cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient Hemispatial Neglect After Surgical Resection of a Right Frontal Lobe Mass

Background Hemispatial neglect is classically associated with damage to the inferior parietal lobule of the right hemisphere, but is also infrequently linked with damage to the frontal lobe. A patient with contralateral hemispatial neglect after surgical resection of a right posterior inferior frontal lobe mass is described. Case Description A 47-year-old right-hand dominant man presented after a focal motor seizure with secondary generalization. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrated a right inferior frontal lobe lesion, which was subsequently resected. Postoperatively, the patient was found to have a dense left-sided spatial hemineglect consisting of motor, sensory, and visual symptoms. During the ensuing week, the neglect resolved and the patient regained awareness of his left hemispace. Conclusions Although hemispatial neglect has been documented after stroke to the nondominant frontal lobe, to our knowledge this is the first report of transient hemispatial neglect after removal of a posterior inferior frontal lobe tumor. The neuroanatomic substrates underlying hemispatial neglect were investigated in an effort to explain our patient's clinical syndrome. In addition, the investigators suggest that special precautions and/or more detailed testing may be warranted intraoperatively when resecting inferior frontal lobe tumors.
Trends in high northern latitude soil freeze and thaw cycles from 1988 to 2002

[1] In boreal and tundra ecosystems the freeze state of soils limits rates of photosynthesis and respiration. Here we develop a technique to identify the timing of freeze and thaw transitions of high northern latitude land areas using satellite data from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I). Our results indicate that in Eurasia there was a trend toward earlier thaw dates in tundra (−3.3 ± 1.8 days/decade) and larch biomes (−4.5 ± 1.8 days/decade) over the period 1988–2002. In North America there was a trend toward later freeze dates in evergreen conifer forests by 3.1 ± 1.2 days/decade that led, in part, to a lengthening of the growing season by 5.1 ± 2.9 days/decade. The growing season length in North American tundra increased by 5.4 ± 3.1 days/decade. Despite the trend toward earlier thaw dates in Eurasian larch forests, the growing season length did not increase because of parallel changes in timing of the fall freeze (−5.4 ± 2.1 days/decade), which led to a forward shift of the growing season. Thaw timing was negatively correlated with surface air temperatures in the spring, whereas freeze timing was positively correlated with surface air temperatures in the fall, suggesting that surface air temperature is one of several factors that determines the timing of soil thaw and freeze. The high spatial resolution, frequent temporal coverage, and duration of the SMMR and SSM/I satellite records makes them suitable for rigorous time series analysis and change detection in northern terrestrial ecosystems.
Aggress to impress: hostility as an evolved context-dependent strategy.

Given the high costs of aggression, why have people evolved to act aggressively? Comparative biologists have frequently observed links between aggression, status, and mating in nonhuman animals. In this series of experiments, the authors examined the effects of status, competition, and mating motives on men’s and women’s aggression. For men, status motives increased direct aggression (face-to-face confrontation). Men’s aggression was also boosted by mating motives, but only when observers were other men. For women, both status and mating motives increased indirect aggression (e.g., socially excluding the perpetrator). Although neither status nor mating motives increased women’s direct aggression, women did become more directly aggressive when motivated to compete for scarce resources. These context- and sex-specific effects on human aggression contribute to a broader understanding of the functional nature of aggressive behavior.
Ultimate scaling limits for high-frequency GaAs MESFETs

The scaling relationships of GaAs MESFETs are investigated by examining the dimensions and material parameters of devices fabricated over the past 22 years (1966 to 1988). Scaling rules are suggested that will account for the collected data. Extrapolation of the extracted scaling rules to very small geometries along with consideration of basic physical principles, suggests ultimate scaling limits for millimeter-wave GaAs MESFETs. >
Training with simulation improves residents' endovascular procedure skills.

Background Endovascular procedure simulators are now commercially available and in use for physician training. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of simulation-based training in vascular surgery residencies. Methods Residents from vascular surgery programs in a five-state area were invited to participate in a series of 2-day endovascular training programs that used a high-fidelity endovascular procedure simulator (SimSuite; Medical Simulation Corporation, Denver, Colo), didactic instruction, computer-based training, and tabletop procedure demonstrations. The curriculum covered arteriography and intervention for treatment of aortoiliac, renal, and carotid artery disease. Nine residents participated, with one to three per training session. Each completed an average of 9.5 simulated endovascular cases. Performance on a standardized TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus B iliac angioplasty/stenting case was used to assess endovascular skills and knowledge at the beginning of the training program, and this was repeated at the completion of the training. Performance metrics were measured by the simulator, faculty observed trainees' performance of simulated cases, and trainees provided their evaluations of the usefulness of the simulation experiences. Results Endovascular procedural skills on the standardized iliac intervention case improved after completion of the training program. Compared with performance early on day 1, performance improved ( P ≤ .05; paired t test): total procedure time decreased 54%, volume of contrast decreased 44%, and fluoroscopy time decreased 48% (mean change from baseline). Selection of angioplasty balloon catheters and stents was improved, and the average number of catheters used and stents deployed decreased, although this did not reach statistical significance. Faculty observation allowed identification of shortcomings of knowledge and skills, including common problems with selection of catheter, balloon, and stent sizes; correct positioning of the sheath; and intraprocedural monitoring. Postcourse evaluations indicated support for the use of simulation in vascular surgery residents' endovascular training. Conclusions Training with a simulator, incorporated into an individual or small group learning session, offers a means to learn and realistically practice endovascular procedures without direct risk to patients, with measurable improvements in key performance metrics. How simulation training affects subsequent clinical performance has yet to be established.
A Compositional Proof Method for Linearizability Applied to a Wait-Free Multiset

We introduce a compositional, complete proof method for linearizability that combines temporal logic, rely-guarantee reasoning and possibilities. The basic idea of our proof method is that each process must preserve possibility steps as an additional guarantee condition for linearizability. To illustrate the expressiveness of our method, we apply it to a wait-free multiset implementation with intricate linearization points. Both the soundness of our method as well as its application to our multiset have been mechanized in the interactive verifier KIV.
Acquisition and Maintenance of Mycangial Fungi by Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Two mycangial fungi, Ceratocystis nigracarpa Davidson and an unidentified basidiomycete, were isolated from the walls of pupal chambers made by Dendroctollus brevicomis LeConte, along with another fungus, Ceratocystis minor Hedge, which is closely associated with the beetle but not found in thc mycangium. Beetles eclosing to the adult stage under axenic conditions had empty mycangia, whereas those eclosing within the pupal chambers acquired spores of both mycangial fungi. Beetles emerging from standing trees had only spores in their mycangia. However, beetles responding to pheromone-baited trees had mycangia filled with spores and mycalia, as did ovipositing females removed from under the bark of newly colonized ponderosa pine. Thus, there is an 8- to 10-day delay between the time beetles emerge and the time the fungi grow and completely fill the mycangium. Beetles apparently do not colonize trees during this time, which suggests that there is a lag between emergence of new adult females and responsiveness to pheromone.
Numerical Study of Two-Phase Flows in Microchannels Using the Level Set Method

There is considerable ongoing research on multiphase flows in microfluidic systems. This paper presents a numerical procedure for studying two phase flows in microchannels based on the level set method. Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are used in both the gas and liquid phases. The interface is computed as the zero level set and the level set function is computed using a level set advection equation. The numerical scheme is based on a standard staggered MAC grid for discretization. The spatial discretization is carried out by using a fifth order WENO scheme for the convective terms and a second order discretization for all other terms. The numerical procedure was validated using comparisons with existing numerical studies and with a grid independence study. The numerical simulations are used to study a cross-shaped gas/liquid mixing section which produces monodisperse gas bubbles coflowing with liquids in a micro-channel. The surface tension, liquid flow rates and gas flow rates are varied and their effects on the bubble sizes and frequencies are studied. The numerical results are compared and found to be in good agreement with existing experimental results.
Controlled Synthesis of Rh Nanoparticles on TiO2(110) via Rh(CO)2(acac)

The adsorption of Rh(CO)2(acac) (acac is acetylacetonate) on a TiO2(110) single crystal surface has been examined using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When Rh(CO)2(acac) is deposited onto the TiO2(110) surface at room temperature, features are observed by STM suggesting monomeric species that bind preferentially to oxygen vacancy sites. DFT calculations suggest that these features must be partially deligated organometallic species and that oxygen vacancies are critical to the deligation process. Exposing the observed surface species to CO at 373 K results in the formation of clusters approximately 2–3 nm in diameter and 0.3–0.8 nm in height.
Hybrid Bilayer Membrane: A Platform To Study the Role of Proton Flux on the Efficiency of Oxygen Reduction by a Molecular Electrocatalyst

In this report, we present a novel platform to study proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) by controlling the proton flux using an electrode-supported hybrid bilayer membrane (HBM). Oxygen reduction by an iron porphyrin was used as a model PCET reaction. The proton flux was controlled by incorporating an aliphatic proton carrier, decanoic acid, into the lipid layer of the HBM. Using this system, we observed a different catalytic behavior than obtained by simply changing the pH of the solution in the absence of an HBM.
Current Status and Countermeasures of Human Resource in Wenchuan CDC

Objective To analyze the human resources in Wenchuan CDC and to provide reference for other county-level race regions. Methods Questionnaire survey,in-depth review and conversaziones were conducted to collected data,which was analyzed by EpiData and Microsoft Excel. Results There are 33 staffs in Wenchuan CDC,in them 31( 93. 93%) were technicist,2( 6. 06%) were logistics workers. The age composition was with big percentage in middle and small percentage in both ends. Most staffs worked for 10 to 29 years. A percentage of 88. 88% staffs had college degree or above,39. 40% had bachelor degree. There were 91. 91% of them had primary or medium-grade professional title,57. 58% had primary title. Only 45. 45% of them were occupied in public health or heath inspection. Conclusion The specialty structure in Wenchuan CDC is unreasonable. Thus,it is urgent to enhance the professional competence,optimize the structure of human resource and stabilize the talent team.
Extreme Wind Speeds at 129 Airport Stations

Information is presented on extreme wind speeds at 129 airport stations in the contiguous United States at which reliable records are available over a number of consecutive years. This information is provided to serve as basic documentation from which appropriate decisions can be made on values of design wind speeds to be specified: (1) In building codes and standards; and (2)on projects that warrant special consideration from the wind loading standpoint.
Secure Application Manager

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses implementation of Secure Application Manager (SAM). SAM is a lightweight client that provides dynamic port forwarding over Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SAM supports both Microsoft Windows and non-Windows systems, and the Java version of SAM works on Windows, Mac, and Linux. The Instant Virtual Extranet (IVE) is capable of automatically provisioning one of several SAM clients and no initial software on the client is necessary. Java SAM (JSAM) application profiles allow similar client/server intermediation access in a cross-platform environment, allowing Windows, Mac, and Linux computers to connect. JSAM features secure client/server traffic using access control policies that allow or deny access from clients based either on basic resource lists, or extremely flexible and powerful detailed rules. The Auto-uninstall Secure Application Manager feature will uninstall WSAM when a user disconnects. It is found that the Auto-upgrade Secure Application Manager feature is very useful for maintaining an up-to-date WSAM client on each connecting computer.
Ethics Programs in Global Businesses: Culture's Role in Managing Ethics

Even if there were widespread cross-cultural agreement on the normative issues of business ethics, corporate ethics management initiatives (e.g., codes of conduct, ethics telephone lines, ethics offices) which are appropriate in one cultural setting still could fail to mesh with the management practices and cultural characteristics of a different setting. By uncritically adopting widely promoted American practices for managing corporate ethics, multinational businesses risk failure in pursuing the ostensible goals of corporate ethics initiatives. Pursuing shared ethical goals by means of culturally inappropriate management practices, in short, can undermine the effectiveness of ethics management efforts. This article explicates how several important dimensions of culture can influence the effectiveness of common ethics initiatives, and recommends the development and application of a culture-structure contingency analysis in the task of encouraging ethical behavior in global businesses.
New looks at old materials: Nano-mechanics and nano-chemistry of shale and bitumen

New results on the nanoscale mechanics of shale and the nano-mechanics and nano-chemistry of asphalt binder (bitumen) will be presented in the context of the history and promise of atomic force microscopy.
Comparisons between SEC's SAB 101 and 104 Revenue Recognition Rules with the New Converged Revenue Recognition Standard Effective for Periods Beginning after December 15, 2017

This paper is the discussion and side by side comparisons between existing and proposed revenue recognition standards "Comparisons between SEC’s SAB 101 and 104 Revenue Recognition rules with the new converged Revenue Recognition standard effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2017."
A method for evaluating cocaine-induced social preference in rats.

Drug addicts are extremely sensitive to cues that predict drug availability and exposure to these cues can facilitate drug relapse. Cues vary in their nature but can include drug-associated paraphernalia, environmental contexts, and discrete conditioned stimuli (e.g., advertisements). One cue that has recently been heavily investigated is that of social interaction. To date, it has been demonstrated that when cocaine is conditioned with social interaction, place preference for cocaine significantly increases, suggesting that the presence of social interaction during a drug-associated “high” enhances the magnitude of drug reward. When social interaction is provided in a mutually exclusive, non-drug environment though, it can serve as a preventative stimulus towards cocaine seeking. What remains unknown is whether contact with rats associated with drug experience facilitates preferential social interactions for those rats. The first step in answering this question is to determine if rats can behaviorally discriminate between drug-associated and non-drug-associated conspecifics, much like humans can differentiate their “drug-friends” from their non-drug-using friends. Using a custom social interaction chamber, in which rats were able to interact with two distinct conspecifics via holes in a boundary wall, we demonstrate that rats exhibit more interactive and investigative behavior towards a partner that was consistently present during the drug-state, than a partner that was present when the rat was “sober”. It is our hope that this protocol will contribute to the development of models designed to study social cue-induced reinstatement, and related neural substrates, and will ultimately contribute to the treatment of substance use disorders.
Absence of Functional Sirtuin 3 Alters Fatty Acid and Glucose Metabolism Following 4-OH-PCB11 Exposure

Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) is the major deacetylase in mitochondria. It has been determined that SIRT3 null mice have deficiencies in ATP production and demonstrate a susceptibility to develop metabolic syndrome. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic pollutants that accumulate in adipose tissue, and have been shown to disturb metabolism. They have been suggested to contribute to metabolic disease states such as diabetes and obesity. Our goal is to examine the effects of 4-hydroxy-3,3’-dichlorobiphenyl (4OH-PCB11), a major PCB 11 metabolite, on fatty acid and glucose metabolism using embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) isolated from SIRT3 wild type and SIRT3 null mice. RT² Profiler™ PCR Array for fatty acid metabolism exhibited a dose dependent up-regulation of Acot12, Acsbg2, Acsm2, Fabp1, Oxct2a, Gk2, Hmgs2, LpI, SLC27A5 and Acsl1 genes in Sirt3 –/– MEFs compared to Sirt3 +/+ MEFs following 24 h treatment with 0.1, 1, and 3 μM 4OH-PCB11. PCR Array for glucose metabolism also demonstrated up-regulation of G6pc, Pdk4, and Prps1L1 in both Sirt3 –/– and Sirt3 +/+ MEFs upon 3 μM 4OH-PCB11 exposure, however fold increases in the expression of these genes were more pronounced in the knockout background. On the other hand, the expression of Pygl gene was down-regulated in both Sirt3 –/– and Sirt3 +/+ MEFs at comparable levels. Our future studies will investigate the enzymatic activities of proteins encoded by these genes as well as utilize a proteomics approach to determine if they are specific Sirt3 targets during PCB induced cellular stress. Supported by NIGMS P20- GM109005, NIEHS R15 ES022781, and P42 ES013661.
Signatures of reconnection in eruptive flares

Abstract Solar flares are defined by magnetism. The energy that is stored up, transferred, and released is done so in and by the magnetic fields of the Sun; the structures in which the flares occur are wholly dependent on the configuration of magnetic connections; and it is the rearrangement of these connections that we believe plays such a large and important role in many of the processes observed in flares. Many of our theoretical pictures of flare mechanisms rely in some part on magnetic reconnection, and one by one the observable signatures of these models are being uncovered in chromospheric and coronal data. These data, in turn, introduce observational constraints that help to drive the models. I will summarize some key observations that have helped to support the case for reconnection, and that have helped us to peer more deeply into the behavior of coronal plasmas and magnetic fields.
Extensive Differential Splicing Underlies Phenotypically Plastic Aphid Morphs

Phenotypic plasticity results in a diversity of phenotypes from a single genotype in response to environmental cues. To understand the molecular basis of phenotypic plasticity, studies have focused on differential gene expression levels between environmentally determined phenotypes. The extent of alternative splicing differences among environmentally determined phenotypes has largely been understudied. Here, we study alternative splicing differences among plastically produced morphs of the pea aphid using RNA-sequence data. Pea aphids express two separate polyphenisms (plasticity with discrete phenotypes): a wing polyphenism consisting of winged and wingless females and a reproduction polyphenism consisting of asexual and sexual females. We find that pea aphids alternatively splice 34% of their genes, a high percentage for invertebrates. We also find that there is extensive use of differential spliced events between genetically identical, polyphenic females. These differentially spliced events are enriched for exon skipping and mutually exclusive exon events that maintain the open reading frame, suggesting that polyphenic morphs use alternative splicing to produce phenotype-biased proteins. Many genes that are differentially spliced between polyphenic morphs have putative functions associated with their respective phenotypes. We find that the majority of differentially spliced genes is not differentially expressed genes. Our results provide a rich candidate gene list for future functional studies that would not have been previously considered based solely on gene expression studies, such as ensconsin in the reproductive polyphenism, and CAKI in the wing polyphenism. Overall, this study suggests an important role for alternative splicing in the expression of environmentally determined phenotypes.
Soil strength and water content influences on corn root distribution in a sandy soil

Initial field observations revealed a shallow corn (Zea mays L.) root system on a Zimmerman fine sand in a corn/soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Since root distribution influences crop water and nutrient absorption, it is essential to identify factors limiting root growth. The objective of this study was to determine the factor(s) limiting corn rooting depth on an irrigated fine sand soil. Bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil water retention were measured on undisturbed soil cores. Corn root distribution assessed at tasseling over a 3-yr period showed an average of 94% of total root length within the upper 0.60 m of soil with 85% in the upper 0.30 m of soil. Mechanical impedance was estimated with a cone penetrometer on two dates with differing water contents. Cone penetrometer measurements greater than 3 MPa indicated mechanical impedance in soil layers extending from 0.15 to 0.35 m deep. Penetration resistance decreased as soil water content increased. However, soil water contents greater than field capacity were required to decrease penetration resistance below the 3 MPa threshold. Such water saturated conditions only occurred for short periods immediately after precipitation or irrigation events, thus roots usually encountered restrictive soil strengths. The soil layer from 0.15 to 0.60 m had high bulk density, 1.57 Mg m-3. This compacted soil layer, with slower saturated hydraulic conductivities (121 to 138 mm hr-1), held more water than the soil above or below it and reduced water movement through the soil profile. Crop water use occurred to a depth of approximately 0.75 m. In conclusion, a compacted soil layer confined roots almost entirely to the top 0.60 m of soil because it had high soil strength and bulk density. The compacted layer, in turn, retained more water for crop use.
The Thick Womb

Scottish Highlanders were typically denigrated as unintelligent brutes in early modern geohumoralism, given their exposure to cold, violent winds that penetrated their internal temperaments. This chapter discusses how geohumoral notions of breastfeeding, menstruation, and sexuality contribute to Lady Macbeth’s characterization, as she cultivates an early modern Scottish perspective on her female anatomy to control her humoral temperament and internal passions. Over the course of the play, Lady Macbeth is impacted by a lack of sleep, humoral imbalance, and smoky air, rendering her vulnerable to the surrounding, toxic environment. By scrutinizing the semiotic coding of the amenorrhea she forcefully summons, this chapter recovers her geohumoral subjectivity as significant to her madness.
On the composition of part-set cues.

Two experiments examined whether the specific composition of the set of cues might influence performance on a part-set cueing task. Although researchers traditionally have chosen their part-set cue...
Key beliefs and attitudes for sea-level rise policy

This article reviews key measures of public opinion on sea-level rise (SLR): beliefs, attitudes, issue prioritization, and policy support. To do so, we first assess the influence of SLR beliefs and...
Cost of Care for Patients With Pre-Existing Comorbidities Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating Disease-Specific Perioperative Care.

Abstract Background Investigations suggest a relationship between increased resource utilization with disease burden and advanced age. However, it remains unknown the degree increased resource utilization is associated with pre-existing conditions, before complications occur. Methods This retrospective study identified total hip/knee arthroplasty cases in the Premier Database from 2006 to 2016 (N = 1,613,744), with hospitalization cost as the primary outcome. With a variable combining the conditions and complication, generalized linear models measured associations between condition/complication interaction groups and hospitalization cost. Estimates of percent cost increase by variable were obtained. Results Across all conditions, an increase in cost ranging from 0.38% to 4.28% was found in the absence of a complication. The “Condition = No, Complication = Yes” group was associated with a range of 11.50%-12.40% increase in average hospitalization cost, and the range was 14.43%-30.85% for the “Condition = Yes, Complication = Yes” group. Conclusion We found that having a high-risk condition without a complication accounted only for a modest hospitalization cost increase.
Effects of solvents and polymer on photoluminescence of transferred WS2 monolayers

The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-assisted wet transfer is a commonly used method to transfer chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) onto another substrate. However, the transferred TMDs often show heavy photoluminescence (PL) quenching. This paper evaluates the effects of solvents and polymer involved in the PMMA-assisted wet transfer on the PL intensity of WS2, by systematically exposing CVD-grown WS2 monolayers to solvents and polymer involved during the transfer process. The PL/Raman spectra showed that acetone, IPA, water, and PMMA did not significantly affect the PL characteristics, while KOH caused a heavy PL quenching. The vacuum annealing and acid neutralization removed KOH molecules adsorbed onto WS2. This result warrants further optimization of the PMMA-assisted wet transfer.The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-assisted wet transfer is a commonly used method to transfer chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) onto another substrate. However, the transferred TMDs often show heavy photoluminescence (PL) quenching. This paper evaluates the effects of solvents and polymer involved in the PMMA-assisted wet transfer on the PL intensity of WS2, by systematically exposing CVD-grown WS2 monolayers to solvents and polymer involved during the transfer process. The PL/Raman spectra showed that acetone, IPA, water, and PMMA did not significantly affect the PL characteristics, while KOH caused a heavy PL quenching. The vacuum annealing and acid neutralization removed KOH molecules adsorbed onto WS2. This result warrants further optimization of the PMMA-assisted wet transfer.
A Non-Canonical Cortico-Amygdala Inhibitory Loop.

Discriminating between auditory signals of different affective value is critical for the survival and success of social interaction of an individual. Anatomical, electrophysiological, imaging, and optogenetics approaches have established that the auditory cortex (AC) by providing auditory information to the lateral amygdala (LA) via long-range excitatory glutamatergic projections has an impact on sound-driven aversive/fear behavior. Here we test the hypothesis that the LA also receives GABAergic projections from the cortex. We addressed this fundamental question by taking advantage of optogenetics, anatomical, and electrophysiology approaches and directly examining the functional effects of cortical GABAergic inputs to LA neurons of the mouse (male/female) AC. We found that the cortex, via cortico-lateral-amygdala somatostatin neurons (CLA-SOM), has a direct inhibitory influence on the output of the LA principal neurons. Our results define a CLA long-range inhibitory circuit (CLA-SOM inhibitory projections → LA principal neurons) underlying the control of spike timing/generation in LA and LA–AC projecting neurons, and attributes a specific function to a genetically defined type of cortical long-range GABAergic neurons in CLA communication. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is very well established that cortical auditory inputs to the lateral amygdala are exclusively excitatory and that cortico-amygdala neuronal activity has been shown to be involved in sound-driven aversive/fear behavior. Here, for the first time, we show that the lateral amygdala receives long-range GABAergic projection from the auditory cortex and these form direct monosynaptic inhibitory connections onto lateral amygdala principal neurons. Our results define a cellular basis for direct inhibitory communication from auditory cortex to the lateral amygdala, suggesting that the timing and ratio of excitation and inhibition, two opposing forces in the mammalian cerebral cortex, can dynamically affect the output of the lateral amygdala, providing a general mechanism for fear/aversive behavior driven by auditory stimuli.
Subsonic Jet Noise from Non-Axisymmetric and Tabbed Nozzles

Subsonic jet noise from non-axisymmetric and tabbed nozzles are investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that the noise spectra of these jets are in good agreement with the similarity spectra found empirically earlier by Tam, Golebiowski and Seiner through a detailed analysis of supersonic jet noise data. Further, the radiated noise fields of the jets under study, including elliptic and large aspect ratio rectangular jets, are found to be quite axisymmetric and are practically the same as that of a circular jet with the same exit area. These experimental results strongly suggest that nozzle geometry modification into elliptic or rectangular shapes is not an effective method for jet noise suppression. A lobed nozzle, on the other hand, is found to significantly impact the noise field. Noise from large scale turbulent structures, radiating principally in the downstream direction, is effectively suppressed. Tabs also impact the noise field, primarily by shifting the spectral peak to a higher frequency. A jetlets model is developed to provide a basic understanding of the noise from tabbed jets. The model predicts that the noise spectrum from a jet with N tabs (N > 2) can be obtained from that of the original jet (no tab) by a simple frequency shift. The shifted frequency is obtained by multiplying the original frequency by N(sup 1/2). This result is in fairly good agreement with experimental data.
Symptom and functional recovery monitoring in thoracic surgery

Curative-intent surgery is the treatment of choice for thoracic malignancies, including lung cancer. There is significant complexity and uncertainty associated with the diagnosis, prognosis, and surgical treatment decision-making in thoracic surgery. From a patient point of view, this complexity and uncertainty can be overwhelming. Therefore, for high-quality cancer care, an emphasis on patient-centered care-including the improvement in quality of life (QOL) through symptom and functional monitoring-is essential. Using the current literature and our previous research, the purpose of this paper is to: (I) review the current evidence on symptom and functional monitoring in surgery; (II) describe strategies to monitor symptoms and functional recovery in surgery; and (III) describe a model of patient-centered care in thoracic surgery.
Best practices for safe use of SGLT-2 inhibitors developed from an expert panel Delphi consensus process

Purpose Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have demonstrated glycemic efficacy and cardiovascular and renal benefits in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, they are also associated with serious adverse events (AEs), but little consensus exists for clinicians regarding AE management. This study aimed to develop a list of best practices for the safe use and monitoring of SGLT-2 inhibitors in people with T2DM. Methods A 15-member interprofessional panel was surveyed in a four-round Delphi process. Panelists were asked to comment on and rank statements regarding initial prescribing considerations and actions for minimizing and managing eight specific AEs and a broad category for other AEs. In the final round, panelists selected if the statements should be considered a best practice specific to SGLT-2 inhibitors, a best practice for general safe medication use in T2DM, or if the statement should not be considered as a best practice for safe medication use. Results Consensus was achieved for 36 best practice statements specific to SGLT-2 inhibitors and 24 statements as general best practices for safe medication use. Fifty-six percent of the best practice statements for SGLT-2 inhibitors related to managing and/or preventing hypotension, urinary tract infections, and genital infections. The general best practices for safe medication use primarily focused on medication histories, past medical history considerations, physical exam components, and patient education. Conclusion A list of best practice statements was developed using the Delphi method, which can be utilized by clinicians to guide the safe use and monitoring of SGLT-2 inhibitors in people with T2DM.
Adapting Clinical Systems to Enable Adolescents' Genomic Choices

Background We offered adolescents personalized choices about the type of genetic results they wanted to learn during a research study and created a workflow to filter and transfer the results to the electronic health record (EHR). Methods We describe adaptations needed to ensure that adolescents' results documented in the EHR and returned to adolescent/parent dyads matched their choices. A web application enabled manual modification of the underlying laboratory report data based on adolescents' choices. The final PDF format of the laboratory reports was not viewable through the EHR patient portal, so an EHR form was created to support the manual entry of discrete results that could be viewed in the portal. Results Enabling adolescents' choices about genetic results was a labor-intensive process. More than 350 hours was required for development of the application and EHR form, as well as over 50 hours of a study professional's time to enter choices into the application and EHR. Adolescents and their parents who learned genetic results through the patient portal indicated that they were satisfied with the method of return and would make their choices again if given the option. Conclusion Although future EHR upgrades are expected to enable patient portal access to PDFs, additional improvements are needed to allow the results to be partitioned and filtered based on patient preferences. Furthermore, separating these results into more discrete components will allow them to be stored separately in the EHR, supporting the use of these data in clinical decision support or artificial intelligence applications.
Disorder-Assisted Error Correction in Majorana Chains

It was recently realized that quenched disorder may enhance the reliability of topological qubits by reducing the mobility of anyons at zero temperature. Here we compute storage times with and without disorder for quantum chains with unpaired Majorana fermions — the simplest toy model of a quantum memory. Disorder takes the form of a random site-dependent chemical potential. The corresponding one-particle problem is a one-dimensional Anderson model with disorder in the hopping amplitudes. We focus on the zero-temperature storage of a qubit encoded in the ground state of the Majorana chain. Storage and retrieval are modeled by a unitary evolution under the memory Hamiltonian with an unknown weak perturbation followed by an error-correction step. Assuming dynamical localization of the one-particle problem, we show that the storage time grows exponentially with the system size. We give supporting evidence for the required localization property by estimating Lyapunov exponents of the one-particle eigenfunctions. We also simulate the storage process for chains with a few hundred sites. Our numerical results indicate that in the absence of disorder, the storage time grows only as a logarithm of the system size. We provide numerical evidence for the beneficial effect of disorder on storage times and show that suitably chosen pseudorandom potentials can outperform random ones.
Estimation of variance components for body weight of grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) using a repeatability model

Genetic parameters for growth and other economically important traits of grasscutters are scant in literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate variance components,heritability and repeatability of body weight of grasscutters using restricted maxim um likelihood method in a repeatability animal model. Sixteen grasscutter families were used for the study. Each family was made up of one male and four females. Each grasscutter has four repeated records giving a total of 320. The pedigree consisted of 80 animals, progenies of 16 sires and 16 dams. Fixed factors included in the model were family and sex. The WOMBAT program was used for the analysis. The heritability of body weight of grasscutters ranged from 0.23±0.04 to 0.68±0.10, thus implying that mass selection will be appropriate for this population. The repeatability estimates ranged from 0.82±0.08 to 0.93±0.11. It can be concluded that the number of body weight records was a good indicator of the animal's growth potential and that mass selection will be reliable.
Abstract 17316: Association Between Time From Atrial Fibrillation Diagnosis to First Catheter Ablation With Long-Term Clinical Outcomes: Insights From the UC San Diego AF Ablation Registry

Background: While the optimal timing for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is unknown, several studies have reported increased freedom from atrial arrhythmias among persistent AF patients with shor...
Interventional Treatments for CRPS in Children

While the mainstay of treatment for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) requires an interdisciplinary approach, procedural therapy plays a specific role to help treatment progress steadily. As an adjunct to a multimodal treatment regimen, interventional procedures and therapies have a goal to alleviate symptoms to allow for physical therapy and psychosocial teams optimum conditions for care. In the pediatric population, these procedures that could normally be done in the outpatient setting in adults require the additional risk of heavy sedation or general anesthesia and thus often times require the inpatient setting. Additional care in planning and coordination of procedural and treatment progression is needed in order to have the highest chance of success and positive outcomes for patients and their families.
Maintaining mask momentum in transplant recipients.

The widespread use of facemasks has been a crucial element in the control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. With mounting evidence for mask efficacy against respiratory infectious diseases and greater acceptability of this intervention, it is proposed that masking should continue after the pandemic has abated to protect some of our most vulnerable patients, recipients of stem cell and solid organ transplants. This may involve not only masking these high-risk patients, but possibly their close contacts and the healthcare workers involved in their care. We review the evidence for mask efficacy in prevention of respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 and address the burden of disease in transplant recipients. Although we acknowledge that there are limited data on masking to prevent infection in transplant recipients, we propose a framework for the study and implementation of routine masking as a part of infection prevention interventions after transplantation.
Growth hormone deficiency in an 8-year-old girl with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Abnormalities of hypothalamic pituitary function have been reported in adult subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.1-3 However, endocrine studies in children with HIV infection have failed to disclose significant hormonal abnormalities.4 Indeed, children infected with HIV who were growing poorly were found to have opportunistic infections and lower levels of T-helper cells, but normal growth hormone or insulinlike growth factor 1 concentrations.4 Herein we describe an 8-year-old girl with perinatally acquired HIV infection, growth deceleration, and isolated growth hormone deficiency. CASE REPORT This 8 ½-year-old female child was referred to the pediatric endocrine clinic for evaluation of growth deceleration.
An adaptive power-conserving service discipline for Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a new short-range radio technology to form a small wireless system. In most of the current Bluetooth products, the master polls the slaves in a round robin manner and it may waste a significant amount of power. We propose an adaptive power conserving scheme to address this problem. The proposed solution schedules each flow based on its predictive rate and achieves power optimization based on a low-power mode existing in Bluetooth standard. Unlike other research work related to low-power, we also consider QoS of each flow. Theoretical analyses verify that our scheme can achieve throughput guarantees, delay guarantees, and fairness guarantees. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can save a significant amount of power compared to the round robin scheme and it shows that there exists a tradeoff between power and delay under various traffic models.
The uniqueness debate in computer ethics: What exactly is at issue, and why does it matter?

The purpose of this essay is to determine what exactly is meant by the claim computer ethics is unique, a position that will henceforth be referred to as the CEIU thesis. A brief sketch of the CEIU debate is provided, and an empirical case involving a recent incident of cyberstalking is briefly considered in order to illustrate some controversial points of contention in that debate. To gain a clearer understanding of what exactly is asserted in the various claims about the uniqueness of computer ethics, and to avoid many of the confusions currently associated with the term ``unique'', a precise definition of that term is proposed. We then differentiate two distinct and radically different interpretations of the CEIU thesis, based on arguments that can be found in the relevant computer ethics literature. The two interpretations are critically analyzed and both are shown to be inadequate in establishing the CEIU thesis. We then examine and reject two assumptions implicit in arguments advanced both by CEIU advocates and their opponents. In exposing and rejecting these assumptions, we see why it is not necessary to accept the conclusions reached by either side in this debate. Finally, we defend the view that computer ethics issues are both philosophically interesting and deserving of our attention, regardless of whether those issues might also happen to be unique ethical issues.
No More Cortical Neurons for You

Are new neurons born in the cortex of the adult human brain? An advanced method of cell birth dating appears to answer this contentious question in the negative.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry studies

Abstract Methane chemical ionization mass spectra are discussed for a series of diene-Fe(CO) 3 complexes, the iron group metallocenes, nickelocene, cobaltocene, dicyclopentadienyltitanium, -zirconium, and -hafnium dichlorides, and the Group VIB metal hexacarbonyls.
Interaction region upgrades of e/sup +/e/sup -/ B-factories

Both the PEP-II and KEKB B-Factories have plans to upgrade their Interaction Regions (IRs) in order to improve luminosity performance. Last summer PEP-II added cooling to the IR beam pipe in order to increase beam currents thereby raising the luminosity. In addition, PEP-II is working on a design that modifies the permanent magnets near the Interaction Point (IP) for an even higher luminosity increase. KEKB is also planning an improvement to their IR that will decrease the detector beam pipe radius. In addition, KEK has a design to increase the luminosity of KEKB to 1x10/sup 35/ cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ which includes changes to the IR. PEP-II is also investigating the feasibility of a 1x10/sup 36/ cm/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ luminosity design. I summarize these various upgrades and concentrate on issues common to the different designs.
Security assurances and nuclear nonproliferation

While policy makers and scholars have long devoted considerable attention to strategies like deterrence, which threaten others with unacceptable consequences, such threat-based strategies are not always the best option. In some cases, a state may be better off seeking to give others a greater sense of security, rather than by holding their security at risk. The most prominent use of these security assurances has been in conjunction with efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. Ongoing concerns about the nuclear activities of countries like Iran and North Korea, and the possible reactions of other states in their regions, have catapulted this topic into high profile. This book represents the first study to explore the overall utility of assurance strategies, to evaluate their effectiveness as a tool for preventing nuclear proliferation, and to identify conditions under which they are more or less likely to be effective.
Layered Development with (Unix) Dynamic Libraries

Layered software development has demonstrably good reuse properties and offers one of the few promising approaches to addressing the library scalability problem. In this paper, we show how one can develop layered software using common Unix (Linux/Solaris) dynamic libraries. In particular, we show that, from an object-oriented design standpoint, dynamic libraries are analogous to components in a mixin-based object system. This enables us to use libraries in a layered fashion, mixing and matching different libraries, while ensuring that the result remains consistent. As a proof-of-concept application, we present two libraries implementing file versioning (automatically keeping older versions of files for backup) and application-transparent locking in a Unix system. Both libraries can be used with new, aware applications or completely unaware legacy applications. Further, the libraries are useful both in isolation, and as cooperating units.