cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing sociality, social evolution and relevant nonapeptide functions

Summary Although behavioral neuroendocrinologists often discuss “sociality” as a unitary variable, the term encompasses a wide diversity of behaviors that do not evolve in a linked fashion across species. Thus grouping, monogamy, paternal care, cooperative breeding/alloparental care, and various other forms of social contact are evolutionarily labile and evolve in an almost cafeteria-like fashion, indicating that relevant neural mechanisms are at least partially dissociable. This poses a challenge for the study of the nonapeptides (vasopressin, oxytocin, and homologous neuropeptides), because nonapeptides are known to modulate all of these aspects of sociality in one species or another. Hence, we may expect substantial diversity in the behavioral functions of nonapeptides across species, and indeed this is the case. Further compounding this complexity is the fact that the pleiotropic contributions of nonapeptides to social behavior are matched by pleiotropic contributions to physiology. Given these considerations, single “model systems” approaches to nonapeptide function will likely not have strong predictive validity for humans or other species. Rather, if we are to achieve predictive validity, we must sample a wide diversity of species in an attempt to derive general principles. In the present review, I discuss what is known about functional evolution of nonapeptide systems, and critically evaluate general assumptions about bonding and other functions that are based on the model systems approach. From this analysis I attempt to summarize what can and cannot be generalized across species, and highlight critical gaps in our knowledge about the functional evolution of nonapeptide systems as it relates to dimensions of sociality.
Environmental chemistry through intelligent atmospheric data analysis

Here we present a new open-source software package designed to facilitate the analysis of atmospheric data, with emphasis on data mining applications applied to single-particle mass spectrometry data from aerosol particles. The software package, Enchilada (Environmental Chemistry through Intelligent Atmospheric Data Analysis), is designed to seamlessly handle large datasets, to allow for temporal aggregation of data from many instruments, and to integrate techniques such as clustering (K-means, K-medians, and Art-2a), labeling of peaks in mass spectra, and temporal correlations of multiple datasets from multiple instrument types. The software, which continues to be developed and improved, provides users with a single package to integrate data from multiple mass spectrometer systems (ATOFMS, PALMS, SPASS, Q-AMS) as well as any time-based data stream. A detailed description of the software and examples of analysis methods that are incorporated into it are described here.
The effect of cardiac compression on defibrillation efficacy and the upper limit of vulnerability.

Compression Affects Defibrillation and ULV. Introduction: We determined the effects of decreasing the ventricular blood volume and altering cardiac geometry on defibrillation, the upper limit of vulnerability (ULV), and the relationship between them. Methods and Results: In six pigs, fibrillation/defibrillalion trials were performed with a left ventricular apex patch to a superior vena cava catheter electrode configuration and a biphasic waveform. Thirty trials each were performed on a compressed versus noncompressed (normal) heart. Compression was achieved using direct mechanical ventricular actuation. Dose-response curves were constructed, and the 50% probability points (KD50) were compared for leading edge voltage (LEV), leading edge current (LEI), and total energy (TE). In another 12 pigs, triplicate defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) and ULVs were determined for each heart state. The T wave was scanned with shocks in 10-msec steps for determining the ULV. Compression resulted in decreased ED50s for LEV (δ= 138 ± 77 V, P < 0.05, mean ± SD), LEI (A = 1.57 ± 0.7 A, P < 0.05), and TE (δ= 4.9 ± 3.6 J, P < 0.05) compared to normal. In the second study, compression significantly reduced DFT (P < 0.02) and ULV (P < 0.02) for LEV, LEI, and TE compared to normal. The ULV tended to be lower than the DFT for the normal heart state (δ= 23 ± 46 V LEV; P = NS). However, the ULV was significantly greater than the DFT for the compressed heart state (A = 19 ± 25 V LEV; P < 0.03). Conclusions: Shock delivery during cardiac compression improves defibrillation efficacy. Additionally, cardiac compression decreases both DFT and ULV, which supports the ULV hypothesis of defibrillation. Finally, maintaining the heart's geometric and volumetric state during ULV testing in paced rhythm and DFT testing in ventricular fibrillation moves the ULV higher than the DFT—the position predicted by the ULV hypothesis for defibrillation.
An alternative TIS measurement method for RSSI reporting based wireless mobile stations

A total isotropic sensitivity measurement method is presented in this paper. Mobile radiated sensitivity and antenna gain are measured separately. The antenna gain is measured using a receive signal strength indicator reporting. Solutions to RSSI reporting inaccuracy and poor resolution are also provided.
Using DNA looping to measure sequence dependent DNA elasticity

We are using tethered particle motion (TPM) microscopy to observe protein-mediated DNA looping in the lactose repressor system in DNA constructs with varying AT / CG content. We use these data to determine the persistence length of the DNA as a function of its sequence content and compare the data to direct micromechanical measurements with constant-force axial optical tweezers. The data from the TPM experiments show a much smaller sequence effect on the persistence length than the optical tweezers experiments.
Street-signs: The City as Context and as Code in the Novels of Claire Etcherelli

The piece aims to consider the novels of Claire Etcherelli as examples of le roman parisien, and to examine the different roles the city is made to play in them. It looks briefly at Etcherelli's debt to the literature of the nineteenth century; at the significance of using real place names in such realist fiction; at Paris as political fulcrum; at why most of Etcherelli's characters live on the fringes of the city. The second half concentrates on Elise ou la vraie vie and attempts to illustrate how in this novel Paris becomes an extended and elaborate metaphor for that 'real' or 'true' life. The eponymous heroine is unable to penetrate the capital without simultaneously exploring her own coming to consciousness and sensual awareness, and she can achieve neither of these goals without the character given the role of initiator, her Algerian lover Arezki. The loss of the one therefore automatically incurs the loss of the other, and Paris becomes literally out of bounds to her. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol18/iss2/5 Street-signs: The City as Context and as Code in the Novels of Claire Etcherelli Sara Poole University of Reading (England) The associations of "city" are already highly charged for a reader before he picks up a book which has a city in it. Within the literary work this image becomes part of a coherent system of signs, and its meanings may be only tenuously involved with the empirical city itself.' Claire Etcherelli has so far written three novels: Elise ou la vraie vie (1967), A propos de Clemence (1971), and Un Arbre voyageur (1978). Paris and the closest of its suburbs serve largely or exclusively as backdrop to each. Urban topography as toile de fond is a familiar aspect of "realist" literature; no one, however, to my knowledge, has written of Etcherelli's work as rooted firmly in the tradition of the Parisian novel. A corollary of the city as background is the city as character (usually as irrational, unpredictable character embodying this century's ambiguous attitude to urban civilization), and this too is a feature of these novels. Finally, the thoroughfares of a city as metaphor for the lines along which the narrative develops-street plan paralleling coded paths that the reader must take through the text-constitute another aspect of urban space well represented in Etcherelli's works. That symbiosis of actual and fictional cityscape-the meshing of what Burton Pike has called "the real city and the word-city"-allows Paris to be multiply coded as consciousness, life, exciting/threatening/alien. The present article seeks in some measure to explore these properties of the city as illustrated in these three novels. 1 Poole: Street-signs: The City as Context and as Code in the Novels of Cl Published by New Prairie Press 190 STCL, Volume 18, No. 2 (Summer,1994)
Steady-state hierarchical control for the drift correction of a constellation in highly elliptical orbits

AbstractThe hierarchical control scheme is used to obtain the solutions of two-point boundary value problems to correct the separation distance drifts of a pair of satellites within a constellation in highly elliptical orbits according to mission constraints. One of these solutions is the drift correction that shows a faster correction than the solution of the two-point boundary value problem for the station-keeping process of a pair of satellites within a constellation. For the drift correction, the hierarchical control scheme uses an iterative method to obtain the solution for the drift correction. Thus, the hierarchical control scheme is re-expressed as a steady-state system to reduce the computational process and time. In summary, the steady-state hierarchical control scheme is used to correct the drift between a pair of satellites within a constellation in which the computational process is minimized.
EEG features in basilar artery migraine.

SYNOPSIS Standard and 24-hour ambulatory cassette electroencephalograms (EEG) were performed in 51 female patients with basilar artery migraine (BAM). None of the patients were known epileptics. The group age average was 29 years. Anomalies were detected in 9 patients (17.6%) Two exhibited paroxysmal specific (i.e., epileptogenic) and 7 paroxysmal non-specific abnormalities. Studies during the symptomatic period on 7 patients were normal, and in one adolescent photoparoxysmal discharges were present. Her headaches persisted despite the suppression of EEG photoparoxysmal activity with valproate and carbamazepine; conversely, she was clinically improved with propranolol. EEG abnormalities occurred in the minority of adults afflicted with BAM. The presence of ictal or interictal abnormalities is not an absolute indication for antiepileptic therapy although these agents may, occasionally, be efficacious in the treatment of migraine, independent of associated EEG disturbances.
Group-Individual POLYLIN

POLYLIN (Shanteau, 1977) is a FORTRAN program for conducting analysis of variance tests on multiplicative trend components of the interactions in a factorial design. Such tests are used to evaluate multiplying models in a functional measurement framework (Anderson, 1982). Group-Individual POLYLIN is an extension that allows a group analysis when several subjects have judged the same set of stimuli. The extension supplants the technically incorrect procedure proposed for group designs by Graesser and Anderson (1974) and recommended with the earlier POLYLIN. The program employs a least squares procedure that maximizes the sum of squares in the multilinear (e.g., . linear-by-linear) component of each interaction. This is accomplished by using the marginal means for each factor as a basis for constructing its orthogonal trend coefficients following the algorithm presented by Weiss (1980). Coefficients are computed separately for each SUbject, and then a standard repeated-measures analysis (Keppel, 1973, pp. 414-419) is conducted. Programmed in BASIC·PLUS for an interactive system, Group-Individual POLYLIN is entirely conversational. Data may be input from the terminal during execution or read from a me. Error correction after the data have been entered is available. Optional outputs include cell means, marginal means, and trend coefficients for each subject. The trend tests may be conducted for some or all of the components individually or for the multilinear component and pooled remainder of each interaction. Limitations. As programmed for a PDP-11/70, Group-Individual POLYLIN comprises more than 700 lines. Factorial designs with from two to four factors (not including subjects or replicates) may be analyzed. Dimensioned for eight subjects with up to 400 scores/subject (these parameters may be adjusted via DIM statements), it occupies sufficient space to require chaining into two subprograms and considerable use of virtual arrays. Virtual storage slows execution a good deal, and users with larger machines may not need it. System-dependent features of BASIC·PLUS have been avoided and only two-dimensional arrays are used, so any machine of comparable size (the 11/70 allows 16 KB for a program) should be able to accommodate the program. AvaiIabBity. A listing of the program may be obtained without charge from David J. Weiss, Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, California 90032.
What constitutes the "evidence" in evidence-based practice?

O NE OF THE AMERICAN ORGANIZATION of Nurse Executives’ research and education priorities focuses on improvement of patient care and the work environment through support of evidence-based practice. What should nurse leaders consider as evidence when making evidence-based decisions? Most nurses believe that practice based on scientific knowledge will lead to improvements in patient outcome. The term evidence is usually associated with research; however, what evidence should guide clinical and managerial practice when there is no research or insufficient research available? This article explores research and nonresearch sources of evidence that can be used by nurses when making evidencebased decisions.
EFFECT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS SERUM ON NASAL MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE

Studies were performed to detect a possible in vivo effect of the ciliary dyskinesia factor of cystic fibrosis (CF) serum. Following application of serum to the nasal mucosa of CF patients and normal subjects, nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) was assessed by a radioisotope technique. Removal of a radioactive droplet applied to the mucocutaneous junction of the nose was quantified by means of an Anger scintillation camera interfaced to a data storage and retrieval system. Autologous serum applied to the nasal mucosa failed to inhibit MCC in normals or in CF patients, nor did CF serum inhibit MCC in normals. By contrast, an inflammatory response induced by locally applied anti-serum to human IgE retarded MCC in CF patients but not in normals: it is presumed that the local effect of anti-IgE on MCC in CF was the result of an exudation of the serum dyskinesia factor. Possibly, recurrent or persistent pulmonary infection In CF relates to a local exudation of this factor, hindering effective clearance of secretions. Supported by C.F. Foundation, MRC (Canada), Ont. Thoracic Soc., Can. TB & RD Soc.
Effect of lipid peroxidation on cryopreserved semen quality in patients with testicular or nontesticular cancer

Abstract Objectives Although pre-freeze and post-thaw semen quality in patients with cancer is poor, it is not clear whether lipid peroxidation affects semen quality. This study assessed (1) whether poor semen quality in patients with cancer is caused by lipid peroxidation, and (2) whether patient age or sperm motility is associated with lipid peroxidation. Methods Lipid peroxidation was measured by determining malonaldehyde levels using the thiobarbituric acid method. Malonaldehyde levels were measured in cryopreserved semen specimens from patients with testicular (n = 15) or nontesticular cancer (n = 16) and normal men (control subjects, n = 20). A computer-assisted semen analyzer was used to determine the sperm concentration and motility before and after cryopreservation. Results Malonaldehyde levels did not differ in frozen-thawed semen specimens among patients with testicular (25.90 ± 1.00 nM/10 8 sperm/hr) or nontesticular cancer (24.48 ± 1.66 nM/10 8 sperm/hr), and control subjects (24.86 ± 1.43 nM/10 8 sperm/hr). Malonaldehyde levels did not correlate with post-thaw sperm motility or patient age in patients with testicular or nontesticular cancer. Post-thaw sperm motility from patients with testicular or nontesticular cancer was significantly lower than that in normal subjects. Conclusions The poor post-thaw semen quality in patients with testicular or nontesticular cancer is not related to lipid peroxidation but may be caused by other factors such as sperm membrane stress induced during the freeze-thaw process.
Selected factors associated with students' perceptions of threat in the community.

This study assessed nursing students' perceptions of threat in the community from the beginning to the completion of their first formal community health nursing course (inclusive of specific community health content associated with relevant clinical experience) and determined how perceptions of threat differed by residential zone and by type of program (generic day, generic weekend/evening, or R.N.). Undergraduate nursing students were sampled from eight National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) accredited baccalaureate schools. Completed pretest data were obtained for 345 students. Completed post-test data were obtained for 274 students. Paired data were available for 197 students. Generally, students were comfortable when the environment was assessed within the context of daylight before and after the course. Students were not as comfortable with the environment when assessed within the context of nighttime either before they started the community course or after they completed it. Students continue to perceive that the community environment presents limited threats, particularly when viewed from the perspective of time of day. Because the community educational experience is not restricted to baccalaureate education (Cahill et al., 1998), nor is it conceptualized as a singular experience (Mellon & Nelson, 1998), the challenge to faculty is to enhance student learning by preparing them in such a manner that they assess their community environment for threats and practice safely within that environment. The use of the Environmental Comfort Scale III, including the open-ended question, may be one way to achieve this challenge.
Mechanical and thermal disturbances of the PSR Moderate Focus-Mission Structure

The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the optical pointing performance of the PSR Moderate Focus-Mission Structure when subjected to both mechanical and thermal disturbances. The mechanical disturbances are based on secondary mirror chopping. Results indicate that dynamic responses of the primary reflector and the secondary reflector subjected to chopping disturbances of the secondary reflector about its center of mass are within the figure maintenance control capabilities. The effects of modal damping, truss-type secondary support, interface boundary constraints, and alternate configurations, are also evaluated in the analysis. Thermal distortions of the structure were also evaluated based on the on-orbit temperature profiles derived from the submillimeter telescope missions. Results from thermal deformation analysis indicate that figure initialization control is needed for the PSR Moderate Focus-Mission. However, a figure maintenance system may not be required if adequate thermal isolation is incorporated into the support truss design for the PSR Moderate Focus-Mission Structure.
Cortical aging differences and fracture implications for the human femoral neck.

Abstract Clinical imaging techniques cannot consistently identify individuals at risk for hip fracture. Individual differences in falling likelihood partly account for these inconsistencies, but it is also thought that microscopic bone changes may play a role. In this study, subcapital, mid-neck, and trochanteric sites from eight young adult (26 ± 7 years) and nine older (63 ± 3 years) males were studied using backscattered electron imaging to identify age-related microscopic structural and mineral changes around the cortex. Cortical bone volume (BV(Ct)/TV), cortical void volume (Vd.V(Ct)/TV), hypermineralized bone volume (BV(H-min)/TV), the number of osteons/mm2 (N.On/B.Ar), lacunae/mm2 (N.Lc/B.Ar(Ct)) in the cortex, lacunae/mm2 (N.Lc/B.Ar(H-min)) in the hypermineralized phase, and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) were measured at subcapital, mid-neck, and trochanteric levels. Cortical void volume showed no differences (P = 0.26) between levels in the younger group, but differences (P
Laboratory testing for lupus anticoagulants

Abstract The diagnosis of LA requires special attention to specimen processing and careful determination of a reference interval for the screening procedures. A sensitive APTT reagent should be used as the routine screen with appropriate secondary screening procedures available for the difficult patient (e.g., KCT and dRVVT). Appropriate attention to the ratio of patient to normal plasma in mixing studies is imperative. The ratio of four parts patient to one part normal is recommended. In some instances, confirmatory tests utilizing either the PNP or other test systems may be ambiguous. In these cases it is necessary to perform factor assays for a definitive diagnosis. There is a need for reference plasmas and a common means of expressing LA titers.
Theoretical study of bone cancer therapy by plasmonic nanoparticles

Background: Progress made by the scientific community in the understanding of cell receptors and metabolic pathways has led to discovery of chemical and protein agents which act as delivery vectors to specific tissues. Conjugating these agents to noble-metal nanoparticles allows for subsequent accumulation on or within targeted cells. Utilizing the unique light absorption properties of these nanoparticles then allows for photothermal heating of the particles and surrounding tissue. Discussion: The heat equations are solved for the case of gold nanoparticles in biological hard tissues, such as bone, for applications to two future cancer therapies: nanophotothermolysis and nanophotohyperthermia. Conclusions: A survey of recent research in bone-targeting bioconjugates and simulations of nanoparticle thermal fields shows promise for these therapies in the near future.
Atypical language representation in epilepsy: Implications for injury-induced reorganization of brain function

This review addresses language function and reorganization associated with various forms of epilepsy. Longstanding epilepsy, particularly types with onset early in life, may be associated with changes in the representation of language function in the brain. As a result of this reorganization, language function may be relatively spared despite injury to areas of the brain that normally subserve these functions. We examine the changes seen in language function in two types of epilepsy: hemispheric epilepsy of childhood and focal epilepsies. Findings from behavioral studies, intracarotid amytal testing, intraoperative cortical testing, and more recent functional imaging studies are reviewed. Studying changes in the representation of language function seen in some forms of epilepsy provides information about brain plasticity with implications for other neurologic diseases, as well as for the neuroscientific understanding of how and when functional reorganization may occur.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the Robbins-Monro method

This paper examines the relation between convergence of the Robbins-Monro iterates Xn+1= Xn−anƒ(Xn)+anξn, ƒ(θ)=0, and the laws of large numbers Sn=anΣn−1j=0 ξj→0 as n→+∞. If an is decreasing at least as rapidly as c/n, then Xn→θ w.p. 1 (resp. in Lp, p⩾1) implies Sn→0 w.p. 1 (resp. in Lp, p⩾1) as n→+∞. If an is decreasing at least as slowly as c⧸n and limn→+∞a n=0, then Sn→0 w.p. 1 (resp. in Lp, p⩾2) implies Xn→θ w.p. 1 (resp. in Lp, p⩾2) as n →+∞. Thus, there is equivalence in the frequently examined case an⋍c⧸n. Counter examples show that the LLN must have the form of Sn, that the rate of decrease conditions are sharp, that the weak LLN is neither necessary nor sufficient for the convergence in probability of Xn to θ when an⋍c⧸n.
Immune mechanisms in human recipients of renal allografts

Abstract Eight human recipients of renal allografts obtained from living related donors were studied with the colony inhibition test up to 192 days post-transplantation. All recipient patients' lymphocytes significantly inhibited colony formation by donor fibroblasts. The post-transplant serums of seven patients were able to specifically block this effect at various times after grafting.
Id1 regulates angiogenesis through transcriptional repression of thrombospondin-1

Id proteins are helix-loop-helix transcription factors that regulate tumor angiogenesis. In order to identify downstream effectors of Id1 involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, we performed PCR-select subtractive hybridization on wild-type and Id1 knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Here we demonstrate that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, is a target of transcriptional repression by Id1. We also show that Id1-null MEFs secrete an inhibitor of endothelial cell migration, which is completely inactivated by depletion of TSP-1. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed decreased neovascularization in matrigel assays in Id1-null mice compared to their wild-type littermates. This decrease was completely reversed by a TSP-1 neutralizing antibody. We conclude that TSP-1 is a major target for Id1 effects on angiogenesis.
The Multiple Contexts of Borders that Impact Telemedicine as a Healthcare Delivery Solution

For five decades, telemedicine—the use of communication technologies to provide health care at a distance—has improved access to health care for individuals who have previously had limited access. With the increasing number of health challenges across the globe, such as growing costs and limited health resources in rural areas, telemedicine is poised to be a platform to improve these problems. This paper examines telemedicine’s role in improving health care, and how it facilitates the redefining of borders. Examples of the way telemedicine has improved access to care for individuals living in remote locations are discussed, and these examples illustrate how telemedicine allows us to conceptualize political, geographical, technological, and economic borders in novel ways. Ethical issues, future directions, and policy considerations in telemedicine research are also highlighted.
Dihydroergotamine: role in the treatment of migraine.

Background: Dihydroergotamine belongs to the oldest migraine-specific drugs. Mainly used by headache experts today, its properties are unfamiliar to many physicians. Objective: To evaluate the modes of administration, effectiveness and safety profile of dihydroergotamine in the treatment of migraine. Methods: Searching Medline and available reviews on the topic. Results/conclusion: Evidence-based data are scarce. Parenteral dihydroergotamine seems to be as effective as or less effective than triptans with regard to pain control, but more effective than other drugs used in the treatment of attacks. The nasal spray is more effective than placebo, but less effective than triptans. Additional reports suggest that dihydroergotamine is particularly useful in migraineurs not satisfactorily responding to analgesics, in those with long attacks or headache recurrence, and those at risk of medication-overuse headache. Effectiveness of the oral formulation in migraine prevention is not substantiated by clinical trial...
Student teacher letters of reference: A critical analysis

Letters of reference are commonly used in acquiring a job in education. Despite serious issues of validity and reliability in writing and evaluating letters, there is a dearth of research that systematically examines the evaluation process and defines the constructs that define high quality letters. The current study used NVivo to examine 160 letters of reference to determine component constructs and relate these components to overall letter quality. Results suggest that testimonials are most predictive of overall letter quality. Implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.
Effects of chlorine dioxide on thyroid function in the African green monkey and the rat

In a previous study from this laboratory, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) treated drinking water depressed thyroxine (T4) levels in the African green monkey. The present study again demonstrated a decrease in T4 levels in the same species after 4 wk of oral exposure. However, after 8 wk of treatment T4 levels rebounded to above pretreatment levels, coinciding with an increase in thyroid radioiodide uptake. This T4 rebound phenomenon and increased iodide uptake may be due to a compensatory endocrinological mechanism. In rats, T4 levels dropped during the 8-wk ClO2 treatment period in a dose-dependent manner, and no rebound effect was observed. Iodide uptake values in the rat were not affected. It appears that ClO2 may have an effect on thyroid function in both species.
Dynamic plane stress computations for large plastic deformations

There are many two-dimensional computer codes available to compute wave propagation and plastic flow in solids. These codes are based on finite element or finite difference algorithms and are generally capable of analysing both axisymmetric and plane strain geometries. For the direct integration codes such as EPIC-2,1,2 it is possible to perform plane stress computations by making only minor modifications to the plane strain algorithm. This note describes these modifications and presents an example.
Photoproduction of K0Σ+ with CLAS

Abstract This analysis of Hall-B data from Jefferson Lab comprises the first high-statistics data on K 0 Σ + photoproduction off the proton in the photon energy range from 1.15 to 2.35 GeV. In the energy range where previous data existed, the differential and total cross sections has the same angular shape but is significantly lower in magnitude as reported from previous experiments. Extensive systematic studies were performed to verify the results.
Computational fluid dynamics: Solidifying fluid concepts in left ventricular assist device therapy

T X 19. Boussel L, Rayz V,Martin A, Acevedo-Bolton G, LawtonMT, Higashida R, et al. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements in intracranial aneurysms in vivo of flow patterns, velocity fields, and wall shear stress: comparison with computational fluid dynamics. Magn Reson Med. 2009;61:409-17. 20. Petersson S, Dyverfeldt P, Ebbers T. Assessment of the accuracy of MRI wall shear stress estimation using numerical simulations. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;36:128-38. 21. Davignon J, Ganz P. Role of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;109(23 Suppl 1):III27-32. 22. Dolan JM, Sim FJ, Meng H, Kolega J. Endothelial cells express a unique transcriptional profile under very high wall shear stress known to induce expansive arterial remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2012;302:C1109-18. 23. Bryant AS, Holman WL, Nanda NC, Vengala S, Blood MS, Pamboukian SV, et al. Native aortic valve insufficiency in patients with left ventricular assist devices. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:e6-8. 24. Cowger J, Pagani F, Haft J, Romano MA, Aaronson K, Kolias T. The development of aortic insufficiency in left ventricular assist device-supported patients. Circ Heart Fail. 2010;3:668-74.
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.

Contractile dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias associated with heart failure have been attributed to aberrant sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ cycling. The study of junctin (JCN) and histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein (HRC) becomes of particular importance since these proteins have been shown to be critical regulators of Ca2+ cycling. Specifically, JCN is a SR membrane protein, which is part of the SR Ca2+ release quaternary structure that also includes the ryanodine receptor, triadin and calsequestrin. Functionally, JCN serves as a bridge between calsequestrin and the Ca2+ release channel, ryanodine receptor. HRC is a SR luminal Ca2+ binding protein known to associate with both triadin and the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, and may thus mediate the crosstalk between SR Ca2+ uptake and release. Indeed, evidence from genetic models of JCN and HRC indicate that they are important in cardiophysiology as alterations in these proteins affect SR Ca2+ handling and cardiac function. In addition, downregulation of JCN and HRC may contribute to Ca2+ cycling perturbations manifest in the failing heart, where their protein levels are significantly reduced. This review examines the roles of JCN and HRC in SR Ca2+ cycling and their potential significance in heart failure.
Portal Vein Recanalization–Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Using the Transsplenic Approach to Achieve Transplant Candidacy in Patients with Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis

Abstract Purpose To present the transsplenic route as an alternative approach for portal vein recanalization–transjugular portosystemic shunt (PVR-TIPS) for chronic main portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in potential transplant candidates. Materials and Methods In 2013–2014, 11 consecutive patients with cirrhosis-induced chronic main PVT underwent transsplenic PVR-TIPS. All patients had been denied listing for transplant because of the presence of main PVT, a relative contraindication in this center. The patients were followed for adverse events. Portal vein patency was assessed at 1 month by splenoportography and every 3 months subsequently by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. After PVR-TIPS, patients were reviewed (and subsequently listed for transplant) at a weekly multidisciplinary conference. Results PVR-TIPS using the transsplenic approach was successful in all 11 patients with no major complications. Median age was 61 years (range, 33–67 y) and 9 of 11 patients (82%) were men. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was the leading cause of liver disease in 4 of 11 patients (36%), and hepatitis C was present in 4 of 11 patients (36%). Complete main PVT was found in 8 of 11 patients (73%). Of 11 patients, 4 (36%) had a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score > 18, and 8 (73%) had a baseline Child-Pugh score of 7–10. Minor adverse events occurred in 2 of 11 patients (fever, encephalopathy). At the end of the procedure, 5 of 11 patients (45%) exhibited some minor remaining thrombus in the portal vein; 3 of the 5 patients (60%) had complete thrombus resolution at 1 month, with the remaining 2 patients having resolution at 3 months (no anticoagulation was needed). Three patients underwent successful liver transplant with end-to-end anastomoses. Conclusions Transsplenic PVR-TIPS is a potentially safe and effective method to treat PVT and improve transplant candidacy.
Occupational adaptation model of professional development as applied to level II fieldwork.

Objective The purpose of this study was to test the validity of a model of professional development that was based on occupational adaptation. This model proposes that students have three classes of adaptive response behaviors available for use: primitive, transitional, and mature. Method Eight Level II fieldwork students were assigned to the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, for 12 weeks. Experienced fieldwork supervisors at the medical center developed a taxonomy of behavioral statements consistent with the developmental model's three classes of adaptive response behaviors. This taxonomy was converted to a student log in which supervisors rated the frequency with which the Level II fieldwork students exhibited these behaviors. Results The patterns of behaviors, which were represented graphically for each of the students, generally supported the predictions of the model. Students demonstrated all three classes of behaviors. Primitive and transitional behaviors emerged when the students experienced increased or unusual demands, even when the students' model behavior was mature. Students temporarily reverted to lower level behaviors when faced with situations that they perceived as too difficult or as too unfamiliar. Conclusion This model of professional development facilitates an understanding of students' development during their transition from classroom to practice setting. Generalization to other settings will require validation of the student log.
A 50-year record of NOx and SO2 sources in precipitation in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA

Ice-core samples from Upper Fremont Glacier (UFG), Wyoming, were used as proxy records for the chemical composition of atmospheric deposition. Results of analysis of the ice-core samples for stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N, ) and sulfur (δ34S, ), as well as and deposition rates from the late-1940s thru the early-1990s, were used to enhance and extend existing National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) data in western Wyoming. The most enriched δ34S value in the UFG ice-core samples coincided with snow deposited during the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens, Washington. The remaining δ34S values were similar to the isotopic composition of coal from southern Wyoming. The δ15N values in ice-core samples representing a similar period of snow deposition were negative, ranging from -5.9 to -3.2 ‰ and all fall within the δ15N values expected from vehicle emissions. Ice-core nitrate and sulfate deposition data reflect the sharply increasing U.S. emissions data from 1950 to the mid-1970s.
A longitudinal study of Chinese children and adolescents learning English in the United States

Ten native Chinese-speaking children and adolescents who immigrated to the United States between ages 5 and 16 were studied for 3 years. The changes in their language preferences, language environments, and proficiency in English, their second language (L2), as well as Chinese, their first language (L1), were measured quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants with arrival ages of 9 or younger switched their language preference from L1 to L2 within the first year, were exposed to a significantly richer L2 than L1 environment, and became more proficient in L2 than in L1. The older participants maintained their preference for L1 across the 3 years, were exposed to a significantly richer L1 than L2 environment, and maintained L1 as the more proficient language. Interactions among L1 proficiency, peer interactions, social abilities, and cultural preferences jointly influenced the dominant language switch or maintenance processes.
Novel Radiation Sources for Infrared to Gamma Rays

Novel Radiation Sources for Infrared to Gamma RaysR.H. PantellDepartment of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305There are a variety of methods for generating radiation in the range from infrared to gamma rays, and four different techniques using charged particle beams will be presented. The first three are considered as spontaneous emissions sources, and the last as a stimulated source. None of the approaches are likely to be suitable for insertion in a storage ring, since they all involve a significant alteration in particle trajectories.1. Transition radiation.Transition radiation occurs when a moving, charged particle encounters an interface across which there is a change in permittivity. ~3 For example, in moving from vacuum into a metal an electron establishes image charges in the metal giving rise to dipole emission. Dipole radiation is zero in the direction of motion, and for a relativisitic particle characterized by y, where y is tne ratio of particle energy to its rest energy, the angle 9 for maximum intensity is 9 = Y Tne emission cone is illustrated in Figure 1.
Writing-to-Learn in Undergraduate Science Education: A Community-Based, Conceptually Driven Approach

Despite substantial evidence that writing can be an effective tool to promote student learning and engagement, writing-to-learn (WTL) practices are still not widely implemented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, particularly at research universities. Two major deterrents to progress are the lack of a community of science faculty committed to undertaking and applying the necessary pedagogical research, and the absence of a conceptual framework to systematically guide study designs and integrate findings. To address these issues, we undertook an initiative, supported by the National Science Foundation and sponsored by the Reinvention Center, to build a community of WTL/STEM educators who would undertake a heuristic review of the literature and formulate a conceptual framework. In addition to generating a searchable database of empirically validated and promising WTL practices, our work lays the foundation for multiuniversity empirical studies of the effectiveness of WTL practices in advancing student learning and engagement.
Simulations of long-column flow experiments related to geologic carbon sequestration: effects of outer wall boundary condition on upward flow and formation of liquid CO2

Simulations of Long-Column Flow Experiments Related to Geologic Carbon Sequestration: Effects of Outer Wall Boundary Condition on Upward Flow and Formation of Liquid CO 2 C.M. Oldenburg, C. Doughty, C.A. Peters, and P.F. Dobson Earth Sciences Division 74-316C Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 Abstract Improving understanding of CO 2 migration, phase change, and trapping processes motivates development of large-scale laboratory experiments to bridge the gap between bench-scale experiments and field-scale studies. Critical to the design of such experiments are defensible configurations that mimic relevant subsurface flow scenarios. We use numerical simulation with TOUGH2/ECO2M and ECO2N to design flow and transport experiments aimed at understanding upward flows including the transition of CO 2 from super-critical to liquid and gaseous forms. These experiments are designed for a large-scale facility such as the proposed “Laboratory for Underground CO 2 Investigations” (LUCI). LUCI would consist of one or more long-column pressure vessels (LCPVs) several hundred meters in length filled with porous materials. An LCPV with an insulated outer wall corresponds to the column being at the center of a large upwelling plume. If the outer wall of the LCPV is assigned fixed temperature boundary conditions corresponding to the geothermal gradient, the LCPV represents a narrow upwelling through a fault or well. Numerical simulations of upward flow in the columns reveal complex temporal variations of temperature and saturation, including the appearance of liquid CO 2 due to expansion cooling. The results are sensitive to outer thermal boundary conditions. Understanding of the simulations is aided by time-series animations of saturation-depth profiles and trajectories through P-T (pressure-temperature) space with superimposed phase saturations. The strong dependence of flow on hydrologic properties and the lack of knowledge of three- phase relative permeability and hysteresis underlines the need for large-scale flow experiments to understand multiphase leakage behavior.
The neurobiology and neuroendocrinology of stress. Implications for post-traumatic stress disorder from a basic science perspective.

Stress is a condition of the mind and a factor in the expression of disease that differs among individuals. In post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic events can create a long-lasting state of physiologic reactivity that amplifies and exacerbates the effects of daily life events. The elevated activities of physiologic systems lead to wear and tear, called "allostatic load." It reflects not only the impact of life experiences but also of genes, individual life-style habits (e.g., diet, exercise, and substance abuse), and developmental experiences that set life-long patterns of behavior and physiologic reactivity. Hormones associated with stress and allostatic load protect the body in the short run and promote adaptation, but in the long run allostatic load causes changes in the body that lead to disease.
Using Aesthetic Assessments of Azalea Lace Bug (Heteroptera: Tingidae) Feeding Injury to Provide Thresholds for Pest Management Decisions

Research on consumer, grower, and landscape manager perception of azalea lace bug, Stephanitis pyrioides (Scott), feeding and on plant productivity parameters, including gas exchange and growth, has increased our understanding of the nature of feeding injury. These studies made it possible to develop decision-making guidelines for cost-effective maintenance of aesthetically pleasing azaleas. Criteria were considered for three management situations: a 0.41-ha (1-acre) nursery production system that may use either insecticidal soap, acephate, or imidacloprid to control lace bugs; a landscape planting of a group of 10 azaleas; or maintenance of a single azalea in the landscape. Lace bug thresholds were calculated using a hybrid economic injury level (EIL) formula. Pesticide application decisions were determined using survey-based data from grower, landscape manager, and consumer perceptions of unacceptably injured azaleas at point-of-purchase for the nursery situation. Additional landscape scenarios incorporated the perceptions of growers, landscape managers, and consumers for those levels of lace bug feeding-injury that prompted the desire for treatment. Hybrid EIL determinations are appropriate for lace bug management in landscape systems where landscape professionals manage large plantings of azaleas and as a component of pest management among nursery production systems. Aesthetic considerations are more appropriate in determining control thresholds among a few or individual azaleas in the landscape.