cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Failures and the Role of Emotion in Dimensional Schizotypy: A Replication and Extension.

Introduction Cognitive failures are commonplace within the general population but may be particularly heightened in those with higher levels of schizotypy. This is especially salient in the context of enduring trait and momentary state negative emotion which often contributes to increases in daily impairments, leading to a more debilitating and distracted life. Particularly, individuals with elevated levels of schizotypy may be more likely to experience cognitive failures, especially in the presence of negative trait emotion such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, little is known about the influence of state emotion and the distinct roles that state and trait emotion may have with cognitive failures and schizotypy. Methods To replicate and extend previous findings, 306 (58% males) undergraduate students aged 18-50 years (M = 19.343; SD = 2.493) completed self-report measures of cognitive failures, trait and state emotion, and schizotypy. Mediation and moderation analyses were performed in SPSS to examine the potential effects of trait and state emotion on the relationship between schizotypy and cognitive failures. Results Consistent with previous findings, mood symptomology, in addition to negative affect, mediated cognitive failures in those with higher levels of schizotypy. However, in our sample, positive affect did not appear to buffer against cognitive failures. Conclusion The findings of the present study suggest there may be a nuanced relationship between both negative trait and state emotions on the relationships between cognitive failures and schizotypy. Understanding the interaction of enduring versus momentary emotion on cognition as they relate to an elevated risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum phenomena may be a point for earlier and more targeted interventions.
A roadmap for preventing and responding to trauma: Practical guidance for advancing community-engaged research.

OBJECTIVE Community-engaged research (CEnR) is an approach to inquiry that centers scientist-community partnerships characterized by mutuality and reciprocity, and is well-aligned with trauma-informed principles, such as trustworthiness, transparency, and fostering empowerment. METHOD The current paper considers definitions and applications of CEnR, highlighting examples from the trauma literature, from the formulation of research questions to the dissemination of research findings. CONCLUSION To realize CEnR's promise to contribute to innovation, scientific understanding, and increased impact in the trauma field will require a shift in training and institutions. Fortunately, a growing interest in advocacy, public psychology, and diversity, equity, and inclusion presents an opportunity for synergy. Practical guidance is offered for supporting CEnR by preparing students, investing in faculty, and building infrastructure. Clinical Impact Statement: Community-engaged research (CEnR) focuses on equitable scientist-community partnerships in research, and shares principles with trauma-informed work. By prioritizing community collaboration, CEnR has the potential to lead to innovation, scientific understanding, and increased impact in the trauma field. For example, CEnR approaches emphasize dissemination to public audiences, which could help educate the public and policymakers about trauma and its impact. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Graffiti in the Cave of the Mammoths

I VISITED THE CAVE of Rouffignac on a day of sun showers, but in side it was cold and dark. Rouffignac is what they call a dry cave, which means that it was formed by water moving laterally from a central well, not by seepage from the surface. Thus it has no stalactites, and the walls are relatively smooth. Red stones projecting from the walls are broken off where bears sharpened their claws. Craters in the stone floor were scooped out by bears for their winter-long snoozes. Fifteen thousand years ago, men and bears competed for living space in these caverns of the soft stone cliffs along the Dordogne and V?z?re rivers. Now an electric train carries you two miles into the cliff to see the wall paintings. Whoever drew the figures walked that distance to make those drawings in that spot. He drew three rhinoceros walking in a line. Further on, someone engraved a figure into the soft stone. The guide's flashlight follows the outline of the tusks, the trunk, the rounded skull, the down ward curve connecting skull to hump: a mammoth, suggested with elo quent simplicity. Further on, in a great hall, there are more than sixty fig ures of animals. On the ceiling is a horse so large that whoever painted it could not have seen the whole at once. He had to visualize the propor tions. But there are other sophisticated feats. For one, a frieze of mam moths, two herds of them, coming together nose to nose in the center of a wall. In one herd, a straggler walks a few paces behind the others. Some one composed these images for this space. Someone had an idea on a grand scale and executed it.
Mechanism of mitochondrial swelling: III. Two forms of energized swelling

Abstract The characteristics of energized swelling of beef heart mitochondria are described and compared with those of pseudoenergized swelling. Both processes are ultimately dependent upon ion gradients. The essential difference between these two types of swelling resides in the way the ion gradient is generated. In pseudoenergized swelling in sucrose-free media containing certain alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium acetate), the salts readily penetrate the mitochondrion by passive or facilitated diffusion and achieve an equilibrium distribution determined by the Dorman effect. As a result of this equilibration and Donnan distribution, swelling takes place. In energized swelling in a sucrose-free medium containing appropriate alkali metal salts (e.g., potassium acetate), swelling is also the result of the equilibration of salts coupled with the resulting Donnan ion distribution. However, in the latter case the penetration of the cristael membrane by salts is achieved by energy dependent translocation rather than by passive or facilitated diffusion. In energized swelling in sucrose media, the salt must be concentrated interiorily by an active transport mechanism. Translocation of ions thus leads to accumulation of sufficient salt in the osmotically active space to provide an osmotic gradient in excess of that imposed by the sucrose medium, and swelling takes place. Energized swelling in sucrose-free media can be arrested by addition of uncouplers or of reagents which inhibit the energizing process. Energized swelling in sucrose-containing media is not only arrested, but also the process is reversed by the addition of these reagents. Pseudoenergized swelling is neither arrested nor reversed by this means. However, imposition of an external osmotic gradient by addition of sucrose can reverse pseudoenergized swelling and can reverse energized swelling in a sucrose-free medium which has been arrested by addition of respiratory inhibitors.
Establishment of radiation resistant esophageal carcinoma cell lines and signal transduction pathways involved

4405 Purpose: Radiation therapy plays a crucial role for the management of locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, 75% of patients still have residual disease after standard definitive radiotherapy. Dose escalation of radiation didn’t improve local control and survival indicating radiation resistance. The mechanism of this critical clinical issue remain unclear. To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in radiation resistant esophageal cancer cells after fractionated radiotherapy, we established radiation resistant esophageal carcinoma cell lines and analyzed possible signal transduction pathways involved. Material and methods: Radiation resistant esophageal cancer cell lines were established by fractionated radiation. Five pairs of esophageal squamous carcer cell lines and two pair of adenocarcinoma cell lines were treated with continuous 2 Gy fractionated irradiation to total dose 60 Gy. The parental cells were subjected to identical trypsinisation, re-plating, and culture conditions but were not irradiated. The radiation sensitivity of both paretnal cell lines and radiation resistant cell lines was determined by clonogenic assay after exposure to graded single doses of radiation (0–10 Gy).Cell cycle distribution and sub-G1 DNA accumulation study after exposure to 6 Gy of irradiation using FACS. The alternation of signal transduction pathways was studied using Western blot. Results: Total of six radiation resistant cells lines have been established. One pair of the cell lines (parental Seg-1 and radiation resistant Seg-1R) were adenocarcinoma, the most common cell type in the United States. Clonogenic assay showed significant increase in radiation resistance (up to 25-fold, P
The Value of Long‐Term Assessment of Restoration: Support from a Seagrass Investigation

The importance of judging success of restoration studies over extended time periods has been repeatedly voiced but convincing information to justify increased monitoring is generally unavailable. Building on Bell et al. (2008), we investigated the development of areal coverage of the seagrass, Halodule wrightii, as a metric for assessing the outcome of a restoration effort conducted near Tampa Bay, Florida, U.S.A., over 7 years, thereby expanding the timescale over which a subtropical seagrass restoration project was evaluated for success. In each of 12 plots, 500 planting units of H. wrightii were introduced in 2002, and the seagrass cover level documented annually through 2009. Although only low-moderate levels of H. wrightii cover were recorded after 3 years, a rapid increase to high coverage levels was evident in many plots after 2006 and sustained through 2009. Plots that supported only low levels of seagrass cover initially remained poor performers, 4–7 years post-planting. By 2008, substantial seagrass spillover, contiguous with over 75% of plots, was recorded. When both within-plot coverage and spillover were considered, seagrass restoration success was attained 6 years after initiation. Our findings provide an example of comparatively longer-term monitoring of a restoration effort leading to reversal of an earlier evaluation of project success. Moreover, unique information on H. wrightii temporal dynamics emerged from the 7 year study, further illustrating the value of long-term assessment of restoration. Extending the duration of post-planting surveys of seagrass coverage may address multiple needs as it advances the field of seagrass restoration.
Oleaginous yeast platform for producing biofuels via co-solvent hydrothermal liquefaction.

Oleaginous microorganisms are attractive feedstock for production of liquid biofuels. Direct hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an efficient route that converts whole, wet biomass into an energy-dense liquid fuel precursor, called ‘biocrude’. HTL represents a promising alternative to conventional lipid extraction methods as it does not require a dry feedstock or additional steps for lipid extraction. However, high operating pressure in HTL can pose challenges in reactor sizing and overall operating costs. Through the use of co-solvents the HTL operating pressure can be reduced. The present study investigates low-temperature co-solvent HTL of oleaginous yeast, Cryptococcus curvatus, using laboratory batch reactors. In this study, we report the co-solvent HTL of microbial yeast biomass in an isopropanol–water binary system in the presence or absence of Na2CO3 catalyst. This novel approach proved to be effective and resulted in significantly higher yield of biocrude (56.4 ± 0.1 %) than that of HTL performed without a co-solvent (49.1 ± 0.4 %)(p = 0.001). Addition of Na2CO3 as a catalyst marginally improved the biocrude yield. The energy content of the resulting biocrude (~37 MJ kg−1) was only slightly lower than that of petroleum crude (42 MJ kg−1). The HTL process was successful in removing carboxyl groups from fatty acids and creating their associated straight-chain alkanes (C17–C21). Experimental results were leveraged to inform techno-economic analysis (TEA) of the baseline HTL conversion pathway to evaluate the commercial feasibility of this process. TEA results showed a renewable diesel fuel price of $5.09 per gallon, with the HTL-processing step accounting for approximately 23 % of the total cost for the baseline pathway. This study shows the feasibility of co-solvent HTL of oleaginous yeast biomass in producing an energy-dense biocrude, and hence provides a platform for adding value to the current dairy industry. Co-solvents can be used to lower the HTL temperature and hence the operating pressure. This process results in a higher biocrude yield at a lower HTL temperature. A conceptual yeast HTL biofuel platform suggests the use of a dairy waste stream for increasing the productivity and sustainability of rural areas while providing a new feedstock (yeast) for generating biofuels.
Combinatorial fabrication and studies of bright white organic light-emitting devices based on emission from rubrene-doped 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl

Very bright and efficient white multilayer organic light-emitting devices based on orange-emitting 2–10-nm-thick layers of 0.25 and 0.5 wt % rubrene-doped 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′biphenyl are described. The color coordinates of all but one of the devices are well within the white region at 6–12 V, corresponding to a dynamic white brightness range of 30 dB. Their highest brightness Lmax was over 74 000 Cd/m2; in all devices Lmax exceeded 50 000 Cd/m2. The maximum efficiencies were 11.0 Cd/A, 6.0 lm/W, and 4.6% at 5.8 V, 0.6 mA/cm2, and 68 Cd/m2 in the 0.25 wt %, 2-nm-thick doped layer device. The color variation is attributed to either emission from different zones in devices with a thin doped layer, or saturation of emission sites due to relatively light doping.
Ionization energy of adsorbed dye molecules

Abstract The ionization energy of some photographic sensitizer dyes has been measured with the dye adsorbed on a series of substrates. A simple relationship appears between ionization energy and dielectric constant of the substrate, and the effect is principally electrostatic in nature. A relationship between magnitude of effect and structure of the dye molecule is suggested in which the governing factor is the distance of the conjugated chain of the sensitizer molecule from the substrate. For many sensitizer dyes the effect is small, ∼0.2 eV for the whole range of substrates, and extrapolation to a dielectric constant of 1.0 gives a vacuum ionization energy within ∼0.1 eV of that of the solid dye.
When the Stick Works: Power in International Mediation

Mediating International Crises. By Jonathan Wilkenfeld, Kathleen J. Young, David M. Quinn, Victor Asal. London: Routledge, 2005. 256 pp., $113.00 (ISBN: 0-415-70067-1). Mediators who push and who sanction may not win friends but they do have a positive impact on the international relations of states involved in dangerous situations (p. 173). Mediation is a specific form of third-party intervention that, over time, has been used extensively to address international conflicts (Bercovitch and Derouen 2004). Considering the frequency with which mediation has been employed, the question as to which form of mediation will improve the chances for successfully resolving international conflicts takes on great importance. Are there specific styles that work better, and, if so, do these styles depend on how much influence third parties can exert on the disputants to come to an agreement? The field of conflict management has tried to find answers to these questions for a long time. Yet, as Louis Kriesberg (1997:65) observes, a “matter of dissensus” has emerged in the literature on third-party intervention that centers on the question of coercion. For some scholars (for example, Bercovitch and Rubin 1992), an effective mediator needs to make use of resources that can persuade the different actors to comply with a particular result. For others (for example, Burton 1986), traditional means of power bargaining by third parties are not only limited, they “are themselves an additional reason for conflicts to be protracted” because they “lead to temporary settlements without tackling the underlying issues” (Burton 1986:178). In Mediating International Crises , Jonathan Wilkenfeld, Kathleen Young, David Quinn, and Victor Asal offer empirical as well as experimental data to address this debate. Their results suggest that the more coercive or manipulative mediation style has clear advantages. Mediating International Crises is based on a multi-method approach that combines “an in-depth historical analysis of crisis cases over an extended …
Occupational health risk to nanoparticulate exposure

The evolution of nanotechnology from laboratory research to full-scale production has led to the need to understand the health risk to workers in that industry from the dispersion of nanoparticles escaping from various aspects of the production process. Risk is a function of both the hazard imposed by a compound or material and the expected exposure level. Therefore, research to evaluate proper exposure assessment methods specific to nanoparticles in a workplace atmosphere, as well as research on the toxicological properties of nanoparticles, has been conducted to better understand methods for protecting the health of workers in this burgeoning industry. From an assessment standpoint, researchers are evaluating both the accuracy and validity of currently available instruments and the merits of each of the three metrics – mass, surface area, and count – as indicators of exposure that provide the most relevant indication of worker health risk. Likewise, toxicologists are employing both in vitro and in vivo methods to understand the potential hazard to workers who may inhale aerosolized nanoparticles. This review provides an overview of current research efforts in nanoparticle exposure assessment and toxicology with an emphasis on how information from both fields of study combine to provide guidance to minimize the health risk posed by nanoparticulate exposure in the workplace.
What is wrong with the indeterminacy of language-attribution?

One might take the significance of Davidson’s indeterminacy thesis to be that the question as to which language we can take another to be speaking can only be settled relative to our choice of an acceptable theory for interpreting the speaker. This, in turn, could be taken to show that none of us is ever speaking a determinate language. I argue that this result is self-defeating and cannot avoid collapse into a troubling skepticism about meaning. I then offer a way of trying to make sense of the idea that some utterances do belong to determinate languages even though there is no determinate language one can take another to be speaking. This, however, results in an uninviting picture of communication in which no speaker is really in a position to say what another’s words mean.
Synthesis of the C5-C9 Fragment of the Polypropionate Unit of the Geodiamolides and Jaspamide

Abstract An alternative stereoselective approach to the C5C9 fragment of the polypropionate unit of the geodiamolide and jaspamide is described.
Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction After Previous Lumpectomy and Radiation Therapy: Analysis of Complications and Satisfaction

Background:Lumpectomy and radiation therapy (breast conservation therapy [BCT]) are common treatments for early-stage breast cancer. However, many of these patients will require a subsequent salvage mastectomy and reconstruction after a locoregional recurrence. This study examines whether prior BCT
Improved orthopaedic bone cement formulations based on rubber toughening.

Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bone cements have been used for the fixation of hip and knee implants since the early 1960s. 1 Aseptic loosening, related to fracture of the PMMA, continues to be the primary mode of failure for these prostheses, 2,3 Failed prostheses must be replaced causing additional expense and patient trauma. Furthermore, the average lifetime of the revised prosthesis is significantly lower than that of a primary prosthesis.4 Recent work by Moseley and co-workers 5,6 led to the development of a promising new rubber toughened cement. It is comprised of a matrix of the traditional PMMA with dispersed rubber particles to modify mechanical properties and, in particular, improve fracture toughness. The fracture toughness of the experimental material was 167% greater than the toughness of a nontoughened control; however, the elastic modulus and compressive strength were reduced. The reductions in properties should not pose a clinical problem based on results of the implant model reported by Moseley, 5 More serious concerns were mixing and delivery problems and high residual monomer concentrations. The formulation and chemical/mechanical characterization of new toughened acrylic formulations that have residual monomer levels equivalent to Simplex and better mixing properties are reported.
Antiangiogenic Effect of a Chinese Sweet Leaf Tea Extract in Experimental Corneal Neovascularization

AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of topical administration of Rubus suavissimus. S. Lee (Rosaceae) (RUS), an extract of Chinese sweet leaf tea, in the prevention of experimentally induced corneal neovascularization. Corneal neovascularization was induced in 40 rat eyes (1 per animal) by a silver nitrate cauterization technique. Three concentrations (0.1%, 1%, and 10% w/v) of RUS in saline were administered topically twice a day for 7 days. The coverage of the corneal surface by neovascular vessels was measured, using photographs, as a percentage of total cornea area. A histopathologic score was assigned to each cornea. The difference in mean burn stimulus scores of treatment and placebo groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.714). The 10% RUS solution caused a significant decrease in the percentage of neovascularization in response to cauterization (p < 0.01); the 0.1% and 1% concentrations were not significantly different from controls (p = 0.173). The 10% concentration g...
‘Outlandish Love’: Marriage and Immigration in City Comedies

This article questions the orthodox reading of early English city comedies that such plays exhibit intense national or proto-national fervor, especially articulated in terms of anti-alien sentiment. A close examination of The Dutch Courtesan and Englishmen for My Money shows that English playgoers were keen to see their cosmopolitan city staged. Moreover, these plays suggest that when it came to European immigrants to England, status and wealth were far more important to the English than considerations of birthplace and ethnicity.
Scanning laser ophthalmoscope measurement of local fundus reflectance and autofluorescence changes arising from rhodopsin bleaching and regeneration.

Purpose We measured the bleaching and regeneration kinetics of rhodopsin in the living human eye with two-wavelength, wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), and investigated the effect of rhodopsin bleaching on autofluorescence intensity. Methods The retina was imaged with an Optos P200C SLO by its reflectance of 532 and 633 nm light, and its autofluorescence excited by 532 nm light, before and after exposure to lights calibrated to bleach rhodopsin substantially. Bleaching was confined to circular retinal regions of 4.8° visual angle located approximately 16° superotemporal and superonasal to fixation. Images were captured as 12-bit tiff files and postprocessed to extract changes in reflectance and autofluorescence. Results At the locus of bleaching transient increases in reflectance of the 532 nm, but not the 633 nm beam were observed readily and quantified. A transient increase in autofluorescence also occurred. The action spectrum, absolute sensitivity, and recovery of the 532 nm reflectance increase were consistent with previous measurements of human rhodopsin's spectral sensitivity, photosensitivity, and regeneration kinetics. The autofluorescence changes closely tracked the changes in rhodopsin density. Conclusions The bleaching and regeneration kinetics of rhodopsin can be measured locally in the human retina with a widely available SLO. The increased autofluorescence excited by 532 nm light upon bleaching appears primarily due to transient elimination of rhodopsin's screening of autofluorescent fluorochromes in the RPE. The spatially localized measurement with a widely available SLO of rhodopsin, the most abundant protein in the retina, could be a valuable adjunct to retinal health assessment.
Flavivirus-mosquito interactions.

The Flavivirus genus is in the family Flaviviridae and is comprised of more than 70 viruses. These viruses have a broad geographic range, circulating on every continent except Antarctica. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as yellow fever virus, dengue virus serotypes 1–4, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality in affected regions. This review focuses on what is known about flavivirus-mosquito interactions and presents key data collected from the field and laboratory-based molecular and ultrastructural evaluations.
Correlation of in situ measurements of plasma irregularities with ground-based scintillation observations

[1] We present here the first comparison of in situ ion density fluctuations measured by the Planar Langmuir Probe on Communication\Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) with coincident ground-based measurements of scintillation from the Scintillation Decision Aid (SCINDA) network and coherent scatter radar located on Christmas Island (3°N, 157°W) over a 15 month period from May 2008 through June 2009. The Planar Langmuir Probe on C/NOFS measures absolute ion densities from 10 to 108 cm−3 at a rate up to 1024 Hz. The instrument is conceptually similar to ion traps and retarding potential analyzers that have flown on many past satellite and rocket missions. However, the present design includes advances in electronic capability compared with past designs. Initial results from this study show that in situ density fluctuations observed on magnetic flux tubes that pass over Christmas Island can be used as an indicator of ionospheric radio wave scintillation at that site. This is true even when the measurements are made at horizontal ranges of over 1000 km away from the ground site as long as the field line apex altitudes are less than ∼600 km.
Somatosensory evoked potential, neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of cervical spinal cord decompression.

The present study was designed to determine the relationship between neurological testing, anatomical imaging, and electrophysiological monitoring for assessing outcome of cervical spinal cord decompression. We prospectively studied 28 consecutive patients (age 39-76 yr) who were subjected to presurgical-(1-3 wk) and postsurgical (3-4 mo) neurological examination and recording of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). In 13 patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed. Changes in neurological function, SEP and MRI were evaluated and graded as (1) improvement,(2) no change or (3) deterioration. Neurological outcome (NO) was based on changes in motor grade strength, sensory, reflexes and gait. The SEP outcome was based on changes in latency and disappearance of SEP waveform components whereas MRI evaluation was based on changes in spinal cord and canal diameters. Significance of association between NO, SEP and MRI was determined by Pearson's Chi-Square statistic (P<.05). The SEP improved in 71% (20/28) and deteriorated in 28% (8/28) of the subjects. An association between SEP changes and NO was found in 82% (23/28) of the subjects (P = .0038). Decompression increased the spinal canal diameter in 92% (12/13), and the spinal cord diameter in 38% (5/13) of the subjects. An association between NO, or SEP and MRI was not detected. Changes in median nerve SEP latency appear to be predictive of the neurological status of patients subjected to cervical spinal cord decompression. Postoperative increments in SEP latency or disappearance of the SEP waves were indicative of poor outcome after surgical decompression of the cervical spinal cord.
Analysis of the decay of the fluorescence anisotropy of 2,4,6,8-decatetraene in a viscous hydrocarbon solution: the off-axis orientation of the transition dipole moment

Abstract The time dependence of the anisotropy of all-trans-decatetraene in paraffin oil solution is analyzed in terms of a prolate ellipsoid of revolution with the electronic transition dipole oriented at an angle with respect to the ellipsoidal long axis. Data obtained at five temperatures from 10 to −5°C are all well fit by this model and in each case an angle of 22±2° is obtained. This value is in good agreement with other recent results using a single crystal containing a tetraene chromophore. The values of the parallel and perpendicular rotational diffusion coefficients vary smoothly with temperature. These are discussed in terms of the molecular dimensions and hydrodynamic slip versus stick boundary conditions. The end-over-end motion is found to be described by diffusion with slip boundary conditions; the axial motion is much faster than expected on the basis of stick boundary conditions but much slower than for slip conditions.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Chiral Ionic Liquids and Their Polymers in Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography

Two amino acid-derived (leucinol and N-methylpyrrolidinol) chiral ionic liquids are synthesized and characterized in both monomeric and polymeric forms. Leucinol-based chiral cationic surfactant is a room-temperature ionic liquid, and pyrrolidinol-based chiral cationic surfactant melts at 30−35 °C to form an ionic liquid (IL). The monomeric and polymeric ILs are thoroughly characterized to determine critical micelle concentration, aggregation number, polarity, optical rotation, and partial specific volume. Herein, we present the first enantioseparation using chiral IL as a pseudostationary phase in capillary electrophoresis. Chiral separation of two acidic analytes, (±)-α-bromophenylacetic acid and (±)-2-(2-chlorophenoxy)propanoic acid (±)-(2-PPA) can be achieved with both monomers and polymers of undecenoxycarbonyl-l-pryrrolidinol bromide (l-UCPB) and undecenoxycarbonyl-l-leucinol bromide (l-UCLB) at 25 mM surfactant concentration using phosphate buffer at pH 7.50. The chiral recognition seems to be faci...
Expression and function of inwardly rectifying potassium channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is because of smooth muscle contraction, although the mechanism of this contraction remains unresolved. Membrane potential controls the contra...
Pavlovian compound conditioning in the rabbit

Abstract Two experiments are reported on eyelid conditioning in the rabbit involving compounds of isolable CSs. In Experiment 1 it was demonstrated that subjects could be trained to respond discriminatively on the basis of specific configurations when no other reliable component cues were available. In Experiment II, a novel test procedure failed to provide further evidence that subjects utilized specific configurational cues when reliable isolable components were available. The findings were discussed in terms of the assumption that any stimulus compound involves both isolable and configurational components with the former being more “salient” than the latter.
Anion exchange membranes derived from nafion precursor for the alkaline fuel cell: Effect of cation type on properties

Highly stable hydroxide conducting membranes are necessary for solid-state alkaline fuel cells to have long performance lifetimes. In this study, we used solid-state chemistry to synthesize Nafion-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with a variety of covalently attached cations, including trimethylammonium, trimethylphosphonium, piperazinium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium, and quaternized 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Infrared spectroscopy confirms a partial asymmetric functionalization of all cations with the exception of pyridinium. The AEMs that were successfully synthesized all exhibited sufficient water uptake and conductivity. The effect of cation type on AEM chemical and thermal stability was investigated as a function of various conditions (e.g., hydration levels, temperature, and pH). High chemical and thermal stability was observed for all successfully synthesized AEMs with the exception of the trimethylphosphonium cation AEM. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Syrian hamsters express two monomorphic class I major histocompatibility complex molecules

The description of the Syrian hamster major histocompatibility complex (MHC), Hm-1, has progressed to the point that multiple class II alloantigens have been defined using structural and functional studies. However, no comparable success has been achieved using allotypic differences to detect class I molecules. We now report that xenoantisera raised in other species against hamster tissues have made it possible to describe class I MHC homologues in the hamster. Evidence which confirms that these molecules exist includes (1) on immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled lymphoid cell lysates, heterodimers of approximate molecular weight 47 000 and 12 000 are identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the latter representing hamster β 2-microglobulin; (2) by direct immunoprecipitation these molecules are ubiquitously expressed on hamster tissues; (3) partial N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis reveals striking homology with class I molecules described in other species. In addition, the amino acid sequence data reveal that two class I molecules are expressed on the surfaces of hamster cells. On two-dimensional PAGE analysis, these molecules are invariant among the several strains of genetically disparate hamsters available for study. We conclude that (1) hamsters have the capacity to make class I MHC molecules, (2) at least two genetic loci are dedicated to this purpose, and (3) no allelic forms can be detected, suggesting that there is no class I polymorphism.
Cosolvents facilitate DNA synthesis in the herpes simplex virus 1 unique short (Us) inverted repeat.

Abstract DNA synthesis under standard conditions is not successful within a portion of the U s 1 gene of HSV-1 which is juxtaposed to an 86% G+C-containing tract in the U s inverted repeat sequence. We report that the independent addition of specific amounts of at least three different types of cosolvents is capable of facilitating DNA synthesis within this G+C-rich region. In addition, this strategy was used to successfully place a specific site-directed mutation in the U s 1 gene. Consideration of these observations should enable future site-specific mutational analyses of portions of the HSV-1 genome which have traditionally been unamenable to genetic manipulations.
7 DETERMINANTS OF SERUM URATE IN ADOLESCENCE

During adolescence, serum uric acid concentration increases and adult levels are attained. Physiologic factors related to adolescent serum urate levels were investigated using data from the U.S. Health Examination Survey. The survey population comprised 6768 youths, aged 12 to 17 years, selected to represent the U.S. population with respect to age, sex, race, and demographic status. Serum urate increases markedly during pubescence in males; in females the increase is modest. In males, the increase is strongly associated with sexual maturation (Tanner staging) and with skeletal age (radiographic assessment). The relationships among skeletal age, serum urate, and Tanner stage in males are strong enough to permit use of urate concentration in assessing sexual and physiological maturation. In later adolescence, body composition (body mass index and skinfold thickness), and hematocrit are more closely related to serum urate than is sexual maturation. Blood pressure and serum cholesterol have significant but weaker relationships. These relationships are similar to those in adults. Serum urate concentrations are 0.5 mg/dl lower in black male and female youths of all ages, and this consistent difference is unrelated to other factors. During adolescence, the early rise in serum urate concentration is related to physiological maturation, while the levels in late adolescence are similar to those in adults.
Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication on a Reconfigurable Supercomputer with Application

Double precision floating point Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SMVM) is a critical computational kernel used in iterative solvers for systems of sparse linear equations. The poor data locality exhibited by sparse matrices along with the high memory bandwidth requirements of SMVM result in poor performance on general purpose processors. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a possible alternative with their customizable and application-targeted memory sub-system and processing elements. In this work we investigate two separate implementations of the SMVM on an SRC-6 MAPStation workstation. The first implementation investigates the peak performance capability, while the second implementation balances the amount of instantiated logic with the available sustained bandwidth of the FPGA subsystem. Both implementations yield the same sustained performance with the second producing a much more efficient solution. The metrics of processor and application balance are introduced to help provide some insight into the efficiencies of the FPGA and CPU based solutions explicitly showing the tight coupling of the available bandwidth to peak floating point performance. Due to the FPGAs ability to balance the amount of implemented logic to the available memory bandwidth it can provide a much more efficient solution. Finally, making use of the lessons learned implementing the SMVM, we present a fully implemented non-preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm utilizing the second SMVM design.
The effect of sulfaquinoxaline on the course of Eimeria stiedae infections in the domestic rabbit.

Abstract 1. 1. The administration of 0.03% sulfaquinoxaline in the feed afforded effective control from a practical standpoint to animals infected with Eimeria stiedae not more than 4 days before medication was started. 2. 2. Animals inoculated 6 to 8 days prior to the start of medication frequently had disfigured livers, but fertile oocysts were not liberated. Such animals could not, therefore, become sources of further infections. 3. 3. Medication started 10 days or more after inoculations did not prevent disfiguration of the liver, but shortened the period over which normal oocysts were voided, and in some instances entirely prevented their liberation. 4. 4. Maximum protection did not appear to come until about 8 days after the introduction of medication, except when the microgametes were involved. In these cases the drug was effective within 48–96 hours. 5. 5. At the level given, the drug was not completely effective against any stage in the life cycle, or at any time, but seemed to exert its greatest influence on the motile, extracellular stages.
The correlation between colonic cooling and survival time in the acute cold-exposed laboratory mouse: Influence of cold acclimation

Abstract 1. 1.Correlation between survival time and colonic cooling in the mouse has been assessed during acute cold exposure. 2. 2.Mice acclimated to room temperature (22°C) and cold (0°C) environments were acutely exposed to cold temperatures (−18°C). Two colonic temperatures were taken, the first after 30 min of cold exposure, and the second when the mice lost their righting reflex. Time to loss of righting reflex was designated as survival time. 3. 3.In a mouse acclimated to 22°C, colonic cooling and survival time are exponentially related with a high degree of correlation. This relationship also holds true for a cold-acclimated animal but the correlation coefficient of these variables is significantly reduced. 4. 4.In conclusion, colonic cooling is an accurate reflection of the ability of mice to survive acute cold exposure. However, in cold-acclimated mice colonic cooling cannot be considered as reliable for measuring cold resistance as it is in mice acclimated to warmer temperatures.
The shortest single axioms for groups of exponent 4

Abstract We study equations of the form ( α = x ), which are single axioms for groups of exponent 4, where α is a term in product only. Every such α must have at least nine variable occurrences, and there are exactly three such α of this size, up to variable renaming and mirroring. These terms were found by an exhaustive search through all terms of this form. Automated techniques were used in two ways: to eliminate many α by verifying that ( α = x ) is ture in some nongroup, and to verify that the group axioms do indeed follow from the successful ( α = x ). We also present an improvement on Neumann's scheme for single axioms for varieties of groups.
Evaluation of measurements of 238Pu, 239Pu and 240Pu in urine at the microbecquerel level using thermal ionization mass spectrometry and alpha-spectrometry at Los Alamos National Laboratory: Results of a two year comparison test (LA-UR-06-8055)

The Intercomparison Studies Program (ISP) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA) provides natural-matrix urine quality-assurance/quality-control (QA/QC) samples to radiobioassay analysis laboratories. In 2003, a single laboratory (Los Alamos National Laboratory LANL, Los Alamos NM USA) requested a change in the test-samples provided previously by the ISP. The change was requested to evaluate measurement performance for analyses conducted using thermal-ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Radionuclides included 239Pu at two activity levels (75–150 μBq·sample−1 and 1200–1600 μBq·sample−1) and 238Pu (3700–7400 μBq·sample−1). In addition, 240Pu was added to the samples so that the 239+240Pu specific activity was 3700–7400 μBq·sample−1. In this paper, the results of testing during the period May, 2003 through September, 2005 are presented and discussed.
A Polymer Guest Transforms Clathrate Cages into Channels: The Single-Crystal X-Ray Structure of Tetra-n-butylammonium Polyacrylate Hydrate, nBu4NPA⋅40 H2O.

The stacking of hydrate cages into channels is effected by the incorporation of polyacrylic acid together with tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide into a hydrate lattice. The polymer chain (shown in the diagram as large circles) lies in the channel in such a way that some of the carboxy groups displace water molecules from the clathrate framework. The remaining carboxy groups are included in the channel as hydrophobic units without strong directional interactions with the water molecules found there.
In vivo dynamics of regulatory T-cell trafficking and survival predict effective strategies to control graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic transplantation.

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses to alloantigens. The in vivo circulation and tissue localization of Tregs during an adaptive immune response remain unclear. We noninvasively tracked luciferase-expressing Tregs over time in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant model and demonstrated colocalization with effector T cells and initial expansion in secondary lymphoid organs before migration into inflamed tissues. Inflammation induced by irradiation and the allogeneic setting provided crucial stimuli for early Treg expansion and migration, leading to parallel reduction of effector T-cell proliferation in lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues. Treg transplants conferred long-term protection from systemic inflammatory challenge consistent with Treg in vivo survival. Suppression occurred during multiple phases of inflammation, but is optimal in the initial phase, providing protection from graft-versus-host disease while maintaining the graft-versus-tumor effect even at physiologic doses of Tregs due to their in vivo expansion, hence overcoming a major barrier to potential clinical applications of Tregs given their rarity.
Anomalous spin diffusion in classical Heisenberg magnets.

Time-dependent spin-autocorrelation functions at $T=\ensuremath{\infty}$ for classical Heisenberg magnets in dimensionalities $d=1, 2, \mathrm{and} 3$ are investigated by means of a computer simulation. These functions are shown to exhibit power-law long-time tails of form ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{d}}$ with characteristic exponents ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{d}$ which differ significantly from the values ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{d}^{(\mathrm{SD})}=\frac{d}{2}$ predicted by the phenomenological spin-diffusion theory: ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}=0.609\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}=1.050\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{3}\ensuremath{\simeq}1.6$. The method to employ computer simulations for this problem differs from methods previously employed. Anomalous spin diffusion is confirmed by existing proton spin-lattice relaxation data for the quasi-1D $s=\frac{5}{2}$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet ${(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3})}_{4}$NMn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{3}$.
Data management for the distributed processing programming executive (DPPX)

The Data Management component of the new IBM 8100 Distributed Processing Programming Executive (DPPX) provides for the storage and retrieval of data on disk and tape. Its objectives are to support a broad range of functions and be easy to use, be easily extendible, and entail minimal cost for the user. The Data Management component is designed to meet those objectives by means of a layered structure, an improved concept of device independence, and the use of catalogs.
Study of the oxidation state of copper in La1.8Sr.2CuO4

Abstract : Samples of La1.8Sr.2CuO4 were prepared by decomposition of the nitrates. From magnetic susceptibility, temperature programmed reduction and ESR measurements, it is concluded that the Cu(II) has most probably disproportionated to Cu(I), Cu(III). (Keywords: Copper compounds, Nitrates, Lanthanum, Strontium).
WIDE-ANGLE REFLECTION STUDIES OF THE CRUST AND MOHO BENEATH THE ARCHEAN GNEISS TERRANE OF SOUTHERN MINNESOTA

Densely spaced wide-angle reflection data from oldest Archean crust in southern Minnesota were processed and modeled to place constraints on average crustal structure and the nature of the Moho. A preliminary 1-D extremal inversion of τ(p) arrivals extracted from vibroseis and quarry blast recordings covering offsets betweeen 70 and 108 km suggests a crustal thickness between 45 and 51 km. Slowness-depth models corresponding to extremal depths have average velocities ranging from 6.5 to 7.0 km/s, with velocities at the base of the crust ranging from 6.8 to 7.5 km/s. Estimates of Vp/Vs based on travel time ratios of P- and S-wave arrivals show an increase from 1.71 ± 0.02 in the near-surface to an average of 1.76 ± 0.03 for the whole crust, which is consistent with an increasingly mafic or plagioclase-rich composition with depth. Although the data are sparse, the occurrence of broad-band PmP, SmS, and PmS/SmP, arrivals at slightly precritical offsets combined with sporadic multicyclic reflections observed in coincident normal-incidence CDP sections suggests that the Moho beneath this terrane is not a simple velocity gradient, but rather a layered zone involving small velocity contrasts.