hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) powertrain system is designed to maximize the fuel efficiency. The optimization controlled input parameters are chosen based on sensitivity study of powertrain control parameters. The vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure information is another optimization input, to have the driving conditions taking in to considerations for maximizing fuel efficiency. The catalyst temperature is considered as an additional constraint as the speed to reach light-off temperature should not decrease during optimized operation. Neural network is used to develop a simplified yet equivalent model for the optimization problem model. We have achieved an average of 9.22% fuel savings for a random driving cycle on a Toyota Prius test model.
Risk factors associated with early adverse outcomes following craniotomy for malignant glioma in older adults.

Abstract Introduction Craniotomy for tumor resection improves survival in adults aged ≥65 years with malignant glioma. However, the decision to attempt resection must be weighed against the near-term risks of surgery. This study examined risk factors associated with unfavorable 30-day outcomes following craniotomy for malignant glioma resection in older adult patients. Materials and Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2012 to 2016 was queried for patients aged 65–89 years undergoing craniotomy for primary, supratentorial, malignant, intra-axial tumor resection. 30-day outcomes included mortality, life-threatening complication, unplanned readmission, reoperation, and change in living disposition. Independent risk factors were identified through multiple logistic regression. Results In total, 1016 cases met eligibility criteria. Death occurred in 35 cases (3.4%). 58 patients (5.7%) suffered at least one life-threatening complication. Risk factors for morbidity and mortality included frontal lobe tumor, corticosteroid use, dependent functional status, and underweight body mass index (BMI). Among 816 patients admitted from home, 33.9% experienced a change in living disposition, which was associated with advanced age, female sex, frontal lobe tumor, underweight BMI, and diabetes mellitus (among others). Readmission (11.8%) was most frequently attributed to altered mental status, seizure, or venous thromboembolism. Reoperation was rare (4.5%). Discussion Death and life-threatening morbidity were rare early outcomes for older adult patients undergoing malignant glioma resection. However, one in three patients admitted from home experienced a change in living disposition. Factors related to baseline state of health, tumor location, and corticosteroid regimen should be considered when anticipating the immediate postoperative course.
Assessment of Intra-Hepatocellular Lipid Content using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Excessive accumulation of intra-hepatocellular lipid (IHCL) can lead to one of the most common forms of chronic liver diseases in adults, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that comprises of a range of liver disorders including hepatic steatosis, an advanced stage of which can result in liver cirrhosis. Many diseases are known to be associated with the retention of IHCL including, but not limited to, obesity and type II diabetes. It is, thus, essential to quantify IHCL for early diagnosis and monitoring for an effective treatment. This study presents a non-invasive, robust and reproducible approach to quantify IHCL content using the single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla (3T). For validation, peanut oil phantoms of known fat fractions (8%, 14%, 18%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 45%, 55%) were constructed and tested. For in vivo scans, the study included fifteen obese volunteers. Spectroscopy was performed at three different voxel locations and fat fractions were evaluated after T2 correction was done using five echo times (24, 30, 35, 40, 50 milliseconds). The results with the peanut oil phantoms were in close agreement with the known fat fraction values (<10% error on the fat fraction value). The in-vivo study used T2 correction for accuracy and provided valuable insight on nonuniformity in IHCL content in liver right lobe by taking three voxel locations into account. Altogether, the study demonstrated a reliable and accurate way to quantify liver fat content through spectroscopy at 3T.
One step forward, two steps back: Tensions between malaria elimination and improved malaria surveillance in the Solomon Islands

The Solomon Islands experienced, between 2010, an apparent meteoric fall in the level of malaria incidence and prevalence [1]. Thanks ostensibly to the efforts of bilateral and multilateral partners and donors, annual parasite incidence (API) fell from 70 to 40 per 1,000 population. With such dramatic progress, international efforts were hailed as dramatic successes and showcased as progress towards malaria elimination and eradication, Yet, paradoxically, the true caseload of malaria in the Solomon Islands has revealed a situation that calls for more, rather than less, support.