cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of cardiac contraction and coronary vasomotor tone on regional myocardial blood flow.

We analyzed patterns of left ventricular perfusion in arrested hearts without coronary tone and in the same hearts while beating with and without coronary tone. We used microspheres in anesthetized dogs to measure blood flow in 384 regions (averaging 140 mg wet wt) from the subendocardium, midwall, and subepicardium before and during intracoronary infusions of adenosine (beating without tone) or lidocaine and adenosine (arrest without tone). Mean coronary pressure was held constant at 80 mmHg. Changes in regional flow with arrest (vs. beating without tone) were surprisingly variable (range -28 to +124%) and exhibited substantial within-layer heterogeneity, suggesting that local differences in contractility, stresses, or strains limit maximum coronary flow. Regional flows in beating hearts with tone did not correlate with flows in the same hearts without tone, beating or not (r2 < or = 0.03; not significant). Flow patterns during beating with tone also demonstrated significantly shorter (i.e., the distance at which autocorrelation has decreased to 0.5) within-layer spatial autocorrelations as well as a complete loss of radial flow correlation (e.g., between corresponding subendocardial and subepicardial regions; r2 = 0.01). Thus neither coronary anatomy (assessed during arrest without tone) nor the mechanical effects of contraction (beating without tone) appear to influence myocardial perfusion when vasomotor tone is present.
Liver in Systemic Disease

As a major component of the body’s filtration system and metabolic machinery, the liver is affected in many systemic diseases. Systemic diseases that manifest primarily in the liver, or with accompanying liver disease as one of the most common manifestations, have been discussed elsewhere in the text. However, hepatitis, cholestasis, or other liver disease may be secondary manifestations of many other systemic diseases. The pediatric hepatologist is often consulted to interpret liver abnormalities in children with other systemic diseases. This chapter provides an overview of the liver involvement characteristic of major systemic diseases, by organ system.
Higher-Dimensional Scans

The previous chapters describe one-dimensional scan statistics for clusters of events over time, or over a sequence of trials. The present chapter describes and applies scan statistics for two and higher dimensions.
The social validation of institutional indicators to promote system-wide web accessibility in postsecondary institutions.

The Internet is an integral part of higher education today. Students, faculty, and staff must have access to the institutional web for essential activities. For persons with disabilities, the web is a double-edged sword. While an accessibly designed website can mitigate or remove barriers, an inaccessible one can make access impossible. If websites that provide necessary information are not accessible, those with disabilities will be unable to independently complete their daily tasks or compete in the modern world. Project GOALS (Gaining Online Accessible Learning through Self-Study) has developed a document outlining a set of four institutional indicators of Web accessibility. Postsecondary institutions can use this document in their efforts to ensure that online content is accessible to all users. This dissertation evaluated the social validity of the document to determine if it was appropriate, understandable, usable, and satisfactory to provide a framework for implementing and promoting institution-wide web accessibility across a variety of demographic markers including job type (administrator, faculty, and technology specialist) and institution type (2- and 4-year). Ninety-seven participants reviewed the document and completed an online survey. All four indicators with their subsequent benchmarks were found to be "good" or "very good" based on the evaluation criteria. Administrators rated the document somewhat lower than faculty or technology specialists. Participants from 2-year schools consistently rated the document higher than their 4-year counterparts. In general, the longer participants had been in their positions, the less favorably they rated the document. The median ratings for all questions of appropriateness, understandability, usefulness, and satisfaction were a 6 or 7 on a 7-point scale across the board. This result would indicate that while different aspects of the indicator document may appeal to different groups, participant ratings across job and institution type show that these criteria achieve acceptable levels that validate the use of the indicators as a tool to assist institutions in their web accessibility efforts. This dissertation utilized the multiple-paper format recommended by the committee.
Myths and the definition of policy problems

In this paper we argue that behind widely accepted problem definitions are myths, stories which draw on tradition and taken for granted knowledge. These myths, which may or may not be true in a factual sense, are important to the definition of problems because they link public issues to widely accepted ways of understanding the world and to shared moral evaluations of conditions, events, and possible solutions to problems. Such myths perform a double-edged function in a policy or planning process. On the one hand, they can provide creative inspiration for policies, a way of translating community values into action proposals, and a powerful means to communicate to a broad public and rally support. They can mediate social and economic change by allowing new policies to carry familiar meaning. On the other hand, a myth can conceal crucial contradictions and realities, legitimize policies that benefit the powerful, and support anachronistic perceptions of policy problems. These ideas are explored in case histories of two areas of urban policy. In one we trace the support for home ownership to a transformation of the Jeffersonian myth of the independent yeoman farmer as the ideal citizen. This use of myth made home ownership the cornerstone of US housing policies and helped suppress alternatives. Though debate over home ownership occurs in the context of housing policy, the tacit purpose is to maintain a myth which is central to our identity as a nation. In the second example, public officials and analysts engaged in an explicit myth-making process to garner support for public-private partnerships as a central tool in urban redevelopment. The myths, which drew on familiar themes, made socially beneficial cooperation seem easy to achieve and legitimized new political and institutional arrangements though it also concealed implementation difficulties. Though myths complicate the effort to use rational, systematic analysis, they are an inevitable part of policy making and planning processes. Planning professionals must openly confront myths and make creative, responsible, use of them rather than allow policies and plans to be subject to their unexamined influence.
Stability of electron field emission in Q-carbon

In this study, we have investigated electron field emission (EFE) characteristics of Q-carbon at room temperature and above. At room temperature the Q-carbon requires only ~2.4 V/μm electric field to turn-on the EFE. The EFE properties of the Q-carbon composite structure improve with temperature by lowering the turn-on field and increasing the current density. At 500 K we observed a turn-on field of ~2.34 V/μm, and a maximum current density was found to be ~53 µA/cm2 at 2.66 V/μm. The Q-carbon field emitters also show very stable EFE characteristics (within 7% fluctuations) overtime for current intensities between 7.5 and 47 µA/cm2.
A Trauma-Informed Approach to Building College Students' Resilience.

Purpose: This paper describes the development of a new psychoeducational universal prevention resilience program (https://strong.fsu.edu) designed to complement existing mental health services at a...
Regulation of HMGB2 integrates ribosome biogenesis and innate immune responses to DNA

SUMMARY Ribosomes are universally important in biology and their production is dysregulated by developmental disorders, cancer, and virus infection. Although presumed required for protein synthesis, how ribosome biogenesis impacts virus reproduction and cell-intrinsic immune responses remains untested. Surprisingly, we find that restricting ribosome biogenesis stimulated human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication without suppressing translation. Interfering with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) accumulation triggered nucleolar stress and repressed expression of High Mobility Group Box 2 (HMGB2), a chromatin-associated protein that facilitates cytoplasmic double-stranded (ds) DNA-sensing by cGAS. Furthermore, it reduced cytoplasmic HMGB2 abundance and impaired induction of interferon beta (IFNB1) mRNA, which encodes a critical anti-proliferative, proinflammatory cytokine, in response to HCMV or dsDNA in uninfected cells. This establishes that rRNA accumulation regulates innate immune responses to dsDNA by controlling HMGB2 abundance. Moreover, it reveals that rRNA accumulation and/or nucleolar activity unexpectedly regulate dsDNA-sensing to restrict virus reproduction and regulate inflammation.
Evaluation of histologic changes in the livers of patients with early and late hepatic artery thrombosis.

Summary Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) can cause hepatic parenchymal necrosis and ischemic cholangiopathy. This study investigates additional histologic features that may suggest HAT in post-OLT liver specimens. For 94 liver specimens (explanted allografts and biopsies) from patients with a clinical or pathologic diagnosis of HAT, we recorded length of time between OLT and procedure, categorizing cases into early HAT (;≤30 days since OLT) and late HAT (>30 days since OLT). Common histologic findings in HAT included lobular necrosis (60 cases, 64%), portal inflammation (68 cases, 72%), ductular reaction (73 cases, 78%), lobular cholestasis (70 cases, 74%), and bile-tinged macrophages (40 cases, 43%). Ductular cholestasis was seen in 30 cases (32%); 10 of those patients were clinically septic. Bile in veins was seen in 16 (17%) cases and arteritis in 6 (6%) cases. Findings more common in resection than biopsy specimens included lobular necrosis (P
An Approximate Restricted Likelihood Ratio Test for Variance Components in Generalized Linear Mixed Models

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are used to model responses from exponential families with a combination of fixed and random effects. For variance components in GLMMs, we propose an approximate restricted likelihood ratio test that conducts testing on the working responses used in penalized quasi-likelihood estimation. This presents the hypothesis test in terms of normalized responses, allowing for application of existing testing methods for linear mixed models. Our test is flexible, computationally efficient, and outperforms several competitors. We illustrate the utility of the proposed method with an extensive simulation study and two data applications. An R package is provided.
Chapter 30 - Some Recent Magnetic Field Measurements in the Earth–Ionosphere Resonance Region

Amplitude vs. time records of 2-min duration of north–south and east–west magnetic field variations in the 5–20 c/s frequency range, and 24- hr records of 7.5–10 c/s magnetic fields which were obtained over a period of several months are analyzed. It appears that the most prominent frequency of individual wave trains in this frequency range is not constant, that some imperfect correlation exists between e.l.f. noise and solar activity and that 7.5–10.0 c/s e.l.f. intensity [recorded on an east–west coil] is normally higher during daylight hours than the corresponding e.l.f. intensity recorded at night. The diurnal variation of e.l.f. intensity averaged over a 75 day period between April and July 1962 closely resembles the diurnal variation of thunderstorm activity in the Western hemisphere, based upon data accumulated before 1960.
Technical Note—Nonstationary Stochastic Optimization Under Lp,q-Variation Measures

Most existing literature in stochastic optimization assumes that the underlying cost function does not change over time. However, in practice, cost functions may be nonstationary and change along t...
Pharmacological effects of carbaryl. I. The effect of carbaryl on the synthesis and degradation of catecholamines in the rat.

Abstract The pharmacological effects of 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl) in the rat were investigated with respect to catecholamine metabolism. Animals fed 700 ppm of carbaryl eliminated significantly higher amounts of urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) as compared to control rats (over 300 per cent after 1 month). VMA excretion was maximal at about 30 days and then decreased, approaching normal values after 195 days. Dietary carbaryl fed at 100 ppm did not affect VMA excretion during 7 months of administration. A single oral carbaryl dose of 50 or 80 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase of urinary VMA, and the excretion of the corresponding alcohol, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), also increased, but to a much lesser extent. Increased VMA excretion was also observed in adrenalectomized and hypophysectomized rats treated with carbaryl. Results showed a significant increase (68 per cent) in the turnover rate of norepinephrine (NE) in hearts from carbaryltreated rats over that obtained in normal animals; but there was no change in the steady state concentration of the transmitter. It is suggested that the increase in synthesis rate of NE (and probably also the increased VMA excretion) is the result of increased sympatho-adrenergic activity, and that the adrenal medulla is not involved to any appreciable extent. The mechanism leading to increased nerve activity is presently unknown. Carbaryl strongly stimulated the pituitary-adrenocortical axis, as indicated by an increased corticosterone level in the plasma.
Rekindling the Gāyatrī Mantra: Rabindranath Tagore and “Our Veda”

How is ancient Hindu wisdom made meaningful in new contexts? What might draw a modern Bengali poet to the cadences and mystic meaning of the Gāyatrī mantra? Through what processes of modern interpretation and religio- political aspiration was the ritually centered daily prayer of the twice-born rendered into universal truth for the twentieth century? This article attempts to answer such questions by exploring the reimagining of the Gāyatrī’s meaning in the poetry and expository writings of Rabindranath Tagore. The goal is to suggest the deeply personal yet also expansive significance of the mantra for Rabindranath.
Business Analytics in E-Commerce: A Literature Review

This paper attempts to identify the value and the use of business analytics (BA) in E-commerce, and challenges and trends associated with BA in E-commerce. It systematically examines the literature...
Target recognition using the time-frequency representation of the impulse response

The backscatter of a target illuminated by a stepped-frequency radar represents the frequency response of the target as seen by the radar and it can be modeled as a sum of exponentials. The inverse Fourier of the backscatter represents the target impulse response. A time-frequency analysis (using Wigner-Ville) of the target backscatter should yield features that are directly related to target scattering centers. These features can then be used for target recognition purposes. This concept is first tested on a synthetic radar target that consists of five scattering centers. Next, the frequency response of real backscatter of commercial aircraft models is examined using time-frequency analysis. The instantaneous frequency and the group delay as extracted using the pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution are used as target recognition features. The classification results are compared with those obtained using an optimal maximum-likelihood classifier. The performance of time-frequency extracted features as target recognition tools is investigated in all scenarios of complete or partial azimuth knowledge, and additive noise. The time-frequency analysis of the frequency response of the synthetic target is examined and compared with that expected using a closed-form solution.
Transpedicular Screw Placement Accuracy Using the O-Arm Versus Freehand Technique at a Single Institution:

Study Design:Retrospective cohort.Objective:The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the O-arm as an intraoperative imaging tool by comparing accuracy of pedicle screw placeme...
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Ovarian Suppression in Premenopausal Women: No Change in Free‐Living Energy Expenditure

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether suppression of ovarian function (gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist [GnRHAG ]) for 24 weeks in premenopausal women approaching menopause causes changes in body composition and a decline in free-living physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and whether endurance exercise training attenuates the changes. Methods Premenopausal women who were approaching menopause (mean [SD]: age 46 [3] years, BMI 26.3 [4.8] kg/m2 ) were randomized to 24 weeks of GnRHAG (n = 14), GnRHAG + Exercise (n = 11), or placebo (n = 9). Endurance exercise was performed 4 days per week with the goal of expending 200 to 300 kcal per session. Primary outcome measurements included body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and PAEE by doubly labeled water, and resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry. Results Changes in TDEE, PAEE, REE, or body composition were not different between groups. However, within the GnRHAG group, fat mass increased (mean [SE]: total 1.7 [0.4] kg, trunk 0.9 [0.2] kg, leg 0.6 [0.2] kg) and fat-free leg mass decreased (mean [SE]: -0.4 [0.2] kg) significantly. Conclusions In premenopausal women approaching menopause, ovarian hormone suppression resulted in increased adiposity without alterations in TDEE, PAEE, or REE.
Rad51 paralog complex Rad55–Rad57 acts as a molecular chaperone during homologous recombination. Roy et al.

Summary Homologous recombination (HR) is essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. Rad51 paralogs fulfill a conserved, but undefined role in HR, and their mutations are associated with increased cancer risk in humans. Here, we use single–molecule imaging to reveal that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 paralog complex Rad55–Rad57 promotes the assembly of Rad51 recombinase filaments through transient interactions, providing evidence that it acts as a classical molecular chaperone. Srs2 is an ATP–dependent anti–recombinase that downregulates HR by actively dismantling Rad51 filaments. Contrary to the current model, we find that Rad55– Rad57 does not physically block the movement of Srs2. Instead, Rad55–Rad57 promotes rapid re– assembly of Rad51 filaments after their disruption by Srs2. Our findings support a model in which Rad51 is in flux between free and ssDNA–bound states, the rate of which is dynamically controlled though the opposing actions of Rad55–Rad57 and Srs2.
Ligand-induced motions in pentameric ligand-gated ion channels revealed by EPR spectroscopy

Abstract Signaling in the brain depends on rapid opening and closing of pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs). These proteins are the targets of various clinical drugs and, defects in their function is linked to a variety of diseases including myasthenia, epilepsy and sleep-disorders. While recent high-resolution structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic pLGICs have shed light on the molecular architecture of these proteins, describing their conformational dynamics in physiological lipids is essential for understanding their function. Here, we used site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL EPR) spectroscopy and functional channels reconstituted in liposomes to reveal ligand-induced structural changes in the extracellular domain (ECD) of GLIC. Proton-activation caused an inward motion of labeled sites at the top of β-strands (β1, 2, 5, 6, 8) towards the channel lumen, consistent with an agonist-induced inward tilting motion of the ECD. Similar proton-dependent GLIC ECD motions were detected in the presence of a non-activating (gating deficient) mutation, suggesting that the inward tilting of the ECD does not accompany channel opening but is associated with an agonist-induced closed pre-activated channel state. These findings provide new insights into the protein dynamics underlying pLGIC gating transitions.
3D Hydrodynamic Simulations of Relativistic Extragalactic Jets

We describe a new numerical 3D relativistic hydrodynamical code, the results of validation tests, and a comparison with earlier, 2D studies. The 3D code has been used to study the deflection and precession of relativistic flows. We find that even quite fast jets (gamma~10) can be significantly influenced by impinging on an oblique density gradient, exhibiting a rotation of the Mach disk in the jet's head. The flow is bent via a potentially strong, oblique internal shock that arises due to asymmetric perturbation of the flow by its cocoon. In extreme cases this cocoon can form a marginally relativistic flow orthogonal to the jet, leading to large scale dynamics quite unlike that normally associated with astrophysical jets. Exploration of a gamma=5 flow subject to a large amplitude precession (semi-angle 11.25dg) shows that it retains its integrity, with modest reduction in Lorentz factor and momentum flux, for almost 50 jet-radii, but thereafter, the collimated flow is disrupted. The flow is approximately ballistic, with velocity vectors not aligned with the local jet `wall'. We consider simple estimators of the flow emissivity in each case and conclude that a) while the oblique internal shocks which mediate a small change in the direction of the deflected flows have little impact on the global dynamics, significantly enhanced flow emission (by a factor of 2-3) may be associated with such regions; and b) the convolution of rest frame emissivity and Doppler boost in the case of the precessed jet invariably leads to a core-jet-like structure, but that intensity fluctuations in the jet cannot be uniquely associated with either change in internal conditions or Doppler boost alone, but in general are a combination of both factors.
EMBRACE: An EM‐based bias reduction approach through Copas‐model estimation for quantifying the evidence of selective publishing in network meta‐analysis

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses synthesize results from well-conducted studies to optimize healthcare decision-making. Network meta-analysis (NMA) is particularly useful for improving precision, drawing new comparisons, and ranking multiple interventions. However, recommendations can be misled if published results are a selective sample of what has been collected by trialists, particularly when publication status is related to the significance of the findings. Unfortunately, the missing-not-at-random nature of this problem and the numerous parameters involved in modeling NMAs pose unique computational challenges to quantifying and correcting for publication bias, such that sensitivity analysis is used in practice. Motivated by this important methodological gap, we developed a novel and stable expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to correct for publication bias in the network setting. We validate the method through simulation studies and show that it achieves substantial bias reduction in small to moderately sized NMAs. We also calibrate the method against a Bayesian analysis of a published NMA on antiplatlet therapies for maintaining vascular patency.
The Effectiveness of a Coordinated Response Toward Nonfatal Strangulation in Facilitating Evidence-Based Prosecution:

Many states’ laws now classify nonfatal strangulation as part of domestic violence as a felony offense, but prosecution of offenders remains challenging due to the nature of this type of violent of...
Boosted Second Price Auctions: Revenue Optimization for Heterogeneous Bidders

The second price auction has been the prevalent auction format used by advertising exchanges because of its simplicity and desirable incentive properties. However, even with an optimized choice of reserve prices, this auction is not revenue optimal when the bidders are heterogeneous and their valuation distributions differ significantly. In order to optimize the revenue of advertising exchanges, we propose an auction format called the boosted second price auction, which assigns a boost value to each bidder. The auction favors bidders with higher boost values and allocates the item to the bidder with the highest boosted bid. We propose a data-driven approach to optimize boost values using the previous bids of the bidders. Our analysis of auction data from Google's online advertising exchange shows that the boosted second price auction with data-optimized boost values outperforms the second price auction and empirical Myerson auction by up to 6% and 3%, respectively.
Radiosensitizing pancreatic cancer via effective autophagy inhibition

Despite aggressive treatments, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an intractable disease, largely because it is refractory to therapeutic interventions. To overcome its nutrient-poor microenvironment, PDAC heavily relies on autophagy for metabolic needs to promote tumor growth and survival. Here, we explore autophagy inhibition as a method to enhance the effects of radiation therapy (RT) on PDAC tumors. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an autophagy inhibitor at the focus of many PDAC clinical trials, including in combination with RT. However, its acid-labile properties likely reduce its intratumoral efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that EAD1, a synthesized analogue of HCQ, is a more effective therapeutic for sensitizing PDAC tumors of various KRAS mutations to RT. Specifically, in vitro models show that EAD1 is an effective inhibitor of autophagic flux in PDAC cells, accompanied by a potent inhibition of proliferation. When combined with RT, EAD1 is consistently superior to HCQ not only as a single agent, but also in radiosensitizing PDAC cells, and perhaps most importantly, in decreasing the self-renewal capacity of PDAC cancer stem cells (PCSCs). The more pronounced sensitizing effects of autophagy inhibitors on pancreatic stem over differentiated cells points to a new understanding that PCSCs may be more dependent on autophagy to counter the effects of radiation toxicity, a potential mechanism explaining the resistance of PCSCs to RT. Finally, in vivo sub-cutaneous tumor models demonstrate that combination of RT and EAD1 is the most successful at controlling tumor growth. The models also confirmed a similar toxicity profile between EAD1 and HCQ.
Patriots and Cosmopolitans: Hidden Histories of American Law

Ranging widely from the founding era to Reconstruction, from the making of the modern state to post - New Deal limits, John Fabian Witt illuminates the legal and constitutional foundations of American nationhood through the little-known stories of five patriots and critics. He shows how law and constitutionalism have powerfully shaped and been shaped by the experience of nationhood at key moments in American history. Founding Father James Wilson's star-crossed life is testament to the capacity of American nationhood to capture the imagination of those who have lived within its orbit. For South Carolina freedman Elias Hill, the 19th Century saga of black citizenship in the United States gave way to a quest for a black nationhood of his own on the West African coast. Greenwich Village radical Crystal Eastman became one of the most articulate critics of American nationhood, advocating world federation and other forms of supranational government and establishing the modern American civil liberties movement. By contrast, the self-conscious patriotism of Dean Roscoe Pound of Harvard Law School and trial lawyer Melvin Belli aimed to stave off what Pound and Belli saw as the dangerous growth of a foreign administrative state. In their own way, each of these individuals came up against the power of American national institutions to shape and constrain the directions of legal change. Yet, their engagements with American nationhood remade the institutions and ideals of the United States even as the national tradition shaped and constrained the course of their lives.
THE ICHTHYOSIFORM DERMATOSES

The Term ichthyosis describes a group of heritable disorders which are characterized by cutaneous scaling. The visible scale differentiates these disorders from xeroderma in which the skin is dry but does not visibly desquamate. Many classifications of the ichthyoses have been proposed, but most are descriptive and contribute little to an understanding of etiology and pathogenesis. Often clinical variants or patients with minor associated anomalies have been categorized separately on an empirical basis and, in some cases, several names have been used for one entity to indicate severity of involvement. The most useful classification appears to be that of Wells and Kerr,1 who segregated the various types by their pattern of inheritance and retained the nomenclature in common usage. Differences in clinical features and histologic patterns also correlate with these genetically distinguishable types. Thus, with careful attention to the distribution and type of scale, family history, and skin histology, the physician will be able to classify patients in a meaningful way. Such an approach is helpful for several reasons. The prognosis, troublesome features, and degree of handicapping differ for the various ichthyoses. Sensible genetic counseling, an important part of the management of such patients, is possible only with the correct diagnosis. Moreover, clinical investigation of affected individuals will be further confused unless the entity under study is well defined. The need for an understanding of the physiologic and biochemical defects of ichthvotic skin is underscored by the limitations of currently available therapy. The four major types of ichthyosis include: (1) ichthyosis vulgaris, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait; (2) sexlinked ichthyosis, transmitted as an Xlinked trait; (3) bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE), inherited as an autosomal dominant trait; and (4) nonbulbus congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, autosomal recessive mode of inheritance (Table I).
Further characterization of the allosteric site of action of amiodarone at Gq-linked muscarinic receptors (LB616)

We have previously reported that amiodarone interacts with a novel allosteric site on muscarinic receptors. Amiodarone’s most striking effect is to enhance the maximal response elicited by muscarin...
The universal central extension of the three-point sl2 loop algebra

We consider the three-point loop algebra, L = sl 2 ⊗ K[t,t -1 , (t-1) - 1], where K denotes a field of characteristic 0 and t is an indeterminate. The universal central extension L of L was determined by Bremner. In this note, we give a presentation for L via generators and relations, which highlights a certain symmetry over the alternating group A 4 . To obtain our presentation of L, we use the realization of L as the tetrahedron Lie algebra.
The feasibility of short automated static perimetry in children.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility of short automated static perimetry using tendency-oriented perimetry in the pediatric population. Design Prospective observational case series. Participants Fifty normal children age 6 through 12 years. Testing Subjects underwent testing with the Octopus TOP-32 program on the Octopus 1-2-3 automated perimeter. Testing was performed in a typical clinical setting without adaptations to the perimeter, prolonged training, or the use of custom seating. Each eye was tested twice. Main outcome measures Ability to complete automated static perimetry tests with both eyes. Mean sensitivity, mean defect, and loss of variance; gray scale and numeric representations of the field; duration of each test and of the entire session; subjective assessment of each test as normal or abnormal; calculation of test specificity. Comparisons by age and test number were performed. Results All subjects successfully completed all four tests. The mean duration for each test was 2:30 ± 0.23 minutes. The average time for the whole session, including training, testing both eyes twice, and rest periods, was 25.8 ± 4.87 minutes. Improvement in the specificity of the test (fewer abnormal tests in normal children) occurred in direct relation to subject age ( R = 0.5). Conclusions Automated static perimetry using short, tendency-oriented programs can be successfully performed in normal children age 6 through 12 years in a typical clinical setting. Age was the best predictor of the mean sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy of the test, with the most reliable results obtained after 7 years of age. In children 6 to 7 years old, significant interindividual variability was present, and testing success was more dependent on the child's maturity and ability to concentrate. Short automated perimetry seems to be a promising tool for the evaluation of peripheral vision in pediatric patients.
Frequency-Agile Radar Electronics for the Soil Moisture Active\/Passive (SMAP) Mission

The radar aboard the Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) instrument is an L-band scatterometer/synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with uniquely designed capabilities for global retrieval of surface soil moisture. Several key science requirements have shaped the radar architecture, including requirements on terrestrial radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation, calibration stability, and on silencing radiated emissions from the electronics in the presence of the sensitive radiometer aboard SMAP. The design uses an unconventional conical scan sequence to collect SAR data over a wide swath while the radar frequency-hops over 1217-1298 MHz in order to avoid RFI from ground sources. In this paper, we discuss: 1) the design trades that led to the choice of a frequencyhopping, "tunable LO" receiver scheme that significantly reduces the SMAP radar susceptibility to RFI; 2) loopback calibration to minimize bias errors in the transmit-power $\times $ receiver-gain product; 3) hardware design techniques for decreasing radiated emissions levels in the 1.41-GHz radiometer band; and 4) pre-launch performance results from flight radar environmental testing.
Characteristics of norepinephrine uptake in developing peripheral nerve terminals

In the chick the various characteristics of [3H]norepinephrine (NE) uptake do not appear simultaneously during the development of the iris. Na+-dependence and ouabain sensitivity are both first seen at a significant level at 10 days of incubation (d.i.) Na+-dependence achieves its peak value at 14 d.i. and is unchanged at 3 months after hatching (a.h.). Ouabain sensitivity increases after its initial appearance to 14 days a.h. and then slowly declines. Temperature sensitivity develops only at hatching and is modified subsequently. Both desmethylimipramine (DMI) and cocaine inhibition develop at 10 d.i. and follow the same developmental pattern; however, DMI appears to be a more effective inhibitor than cocaine. Metanephrine, an inhibitor of extraneuronal uptake, first inhibits NE uptake to a significant degree at hatching. These changes may be related to changes in membrane structure and metabolic function in the developing neuronal membrane. No evidence of [3H]NE uptake is seen at 7 d.i. After this age the Km values tend to fall into two groups, the first 1.3−1.9 × 10−5 M, up to one month a.h., the second, 3.5–5.0 × 10−6 M, after one month a.h. There is a large increase in Vmax from 10 to 14 d.i., a period of rapid growth of sympathetic innervation of the iris. Our study suggests that Na+-dependent uptake is a more reliable and constant index of innervation in development than temperature-dependent uptake. It also indicates that in longitudinal developmental studies it is necessary to determine the characteristics of the transport process of each stage, as characteristics such as Na+-, drug- and temperature-sensitivity may all have unique developmental profiles.
3D seismic image processing for unconformities

ABSTRACTIn seismic images, an unconformity can be first identified by reflector terminations (i.e., truncation, toplap, onlap, or downlap), and then it can be traced downdip to its corresponding correlative conformity, or updip to a parallel unconformity; for example, in topsets. Unconformity detection is a significant aspect of seismic stratigraphic interpretation, but most automatic methods work only in 2D and can only detect angular unconformities with reflector terminations. Moreover, unconformities pose challenges for automatic techniques used in seismic interpretation. First, it is difficult to accurately estimate normal vectors or slopes of seismic reflectors at an unconformity with multioriented structures due to reflector terminations. Second, seismic flattening methods cannot correctly flatten reflectors at unconformities that represent hiatuses or geologic age gaps. We have developed a 3D unconformity attribute computed from a seismic amplitude image to detect unconformities by highlighting the...
Comparison of salinity tolerance of three Atriplex spp. in well-watered and drying soils

Abstract Members of the Chenopodiaceae are well adapted to both salt and drought stress and can serve as model species to understand the mechanisms of tolerance in plants. We grew Atriplex hortensis (ATHO), A. canescens (ATCA), and A. lentiformis (ATLE) along a NaCL salinity gradient under non-water-limited conditions and in drying soils in greenhouse experiments. The species differed in photosynthetic carbon fixation pathway, capacity for sodium uptake, and habitat preferences. Under non-water-limited conditions, ATLE (C4) maintained high growth rates up to 30 g L −1 NaCl. ATHO (C3) had lower growth than ATLE at high salinities, while ATCA (C4) grew more slowly than either ATLE or ATHO and showed no net growth above 20 g L −1 NaCl. ATHO and ATLE accumulated twice as much sodium in their shoots as ATCA, but all three species had increasing sodium levels at higher salinities. Potassium, magnesium and calcium levels were relatively constant over the salinity gradient. All three species showed marked accumulation of chloride across the salinity gradient, whereas nitrate, phosphorous and sulfate decreased with salinity. The effect of drought was simulated by growing plants in sealed pots with an initial charge of water plus NaCl, and allowing them to grow to the end point at which they no longer were able to extract water from the soil solution. Drought and salinity were not additive stress factors for Atriplex spp. in this experiment. NaCl increased their ability to extract water from the soil solution compared to fresh water controls. ATLE showed increased shoot dry matter production and increased water use efficiency (WUE) as initial salinity levels increased from 0 to 30 g L −1 NaCl, whereas dry matter production and WUE peaked at 5 g L −1 for ATHO and ATCA. Final soil moisture salinities tolerated by species were 85 g L −1 , 55 g L −1 and 160 g L −1 NaCl for ATHO, ATCA and ATLE, respectively. C4 photosynthesis and sodium accumulation in shoots were associated with high drought and salt tolerance.
The effects of adriamycin in vitro and in vivo on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes: role of microsomal lipid peroxidation.

The quinone-containing anticancer drug adriamycin augments the reduction of dioxygen to reactive oxygen species and thereby stimulates (sixfold) NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation. In vitro the extensive adriamycin-promoted peroxidation depleted (85%) rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, severely inhibited cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenation (70%), and glucose-6-phosphatase activity (80%), and activated (450%) UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity. When lipid peroxidation was blocked by EDTA, adriamycin selectively decreased cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity; NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were unchanged. Washing and resedimenting peroxidized microsomes to remove adriamycin and soluble lipid peroxidation products failed to restore enzyme activities to control values. Adriamycin administered subacutely (5 mg/kg × three doses) to rats significantly descreased hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and reduced aminopyrine N-demethylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities compared to saline-treated controls. Microsomal lipid peroxidation was increased following the above adriamycin treatment. Thus, these data suggested that adriamycin was capable of impairing hepatic drug metabolism in vitro by stimulating membrane lipid peroxidation in a manner similar to carbon tetrachloride; the mechanism by which adriamycin treatment in vivo decreased the activity of the drug monooxygenase system remains unclear.
Single-photon detector characterization using correlated photons: the march from feasibility to metrology

Correlated photons can be used to directly measure the detection efficiency of photon counting detectors without any ties to externally calibrated standards. An overview of the history of this technique is given and the paper reviews how to implement it in a practical lab setting. Some of the sources of uncertainty in the technique and how they can be minimized and quantified are discussed. The intent is to provide the information necessary to encourage the movement of this technique from the metrology lab into the general photon-counting detector community.
Neutron irradiation of human pelvic tissues yields a steep dose-response function for late sequelae

Purpose : Analysis of the dose-response function in normal tissues following pelvic irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate. Methods and Materials : A homogeneous group of 136 patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate were treated with the Fermilab high-energy neutron beam at three dose levels : 19, 20.4, and 21 Gy, using the same treatment plan and fractionation scheme for all patients. Results : Tumor control rates were about 83% at the three dose levels studied. However, the normal tissue complication rate (late sequelae) varied with dose : 0 out of 5 at 19 Gy, 5 out of 58 (8.6%) at 20.4 Gy, and 9 out of 73 (12.3%) at 21 Gy. Conclusions : Neutron therapy to the pelvis reveals a steep dose-response function for late effects with a coefficient of variation of only 11%. This is lower than that usually observed with photons or with less uniform clinical data sets, and may be characteristic for well-planned high-LET radiotherapy. Neutron therapy, Carcinoma of prostate, High-LET complications, Coefficient of variation.
Revisiting The Bonds of Love

This article is a look back at the place Jessica Benjamin's first book, The Bonds of Love (1988), had in my intellectual formation as a feminist and a teacher; it is also a look at the present and the ways we may imagine our futures with her work on intersubjectivity and recognition in mind.
Cold-hardiness-specific glutathione reductase isozymes in red spruce : thermal dependence of kinetic parameters and possible regulatory mechanisms

The thermal dependence of kinetic parameters has been determined in purified or partially purified preparations of cold-hardiness-specific glutathione reductase isozymes from red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) needles to investigate a possible functional adaptation of these isozymes to environmental temperature. We have previously purified glutathione reductase isozymes specific for nonhardened (GR-1NH) or hardened (GR-1H) needles. Isozymes that were distinct from GR-1NH and GR-1H, but appeared to be very similar to each other, were also purified from nonhardened (GR-2NH) or hardened (GR-2H) needles (A. Hausladen, R.G. Alscher [1994] Plant Physiol 105: 205-213). GR-1NH had 2-fold higher Km values for NADPH and 2- to 4-fold lower Km values for oxidized glutathione (GSSG) than GR-2NH, and a similar difference was found between GR-1H and GR-2H. However, no differences in Km values were found between the hardiness-specific isozymes GR-1NH and GR-1H. There was only a small effect of temperature on the Km(GSSG) of GR-1H and GR-2H, and no significant temperature effect on Km(NADPH) or Km(GSSG) could be found for the other isozymes. These results are discussed with respect to “thermal kinetic windows,” and it is proposed that the relative independence of Km values to temperature ensures adequate enzyme function in a species that is exposed to extreme temperature differences in its natural habitat. A variety of substrates has been tested to characterize any further differences among the isozymes, but all isozymes are highly specific for their substrates, NADPH and GSSG. The reversible reductive inactivation by NADPH (redox interconversion) is more pronounced in GR-1H than in GR-2H. Reduced, partially inactive GR-1H is further deactivated by H2O2, whereas GR-2H is fully reactivated by the same treatment. Both isozymes are reactivated by GSSG or reduced glutathione. It is proposed that this property of GR-2H ensures enzyme function under oxidative conditions, and that in vivo the enzyme may exist in its partially inactive form and be activated in the presence of increased levels of GSSG or oxidants.
Measurement error in recreation demand models: the joint estimation of participation, site choice, and site characteristics.

Abstract In the demand for recreational fishing sites, an important explanatory variable differentiating sites is the unobserved expected catch rate. Since the observed catch rate is subject to sampling variability, using the average of a site's observed catch rates causes the parameter estimator on catch to be biased downward. We develop and demonstrate a solution to this errors-in-variables problem when there are repeated measurements on the catch rate. Consistent and efficient estimates of both the demand parameters and the expected catch rates are obtained by simultaneously estimating them by maximum likelihood. An empirical example demonstrates the importance of simultaneous estimation.
The Biology of Meloidogyne Naasi

Meloidogyne naasi one-celled eggs required 15-17 days at 22-26°C to develop into second-stage larvae. The first molt occurred inside the egg 8 1 /2-11 days after the first cleavage. Larvae became sedentary in 2-3 days after penetration. Sex differentiation first became apparent on the 12th day, and the second molt was first observed on the 18th day. All three superimposed molts followed each other between the 18th and 24th day. Oviposition started between the 30th and 35th day after penetration of the host plant. At 26° day and 20° night temperature, the life cycle of M. naasi on wheat, var. Pawnee, was completed in 39-51 days.
Text Annotation and the Cognitive Architecture of Political Leaders: British Prime Ministers from 1945–2008

ABSTRACT While differences in the personalities of leaders dominate popular discussion of politics, the systematic academic study of these factors has long been beset by problems of conceptualization and measurement—difficulties that have led many in political science to conclude that such studies are not worth the effort. In this light, one of the most exciting recent developments in political psychology has been the emergence of text analysis schemes, and accompanying automation software, that offer the possibility of treating what leaders say as indicative of how they think. In this essay, I consider a text analysis protocol designed to isolate the cognitive architecture of political leaders, in particular their characteristic information processing propensities, and apply the protocol to a comprehensive set of text: the universe of prime ministerial responses to foreign policy questions in the British House of Commons from 1945–2008. The resulting data, encompassing twelve separate prime ministers, sh...