cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TEST_POSITIVE at W-NUT 2020 Shared Task-3: Cross-task modeling

The competition of extracting COVID-19 events from Twitter is to develop systems that can automatically extract related events from tweets. The built system should identify different pre-defined slots for each event, in order to answer important questions (e.g., Who is tested positive? What is the age of the person? Where is he/she?). To tackle these challenges, we propose the Joint Event Multi-task Learning (JOELIN) model. Through a unified global learning framework, we make use of all the training data across different events to learn and fine-tune the language model. Moreover, we implement a type-aware post-processing procedure using named entity recognition (NER) to further filter the predictions. JOELIN outperforms the BERT baseline by 17.2% in micro F1.
Understanding the influence of multiple pollutant stressors on the decline of freshwater mussels in a biodiversity hotspot.

Abstract The Clinch River watershed of the upper Tennessee River Basin of Virginia and Tennessee, USA supports one of North America's greatest concentrations of freshwater biodiversity, including 46 extant species of native freshwater mussels (Order Unionida), 20 of which are protected as federally endangered. Despite the global biological significance of the Clinch River, mussel populations are declining in some reaches, both in species richness and abundance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of adult resident mussels to a suite of inorganic and organic contaminant stressors in distinct sections of the Clinch River that encompassed a range of mussel abundance and health. To provide insight into the potential role of pollutants in the decline of mussels, including within a previously documented “zone of mussel decline”, the mainstem Clinch River (8 sites) and its tributaries (4 sites) were examined over two consecutive years. We quantified and related metals and organic contaminant concentrations in mussels to their associated habitat compartments (bed sediment, suspended particulate sediment, pore water, and surface water). We found that concentrations of organic contaminants in resident mussels, particularly the suite of 42 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analyzed, were related to PAH concentrations in all four habitat (media) compartments. Further, PAH concentrations in mussel tissue (range 37.8–978.1 ng/g dry weight in 2012 and 194.3–1073.7 ng/g dry weight in 2013) were negatively related to the spatial pattern in mussel densities (rs = −0.64, p ≤ 0.05 in 2012 and rs = −0.83, p ≤ 0.05 in 2013) within the river, and were highest in the “zone of mussel decline”. In contrast, the suite of 22 metals analyzed in resident mussels were largely unrelated to the spatial pattern of variation of metals in the four habitat compartments except for Manganese (Mn; range 3630.5-23,749.2 μg/g dry weight in 2012 and 1540.4-12,605.8 μg/g dry weight in 2013) in surface water (rs = 0.58, p
Automated Fuel Design Optimization for High Flux Isotope Reactor Low Enriched Uranium Core Design

The low enriched uranium (LEU) conversion project for the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) requires that the converted core design perform as well as or better than the current high enriched uranium core design with respect to key performance metrics, such as isotope production, while maintaining sufficient safety margins. Various designs and fuel shapes have been explored in previous optimization studies. A suite of scripts has been developed for HFIR LEU design and analysis to simplify the reactor physics and thermal hydraulics (TH) analyses. The scripts include generating a high-fidelity 3D HFIR model to perform core depletion simulations with the SHIFT Monte Carlo code, performing an essential rod criticality search during depletion, parsing SHIFT output to determine HFIR key metrics, and performing TH analysis with the HFIR Steady-State Heat Transfer Code. Previously, these scripts were separated and required human interaction between simulation stages. These scripts have been modernized and integrated into a single Python package (the Python HFIR Analysis and Measurement Engine or PHAME) to streamline execution and avoid potential human error. After modernizing the suite of scripts into a single, automated workflow, the tool set was wrapped into an in-house metaheuristic optimization driver that enables different optimization methods, such as simulated annealing and particle swarm. The optimization driver samples a fuel shape, runs PHAME, calculates the cost function with the metrics returned from PHAME, and repeats those steps until it finds an optimal fuel shape. This work demonstrates the workflow of a comprehensive, automated reactor design study and how metaheuristic optimization methods can be leveraged to fine-tune a design parameter like fuel shape. This workflow of wrapping an optimization driver on a full-scale reactor analysis suite increases design and analysis efficiency.
Overview of Disease Management Approaches Implications for Corporate-Sponsored Programs

Corporations have engaged in sponsorship of health management programs and, more recently, disease management programs to facilitate healthy and productive work environments. The purpose of this review is to examine the health and financial outcomes from these corporate-sponsored disease management programs. This article focuses on seven diseases or chronic conditions (arthritis, asthma, cancer, depression, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and migraine) that potentially impact employee productivity (both in time away from work and in loss of effectiveness at work) and health status including medical and pharmaceutical utilization and costs. Corporate-sponsored disease management programs typically focus on education and screening for selected diseases or chronic conditions. Partnerships have been formed with health plans and third-party program providers to reach employees with interventions and treatment. The typical outcome measures from these programs have primarily been clinical indicators and medical utilization. Measures of productivity need to be incorporated as important outcome measures for disease management programs. The estimated financial opportunity for the corporation is a reflection of the cost differential for a given disease and the prevalence of that disease within the employee population. Primary diseases, chronic conditions, and health risks contribute to increased medical utilization and decreased productivity within the corporation. Promoting programs that focus on the whole person, including health risks, chronic conditions, and diseases, will likely increase the possibility of success in helping the employee to better self-manage their health conditions and consequently provide gains for both the individual and the corporation.
Non-Equilibrium Ionization X-Ray Emission from Supernova Remnants

X-ray spectra of young supernova remnants (SNR’s) are perhaps the most spectacular examples of hot, line-emitting astrophysical plasmas. Heated to temperatures of 1 to 10 keV and enriched with the heavy element products of stellar nucleosynthesis, the plasma inside these SNR’s emits prodigiously in lines of O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe. Theoretical models of this emission provide measures of the plasma temperature and density, elemental abundances, and the degree of approach to ionization equilibrium. Thus, astrophysicists are offered the opportunity to test their understanding of the supernova explosion, its interaction with the interstellar medium, and the nucleo-synthetic processes which enrich our galaxy with heavy elements.
Analysis and Optimization of Explicitly Parallel Programs Using the Parallel Program Graph Representation

In this paper, we motivated the use of the Parallel Program Graph (PPG) representation in analysis and optimization of explicitly parallel programs. We presented a solution for reaching definitions analysis on PPGs and showed how it is more precise and more generally applicable than the solution presented in [8,27]. We intend to extend the results of this paper to nondeterministic data-race-free parallele programs that support mutual exclusion through acquire-release synchronisation. Other possibilities for future work include extending sequential compiler analysis and optimizations algorithms for use on PPGs, and extending existing algorithms for selecting useful parallelism from Program Dependence Graphs (PDG) to operate more generally on PPGs.
MRTD analysis of dielectric cavity structures

Multiresolution time domain (MRTD) analysis is applied to model anisotropic dielectric material. In particular, an MRTD scheme based on scaling functions only is used to analyze different types of resonant cavity structures. The results agree very well with those obtained by FDTD, FEM and integral equation methods. MRTD allows for considerable savings in memory and computational time in comparison to FDTD, while maintaining the same accuracy of the results.
A distance- and orientation-dependent energy function of amino acid key blocks.

Blocks are the selected portions of amino acids. They have been used effectively to represent amino acids in distinguishing the native conformation from the decoys. Although many statistical energy functions exist, most of them rely on the distances between two or more amino acids. In this study, the authors have developed a pairwise energy function “DOKB” that is both distance and orientation dependent, and it is based on the key blocks that bias the distal ends of side chains. The results suggest that both the distance and the orientation are needed to distinguish the fine details of the packing geometry. DOKB appears to perform well in recognizing native conformations when compared with six other energy functions. Highly packed clusters play important roles in stabilizing the structure. The investigation about the highly packed clusters at the residue level suggests that certain residue pairs in a low-energy region have lower probability to appear in the highly packed clusters than in the entire protein. The cluster energy term appears to significantly improve the recognition of the native conformations in ig_structal decoy set, in which more highly packed clusters are contained than in other decoy sets. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 681–692, 2014.
Expression of RhoC correlates with metastatic disease and survival of prostate cancer patients

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 3526 RhoC is a member of the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Rho GTPases have previously been shown to be involved in controlling cytoskeletal reorganization through MAP kinase pathway during cell migration and invasion, and they are considered to play key roles in tumor progression. The expression of RhoC appears to be highly up-regulated in various types of cancers including, breast, melanoma, pancreatic and lung. Moreover, inhibition of the expression of this gene was shown to significantly reduce the invasiveness of tumor cells in vitro, suggesting the role of RhoC in tumor metastases, although the molecular mechanism of RhoC action is yet to be examined. In order to understand the functional roles of RhoC in tumor metastases in prostate cancer, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on tumor specimens from 63 prostate cancer patients. RhoC was generally undetectable or only weakly expressed in normal epithelia and stroma cells, however, it was found to be significantly over-expressed in the cytoplasm of high grade tumors. The patients with high Gleason score (>7) had a tendency of higher expression of RhoC, although it was statistically not significant. However, the status of both lymphnode and distant metastatis have significant positive correlation with the RhoC expression (P<0.03). Interestingly, the RhoC expression also showed significant inverse correlation to that of Drg-1 which is a recently identified metastases suppressor gene. Further analysis of five year survival data revealed that the RhoC expression was significantly correlated to patient survival (P<0.02), and that Cox regression analysis indicated RhoC as an independent marker for the prediction of patient outcome. We also examined the effect of RhoC over-expression in prostate tumor cell lines and found that RhoC significantly enhanced both invasion and motility in vitro. Furthermore, results of western blot analysis of these RhoC over-expressed cells indicated that RhoC significantly altered the status of the phosphorylation of the Akt protein. Taken together, our results indicate that RhoC is involved in the process of tumor metastases in prostate cancer by augmenting cell invasiveness through a modulation of the Akt pathway, and that RhoC may serve as a useful prognostic marker.
Making the most of a message function for nursing services

A variety of technically simple nursing applications, derived from a basic message function that was installed with the IBM/PCS system, are described. This paper describes how a computerized message function installed with the IBM Patient Care System at University Hospital in Stony Brook, was modified to meet the multiple needs of a nursing service. The content of the paper is less relevant than its intent. And the intent is to persuade nurse users that the more they understand technically about the computer system they are working with, the better that system can serve them.
Association of attentional shift and reversal learning to functional deficits in geriatric depression

Objective The objective of this study is to examine the association between self-reported functional disability in depressed older adults and two types of executive function processes, attentional set shifting and reversal learning. Methods Participants (N = 89) were aged 60 or over and enrolled in a naturalistic treatment study of major depressive disorder. Participants provided information on self-reported function in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and completed the Intra–Extra Dimensional Set Shift test (IED) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery, which assesses intra-dimensional attentional shifts, extra-dimensional attentional shifts, and reversal learning. Participants were categorized by the presence or absence of IADL difficulties and compared on IED performance using bivariable and multivariable tests. Results Participants who reported IADL difficulties had more errors in extra-dimensional attentional shifting and reversal learning, but intra-dimensional shift errors were not associated with IADLs. Only extra-dimensional shift errors were significant in multivariable models that controlled for age, sex, and depression severity. Conclusions Attentional shifting across categories (i.e., extra-dimensional) was most strongly associated with increased IADL difficulties among depressed older adults, which make interventions to improve flexible problem solving a potential target for reducing instrumental disability in this population. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metakinesis: How God Becomes Intimate in Contemporary U.S. Christianity

Contemporary U.S. religion is shaped by a new emphasis on bodily and trance experience. This article describes the learning process through which evangelical congregants come to use language and bodily experiences in particular ways, which I call here “metakinesis.” Through this process, congregants build remarkably intimate relationships with God.
Cyclopentane Formation via the Ene Reaction of Olefinic Aldehydes

Abstract The Lewis acid catalyzed cyclization of olefinic aldehydes has now found frequent use in natural products synthesis. The literature examples, although all the formation of ortho-fused rings, fall into two distinct classes based on the nature of the fused six-center cyclic transition state: meta (A) or ortho (B).
Human embryonal carcinoma cells in culture do not synthesize fibronectin until they differentiate

The expression of fibronectin by clones of 2102Ep, a human cell line derived from a testicular germ-cell tumor, was studied. In high-density cultures these cells retain an embryonal carcinoma phenotype and do not express the cell surface antigen SSEA-1. They do not synthesize fibronectin. However, when grown at low densities, many of the cells appear to differentiate, as indicated by a change in their morphology and their expression of SSEA-1. Such cultures also synthesize fibronectin. Further, when low-density cultures were fractionated into SSEA-1-positive and SSEA-1-negative subpopulations by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, fibronectin synthesis was confined to the SSEA-1-positive cells. The fibronectin produced by these cells exhibits an apparent molecular weight (261,000) slightly greater than that produced by diploid fibroblasts (250,000) and may represent an embryonic form. It is not laid down as an extracellular matrix and cannot be detected by immunofluorescence analysis of cell monolayers.
Predictors of biphasic reactions in the emergency department for patients with anaphylaxis.

Background A biphasic reaction is the recurrence of anaphylaxis symptoms within 72 hours of the initial anaphylactic event, without re-exposure to the trigger. Biphasic reactions are uncommon and unpredictable, and risk factors for biphasic reactions are poorly understood. Objective To identify predictors of biphasic anaphylactic reactions in patients with anaphylaxis in the emergency department (ED). Methods Patients of all ages who presented to the ED and met diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis from April 2008 to January 2013 at an academic medical center with 73,000 annual patient visits were consecutively included. We collected data on patient characteristics, suspected triggers, signs and symptoms, ED management, and disposition. Univariate analyses were performed to estimate the association between potential predictor variables and biphasic reactions. We report associations as odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% CIs. Results Among 541 patients with anaphylaxis, median age was 34.6 years (interquartile range, 18-52 years), and 320 (59%) were female patients. Twenty-one patients (4%) had biphasic reactions. Two pediatric patients, ages of 5 years old and 16 years old, developed a biphasic reaction. The median time between the resolution of initial symptoms and onset of the biphasic reaction was 7 hours (range, 1-72 hours). Biphasic reactions were associated with a history of prior anaphylaxis (OR 2.6 [95% CI, 1.1-6.4]; P = .029), unknown precipitant (OR 2.6 [95% CI, 1.1-6.2]; P = .03), symptoms of diarrhea (OR 4.5 [95% CI, 1.4-14.0]; P = .024), and wheezing (OR 2.6 [95% CI, 1.4-8.9]; P = .029). Conclusions Patients with a history of prior anaphylaxis, an unknown precipitant, or who present with symptoms of diarrhea or wheezing may be at increased risk for a biphasic reaction.
Role of voided urine cytology in diagnosing primary urethral carcinoma

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the role of voided urine cytology in diagnosing primary carcinoma of the urethra in male and female patients. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all patients with urethral carcinoma seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1958 and 1996. The patients who had undergone voided urine cytology before any treatment were the subject of this report. Results This report included 41 female and 29 male patients. In the cohort of female patients, the most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma (n = 16), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; n = 9) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC; n = 6). Urine cytology was positive in 24 patients (59%). The sensitivity was greatest in patients with SCC (77%) and lowest in patients with TCC (50%). In the cohort of male patients, the most common histologic type was SCC (n = 14) followed by TCC (n = 10). Urine cytology was positive in 16 patients (55%). The sensitivity was greatest for patients with TCC (80%) and lowest for patients with SCC (50%). Conclusions Voided urine cytology is not a very reliable method of diagnosing primary carcinoma of the urethra in either male or female patients. A cystoscopic evaluation with possible biopsy is warranted if suspicion of carcinoma of the urethra is high.
Surface tension gradient driven spreading of trisiloxane surfactant solution on hydrophobic solid

Abstract The spreading of aqueous solutions of trisiloxane surfactant on hydrophobic surfaces has been studied extensively, but the underlying mechanisms are still being debated. Recently, we advanced the view that the initial high rate of spreading is driven by the surface tension gradient that develops spontaneously over the air–solution surface due to surfactant depletion caused by stretching of this surface. In this short paper, we substantiate this view with additional experiments. To understand the role of capillary forces, spreading experiments were conducted so that during the spreading of surfactant solution over the solid surface, the fluid displaced from the solid was an organic liquid instead of air as is the usual case. Through this scheme, the balance of forces at the three phase contact line was altered, while retaining the same surface tension gradient over the air–solution interface. Such experiments were also conducted on solid surfaces of different wettability, to examine the role of the solid–liquid interfacial tension on spreading rate. Our finding is that the initial rate of spreading is not influenced by the forces at the contact line or at the solid–solution interface, leading to the conclusion that the major driving force for spreading of trisiloxane surfactant solution on hydrophobic surfaces is the surface tension gradient over the air–solution surface. The occurrence of a maximum in spreading area with surfactant concentration is shown to be consistent with this mechanism. We also present a comparison between a simplified theoretical model and experiments to support the conclusion of surface tension gradient driven spreading.
Gebändigt: das hoch reaktive Oxoniumion

Das dreiwertige Sauerstoffatom als Strukturelement im tricyclischen Gerust von 1–3 verleiht dieser „ungewohnlichen“ Klasse von tertiaren Oxoniumionen beispiellose Stabilitat. Das Kation 1 ist am wenigsten reaktiv, es kann ohne erkennbare Zersetzung 72 h in siedendem Wasser erhitzt werden.
Noise measurements on field-emission tubes

Abstract An attempt has been made to measure space-charge noise suppression in field emission. The attempt was unsuccessful, but in the process we extended the diffusion noise and shot noise measurements to two orders of magnitude larger currents, and we learned something about the pre-breakdown condition in field-emission tubes.
Scheduling parallel machines with major and minor setup times

This article discusses the problem of scheduling a large set of parts on an FMS so as to minimize the total completion time. Here, the FMS consists of a set of parallel identical machines. Setup time is incurred whenever a machine switches from one type of part to another. The setup time may be large or small depending on whether or not the two part types belong to the same family. This article describes a fast heuristic for this scheduling problem and derives a lower bound on the optimal solution. In computational tests using random data and data from an IBM card test line, the heuristic archieves nearly optimal schedules.
Long-term nitrogen use and nitrogen-removal index in continuous crops and rotations

Abstract Cropping systems, nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels, and climate largely dictate patterns of N use and influence problems arising from N fertilization. Nitrogen use was assessed in cropping systems with a nitrogen removal-index (NRI), defined as the ratio of N removed in the grain to total N supply including that from N fixation by legumes grown in rotation. Results are reported from analyses of NRIs of cropping systems that comprised a 12-yr continuous and sequential growing of maize [ Zea mays L.], soybean [ Glycine max. (L.) Merr.], sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and oat/clover [ Avena sativa (L.)/80% Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., 20% Trifolium pratense ] in eastern Nebraska. Rotations involving maize or sorghum had higher NRIs than continuous cereals at 0 N application levels. Increasing N rates reduced NRI and resulted in an increase of residual nitrate in all but the continuous soybean system. Also, NRI was highest in continuous soybean, lower in continuous maize, and lowest in continuous sorghum. Rotations and lower N rates both contributed to higher NRI and lower soil residual nitrate. Biological windows that comprised the cumulative number of days in the entire year when soil is moist and temperature above a specific threshold correlated positively and significantly with NRI, whereas NRI and August temperature were negatively related. Between 43 and 87% of variability of NRI in maize and soybean systems was attributed to August temperature plus August precipitation index. Biological window (moist soil, temperature above 5°C ) plus May temperature explained up to 76% of variability of NRI of maize and soybean. Nitrogen removal index for sorghum was unrelated to weather variables. Estimated additions to the soil organic N reserve from the return of crop residues averaged between 16 and 80 kg ha −1 yr −1 with higher levels from sorghum and from all treatments with high levels of N fertilizer. Crop rotations generally increased the N-removal index, reduced the year-to-year variability in N-removal-index, and at 0 N-application rate, increased the return of N in residue to the soil N pool, compared to continuous cropping of single species.
Effects of Product Placement in On-Line Games on Brand Memory: A Perspective of the Limited-Capacity Model of Attention

This study explores the conditions under which product placement in an on-line game will get noticed and be remembered from a perspective of the limited-capacity model of attention. Results show that the location of brand messages in the game (referred to here as proximity), game involvement, and prior game-playing experience interact to influence brand memory. Although experienced players in the moderate-involvement condition recognize focal brands better than the peripheral brands, the recognition superiority of the focal brands over the peripheral brands disappears when experienced players' involvement is high. The interaction between proximity and game involvement does not emerge for inexperienced players, however. Findings also demonstrate that the degree of congruity between the product category of a brand and game content influences brand memory such that highly incongruent brands are better recalled than either moderately incongruent brands or highly congruent brands. Implications for researchers ...
Does preservative-free lignocaine 1% for hydrodissection reduce pain during phacoemulsification?

Abstract Purpose To compare preservative-free 1% lignocaine with balanced salt solution (BSS®) in alleviating pain during hydrodissection in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Setting West Norwich Hospital, Norfolk, United Kingdom. Methods This prospective double-masked trial comprised 68 patients having day-case phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, receiving either BSS or lignocaine 1% solution for hydrodissection during routine uneventful phacoemulsification using topical anesthesia. The level of intraoperative pain was scored on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain), and the scores between the 2 groups were compared. Results Of the 68 patients, 33 (49%) received BSS and 35 (51%), lignocaine 1% solution. A pain score greater than 2 was considered clinically significant; 28 patients (85%) in the BSS group and 25 (71%) in the lignocaine 1% group scored 2 or less. The chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests found no significant difference between the BSS and lignocaine 1% groups ( P = .30 and P = .432, respectively). Conclusion There was no significant difference in the pain scores in patients who received BSS or lignocaine 1% solution. Thus, we conclude that hydrodissecting with lignocaine 1% solution does not provide added pain relief during phacoemulsification.
Inter-Satellite Comparison and Evaluation of Navy SNPP-VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua Ocean Color Properties

Navy operational ocean color products of inherent optical properties and radiances are evaluated for the Suomi–NPP VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua sensors. Statistical comparisons with shipboard measurements were determined in a wide variety of coastal, shelf and offshore locations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico during two cruises in 2013. Product consistency between MODIS-Aqua, nearing its end-of-life expectancy, and Suomi-NPP VIIRS is being evaluated for the Navy to retrieve accurate ocean color properties operationally from VIIRS in a variety of water types. Currently, the existence, accuracy and consistency of multiple ocean color sensors (VIIRS, MODIS-Aqua) provides multiple looks per day for monitoring the temporal and spatial variability of coastal waters. Consistent processing methods and algorithms are used in the Navy’s Automated Processing System (APS) for both sensors for this evaluation. The inherent optical properties from both sensors are derived using a coupled ocean-atmosphere NIR correction extending well into the bays and estuaries where high sediment and CDOM absorption dominate the optical signature. Coastal optical properties are more complex and vary from chlorophyll-dominated waters offshore. The in-water optical properties were derived using vicariously calibrated remote sensing reflectances and the Quasi Analytical Algorithm (QAA) to derive the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP’s). The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the JPSS program have been actively engaged in calibration/validation activities for Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ocean color products.
Mechanism of hydrodenitrogenation on phosphides and sulfides.

The mechanism of hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of 2-methylpiperidine was studied over a silica-supported nickel phosphide catalyst (Ni2P/SiO2, Ni/P = 1/2) and a commercial Ni−Mo−S/Al2O3 catalyst in a three-phase trickle-bed reactor operated at 3.1 MPa and 450−600 K. Analysis of the product distribution as a function of contact time indicated that the reaction proceeded in both cases predominantly by a substitution mechanism, with a smaller contribution of an elimination mechanism. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the 2-methylpiperidine indicated that at reaction conditions a piperidinium ion intermediate was formed on both the sulfide and the phosphide. It is concluded that the mechanism of HDN on nickel phosphide is very similar to that on sulfides. The mechanism on the nickel phosphide was also probed by comparing the reactivity of piperidine and several of its derivatives in the presence of 3000 ppm S. The relative elimination rates depended on the structure of the molecules, and followed...
Endogenous and Transplanted Small Hepatocytes in Retrorsine-treated/Partially Hepatectomized Rat Liver Show Differences in Growth, Phenotype, and Proximity to Clusters of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase-positive Host Hepatocytes

In the present report, we have compared the phenotype and growth of small hepatocyte progenitors (SHPs) induced by retrorsine/partial hepatectomy (R/PH) and small hepatocytes (SHs) isolated from no...
Building an Integrated Patient Information System for a Healthcare Network

The recent healthcare reform act provides incentive payments to providers for their 'meaningful use' of electronic health records to achieve significant improvements in care. The HITECH Act 2009 provides incentives payments through Medicare and Medicaid to clinicians and hospitals when they achieve specified improvements in care delivery. Citrus Valley Health Partners' CVHP goals are bigger than just to comply with the regulations or simply to qualify for incentives, but rather include transforming their business to the next level in care delivery. They are seeking cooperation from their affiliates to build a community health information exchange that will allow CVHP and the affiliates to share and integrate patient health related information between their medical centers and the private physicians in their community. The integrated system will help community healthcare providers to work as a single operating entity focused and aligned on improving patient care, operational efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Economic and healthcare forces of hospitalist movement

The field of hospital medicine has become a widely accepted model for inpatient care and has grown rapidly in the past ten years. The impetus for growth has largely been pressure to contain costs for inpatient care and improve efficiency in the hospital. Studies have shown that care by hospitalists is generally more cost-effective than care by faculty or private practice physicians without affecting quality. The field faces challenges in continuity of patient care and retention of physicians in the workforce.
GOES-R product and algorithm development

With the launch of GOES-R, the next generation of geostationary environmental monitoring satellites will have gone from the drawing board to on-orbit operations. New products will flow through a processing system that took years to develop and perfect. Around 2012, users will finally get their first taste of the latest remote environmental monitoring products from geostationary orbit. To achieve this capability and make the new environmental monitoring system a success, algorithmic products will have to be developed, tested and then transitioned into an operational environment. This article addresses planned changes in the algorithm development process for GOES-R that will lead to a successful implementation of this new satellite and processing system. Notional concepts will be used to describe potential GOESR algorithm development processes, their benefits and the efficiencies to be gained from those changes. While the concepts described indicate a strategy, the final science into operations concepts will continue to evolve until the contract for building the system is awarded to a commercial vendor.
The value of everyday examples in the teaching of learning: a comment prompted by machado and silva (1998).

Why are so few psychology students and professors interested in the study of learning? Part of the answer lies in the techniques we use for teaching behavioral psychology and communicating its relevance to numerous aspects of life. We add to this journal's discussion of the teaching of learning by explaining the importance of using examples drawn from everyday life: Numerous familiar examples provide powerful pedagogical tools for showing the importance of learning theory and helping students learn behavior principles. This approach does not exclude using other strategies and techniques in our quest to communicate the value of learning theory and teach our behavioral science in meaningful and thought-provoking ways.
The metabolism of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the developing sheep (Ovis aries)

Abstract 1. 1. Erythrocytic concentrations of 2.3-DPG in fetal sheep were correlated with PFK and GAPD activities as well as the PK/PFK. and PGAM/GAPD ratios. No correlation was found between 2.3-DPG and the activities of DPGM. DPGP. HK. PGK, PGAM and PK. 2. 2. During the first 25 days of postnatal life the erythrocytic 2,3-DPG concentration increased to several times the concentration at birth and then decreased to the prenatal level. The DPGM and PGAM activities were correlated with 2.3-DPG during this time. The difference in transmembrane pH could be correlated with 2.3-DPG also. 3. 3. After 25 days of age, erythrocytic 2,3-DPG concentrations correlated with DPGM and DPGP. 4. 4. The postnatal increase in 2,3-DPG may facilitate the delivery of O 2 to the tissues during the stress of postnatal life.
Tissue specificity of genetic regulation of gene expression

Gene expression is under partial genetic regulation, which may vary between different cell types and tissues. A new study finds that there is substantial but incomplete overlap among regulatory variants located near the regulated genes in three human tissues.
Acute and chronic ischemia of the hand: Pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis

Fifty consecutive patients with acute and chronic ischemia of the hand were investigated by Allen testing, Doppler ultrasound, digital plethysmography, and angiography over a 4-year period. The pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for the ischemia was determined to be emboli in 6%, vasospasm in 10%, thrombosis or "sludging" in 28%, occlusive disease in 26%, and occlusive disease associated with either vasospasm or external compression in 30%. Ten patients required emergency medical treatment with intraarterial streptokinase, intravenous heparin, or dextran 40 and continuous stellate ganglion blocks, and three patients required emergency microsurgical revascularization because of radial artery thrombosis. Patients with chronic ischemia of the hand were maintained on nifedipine, 30 to 60 mg daily, and pentoxifylline, 1200 mg daily. Seven patients underwent digital sympathectomy and 14 patients underwent microsurgical revascularization as prophylactic procedures for chronic digital ischemia. Amputations were required in 18 patients because of end-stage gangrene. Long-term follow-up revealed a 20% incidence of recurrent digital ulcerations. There have been six deaths during follow-up, five of them due to myocardial infarction; this reflects the underlying systemic arteriopathy in many of these patients.
Energy-resolved positron annihilation rates for molecules

The development of high resolution positron beams has enabled measurements of annihilation rates for molecules as a function of incident positron energy. Vibrational Feshbach resonances in these spectra provide evidence for the existence of positron-molecule bound states. In this paper we present further studies of this phenomenon. Evidence is presented for positronically excited bound states (i.e., in addition to the ground state) in ${\mathrm{C}}_{12}{\mathrm{H}}_{26}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{14}{\mathrm{H}}_{30}$. Measurements of the annihilation spectra of the halomethanes, $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{F}$, $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{Cl}$, and $\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{Br}$, exhibit strong resonances that vary significantly with the substituted halogen. Annihilation spectra for linear alkanes and ring molecules are compared. Annihilation spectra and infrared absorption spectra are compared for a number of molecules. Finally, annihilation rate measurements are presented for a variety of molecules at energies $\ensuremath{\geqslant}0.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ (i.e., above the vibrational resonances). These provide a measure of the annihilation rates in the absence of vibrational resonances.
Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis: a case report and review of current diagnostic/therapeutic modalities.

Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis is a relatively rare clinical entity with potentially grave sequelae. Pathophysiological mechanisms are currently believed to be multifactorial, involving thoracic compressive forces in conjunction with the activation of the coagulation cascades. Diagnostically, venography remains the gold standard, and the combination of phleborheography and Doppler ultrasound approach a 90% specificity and sensitivity. Numerous therapeutic modalities have been described, and long- term venous patency seems to correlate best with local urokinase and concomitant systemic heparin administration followed by oral anticoagulation and decompressive surgery. A case report is described, and a review of the literature follows. CASE REPORT
Laboratory Observations of Self-Excited Dust Acoustic Shocks

Repeated, self-excited dust acoustic shock waves (DASWs) have been observed in a dc glow discharge dusty plasma using high-speed video imaging. Two major observations are reported: (1) The self-steepening of a nonlinear dust acoustic wave (DAW) into a saw-tooth wave with sharp gradient in dust density, very similar to those found in numerical solutions of the fully nonlinear fluid equations for a nondispersive DAW [B. Eliasson and P. K. Shukla, Phys. Rev. E 69, 067401 (2004)], and (2) the collision and confluence of two DASWs.
The distribution of C14 in the glycogen, dextrin and maltose from the livers of rats administered dl-alanine-2-C14 and cortisone

Abstract Cortisone acetate was injected intramuscularly into rats at the same time that dl -alanine-2-C 14 was fed by stomach tube. Liver glycogen was determined by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and KOH extraction. The TCA-extracted glycogen was digested with β-amylase. The specific activities of the resulting maltose and dextrin as well as of the residual non-TCA-extractable glycogen were determined. Cortisone increased the amount of non-TCA-extractable glycogen, and also the amount of dextrin. The specific activities of these fractions were increased.
Tritium labeling of thermolysin, elastase, and ribonuclease by exposure to tritium gas at low pressure☆

Abstract The bacterial metalloendoprotease thermolysin, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, and porcine pancreatic elastase have been tritiated by exposure to subcurie amounts of tritium gas at pressures below 50 mTorr for periods of 1 to 6 h. Thermolysin, ribonuclease, and elastase have been purified to specific radioactivities of 15, 5, and 1 Ci/mol, respectively. Amino acid analyses of the tritiated enzymes revealed higher relative specific radioactivities for His, Pro, and Phe in all three proteins while Val and Ile were among the residues with the lowest relative specific radioactivities. The recovery of enzyme activity was always greater than 95% and the formation of tritiated decomposition products was not observed. This lowpressure gas exposure process requires less tritium gas and less time than the original method of Wilzbach to achieve equal or higher levels of tritium incorporation. In addition, the enzymes were completely active and did not show the presence of highly radioactive byproducts which have been observed in earlier studies of the Wilzbach labeling of proteins.
Characterization of MRI response to treatment with interferon beta-1b: Contrast-enhancing MRI lesion frequency as a primary outcome measure

MRI is a valuable tool to examine the pathophysiology and natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS), and several large multicenter trials have utilized MRI as a secondary outcome measure. We previously examined the effect of interferon beta-1b on contrast-enhancing lesions on MRI using a baseline versus treatment design, and found that on treatment there is a reduction in mean frequency of enhancing lesions over the group. Using an expanded number of patients and the same trial design, we examined the individual response to treatment more extensively. We find that the effect seen previously is still present, and that there is heterogeneity in the amount of decrease in contrast-enhancing lesions. This expanded number of patients and trial design allows for the discussion of new criteria for individual response to treatment, which are applied in the current trial. These approaches may be useful in the examination, early testing, and comparison of experimental therapeutic agents in MS as well as in the characterization of patients who do or do not have a response seen on MRI.
Material properties of human infant skull and suture at high rates

Clinicians are often faced with the challenging task of distinguishing between accidental and inflicted pediatric head trauma. There is currently a disparity in the anecdotal case study literature as to what kinds of injuries can occur in children from low height falls. There is also a paucity of material property data for pediatric skull and suture at rates similar to those expected in low height falls. We tested human infant (<1 year old) cranial bone and suture from 23 calveria in three-point bending and tension, respectively, at rates ranging from 1.2-2.8 m/sec. Donor age was found to have the largest influence on the elastic modulus and ultimate stress of cranial bone, with an increase in age increasing both material properties. In adults, cranial bone and suture have similar properties and the adult calveria deforms very little prior to fracture. In contrast, pediatric cranial bone is 35 times stiffer than pediatric cranial suture. In addition, pediatric cranial suture deforms 30 times more before failure than pediatric cranial bone and 243 times more than adult cranial bone. The large strains in the pediatric bone and suture result in a skullcase that can undergo dramatic shape changes before fracture, potentially causing substantial deformation in the brain. The sizeable difference between pediatric bone and suture material properties also underscores the crucial role that sutures play in the unique response of the pediatric head to impact in low height falls. These data provide necessary information to enhance our understanding of mechanisms of head injury in young children.
Transverse diffraction of nonlinear waves and singular rays

We derive an asymptotic partial differential equation which describes the diffraction of a weakly nonlinear high frequency wave in a direction transverse to its rays. Special cases of this equation are the Zabolotskaya–Khokhlov equation and the Kadomtsev–Petviashvilli equation. We use the equation to analyze singular rays. We also derive generalized Zabolotskaya–Khokhlov equations for sound waves.
Angelman's (Happy Puppet) Syndrome: Clinical, CT Scan and Serial Electroencephalographic Study:

Of four patients having Angelman's syndrome admitted to a state mental facility who were clinically and electroencephalographically evaluated, 2 patients had CT scan studies of the brain. The most impressive and striking features that help in the diagnosis are the mental and physical retardation, nondevelopment of speech despite adequate visual and auditory function, various types of seizures, and episodic uncontrollable laughter. The CT scans of the brain did not offer any clue as to the pathogenesis. The EEGs appeared to fall into two groups: in one an arrest of electrical maturation occurred between ages 1 and 3 and in the other a slow but progressive maturation was evident.
Calculation of the higher-order correlation functions from a noisy signal.

Expressions are derived for determining higher-order correlation functions of a fluctuating signal partially masked by additive noise when the contribution of noise in the signal is not negligible. A way of computing higher-order correlation functions equivalent to cumulants by subtracting the contributions of all lower-order correlation functions is also described. The relations will be useful for the experimentalists wishing to obtain useful information, especially from noisy signals.
On the choice of Laguerre parameter in nodal order reduction via bilinear conformal transformation

The influence of Laguerre parameter in nodal order reduction via bilinear conformal transformation is explored. The nodal order reduction via bilinear conformal transformation method is used for the electromagnetic simulations in second order form. The use of a second level Krylov subspace process enables the application of the algorithm to a larger problem. The choice of Laguerre parameter and its effect on the convergence of the reduction process is shown. A guideline for choosing this parameter is proposed. The method is applied for the reduction of a band-pass filter structure and a power island structure.