cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of O2, H2, CO, NH3, and NO2 on ZnO Nanotube: A Density Functional Theory Study

Using density functional theory (DFT), we have investigated the structural and electronic properties of a prototype ZnO (6,0) zigzag single-walled nanotube (SWNT) with and without oxygen vacancy (VO), as well as its potential application as a sensor for gas molecules O2, H2, CO, NH3, and NO2. The DFT calculation shows that the defect-free ZnO (6,0) SWNT is semiconducting with a direct band gap larger than that of bulk ZnO. By introducing the VO defects, localized impurity states are induced above the valence band maximum while the Fermi level is lifted. As such, the defect-containing ZnO (6,0) SWNT becomes an n-type semiconductor. On the sidewall of a defect-free ZnO (6,0) SWNT, O2 and H2 molecules are physisorbed while CO, NH3, and NO2 are molecularly chemisorbed. With the VO defects, the binding interaction between gas molecules and the ZnO nanotube becomes stronger. The electron-donor molecules (CO and NH3) tend to enhance the concentration of major carriers (electrons), whereas the electron-acceptor m...
Properties of the Photon Emission Accompanying the Peeling of a Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

Abstract During the peeling of pressure-sensitive adhesives, it is well known that visible light is emitted from the region near the detachment zone. This photon emission due to adhesive failure is a unique form of triboluminescence. In this paper, we further investigate the properties of this light from the peeling of a filament tape with a natural rubber-resin adhesive from its backing at various peel speeds. We show conclusively that small electrostatic discharges are the major source of this radiation. Total intensity vs time measurements show that the light consists of very intense bursts with typical duration of 50 ns which frequently induce additional discharges for times as long as 50—100μs. Time resolved spectra of these emissions show them to be dominated by the line spectrum of molecular nitrogen for both the initial burst and those that follow in the next 0.1—100μs. Thus, the “after-emission” is not due to phosphorescence of the polymer(s), but due to these additional electrostatic discharges.
Ground state properties of Ce(Pd1−xNix)2Ge2 and CeNi2(Ge1−ySiy)2

Abstract We present the results of a systematic study of transport, magnetic and calorimetric properties of the Kondo–lattice compounds Ce(Pd 1− x Ni x ) 2 Ge 2 and CeNi 2 (Ge 1− y Si y ) 2 . Due to the substitution of Pd by Ni and Ge by Si the hybridization strength changes continously, yielding a transition from local moment magnetism to intermediate valence behavior. Special attention is given to the regime where the magnetic order is suppressed characterized by significant deviations from Fermi-liquid behavior.
Subcellular Distribution of Succinate‐Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase in Rat Brain

The report details the subcellular localization of succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase in rat brain. The localization of this enzyme, which is important in the catabolism of 4-aminobutyrate and brain intermediary energy metabolism, is compared with glutamic acid decarboxylase and lactate dehydrogenase. A unique significant over-recovery of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity was observed in sucrose gradient subfractions, an over-recovery which could be eliminated by repeated freeze-thaws or Triton treatment of fractions. Triton treatment also revealed a significant amount of this activity in the synaptosomal fraction not apparent in the standard procedure, but the major enrichment of activity was found in the mitochondrial fraction. Our results indicate that a striking separation exists in the cellular localization of the synthetic reaction for 4-aminobutyrate in brain and the catabolic system represented by succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase.
Transverse spin and momentum correlations in quantum chromodynamics

The naive time reversal odd (‘T-odd’) parton distribution and fragmentation functions are explored. We use the spectator model framework to study flavour dependence of the Boer-Mulders (h1⊥ ) and Sivers (f1T⊥) functions as well as the ‘T-even’ but chiral odd function h1L⊥. These transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions are of significance for the analysis of azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, as well as for the overall physical understanding of the distribution of transversely polarized quarks in unpolarized hadrons. In this context we also consider the Collins mechanism and the fragmentation function H1⊥. As a by-product of this analysis we calculate the leading twist unpolarized cos(2ϕ) asymmetry, and sin(2ϕ) single spin asymmetry for a longitudinally polarized target in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering.
Region and industry effects on the equity returns of emerging markets

The accelerating globalization of business and integration of financial markets are affecting the equity investment environment of emerging markets (EMS). For the study period, we do not observe statistically significant region or industry effects on the returns of the EMS country equity indexes. All measurements indicate a high degree of integration for EMS regions and broad industry categories. The relative size of region and industry effects and Pearson correlations, however, indicate the dominance of region effects over industry effects. In the EMS world, as a starting step, regional diversification will be more efficient than industrial diversification.
Two N-hydroxylaminopurines are highly mutagenic in the ad-3 forward-mutation test in growing cultures of heterokaryon 12 of Neutospora crassa

Abstract 3 purine analogs were tested for their mutagenic activities in the ad-3 forward-mutation test in heterokaryon 12 (H-12) of Neurospa crassa . In growing cultures of H-12, the N -hydroxylaminopurines 2-amino-6- N -hydroxylaminopurine (AHA) and 6- N -hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) are potent and strong mutagens, respectively, whereas 2-aminopurine (AP) is a weak mutagen. AHA and HAP are about equally mutagenic at low doses, but AHA is more mutagenic then HAP at high doses. Despite their potent mutagenicity in growing cultures, AHA and HAP are not mutagenic in nongrowing conidia under the conditions of our experiments. AHA is the most potent mutagen tested in the ad-3 forward-mutation test in N. crassa . At the highest dose tested (30 μg/ml), it gave an ad-3 mutant frequency of 0.7 × 10 −2 , about a 12 000-fold increase over the average spontaneous ad-3 mutant frequency. The potent mutagenicity of AHA may make it (and possibly HAP) especially usefull for obtaining specific-locus mutations in other organisms.
Non-linear tearing structures in equilibrium current sheet

Abstract A family of exact analytic solutions of the time-independent Vlasov-Maxwell equations is presented. The solutions describe two-dimensional equilibrium current sheet with magnetic field structures resembling that produced by the tearing instability. In particular, the solutions presented here do not restrict the field in the magnetic island to small magnitude. It is shown that as the scale length of the magnetic island increases, the thickness of the current sheet increases while the average current and the average magnetic energy decrease. The tearing structures described by the solutions may exist in the magnetotail current sheet, the magnetopause current layer and the field-aligned auroral sheet current.
Performance guarantees for distributed MIMO radar based on sparse sensing

System Model • We consider sparse sensing-based distributed MIMO radars, which exploit the sparsity of the targets in the space to achieve good target estimation performance of MIMO radars but with fewer measurements. • In the model of sparse sensing-based distributed MIMO radars, the sensing matrix is block-diagonal and the sparse vector to be recovered consists of equallength sub-vectors that have the same sparsity profile. • This paper develops the theoretical requirements and performance guarantees for the application of block sparse recovery technique in this context. • The results confirm that exploiting the block sparsity of the target vector can reduce the number of measurements needed for target estimation, or can result in improved target estimation for the same number of measurements.
Depression and the frequency and strength of pleasant events: exploration of the Staats-Heiby theory.

Abstract An analysis derived from the paradigmatic behaviorism theory of depression was applied to the Pleasant Events Schedule. The PES combines measurement of frequency and intensity of pleasant events, while paradigmatic behavioral analysis indicates these involve different independent variables. Results showed that different subtypes could be isolated by differentiating these variables, subtypes that would differently predict for depression. The findings have implications for understanding, diagnosing, and treating depression.
The Value of Tocotrienols in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer

Tocopherols and tocotrienols represent the 2 subgroups that make up the vitamin E family of compounds, but only tocotrienols display potent anticancer activity. Although in vitro experimental evidence has been very promising, oral supplementation of tocotrienols in animal and human studies has produced inconsistent results. However, recent studies have now clarified the reasons for these discrepancies observed between in vitro and in vivo studies. Oral absorption of tocotrienols into the circulation is mediated in large part by carrier transporter systems that display saturation and apparently down-regulation when exposed to high concentrations of tocotrienols. To circumvent these limitations in oral absorption of tocotrienols, investigators have developed novel prodrug derivatives and nanoparticle delivery systems that greatly enhance tocotrienol bioavailability and therapeutic responsiveness. Additional studies have also demonstrated that combined treatment of tocotrienols with other traditional chemotherapeutic agents results in a synergistic anticancer response, and this synergistic response was further enhanced when these agents were encapsulated in a nanoparticle delivery system. Taken together, these findings clarify the limitations of oral tocotrienol administration and provide novel alternative drug-delivery systems that circumvent these limitations and greatly enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of tocotrienols in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Potential applications of a new microwave ECR multicusp plasma ion source

Abstract A new microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) multicusp plasma ion source using two ECR plasma production regions and multicusp plasma confinement has been developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This source has been operated to produce uniform and dense plasmas over large areas of 300–400 cm2. The plasma source has been operated with continuous argon gas feed and pulsed microwave power. The discharge initiation phenomena and plasma properties have been investigated and studied as functions of discharge parameters. Together with the discharge characteristics observed, a hypothetical discharge mechanism for this plasma source is reported and discussed. Potential applications, including plasma and ion-beam processing for manufacturing advanced microelectronics and for space electric propulsion, are discussed.
INTERMODAL COMPARISONS OF ENERGY INTENSIVENESS IN LONG- DISTANCE TRANSPORT

Abstract This note compares various figures for direct EI (Energy Intensiveness) for different modes of long-haul passenger and freight transport. The figures are taken (a) from papers presented at a symposium ( Transportation Research 8 No. 4/5, (1974)) and (b) from a paper by Bouladon (1974). The author comments on the high EI of superfast rail travel, especially where trains must pass through tunnels, and refers to a study dealing with power requirements for pushing trains through long tunnels.
Pharmacokinetic modeling of recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

A novel model was developed to characterize the time-varying clearance of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2). Sixty-eight patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection received 83 cycles of IL-2 either by continuous infusion or by subcutaneous injection for 5 days. IL-2 concentrations after intravenous infusions peaked at 24 hours and then declined by 55% to 78% during the remainder of the infusion. Soluble IL-2 receptors increased greater than 10-fold before gradually returning to baseline. Subcutaneous administration showed a dose-dependent decrease in area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) between days 1 and 5. A model was developed in 9 patients who had IL-2 concentrations and soluble IL-2 receptors determined by ELISA. Concentrations were fitted by an indirect stimulatory pharmacodynamic model. An additional 59 patients with only IL-2 concentrations were fitted to a simplified empiric model. Both models provided an overall r2 of 0.99 for the plot of observed versus fitted concentrations. The time-dependent increase in IL-2 clearance, likely receptor-mediated, was well described with use of an indirect-effects pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1998) 64, 492–498; doi:
Demonstrating Security for Trusted Applications on a Security Kernal Base

A methodology for demonstrating the security of trusted applications on a security kernel base is presented. The methodology consists of selecting and authenticating security criteria, and demonstrating through verification techniques that the implementation obeys the selected criteria. Difficulties encountered in the placement of a trusted application on top of a security kernel base motivated the development of the methodology.
The Development Manager's Advisory System: A Knowledge-Based DSS Tool for Project Assessment*

This research investigates whether the knowledge-based decision support system (KBDSS) paradigm provides the necessary supporting structure and developmental framework for product development evaluation. To address the research questions posed in this study, it is necessary to develop and implement KBDSS's at specific decision points along the product development cycle. This paper describes the design, development, and implementation of a KBDSS to support a product development manager's decision concerning full-scale development of a new product. From the systems design perspective, this paper addresses the integration and innovative use of a variety of techniques for knowledge acquisition, modeling, and processing. The approach utilized obtains the benefits of normative modeling as well as the flexibility and developmental advantages of knowledge-based systems. Since its implementation, the system has been successfully used by a development manager to support his recommendation for an ongoing project. His complete satisfaction with this system served as the impetus for the design and development of a multi-expert system which was implemented at the strategic level.
Temperature effects on frequency preferences and mating call frequencies in the green treefrog,Hyla cinerea (Anura: Hylidae)

1. The frequency preferences of gravid females ofHyla cinerea for the low-frequency peak of bimodal synthetic mating calls shifted by about 400 Hz when the temperature of the animals was changed by about 7 °C. Changes in preference involving the high-frequency peak were much less dramatic (Table 1). 2. The low-frequency peaks of the mating calls of four individual males ofH. cinerea changed only slightly (≦70 Hz) when they were recorded at high and low temperatures (Table 2, Fig. 1). The same acclimation times (around one hour) were used in testing female preferences and in recording male calls at different temperatures. 3. Since shifts in female preference are not paralleled by concomitant changes in the spectral properties of the vocal signals, temperature coupling based on spectral information appears to be absent in the acoustic communication system of this species. 4. Spectral properties are important for species recognition and at low temperatures females prefer calls with low-frequency peaks that are more similar to those of another, sympatric species (Hyla gratiosa) than to those of conspecific males. This implies that species isolation in nature could be jeopardized at low temperatures if females become responsive to mating calls under these conditions. 5. Temperature effects on frequency preferences were predicted by a neurophysiological study of the auditory thalamic area inH. cinerea. The present results support the conclusion that this area is involved in processing biologically significant sounds. 6. The results indicate, however, that resonance properties of the buccal cavity alone are not sufficient to match the mating call frequencies with the frequency sensitivity of the auditory system.
The transitions among classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and stochastic quantum mechanics

Various formalisms for recasting quantum mechanics in the framework of classical mechanics on phase space are reviewed and compared. Recent results in stochastic quantum mechanics are shown to avoid the difficulties encountered by the earlier approach of Wigner, as well as to avoid the well-known incompatibilities of relativity and ordinary quantum theory. Specific mappings among the various formalisms are given.
A dot screening procedure on nitrocellulose for detecting anti-idiotopes in hybridoma supernatants

A dot assay on nitrocellulose was developed for screening hybridoma fusions for the presence of anti-idiotopes. The technique involves spotting of hybridoma supernatants onto nitrocellulose filters, and detection of anti-idiotope with an alkaline phosphatase-coupled idiotype.
Percutaneous atrial Septal Occluder devices and cardiac erosion: A review of the literature

Objective To systematically review all cases in the literature of erosion associated with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) occluder devices. Background Delayed erosion of the aortic or atrial wall is an infrequent but potentially lethal complication of percutaneous septal defect closure using an ASD device. The epidemiology is poorly understood. Methods The MEDLINE database was searched for cases of ASD occluder device-associated erosion. Results Twenty-five articles present erosion events associated with the AMPLATZER™ Septal Occluder (ASO) device (March 2002–June 2011), documenting 21 independent, surgically confirmed cases. Another 79 distinct events are reported in case series and review articles. Of all identified independent cases, 73 were reported in the United States. No articles associate the HELEX™ Septal occluder and erosions. Additional events are reported in association with FDA-unapproved percutaneous defect closure devices (n = 16). Estimation of ASO erosion incidence is unreliable because the numerator (number of erosion events) and denominator (number of patients with an implanted device) are unknown; estimates range from 0.1 to 0.3%. Conclusion Cardiac erosion is a rare but serious complication of the ASO device. Erosion events are most often ascribed to device over-sizing or deficient retro-aortic rims; however, both consensus and evidence for a cogent risk factor(s) is lacking. Further assessment of the root cause of erosion and true incidence of this complication is required; analyses using control patients and/or device registry establishment represent logical next steps. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Posterior decompression of the vertebral artery narrowed by cervical osteophyte: case report

Abstract BACKGROUND Symptomatic vertebral artery compression caused by cervical spondylosis usually is caused by compression of the artery by osteophytes arising from the uncinate process. Compression from facet joint osteophytes is seldom reported. CASE DESCRIPTION A 69-year-old male developed symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis secondary to an osteophyte arising from the superior facet of the sixth cervical vertebra posterior to the artery. A posterior decompression of the vertebral artery with removal of the offending facet joint complex relieved the patient’s transient neurologic events. CONCLUSION Symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis may be caused by osteophytes compressing the vertebral artery anteriorly from the uncinate process or posteriorly from the facet complex.
Factors affecting rats’ location during conditioned suppression training

If freezing underlies barpress conditioned suppression, then it seems odd that auditory cues paired with shock evoke more freezing than do visual cues, yet evoke similar suppression. Bevins and Ayres (1992) found that auditory and visual cues also evoked similar withdrawal from the bar and dipper areas and suggested that such withdrawal could explain the similar suppression. Seeking to understand that withdrawal, we found evidence in the present study that it was due either to adventitious punishment or to place-aversion learning. The cue for shock seemed to set the occasion for such learning. For example, we found that, as training progressed, rats’ tendency to leave the bar area during the cue first increased, then decreased, then increased again, reflecting, presumably, shock occurrence first inside, then outside, then inside the bar area again. Despite these changes in the rats’ location, barpress suppression remained stable, implying that leaving the bar area, though sufficient for barpress suppression, is unnecessary.
How teachers learn: the roles of formal, informal, and independent learning

A qualitative study of math and science teachers at two middle schools identifies how their system for learning to integrate technology into their teaching goes beyond what school leaders typically consider when planning for teachers’ learning. In addition to (a) the district-initiated, or formal, system of professional development (PD) and professional learning communities (PLCs), it includes (b) teacher-initiated, or informal, learning with colleagues as well as (c) teachers’ independent learning activities. Analysis of why and how they form their system highlights how by only supporting the formal PD activities and PLCs, the district not only loses the valuable collective knowledge of the districts’ teachers derived from their informal and independent learning activities, but also diminishes the learning teachers derive from the formal PD activities since informal collaborations and independent work after formal PD activities often helps to bring the learning from the training room to the classroom. We present teachers’ insights and then discuss implications for the design of a holistic approach to facilitate teachers’ formal, informal, and independent learning that is tied together and supported by technology. While research on formal, informal and independent teacher learning exists, with technology frequently mentioned as a potential support for each of these three modes, these approaches have not been considered together as interdependent parts of the same holistic system for teacher learning nor has the way technology might knit these modes of teacher learning together been imagined as a part of that system.
A somatic gene rearrangement contributing to genetic diversity in maize.

Abstract We have discovered a somatic genomic rearrangement that occurs at high frequency at a duplicated zein locus in certain cultures of the maize inbred line A188. The rearranged allele arises from the duplication by a two-step process involving a homologous recombination and a second event, which may be a deletion, inversion, or insertion; both steps always occur together. The frequency of rearrangement is lower in homozygous states of the parental allele than in heterozygotes. In both cases, the rearrangement is shown to be mitotic. The rearranged product can be transmitted through meiosis, providing another mechanism for genome evolution in higher eukaryotes.
CGRP receptor heterogeneity: a role for receptor component protein?

We welcome the comments by Hay et al.[1] about ourrecent review [2], but we believe that there is signiﬁcantevidence in the literature to support the existence of a newcalcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor andtherefore heterogeneity in CGRP receptors.CGRP (aand bisoforms) were isolated two decades agowith a molecular cloning strategy. Paradoxically, progresstoward the characterization of CGRP receptors has beenvery slow and challenging because of the difﬁculty ofcloning and the lack of selective receptor type-speciﬁcagonists and antagonists. However, exciting progress hasrecently been made towards biochemical characterizationof the receptors for CGRP and related peptides with thediscovery of receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs)[3] and receptor component protein (RCP) [4,5]. RAMPshave been implicated to work as a chaperone for thecalcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), whereas RCP isinvolved in signal transduction. The complete identity andmode of action of CGRP receptors still largely remains tobe investigated. Although the CGRP receptor hetero-geneity was introduced over a decade ago [6], the basis forthis was the differential afﬁnity of the receptors to variousCGRP analogs. CGRP
A survey of passwords from 2007 to 2009

Passwords have been an integral part of our lives for hundreds of years. We rely on passwords each day at work, school and at the marketplace. With the reliance on passwords comes the issue of security. Are the passwords we use secure? This study evaluates passwords for sixty-nine websites over a two-year period. Changes in password strength and requirements are analyzed and presented. Detailed information is given on the complexity or lack thereof that exists between these websites. Additionally we discuss how we believe passwords and password requirements will change in the future. Overall, we found that password requirements are stronger now than they were in 2007. However, organizations have a long way to go to bring password requirements up to what is generally considered a strong password.
First direct structural comparison of complexes of the same metal fragment to ketenes in both C,C- and C,O-bonding modes.

Using a series of Ir(I) and Rh(I) ketene complexes, conclusions about the structure and bonding of complexes of the fundamentally important ketene ligand class are reached. In a unique comparison of X-ray structures of the same metal fragment to ketenes in both the η2-(C,C) and the η2-(C,O) binding mode, the Ir−Cl bond distances in complexes of trans-Cl(Ir)[P(i-Pr)3]2 to phenylketene [4, η2-(C,C)] and diphenylketene [2a, η2-(C,O)] are 2.371(3) and 2.285(2) A, respectively. This would be consistent with greater trans influence of a ketene ligand bound to a metal through its CC bond than one connected by its CO bond. Back-bonding of Ir(I) and Rh(I) to diphenylketene was assessed using trans-Cl(M)[P(i-Pr)3]2[η2-(C,O)-diphenylketene] (2a and 2d). Most bond lengths and angles are identical, but slightly greater back-bonding by Ir(I) is suggested by the somewhat greater deformation of the ketene CCO system [C−C−O angles are 136.6(4) and 138.9(4) in the Ir and Rh cases 2a and 2d, respectively]. Syntheses of new ...
Restoration of glucagon responsiveness of solubilized myocardial adenyl cyclase by phosphatidylserine

Summary Solubilized preparations of cat myocardial adenyl cyclase have been previously shown to be unresponsive to glucagon, norepinephrine, and thyroxine, hormones which activate the particulate adenyl cyclase. This report demonstrates that the addition of phosphatidyl-serine to a solubilized preparation freed of detergent, completely restores the glucagon responsiveness of adenyl cyclase. Half-maximal activity and maximal percent increase in cyclic 3′,5′-AMP accumulation were virtually identical to that previously reported for the particulate preparation. Norepinephrine activates myocardial adenyl cyclase by a receptor mechanism separate and distinct from the glucagon receptor and in contrast to glucagon, norepinephrine responsiveness was not restored by phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylserine may produce a configurational change in the adenyl cyclase which then allows glucagon binding and activation of adenyl cyclase.
How Parents Search, Interpret, and Evaluate Genetic Information Obtained from the Internet

This study describes how parents of a child referred for genetic services searched the Internet for information, summarizes how they interpreted and evaluated the information they obtained, and identifies barriers that they encountered. Audio-taped interviews were conducted with 100 ethnically diverse families referred to a pediatric genetics clinic. After transcription, coded text was entered into a software program (QSR N6) for searching and data retrieval. Matrices were created to systematically categorize and compare families’ Internet use. Eighty-three percent of families obtained Internet information about the diagnosis, the clinic visit, and/or treatment and services. Those not conducting searches lacked access, Internet experience, or a diagnostic term and had lower incomes and less education, regardless of ethnicity. Families sought information in preparation for the clinic visit but barriers to obtaining and interpreting relevant information were common. Parents’ Internet searching experiences illustrate common barriers to obtaining and understanding genetic information. Identifying them can help genetic counselors facilitate parents’ searches for relevant information.
Distribution of Carboxypeptidase Isoinhibitors in the Potato Plant

The total amount of carboxypeptidase inhibitor was estimated in extracts of the leaves, stems, and sprouts of Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank. Although the tuber contained the highest levels on a dry weight basis, inhibitor was also detected in the leaves, sprouts, and upper stems. The relative amounts of each of three carboxypeptidase isoinhibitor families were estimated in several plant tissues by purifying the mixture of isoinhibitors using immobilized carboxypeptidase and then resolving the individual families by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These data demonstrated both that differences in distribution are found in the potato plant and that the three isoinhibitor families described previously (Hass GM, JE Derr, DJ Makus, CA Ryan 1979 Plant Physiol 64: 1022-1028) account for essentially all of the carboxypeptidase inhibitor activity in the tissues studied.
A six-coloring of the plane

Abstract A six-coloring of the euclidean plane is constructed such that the distance 1 is not realized by any color except one, which does not realize the distance 1 5 .
Biological indices of soil quality: an ecosystem case study of their use

Soil quality indices can help ensure that site productivity and soil function are maintained. Biological indices yield evidence of how a soil functions and interacts with the plants, animals and climate that comprise an ecosystem. Soil scientists can identify and quantify both chemical and biological soil-quality indicators for ecosystems with a single main function, such as agricultural lands and forest plantations. However, quantifying these indices in complex ecosystems — that have multiple uses or goals such as maintaining biodiversity, aesthetics, recreation, timber production and water quality — is much more difficult. In an ecosystem context all components — plants, animals and humans — interact with the soil differently, making soil quality indices variable. These interactions result in a combination of biological processes that make each ecosystem unique. We examined the soil and site quality of five forest stands (xeric oak-pine; two mixed hardwood, cove hardwood, northern
Compact current metter moorings: design and preliminary results

Abstract To obtain a long time series of ocean current data from a remote site (0°, a55°40'E) not regularly visited by research vessels, we have developed a lighweight mooring system consisting of flotation, cable, recording current meter, acoustic release, and anchor. The mooring can be deployed and recovered by virtually any vessel capable of reaching the site; we have used several yachts. The system can thus be operated indefinitely, with occasional renewals of equipment (2 to 3 times per year). A 3-month series of data collected at this site is discussed; it contains some evidence for predominance of equatorial waves with latitudinally symmetric meridional velocity fields. The method should be applicable to other investigations and locations.
Inelastic scattering of polarized protons from 138Ba at isobaric analog resonances

Abstract The inelastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized protons has been studied at isobaric analog resonances in 138 Ba + p at incident energies of 10.00, 10.63, 11.09, 11.45 and 11.70 MeV. Cross-section and analyzing-power angular distributions have been measured at each of these energies for scattering to the 1.38 MeV 2 1 + state of 138 Ba. The spin-flip probability has been measured at several angles at each energy; angular distributions of the spin-flip asymmetry were measured at the two highest energies. The data were fitted by adjusting the values of the inelastic partial decay widths of the isobaric analog resonances in a program which calculates the effect of the direct reaction background by the DWBA. Spectroscopic amplitudes for core-excited components of low-lying states in 139 Ba determined in this way are in good agreement with recent unified model calculations.
Descriptions and biological notes on three unusual mantellid tadpoles (Amphibia: Anura: Mantellidae) from southeastern Madagascar

ABSTRACT The morphologies of three unusual tadpoles from slow-flowing, sandy-bottomed, rain forest streams in southeastern Madagascar are described. The large oral apparatus of the tadpole of Boophis picturatus Glaw, Vences, Andreone, and Vallan, 2001 lacks all keratinized structures and has an elaborately-folded lower labium with five, radially oriented, flat-topped ridges. The tadpole of Mantidactylus guttulatus (Boulenger, 1881) lacks all keratinized mouthparts and has three immense papillae where the upper jaw normally occurs. The tadpole of Mantidactylus lugubris (Dumeril, 1853) has an ornate oral apparatus involving greatly hypertrophied derivatives of jaw serrations and unique structures on the lower labium that resemble labial teeth.
An Evaluation of the Use of Oral Bisphosphonates and Risk of Esophageal Cancer

Objective:To evaluate the use of oral bisphosphonates and risk of esophageal cancer.Data Sources:MEDLINE (1948–October 2011) was searched using the terms esophageal cancer, esophageal carcinoma, bisphosphonate, bisphosphonates, etidronate, Pamidronate, alendronate, tiludronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid, and ibandronate. Citations from relevant publications were reviewed for additional information.Study Selection and Data Extraction:A comprehensive review of the available literature was performed.Data Synthesis:Two summaries of case reports and 3 observational studies were retrieved and reviewed. Oral bisphosphonates can cause esophageal irritation; therefore, it is biologically plausible that they may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. Although many cases were reported, causality was difficult to determine due to their weak methodology, and subsequent evaluations from national registers did not support an increased risk. Of the 3 observational studies (1 in patients with Barrett's esophagus and 2...
Retrospective and Prospective View of Endotoxin Research

This chapter will, more or less in chronological order, describe work done over a number of years with endotoxin. So many contributions have been made to each topic that to include them all is impossible. The selections here represent works that are considered highly significant since they serve as milestones in the study of this fascinating and challenging substance. Not all important observations can be covered within the limits of this chapter thus, if recognition is not given where it is due, the reader will recognize the difficulties inherent in the author’s task. First we shall look backward on endotoxin research and then try to project the direction it will take in the future.
Capsicum oleoresin: development of an in-soil repellent for pocket gophers

A pre- and post-monitoring study was conducted of the potential use of capsicum oleoresin as an in-soil repellent for northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides). Pocket gophers were captured in irrigated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L), affixed with radio transmitters, and monitored daily for location. Six plots (4.87 × 4.87m) each were randomly assigned to capsicum oleoresin and soybean oil treatments; these were set up based upon the centers of initial core areas of gophers. Mean (±SD) volumes of capsicum oleoresin and water and soybean oil and water mixtures (10 + 90 by volume) dispensed onto plots equaled 178.5 (±4.7) and 175.7 (±14.0) liters, respectively. Movements (m) of the radio-transmitted gophers from plot centers were computed for four daily readings (i.e., 0801-1000, 1101-1300, 1501-1700 and 1801-2000h). Spectrophotometric analysis of soil samples from capsicum oleoresin plots validated the presence of capsicum on plots and the absence of capsicum on placebo- and off-plot locations. Analysis of variance for movement distances of gophers yielded a Date main effect (F(11, 103) = 2.08, P ≤ 0.03) and a Date × Reading (time) interaction (F(32, 299) = 3.21, P ≤ 0.01). Results showed that gophers were located farther from plot centers for the 0801-1000 and 1501-1700h telemetry readings for ≤3days post- chemical application—a probable 'disturbance' effect rather than a chemical-induced avoidance. In a prior laboratory study, capsicum oleoresin and soil treatments of 1.5% w/w capsicum caused nearly a 50% decrease in soil contact time by gophers relative to placebo-exposed control animals. This implies that procedural variables warrant revision before abandoning this approach. The potential for soil insertion of repellents as a technique for expelling pocket gophers from territories and some methodological changes for future research of the technique are discussed. Published in 2005 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Workhorse Flaps for Soft Tissue Coverage in the Hand

Soft tissue defects of the hand are frequent and can be due to a variety of causes, including trauma, infection, and tumor. Numerous flaps have been described for the coverage of these defects but in our hands we have found 3 flaps capable of providing coverage for the majority of hand defects; these flaps include the first dorsal metacarpal artery island flap, the heterodigital island flap, and the radial forearm flap (with its variations, including perforator-based and fascia-only flaps). This article will provide an overview of the surgical technique required for successful usage of these 3 flaps.
Liapunov functions for closed relations

We create real valued continuous functions which decrease on orbits of relations. This will generalize the notion of Liapunov functions to the more abstract setting of closed relations on compact Hausdorff spaces.
Experimentally‐ and Dislocation‐Based Multi‐scale Modeling of Metal Plasticity Including Temperature and Rate Effects

Excluding high‐temperature creep, the plastic deformation of metals occurs by the motion of dislocations that produce slip on various slip planes in various slip directions. It is thus natural to seek to develop constitutive relations for metal plasticity, based on the concept of dislocations and their kinematics and kinetics. Such an approach has been successfully used by a number of investigators over the past several decades. More recently, however, the development of the recovery Hopkinson techniques by this writer and his coworkers at UCSD’s CEAM, has provided important experimental tools to obtain reliable data on stress‐strain response of variety of metals over broad ranges of strain rates and temperatures. A wealth of information has become available to guide and verify constitutive models that are proposed to describe metal plasticity. Using such data, I have been able to create a class of dislocation‐based models that involve a few material constants, and seem to accurately characterize the response of a large number of metals over 10−4 to 105/s strain rates, and 77 to 1,300K temperatures.
On non-Lie ansatzes and new exact solutions of the classical Yang-Mills equations

We ssuggest an eective method for reducing Yang-Mills equations to systems of ordinary dierential equations. With the use of this method, we construct wide families of new exact solutions of the Yang-Mills equations. Analysis of the solutions obtained shows that they correspond to conditional symmetry of the equations under study.
Coupling metrics for ontology-based system

Measuring system coupling is a commonly accepted software engineering practice associated with producing high-quality software products. Coupling metrics traditionally measure data passed across a module interface to determine couplings between modules in a given system. XML has become common in Internet-based application domains such as business-to-business and business-to-consumer applications, and has formed a basis for service-oriented architectures such as Web services and the Semantic Web. We therefore need new coupling metrics that address these systems' unique requirements. We propose a set of coupling metrics for ontology-based systems represented in OWL: the number of external classes (NEC), reference to external classes (REC), and referenced includes (RI). To collect these metrics, we use a standard XML-based parser. This research reflects a new type of coupling measurement for system development that defines coupling metrics based on ontology data and its structure.
Characteristics of p-ZnO/n-GaN heterojunction photodetector

Thin film heterojuction of the type p-ZnO/n-GaN was prepared by spray pyrolysis and electron beam evaporation technique, respectively. Hall measurements demonstrate the firm p-type conductivity of the p-doped ZnO film. The structural and electrical properties of the p-ZnO/n-GaN heterojunction are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. The XRD shows that the p-ZnO/n-GaN heterojunction is highly crystalline in nature with preferred orientation along the [0001] direction. The current-voltage curve of the heterojunction demonstrates obvious rectifying diode behavior in the dark and under illumination conditions. The ideality factor of the detector was determined in case of forward bias at low voltages and it was found to be 13.35. The turn-on voltage appears at about 1V under forward-biased voltage, and the reverse breakdown voltage is about 4V. It was found that the current of the illumination increases with the increase of bias voltages.
Holding on to Our Own: Factors Affecting the Recruitment and Retention of Science Librarians

SUMMARY The graying of the library profession means that recruiting and retaining librarians is essential to maintaining quality services and ensuring that libraries have a store of potential leaders. Science librarian positions often draw smaller pools of applicants than social science or humanities positions, making it even more important that good hires are retained. We examine programs that contribute to recruitment and retention as well as some of the trends in science librarianship and the impact on science librarians. The differences in the needs and practices of new librarians versus mid-career science and technology librarians are also discussed. Solutions to the shortage of science librarians need to include creative recruitment, support for research and professional development, and promotion of involvement in national organizations.
Calibration and validation of linearity in chromatographic biopharmaceutical analysis.

Abstract Calibration in chromatographic biopharmaceutical analysis is a major determinate of method performance and many methods have been proposed to evaluate an appropriate calibration model, to determine the linear range and to evaluate the goodness of fit. Ten chromatographic bioanalytical methods have been evaluated in this work by observation of concentration—response curves, linearity plots, calculation of concentration residuals, correlation coefficients and lack of fit analysis. These methods were applied to univariant linear regression, weighted regression, polynomial regression and power fit models in order to determine the most appropriate way to establish and evaluate calibration functions. It was found that weighted linear regression provided the most appropriate calibration function for eight of the 10 methods studied, whereas unweighted regression and the power fit model proved appropriate for one each of the other two methods. The choice of calibration function was best accomplished through observation of calculated concentration residuals. Linearity and sensitivity plots were of little value for assessment of linearity through the selected calibration range if conventional (±5%) tolerance limits are employed. Validation of the calibration model can be accomplished by demonstrating the concentration residuals and the slope of the log concentration—log response plots are within reasonable tolerance limits or by lack of fit analysis. Correlation coefficients were demonstrated to be of little value for this purpose and the quadratic approach to linearity validation was in disagreement with other methods in four of the 10 methods evaluated.
What Counts as Literacy

Seth entered my school at the beginning of his 5th grade year. He was from Utah and had moved to the community due to his father’s employment. I had heard of Seth before I met him. He was one of the first children in the school’s history to be given detention on his first day in class. He was already named a “bad” boy and a “troublemaker” by lunchtime.
Action game experimental evidence for effects on aggression and visuospatial cognition: similarities, differences, and one rather foolish question

We are beginning to understand that the social sciences often leap beyond the data, ignore null effects and overstate confidence in cherished beliefs (Ioannidis, 2005; Pashler and Harris, 2012). When perceived health of children is involved, this general effect can be exacerbated into crusade bias; the tendency to distort, overstate, or misrepresent research findings to lend a veneer of science to a polemic social agenda. That this occurred in the field of media violence has been well established (Savage, 2004; Sherry, 2007; Ferguson, 2013). But, with media, a parallel process which we might call a savior bias also emerges in which the media are considered a remarkable game-changer for reinventing society (e.g., McGonigal, 2011). In a few short years, research on action games and aggression has gone from an “absolute truth” (e.g., American Psychological Association, 2005) to a full-blown replication crisis. In this essay I examine the degree to which the field of action games and visuospatial cognition may run similar risks. I wish to be clear that, in the debate on visuospatial cognition research, I respect researchers on both sides, and I hope that my comments may be viewed as constructive suggestions for improving the field, rather than merely as criticisms. With that in mind, here are several observations.
Parallel Implementation of a Subsystem-by-Subsystem Solver

Solving polynomial systems subsystem-by-subsystem means to solve a system of polynomial equations by first solving subsets of the system and then intersecting the results. The approach leads to numerical representations of all the solution components of a system. The focus of this paper is the development of a parallel implementation to solve large systems involving a recursive divide-and- conquer scheme. Because we concentrate our discussion on the distribution of the path tracking jobs, we have selected applications for which we have optimal homotopies, for which all paths converge to regular solutions.