cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conformations of oligosilanes with ethyl and methyl substituents

Abstract Low-energy conformations of 2,3-diethyloctamethyl- m -tetrasilane Me 3 SiSiMeEtSiMeEtSiMe 3 (R,R= 1 , R,S= 2 ) and 2,2,3,3-tetraethylhexamethyl- m -tetrasilane Me 3 SiSiEt 2 SiEt 2 SiMe 3 ( 3 ) have been examined by geometry optimization at the MM3, HF/6-31G ∗ and MP2/6-31G ∗ ( 1 and 2 ) and the MM3 and HF/3-21G ∗ ( 3 ) levels. Single-point MP2/6-31G ∗ //HF/3-21G ∗ energies of conformers of 3 have also been obtained. Six clans of favored backbone conformations of 3 have been identified, with SiSiSiSi dihedral angles ω =∼±40° (C ± , cisoid ), ∼±60° (G ± , gauche ), ∼±90° (O ± , ortho ), ∼±150° (D ± , deviant ), ∼±165° (T ± , transoid ), and ∼180° (A, anti ). Each clan contains many conformers differing in the arrangement of substituent ethyl groups; each arrangement defines a family. A family generally contains five to eight members belonging to different clans. The ethyl group arrangements that produce the A, D ± and C ± backbone conformations, which do not occur in permethylated oligosilanes, have been investigated in greatest detail. Implications for the conformational analysis of general peralkylated polysilanes are noted.
Experiments on a Superposition Approximation for Wiener Path Integrals

Abstract The pair correlation function for He 4 gas is calculated in the following way: Two- and three-particle Slater sums are expressed in terms of Wiener path integrals. The three-particle path integral is approximated by a product of two-particle path integrals. From tabular values of these path integrals obtained previously, the pair correlation function is obtained by quadrature. Comparison is made with existing calculations employing the three-particle term.
Common Image Gathers In the Plane-wave Domain: A Prestack Gaussian Beam Migration Algorithm

Prestack depth migration is a popular tool for velocity updating. A good migration method usually improves the performance of a velocity update. Gaussian beam migration is a desirable alternative to Kirchhoff migration due to its ability to image complicated geologic structures without loss of either accuracy or efficiency. Gaussian beam migration is often used in depth imaging, and is a potential tool for model building. In this paper we present a prestack plane-wave Gaussian beam depth migration algorithm which provides common image gathers for velocity analysis in the plane-wave domain. The algorithm may be performed with either common-offset gathers or commonshot gathers. Applying the imaging condition in the timedomain is more efficient than in the frequency domain. Common-offset migration is more efficient and accurate than common-shot migration with a time-domain imaging condition. Computational efficiency is an important factor in depth-migration based model building since velocity updating requires iterative migration processing. To speed up the algorithm with common-shot data, we ignore the amplitude of the shot field to efficiently apply the imaging condition in the time domain. With synthetic data sets, we test the proposed algorithm and illustrate its potential use for velocity updating with complex media. Our results are consistent with the expectation that in the plane-wave domain, the events in a common-image gather are sensitive to model velocity and interface inclination, while the imaged event contours are flat when the true velocity is used.
Computational investigation of combustion instabilities in a laboratory-scale LDI gas turbine engine

Abstract : Self-excited combustion instabilities in a lean direct injection (LDI) gas turbine combustor are computationally investigated. The model LDI combustor under study was developed to produce combustion dynamics on demand using a single LDI element in an axisymmetric combustor. Three simulation cases for this combustor are considered: non-reacting and reacting flow in an acoustically open combustor and reacting flow in an acoustically closed combustor. We studied the dynamic flow features in the LDI combustor for both cases and investigated the important modes using a dynamic mode decomposition method. Precessing vortex core (PVC) instabilities are indicated as the critical hydrodynamic mode and lead to strong spray and flame response. In the acoustically close chamber simulation, we were able to capture self-excited combustion instabilities and the dominant modes from simulations, which qualitatively agree with the experimental results. The appearance of pressure peaks in both simulation and experiment at about 1400 Hz corresponding to the 4L acoustic mode and at 6000 Hz are explained by the nonlinear coupling of the PVC and acoustics modes and the associated feedback loop.
Urinary Excretion of Radioactive Na and K in Adrenalectomized Rats, With and Without Salt.∗†

Summary(1) Radioactive isotopes of sodium and potassium furnish a new method of study of the physiology of the adrenal cortex. (2) Adrenalectomized rats, unsupported by salt treatment, have an increased total sodium excretion and increased rate of excretion of administered radioactive sodium when contrasted with normal animals; the reverse is true of potassium. (3) Simple access to a 1% solution of table salt enables adrenalectomized rats to handle sodium and potassium in a way resembling that of normal rats.
The impact of formally documented NPD processes, decision-making centralisation and NPD performance on organisational competitiveness

The focus of our research is to better understand factors that appear to impact the success of new products. We specifically investigate what happens to four measures of new product success when viewed through the lenses of several important factors associated with the NPD process. We suggest that a workable understanding of factors that discriminate between more and less successful new products can increase a firm's competitiveness. Survey instruments were received from NPD managers employed by 91 firms that were randomly selected from a sampling frame of 415 organisations primarily operating in the US medical devices industry. Our research suggests a firm's decision making centralisation and an organisation's new product development (NPD) process formalisation and documentation do not discriminate between the more successful and less successful products in the medical devices industry. Moreover, overall marketing performance does not discriminate between more successful and less successful products but technical performance does.
Manipulating the Electrolyte Medium to Favor Either One-Electron or Two-Electron Oxidation Pathways for (Fulvalendiyl)dirhodium Complexes

The anodic oxidations of three compounds having two Rh-containing moieties linked by a fulvalendiyl (Fv) dianion have been studied in varying electrolyte media. Following the integrated approach to manipulation of solvents and supporting electrolytes (Barriere, F.; Geiger, W. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc., in press), ΔE1/2 values (ΔE1/2 = E1/2(2) − E1/2(1)) of the successive one-electron oxidations of the neutral compounds to the corresponding dications were altered to either favor or disfavor the disproportionation of the mixed-valent intermediate. In the cases of Rh2Fv(CO)4 (1) and Rh2Fv(CO)2(μ-dppm) (2) [Fv = C10H8, dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane], replacing the [PF6]- supporting electrolyte anion with [B(C6F5)]- in CH2Cl2 changed the voltammograms from those of a single two-electron wave (having “inverted” E1/2 potentials) to those of two distinct “normal” one-electron waves. In the case of Rh2Fv(COD)2 (3, COD = C8H12), both the solvent and supporting electrolyte were changed to manipulate ΔE1/2 between ...
Lipid-lowering medication and risk of injury.

Abstract Meta-analyses of early primary prevention trials of lipid-lowering therapies suggested increased risk of injury deaths among treated persons. Our population-based case-control study examined the association of lipid-lowering medication use with fatal and nonfatal injuries in 298 cases and 332 controls. No increased injury risk was observed among current (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.18–1.21) or past users (OR = .92, 95% CI 0.44–1.95), after adjustment for behavioral disorders, medical conditions, and health status. Stratified analyses did not reveal sub-groups at significantly increased risk. These results, consistent with recent clinical trials and meta-analyses, suggest no increased injury risk associated with lipid-lowering medications.
Comparative Biological Effectiveness of the Gibberellins

SINCE the isolation1 of gibberellin A (later identified2 as a mixture of gibberellins A 1, A 2 and A 3) and more recently the discovery3 of gibberellin A 4, numerous physiological responses have been induced in plants4 with the gibberellins. Takahashi et al. 2 reported that A 1, A 2 and A 3 all possessed strong physiological activities in stimulating the elongation of rice seedlings. Apart from this reference, the gibberellins have not been evaluated in terms of specific biological activities. The comparative effectiveness of gibberellins A 1, A 2, A 3 and A 4 and the methyl esters of A 1 and A 3 in promoting vegetative extension, flowering of facultative long-day annuals and in fruit setting is now reported5.
Love and Healing

Abstract This article develops the theme of healing as removing that which is alien to the human being. This notion of healing is consonant with two aspects of love: affirming the self in its proper or authentic state, and restoring the wounded self to that state. Christianity owes much to the contributions of the ancient Greeks on this subject, but greatly surpasses them in its recognition of the critical importance of the body and the supreme value of love.
Induction of antigen cross-presentation by Toll-like receptors

Cross-presentation is the pathway by which exogenous antigens are routed for presentation on MHC class I for activation of CD8+ T cells. This pathway is important for the development of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against tumors and infectious pathogens that do not directly infect APC. We review studies showing that certain Toll-like receptors mediate cross-presentation by dendritic cells, initiating cytosolic processing of antigen after inducing dendritic cell maturation. The implications of these studies for understanding CD8+ T cell activation and implementing novel vaccine strategies is considered.
The Peacetime Army, 1900-1941: A Research Guide

Series Foreword by Roger J. Spiller Chronology Research Ideas Bibliography: 1900-1917 1919-1941 Index
Integral Quadratic Constraints for Nonnegative Uncertainties

Abstract This paper presents some preliminary results on robust stability analysis of positive systems. A general analysis framework with Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQC) is refined for nonnegative uncertain systems. Based on this framework, a new approach for robust control design is proposed. The new framework not only enables a stability analysis of a positive systems, but also suggests new robust control design strategy for systems which has nothing to do with the positive systems at first glance. An example is shown in which such a control design method provides a sharper result than the control design using existing IQC techniques.
An excluded volume effect in light scattering

An expression for the intensity of light scattered by an isolated linear polymer chain with excluded volume has been evaluated for conditions corresponding to those met in experiment. The expression proves to be an excellent approximation to light scattering results for a very high molecular weight polystyrene fraction, thus providing an explanation for what appeared to be an anomalously large polydispersity when the data were treated according to the usual random flight model. Coil sizes were calculated and compared with the values obtained from the data by other methods.
Current status of myocardial perfusion imaging after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Abstract Controversy exists with regard to the diagnostic accuracy and optimal technique of myocardial perfusion imaging after coronary angioplasty. Exercise treadmill testing is inexpensive, with adequate predictive value for restenosis and clinical events in patients with single vessel coronary angioplasty with a normal rest electrocardiogram (ECG). Myocardial tomography has advantages for assessing patients with multivessel coronary angioplasty. Exercise stress imaging is generally preferable to pharmacologic stress in patients without physical limitations after angioplasty. Delayed thallium-201 imaging and reinjection protocols may be useful to reconcile whether residual ischemia exists in “fixed” perfusion defects. Appropriately timed stress myocardial perfusion imaging 2 to 4 weeks after procedurally successful coronary angioplasty can document improved cardiac functional capacity and reduced ECG and imaging evidence of myocardial ischemia. Although routine serial postangioplasty evaluations cannot be recommended, stess myocardial imaging may be valuable in subjects with defective anginal nocioception or extensive myocardium at risk in the area subtended by the angioplasty vessel.
Theoretical prediction of the high-pressure phase Ge − Cmca

Ab initio pseudopotential total energy density-functional theory--local-density approximation calculations were performed to study the crystalline structures of Ge under pressure. Following the well established sequence of structural phases $(\mathrm{diamond}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Sn}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Imm}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{a}\mathrm{sh})$ under increasing pressure, we predict a transition into a new phase, with $\mathrm{Cmca}$ space-group symmetry, at $90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 \mathrm{GPa}.$ We estimate the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ for this phase to be in the range 2 to 7 K, the same range obtained previously by detailed calculations for the Ge-sh phase. The $\mathrm{Cmca}$ phase should remain stable up to $137\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10$ GPa where a transition to the hcp structure is predicted to occur. The same path is followed by Si although at lower pressures.
Fast simulation methods and modeling for extreme ultraviolet masks with buried defects

To support the successful implementation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for high volume manufacturing, a spectrum of simulation tools is needed. For investigation of new materials and geometries, rigorous but computationally expensive simulations are required. For faster simulations, a new method, rapid absorber defect interaction computation for advanced lithography (RADICAL), is introduced. RADICAL is a modular program, that uses separate methods to simulate the absorber pattern and defective multilayer. Two different methods are used to simulate the multilayer within RADICAL: ray tracing and single surface approximation (SSA). Ray tracing can accurately simulate arbitrary multilayer geometries. SSA is only accurate for defects shorter than 4.5 nm on the multilayer surface. With ray tracing, RADICAL is nearly 1000 times faster than finite difference time domain (FDTD) for simulating line-space patterns over buried defects. RADICAL with SSA is nearly 25,000 times faster than FDTD. The accuracy of RADICAL is shown to be excellent for simulating defects in focus, and for simulating defects smaller than 2.5 nm through focus. The error can be as high as 4 nm in predicting CD change for larger defects out of focus due to the complexities of modeling the phase of buried defects. But this error is predictable and will likely be acceptable for most applications considering the huge speed advantages of RADICAL.
Correlates of Polyvictimization Among African American Youth An Exploratory Study

African American adolescents are exposed to high rates of community violence, and recent evidence indicates that these youth may also be at high risk of polyvictimization. Guided by an ecological approach, this study explored individual, familial, and extra-familial correlates of single and multiple forms of violence exposures (i.e., witnessing verbal parental aggression, witnessing or being a victim of community violence exposures) among a sample of 563 urban African American adolescents. Findings indicated that boys reported higher levels of polyvictimization than girls. In addition, the correlates of violence exposures varied by typology and gender. These findings support the development and use of gender-oriented approaches for identifying youth at risk of various types of violence exposures.
Observation of α-t continuum states with relative energies of 0–2 MeV in7Li breakup reactions

Abstract The breakup of 7 Li at 63 MeV was studied in an α-t coincidence experiment using an Enge split pole spectrograph. For the first time, the entire spectrum of the α-t continuum states of 7 Li was observed in the range of the relative energy ɛ from zero to 2 MeV. A pronounced bump was found at ɛ ≈ 0.4MeV. The astrophysical implications of the data are discussed.
Sequential patterns of inflammatory events during developing and expressed skin late-phase reactions.

Abstract Background: Although there has been much study of the histologic features of the late-phase reactions (LPR) seen 6 to 24 hours after intradermal injection of allergens, much less is known about the events occurring during development of such LPR. Objective: Our purpose was to compare sequential gross and histologic inflammatory responses during developing skin LPR within 6 hours after challenge. Methods: Gross reactions were measured and biopsy specimens obtained at 20 minutes and 1, 2, and 6 hours after intradermal allergen (Ag) and buffer diluent control (B) injections in 7 atopic subjects with known immediate and LPR. Inflammatory cell responses were compared, as detected by immunohistochemistry in Ag and B sites. These findings were then compared with those at 24 hours. Results: Gross LPR evolved without a hiatus from the immediate wheal responses over the next 6 hours ( P = .04 vs that in B sites) and then decreased by 24 hours. Prominent PMN accumulation started by 20 minutes, peaking at 1 hour ( P P P 2 + ). T-cell accumulation started at 2 hours ( P = .01) and was most prominent at 24 hours. The frequency of vessels expressing E-selectin increased at 1 hour ( P P = .02), well after eosinophil accumulation was prominent. Conclusions: Skin LPR is characterized by evolution of a gross indurated reaction from the immediate whealing response over the first 6 hours after intradermal Ag challenge, with an early accumulation of PMN and eosinophils, not directly attributable to lymphocyte entry or vascular cell adhesion molecule expression. Likely, multiple other factors may also play roles in the complex pathogenesis of LPR. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:776-81.)
The Asymmetric Graetz Problem in Channel Flow

Transfert de masse vers des fluides en ecoulement laminaire dans des conduites dans le cas d'une conduite ou d'un canal plat avec des conditions aux limites de concentration en surface arbitraires et pouvant differer sur les 2 parois du canal
Isolation and partial purification of a proteolytic enzyme preparation from Clostridium perfringens

Abstract Although two strains of Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 12915 and 13124) exhibited excellent growth on amino acid and peptone media, only one (ATCC 13124) produced measurable proteolytic enzyme activity. Thus, subsequent purification steps concentrated on isolation of a proteolytic enzyme preparation produced by this strain. Purification and concentration were carried out by precipitating the crude enzyme fraction from the culture filtrate with ZnCl2, extracting with saturated disodium phosphate and reprecipitating by 60% saturation with (NH4)2SO4. The precipitate was then redissolved in borate buffered saline solution and further purified by successively passing it through a Bio-Gel P-100 column, a DEAE-cellulose column and a Bio-Gel P-200 column. The final step resulted in a 159-fold purification with 12% recovery and a final specific activity of 79 azocoll units/milligramme protein. Although each successive purification step eliminated some of the impurities, the final fraction still showed considerable heterogeneity upon disc-gel electrophoresis.
Stimulus waveforms for selective neural stimulation

The authors review recent efforts to design stimulus waveforms for selective electrical stimulation of the nervous system. Two types of selectivity are considered. Fiber diameter selectivity refers to the ability to activate one group of nerve fibers having a common diameter without activating nerve fibers having different diameters. Spatial selectivity refers to the ability to activate nerve fibers in a localized region without activating nerve fibers in neighboring regions. The fundamental principles governing the response of excitable nerve fibers to imposed stimuli are reviewed and used to design waveforms. The emphasis of the presentation is on excitation of peripheral myelinated nerve fibers, The underlying principles, however, are broadly applicable to all excitable membranes. >
Cyclophilin-D: a resident regulator of mitochondrial gene expression

Cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D) is a mitochondrial matrix peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Because cyclophilins can regulate nuclear gene expression, we examined whether Cyp-D could regulate mitochondrial gene expression. We demonstrated in HEK 293T cells that transfected Cyp-D interacts with mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 (TFB2M) but not with mitochondrial transcription factor A. We also demonstrated that Cyp-D interacts in vivo with TFB2M. Genetic silencing of Cyp-D and pharmacologic inhibition of Cyp-D markedly reduced mitochondrial transcription to 18 ± 5% (P < 0.05) and 24 ± 3% (P < 0.05) of respective controls. The level of interaction between Cyp-D and TFB2M correlated with the level of nascent mitochondrial RNA intensity (r = 0.896; P = 0.0156). Cyp-D silencing down-regulated mitochondrial transcripts initiated from the heavy strand promoter 2 [i.e., NADH dehydrogenase 1 (ND1) by 11-fold, P < 0.005; cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) by 4-fold, P < 0.001; and ATP synthase subunit 6 (ATP6) by 6.5-fold, P <...
De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia: a review of 263 cases

Background: De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia (DNIEMD) is a newly characterized lesion that is associated with a personal and/or family history of malignant melanoma (MM) and/or dysplastic nevi (DN). However, the biological significance is still uncertain and the persons predisposed to this lesion have not been adequately described. Methods: Clinicopathologic data of 258 patients, from 263 biopsies diagnosed with DNIEMD, was obtained. A brief voluntary questionnaire was used to obtain demographic, risk factor and disease history. Results: There is an 82% (n=263) predominance of women with DNIEMDs. For men and women, the distributions of these lesions occur on the lower extremities (71%), the upper extremities (24%) and trunk (5%). Thirty-one percent of the 258 patients responded to the questionnaires. 48% of the 60 respondents had green or blue eyes. 26% of 62 respondents had a history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Combined data revealed that 68% of 134 patients had a history of DN. As well, 24% of 89 patients had personal histories of melanoma, while 24% of 72 patients had a family history of melanoma. Conclusion: Most of these DNIEMD lesions are found on the lower extremities of women and men, and they have an increased association with MM, DN and NMSC. Jessup CJ, Cohen LM. De novo intraepidermal epithelioid melanocytic dysplasia: a review of 263 cases.
Relating real-time backpropagation and backpropagation-through-time: an application of flow graph interreciprocity

We show that signal flow graph theory provides a simple way to relate two popular algorithms used for adapting dynamic neural networks, real-time backpropagation and backpropagation-through-time. Starting with the flow graph for real-time backpropagation, we use a simple transposition to produce a second graph. The new graph is shown to be interreciprocal with the original and to correspond to the backpropagation-through-time algorithm. Interreciprocity provides a theoretical argument to verify that both flow graphs implement the same overall weight update.
Adsorption of Glucose Oxidase to 3-D Scaffolds of Carbon Nanotubes: Analytical Applications

This study is the first to focus on the potential use of carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds as enzyme immobilization substrates for analytical purposes. Besides all the well-known advantages of CNT, three-dimensional scaffolds can significantly increase the amount of enzymes adsorbed per unit area, preserve the catalytic activity of the adsorbed molecules, and allow effective exposure to substrates present in the adjacent medium. Additionally, our results indicate that the sensitivity of analytical probes based on enzyme-loaded CNT scaffolds is proportional to the thickness of the scaffold providing 3-fold sensitivity improvements with respect to the control surfaces.
Cross-dressing for the fatherland: sexual humour, masculinity and German soldiers in the First World War

This article explores several interrelated questions concerning the consequences of the First World War on German front veterans' perceptions of gender and sexuality: how did soldiers respond to military and civilian attempts to control male sexuality and define masculine ideals? How did soldiers perceive sexual behaviours and masculine norms as a result of the traumatic experiences of the trenches? Focusing on sexual humour in front newspapers, this article argues that ordinary soldiers sought to escape prevailing masculine expectations and coped with the stress of the trench experience through gender transgression that included a wide range of `deviant' behaviours, including heterosexual promiscuity, homosocial and homosexual bonds, and female mimesis. Sexual humour in front newspapers reveals that many soldiers sought more than just the absorption of `feminine' characteristics into their masculine image of comradeship, as scholars have highlighted. Soldiers also fantasized and experimented with escapin...
Prognostic value of raised procalcitonin when combined with routine biomarkers of sepsis among critically ill patients.

In sepsis the timing of treatment is vital in survival of the patients. Procalcitonin (PCT) by itself cannot reliably differentiate sepsis from other noninfective causes [1]. PCT, however, may help to identify the critically ill patients with poor prognosis when used in combination with other markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and white cell count (WCC). The aim of this retrospective study was to look at prognosis of patients admitted to the ICU with a raised PCT >10 ng/ml. A novel approach for prediction of prognosis and severity may be to combine the biomarkers with PCT.
T cell receptors: structure and genetics.

The classical TCR (up is involved in specific recognition by T cells of antigens on the surface of other cells, always in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (known as MHC restriction). Cells bearing this TCR (up in peripheral lymphoid organs are either CD4or CDS-expressing cells, the former usually recognizing class II and the latter class I MHC molecules as restriction elements. The, CD3 complex appears to be involved in the transmission of the recognition signal received through the TCR to intracellular processes involved in T-cell activation. This process results in the display of helper (Th) or cytolytic (CTL) effector functions.
Measuring Exhaled Volume with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation: Techniques and Rationale

When patients breathe spontaneously through a ventilator circuit, a fall in airway pressure during the inspiratory cycle may increase inspiratory effort. A system of delivery which incorporates a distensible reservoir bag and delivers a constant flow of gas that is two or three times the patient's minute volume will prevent a significant drop in inspiratory airway pressure. Unfortunately, the constant flow of gas mixes with the patient's exhaled gas and makes continuous monitoring of exhaled volumes difficult. Two modifications of circuits are described which allow accurate continuous measurement of volume. One of these circuits allows analysis of the concentrations of expired gases. When spontaneous ventilation occurs, tidal volume and minute ventilation demonstrate an intact connection between the ventilator and the patient, continuously indicate the patient's ability to sustain independent ventilation, and give early warning of a change in respiratory status.
Diagnosis and Management of Aplastic Anemia

Aplastic anemia remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Our ability to reliably diagnose, and therefore exclude, a variety of inherited or acquired diseases with similar phenotypes has improved markedly. An efficient diagnostic plan is important because time from diagnosis to treatment is related to outcome regardless of the therapeutic option chosen. HSCT remains the mainstay of therapy for those with matched sibling donors, and results have improved even further in recent years. For those without a sibling donor, the high response and overall survival rates of combined immunosuppressive therapy (IST) have proven robust. Nonetheless, incomplete response, relapse, and progression to myelodysplasia/leukemia have more clearly emerged as significant long-term issues. Improvements in outcome of alternative donor transplantation and the use of established and novel immunosuppressive agents provide multiple alternatives for treating refractory or relapsed patients. Best practices in this regard are not yet clearly established and may vary by a variety of demographic and treatment-specific factors. Regardless of the type of therapeutic approach, patients require ongoing monitoring for occurrence of disease and/or therapy-related side effects.
Editorial: The Journal of Pediatric Psychology—The Next Five Years

I am delighted to be the new Editor of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology (JPP)! Because of the work of so many superb former editors, we begin 2013 with a healthy and vibrant journal, with so much to look forward to in the coming years. I am particularly grateful to Dennis Drotar and his editorial team for handing over a journal that has a high rate of submissions, a competitive rejection rate, and an excellent ‘‘time to first editorial decision.’’ I hope to continue to maintain this level of quality, while continuing to publish methodologically strong research articles. I am also pleased that the following individuals have agreed to be Associate Editors for the journal: Dean Beebe, John Lavigne, Tonya Palermo, Lori Stark, Ric Steele, and Tim Wysocki. We have already been working together as a team for a year (we began reviewing all newly submitted papers in January 2012), and I am delighted to have all of them on board. Also, I am particularly fortunate that Susan Wood has agreed to continue to serve as the Editorial Assistant for the journal. As any developmentally oriented scholar knows, healthy development consists of continuity and change. Applying these concepts to JPP, I seek to retain the strong tradition that JPP has established by continuing to highlight the best research in our field, including first-rate systematic reviews of such research (see new initiative in this area later in the text). In the context of such continuity, I also seek to help JPP grow in new directions, increasing its appeal and usefulness to the readership as well as its impact on the larger field of pediatric psychology. In this editorial, I provide my goal-oriented 5-year plan for JPP. I hope that when I write my closing editorial at the end of 2017, we will have accomplished these goals. Goal 1: Publish on Topical, Innovative, and Contemporary Issues in Pediatric Psychology
B Cell Depletion With an Anti‐CD20 Antibody Enhances Alloreactive Memory T Cell Responses After Transplantation

Alloreactive memory T cells mediate accelerated allograft rejection and transplant tolerance resistance. Recent studies have shown that B cell deficient-μMT mice fail to mount donor-specific memory T cell responses after transplantation. At the same time, other studies showed that pretransplant B cell depletion using rituximab (IgG1 anti-CD20 mAb) combined with cyclosporine A promoted the survival of islet allografts in monkeys. In this study, we investigated the effect of anti-CD20 antibody-mediated B cell depletion on the memory T cell alloresponse in mice. Wild-type and anti-OVA TCR transgenic mice were treated with an IgG2a anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, which depleted nearly all B cells in the peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid organs but spared some B cells in the bone marrow. B cell depletion did not affect the direct alloresponse but resulted in a marked increase of indirect alloresponse after skin transplantation of naive mice. Furthermore, in allosensitized mice, anti-CD20 mAb treatment enhanced the reactivation of allospecific memory T cells and accelerated second set rejection of skin allografts. This suggests that the effect of anti-CD20 antibodies on alloimmunity and allograft rejection might vary upon the nature of the antibodies as well as the circumstances under which they are delivered.
PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS, MESSAGE EVALUATION, AND COMPLIANCE: A STRUCTURAL EXAMINATION

The persuasive efficacy of a model's physical attractiveness is examined, using both correlational and structural evidence. Attractive models apparently induce greater compliance by mediating recei...
Mycobacterium's Arrest of Phagosome Maturation in Macrophages Requires Rab5 Activity and Accessibility to Iron

Many mycobacteria are intramacrophage pathogens that reside within nonacidified phagosomes that fuse with early endosomes but do not mature to phagolysosomes. The mechanism by which mycobacteria block this maturation process remains elusive. To gain insight into whether fusion with early endosomes is required for mycobacteria-mediated inhibition of phagosome maturation, we investigated how perturbing the GTPase cycles of Rab5 and Rab7, GTPases that regulate early and late endosome fusion, respectively, would affect phagosome maturation. Retroviral transduction of the constitutively activated forms of both GTPases into primary murine macrophages had no effect on Mycobacterium avium retention in an early endosomal compartment. Interestingly, expression of dominant negative Rab5, Rab5(S34N), but not dominant negative Rab7, resulted in a significant increase in colocalization of M. avium with markers of late endosomes/lysosomes and increased mycobacterial killing. This colocalization was specific to mycobacteria since Rab5(S34N) expressing cells showed diminished trafficking of endocytic tracers to lysosomes. We further demonstrated that maturation of M. avium phagosomes was halted in Rab5(S34N) expressing macrophages supplemented with exogenous iron. These findings suggest that fusion with early endosomes is required for mycobacterial retention in early phagosomal compartments and that an inadequate supply of iron is one factor in mycobacteria's inability to prevent the normal maturation process in Rab5(S34N)-expressing macrophages.
There's No Place Like Home A Hazard Model Analysis of Aging in Place Among Older Homeowners in the PSID

Elderly housing surveys consistently report that older Americans prefer to remain living in their homes for as long as they are physically able. This study uses hazard models to estimate the effects of family composition changes, health conditions, housing characteristics, and local policies and amenities on aging-in-place decisions by older homeowners in the 1972-1992 Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The empirical results show that increases in property taxes and utility costs, changes in family composition, and diminished physical well-being are negatively associated with aging in place. Increased home equity, greater financial resources, and stronger ties to the community are positively associated with aging in place. Taken together, these findings suggest that policies designed to reduce the user costs of homeownership or to enhance the functionality of elderly homeowners may facilitate aging in place.
BiDil for Heart Failure in Black Patients: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Perspective

Critics of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the fixed combination of hydralazine hydrochloride, 37.5 mg, and isosorbide dinitrate, 20 mg, for treating heart failure in black patients have suggested that data were insufficient to distinguish treatment effects in black and white people; that distinctions based on race, rather than pathophysiology, were scientifically unreasonable; and that a "race-based" approval could be a commercial ploy to avoid a more expensive and prolonged full evaluation of a drug. The criticisms acknowledge that data supporting the approval came from a well-designed clinical trial in which self-identified black patients with heart failure who took hydralazine hydrochloride-isosorbide dinitrate with standard therapy experienced a statistically significant 43% (95% CI, 11% to 63%) reduction in mortality compared with those who took only the standard therapy. The criticisms do not always recognize that the decision to conduct the trial in only black patients reflected careful analyses of 2 previous trials in racially mixed patient populations that compared hydralazine hydrochloride-isosorbide dinitrate with placebo or with enalapril. Both trials showed little or no overall effect of hydralazine hydrochloride-isosorbide dinitrate in the mostly white patient population but hinted at a substantial effect in subsets of black patients. Perhaps most critically, the criticisms do not appreciate the urgency of strong scientific evidence of a substantial survival benefit in black patients. A serious attempt to avoid race-based approval by mandating study of a mixed population to identify a possible white patient-responder subset, particularly without a plausible hypothesis as to what that subset might be, would have required years of work, many thousands of patients, and wholly unreasonable delay in approval of a treatment whose effectiveness had been well-documented in the group for which it was intended.
Late Paleozoic Terrigenous-Carbonate Shelf Cycles

Chapter II emphasized the importance of the study of cyclic sedimentation and discussed the basic principles involved in its formation. Most characteristically cyclic sediments are found in shelf areas although regular changes in sedimentary conditions may be reflected in many types of basinal sediments (evaporites, flysch, carbonate-shale rhythms). Cyclic shelf deposits are particularly common in the Late Paleozoic of the northern hemisphere. The persistence of platforms situated just at sea level, the tectonic activity which provided periodic incursions of terrigenous clastics, and the enhanced possibilities of eustatic sea-level fluctuations (either glacially or tectonically induced) all coincided to make this time in earth history favorable for cyclic sedimentation.
Age-related differences in ambulatory blood pressure during daily stress: Evidence for greater blood pressure reactivity with age.

Prior research on age and emotions has found that older adults may show better physiological regulation to stressful stimuli than do younger adults. However, the stress reactivity literature has shown that age is associated with higher cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stress (J. R. Jennings et al., 1997). The authors investigated these conflicting findings further by examining daily ambulatory blood pressure in 428 middle-aged to older adults. Consistent with the age and reactivity literature, relatively old individuals showed significantly greater increases in ambulatory diastolic blood pressure compared with younger individuals when dealing with daily stressors. However, results also revealed that relatively old individuals reported less of an increase in negative affect during daily stress compared with their younger counterparts. The results of this study are consistent with the age-related increase in cardiovascular risk but highlight the complex links between stress and different facets of the aging process.
Making a case for split data caches for embedded applications

In this paper we show that cache memories for embedded applications can be designed to increase performance while reduce area and energy consumed. Previously we have shown that separating data cache into an array cache and a scalar cache can lead to significant performance improvements for scientific benchmarks. In this paper we show that such a split data cache can also benefit embedded applications. To further improve the split cache organization, we augment the scalar cache with a small victim cache and the array cache with a small stream buffer. This "integrated" cache organization can lead to 43% reduction in the overall cache size, 37% reduction in access time and a 63% reduction in power consumption when compared to a unified 2-way set associative data cache for media benchmarks from MiBench suite.
Ruptured spinal dermoid cyst with chemical arachnoiditis and disseminated intracranial lipid droplets

A 33-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive leg weakness. Spinal MRI and myelography with CT demonstrated an extensive intradural abnormality suggesting a diffuse inflammatory or neoplastic process. Only after cranial CT and MRI demonstrated lipid droplets was the diagnosis of a ruptured spinal dermoid cyst suggested. Subsequent laminectomy revealed a ruptured intradural dermoid cyst in the lumbar spine, with chemical arachnoiditis.
Vascular surgery training in the United States, 1994 to 2003

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of operative training resources for vascular surgery residents (VSRs) and general surgery residents (GSRs) over the past 10 years in the United States, to address questions concerning adequate endovascular versus open surgical training and the potential to expand the number of VSRs to meet future workforce needs. Methods National operative data from the Residency Review Committee for Surgery (RRC) were analyzed for all vascular surgery (VS) and general surgery (GS) training programs from 1994 to 2003. GSR experience in programs with and without associated VS programs was also compared. Results Mean total VS volume per VSR increased from 220 operations in 1994 to 368 in 2003, owing to the addition of 140 endovascular procedures by 2003. GSR volume was more stable, with 117 mean total VS operations in 1994 and 122 in 2003. This volume was distributed as approximately 50% major open VS operations for both VSR and GSR. In addition, 39% of VSR experience was endovascular, whereas 32% of GSR experience was vascular access. The average VSR performed 2.7 times more major open VS operations than each GSR, but because of the 10-fold greater number of GSRs, VSRs performed only 20% of the total major operations available for VS training. Selective procedures, such as renal revascularization and open infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair decreased over time, while endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair increased dramatically, accounting for 46% of aortic aneurysm repairs per VSR in 2003. The mean volume of total interventional procedures per VSR in 2003 was 152 diagnostic and 213 therapeutic. GSRs in programs with and without an associated VS program had very similar operative volumes. Conclusions Interventional procedures have increased VSR operative volume by 50% in recent years, with only a 12% decrease in major open operations. Nearly all VSRs currently meet RRC minimum requirements for open and endovascular procedures. Mean GSR operative volume has been stable, and far exceeds RRC minimum requirements. Based on the number of major open vascular operations available for training in 2003, the current number of VSR positions could be increased by 50% if GSR operative volume was decreased by 15%. However, increased interventional volume would also be required, for which there is competition with other specialties.
Spatial partitioning techniques in SpatialHadoop

SpatialHadoop is an extended MapReduce framework that supports global indexing that spatial partitions the data across machines providing orders of magnitude speedup, compared to traditional Hadoop. In this paper, we describe seven alternative partitioning techniques and experimentally study their effect on the quality of the generated index and the performance of range and spatial join queries. We found that using a 1% sample is enough to produce high quality partitions. Also, we found that the total area of partitions is a reasonable measure of the quality of indexes when running spatial join. This study will assist researchers in choosing a good spatial partitioning technique in distributed environments.
MSCs in Regenerative Medicine

Publisher Summary MSCs can be isolated from marrow, fat, muscle, skin, periosteum, tendon, and neural tissues. The therapeutic capabilities of MSCs reflect their biologic functionality at sites of tissue injury or inflammation. These therapeutic activities involve the modulation of the local immune cells to inhibit their surveillance of the damaged tissue, thus inhibiting the initiation of autoimmune activities. The activated MSCs produce trophic effects by secreting a spectrum of bioactive molecules that inhibit apoptosis (especially in areas of ischemia), prevent scar formation, and stimulate angiogenesis by secreting VEGF to attract endothelial cells to form new blood vessels, by forming perivascular contacts stabilizing such newly formed vessels, and, last, by secreting mitogens that directly affect tissue intrinsic progenitors. Mice can be exposed to DDS, which causes severe inflammatory bowel disease that is lethal. When hMSCs are targeted to the sites of inflammation using a proprietary cell-docking system, 80–90% of the animals are cured. In both mice and rats, the immune destruction of pancreatic islet cells can be initiated by exposing the animal to streptozotocin. By monitoring systemic secretion of insulin, a continuous, autoimmune-mediated elimination of islets and, thus, the diminution of insulin secretion can be observed. By using a single intravenous injection of human MSCs, the decline of insulin secretion can be halted and the eventual regeneration of islet cells can be observed.
Adipose Derived Stromal Cell (ADSC) Injections for Pain Management of Osteoarthritis in the Human Knee Joint.

Background This safety and feasibility study used autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular cells (the stromal vascular fraction [SVF] of adipose tissue), to treat 8 osteoarthritic knees in 6 patients of grade I to III (K-L scale) with initial pain of 4 or greater on a 10-point Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Objectives The primary objective of the study was evaluation of the safety of intra-articular injection of SVF. The secondary objective was to assess initial feasibility for reduction of pain in osteoarthritic knees. Methods Adipose-derived SVF cells were obtained through enzymatic disaggregation of lipoaspirate, resuspension in 3 mL of Lactated Ringer's Solution, and injection directly into the intra-articular space of the knee, with a mean of 14.1 million viable, nucleated SVF cells per knee. Metrics included monitoring of adverse events and preoperative to postoperative changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), the VAS pain scale, range of motion (ROM), timed up-and-go (TUG), and MRI. Results No infections, acute pain flares, or other adverse events were reported. At 3-months postoperative, there was a statistically significant improvement in WOMAC and VAS scores (P Conclusions Autologous SVF was shown to be safe and to present a new potential therapy for reduction of pain for osteoarthritis of the knee. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4: Therapeutic.