cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Unique Mutations in HTRA1-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in North America and Africa and Literature Review.

Abstract Objective To describe and compare two cases of North American and African patients who were diagnosed with HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with homozygous and heterozygous mutations, respectively, in the linker domain of the HTRA1 gene. Materials and methods Case reports and literature review. Results A 49-year-old man from Mexico presented with recurrent lacunar strokes and memory loss. A 46-year-old woman from Eritrea presented with progressive memory loss. Neither patient had alopecia. MRI of the brain and spine in both patients showed leukoencephalopathy, microbleeds and spondylosis. Microbleeds along the subpial surfaces of the brainstem were only seen in the Mexican man. Genetic sequencing of HTRA1 gene revealed a novel homozygous mutation of p.A173S in the Mexican man supporting cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL). A heterozygous mutation of p.V175M was detected in the African woman, which has not been reported in patients of African ethnicity. In reviewing literature, CARASIL patients with mutation in the linker domain are older at neurological symptom onset and more frequently presented with stroke compared to patients with non-linker domain mutations. In patients of HTRA1-CSVD from heterozygous mutations, male is more common. Conclusions HTRA1-related CSVD may be seen in patients of non-Asian ethnicity without alopecia. These case reports extend the clinical and radiographic spectrum of HTRA1-related CSVD.
Eigenfunction-based solution for one-dimensional solid-liquid phase change heat transfer problems with advection

Abstract Heat transfer problems involving solid-liquid phase change occur in a wide variety of engineering applications. Most phase change heat transfer problems do not admit an exact analytical solution, and therefore, development of approximate analytical methods is of much interest. This work analyzes a one-dimensional phase change heat transfer problem in the presence of advection due to fluid flow. An approximate, eigenfunction-based solution for the temperature distribution and propagation of the phase change front with time is derived, which may be interpreted as a generalization of the classical quasistationary method. It is shown that even a single term of this series offers improved accuracy compared to the classical quasistationary solution. The method is shown to retain good accuracy even at large values of the Stefan number where approximate analytical methods usually lose accuracy. Results are shown to be in good agreement with numerical simulation results. As expected, in the absence of advection, results are shown to reduce to well-known Neumann and Stefan solutions. The impact of various problem parameters, including Stefan and Peclet numbers on the rate of phase change front propagation is investigated. The theoretical treatment presented here can also be used to solve similar mass transfer problems with a chemical reaction front where species advection may play a key role. This work improves the theoretical understanding of phase change heat transfer in the presence of advection, and may find applications in the design and optimization of engineering processes and systems involving phase change.
Experience with a Computer — Activated Trend — Detection Alarm for Mean Arterial and Left Atrial Pressures

In our cardiac surgical intensive care unit (ICU) cardiopulmonary monitoring is accomplished with the aid of a central computer (IBM 1800) which routinely samples several parameters at ten minute intervals. For two of the monitored variables, namely mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left atrial pressure (LAP), we have programmed the computer to activate an alarm sequence.
Fitting a Cm-smooth function to data, III

Suppose we are given a finite subset E ? Rn and a function f : E ? R. How to extend f to a Cm function F : Rn ? R with Cm norm of the smallest possible order of magnitude? In this paper and in [20] we tackle this question from the perspective of theoretical computer science. We exhibit algorithms for constructing such an extension function F, and for computing the order of magnitude of its Cm norm. The running time of our algorithms is never more than CN log N, where N is the cardinality of E and C is a constant depending only on m and n.
Sparse linear representations for recognition

Recently, it has been argued that sparse coding is an important principle for recognition, which has been used effectively to derive filters with desirable properties. However there is no effective algorithm to link the sparse coding principle to the recognition performance. Our experiments show that commonly used sparse bases often give worse recognition performance compared to other linear bases. In this paper, we propose a criterion consisting of weighted combination of recognition performance and sparseness. Using a Monte Carlo simulated annealing algorithm, we obtain linear bases with sparse representation as well as good recognition performance. We also find an interesting relationship among commonly used linear representations by comparing their sparseness and recognition performance.
Solving Urban Challenges in Developing Countries: The Case of Lahore, Pakistan

In all successful modern economies, cities are the engines of growth and melting pots of diversely talented individuals. They offer inclusive environments with openness and access to opportunities, thus becoming the bedrocks of prosperity. On the contrary, many rapidly expanding cities in developing countries are marred poor public service delivery, traffic congestion and perverse spatial urban forms. In particular, unless the transportation infrastructure shortages are overcome through public investment, the well-documented economic benefits of agglomeration will continue to diminish. Notwithstanding the lack of resources available to governments in developing countries, this paper utilizes the case of Lahore, Pakistan to explore practical policy options for financing urban transportation infrastructure. After analyzing the much-hyped options of Public Private Partnerships and Municipal Finance initiatives, the paper concludes the following: First, governments must consider revamping urban land-use (zoning) regulations to create market-based solutions to the infrastructure challenge. Second, it is imperative that the underlying issues of poor governance and rent-seeking be addressed before any reforms can be fully implemented. Moreover, by gaining inspiration from urban economics and infrastructure finance literature, this paper enhances our understanding of policy dimensions of urban management in developing countries.
Local mobility of nucleic acids as determined from crystallographic data. III. A daunomycin-DNA complex.

Abstract The local mobility of the complex between the anti-tumor drug daunomycin and a DNA hexanucleotide duplex of sequence d(CpGpTpApCpG) 2 has been determined by anisotropic refinement of single crystal X-ray diffraction data of 1·2 A resolution (1 A = 0·1 nm).The directions and amplitudes of the local motion indicate that changes in mobility of DNA due to daunomycin binding are primarily limited to the residues forming the intercalation site and do not propagate to the neighboring residues. The intercalated daunomycin ring system (aglycone) is rigidly fixed in the base stack, apparently serving as an anchor for the amino sugar segment of the drug which is one of the most mobile regions of the entire complex. The high flexibility of this amino sugar may be important for inhibition of replication and transcription not only by sterically blocking the minor groove, but also by allowing non-productive interactions to be formed with various polymerases or other DNA-binding proteins. The Crystallographic model is improved sufficiently by the rigid group anisotropic refinement to allow additional bound water molecules to be located.
Do Village Girls Gain Empowering Capabilities through Schooling and What Functionings Do They Value

This paper explores the relationship between girls’ schooling and empowerment in western China in the first decade of the 21st century. This paper adopted a capability-empowerment framework based on Sen’s capability approach into which were integrated concepts by Bourdieu, Appadurai, Nussbaum, Kabeer, and Unterhalter, to help to understand the tenacity with which village girls pursued schooling. In interviews with a group of 23 girls and young women, several valued functionings of intrinsic capability sets in the freedom dimensions of well-being and agency and their association with rising levels of school attainment were found. The girls were found to be gaining empowering capabilities through schooling, but that these were not equally distributed, neatly slicing the group into two sharply defined groups with different life paths. One set dropped out in the middle school years with a smaller set of empowerment capabilities to work in low-skilled jobs in cities, which offered them new places to change. The other set remained in school longer to achieve a larger set of empowering functionings that they converted into more substantive freedoms in a variety of settings.
Ranking Cases with Classification Rules

Many real-world machine learning applications require a ranking of cases, in addition to their classification. While classification rules are not a good representation for ranking, the human comprehensibility aspect of rules makes them an attractive option for many ranking problems where such model transparency is desired. There have been numerous studies on ranking with decision trees, but not many on ranking with decision rules. Although rules are similar to decision trees in many respects, there are important differences between them when used for ranking. In this chapter, we propose a framework for ranking with rules. The framework extends and substantially improves on the reported methods for ranking with decision trees. It introduces three types of rule-based ranking methods: post analysis of rules, hybrid methods, and multiple rule set analysis. We also study the impact of rule learning bias on the ranking performance. While traditional measures used for ranking performance evaluation tend to focus on the entire rank ordered list, the aim of many ranking applications is to optimize the performance on only a small portion of the top ranked cases. Accordingly, we propose a simple method for measuring the performance of a classification or ranking algorithm that focuses on these top ranked cases. Empirical studies have been conducted to evaluate some of the proposed methods.
Student Technology Readiness And Its Impact On Cultural Competency

The creation of an effective learning environment requires cultural competency – the ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures. Cultural competency means knowing and understanding the people that you serve. This study compares American and Chinese student’s readiness and willingness to use innovative technology by assessing their technology readiness through the use of the Technology Readiness Index (Parasuraman, 2000). The findings show that Chinese students exhibit higher levels of discomfort and insecurity, and lower levels of optimism and innovativeness with regard to using new technology. Implications for cross-cultural technology-based learning environments are also provided.
Coca: High Altitude Remedy of the Ancient Incas

The use of coca leaf for medicinal purposes is a centuries-old tradition of the native peoples of South America. Coca products are thought by many laypersons to provide risk-free benefits to users participating in strenuous activities at high altitude. Physiologic studies of coca have increased understanding of its possible mechanism of action as well as its potential impact on high altitude activities. This present work explores the role of coca throughout the history of the Andean peoples and explores whether this ancient remedy has a place in modern medicine. A focused summary of research articles with particular relevance to the field of wilderness medicine is also included to better provide the reader with lessons not only from history but also from another culture.
Alkaline phosphatase activity from human osteosarcoma cell line SaOS-2: an isoenzyme standard for quantifying skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity in serum.

Earlier we described a kinetic assay for quantifying skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme activity in serum. The precision of the assay depends on including ALP standards for the skeletal, hepatic, intestinal, and placental isoenzymes. We wondered whether human osteosarcoma cells could provide an efficient alternative to human bone or Pagetic serum as a source of the skeletal ALP standard. ALP activities prepared from five human osteosarcoma cell lines were compared with a bone-derived ALP standard with respect to heat stability and sensitivity to chemical effectors. Two of the cell lines (SaOS-2 and TE-85) contained ALP activities that resembled the bone-derived standard. We selected SaOS-2 cells for additional evaluation (as a potential source of isoenzyme standard), because they contained 40-50 times more ALP activity than did the TE-85 cells. To include the SaOS-2 cell-derived ALP activity in the quantitative isoenzyme assay, we diluted the enzyme in a solution containing heat-inactivated (i.e., ALP-negative) human serum. Surprisingly, this dilution caused a 60-125% increase in maximum enzyme activity. In the quantitative assay of ALP isoenzyme in serum, the SaOS-2 derived ALP was indistinguishable from the serum skeletal ALP standard, with respect to the above criteria and assay variations. Evidently ALP from SaOS-2 cells is suited as a standard for measuring skeletal ALP activity in this assay.
The decomposition theorem for two-dimensional shifts of finite type

A one-dimensional shift of finite type can be described as the collection of bi-infinite "walks" along an edge graph. The Decomposition Theorem states that every conjugacy between two shifts of finite type can be broken down into a finite sequence of splittings and amalgamations of their edge graphs. When dealing with two-dimensional shifts of finite type, the appropriate edge graph description is not as clear; we turn to Nasu's notion of a "textile system" for such a description and show that all two-dimensional shifts of finite type can be so described. We then define textile splittings and amalgamations and prove that every conjugacy between two-dimensional shifts of finite type can be broken down into a finite sequence of textile splittings, textile amalgamations, and a third operation called an inversion.
A Bayesian Belief Updating Model of Phonetic Recalibration and Selective Adaptation

The mapping from phonetic categories to acoustic cue values is highly flexible, and adapts rapidly in response to exposure. There is currently, however, no theoretical framework which captures the range of this adaptation. We develop a novel approach to modeling phonetic adaptation via a belief-updating model, and demonstrate that this model naturally unifies two adaptation phenomena traditionally considered to be distinct.
An electronic data-acquisition system for use with a complex nuclear physics experiment

Abstract An electronic data-acquisition system is used with a nuclear physics experiment of such complexity that data processing required a high-speed computer. The system acquires data from 168 signal channels of scintillation counters and four channels of chronotron circuits. It has the capacity to store 10 events during the 0.1-sec-long Bevatron beam pulse. The storage time for the information from each event, consisting of 168 bits from the counters plus 12 bits from the chronotrons, is 40μsec. In the interval between beam pulses, the stored information is punched onto paper tape in a form suitable for computer input. This report describes the over-all characteristics and operation of the system. The specific parts of the system and techniques for semi-automatic testing are given in the companion reports.
Sperm increase inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mass in Xenopus laevis eggs preinjected with calcium buffers or heparin

Although it is known that all fertilization events are due to elevated intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), it is not known how sperm induce an increase in zygote [Ca2+]i. We report that sperm can increase inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in Xenopus laevis eggs that have been preinjected with calcium buffers to prevent the increase in [Ca2+]i (both the initial increase and the subsequent wave) after fertilization. After buffering [Ca2+]i to levels well below basal, IP3 production was not blocked, whereas IP3 metabolism may be inhibited. Also, heparin (an inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate action and the fertilization response) does not prevent a normal increase in IP3 after fertilization. Conditions that produce various levels of polyspermy are associated with IP3 increases similar to those noted after monospermic fertilization. These data suggest a specific order of fertilization events: sperm utilize an initial production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to produce the [Ca2+]i increase at fertilization.
Quantitating the occult.

Physicians are faced all too frequently with middle-aged patients who present with vague abdominal problems or rectal bleeding and who on evaluation are found to have colon cancer. A discouraging p...
At the Intersection of Contemporary Descriptions of Science and Issues of Equity and Diversity: Student Teachers' Conceptions, Rationales, and Instructional Practices

(2003). At the Intersection of Contemporary Descriptions of Science and Issues of Equity and Diversity: Student Teachers' Conceptions, Rationales, and Instructional Practices. Journal of Science Teacher Education: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 259-290.
Magnetostriction Versus Magnetization of Hiperco 50 From 20 $^circ$C to 700 $^circ$C

We report simultaneous measurement of magnetostriction and magnetization on strip samples of polycrystalline Hiperco 50 (49Fe 49Ni 2V, wt%) in fields of more than 300 Oe and over the temperature range from room temperature to 700degC. As a physical process, magnetostriction is clearly dependent on the state of magnetization of the sample, not on the applied magnetic field. From room temperature to about 500degC the magnetostrictive strain in Hiperco 50 is a quadratic function of the sample magnetization, and is only weakly dependent on temperature. Above 500degC, the maximum magnetostrictive strain drops fairly abruptly (as previously reported) from about 80 muepsiv to less than 30 muepsiv, and the shape of the strain versus magnetization plots changes shape, so that almost all the strain occurs near saturation magnetization
Cdk9 is an essential kinase in Drosophila that is required for heat shock gene expression, histone methylation and elongation factor recruitment

Phosphorylation of the large RNA Polymerase II subunit C-terminal domain (CTD) is believed to be important in promoter clearance and for recruiting protein factors that function in messenger RNA synthesis and processing. P-TEFb is a protein kinase that targets the (CTD). The goal of this study was to identify chromatin modifications and associations that require P-TEFb activity in vivo. We knocked down the catalytic subunit of P-TEFb, Cdk9, in Drosophila melanogaster using RNA interference. Cdk9 knockdown flies die during metamorphosis. Phosphorylation at serine 2 and serine 5 of the CTD heptad repeat were both dramatically reduced in knockdown larvae. Hsp 70 mRNA induction by heat shock was attenuated in Cdk9 knockdown larvae. Both mono- and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 were dramatically reduced, suggesting a link between CTD phosphorylation and histone methylation in transcribed chromatin in vivo. Levels of the chromo helicase protein CHD1 were reduced in Cdk9 knockdown chromosomes, suggesting that CHD1 is targeted to chromosomes through P-TEFb-dependent histone methylation. Dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 was significantly reduced in knockdown larvae, implicating CTD phosphorylation in the regulation of this chromatin modification. Binding of the RNA Polymerase II elongation factor ELL was reduced in knockdown chromosomes, suggesting that ELL is recruited to active polymerase via CTD phosphorylation.
Health Care Costs of Older Persons With Cognitive Impairments

The 1981-1982 National Long-Term Care Channeling Demonstration Project data revealed that the mean annual cost per capita for home and institutional care for cognitively impaired persons was +18,500. The equivalent figure for cognitively intact persons was +16,650. Cognitively impaired persons used nursing homes at twice the rate of cognitively intact persons. Use differences for other health services were slight. A pre- and post-nursing home admission analysis indicated that for the cognitively impaired the annual cost of community care was +11,700, whereas the cost of nursing home care was +22,300.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble, Nonimmunogenic Polyamide Cross-Linking Agents†

Novel polyamides were developed that can be used as cross-linking agents for proteins such as hemoglobin. Water-soluble, nonimmunogenic polyamides containing oxygen and sulfur atoms in the backbone were prepared by the polycondensation of the diacids bis(carboxymethyloxyacetyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (1a) or 3,3‘-thiodipropionic acid (1b) with diethylene glycol bis(3-aminopropyl) ether (2). The resulting α,ω-diacids were converted to the corresponding activated esters using any of a variety of carboxylic acid activating reagents including the novel reagent diphenyl(1-methylimidazol-2-thiyl)phosphonate (9). The resulting polyamides could be activated with a broad spectrum of groups that allow for the cross-linking and surface modification of proteins.
Improved accuracy and consistency in T1 measurement of flowing blood by using inversion recovery GE-EPI

Problems associated with techniques currently used to measure the T1 of flowing blood are evaluated and a method to improve the consistency and repeatability of measurements is presented. Similar to some currently used techniques, the pulse sequence employs a nonselective adiabatic inversion pulse followed by a series of ECG-gated gradient echo EPI (echo planar imaging) images to obtain images where the blood (fluid) signal exhibits a T1-dependent inversion recovery signal from which the spin lattice relaxation constant (T1) of the flowing fluid can be measured. The new method combines curve fitting with a measure of the curve null point to acquire more accurate and consistent T1 values. Simulation and experimental results show that this combined fitting-nulling method is more stable and consistent in measuring the T1 of flowing fluid. The feasibility of temperature measurement of a flowing fluid based on the temperature dependence of the T1 of water protons is shown in this paper. ECG gating is used to reduce the effects of cyclic intensity changes for measurement of T1 in pulsatile flowing blood.
Naïve rat umbilical cord matrix stem cells significantly attenuate mammary tumor growth through modulation of endogenous immune responses.

Background aims Un-engineered human and rat umbilical cord matrix stem cells (UCMSCs) attenuate growth of several types of tumors in mice and rats. However, the mechanism by which UCMSCs attenuate tumor growth has not been studied rigorously.
Liquid-vapour equilibria in {xCH2Cl2 + (1 − x)C4H9CH:CH2} at 298.17 K

Abstract Vapour pressures over liquid (dicloromethane + 1-n-hexene) were measured by the static method. The excess molar Gibbs free energies and excess molar entropies are computed.
Hybrid Speed Control with Sliding-Mode plus Self-Tuning PI for Induction Motor Drive

This paper presents a new approach toward the design of a hybrid speed control with sliding-mode plus self-tuning PI for induction motors. Sliding-mode control is robust with respect to both induction motor parameter variations and external disturbances. By embedding a self-tuning PI control into the sliding-mode control, the chattering problem, which is the main disadvantage in sliding-mode control, can be suppressed. In addition, the PI parameters are adjusted automatically online. This makes the PI control robust to changes in the induction motor drive.
Coumarin-based inhibitors of HIV integrase.

The structures of a large number of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors have in common two aryl units separated by a central linker. Frequently at least one of these aryl moieties must contain 1,2-dihydroxy substituents in order to exhibit high inhibitory potency. The ability of o-dihydroxy-containing species to undergo in situ oxidation to reactive quinones presents a potential limitation to the utility of such compounds. The recent report of tetrameric 4-hydroxycoumarin-derived inhibitor 5 provided a lead example of an inhibitor which does not contain the catechol moiety. Compound 5 represents a large, highly complex yet symmetrical molecule. It was the purpose of the present study to determine the critical components of 5 and if possible to simplify its structure while maintaining potency. In the present study, dissection of tetrameric 5 (IC50 = 1.5 μM) into its constituent parts showed that the minimum active pharmacophore consisted of a coumarin dimer containing an aryl substituent on the central linker methy...
Vapor shear and pressure gradient effects during filmwise condensation from a flowing vapor onto a sphere

Abstract A well-established extension to Nusselt-Rohsenow theory has been used by many investigators to model laminar filmwise condensation from quiescent pure vapors onto isothermal bodies. However, when there is a vapor velocity, shear at the liquid-vapor interface and pressure gradient effects can be important. Although these effects have been studied for some geometries (flat plates and circular cylinders), they have not been studied for the general axisymmetric case. The purpose of this work is to summarize an earlier analysis of condensation from flowing vapors onto axisymmetric bodies and report new experimental results. The experiment employed flowing trichlorotrifluorethane (CFC 113) vapor, which condensed onto a copper sphere. The apparatus, procedures, and data interpretation are discussed, and heat transfer results are compared to a correlation derived from the analytical approach. After correcting for the use of the asymptotic shear approximation, the theory underpredicts the experimental results by about 15%. However, these results do confirm the general utility of the approach and are the first reported for this geometry. It is conjectured that surface waves and boundary layer separation may be responsible for the underprediction. A correlation for practical use is proposed for condensation from a flowing vapor onto a sphere.
Reciprocity within biochemistry and biology service-learning.

Service-learning has become a popular pedagogy because of its numerous and far-reaching benefits (e.g. student interest, engagement, and retention). In part, the benefits are a result of the student learning while providing a service that reflects a true need—not simply an exercise. Although service-learning projects have been developed in the areas of Biochemistry and Biology, many do not require reciprocity between the student and those being served. A reciprocal relationship enables a depth in learning as students synthesize and integrate their knowledge while confronting a real-life need. A novel reciprocal service-learning project within a three-semester undergraduate research course in the areas of Biochemistry and Biology is presented. The goal of the project was agreed upon through joint meetings with the partner institution (The Wilds) to develop an in-house competitive ELISA pregnane diol assay. Student progress and achievements were followed through the use of rubrics and progress-meetings with The Wilds. A portfolio provided a visual of progress as it contained both the written assignments as well as the rubric. The article describes a specific reciprocal biochemistry and biology service-learning project and provides recommendations on how to adapt this service-learning design for use in other research courses.
Validation of satellite solar occultation measurements 1975-1988

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) is discussed. SAGE II was launched from the Space Shuttle in October, 1984 as part of the Earth Radiation Budget satellite and uses the solar occultation technique to measure the extinction of solar radiation caused by the earth's atmosphere. The solar radiance data are compared with data from ground-based systems, airborne missions, balloonborne in situ measurements, ancillary measurements, and other satellite systems. The SAGE II instrument, data processing methods, and correlative measurements program are examined.
LABELLED TYROSINASE FROM LABELLED SUBSTRATE.

IT is well known that tyrosinase becomes inactivated when it oxidizes phenol or pyrocatechol but is much more stable towards substituted phenols and catechols, such as 4-5-dimethyl catechol1. We wish to report evidence which seems to support the view that this inactivation is due to the formation of a compound between the enzyme protein and the product of oxidation.
Mesoscale cellular convection over the oceans

Abstract A review of the understanding and progress in the study of mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) in cloud-topped marine boundary layers is provided. A comparison is made between MCC and the classical study of Benard-Rayleigh convection, with noted similarities and differences. External physical forcing mechanisms in the atmosphere are identified and discussed, in view of their effect on convection development and structure. Onset, horizontal planform, circulation direction, aspect radio and scaling phenomena are explained in terms of atmospheric processes. The global climatology of MCC is also updated and briefly discussed in terms of GCM model development.
First principles determination of magnetostriction in bulk transition metals and thin films

Abstract The magnetostriction coefficients ( λ 001 ) of bulk magnetic transition metals (BCC Fe, FCC Co and Ni) and overlayers (Co/Cu(0 0 1) and Co/Pd(0 0 1)) are directly calculated from first principles using the local density full potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The essential ingredient that permits this determination is our finding that the magneto-crystalline anisotropy is a linear function of the lattice strain when computed with the new precise state tracking and torque approaches. The calculated bulk λ 001 values agree well with experiment, which appears to validate the present approach for determining the tiny magnetostriction in transition metal systems. Interestingly, the calculated λ 001 at the Co/Cu(0 0 1) and Co/Pd(0 0 1) interfaces differ in sign and magnitude (− 5.7 × 10 −5 and + 2.3 × 10 −4 , respectively) with the different hybridization between the Co-d xz.yz and the underlying substrate d states playing the key role.
Examining racial discrimination with fair housing audits

Fair housing audits, an innovative quasi-experimental technique, have made it possible to study the incidence and intensity of housing discrimination faced by minority families. Results from the application of this technique indicate that groups such as black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans face substantial discrimination in terms of the number, types, and location of housing units they are shown by realtors.
Study of localization using quantum-mechanical tunneling time and modeling of shot noise

Tunneling time is used to study localization in a quasi-1D system in the presence of random elastic scattering. Schrodinger and Poisson's equation are solved self-consistently to calculate the developed space charge. The self-consistently calculated tunneling time is used to calculate shot noise in such structures.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
cDNA clones coding for the β-subunit of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase have differently sized 3'-non-coding regions

Three different size classes of cDNA clones coding for the β1-rsubunit of human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were characterized from a human liver cDNA library. Clones were identified by hybridization with synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides. A total of 2530 nucleotides were determined, covering an ADH-coding region of 1122 nucleotides, a preceding 72-nucleotide segment and 3 types of 3'-non-coding region. The coding nucleotide sequence is in full agreement with the amino acid sequence of the β1subunit. Of 8 clones identified, 6 had a short, 213-nucleotide 3'-non-coding region; 1 an intermediate, 590-nucleotide 3'-region; and 1 a long, 1330-nucleotide 3'-region. In addition, 2 unused polyadenylation signals were found. These results suggest that human liver β-ADH mRNAs occur in several size classes, and that in addition to the consensus sequence AATAAA further signals are important for 3'-end formation.
Intact and impaired cognitive-control processes in schizophrenia

Deficits of cognitive-control in schizophrenia have been assumed to result from a single impairment that leads to widespread consequences. Contrary to this view, we hypothesized that different control processes operate at different stages of processing, and that only some of these processes may be impaired. We employed two selection tasks to test the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia have deficits in selecting information in working memory (WM), but not in selecting perceptual information. In the "Ignore" task, which fosters perceptual selection, participants saw a cue to remember either red or blue words, followed by a memory-set (2 red, 2 blue), a brief delay, and then a probe. The "Suppress" task was similar, except the memory-set came before the instruction-cue, and hence selection had to occur in WM. We recorded reaction time and percentage errors for positive probes ("Valid"), and two kinds of negative probes, those that were supposed to have been dropped from WM ("Lures") and those that had not appeared in the memory-set ("Controls"). Compared to healthy controls, patients were impaired in the Suppress but not the Ignore task. This dissociation implies that there are two different selection mechanisms.
Business‐to‐business negotiating in China: the role of morality

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Chinese executives' preferred ethical ideologies and Machiavellianism on their perceived appropriateness of negotiation tactics as they operate in a nation transitioning from a planned economy to a market economy.Design/methodology/approach – A self‐administered survey of a sample 300 Chinese managers with budgetary and personnel responsibilities in Tianjin, China was obtained for the purpose of the present study. A series of regression analyses were conducted to test the proposed relations.Findings – Results from the regression analyses provided partial confirmations for the proposed relationships. Idealism influenced perceptions of false promises, traditional competitive bargaining, and attacking an opponents' network. Perceptions of traditional competitive bargaining, attacking an opponent's network, and inappropriate information gathering were significantly influenced by relativism. Machiavellianism influenced perceptions of traditional ...
Survival disadvantage among Medicaid-insured breast cancer patients treated with breast conserving surgery without radiation therapy

Background Clinical studies indicate that breast cancer patients treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) without radiotherapy (RT) have a greater risk of recurrence and mortality compared to those receiving BCS plus RT. However, this relationship has been underdeveloped among low-income women in the community who may face barriers in accessing adjuvant treatment and post-treatment surveillance. It is possible that the prognostic significance of omission of RT in clinical trials underestimates the significance of risk in the community.
Influence of Early-Season Nitrogen and Weed Management on Irrigated and Nonirrigated Glyphosate-Resistant and Susceptible Soybean

Field studies were conducted on Sharkey day soil (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert) at Stoneville, MS (33°26' N lat) The objectives were to determine the effect of application of 0 and 35 kg N ha -1 applied early in the growing season to glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-GR soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars using two weed management systems in irrigated and nonirrigated environments. Weed management Systems were (i) pre-emergent followed by postemergent weed management using nonglyphosate herbicides applied to both GR and non-GR cultivars (PRE + POST) and (ii) postemergent weed management using glyphosate on GR cultivars and nonglyphosate herbicides on non-GR cultivars (POST). Applied N had no effect on weed management in or yield from soybean and lowered average net returns by $28 to $50 ha -1 . Average seed yields from the highest-yielding GR cultivar in 1999 and 2000 were 135 and 270 kg ha -1 more than 1999 and 2000 yields from a non-GR cultivar in the nonirrigated environment (all net returns were negative and yields <1500 kg ha -1 ). In the irrigated environment, use of a non-GR cultivar compared with a GR cultivar resulted in a significant 200 and 250 kg ha -1 greater yield and greater profits in 2 of 3 yr. Use of PRE + POST compared with POST-only was not necessary for achieving greatest yield or net return with either non-GR or GR cultivars. Use of postemergent glyphosate always resulted in the cheapest weed control ($43 to $81 ha -1 ), even with the greater cost for seed of GR cultivars included. There was no measured effect of glyphosate compared with nonglyphosate herbicides on GR cultivar yield.
The Complete Sequences of the Galago and Rabbit β-Globin Locus Control Regions: Extended Sequence and Functional Conservation Outside the Cores of DNase Hypersensitive Sites

Abstract The locus control region (LCR) of mammalian β-globin genes covers at least 17 kb at the 5′ end of the gene cluster and has been implicated in chromatin domain opening, enhancement, and insulation from neighboring sequences. Functional dissection of the LCR has defined the minimal cores for four of the five major DNase hypersensitive sites (HSs) that mark this regulatory region. To examine fully the patterns of conserved sequences in the mammalian homologs to the β-globin LCR, we determined the complete DNA sequence of the galago β-globin LCR and completed previously unsequenced regions of the rabbit LCR. Simultaneous alignment of these sequences with the human, goat, and mouse LCRs revealed conserved sequences (phylogenetic footprints) detected using three largely independent methods. The most highly conserved segments are found both within the HS cores and in some but not all regions flanking the cores. These results argue for an extended pattern of well-conserved sequences, many of which lie outside the minimal cores, and we show that a key sequence required for domain opening by the region including HS3 maps about 1 kb 5′ to the minimal core. Differential phylogenetic footprints, containing sequences conserved in nonhuman mammals but not in humans, are found primarily around HS3, consistent with some species-specific differences in function that may be important for differences in hemoglobin switching during development.
Alcohol references on undergraduate males' Facebook profiles.

Perceived peer alcohol use is a predictor of consumption in college males; frequent references to alcohol on Facebook may encourage alcohol consumption. Content analysis of college males’ Facebook profiles identified references to alcohol. The average age of 225 identified profiles was 19.9 years. Alcohol references were present on 85.3% of the profiles; the prevalence of alcohol was similar across each undergraduate grade. The average number of alcohol references per profile was 8.5 but increased with undergraduate year (p = .003; confidence interval = 1.5, 7.5). Students who were of legal drinking age referenced alcohol 4.5 times more than underage students, and an increase in number of Facebook friends was associated with an increase in displayed alcohol references (p < .001; confidence interval = 0.009, 0.02). Facebook is widely used in the college population; widespread alcohol displays on Facebook may influence social norms and cause increases in male college students’ alcohol use.
Carcinoma in situ of the glottic larynx: the role of radiotherapy.

Abstract Purpose: To examine the University of Florida experience with radiotherapy of carcinoma in situ of the true vocal cord and compare our results with those reported in other series using various treatment modalities. Methods and Materials: Nineteen patients with carcinoma in situ of the true vocal cord were treated with curative intent with radiation therapy at the University of Florida between October 1964 and September 1990. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Before the radiotherapy, four patients had undergone a biopsy only, 11 patients had undergone one stripping procedure, and four patients had undergone 2 to 5 strippings. Radiation doses were between 5625 cGy and 6300 cGy (median, 5625 cGy). Results: The 5-year rates of local control, ultimate local control, and local control with voice preservation were 93%, 100%, and 93%, respectively. A literature review revealed that local control rates after primary treatment with radiotherapy, laser resection, and vocal cord stripping were 84%, 68%, and 66%, respectively. Conclusion: Primary treatment with radiotherapy should be strongly considered for patients with carcinoma in situ of the true vocal cord who have a recurrence after vocal cord stripping or who cannot have close follow-up after treatment.
Unusual reactivity of a quasi-aromatic Ni(II),2N,3C heterocycle

Abstract [Ni(PnAO)-6H]o, a Ni,2N,3C-pseudoaromatic heterocycle is shown to be highly reactive at the central carbon atom toward most aldehydes and ketones, giving with CH2O, for example, a dimer having the formula [Ni(PnAO)-7H]2-CH2 whose X-ray crystal structure as well as 13C and 1H NMR spectra are presented.
Will Cheap Russian Gas Save Ukraine

Although Russia's agreements with Ukraine on lower gas prices may sound promising, they cannot solve Ukraine's economic predicament in the long term.
Adolescent girls' communication with partners about microbicide use.

Background: Topical microbicides could be a female-controlled method of preventing sexually transmissible infections. Despite the possibility of surreptitious use, most women report that they would tell partners, and microbicides may be detectable. The purpose of the present study was to examine communication between adolescent girls and their partners regarding microbicides. Methods: Girls (aged 14–21 years) participated in a 6-month study in which they were given vaginal moisturisers to use when they had intercourse. Data was collected about their demographics, sexual histories and conversations with mothers and partners. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Results: Girls (n = 171) were asked about conversations with their partners. Talking with mothers and using the product were significantly related to talking with partners. Reasons for not talking were intrapersonal or interpersonal variables, the context of the relationship did not warrant an explanation and the lack of a decision to communicate. There seemed to be no difference in conversations for those who used or did not use. Girls had conversations with their partners when deciding to be in the study, when they were engaged in study activities or when deciding to use the product. Conversations about using the product focused on needing to use the product because of study demands, the lubricating properties or wanting to experience product use. Conclusions: Most of the girls talked to their partners and had positive conversations. Girls may need help initiating conversations and managing reluctant partners.
Maximum dissipation resulting from lift in a slow viscous shear flow.

Lift tensor for three dimensional body in linear shear flow at low Reynolds numbers, discussing orientation stability
Empowerment Through Welfare-Rights Organizing: A Feminist Perspective:

This article describes a community-based welfare reform-welfare rights organizing coalition that is based on a feminist empowerment model of practice. The experiences of women who have participated...
Control of plasmon emission and dynamics at the transition from classical to quantum coupling.

With nanosecond radiative lifetimes, quenching dominates over enhancement for conventional fluorescence emitters near metal interfaces. We explore the fundamentally distinct behavior of photoluminescence (PL) with few-femtosecond radiative lifetimes of a coupled plasmonic emitter. Controlling the emitter–surface distance with subnanometer precision by combining atomic force and scanning tunneling distance control, we explore the unique behavior of plasmon dynamics at the transition from long-range classical resonant energy transfer to quantum coupling. Because of the ultrafast radiative plasmon emission, classical quenching is completely suppressed. Field-enhanced behavior dominates until the onset of quantum coupling dramatically reduces emission intensity and field enhancement, as verified in concomitant tip-enhanced Raman measurements. The entire distance behavior from tens of nanometers to subnanometers can be described using a phenomenological rate equation model and highlights the new degrees of fre...
Enzyme-catalysed polymer modification: reaction of phenolic compounds with chitosan films

One method of synthesizing new materials is to react functional pendant groups on an existing polymer. Here, an enzymatic strategy was investigated as a method of producing new polymers from chitosan. The enzyme used was tyrosinase which is known to oxidize a range of phenolic reactants, yielding reactive o-quinones. The products of this enzymatic oxidation appear to react with, and alter the chemical properties of chitosan. Specifically, it was observed that when thin chitosan films were treated with both tyrosinase and a phenolic reactant, the u.v.-visible spectra and the acid-base properties were markedly altered compared with films that were untreated.
Activation of glutathione reductase by flavine adenine dinucleotide in human adult and cord red cells.

Nachweis, dass foetales Blut mehr Erythrocyten-Glutathionreduktase enthalt als Erwachsenenblut und auch der prozentuale Anteil der aktiven Enzymform etwas grosser ist. Diese Befunde sind ein erster Hinweis auf das Vorkommen eines besonderen foetalen Isoenzyms.
A Program and Cost Analysis of a Self‐Directed Career Decision‐Making Program in a University Career Center

This article describes a procedure for analyzing personnel salary costs of a self-directed career decision-making program using actual client data. These data are then compared to hypothetical data for a comparable individual career counseling program. Policy and management issues related to self-directed and individual career counseling service delivery program models are discussed.
Ribosomal RNA synthesis in WI-38 cells stimulated to proliferate.

Abstract When confluent monolayers of WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate by a change of medium containing 10% fresh serum, synthesis of DNA begins to increase between 12 and 15 hr after the nutritional change. The uptake of 3 H-uridine and its incorporation into total cellular RNA begin to increase at 1 hr and reach a maximum between 8 and 12 hr after stimulation. The synthesis of ribosomal RNA increases within 2 hr and peaks at 8 hr after stimulation. Only those nutritional changes that cause stimulation of cell proliferation also cause an increased synthesis of ribosomal RNA at 8 hr after stimulation. Low concentrations of actinomycin D (0.08 μg/ml) effectively inhibit both ribosomal RNA synthesis and the entrance of cells into the S phase.