cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Membrane Behavior in Geosynthetic Clay Liners

The containment function of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) used for geoenvironmental applications can be enhanced if the GCLs exhibit semipermeable membrane behavior, or the ability of the GCL to restrict the migration of solutes (contaminants). In this regard, the potential for membrane behavior in traditional GCLs that rely upon the bentonite in the GCL as the primary hydraulic resisting component has been shown to be significant. This paper provides a summary of the results of research illustrating the significance of membrane behavior in GCLs, including the factors affecting the existence and magnitude of membrane behavior in GCLs. The presentation concludes with a discussion of the relevance of membrane behavior in GCLs for geoenvironmental containment applications.
Analyses and suggestions on developing and utilizing reasonably phosphate ore resources in China

On the basis of introducing the status of developing and utilizing phosphate ore resources in China, main problems presented in the development and utilization of phosphate ore resources in China were analyzed. Some reasonable suggestions on developing sustainably phosphate ore resources in China were put forward.
A new multiplex method for the diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders allowing simultaneous determination of plasma very-long-chain fatty acids, phytanic, pristanic, docosahexaenoic and bile acids by high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Peroxisomal disorders (PDs) present with wide phenotypic variability. An appropriate diagnosis requires a complete analysis of peroxisomal metabolites. We developed a multiplex LC-MS/MS method, using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization allowing the simultaneous determination in plasma of very-long-chain fatty acids, phytanic, pristanic, docosahexaenoic acids and di- and tri-hydroxycolestanoic bile acids. Two hundred microliters of plasma extracted with acetonitrile and 200μl extracted with hexane after an acid hydrolysis were combined, evaporated, dissolved in 10μl of methanol and analyzed. The acquisition was in negative-ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The method was validated analytically and clinically. Linearity was 0.1-200μmol/l for docosanoic, cis-13-docosenoic, tetracosanoic, cis-15-tetracosenoic and phytanic acids; 0.01-10μmol/l for hexacosanoic acid; 0.02-20μmol/l for di-hydroxycolestanoic, tri-hydroxycolestanoic and pristanic acids; 0.3-300μmol/l for docosahexaenoic acid. Intra-day and inter-day CVs were below 3.88 and 3.98 respectively for all compounds. Samples from patients with known peroxisomal disorders were compared with controls and the method allowed to confirm the diagnosis in all subjects with a 100% sensitivity. The advantage of this multiplex method is to allow in a single chromatographic run the simultaneous determination of a large number of peroxisome biomarkers with a simple preparative phase without derivatization.
Membrane dynamics during cellular wound repair

Cells rapidly reseal after damage, but how they do so is unknown. It has been hypothesized that resealing occurs due to formation of a patch derived from rapid fusion of intracellular compartments at the wound site. However, patching has never been directly visualized. Here we study membrane dynamics in wounded Xenopus laevis oocytes at high spatiotemporal resolution. Consistent with the patch hypothesis, we find that damage triggers rampant fusion of intracellular compartments, generating a barrier that limits influx of extracellular dextrans. Patch formation is accompanied by compound exocytosis, local accumulation and aggregation of vesicles, and rupture of compartments facing the external environment. Subcellular patterning is evident as annexin A1, dysferlin, diacylglycerol, active Rho, and active Cdc42 are recruited to compartments confined to different regions around the wound. We also find that a ring of elevated intracellular calcium overlaps the region where membrane dynamics are most evident and persists for several minutes. The results provide the first direct visualization of membrane patching during membrane repair, reveal novel features of the repair process, and show that a remarkable degree of spatial patterning accompanies damage-induced membrane dynamics.
A Factor Analysis Comparison of the ITPA and PLS with Mentally Retarded Children

The ITPA and PLS were administered to a stratified sample of 50 mentally retarded children in counterbalanced order. The intercorrelation matrix was subjected to a principle components factor analysis with a varimax rotation through 19 iteration cycles. Each of the 15 subtests of the 2 instruments had high loadings on 1 of 5 different factors. These were immediate recall of auditory symbols, general linguistic ability, imitation of a motor act, ability to make a gestural response to a verbal stimulus, and comprehension and/or expression.
The Science of Quality Improvement

In order to carry out meaningful PI in healthcare, it is important to understand the main methodologies and their origins. The philosophies used in PI in healthcare originated in the mechanized world of industry. In this chapter, an overview of the PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) cycle, Six Sigma, Lean, Lean Six Sigma, and the DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) frameworks will be provided, along with examples of published surgical QI projects that have made use of these methodologies. Though differences exist between these approaches, they all provide a step-wise, iterative approach to finding solutions to a defined and measurable problem.
Benchmarking Spark Machine Learning Using BigBench

Databases such as dashDB are adding High Speed Connectors for Spark to efficiently extract large volumes of data. This allows them to be combined with other unstructured data sources and perform Machine Learning (ML) on top of it. Machine Learning is a key ingredient for such use cases. In order to assess performance of the data connectors and machine language frameworks, we sought benchmarks that have the ability to scale the size of datasets to very large volumes and apply Machine Learning algorithms. After exploring several options, we found BigBench to be a good fit. In this paper, we talk about our experiences of using BigBench with special focus on its 5 Machine Learning queries and their default implementation in Spark. We discuss on how we could improve effectiveness of BigBench for benchmarking Machine Learning by avoiding bias and inclusion of real time analytics. We also think that there is scope for improving the coverage of Machine Learning by adding more use cases like Collaborative Filtering. Lastly, we share some interesting visualization of 4 ML queries using SPSS Modeler and our experiments on different Clustering and Classification algorithms.
How Does Marijuana Work IN the Brain

Building upon last month’s review of the endocannabinoid system (Buckland & Cunningham, 2013), we now take a closer look at marijuana, which, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, is the most commonly used illegal and addictive drug worldwide (http://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/marijuana). Unfounded scare tactics from the early 1900s, as well as social acceptance for this drug, have created a false sense of security regarding its use. How does marijuana work in the human brain, and are there reasons for concern? Marijuana is usually smoked, so it reaches the brain quickly and its effects can last for a couple of hours. Cocaine and amphetamine act directly on dopamine (DA) nerve terminals, leading to euphoria; whereas opioids, ethanol, and marijuana act on receptors located on GABA nerve terminals to increase dopamine levels. The psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), though marijuana contains hundreds of other known compounds, not as well researched as THC. THC works by binding to …
Expectancy of impairment attenuates marijuana-induced risk taking.

Abstract Background Marijuana use has been associated with increased risk-taking and impulsive behavior. While pharmacologic effects of marijuana can lead to inhibitory impairment, expectancy of potential impairment may result in compensatory behavioral response by decreasing impulsive decisions and risky behaviors. With the increases in marijuana use and related problems, a better understanding of the individual characteristics associated with marijuana intoxication and risky behavior is needed. This study examined the role of impairment expectancies in marijuana's acute effects on behavioral measures of impulsivity and risk-taking. Methods Participants (N = 136) were regular marijuana users. A balanced placebo design (BPD) was used crossing marijuana administration (i.e., 0% Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vs. 2.8% THC) with stimulus expectancy (i.e., Told Placebo vs. Told THC). Marijuana outcome expectancies were measured by self-report and dependent measures included a number of behavioral impulsivity tasks and the balloon analogue risk task (BART). Results Among participants who received THC, higher expectancies for cognitive-behavioral impairment (CBI) were related to lower risk-taking on the BART. Among those who received placebo, there was no association between CBI expectancies and BART performance. CBI expectancies did not moderate the stimulus expectancy effect on the BART nor drug or stimulus expectancy effects on impulsivity measures. Conclusions Results provide initial evidence that expectancies of greater impairment are associated with compensatory behavior on a risk-taking task under acute marijuana intoxication. Future studies should examine the role of impairment expectancies on risk behaviors of substantial public health concern, such as driving while under the influence of marijuana.
The Crossroads of Neural Stem Cell Development and Tumorigenesis

Isolated brain tumors contain cells that exhibit stem cell features and a tissue microenvironment bearing remarkable similarities to the normal neurogenic niche. This supports the idea that neural stem (NSCs) or progenitor cells, and their progeny are the likely tumor cell(s) of origin. This prompted the investigation of the relationship between NSCs/progenitors and the initiation of tumorigenesis. These studies led to the identification of common signaling machineries underlying NSC development and tumor formation, particularly those with known roles in proliferation and cell fate determination. This review will explore the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC behavior in the neurogenic niche of the forebrain, and how deregulation of the developmental potential of NSCs might contribute to tumorigenesis.
Chronic kidney disease and incident apparent treatment-resistant hypertension among blacks: Data from the Jackson Heart Study

It is unclear whether black patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) vs those without CKD who take antihypertensive medication have an increased risk for apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH). The authors analyzed 1741 Jackson Heart Study participants without aTRH taking antihypertensive medication at baseline. aTRH was defined as uncontrolled blood pressure while taking three antihypertensive medication classes or taking four or more antihypertensive medication classes, regardless of blood pressure level. CKD was defined as an albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Over 8 years, 20.1% of participants without CKD and 30.5% with CKD developed aTRH. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for aTRH comparing participants with CKD vs those without CKD was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.12-1.86). Participants with an albumin to creatinine ratio ≥30 vs <30 mg/g (hazard ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04-2.00) and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 45 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 and <45 vs ≥60mL/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.16-2.20] and 2.05 [95% CI, 1.28-3.26], respectively) were more likely to develop aTRH.
Resource Adaptation via Test-Based Software Minimization

Building software systems that adapt to changing resource environments is challenging: developers cannot anticipate all future situations that a software system may face, and even if they could, the effort required to handle such situations would often be too onerous for practical purposes. We propose a novel approach to allow a system to generate resource usage adaptations: use delta-debugging to generate versions of software systems that are 1-minimal with respect to satisfying various (labeled) subsets of a system's test suite. Many such variations will, while retaining core system functionality, use fewer resources. We describe an efficient tool for computing such variants and show how it reduces with respect to randomly selected subsets of Java class test suites, and propose an infrastructure in which this approach leads to a method for resource adaptation in the field. Using the NetBeans IDE, we demonstrate that even without additional infrastructure or heuristics, our approach is capable of quickly and cleanly removing a program's undo functionality, significantly reducing its resource usage, with no more effort than simply labeling three test cases asundo-related.
Constitutive multiple drug resistance in tumor stem cells

2047 Failure to eradicate cancer may be as fundamental as a misidentification of the target. Current therapies succeed at eliminating bulky disease and proliferating cells, but miss a tumor reservoir that leads to disease recurrence and metastasis. Advances in the understanding of normal tissue development and repair provide a basis for revisiting oncogenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and drug resistance. In order to test the hypothesis that tumor stem cells, small resting cells with the stem cell-like properties of self-renewal, protection, and apoptosis resistance, exist as rare populations in heterogeneous tumors, we used flow cytometry to simultaneously measure tumor and stem cell markers, and constitutive multiple drug resistance transporter expression and activity ( side population ) in cancer specimens (breast, ovarian, lung, colon, renal, prostate). We concentrated on pleural effusions and ascites, where analysis is not confounded by the presence of normal tissue stem cells. In all cases (n=28) we have succeeded in detecting cytokeratin+, ESA+, CD45-, MDR+ tumor cells of small resting morphology. Building on the findings of the Clarke laboratory, we have shown that these cells are contained within the tumorigenic CD44+/CD24 negative or dim population. Small resting tumor cells are cytokeratin dim, exclusively display P-gp (ABCC1) activity (rhodamine 123 transport) and also express the classical stem cell markers c-kit (CD117), Thy-1 (CD90) and the MDR transporter ABCG2 (BCRP1). This population represents the best candidate for the resting tumor stem cell and is present in pleural effusions at a frequency of ∼1/100,000 cells. In ovarian and breast cancer we have isolated this subset and demonstrated long-term in vitro clonogenicity at frequencies
III Computer-Generated Holograms: Techniques and Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the techniques and applications of computer-generated holograms. “Computer-generated holograms,” “synthetic holograms,” and “computer holograms” are terms used to refer to a class of holograms that are produced as graphical output from a digital computer. Given a mathematical description of a wavefront or an object represented by an array of points, the computer can calculate the amplitude transmittance of the hologram and display the result on a CRT or plot it on paper. Using photoreduced copy of the graphical output from a computer as holograms is only one of the many things that distinguish computer generated holograms from conventional ones. The computer-generated holograms have their greatest potential in the area of interferometry. They have been shown to be useful in supplementing existing methods of optical testing. Laser beam scanning is another promising area for computer-generated holograms. Holographic grating scanners are in many ways better than other mechanical mirror scanners.
Compression of Remotely Sensed Images using Self Organizing Feature Maps

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the compression of remotely sensed images using self-organizing feature maps. Data compression is one tool that can be used to help overcome data transmission bandwidth limitations. However, for experimental remote sensing data, lossless data compression is required for any data that is to be actually fully analyzed by the researcher utilizing the data. Nonetheless, highly lossy data compression can be used by a researcher who just needs to browse through a large number of data sets, and moderately lossy data compression can be used for the final selection of data sets to be fully analyzed. As more familiarity is gained with particular data sets, lossy data compression algorithms could be designed that give significant compression while losing only non-essential information, essentially the noise, and retaining all the scientifically significant information. One way this could be accomplished would be by designing the data compression scheme as an integral part of the information extraction process, wherein the data compression is a form of conditioning of the data for analysis. Among lossy compression techniques, there are four important classes: (1) predictive coding techniques, (2) transform techniques, (3) hybrid coding, and (4) vector quantization.
Hybrid-ARQ Schemes for Reliable and Secret Wireless Communications

Hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) schemes are revisited for a block fading wire-tap channel. Here, two legitimate users communicate over a block-fading channel in the presence of a passive eavesdropper who intercepts the transmissions through an independent block-fading channel. In this model, the transmitter obtains a 1-bit ACK/NACK feedback from the legitimate receiver via an error-free public channel. Both reliability and confidentiality of secure HARQ protocols are studied by joint consideration of channel coding, secrecy coding, and retransmission protocols. In particular, the error and secrecy performance of repetition time diversity (RTD) and incremental redundancy (INR) protocols are investigated based on Wyner code sequences. These protocols ensure that the confidential message is decoded successfully by the legitimate receiver and is kept completely secret from the eavesdropper for a set of channel realizations. It is illustrated that there exists a family of rate-compatible Wyner codes which ensure a secure INR protocol. Next, it also defines the connection outage and the secrecy outage probabilities that characterize the tradeoff between the reliability of the legitimate communication link and the confidentiality with respect to the eavesdropper's link, respectively. For a given connection/secrecy outage probability pair, an achievable throughput of secure HARQ protocols is derived for a block-fading channel. Finally, both asymptotic analysis and numerical calculations demonstrate the benefits of HARQ protocols to throughput and secrecy.
Somatic Hybridization Between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Tomato) and Solanum melongena L. (Eggplant)

Biotechnologies for plant improvement are of interest because they circumvent the limitations of traditional crop breeding. For example, somatic hybridization overcomes sexual incompatibility between species, and many somatic hybrids between combinations of a wide range of plant species have been reported (Bajaj 1994), including eggplant (Sihachakr et al. 1994).
Poetic Inquiry as a Research and Engagement Method in Natural Resource Science

Complex and “wicked” natural resource issues often require transdisciplinary research approaches–methods that span boundaries among disciplines and engage multiple sectors of society in the research process. Social-ecological systems approaches acknowledge the complexity of dynamics within and feedbacks between natural and social systems, but have insufficiently incorporated the subjective lived experience, agency, culture and power dynamics of people within these systems. We propose that poetic inquiry, together with poetry-based approaches to engagement and science translation, offers a novel set of methods for data generation, analysis, communication, and engagement for natural resource social scientists. We introduce arts-based research and poetic analysis, their benefits and criteria for quality, and reflect on the transformative potential of poetic inquiry. We present cases of poetic inquiry that disrupted hierarchies and humanized research by centering on the participants’ lived experience, evoking emotion, amplifying participants’ voices, fostering researcher reflexivity, and encouraging collaborative research and public scholarship.
The Relationship between Random Gap Detection and Hearing in Noise Test Performances.

BACKGROUND Temporal acoustic cues are particularly important for speech understanding, and past research has inferred a relationship between temporal resolution and speech recognition in noise ability. A temporal resolution disorder is thought to affect speech understanding abilities because persons would not be able to accurately encode these frequency transitions, creating speech discrimination errors even in the presence of normal pure-tone hearing. PURPOSE The primary purpose was to investigate the relationship between temporal resolution as measured by the Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) and speech recognition in noise performance as measured by the Hearing in Noise Test (HINT) in adults with normal audiometric thresholds. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between temporal resolution and spatial release from masking. RESEARCH DESIGN The HINT and RGDT protocols were administered under headphones according to the guidelines specified by the developers. The HINT uses an adaptive protocol to determine the signal-to-noise ratio where the participant recognizes 50% of the sentences. For HINT conditions, the target sentences were presented at 0° and the steady-state speech-shaped noise and a four-talker babble (4TB) was presented at 0°, +90°, or -90° for noise front, noise right, and noise left conditions, respectively. The RGDT is used to evaluate temporal resolution by determining the smallest time interval between two matching stimuli that can be detected by the participant. The RGDT threshold is the shortest time interval where the participant detects a gap. Tonal (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and click stimuli random gap subtests were presented at 60 dB HL. Tonal subtests were presented in a random order to minimize presentation order effects. STUDY SAMPLE Twenty-one young, native English-speaking participants with normal pure-tone thresholds (≤25 dB HL for 500-4000 Hz) participated in this study. The average age of the participants was 20.2 years (SD = 0.66). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Spearman rho correlation coefficients were conducted using SPSS 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to determine the relationships between HINT and RGDT thresholds and derived measures (spatial advantage and composite scores). Nonparametric testing was used because of the ordinal nature of RGDT data. RESULTS Moderate negative correlations (p < 0.05) were found between eight RGDT and HINT threshold measures and a moderate positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between RGDT click thresholds and HINT 4TB spatial advantage. This suggests that as temporal resolution abilities worsened, speech recognition in noise performance improved. These correlations were not statistically significant after the p value reflected the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION The results of the present study imply that the RGDT and HINT use different temporal processes. Performance on the RGDT cannot be predicted from HINT thresholds or vice versa.
An Investigation of Bifurcation Acoustic Treatment Effects on Aft-Fan Engine Nacelle Noise

Increasing air traffic and more stringent aircraft noise regulations continue to expand requirements on aircraft noise reduction capabilities for conventional and unconventional aircraft configurations. A major component of the overall aircraft noise is the sound associated with the propulsion system mounted in the engine nacelle. Acoustic liners mounted in the aircraft engine nacelles provide a significant portion of the current fan noise reduction. However, they must be further optimized if challenging noise reduction goals are to be achieved. One area within the aft bypass duct that may be an excellent candidate for increased attention is the acoustic treatment on the engine bifurcations (i.e., engine pylon and lower bifurcation). This paper describes a fundamental study of the effects of bifurcation treatment on simulated aft fan noise, as well as the validation of numerical tools to predict such effects. Five bifurcation configurations (four treated and one hardwall) were fabricated and tested in the NASA Langley Curved Duct Test Rig. Results show that mode scattering may occur due to both the presence of the bifurcation, as well as variable impedance distributions on the bifurcation surface. Future work will also include optimization of bifurcation treatments for testing in the Curved Duct Test Rig. These initial results are promising and this work provides valuable information for further study and improvement of the performance of bifurcation acoustic treatments.
Platform Tokenization: Financing, Governance, and Moral Hazard

This paper highlights two channels through which blockchain-enabled tokenization can alleviate moral hazard frictions between founders, investors, and users of a platform: token financing and decentralized governance. We consider an entrepreneur who uses outside financing and exerts private effort to build a platform, and users who decide whether to join in response to the platform's dynamic transaction fee policy. We first show that raising capital by issuing tokens rather than equity mitigates effort under-provision because the payoff to equity investors depends on profit, whereas the payoff to token investors depends on transaction volume, which is less sensitive to effort. Second, we show that decentralized governance associated with tokenization eliminates a potential holdup of platform users, which in turn alleviates the need to provide users with incentives to join, reducing the entrepreneur's financing burden. The downside of tokenization is that it puts a cap on how much capital the entrepreneur can raise. Namely, if tokens are highly liquid, i.e., they change hands many times per unit of time, their market capitalization is small relative to the NPV of the platform profits, limiting how much money one can raise by issuing tokens rather than equity. If building the platform is expensive, this can distort the capacity investment. The resulting trade-off between the benefits and costs of tokenization leads to several predictions regarding adoption.
Theoretical transmissions for X-ray computed tomography studies of lithium-ion battery cathodes

Abstract X-ray computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a powerful tool for the 3D characterisation of materials. However, in order to obtain a useful tomogram, sufficient image quality should be achieved in the radiographs before reconstruction into a 3D dataset. The ratio of signal- and contrast-to-noise (SNR and CNR, respectively) quantify the image quality and are largely determined by the transmission and detection of photons that have undergone useful interactions with the sample. Theoretical transmission can be predicted if only a few variables are known: the material chemistry and penetrating thickness e.g. the particle diameter. This work discusses the calculations required to obtain transmission values for various Li(NiXMnYCoZ)O2 (NMC) lithium-ion battery cathodes. These calculations produce reference plots for quick assessment of beam parameters when designing an experiment. This is then extended to the theoretical material thicknesses for optimum image contrast. Finally, the theoretically predicted transmission is validated through comparison to experimentally determined values. These calculations are not exclusive to NMC, nor battery materials, but may be applied as a framework to calculate various sample transmissions and therefore may aid in the design and characterisation of numerous materials.
The Stepford wife gets smart

In The Smart Wife, Yolande Strengers and Jenny Kennedy explore the many forms, representations, and roles played by "smart wife" technologies, which include feminized robots, digital voice assistants, virtual helpers, and other smart devices that have been designed to take over what Arlie Hochschild coined "the second shift" of unpaid household labor.
Parent-child relationship quality and emotional adjustment among college students: The role of parental financial support:

Many emerging adults experience increases in well-being as they exit adolescence, but college students are at particular risk for emotional adjustment problems, including depression and anxiety. Al...
Association of Receipt of Antibiotics with Patient Satisfaction for Caregivers of Children Presenting to Urgent-Care Settings

Background: The Press Ganey (PG) Medical Practice Survey is a commonly used questionnaire for measuring patient experience in healthcare. Our objective was to evaluate the PG surveys completed by caregivers of children presenting for urgent care evaluation of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) to determine any correlation with receipt of antibiotics during their visit. Methods: We evaluated responses to the PG urgent-care surveys for encounters of children 25th percentile). Univariate and multivariable generalized mixed-effects logistic regression was used to assess correlates of patient dissatisfaction. Random intercepts were included for each provider to account for correlation within the same provider. Separate models were used for each PG component score. Multivariable models adjusted for receipt of antibiotics, age, gender, race, ethnicity, and provider type. Results: Overall, 388 of 520 responses (74.6%) indicated satisfaction and 132 responses (25.4%) indicated dissatisfaction. Among patients who did not receive antibiotics, 87 of 284 responses (30.6%) indicated dissatisfaction versus 45 of 236 (19.1%) who did receive antibiotics. Among patients who were dissatisfied with their clinician, raw clinician PG scores were higher among patients who received antibiotics (mean, 64.5; standard deviation [SD], 16.9) versus those who did not receive antibiotics (mean, 54.7; SD, 24.4; P = .015) (Table 1). In a multivariable analysis, receipt of antibiotics was associated with a reduction in patient dissatisfaction overall (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36–0.85). Conclusions: Overall, most responses for patients seen for ARIs in pediatric urgent care were satisfied. However, a significantly higher proportion of responses for patients who did not receive antibiotics were dissatisfied than for those patients who received antibiotics. Antibiotic stewardship strategies to communicate appropriate prescribing while preserving patient satisfaction are needed in pediatric urgent-care settings. Funding: None Disclosures: None
Attributing and Detecting Fake Images Generated by Known GANs

The quality of GAN-generated fake images has improved significantly, and recent GAN approaches, such as StyleGAN, achieve near indistinguishability from real images for the naked eye. As a result, adversaries are attracted to using GAN-generated fake images for disinformation campaigns and fraud on social networks. However, training an image generation network to produce realistic-looking samples remains a time-consuming and difficult problem, so adversaries are more likely to use published GAN models to generate fake images. In this paper, we analyze the frequency domain to attribute and detect fake images generated by a known GAN model. We derive a similarity metric on the frequency domain and develop a new approach for GAN image attribution. We conduct experiments on four trained GAN models and two real image datasets. Our results show high attribution accuracy against real images and those from other GAN models. We further analyze our method under evasion attempts and find the frequency-based approach is comparatively robust. In this paper, we analyze the frequency domain to attribute and detect fake images generated by a known GAN model. We derive a similarity metric on the frequency domain and develop a new approach for GAN image attribution. We conduct experiments on four trained GAN models and two real image datasets. Our results show high attribution accuracy against real images and those from other GAN models. We further analyze our method under evasion attempts and find the frequency-based approach is comparatively robust.
A comparison of annual forages and stockpiled pasture on the growth and health parameters of grazing fall-born lambs

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of annual forages on the growth and parasite resilience of growing, fall-born lambs. We hypothesized that lambs grazing annual forages would increase their body weight (BW) at a greater rate and be more resilient to parasitic infection when compared with lambs grazing on stockpiled pasture. A total of 54, 60-day-old Dorset and Suffolk × Dorset crossbred lambs (24 ± 4.9 kg) were stratified by sex, weight, and randomly assigned to one of three grazing treatments with all lambs weaned at an average of 60 days of age and placed on either: 1.) Avena sativa (oat), 2.) Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa (turnip), or 3.) Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) (permanent tall fescue-based) pastures. In terms of lamb growth, lambs grazing turnips demonstrated greater BW on days 42 and 56 when compared with lambs grazing oat and stockpiled pastures. In addition, lambs grazing turnips had a greater average daily gain (ADG) on days 28 and 42 when compared with lambs grazing oat and stockpiled pastures. Furthermore, on day 42, lambs grazing stockpiled pastures had a greater ADG when compared with lambs grazing oat pastures. For indices of parasitism, there were no differences shown between treatments for lamb FAMACHA© eye score, packed cell volume, and total plasma protein concentration. However, lambs grazing oat pastures had less eggs per gram of feces on days 28, 42, and 56 when compared with lambs grazing turnips and stockpiled pastures. Annual forages can play a critical role in the growth and resilience to parasitic infection of grazing lambs, as lambs grazing on turnips demonstrated the greatest BW and ADG whereas lambs grazing on oat pastures shed fewer fecal eggs per gram of feces.
Simulation Research on Choas Circuit in the Electronic Equipment of Power System

This paper does some summarized research on continuous dynamical systems about non-linear electric circuit. Some theoretical analyses and simulations also have been done on the basis of classical chaos models. To the continuous dynamical systems, some basic researches about Chua non-linear electric circuit and Vanderpol equation has been carried out. Finally, considering abundant the chaos phenomenon existing in the power electronic equipment of power system, Buck electric circuit has been discussed, and the chaos phenomenon exists in the circuit indeed.
A New Species of Comones Noyes and Woolley (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), A Parasitoid of Flat Grass Scale, Aclerda takahashii Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aclerdidae), A New Pest on Sugarcane in Florida

Comones dulcis Mottern new species is described from specimens reared from flat grass scale, Aclerda takahashii Kuwana, on sugarcane in Palm Beach County, Florida. The new species exhibits considerable size variation and apparent allometric scaling of body parts that are often used for encyrtid species diagnosis. Therefore, both morphological and molecular data are presented to describe and diagnose the species. Photographs of the congeners C. ferrierei (Burks) and C. gastron (Walker)_ are included for comparison. Prospects for incorporating C. dulcis into a biological control program targeting flat grass scale are discussed.
Iron-Content-Dependent, Quasi-Static Dielectric Resonances and Oxidative Transitions in Bornite and Chalcopyrite Copper Iron Sulfide Nanocrystals

Manipulation of material composition can often induce unprecedented optoelectronic changes in semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). Here, we demonstrate that bornite-phase copper iron sulfide (Cu5FeS4)...
'Scrambling to figure out what to do': a mixed method analysis of COVID-19's impact on sexual and reproductive health and rights in the United States.

Objective A weak and politicised COVID-19 pandemic response in the United States (US) that failed to prioritise sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) overlaid longstanding SRHR inequities. In this study we investigated how COVID-19 affected SRHR service provision in the US during the first 6 months of the pandemic. Methods We used a multiphase, three-part, mixed method approach incorporating: (1) a comprehensive review of state-by-state emergency response policies that mapped state-level actions to protect or suspend SRHR services including abortion, (2) a survey of SRHR service providers (n=40) in a sample of 10 states that either protected or suspended services and (3) in-depth interviews (n=15) with SRHR service providers and advocacy organisations. Results Twenty-one states designated some or all SRHR services as essential and therefore exempt from emergency restrictions. Protections, however, varied by state and were not always comprehensive. Fourteen states acted to suspend abortion. Five cross-cutting themes surrounding COVID-19’s impact on SRHR services emerged across the survey and interviews: reductions in SRHR service provision; shifts in service utilisation; infrastructural impacts; the critical role of state and local governments; and exacerbation of SRHR inequities for certain groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates serious disruptions to the provision of SRHR care that exacerbated existing SRHR inequities. The presence or absence of policy protections for SRHR services had critical implications for providers and patients. Policymakers and service providers must prioritise and integrate SRHR into emergency preparedness planning and implementation, with earmarked funding and tailored service delivery for historically oppressed groups.
Seed germination of roundleaf buffaloberry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) and silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) in three substrates.

Many western native plant species occur in areas characterized by well-drained soils low in organic matter. Some drought-tolerant native plant species exhibit poor seed germination. It was hypothesized that traditional growing substrates high in organic matter may impede their germination; therefore, stratified seeds of roundleaf buffaloherry (Shepherdia rotundifolia) and silver buffaloberry (Shepherdia argentea) were sown in three substrates differing in organic matter and drainage properties. Seed flats were irrigated twice daily to container capacity, and held on a greenhouse bench for 40 days. Seeds of roundleaf buffaloberry exhibited greatest total germinal ion in a calcined montmorillonite calcined clay substrate (66%); seeds exhibited low germination in a commercial peatbased germination mix (13%) and in a self-prepared, locally popular substrate (22%) that contained sphagnum peat:perlite:calcined clay:sand (2:2:1:1 by vol). Seed germination of silver buffaloberry varied from 42 to 54% and was not different among the three substrates. When substrates are kept consistently moist, a calcined-clay substrate can improve germination of roundleaf buffaloberry, but not silver buffaloberry.
Formation of Particulates by Ion Bombardment of Cryogenic Ice Mixtures

The irradiation of ices with charged particles is a technique utilized to study in the laboratory, molecular systems that may be of relevance to astrophysical questions (Moore and Donn 1982, Brown et cd. 1982, Pirronello et al. 1982, Haring et al. 1983, Foti et al. 1984, de Vries et al. 1984, Johnson et al. 1984, and Lanzerotti et al. 1987). We have adapted a Van de Graaff accelerator capable of accelerating various ions under a potential of up to 400 kV, for such experiments by constructing a target chamber that incorporates a closed cycle cryostat, quadrupole mass spectrometer, and optical windows for spectroscopy and observation (Wdowiak et al. 1985). Utilizing the model for the ζ Ophiuchi cloud calculated by Black and Dalgarno (1977) and an observational determination of the interstellar argon abundance (Simpson et al. 1986), we have utilized a mixture of gases (Table 1) that reflects cosmic molecular abundances in experiments where 200 Torr liters of the mixture is frozen as a ~750 µm matrix on a 2.5 cm diameter sapphire disk at 10 K.
Accuracy of fluoroscopic localization of the Crista terminalis documented by intracardiac echocardiography.

The crista terminalis is an important anatomic target for ablation of atrial arrhythmias. We determined the accuracy of catheter placement guided by fluoroscopy alone when directed to 24 sites along the crista terminalis in 6 patients. The sites selected included the most medial superior, most lateral superior, mid lateral, and most inferolateral sites along the crista terminalis in each patient. These sites were selected because of their recognized importance in sinus node and/or atrial tachycardia ablation and the importance of avoiding caval structures when targeting the most superior and/or inferior right atrium. The position of the catheter tip was documented using a catheter based ultrasound transducer in the right atrium or vena cava. The operator was blinded to the intracardiac echocardiographic (ICE) results until reviewing the images after the procedure in each patient.
Transpacific and regional atmospheric transport of anthropogenic semivolatile organic compounds to Cheeka Peak Observatory during the spring of 2002

[1] Ambient high-volume (hi-vol) air samples were collected between 15 March and 30 May 2002, at Cheeka Peak Observatory (CPO), located on the tip of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. This sampling campaign was in conjunction with the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) campaign and the Photochemical Ozone Budget of the Eastern North Pacific Atmosphere 2 (PHOEBA2) experiment. The anthropogenic semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) measured during this time period included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and various U.S. current-use and historical-use pesticides. The total PAH concentration ranged from 0.480 to 4.49 ng/m3, which is comparable to other remote sites throughout the globe. Ten pesticides (hexachlorobenzene, dacthal, chlorothalonil, heptachlor, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, endosulfan I, triallate, trifluralin, and mirex) were also measured, and their concentrations (0.104–57.0 pg/m3) were comparable to other remote sites and less than agricultural areas. Gas-phase/particle-phase partitioning was explored, with significant correlation to temperature found with endosulfan I and retene and the possible relationship at CPO of low TSP concentration and the concentration of nonexchangeable compounds in the particle phase. Principal component analysis, as well as a t-test, showed that there were elevated concentrations of anthropogenic SOCs measured during possible transpacific events on 15–16 March, 27–28 March, and 22–23 April 2002 that were identified using the GEOS-CHEM model. The potential sources of these compounds at CPO were determined using diagnostic ratios of their concentrations, back trajectories calculated using Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT4), local meteorological conditions, and U.S. pesticide use data. Additional data are needed to confirm the sources of anthropogenic SOCs at CPO during regional and transpacific atmospheric transport events.
A Tutorial Program: Collaboration Between Preservice and Inservice Teachers

Many elementary school teachers face severe time constraints working individually with students who need extra help or attention in mathematics. Sometimes, children who need this attention do not receive it. At the same time, critics of teacher education programs contend that preservice teachers do not receive enough hands-on experience teaching children. The Mathematics Tutorial Program is one attempt to address both of these issues. In this program, elementary grade children are identified by their classroom teachers as needing extra help in mathematics. They are paired with preservice elementary school teachers. Each preservice teacher tutors one or more elementary children for two 30-minute sessions each week for 6 to 24 weeks. They use manipulatives and a hands-on approach. The tutors reported professional gains from their contacts with classroom teachers, mathematics educators, and elementary children. Classroom teachers involved with the program commented on the children's improved selfesteem and confidence in mathematics. The children eagerly looked forward to the time with their tutors.
The advanced mask CD MTT control using dry etch process for sub 65 nm tech

As the design rule of the semiconductor circuit shrinks, the specification for photomask becomes tighter. So, more precise control of CD MTT (Critical Dimension Mean to Target) is required. We investigated the CD MTT control of the attenuated PSM (Phase Shift Mask) by additional Cr dry etch. In conventional process, it is difficult to control CD MTT precisely because about 5 factors - Blank Mask, E-beam writing, Resist develop, Cr dry etch, MoSiN dry etch - affect CD MTT error. We designed the new process to control CD MTT precisely. The basic concept of the new process is to reduce the number of factors which affect the CD MTT error. To correct CD MTT error in the new process, we measured CD before MoSiN dry etch, and then additional corrective Cr dry etch and MoSiN dry etch was performed. So, the factors affecting CD MTT error are reduced to 2 steps, which is additional corrective Cr dry etch and MoSiN dry etch. The reliability of CD measurement before MoSiN dry etch was evaluated. The generable side-effect of the additional corrective Cr dry etch was analyzed. The relationship between 'CD shift' and 'additional corrective Cr dry etch time' was found for various patterns. As a result, accurate CD MTT control and significant decrease of CD MTT error for attenuated PSM is achieved.
Conservative and dissipative interactions in dynamic force microscopy

Dynamic force microscopy has proved to be a powerful imaging tool. Here, the tip of an atomic force microscope is vibrated at a high frequency, typically the resonance frequency of the lever sensor, and at a large vibration amplitude, typically of the order of 10 nm. Imaging contrast is obtained from measuring shifts of the resonance frequency, which provides information on conservative interactions, and of the Q-factor, which is sensitive to dissipative interactions. Problems associated with interaction sensing are discussed from a theoretical and an experimental point of view. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gingival Autografts as an Adjunct to Removable Partial Dentures

Partial dentures often stress the tissues that support them. Two cases are described in which gingival autografts were used to restore the eroded tissue.
Soft printing of droplets pre-metered by electrowetting

Abstract This paper presents a new way of printing liquid droplets, supported by electrical control of surface wettability and geometric utilization of surface tension effects. The printing is performed through contact between liquid droplets and a solid printing surface without any solid-to-solid contact or ejection of a droplet, thus called “soft printing.” The droplets are formed, i.e., pre-metered or digitized, by electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) inside the printing head so that the conditions of the printing surface and the environment do not affect the volume of the printed droplet. Testing devices that feature EWOD-based active digitization and transportation of droplets along with geometry-based passive printing processes have been developed through micromachining processes. The device demonstrated successful printings of multiple water and DNA solution droplets (∼ 100 nl) with no dead volume remaining in the reservoirs.