cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Achieving the sustainable use of species and ecosystems

Abstract Sustainable use of species and ecosystems has been achieved in the past by tribal cultures in which people have become intimately familiar with the natural environments that they occupy. Sustainable use is still achieved most readily by local people who have time and opportunity to develop a detailed knowledge of the land that they occupy. The ecodevelopment model; originally advanced by UNEP, aims toward an ecologically sustainable form of development through which self-reliant local communities meet their basic needs. Today, however, most rural inhabitants rarely have the culturally transmitted knowledge needed for them to achieve an economy which both satisfies their basic needs and enables them to perpetuate biotic diversity and achieve sustainability. New advances in computer and communication technology now open the possibility for local communities to combine familiarity with their local environments and a global awareness of ecological reality.
Behavior Modeling During Software Design

A modeling scheme is presented which provides a medium for the rigorous, formal, and abstract specification of large-scale software system components. The scheme allows the description of component behavior without revealing or requiring the description of a component's internal operation. Both collections of sequential processes and the data objects which they share may be described. The scheme is of particular value during the early stages of software system design, when the system's modules are being delineated and their interactions designed, and when rigorous, well-defined specification of undesigned components allows formal and informal arguments concerning the design's correctness to be formulated.
Hierarchical system for automated path planning and scheduling

This paper describes a hierarchical system for dynamic path planning and scheduling among a field of moving obstacles. The solution is directly applicable to many autonomous navigation scenarios, such as movement on a manufacturing floor, navigation of surface / subsurface ships or coordination of air traffic. The overall system is discussed in terms of global / local perception and generative planning / reactive control. The development and implementation of the generative planner portion of the existing system are described in detail. In terms of real-time system performance, the multi-dimensional search problem is made tractable by applying two dependent 2-D techniques in series. First, the shortest distance, obstacle-avoiding path to the goal is calculated, then for that path, the time to the goal is optimized. In this space-time representation of the domain, time requirements can be imposed upon the goal(s) and therefore scheduling can also be accomplished.
Hyperfine interaction of 151Eu in Eu2TiO4

Abstract The hyperfine interaction of 151 Eu in Eu 2 TiO 4 has been measured using the Mossbauer Effect. Using the four-fold symmetry of the Eu 2+ site, it has been found that the nuclear quadrupole moment ratio of the first-excited to the ground states of 151 Eu is R = 1.34 ±0.03, and the quadrupole interaction energy is ρ 2 qQ o = -(190 ± 7) MHZ. Below T c = 7.8 K , the magnetic hyperfine field H hf points close to the direction of the four-fold axis. The zero-degree value of H hf is estimated to be (305 ± 3) kOe.
Teaching an Undergraduate Course on Ethnic Diversity

In this article, we describe a course, the Psychology of Ethnic Groups in the United States, to illustrate possible issues to address within an ethnic diversity psychology course. The purpose of this course is to educate, sensitize, and stimulate critical thinking about the role of culture and ethnicity in human social behavior with an emphasis on 4 major ethnic groups in the United States: African Americans, American Indians, Asian Americans, and Hispanics-Latinos. Basic concepts in ethnic psychology examined include the significance of race and ethnicity, racism and stereotyping, ethnic stratification, ethnic identity, acculturation, and biculturalism as well as a variety of psychosocial conditions (e.g., risk behaviors, adaptive health behaviors). Included are descriptions of in-class exercises, readings, and strategies that are helpful in teaching this type of course.
IGODS: An important new tool for managing and visualizing spatial data

The Interactive Graphical Ocean Database System (IGODS) is a complete software solution to support studies of ocean, coastal, and inland waters using profiling instrumentation such as a conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) instrument. If you routinely conduct surveys where you are profiling at a set of geographic locations, collecting CTD profiles, and perhaps also collecting water samples for additional analyses, then the IGODS program is an ideal way for you to manage your datasets. IGODS is an easy to use tool that includes functions to optimize the import of data, including both electronically recorded CTD data and discrete sampling results. Final IGODS data files integrate all data for a survey into a single file, for easy archiving. The program provides a wide variety of data analysis and reporting tools. Numerous entities conduct surveys of water bodies as a requirement in a permit for discharge, to monitor for impacts as well as to characterize background conditions. Coastal discharges of sewage effluent, surface effluent discharges, associated with pulp mills or mining operations, river outflows, enclosed bays, estuaries, harbors, and reservoirs, all can have programs either requiring monitoring, or may have environmental issues that require studies and data gathering to support management efforts.
Prospective assessment of out-of-pocket patient-related cost for ERCP at an urban tertiary care medical center.

When calculating differences between interventions, direct cost comparisons are typically based on Medicare reimbursement rates. The additional out-of-pocket costs of the patient have been little studied in endoscopy. To determine out-of-pocket costs for patients undergoing ERCP. Between June and August 2009, all outpatients referred to our tertiary care university hospital for elective ERCP were prospectively interviewed regarding out-of-pocket costs for procedures. Patients were asked regarding any costs to undergo the procedure including co-pay, driving, parking, meals, child care or equivalent, and any additional expenses related to subsequent procedures or admissions related to the ERCP. Over the study period, 94 outpatients (mean age 57 ± 16 years, 48% male) underwent ERCP. Mean/median out-of-pocket costs for the procedure were $177.97/72.54 and ranged from $0 to $2,033.54. The largest single expense for the procedure was related to copayment (median $75). Eleven patients required hospitalization for post-procedural complications resulting in additional median out-of-pocket costs of $25. Median hotel, food, and travel expenses were $171.00, $20.00, and $23.54, respectively. Out-of-pocket ERCP costs are not insignificant from the patient’s perspective and should be added to the direct costs to calculate true procedure costs.
Mood Adjustment via Mass Communication

The author has proposed and experimentally tested the mood adjustment approach, complementing mood management theory. Participants were placed in an initial mood and led to anticipate different activities after the waiting period. The upcoming activities were either dynamic or lengthy (arousal) and associated with either pleasure or performance (valence), resulting in a 2 × 2 design. During an ostensible waiting period, participants listened to choices of popular music at their will in a computer-aided procedure. This music taken from the Top 30 charts had been evaluated in a pretest for energy and joyfulness as musical qualities in order to create sets of musical selections that were either low or high in these qualities. In the experiment proper, selective exposure to energetic-joyful music as dependent measure was unobtrusively recorded via software. Results regarding self-exposure across time show that patterns of music listening differ with initial mood and anticipation, lending support to mood adjustment hypotheses. Mood management processes occurred in the beginning of the waiting period, whereas mood adjustment purposes set in toward the anticipated activity.
Adjunct p16(INK4a) immunohistochemistry aids the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions in endocervical curettage specimens.

Objectives We questioned whether the use of p16(INK4a) immunohistochemistry in endocervical curettage (ECC) specimens would improve the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in a high-risk patient population. Methods Papanicolaou test results were retrieved in 58 consecutive ECC specimens that were previously diagnosed as no histopathologic abnormality in patients with antecedent HSIL or atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude HSIL. An H&E recut and immunohistochemistry for p16(INK4a) were performed on all cases. Results HSIL were found in 18 (31%) ECC specimens originally interpreted as negative. Of these 18 cases, three had moderate-sized fragments of ectocervical epithelium with HSIL seen on the recut H&E with concurrent positivity for p16(INK4a). Fourteen cases had rare to occasional clusters of atypical cells with strong immunoreactivity for p16(INK4a). A single case showed a medium-sized fragment of HSIL on the p16(INK4a)-stained section. Conclusions The use of recuts and adjunct p16(INK4a) should be considered when evaluating ECC specimens in high-risk patient populations.
Waves in an active medium guided by a reactive surface with reactance of gain modulation

The characteristics of surface waves (i) in a passive medium supported by a passive surface with reactance modulation and an active surface with the modulation of either the reactance or the negative resistance, and (ii) in an active medium supported by a passive surface with a reactance modulation are investigated with emphasis on the band regions. The periodic variation is sinusoidal and is in the propagation direction. For a passive medium terminated by a passive surface with a reactance modulation, there are stop bands in frequency for the surface waves and the structure of the first two stop bands is analyzed. For a passive medium terminated by an active surface and for an active medium terminated by a reactance-modulated passive surface, the characteristics of the absolute instabilities occurring in the first-order band are examined. The nature of the convective instability taking place in the second-order band for an active medium terminated by a reactance-modulated surface is discussed. Analytical expressions for the frequency shift of the second-order band are deduced. The Floquet theory is used to obtain the exact dispersion relation in the form of a continued fraction which is analyzed by singular expansions.
Note on the Fried-Yennie gauge

Abstract It is pointed out that the renormalization constants and the finite parts of the self energy and the vertex corrections in the infrared-free Fried-Yennie gauge are different, by finite amounts, from those which are computed as the limit of the general covariant gauge. This discrepancy occurs because of the appearance of an infrared divergence in the onmass-shell renormalization. This note provides an example where extra caution is needed in handling the limiting procedure, where an infrared divergence is involved.
Use Condition Characterization of Package Components

Discrete components, such as capacitors and inductors, play an important role in the analysis and design of electronic packages and printed circuit boards. Although the electrical parameters of discrete components are described by manufacturers, the component performance at product operating conditions can vary drastically from the manufacturer’s specification. Accurate characterization of discrete package components at operating conditions is essential to understand product operation. This paper will introduce a method to characterize discrete capacitors and inductors while applying multiple operating conditions simultaneously. Several inductor options will be evaluated, including a newly introduced metal composite component.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Soliton self-frequency shift from 1.03 μm to 1.55 μm

Soliton self-frequency shift over 520 nm from 1.03 μm to 1.55 pm is demonstrated. Potential applications such as seeding of parametric amplifiers and optical frequency metrology are discussed.
Restricted activity days among older adults.

OBJECTIVES. The number of restricted activity days experienced by an individual in the course of a year is an important measure of functional well-being, particularly for older adults. We sought to determine multivariate associations between restricted activity days and various health conditions. METHODS. We used data from the 1984 Supplement on Aging of the National Health Interview Survey to estimate the relationship between restricted activity days and age, gender, and the presence or absence of selected chronic conditions and falls for all noninstitutionalized people aged 65 years and over. Chronic conditions and falls accounted for most of the variance in the model. RESULTS. Of an annual average of 31 restricted activity days, 6 days were associated with falls; 4 days with heart disease; 4 days with arthritis and rheumatism; 2 days each with high blood pressure, cerebrovascular disease, and visual impairment; and 1 day each with atherosclerosis, diabetes, major malignancies, and osteoporosis. CONCLUS...
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Concurrent Lymphoid Malignancy

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can be curative for both myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and lymphoid malignancies. Little is known about the efficacy of allogeneic HCT in patients in whom both myeloid and lymphoid disorders are present at the time of HCT. We analyzed the outcomes in 21 patients with MDS and concurrent lymphoid malignancy when undergoing allogeneic HCT. A total of 17 patients had previously received extensive cytotoxic chemotherapy, including autologous HCT in 7, for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL, n=7), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, n=2), CLL (n=5), NHL plus HL (n=1), multiple myeloma (n=1) or T-cell ALL (n=1), and had presumably developed MDS as a consequence of therapy. Four previously untreated patients had CLL. A total of 19 patients were conditioned with high-dose (n=14) or reduced-intensity regimens (n=5), and were transplanted from HLA-matched or one Ag/allele mismatched related (n=10) or unrelated (n=9) donors; two patients received HLA-haploidentical related transplants, following a modified conditioning regimen. Currently, 2 of 4 previously untreated and 2 of 17 previously treated patients are surviving in remission of both MDS and lymphoid malignancies. However, the high non-relapse mortality among previously treated patients, even with reduced-intensity conditioning regimens, indicates that new transplant strategies need to be developed.
The G protein subunit gene families.

t i t u p g s t ( uch as neurotransmitters, hormones, and light. The vast ajority of such receptors are coupled to G proteins, which ransduce the signal to effectors. G proteins are heterotrimrs made up of an a, a b, and a g subunit (29). The G protein ubunits are now known to be encoded by families of related enes in mammalian cells (74). The sizes of these mammaian gene families vary. a subunits are encoded by 16 genes, subunits are encoded by 5 genes, and g subunits are enoded by 12 genes. After the initial discovery of G proteins, most work focused n the a subunit. To identify the molecular basis for diversity n a subunit types, genes for this subunit were cloned and haracterized (41). Additional interest in the a subunit genes as stimulated by the discovery of mutations in these genes ssociated with human disease (76). In the past few years, everal genes for the b and g subunits have also been idenified and characterized (18, 19, 22, 38, 64, 73, 80). Informaion about these three gene families has also come from the arge-scale human and mouse genome sequencing efforts. he recently completed characterization of the genomes of accharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans allows s to compare the size and extent of diversity of the mamalian G protein subunit gene families with that of a uniellular eukaryote and a lower invertebrate (http://www. cbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMGifs/Genomes/yc.html and http://www. cbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMGifs/Genomes/ce.html). We focus here n some aspects of the G protein subunit genes: (i) We sumarize the existent information on the structure, expression, nd organization of these genes. (ii) We focus on mutations in he genes for G protein subunits that result in disease and he molecular basis for their deleterious effect on cells. (iii) e discuss the implications of the increase in diversity and ize of the G protein subunit gene subfamilies with cellular omplexity. Recent reviews focusing on various related asects of G proteins are available (21, 27, 32, 62).
The Projection of Light

The distribution of light in a searchlight beam is computed by determining the image formation at a point on the mirror or lens, then from this elemental image the image from a zone is derived. These zonal images are in turn summed graphically to find the beam from the complete searchlight. Some of the more important characteristics of a projected beam, such as angular width and the region in which the inverse square rule may be used to compute illumination, are outlined, and some attention is paid to the short range region that must often be used in testing. Lenses are discussed, largely to bring out their limitations, and some of the characteristics of the ellipsoid and hyperboloid are outlined. Test data on a mirror made of a combination of these two basic curves are presented to show how the filament images can be suppressed.
Portfolio Development in a Secondary Teaching Credential Art Programme

This paper describes portfolio development by pre-service art teachers in a secondary teaching programme at California State University, Los Angeles, USA. A portfolio reflects knowledge, skills, and beliefs about teaching in general and teaching art specifically. It displays one’s learning experiences as they are collected, organized, and refined to provide a critical framework and rich portrayal of one’s best work. The article addresses the questions of what a portfolio in art education is, what its goals are, how one creates a portfolio, how one assesses portfolios once they are developed, what the issues and challenges surrounding the use of portfolios as assessment tools are, and finally, some likely future developments of portfolio assessment in teacher education.
American Labor and the Catholic Church, 1919-1950*

Thirty years ago political scientist Marc Karson proposed that the features which most obviously distinguish the American labor movement from its Euro pean counterparts?the weakness of socialist ideas and the refusal of trade unions to support a labor party?can in considerable part be explained by the influence of the Catholic Church on trade unionists. Karson was concerned with the years 1900 to 1918, when advocates of a party dedicated to the pursuit of socialism conquered the British labor movement. During that period, Karson showed, American church leaders not only denounced socialism, but organized a committee of Catholic trade unionists to combat the doctrine. Churchmen openly threatened to pull their pa rishioners out of the American Federation of Labor if it ever succumbed to the so cialist temptation?an awesome threat if it could be realized, since roughly half the membership of A.F. of L. unions consisted of Catholics. Clerical pressure, Karson maintained, strengthened the hand of conservative A.F. of L. leaders like Samuel Gompers, John Mitchell, Frank Morrison, and Matthew Woll, all of whom enjoyed good relations with Peter Dietz of Ohio, the priest who led the fed eration's Catholic bloc. As Florence Thorne, Gomper's long-time assistant, told Karson in 1948, the reason American labor never divided into Catholic and social ist or communist wings, like continental European labor movements, was that an tisocialist agitation made the American Federation of Labor safe for Catholicism.1 Karson had his finger on something, but his argument and evidence were deeply flawed. Although Karson's thesis was intended to prove a comparative point, he did not reply to the obvious objection about the progress of socialism and communism in Catholic lands like France and Italy, other than to remark that "it may be . . . that those countries would today be completely Socialist or Com munist had the Catholic Church not worked resolutely against that develop ment."2 Karson similarly overlooked the positive side of the church's labor activ ity: its urban missions, its charities, its support for minimum-wage legislation (like
Adhesion and Migration, the Diverse Functions of the Laminin α3 Subunit

The laminins are a secreted family of heterotrimeric molecules essential for basement membrane formation, structure, and function. It is now well established that the alpha3 subunit of laminins-332, -321, and -311 plays an important role in mediating epidermal-dermal integrity and is essential for the skin to withstand mechanical stresses. These laminins also regulate cell migration and mechanosignal transduction. This article provides an overview of the gene, transcripts, and protein structures of laminin alpha3. Also discussed are the proposed functions for the alpha3 subunit-containing laminins.
Sorption and desorption rate comparisons for 1,2‐dichlorobenzene to a peat soil

The rates of sorption and desorption were quantified for 1,2-dichlorobenzene to and from a peat soil using a batch methodology. Solute-sorbent contact times of 2, 7, 14, 49, and 99 d were studied for the desorption rate experiments. The experimental data were simulated using a distributed rate parameter model. The optimal model fitting parameters and their 95% confidence intervals were computed. The rates of desorption were significantly slower than the rate of uptake for solute-sorbent contact times greater than 2 d. For contact times greater than 2 d, a significant fraction of the 1,2-dichlorobenzene seemed to be irreversibly sorbed. However, the rate of desorption and the magnitude of the irreversible fraction were independent of contact time for contact times greater than 2 d. The rate observations for this study were consistent with an intraorganic matter diffusion mechanism.
Pricing and Managing a Maintenance Contract for a Fleet of Aircraft Engines

A large corporation wished to expand its role as a provider of maintenance and repair services for aircraft engines. These services were to be provided to airlines based on long-term contracts. The mag nitude and uncertainty of the costs involved (total costs for a typical contract would be in excess of a billion dollars) could expose the corporation to sig nificant financial risk. To help mitigate and man age this risk, a simulation model was developed to assess costs over the life of the contract. The pri mary objective was to establish a fair contract price. The simulation model also allowed opera tional issues and sensitivities to be examined.
Risk factors for mortality in infants and young children on dialysis

The factors associated with a greater mortality risk in infants and young children undergoing dialysis have not been clearly determined. We report the results of a North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study designed to assess risk factors in patients aged younger than 6 years at initiation of dialysis therapy. Sixty-four nonsurvivors were matched with 110 survivors for age at dialysis initiation, primary renal disease, and year of entry onto the database. Questionnaires on 137 patients (51 nonsurvivors, 86 survivors) were completed by participating centers. Seventy-five percent (103 of 137 patients) of the patients were aged younger than 2 years at dialysis initiation; 42% (58 of 137 patients) had renal aplasia, dysplasia, and/or hypoplasia or obstructive uropathy; 62% were boys; and 62% were white. One-year patient survival rates were 83% in infants beginning dialysis at younger than 3 months of age, 89% in 3- to 23-month-olds, and 95% in 2- to 5-year-olds (P = 0.001). Comorbid nonrenal disease occurred in 37 of 51 nonsurvivors (74%) versus 46 of 84 survivors (55%; P = 0.027). Nonsurvivors had pulmonary disease and/or hypoplasia more often (14 of 37 nonsurvivors; 37.8% versus 8 of 46 survivors; 17.4%; P = 0.04). Oliguria or anuria was present in 23 of 33 nonsurvivors (70%) aged younger than 2 years versus 26 of 64 survivors (41%; P = 0.007). Infection accounted for 15 of 51 deaths (29.4%). In summary, these results suggest that age at dialysis initiation; presence of nonrenal disease, particularly pulmonary disease and/or hypoplasia; and oliguria or anuria in children aged younger than 2 years are identifiable as risk factors for mortality in these young patients.
Roman Passions: A History of Pleasure in Imperial Rome – By Ray Laurence

As Rome's political influence expanded throughout the Mediterranean during the first century AD, so too did the increased availability of luxury goods—animal, vegetable, mineral, and human—contribu...
Tundra Passages: History and Gender in the Russian Far East

Tundra Passages: History and Gender in the Russian Far East. Petra Rethmann. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001. ix. 219 pp., notes, bibliography, index.
Determinants and Consequences of Sexual Networks as They Affect the Spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Because pathogens spread only within the unique context of a sexual union between people when one person is infectious, the other is susceptible to new infection, and condoms are not used to prevent transmission, the epidemiological study of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is particularly challenging. Social network analysis entails the study of ties among people and how the structure and quality of such ties affect individuals and overall group dynamics. Although ascertaining complete sexual networks is difficult, application of this approach has provided unique insights into the spread of STIs that traditional individual-based epidemiological methods do not capture. This article provides a brief background on the design and assessments of studies of social networks, to illustrate how these methods have been applied to understanding the distribution of STIs, to inform the development of interventions for STI control.
Effect of Dietary Fat on the Fatty Acid Composition of Eggs and Tissues of the Hen

Abstract THE proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in egg fat can be readily increased by increasing the level of PUFA in the diet (Cruickshank, 1934; Fisher and Leveille, 1957; Feigenbaum and Fisher, 1959; Wheeler et al., 1959; Murty and Reiser, 1961). Feigenbaum and Fisher (1959) reported that the egg fat was not influenced by dietary saturated fat whereas the body fat was influenced by ingestion of either unsaturated or saturated fat. In these studies of Feigenbaum and Fisher (1959) the alkaline isomerization method was used. Since this method measures saturated fatty acids indirectly, it was impossible to detect any changes in the relative quantities of the saturated fatty acids such as might occur when short chain (≤ C-14) fatty acids are fed. In the following study, gas chromatography was employed in order to determine more definitively whether egg yolk saturated fatty acids could be influenced by dietary saturated acids. In …
Circuit optimization techniques in DROID

Circuit-level optimization techniques such as buffer insertion, gate input reordering and transistor sizing are commonly practiced by circuit designers to deliver high performance circuits. All these techniques are indispensable in shortening the design cycle and in improving the delay performance. The authors describe the algorithms implementing these circuit optimization techniques which allow push-button, high-performance synthesis within the DROID Auto-Full-Custom design system. >
Interpreting the Global Temperature Record

Close examination of the global temperature record, together with other factors, does not support the global warming models’ predictions – the thermal response to a doubling of CO2 is likely to be ‘remarkably small’.
The impedance properties of dielectric-covered narrow radiating slots in the broad face of a rectangular waveguide

An extension of Oliner's theory is used to predict the impedance of slots with dielectric coatings. Theoretical curves are presented which show the change in impedance as a function of dielectric constant, dielectric losses, and dielectric thickness. The effect of a dielectric or plasma upon the resonant frequency is also included. The agreement with experimental dielectric-covered slot data justifies the extension of Oliner's theory.
Fluorescent Microscopy of Viable Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a chytrid fungus, is a causative agent of chytridiomycosis and amphibian population declines worldwide. The sequenced genome of Bd provides information necessary for studying the fungus and its molecular biology. Fluorescent microscopy is a technique used to image targeted molecules in live or fixed organisms to understand cellular trafficking and localization, but the use of fluorescent microscopy with Bd has not yet been demonstrated. Two fluorescent stains were tested for their use in live-cell imaging of Bd, i.e., the cell wall-specific fluorophore Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE and the DNA-specific fluorophore DRAQ5. These specific staining patterns were observed in live cultures of Bd when visualized with laser-scanning confocal microscopy.
Spatially resolved surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: feasibility, intensity dependence on sampling area and attomole mass sensitivity

Abstract Spatially resolved surface enhanced Raman scattering (SR SERS) from μm sized sampling areas has been observed in the electrochemical environment for the first time. Analysis of the equation for SR SERS intensity reveals that the detected signal should be area independent. This is demonstrated experimentally for the aqueous pyridine/Ag model system using 200 kW cm −2 peak laser irradiance. The mass detection limits for SR SERS are found to be on the order of 10 5 molecules or 0.17 attomoles!
A Serum Thyroxine Method: Application in Thyroid Disease and Iodine-Treated Patients

A practical method for measuring serum thyroxine levels has been developed that is diagnostically accurate in the evaluation of thyroid function, even in patients with high PBI levels following the administration of iodine-containing compounds. The average serum thyroxine iodine (T4I) level was 5.24 ±1.06 (1 sd) μg/100 ml in 117 euthyroid subjects, 1.1 μg/100 ml in 51 hypothyroid patients, and 12.9 μg/100 ml in 64 hyperthyroid patients. All but 2 of the hypothyroid patients had T4I values that were lower than normal ( 2 sd). Serum T4I levels were measured in 90 euthyroid patients with high PBI levels due to the administration of KI, Hypaque, Telepaque, Pantopaque, Dionosil, or a combination of these compounds. The average serum T4I level in this iodine-treated group was 5.3 μg/100 ml and 86 % of them had normal values.
GLRT detection of signals in reverberation

A common problem in active sonar is that of multipath propagation in the ocean environment. A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) approach is developed for detecting multiple target returns with unknown time delays and amplitudes in reverberation. The reverberation is modeled by a scattering function that is assumed to be described by the power spectral density of a complex autoregressive process. The generalized likelihood ratio test detector is described and its performance is compared to the clairvoyant optimal processor and an ad hoc processor.
Correspondence Between Perceptions of Change in Diet and 15‐year change in diet reports in the Tecumseh diet methodology study

Abstract As part of an effort to assess the most reliable method of obtaining information about long‐term dietary intake, a study was conducted of the correspondence between perception of change in diet and measured change in reported diet from 1967 to 1982. Respondents were 1,201 men and women participants in the Tecumseh Food Frequency Study of 1967–1969 who were 45–64 years of age in 1982–1983, the time of the Diet Methodology Study. Perceptions of change were obtained by asking respondents directly if they thought they currently ate each of 12 food groups more often, less often, or as often as they did during the year of their earlier interview. Measured change was obtained by subtracting each respondent's baseline frequency for each of the 12 food groups from his or her current frequency. For 10 of the 12 food groups, correspondence was found between perception of change and measured change; fats and oils added at the table and meat were the exceptions. Significant linear relationships were found bet...
Safety of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based pre-exposure prophylaxis is a novel HIV prevention strategy for individuals at increased sexual risk for HIV infection. For any biomedical prevention intervention, the bar for tolerating adverse effects in healthy persons is high compared to therapeutic interventions.Areas covered: We provide a concise summary of the clinical safety of TDF-based pre-exposure prophylaxis with focus on TDF-related effects on tolerability, kidney function, bone density, HIV resistance, sexual and reproductive health. The evidence base for this review is derived from a literature search of both randomized and observational studies evaluating efficacy and safety of TDF-based PrEP, TDF alone or in combination with emtricitabine, identified from PUBMED and EMBASE electronic databases, clinicaltrials.gov and major HIV conferences.Expert opinion: TDF-based pre-exposure prophylaxis is a potent intervention against HIV acquisition when taken which is generally safe and ...
IL-12–Dependent Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Proliferation, T-bet Induction, and Effector Multifunction during Primary Infection Are Key Determinants for Early Immune Control

CMV remains an important opportunistic pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation, particularly in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). LTRs mismatched for CMV (donor(+)/recipient(-); D(+)R(-)) are at high risk for active CMV infection and increased mortality; however, the immune correlates of viral control remain incompletely understood. We prospectively studied 27 D(+)R(-) LTRs during primary CMV infection to determine whether acute CD4(+) T cell parameters differentiated the capacity for viral control during early chronic infection. Unexpectedly, the T-box transcription factor, T-bet, was expressed at low levels in CD4(+) compared with CD8(+) T cells during acute primary infection. However, the capacity for in vitro CMV phosphoprotein 65-specific proliferation and CD4(+)T-bet(+) induction differentiated LTR controllers from early viremic relapsers, correlating with granzyme B loading and effector multifunction. Furthermore, impaired CMV-specific proliferative responses from relapsers, along with T-bet, and effector function could be significantly rescued, most effectively with phosphoprotein 65 Ag and combined exogenous IL-2 and IL-12. Acute CD4(+) T cell CMV-specific proliferative and effector responses were highly IL-12-dependent in blocking studies. In addition, we generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells using PBMC obtained during primary infection from relapsers and observed impaired monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation, a reduced capacity for IL-12 production, but increased IL-10 production compared with controls, suggesting an APC defect during acute CMV viremia. Taken together, these data show an important role for CMV-specific CD4(+) effector responses in differentiating the capacity of high-risk LTRs to establish durable immune control during early chronic infection and provide evidence for IL-12 as a key factor driving these responses.
Steady-State Growth under Inorganic Carbon Limitation Conditions Increases Energy Consumption for Maintenance and Enhances Nitrous Oxide Production in Nitrosomonas europaea

This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by American Society for Microbiology and can be found at: http://aem.asm.org/
Organizing a Coincidence: Identity Work and Activism Among Local Critical Mass Enthusiasts

This study examines the activities of a local group of Critical Mass (cycling) enthusiasts to inquire into the aspirations for their participation. The research employs a multimethod, ethnographic approach to explicate the identity work associated with the enthusiasts’ involvement in the phenomenon and local activism. Drawing from sociological perspectives on identity convergence and identity formation processes, the analysis finds that the core group of participants assume heavy leadership roles in Critical Mass in part to enhance their personal identity as political activists. The article also details the form and function of Critical Mass as a type of cultural movement to contextualize the analysis. The article seeks to contribute to the literature on identity convergence, suggesting some collective action participants seek opportunities to enact and affirm collective identities important to their personal self-conception. Implications of the research for the study of identity formation processes withi...
Assessing compositional variability through graphical analysis and Bayesian statistical approaches: case studies on transgenic crops.

Abstract New transgenic (GM) crops are subjected to extensive safety assessments that include compositional comparisons with conventional counterparts as a cornerstone of the process. The influence of germplasm, location, environment, and agronomic treatments on compositional variability is, however, often obscured in these pair-wise comparisons. Furthermore, classical statistical significance testing can often provide an incomplete and over-simplified summary of highly responsive variables such as crop composition. In order to more clearly describe the influence of the numerous sources of compositional variation we present an introduction to two alternative but complementary approaches to data analysis and interpretation. These include i) exploratory data analysis (EDA) with its emphasis on visualization and graphics-based approaches and ii) Bayesian statistical methodology that provides easily interpretable and meaningful evaluations of data in terms of probability distributions. The EDA case-studies in...
Increased Yields of Coastal Bermudagrass After Application of Insecticides to Control Insect Complex

Yields of Coastal bermudagrass increased significantly after application of 2.0 lb per acre of azinphosmethyl, trichlorfon, carbaryl, and Union Carbide UC-8305 (3-chloro-5-methyl-3-thio-2, 4-dioxa-3-phosphabicyclo[4.4.0]decane) in 1963 and of Stauffer N-2790 ( O -ethyl S -phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) in 1965; the treatments reduced the population of insects associated with Coastal Bermuda grass and thus proved that the insect complex reduced the yield of grass. The fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and leafhoppers were probably the most damaging of the species. The insect population reached a peak and caused greatest damage to new growth in recently mowed fields of Coastal Bermuda grass from mid-July to mid-August. Insecticides applied at this time were particularly effective in promoting high yields.
Apparatus for Continuous Infusion of Microvolumes of Solution into Organs and Tissues.

SummaryAn apparatus is described for infusion of small volumes of test solutions directly into tissues and organs. In more than 3000 successful infusions of the early regenerating limb of salamanders, volumes of 0.001 cc per hour have been introduced for periods of 5 or more hours. The apparatus consists of an advancing bar which is driven forward by a screw shaft attached to a clock motor. The advancing bar presses against the plungers of small syringes forcing fluid into fine polyethylene tubing and thence through a glass capillary needle into the tissues.
pH-Dependent Changes in Surface Activity of Lung Extracts

SummaryWe have studied the effect of various KOH concentrations and pH alterations on dog and rabbit lung tissue extracts. Extracts in KOH had a higher minimal surface tension than saline extracts. Most KC1 extracts were normal. Twelve lungs were extracted with NaOH, and an additional seven saline extracts were alkalinized with 10% NaOH solution. Sixteen of these showed a marked rise in minimal surface tension. In the three that did not, the contour of the tension-area curve changed markedly, with more gradual slope and narrower hysteresis loop. Minimal surface tension was consistently raised with addition of K2CO3 and NaHCO3 as well. Similar abnormalities were produced by lowering pH with 0.1 N HCl.The pH of 26 lung extracts was also altered with phosphate buffer solution. Minimal surface tension changes were not so extreme, but there was a slight positive correlation of pH with minimal surface tension. The pH of saline extract of normal lung tissues and of the lung itself was slightly lower than normal ...
Dynamic Temporal Control of Signaling Activated Gene Regulation

Many signal transduction and gene regulatory pathways are highly dynamic resulting in temporally varying activity of signaling proteins and time varying gene expression profiles. These time varying signaling profiles are important as these can direct different cellular phenotypes. Currently, our biophysical understanding of these temporal signaling profiles is very rudimentary and relies on the genetic manipulation of specific proteins or drug treatment regimes. Although protein numbers are often manipulated over a wide dynamic range using an inducible promoter, the activity of these signaling proteins may only be manipulated by mutations or drugs. One drawback of this approach is that genetic protein modification may result in a significant interference with the function of the cell, which may cause lethal phenotypes. Another drawback is that drugs are often not available for proteins of interest or have considerable off-target effect. In order to avoid these limitations, we developed a time varying perturbation approach that utilizes time varying ligand profiles to investigate the temporal properties of signaling and gene regulatory pathways, without genetic manipulation or drug treatments. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we chose to interrogate the evolutionary conserved high-osmolarity glycerol stress response pathway (HOG/p38) in S. Cerevisiae, which enables to manipulate the intensity, duration and temporal activity of the signal transduction pathway in single cells. We are able to quantify signal transduction activation, signal transduction saturation and gene expression activation thresholds at high precision and demonstrate that the signaling dynamics is proportional to the first time derivative of the external perturbation profile. Because this approach is independent of the biological pathway or organism, it presents a general methodology to interrogate and control signaling and gene expression pathways non-invasively without the need for genetic or drug perturbations.
Comparison of Forecasting Ability of Different Frequency Volatility Predicting Models for Chinese Stock Market

Estimating and forecasting volatility is the core of financial risk management.We propose the heavy tail mixed frequency volatility mode.Taking the SSEC index rolling window sample 2004-2011,we compared low frequency,high frequency and mixed frequency volatility models.Using SPA and MCS test we compared the volatility forecast results of the ten models.We also compared the VaRs of the ten models.With different loss functions and different time interval,the empirical results show that in short time interval,Realized GARCH_t is the best model,but in long time interval,such as week or month,the semi parametric NSM mode is superior to other models.
Bundled Rebates as Exclusionary, Not Predatory

Prevailing tests for whether bundled rebate programs are anticompetitive, including the recent Antitrust Modernization Commission Recommendation 17, are based on whether some incremental or total price in the rebate program is less than some appropriate incremental cost. This test is based upon an error - that rebate programs, and exclusionary conduct more generally, should be treated like predation cases. Analyses supporting this perspective err in treating the buyers as end users rather than competing complement providers, as they are in all the leading U.S. and Canadian cases. Instead, rebate programs should be assessed on the basis of whether they raise the price of a complement, such as retailing or distribution. This suggests a different two prong test: Does the rebate cover a competitively significant share of a complement market, and if so, what effect does the rebate have on the price rivals have to pay to obtain the complement? This test allows the use of merger guideline approaches, ignores (for the most part) cost-based comparisons, and does not require prior dominance in the primary market. In assessing this alternative approach, we look at when practices are exclusionary, compare rebates to explicit exclusive dealing, discuss distinguishing exclusionary from predatory rebates, assess the limits of "profit sacrifice" approaches in exclusion cases, and propose share-based remedies to recognize vertical efficiencies.
Performance of an Automated System for Control of Traffic in Terminal Airspace

This paper examines the performance of a system that performs automated conflict resolution and arrival scheduling for aircraft in the terminal airspace around major airports. Such a system has the potential to perform separation assurance and arrival sequencing tasks that are currently handled manually by human controllers. The performance of the system is tested against several simulated traffic scenarios that are characterized by the rate at which air traffic is metered into the terminal airspace. For each traffic scenario, the levels of performance that are examined include: number of conflicts predicted to occur, types of resolution maneuver used to resolve predicted conflicts, and the amount of delay for all flights. The simulation results indicate that the percentage of arrivals that required a maneuver that changes the flight's horizontal route ranged between 11% and 15% in all traffic scenarios. That finding has certain implications if this automated system were to be implemented simply as a decision support tool. It is also found that arrival delay due to purely wake vortex separation requirements on final approach constituted only between 29% and 35% of total arrival delay, while the remaining major portion of it is mainly due to delay back propagation effects.