cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EC 1992 FROM A NORTH AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE

Completion of the European Community's internal market will force important changes in the economies of member countries, and the effects of those changes will spill over into the rest of the world. Within the EC, the prevailing view has been steadfast in the expectation that the benefits of further integration will exceed the costs. This has been especially the case among European businessmen, who have been in the lead in this phase of economic integration.1 As the target date of I992 draws closer, however, the level of anxiety, especially about the costs of adjustment, appears to be rising in some sectors and some 2 countries. Attitudes in non-member countries, in both private and official circles, have varied. The initial response from the executive branch in the United States was favourable. There has, however, been considerable fear among U.S. business and labour leaders that completion of the internal market would be accompanied by a conversion of Europe into an economic 'fortress' with sharply reduced access to foreigners. In some European non-member countries - notably Austria and Sweden - the prevailing view favours membership. The insider-outside issue is still being debated in Switzerland and elsewhere and is likely to play a role in the trade strategies of a number of Eastern European countries. In North America, the United States has entered into a free trade agreement with Canada and is poised for negotiations with Mexico. Some have suggested that American interest in regional trading pacts has been motivated in part at least by a strategic desire to strengthen the United States' bargaining hand with the EC. While regionalism thus thrives, the trade talks of the Uruguay Round lie moribund. If completed as planned, the current process of economic integration in Europe will replace a group of national markets, segmented in various degrees by a proliferation of non-tariff barriers, with a single regional market. If plans for monetary integration also reach fruition, they will replace a system of multiple currency areas with a single regional currency domain. From the perspective of the outsider, there are three broad areas of concern about the external effects of the ongoing process of real and monetary integration in Europe. The first, which is discussed in Section II, deals with the implications of goods and resource market integration for outside industries and firms and for outside welfare generally. This includes the direct effects of internal liberalisation and the effects of possible changes in the level of
The Vibrio fischeri quorum-sensing systems ain and lux sequentially induce luminescence gene expression and are important for persistence in the squid host.

Bacterial quorum sensing using acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) as cell-density dependent signalling molecules is important for the transcriptional regulation of many genes essential in the establishment and the maintenance of bacteria-host associations. Vibrio fischeri, the symbiotic partner of the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes, possesses two distinct acyl-HSL synthase proteins, LuxI and AinS. Whereas the cell density-dependent regulation of luminescence by the LuxI-produced signal is a well-described phenomenon, and its role in light organ symbiosis has been defined, little is known about the ain system. We have investigated the impact of the V. fischeri acyl-HSL synthase AinS on both luminescence and symbiotic colonization. Through phenotypic studies of V. fischeri mutants we have found that the AinS-signal is the predominant inducer of luminescence expression in culture, whereas the impact of the LuxI-signal is apparent only at the high cell densities occurring in symbiosis. Furthermore, our studies revealed that ainS regulates activities essential for successful colonization of E. scolopes, i.e. the V. fischeri ainS mutant failed to persist in the squid light organ. Mutational inactivation of the transcriptional regulator protein LuxO in the ainS mutant partially or completely reversed all the observed phenotypes, demonstrating that the AinS-signal regulates expression of downstream genes through the inactivation of LuxO. Taken together, our results suggest that the two quorum-sensing systems in V. fischeri, ain and lux, sequentially induce the expression of luminescence genes and possibly other colonization factors.
Automatic logging of AM, FM, and TV transmitting station parameters

A system is described in this paper which automatically and continuously measures and records parameters associated with amplitude-modulated (AM), frequency-modulated (FM), and television (TV) transmitters, either remote or local. The technical fundamentals used for recording these parameters are also discussed.
Detection of a contaminant cell culture line by restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns of mitochondrial DNA

A putative HeLa cell culture line was discovered to be contaminated with mouse cells by examination of agarose gel profiles of restriction endonuclease digests of mitochondrial DNA. The contamination was confirmed by karyotypic analysis, and by observation of the mouse satellite band in an analytical buoyant density centrifugation of total cellular DNA. Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA is suggested as a useful method for monitoring the species of cells in culture.
THE MICROPOLITICS OF GENDER IN NONINDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Regression analysis using coded ethnographic data from a sample of 93 nonindustrial societies showed that patterns of child rearing and property control are significantly associated with outward displays of men's dominance. In societies in which women exercise significant control over property and men have close relationships with children, men infrequently affirm their manliness through boastful demonstrations of strength, aggressiveness, and sexual potency. Under these conditions, women show less deference to men, and husbands are less likely to dominate wives. Displays of manliness are also prevalent in less complex societies with frequent warfare. An ideology of women's inferiority was found to be most common in complex societies with distant father-child relationships. Illustrative cases are presented, and theoretical explanations for observed correlations are discussed.
Corticosteroid therapy in regressive autism: Preliminary findings from a retrospective study

Some children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; 15% to 30% of patients) show a significant and persistent regression in speech and social function during early childhood. There are no established treatments for the regressive symptoms. However, there are some known causes of this type of regression, such as Rett syndrome and Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS). In LKS, steroids have been used as a treatment. Some evidence suggests an autoimmune contribution to the pathophysiology of autism (Chez MG, Guido-Estrada N: Immune therapy in autism: historical experience and future directions with immunomodulatory therapy. Neurotherapeutics 2010, 7:293–301, Wasilewska J, Kaczmarski M, Stasiak-Barmuta A, Tobolczyk J, Kowalewska E: Low serum IgA and increased expression of CD23 on B lymphocytes in peripheral blood in children with regressive autism aged 3-6 years old. Arch Med Sci 2012, 8:324–331, Stefanatos G: Changing perspectives on Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Clin Neuropsychol 2011, 25:963–988), raising the possibility that steroids might be a useful therapy for regression in ASD. A retrospective study published in BMC Neurology by Duffy et al. (Duffy, et al: Corticosteroid therapy in regressive autism: A retrospective study of effects on the Frequency Modulated Auditory Evoked Response (FMAER), language, and behavior. BMC Neurol 2014, 14:70) reviewed 20 steroid treated R-ASD (STAR) patients and 24 ASD control patients not treated with steroids (NSA). Improvements in clinical function and in a neurophysiological biomarker were seen in the steroid-treated children pre- to post-prednisolone treatment. This research provides a rationale for a randomized trial with steroid therapy to determine the longer term benefits and complications of steroids in this population.
Analysis of efficient coding tools for multi-view and 3D

In response to the rising interest in 3D applications, the joint video team (JVT) has finalized the standardization of multi-view video coding (MVC). MPEG has recently launched the exploration of 3D video (3DV) coding to handle multi-view video plus depth (MVD) format. During the MVC standardization process, two coding tools, motion skip (MS) and illumination compensation (IC), were proposed. The two coding tools showed good coding efficiency in MVC coding environment where all views are coded. However, in 3DV coding environment, a part of views are coded and the remaining views are generated by the view synthesis. In this situation, the correlation between views to be coded may be reduced because the distance between them is larger than that of MVC. In this paper, we employed the two coding tools for 3DV and analyzed their influences by showing the simulation results to see their impact on 3DV coding.
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is required for normal development of skin and thymus.

The tumor suppressor gene Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli) is a member of the Wnt signaling pathway that is involved in development and tumorigenesis. Heterozygous knockout mice for Apc have a tumor predisposition phenotype and homozygosity leads to embryonic lethality. To understand the role of Apc in development we generated a floxed allele. These mice were mated with a strain carrying Cre recombinase under the control of the human Keratin 14 (K14) promoter, which is active in basal cells of epidermis and other stratified epithelia. Mice homozygous for the floxed allele that also carry the K14-cre transgene were viable but had stunted growth and died before weaning. Histological and immunochemical examinations revealed that K14-cre–mediated Apc loss resulted in aberrant growth in many ectodermally derived squamous epithelia, including hair follicles, teeth, and oral and corneal epithelia. In addition, squamous metaplasia was observed in various epithelial-derived tissues, including the thymus. The aberrant growth of hair follicles and other appendages as well as the thymic abnormalities in K14-cre; Apc CKO/CKO mice suggest the Apc gene is crucial in embryonic cells to specify epithelial cell fates in organs that require epithelial– mesenchymal interactions for their development.
Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Community Case-Control Study of Proctosigmoidoscopy, Barium Enema Radiography, and Fecal Occult Blood Test Efficacy

Objective To examine the effectiveness of screening proctosigmoidoscopy, barium enema radiography, and the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in decreasing colorectal cancer mortality in a community setting. Patients and Methods In this population-based case-control study, cases comprised 218 Rochester, Minn, residents who died of colorectal cancer between 1970 and 1993. Controls were 435 age- and sex-matched residents who did not have a diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Screening proctosigmoidoscopy, barium enema radiography, and FOBT results were documented for the 10 years prior to and including the date of diagnosis of fatal colorectal cancer in cases and for the same period in matched controls. History of general medical examinations and hospitalizations was also recorded. Results Within the 10 years prior to diagnosis, the percentages of cases vs controls with at least 1 screening proctosigmoidoscopy were 23 (10.6%) of 218 cases vs 43 (9.9%) of 435 controls; at least 1 screening barium enema radiographic study was done in 12 (5.5%) of 218 vs 25 (5.7%) of 435. Within 3 years prior to diagnosis, the percentages of cases vs controls with at least 1 screening FOBT were 27 (12.4%) of 218 vs 44 (10.1%) of 435. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-5.13) for proctosigmoidoscopy (distal rectosigmoid cancers only), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.31-1.48) for barium enema radiography, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.45-1.52) for FOBT over the above time periods. Conclusions In this case-control study within a community setting, a colorectal cancer-specific mortality benefit could not be demonstrated for screening by FOBT, proctosigmoidoscopy, or barium enema radiography. Screening frequency was low, which may have contributed to the lack of measurable effects.
EMULSIFICATION IN SYSTEMS CONTAINING SOY PROTEIN ISOLATES, SALT AND STARCH

Emulsification in systems containing commercial soy protein isolates, salt and starch was studied at ambient temperature and 4°C. Three levels each of sodium chloride and pregelatinized waxy maize starch were tested; emulsion stability and apparent viscosity were measured. Nine salt-starch combinations were selected for testing in a salad dressing containing one of the isolates; emulsion properties were evaluated by objective and sensory methods. Soy protein isolate, temperature, salt, and starch, along with numerous interactions, affected emulsion stability and viscosity of model systems. Results with the model systems were reasonably predictive of results with the food system.
Adjustment of the San Francisco estuary and watershed to decreasing sediment supply in the 20th century

Abstract The general progression of human land use is an initial disturbance (e.g., deforestation, mining, agricultural expansion, overgrazing, and urbanization) that creates a sediment pulse to an estuary followed by dams that reduce sediment supply. We present a conceptual model of the effects of increasing followed by decreasing sediment supply that includes four sequential regimes, which propagate downstream: a stationary natural regime, transient increasing sediment supply, transient decreasing sediment supply, and a stationary altered regime. The model features characteristic lines that separate the four regimes. Previous studies of the San Francisco Estuary and watershed are synthesized in the context of this conceptual model. Hydraulic mining for gold in the watershed increased sediment supply to the estuary in the late 1800s. Adjustment to decreasing sediment supply began in the watershed and upper estuary around 1900 and in the lower estuary in the 1950s. Large freshwater flow in the late 1990s caused a step adjustment throughout the estuary and watershed. It is likely that the estuary and watershed are still capable of adjusting but further adjustment will be as steps that occur only during greater floods than previously experienced during the adjustment period. Humans are actively managing the system to try to prevent greater floods. If this hypothesis of step changes occurring for larger flows is true, then the return interval of step changes will increase or, if humans successfully control floods in perpetuity, there will be no more step changes.
Barycentric Interpolators for Continuous Space and Time Reinforcement Learning

In order to find the optimal control of continuous state-space and time reinforcement learning (RL) problems, we approximate the value function (VF) with a particular class of functions called the barycentric interpolators. We establish sufficient conditions under which a RL algorithm converges to the optimal VF, even when we use approximate models of the state dynamics and the reinforcement functions.
Ventilatory management in patients after intestinal transplantation

Intestinal transplantation (IT) is a life-saving therapy for the patients with intestinal failure. However, ventilatory management of intestinal transplant recipients in the immediate post-operative period is difficult and challenging. Therefore, our aim was to establish the criteria for postoperative extubation, identify risk factors for prolonged ventilator needs. We conducted an observational, prospective clinical trial and performed retrospective chart reviews of 7 patients receiving IT between 2007 and 2012 at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups; 3 patients were not successfully extubated within 72 hours of the IT operation (ventilated, V) and 4 were (extubated, E). The median age and weight in the V group were significantly lower than the E group, 9.67 yrs vs. 28.25 yrs and 23.33 kg vs. 36.75 kg respectively. When compared to the E group, congenital Hirschprung9s disease as cause of intestinal failure, preexisting respiratory disease, severe acute rejection, immunosuppressive level and longer operation time were more common in the V group. The consequences of not being extubated within 72 hours were increased number of chest radiographs (median 40 for V and 9.5 for E), blood gas draws (median 120 for V and 10 for E,) and length of stay in the ICU (median 31 days for V and 9 days for E). IT has evolved into a therapeutic option, with an overall patient and graft survival rate of 100%. Younger IT recipients were less likely to be extubated within 72 hours of IT operation. Hirschprung9s disease, preexisting respiratory disease, severe acute rejection, immunosuppressive level and longer operation time appear to have an impact on ability to extubate.
Emerging GIS themes and the six senses of the new mind: is GIS becoming a liberation technology?

The past 20 years have witnessed the emergence of a plethora of research themes in GIS that are quite different from conventional GIS practices. This article develops a preliminary framework to loosely knit together the diverse intellectual threads for the emerging GIS themes. It is found that the framework for the six senses of the whole new mind (design, story, symphony, empathy, play and meaning) captures the six major emerging GIS themes remarkably well. Conventional GIS practices have been predominantly concentrating on automated cartography/map-making, spatial modelling, geocomputation and database development with the goal for efficiency, which tend to be closely associated with the left-side/slow thinking capabilities of the human brain. In contrast, the emerging GIS themes focus more on geonarratives, qualitative/mixed methods, storytelling and synthesis with the goal for achieving equity and social justice, which tend to be more closely associated with the right-side/fast thinking capabilities o...
The Impact of an Online Educational Video and a Medical Amnesty Policy on College Students' Intentions to Seek Help in the Presence of Alcohol Poisoning Symptoms

This study analyzed the impact of a medical amnesty policy and an online alcohol poisoning video on college students’ intentions to seek help when witnessing alcohol poisoning symptoms. Students were randomly assigned to receive an amnesty policy, alcohol poisoning video, or both. The group that received both treatments was most likely to seek help. Females, abstainers, and those not previously exposed to an alcohol poisoning situation were more likely to seek help.
Fluoroscopy: recording of fluoroscopic images and automatic exposure control.

Some means of recording images is a necessary part of most fluoroscopic systems. Several methods are available for recording images during fluoroscopy. Screen-film recording methods such as use of spot film devices and automatic film changers provide high-spatial-resolution images. Recording images by using the image intensifier (fluorography) provides film or digital images at relatively lower doses but with poorer spatial resolution. Digitally recorded images have better contrast resolution than analog images but lower spatial resolution and represent a compromise between dose and image quality. Motion picture (cine fluorographic) recording requires extremely high dose rates compared with those of lower-resolution videotape recording of motion. Recording systems in fluoroscopy require automatic exposure control for optimum image quality. The same feedback system used to control fluorographic exposures can be used to control exposure rates during fluoroscopy as well. Automatic brightness control maintain...
Relationship Between Right Atrial and Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate During Exercise in Normal Subjects and Patients with Cardiac Disease

An ideal sensing variable for use in rate responsive pacemakers should measure a physiological parameter that closely correlates with heart rate during various activities in a diverse group of subjects. Nineteen patients, 12 normal and 7 patients with heart disease, were studied to assess the relationship between mixed venous oxygen saturation and heart rate. In patients with heart disease right atrial oxygen saturation and heart rate were also compared. Each subject underwent pulmonary artery catheterization and performed seated cycle ergometer exercise. Gas exchange and heart rate were measured continuously and blood sampled at frequent intervals. Normal patients were studied at rest and during steady-state exercise (mean work rate 149 watts). Patients were studied at rest, steady-state exercise (mean work rate 37 watts), and during incremental exercise (5-10 watts/min) to tolerance. There were 248 paired right atrial or mixed venous oxygen saturation/heart rate observations obtained. Changes in mixed venous oxygen saturation and heart rate were not substantially altered by fitness or cardiac disease. Rate responsive pacemakers sensing changes in oxygen saturation may be a superior sensing variable for both normal and patients with heart disease.
Dirichlet Domains of Regularly Spaced Planar Arrays

The infinitely extended plane may be subdivided into mutually congruent regions. We have already found restrictions on the valencies of the faces and vertices of such tessellations; if we wish all vertices to have identical valencies, and also require all faces to have identical valencies, we are limited to triangular, quadrilateral, and hexagonal faces, and respective vertex valencies of 6, 4, and 3. The further requirement that these faces be mutually congruent may impose additional restrictions, which we shall now investigate. It is easy to see that equilateral (equal edge length) faces having all angles equal to each other will satisfy the condition of filling the plane. However, this condition is more restrictive than necessary for congruency.
SEDIMENT INPUT INTO A FLOATING FRESHWATER MARSH: EFFECTS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, BUOYANCY, AND PLANT BIOMASS

Coastal restoration strategies in the Mississippi River Delta Plain include use of direct sediment additions as well as river diversions to reintroduce fresh water and sediments into coastal marshes. Often, these diversions are located in the upper parts of the coastal basins, where fresh water floating marshes predominate. Floating marshes are wetlands of emergent vascular vegetation that have a significant mat of live and dead roots, dead organic material, and mineral sediments. Mats move vertically as ambient water levels rise and fall. As such, extensive water exchange is maintained below the mat, while overland sheet flow is reduced or eliminated, limiting inorganic sediment input. Thus, the effect of sediment introduction into floating marsh wetlands is unknown. In this study, we documented marsh mat response to Mississippi River sediment addition and measured change in soil properties, species composition change, and growth of vegetation. The study included two sites located in seasonally floating thin-mat marshes dominated by spikerush (Eleocharis baldwinii). At each site, 16 plots were established. Each 1 m2 plot was randomly assigned one of four treatments: none, low, medium, and high sediment additions, with the highest sediment addition representing approximately 15 years of deposition from an existing river diversion at Caernarvon, Louisiana. With increasing sediment addition, significant increases in bulk density, and significant decreases in percent organic matter in the top 25 cm of the marsh mat were observed. Most of the sediment added remained in the top 10 cm of the marsh mat. No significant differences in water level over the mat were found among treatments, indicating that buoyancy was not affected by sediment addition. Aboveground biomass tended to increase with sediment addition, although the differences were not statistically significant. Belowground biomass was not significantly affected by the addition of sediment. These results indicate that sediment additions at the level supplied by existing diversion structures should not sink floating marsh mats and may have slight positive effects on vegetation biomass.
Is the high school dropout rate an increasing function of the proportion of the population in the US cities that is Hispanic? Exploratory evidence

ABSTRACTThis empirical note seeks to provide preliminary insights into factors that may have influenced the high school dropout rate in the US cities. For some 300-plus cities for the year 2011, OLS estimates reveal that the dropout rate is a decreasing function of both the per cent of the population that is Hispanic and per pupil public education spending at the elementary and secondary levels. In addition, the estimates find that the dropout rate is an increasing function of the per cent of the population that consisted of families with children and that was classified as being at or below the poverty level and the per cent of the population aged 25 years and older that did not have a high school diploma.
TEM study of two-dimensional incommensurate modulationin layered La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7 (0.6 < x < 0.8)

Ruddlesden−Popper n = 2 compounds La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7 with 0.6 ≤ x ≤ 0.8 were synthesized by a citrate gel technique and studied by transmission electron microscopy. Electron diffraction identified the presence of eight satellite reflections around fundamental spots of the basic tetragonal I4/mmm structure. The satellite reflections belong to two sets of two-dimensional incommensurate modulation, and the sets are rotated with respect to each other around [001] by ∼29°. The modulation is sensitive to electron-beam irradiation and rapidly degrades under a focused beam. In situ heating experiments indicated the existence of possible tetragonal-to-incommensurate phase transition around 350 °C, although the presence of the modulation persists up to 500 °C. High-resolution imaging proves that the modulation in the real space is truly two-dimensional and incommensurate and not a combination of one-dimensional commensurate modulations. Such modulation has never been observed before for La−Ca−Mn−O or any other perov...
An Intelligent QoS Multicast Routing Algorithm in IP/DWDM Optical Internet

This paper proposes an ant-colony-algorithm-based intelligent QoS multicast routing algorithm in IP/DWDM optical Internet. Given a QoS multicast request and the delay interval required by the group, the proposed algorithm is able to find a flexible QoS multicast routing tree with near-optimal cost. It constructs the QoS multicast routing tree based on ant colony algorithm, and assigns wavelengths to the tree based on the wavelength graph ideas. It integrates multicast routing and wavelength assignment into one single process, considering load balancing at the same time. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is both feasible and effective.
Agent-Based Simulation for Service Science

The most important building blocks of service systems are human beings. Because of the dynamic and heterogeneous interactions among human beings with their bounded rationality, a service system is recognized as a complex adaptive system to which quantitative scientific analysis is difficult to apply. In this chapter, we discuss a computational approach for such complex adaptive systems called agent-based simulation. Since the 1990s, agent-based simulation has gained significance as a tool to reproduce complex stock market interactions by modeling human traders as software agents. Computer scientists and social scientists are working together to model social systems with interacting heterogeneous agents and simulating their dynamic behaviors using computers. As our computational resources continue to grow rapidly, the application areas for agent-based simulations are spreading into areas of social science that overlap with SSME research. We will introduce several examples of agent-based simulations for marketing, for emissions trading, for communications, and for traffic systems and discuss the contributions of this scientific approach to the study of service systems.
Large signal calculation of amplitron performance

A space charge analysis of the Amplitron is considerably more difficult than that of the magnetron because a frame of reference cannot be found which renders the flow time-independent. Moreover, while considerable progress has been reported at this Congress regarding tne use of high speed computers in the self-consistent field method of electron gun analysis, even after a major effort this method has not given a solution to the space-charge-Iimited magnetron. In view of these obstacles the analysis of the Amplitron has been performed in a much less rigorous manner.
Occult central venous stenosis leading to airway obstruction after subtotal parathyroidectomy.

Abstract Subtotal parathyroidectomy may be indicated in patients with chronic renal failure and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, a population at increased risk for central venous stenosis (CVS) due to repeated vascular access. Here we report a case of complete upper airway obstruction precipitated by subtotal parathyroidectomy with ligation of anterior jugular vein collaterals in a patient with occult CVS. This case demonstrates a previously unreported risk of anterior neck surgery in patients with chronic renal failure. We present a review of the literature and discuss elements of the history and physical examination suggestive of occult CVS, with additional workup proposed for appropriate cases. Recommendations are discussed for perioperative and postoperative care in patients at increased risk for CVS.
The Hippo Pathway Kinases LATS1/2 Suppress Cancer Immunity

Poorly immunogenic tumor cells evade host immunity and grow even in the presence of an intact immune system, but the complex mechanisms regulating tumor immunogenicity have not been elucidated. Here, we discovered an unexpected role of the Hippo pathway in suppressing anti-tumor immunity. We demonstrate that, in three different murine syngeneic tumor models (B16, SCC7, and 4T1), loss of the Hippo pathway kinases LATS1/2 (large tumor suppressor 1 and 2) in tumor cells inhibits tumor growth. Tumor regression by LATS1/2 deletion requires adaptive immune responses, and LATS1/2 deficiency enhances tumor vaccine efficacy. Mechanistically, LATS1/2-null tumor cells secrete nucleic-acid-rich extracellular vesicles, which induce a type I interferon response via the Toll-like receptors-MYD88/TRIF pathway. LATS1/2 deletion in tumors thus improves tumor immunogenicity, leading to tumor destruction by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Our observations uncover a key role of the Hippo pathway in modulating tumor immunogenicity and demonstrate a proof of concept for targeting LATS1/2 in cancer immunotherapy.
Intuitive Cognition and Models of Human–Automation Interaction

Objective:The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the implications of the dominance of intuitive cognition in human reasoning and decision making for conceptualizing models and taxonomies of human–automation interaction, focusing on the Parasuraman et al. model and taxonomy.Background:Knowledge about how humans reason and make decisions, which has been shown to be largely intuitive, has implications for the design of future human–machine systems.Method:One hundred twenty articles and books cited in other works as well as those obtained from an Internet search were reviewed. Works were deemed eligible if they were published within the past 50 years and common to a given literature.Results:Analysis shows that intuitive cognition dominates human reasoning and decision making in all situations examined. The implications of the dominance of intuitive cognition for the Parasuraman et al. model and taxonomy are discussed. A taxonomy of human–automation interaction that incorporates intuitive cognitio...
What the Blind Man Doesn’t See: Downplaying Gender Differences Reduces Men’s Bias Towards Women

Mass media, policy dialogue, and scholarly research send mixed messages about the importance of emphasizing gender differences. In three studies we examine the extent to which downplaying vs. empha...
Real-time neutron source localization and identification with a hand-held, volumetrically-sensitive, moderating-type neutron spectrometer

Abstract Measuring source-dependent properties of free neutrons over a large neutron energy range, with hand-portable instrumentation, continues to push the frontier of neutron detection instrumentation design and analysis techniques. Building on prior work – C.B. Hoshor, et al., A portable and wide energy range semiconductor-based neutron spectrometer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 803 (2015) 68–81 – which focused on demonstrating one-dimensional-based energy-dependent neutron measurement and analysis with a new class of solid-state moderating-type spectrometer, this work introduces two “core” algorithmic methodologies that expand the analysis of neutron thermalization measurements to three spatial dimensions to determine the location and identity of neutron radiation sources in real time. Two extensions of these core methodologies are then proposed to further improve both the accuracy and reliability of source location and identity determinations with this new class of hand-held instrumentation. In 432 preliminary simulation tests, these method extensions are shown to decrease the average source location error by 64% and provide correct identity determinations in all test cases.
Planning while learning operators

This paper describes issues that arise when integrating a planner with a system that learns planning operators incrementally, and our approaches to address these issues. During learning, domain knowledge can be incomplete and incorrect in different ways; therefore the planner must be able to use incomplete domain knowledge. This presents the following challenges for planning: How should the planner effectively generate plans using incomplete and incorrect domain knowledge? How should the planner repair plans upon execution failures? How should planning, learning, and execution be integrated? This paper describes how we address these challenges in the framework of an integrated system, called OBSERVER, that learns planning operators automatically and incrementally. In OBSERVER, operators are learned by observing expert agents and by practicing in a learning-by-doing paradigm. We present empirical results to demonstrate the validity of our approach in a process planning domain. These results show that practicing using our algorithms for planning with incomplete information and plan repair contributes significantly to the learning process.
The Female Façade and the Façade of the Female in the Mini-Series El tiempo entre costuras (2013)

Reading spaces as a metaphor for individual agency and political power, this chapter examines the dialectic tensions inherent in urban spaces as depicted in the 2013 Spanish television miniseries, El tiempo entre costuras, based on Maria Duenas’ 2009 novel. Of particular interest are both urban and liminal spaces—spaces that are neither urban nor rural, both interior and exterior, and in which the public and private comingle—complicating our reading of the effects of urbanization on female agency. What emerges from this approach is the analysis of a contemporary Spanish television series through the lens of what Benjamin Fraser identifies as urban cultural studies—(i.e., cultural studies within an urban frame).
Semi-automated measurement of absolute blood velocity and shear stress in developing embryonic hearts using a MHz FDML swept laser source (Conference Presentation)

Altered hemodynamics in developing embryonic hearts lead to congenital heart diseases, motivating close monitoring of blood flow over several stages of development. Doppler OCT can assess blood flow in tubular hearts where blood velocity increases drastically during the period of cardiac cushion (valve precursors) formation. The blood-induced shear stress undergoes dramatic changes as well, which affects gene expression by the endothelial cells. Previously, we built a high-speed OCT system using an FDML laser (Optores GmbH, Germany) at a sweep rate of 1.68 MHz (axial resolution - 12 μm, sensitivity - 105 dB, phase stability - 96 mrad). The ultra-fast A-line rate of this laser may be used to collect real-time volumetric images of the heart, or can be traded off to obtain dense B-scans for more accurate Doppler measurements with a larger dynamic range using Doppler complex regression. Since we cannot achieve volumetric imaging with dense B-scans, an image-based retrospective gating technique was developed to register the asynchronously acquired dense B-scans to the 4D volumes. The direction of flow was determined by finding the centroid of the Doppler signal from the rearranged B-scans along the heart tube to compute absolute velocity. Subsequently, the cross-section from which the shear stress is calculated was realigned orthogonal to the direction of blood flow to approximate the velocity gradient normal to the wall. In conclusion, our high-speed OCT system will enable semi-automated measurement of the absolute blood velocity, as well as mapping the shear stress exerted on the inner walls of the embryonic hearts.
The Story of a Budapest Garden

The barely one-thousand-square meter garden next to the Dohany Street synagogue, enclosed by a row of arcades, is a symbolic place in the history of the Hungarian Jewry. The site became a public space in 1896 when the house two down from the synagogue (where Theodor Herzl was born) was demolished during the re-planning of the city. The development of the plot only started after World War I, when the Heroes’ synagogue, intended as a memorial to Jewish soldiers, and the park were built. At the end of World War II, the buildings and the garden became part of the Budapest ghetto. When the ghetto was liberated, the dead bodies of thousands of Jews were found in the streets. 2283 of these were buried in the garden, and are still there. The article examines the story of the cemetery-garden, and its uses as a memorial place.
Rational Design of DNA Minor Groove-Binding Anti-Tumor Drugs

Many of the most useful antitumor drugs act by binding directly to double-helical DNA, interfering with both replication and transcription. Some of these drugs intercalate between adjacent base pairs. A second important class consists of those that bind within the minor groove of B-DNA. These latter tend to show a sequence specificity, binding best to regions of several successive A.T base pairs. We have embarked on a planned course of study of the molecular structures of complexes of such groove-binding drugs with synthetic DNA oligomers, with two goals: to understand the basis for sequence specificity, and to design new drug analogues that are capable of binding specifically to any desired base sequence. Such sequencereading molecules should be capable of being directed against key sequences typical of neoplastic rather than normal cells, or invader rather than host cells. If such molecules become a reality, they should have considerable importance in chemotherapy, directing their action against targeted cells and avoiding some of the more unpleasant side effects associated with chemotherapy.
( p , p ′ γ ) Angular Correlations at Low Energy

At an incident proton bombarding energy of 6.5 Mev, angular correlations were measured between protons scattered inelastically from various even-even nuclei and the decay gamma rays from the first excited states of these nuclei. The angular correlation experiments reported are C/sup 12/(p,p' gamma ) 4.4 Mev, Li/sup 7/(p,p' gamma ) 0.48 Mev Cr/sup 52/(p,p' gamma ) 1.44 Mev, Ne/sup 20/(p,p' gamma ) 1.63 Mev, Si/sup 28/(p,p' gamma ) 1.78 Mev, and S/sup 32/(p,p' gamma ) 2.25 Mev, which were done for proton detector angles of 60 deg , 90 deg , and 120 deg . The measured angular correlation functions are all of the form A + B STAsin/sup 2/2( theta -- theta /sub 0/)!, where theta /sub 0/ is the axis of symmetry. None of the symmetry directions agreed with predictions of the simple directreaction theories. However, the symmetry direction for the correlation functions changed with proton detector angle for the experiments on C/sup 12/, Ne/ sup 20/, and S/sup 32/; for the experiment of Si/sup 28/ the angular correlation functions were symmetric about 90 deg , independent of proton detector angle. The results of the angular correlation experiments appear to be consistent with a collective interaction involved inmore » these direct-type reactions rather than a nucleon-nucleon type collision at the nuclear surface. (auth)« less
The Almshouse in Dutch and English Colonial North America and its Precedent in the Old World: Historical and Archaeological Evidence

To establish historical and archaeological contexts for the case studies presented in this volume, this paper presents a review of the literature on the history and archaeology of almshouses. Because both English and Dutch colonial almshouses were based on European precedents, this paper examines historical research and archaeological work conducted in The Netherlands and England, as well as their North American colonies.
Parallel variable-resolution bathymetric estimation with static load balancing

Abstract A method for partitioning a large computation task (direct, variable resolution bathymetric grid construction from raw observations) into thread-parallel code is described. Based on the data density estimated for the first pass of the chrt algorithm, this algorithm statically partitions the estimation task into spatially distinct blocks of approximately equal total data observation count so that each can be executed in parallel and be expected to complete approximately concurrently. No communication between blocks or further load balancing is therefore required. A branch-and-bound algorithm is used to control the complexity of the partitioning task, but the computation time increases significantly as more partitions are required, leading to a degree of diminishing returns for allocating further computational resources and suggesting alternative approaches for high thread-count systems. Speed-up of the algorithm over a pair of test datasets (using real-world hydrographic survey data) shows that the performance consistently improves with the number of computational tasks assigned, initially (super-) linearly, although ultimately sub-linearly as other resource sharing limitations take over. An overall speedup of 4.1 times is demonstrated with a quad-core single-processor workstation.
Terrible triad injuries of the elbow

Terrible triad injury of the elbow is a complex injury that is classically defined as elbow dislocation along with fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna and the radial head. The injury is usually associated with typical soft-tissue disruptions (with common involvement of the lateral collateral ligament complex, elbow joint capsule, as well as the common extensor and flexor-pronator tendons) that are best understood in the context of injury mechanism as well as the role and relevance of the various elbow stabilizers. The goals of this article are to review the pertinent anatomy, mechanism of injury, classification and imaging of terrible triad injuries of the elbow with brief descriptions of treatment, and complications of this complex injury.
IntroductionOpen image in new window

Virtually all of our knowledge of the Earth’s past history comes from observations, and interpretation of those observations changes as we develop better understanding of the processes that shape the planet.
Morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular features of hypermutation in colorectal carcinomas with mutations in DNA polymerase ε (POLE).

Aims Colorectal carcinomas (CRC) with mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency have increased tumour mutation burden and respond to immune check-point inhibitor therapy. The Cancer Genome Atlas identified hypermutated CRCs with somatic mutations in DNA polymerase e (POLE) with mutation burdens exceeding that of MMR-deficient CRCs. Methods and results To identify the morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular features of POLE-mutated CRCs, 63 consecutive MMR-intact CRCs were evaluated by Sanger sequencing for POLE exonuclease domain mutations in exons 9, 11, 13 and 14 and confirmed by next-generation sequencing. Tumour immune microenvironment and IMMUNOSCORE®1 were assessed in POLE-mutated CRCs using immunohistochemistry to detect CD3+ /CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and compared to 59 non-POLE mutated MMR-intact CRC, 10 non-POLE mutated MMR-deficient CRCs and 223 normal colonic mucosa. Conclusions A total of 4.8% CRC (four MMR-intact primary and one MMR-intact metastasis) harboured POLE mutations in amino acid 286 in exon 9 (p.P286R) or exon 13 (p.V411L). POLE-mutated CRCs arose in the transverse colon and rectum, were male-predominant, younger and showed increased tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune cells at the tumour-stromal interface. The patient with metastatic POLE-mutated CRC was placed on PD-1 inhibitor treatment with marked and sustained response. These data indicate that POLE-mutated CRCs have hypermutated phenotypes despite MMR-intact status, with mutation burdens higher than that in microsatellite-unstable CRCs. Given the recent approval for treatment of microsatellite-unstable cancer with immune check-point inhibitors, assessment of POLE status may help to guide therapeutic decisions for hypermutated tumours with intact MMR that would otherwise be missed by routine testing.
Non-pharmacological Weight Loss Program in a Rural Community: Feasibility Study

Background Obesity is a complex health problem that affects over one-third of US adults. Obesity rates are higher in rural communities, which may not have the resources to address. A community-based non-pharmacological weight loss program was implemented to address the limitations of managing rural obesity, specifically cost and transportation. Methods A descriptive study was used to explore the feasibility of an 8-week non-pharmacological weight loss program that included nutrition and healthy lifestyle education for overweight or obese adult residents of a rural community in Western Maryland (n=23). Results The program was low-cost and had high participant satisfaction. Participants whom completed the program showed an increase in motivation to making lifestyle changes (p=0.0002); consumed fewer calories from fat (p=0.029); and had a small change in BMI (p=0.0389). The increase in physical activity minutes with program completion was not statistically significant (p=0.2285). Weather, family and work obligations were barriers to attendance. Conclusions This rural community-based weight loss program was feasible, addressed the barriers of cost and transportation, and can be adapted to meet the needs of other rural communities. Keywords: obesity, obesity intervention, rural, community, feasibility, non-pharmacological DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v19i2.516