cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperinsulinemia promotes metastasis to the lung in a mouse model of Her2-mediated breast cancer

The Her2 oncogene is expressed in ∼25% of human breast cancers and is associated with metastatic progression and poor outcome. Epidemiological studies report that breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in women with type 2 diabetes. Here, we use a mouse model of Her2-mediated breast cancer on a background of hyperinsulinemia to determine how elevated circulating insulin levels affect Her2-mediated primary tumor growth and lung metastasis. Hyperinsulinemic (MKR(+/+)) mice were crossed with doxycycline-inducible Neu-NT (MTB/TAN) mice to produce the MTB/TAN/MKR(+/+) mouse model. Both MTB/TAN and MTB/TAN/MKR(+/+) mice were administered doxycycline in drinking water to induce Neu-NT mammary tumor formation. In tumor tissues removed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of Neu-NT overexpression, we observed increased tumor mass and higher phosphorylation of the insulin receptor/IGF1 receptor, suggesting that activation of these receptors in conditions of hyperinsulinemia could contribute to the increased growth of mammary tumors. After 12 weeks on doxycycline, although no further increase in tumor weight was observed in MTB/TAN/MKR(+/+) compared with MTB/TAN mice, the number of lung metastases was significantly higher in MTB/TAN/MKR(+/+) mice compared with controls (MTB/TAN/MKR(+/+) 16.41±4.18 vs MTB/TAN 5.36±2.72). In tumors at the 6-week time point, we observed an increase in vimentin, a cytoskeletal protein and marker of mesenchymal cells, associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer-associated fibroblasts. We conclude that hyperinsulinemia in MTB/TAN/MKR(+/+) mice resulted in larger primary tumors, with more mesenchymal cells and therefore more aggressive tumors with more numerous pulmonary metastases.
Effects of Fertilization, Leguminous Trees, and Supplementation on Performance of Meat Goat Does and Their Kids Grazing Grass-Forb Pastures

ABSTRACT Thirty-nine Spanish does and their twin kids, approximately 4 wk old initially, were used in a 112-d experiment. Twelve grass-forb 0.4-ha pastures were subdivided into 4 paddocks and rotationally grazed for 2-wk periods in two 8-wk phases. Treatments were control, fertilization, mimosa, and supplementation, with 3 pastures per treatment. Three does with 6 kids grazed each of the control, supplementation, and mimosa pastures, and 4 does with 8 kids grazed fertilization pastures. Fertilization pastures received an application of N, P, and K 3 wk before the experiment, and supplementation animals received ad libitum access to a commercially available block containing 20% CP, with DM consumption averaging 116 g/d on a per doe basis. Mimosa leaf DM available at the beginning of each 2-wk period averaged 174 and 139 kg/ha in phase 1 and 2, respectively, although consumption was complete within the first few days of grazing periods. Fertilization increased prevalence of Bermudagrass at the beginning of grazing periods (23.2, 43.6, 20.3, and 28.2% before grazing and 63.5, 58.9, 42.9, and 55.7% after the experiment for control, fertilization, mimosa, and supplementation, respectively; SE =5.70). Forage DM mass (excluding mimosa leaf DM) was similar among treatments (1,491, 1,554, 1,386, and 1,430 kg/ha; SE = 69.0); the concentration of CP in hand-plucked forage samples was 12.9, 14.7, 14.3, and 13.1% for control, fertilization, mimosa, and supplementation, respectively (SE = 1.12). Doe ADG was similar among treatments (−55, −56, −29, and −59 g/d; SE = 10.9), and kid ADG was greater (P
Optimal encoding capacity of a linear optical quantum channel

Here, we study the classical information capacity of a quantum channel, assuming linear optical encoding, as a function of available photons and optical modes. We present a formula for general channel capacity and show that this capacity is achieved without requiring the use of entangling operations typically required for scalable universal quantum computation, e.g., Knill-Laflamme-Milburn measurement-assisted transformations. As an example, we provide an explicit encoding scheme using the resources required of standard dense coding using two dual-rail qubits (two photons in four modes). In this case, our protocol encodes one additional bit of information. Greater gains are expected for larger systems.
An azine-linked hexaphenylbenzene based covalent organic framework

In this communication, we report an azine linked covalent organic framework based on a six-fold symmetric hexphenylbenzene (HEX) monomer functionalized with aldehyde groups. HEX-COF 1 has an average pore size of 1 nm, a surface area in excess of 1200 m2 g−1 and shows excellent sorption capability for carbon dioxide (20 wt%) and methane (2.3 wt%) at 273 K and 1 atm.
Application of the AC/TC Bacterial Ratio for Watershed Quality Management of Stormwater Introduced Pathogens

A new bacterial ratio has been developed and proven by multiple case studies to provide information on both potential source and fecal age. This ratio utilizes the conventional total coliform test, comparing the relative concentrations of different colonies that form on a membrane filter fed by m-Endo media. These bacterial colonies can be classified into 3 types; typical (TC), atypical (AC), and background. The ratio obtained by dividing the AC by the TC concentrations (AC/TC) defines shifts in populations between indigenous and introduced bacteria, with the indigenous bacteria providing a baseline against which the concentrations of the introduced, fecally-associated bacteria are evaluated. Different values of the AC/TC ratio can be ascribed different relative pathogen risk levels. When the AC/TC ratio is low ( 20) and can be related to healthier water quality conditions with respects to pathogens that die-off in the environment. Different types of fecally impacted runoff are reported to have statistically different AC/TC values with human sewage at the lowest end of the spectrum with a value of 1.5 under normal conditions. Applications of the ratio for detecting hot-spots of human sewage in a watershed and as a control standard for watershed quality are presented, along with a modeling approach that can reliably predict human enteric virus in stormwater impacted surface water using the AC/TC ratio.
Availability of women-centered drug treatment services: An analysis of NSSATS 2002–2010

Aims: The importance of gender in drug treatment has been well described in research and it is now generally accepted that womenwho receive gender specific treatment services have better outcomes than those who do not. However little is known about how this has translated into treatment service development. This study will use the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (NSSATS) to investigate the availability ofwomencentered treatment options throughout the US over time. Methods: NSSATS 2002–2010 an annual survey of treatment facilities receiving federal fundingwas used. Facilities with specific programs for womenwere contrastedwith those that without. The availability of additional services of benefit to women and families (suchaschild care, trauma-relatedcounselingandspecialprograms for pregnant/postpartumwomen)were investigated. Serviceswere compared over time and by geographic variation using STATA v 11. Results: Over 13,000 participated in the survey each year with a slight decline over time of the proportion reporting specific programs forwomen (38% in 2002 vs 32% in 2010, p<0.001). Therewas a slight increase in facilities providing transportation (3538%) and domestic violence counseling (33–36%), minimal change in child care (9–8%) and a decline in pregnant/postpartum services. Facilities that reported specific programs for women were more likely to also report trauma-related counseling, child care, housing assistance and domestic violence counseling (p<0.001 for all). There was a decline in women centered services across a geographic gradient from 41% in urban areas to 20% in small non-urban adjacent regions (p<0.001). Conclusions: There has been minimal change in women centered services in drug treatment facilities over time. Marked geographic disparities exist for all components of women centered care. Financial support: None.
EVOLUTIONARY LOSS OF LARVAL FEEDING: DEVELOPMENT, FORM AND FUNCTION IN A FACULTATIVELY FEEDING LARVA, BRISASTER LATIFRONS

Species with large eggs and nonfeeding larvae have evolved many times from ancestors with smaller eggs and feeding larvae in numerous groups of aquatic invertebrates and amphibians. This change in reproductive allocation and larval form is often accompanied by dramatic changes in development. Little is known of this transformation because the intermediate form (a facultatively feeding larva) is rare. Knowledge of facultatively feeding larvae may help explain the conditions under which nonfeeding larvae evolve. Two hypotheses concerning the evolutionary loss of larval feeding are as follows: (1) large eggs evolve before modifications in larval development, and (2) the intermediate form (facultatively feeding larva) is evolutionarily short-lived. I show that larvae of a heart urchin, Brisaster latifrons, are capable of feeding but do not require food to complete larval development. Food for larvae appears to have little effect on larval growth and development. The development, form, and suspension feeding mechanism of these larvae are similar to those of obligate-feeding larvae of other echinoids. Feeding rates of Brisaster larvae are similar to cooccurring, obligate-feeding echinoid larvae but are low relative to the large size of Brisaster larvae. The comparison shows that in Brisaster large egg size, independence from larval food, and relatively low feeding rate have evolved before the heterochronies and modified developmental mechanisms common in nonfeeding echinoid larvae. If it is general, the result suggests that hypotheses concerning the origin of nonfeeding larval development should be based on ecological factors that affect natural selection for large eggs, rather than on the evolution of heterochronies and developmental novelties in particular clades. I also discuss alternative hypotheses concerning the evolutionary persistence of facultative larval feeding as a reproductive strategy. These hypotheses could be tested against a phylogenetic hypothesis.
Association between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension

Background Gestational weight gain above or below the 2009 National Academy of Medicine guidelines has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although it has been well established that excess gestational weight gain is associated with the development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, the relationship between gestational weight gain and adverse perinatal outcomes among women with pregestational (chronic) hypertension is less clear. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between gestational weight gain above and below National Academy of Medicine guidelines and perinatal outcomes in a large, population-based cohort of women with chronic hypertension. Study Design This is a population-based retrospective cohort study of women with chronic hypertension who had term, singleton, vertex births in the United States from 2012 through 2014. Prepregnancy body mass index was calculated using self-reported prepregnancy weight and height. Women were categorized into 4 groups based on gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body mass index: (1) weight gain less than, (2) weight gain within, (3) weight gain 1-19 lb in excess of, and (4) weight gain ≥20 lb in excess of the National Academy of Medicine guidelines. The χ 2 tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used for statistical comparisons. Stratified analyses by body mass index category were additionally performed. Results In this large birth cohort, 101,259 women met criteria for inclusion. Compared to hypertensive women who had gestational weight gain within guidelines, hypertensive women with weight gain ≥20 lb over National Academy of Medicine guidelines were more likely to have eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.54–2.42) and cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.50–1.70). Excess weight gain ≥20 lb over National Academy of Medicine guidelines was also associated with increased odds of 5-minute Apgar Conclusion Women with chronic hypertension who gain less weight than National Academy of Medicine guidelines experience increased odds of small-for-gestational-age neonates, whereas excess weight gain ≥20 lb over National Academy of Medicine guidelines is associated with cesarean delivery, eclampsia, 5-minute Apgar
The Moral(izing) of the Story: Marketing’s Influence on Moral Life

Scholars across a variety of disciplines—from communication, media, cultural studies, to marketing and consumer culture—have conceptualized mass media as “teaching machines to commodify and homogen...
Cysteine-mediated mechanism disrupts energy transfer to prevent photooxidation

Unlike higher plants, which are often awash in sunlight, green sulfur bacteria survive in some of the darkest and most inhospitable environments for photosynthetic organisms. From the bottom of the Black Sea to the underside of thick microbial mats growing atop hot springs, these anaerobic archaea subsist on the rare photons that penetrate into their dark environments. For this reason, it is surprising that they would evolve a photoprotective mechanism. Indeed, until the work by Orf et al. (1), no photoprotection mechanisms have been well established in green sulfur bacteria; photoprotection was primarily the domain of higher plants and photosynthetic organisms that had the luxury (curse?) to exist in light so bright that it could damage their photosynthetic apparatus. Although green sulfur bacteria need not face bright sunlight, they still combat photo-induced oxidative damage when the redox potential of their environment rises. Orf et al. (1) demonstrate that an operative photoprotection mechanism exists in green sulfur bacteria and that this mechanism is activated by oxidation of two cysteine residues. This new photoprotection mechanism identified by Orf et al. (1) differs from more familiar motifs; the new mechanism employs amino acid residues instead of isomerization of dedicated photoprotective chromophores, such as carotenoids. It also seems to protect against damage from a single excitation (rather than multiple excitations). That is, the mechanism depends on redox potential, not light intensity. In contrast, photoprotective mechanisms are normally used by plants, algae, and bacteria to withstand conditions of excess sunlight (2). Typical strategies include nonradiative relaxation, adjustments of the proton gradient in the system to control the rate of redox reactivity, and physical detachment of the involved photosynthetic machinery (2⇓–4). These approaches limit the risk of multiple simultaneous excitations inducing triplet formation and leading to generation of reactive oxygen species. In this … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: gsengel{at}uchicago.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Spliced Leader Trans-Splicing in Cryptomonads

Spliced leader trans-splicing (SLTS) is a poorly understood mechanism that is found in a diversity of eukaryotic lineages. In SLTS, a short RNA sequence is added near the 5' ends of the transcripts of protein-coding genes by a modified spliceosomal reaction. Available data suggest that SLTS has evolved many times, and might be more likely to evolve in animals. That SLTS might be more likely to evolve in the context of the generally complex transcriptomes characteristic of animals suggests the possibility that SLTS functions in gene regulation or transcriptome diversification, however no general novel function for SLTS is known. Here, I report SLTS in a lineage of cellularly complex unicellular eukaryotes. Cryptomonads are a group of eukaryotic algae that acquired photosynthetic capacity by secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga, and that retain a reduced copy of the nucleus of the engulfed alga. I estimate that at least one-fifth of genes in the model cryptomonad Guillardia theta and its relative Hanusia phi undergo SLTS. I show that hundreds of genes in G. theta generate alternative transcripts by SLTS at alternative sites, however I find little evidence for alternative protein production by alternative SLTS splicing. Interestingly, I find no evidence for substantial operon structure in the G. theta genome, in contrast to previous findings in other lineages with SLTS. These results extend SLTS to another major group of eukaryotes, and heighten the mystery of the evolution of SLTS and its association with cellular and transcriptomic complexity.
Presidents, Baseball, and Wins above Expectations: What Can Sabermetrics Tell Us about Presidential Success?: Why Ronald Reagan is like Bobby Cox and Lyndon Johnson is like Joe Torre

Presidential scholars and baseball writers debate who were the greatest. While baseball analysis evolved from qualitative impressions of “experts” to rigorous, data-driven “sabermetrics,” analysis of presidential greatness continues to rely on “old-school” reputational rankings based on surveys of scholars’ qualitative assessments. Presidential-congressional relations and baseball are all about winning, but what fans (of sports and politics) find most intriguing is Wins Above Expectations (WAE)—did the team do better or worse than expected? This paper adapts the Pythagorean Expectations (PE) formula developed to analyze baseball to assess legislative success of presidents from Eisenhower to Obama. A parsimonious regression model and the PE formula predict annual success rates with 90% accuracy. The estimates of WAE from the two approaches, however, are uncorrelated. Regression analysis does not identify any president who systematically exceeded expectations, but sabermetric analysis indicates that Republican presidents outperform Democrats. Neither approach correlates with recent presidential greatness rankings.
Proton radiotherapy for prostate cancer in the Medicare population: Patterns of care and comparison of early toxicity with IMRT.

4651 Background: Proton radiotherapy (PRT) is a costly treatment used for prostate cancer despite little evidence supporting its use. We examined patterns of PRT use in the Medicare program and ass...
The Role of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Pulmonary Embolism

Abstract Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality, with an estimated 600,000 cases of clinically significant PE in the United States annually, and roughly 200,000 deaths per annum directly attributable to PE. By far the most frequent cause of PE is deep vein thrombosis originating in the lower extremities, which travels to the pulmonary vasculature. The mainstay of treatment is anticoagulation, but multiple additional treatments exist for patients in whom anticoagulation is inadequate or contraindicated. The absolute indications for inferior vena cava (IVC) filtration are narrow, but many filters are placed in patients with relative indications. There is growing concern for overuse of IVC filters, with a relatively low rate of retrieval. It is essential for interventional radiologists to understand the appropriate and correct use and retrieval of IVC filters. Familiarity with placement techniques, protocols and techniques for retrieval, current and emerging technologies, and the clinical model for management of venous thromboembolism, will ensure that interventional radiologists remain an integral member of the care team for these often complex patients.
Impact of Three Types of Biochar on the Hydrological Properties of Eroded and Depositional Landscape Positions

The addition of biochar to improve soil hydrological properties has been evaluated by many researchers. However, most studies have been conducted in controlled laboratories or greenhouses. This study was conducted in the field with the objective of evaluating the impact of biochar on the hydrological properties of soils at eroded and depositional landscape positions. Three plant-based biochar materials, produced from C-optimized gasification of corn stover (Zea mays L.) (CS), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson and C. Lawson) wood residue (PW), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) (SG); dairy manure (DM); and a mixture of manure and pinewood biochar (DMP), were applied at a rate of 10 Mg ha⁻¹. The data indicated that the biochar and manure treatments significantly impacted the soil hydrological properties at both landscape positions. Soil moisture content (kg kg⁻¹) at field capacity was 4, 16, 8, 12, and 24% higher with CS, PW, SG, DM, and DMP, respectively, than the control treatment after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] harvest in 2014. Biochar with manure showed a relatively larger improvement in soil hydrological properties than the other treatments. The effects of biochar varied for different years and soil types because of differences in the feedstocks used to produce the biochars. The biochar treatments were not effective for reducing soil penetration resistance (SPR); however, DM significantly decreased the SPR. Data from this short-term study suggest that biochar can be used to improve soil hydrological properties. Future studies with different rates and types of biochar under different climatic conditions are needed.
Passive, wireless transduction of electrochemical impedance across thin-film microfabricated coils using reflected impedance

A new method of wirelessly transducing electrochemical impedance without integrated circuits or discrete electrical components was developed and characterized. The resonant frequency and impedance magnitude at resonance of a planar inductive coil is affected by the load on a secondary coil terminating in sensing electrodes exposed to solution (reflected impedance), allowing the transduction of the high-frequency electrochemical impedance between the two electrodes. Biocompatible, flexible secondary coils with sensing electrodes made from gold and Parylene C were microfabricated and the reflected impedance in response to phosphate-buffered saline solutions of varying concentrations was characterized. Both the resonant frequency and impedance at resonance were highly sensitive to changes in solution conductivity at the secondary electrodes, and the effects of vertical separation, lateral misalignment, and temperature changes were also characterized. Two applications of reflected impedance in biomedical sensors for hydrocephalus shunts and glucose sensing are discussed.
Sinonasal T-cell expression of cytotoxic mediators granzyme B and perforin is reduced in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

BackgroundCD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic cells that use granzyme B (GrB) and perforin. Defective cytotoxic function is known to play a role in dysregulated immune response...
Gaps in the Endangered Species Act: The Plight of the Florida Panther

In 2009 several environmental groups petitioned the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to initiate rulemaking to designate critical habitat for the Florida panther. In Conservancy of Southwest Florida v. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the Eleventh Circuit upheld the FWS’s decision. The appellate decision hinged largely on language in the Endangered Species Act that grants discretion to an agency in deciding whether to designate critical habitat for a species listed as endangered prior to the 1978 amendments to that Act. This Comment argues that the language relied upon by the court creates an arbitrary timestamp under which species with similar protection needs have substantially dissimilar rights to such protection. Because this Eleventh Circuit interpretation of the Act’s language is sound, a change in the Act’s language is necessary to afford all endangered species the same protection.
Trends in the Setting and Cost of Ambulatory Urological Surgery: An Analysis of 5 States in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project

AbstractIntroduction:With the rising costs of health care, surgical procedures have migrated from the inpatient to outpatient setting with more than 60% of urological procedures performed in the am...
Rationality and Bias: Intentions, Reasons, and Motives

As shown in discussion of the dimensions of responsibility, a person will be judged increasingly accountable for the production of harm as that person’s causal participation and knowledge of the consequences of action increases. This attribution of responsibility will be reduced if the person is thought either not to possess the capacity to know that the action was wrong or to have been forced into taking the action. Our most severe moral criticism, like the most serious criminal penalties, will be reserved for those individuals who are thought to have produced harm intentionally. But how can we determine a person’s intentions with any certainty? Are those intentions evanescent phenomena that arise as if by whim, and disappear just as quickly? Or do intentions reflect more enduring dispositions within the actors? If such underlying dispositions really exist, by what mechanism do. they create behavior? How are our judgments as perceivers likely to be affected by our own intentions and motives? The purpose of this chapter is to suggest answers to these related questions.
Effect of SU 13197, a new antiarrhythmic agent, on atrial arrhythmias: Preliminary study

S INCE Jean-Baptisle de Senac first employed cinchona i i 1749 for "rebellious palpitations" and the subsequent establishment of quinidine as a useful antiarrhythmic agent by Wenckebach in 1914, many agents capable of suppressing various cardiac arrhvthatias have been developed . However, none has surpassed the effectiveness of quinidine in converting atrial flutter and fibrillation to sinus rhythm . Most agents demonstrating effectiveness in atrial flutter and fibrillation have been too toxic for clinical use .
A Noninvasive Method to Assess Mucosal Healing in Patients* With Crohn’s Disease

Ongoing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and loss of the mucosal barrier are key components of Crohn's disease. Current treatment paradigms, including treat-to-target, are based on improvement of both clinical and endoscopic symptoms. Endoscopy is an essential tool for the evaluation of mucosal healing, but patients may be reluctant to undergo repeated procedures. Surrogate markers of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin, are being used, yet they have several limitations in the assessment of mucosal healing. A new strategy, known as the Monitr test, assesses mucosal healing status by evaluating serum levels of 13 biomarkers in patients with Crohn's disease. The 13 biomarkers are associated with cell adhesion, inflammation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell proliferation and repair, and immune cell recruitment. Monitr testing yields a mucosal healing index score that reflects disease severity. Validation of the test showed an overall accuracy of 90%, with a negative predictive value of 92% and a positive predictive value of 87% for identifying patients with endoscopic evidence of Crohn's disease. Use of this noninvasive test may aid in the monitoring and management of patients with Crohn's disease, while potentially reducing the need for repeated endoscopy.
A phase II study of elotuzumab in combination with pomalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.

8012Background: Elotuzumab is an approved monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 on NK cells and plasma cells that enhances the activity of lenalidomide and bortezomib in multiple myeloma (MM). We st...
Data-driven Anomaly Detection with Timing Features for Embedded Systems

Malware is a serious threat to network-connected embedded systems, as evidenced by the continued and rapid growth of such devices, commonly referred to as the Internet of Things. Their ubiquitous use in critical applications require robust protection to ensure user safety and privacy. That protection must be applied to all system aspects, extending beyond protecting the network and external interfaces. Anomaly detection is one of the last lines of defence against malware, in which data-driven approaches that require the least domain knowledge are popular. However, embedded systems, particularly edge devices, face several challenges in applying data-driven anomaly detection, including unpredictability of malware, limited tolerance to long data collection windows, and limited computing/energy resources. In this article, we utilize subcomponent timing information of software execution, including intrinsic software execution, instruction cache misses, and data cache misses as features, to detect anomalies based on ranges, multi-dimensional Euclidean distance, and classification at runtime. Detection methods based on lumped timing range are also evaluated and compared. We design several hardware detectors implementing these data-driven detection methods, which non-intrusively measuring lumped/subcomponent timing of all system/function calls of the embedded application. We evaluate the area, power, and detection latency of the presented detector designs. Experimental results demonstrate that the subcomponent timing model provides sufficient features to achieve high detection accuracy with low false-positive rates using a one-class support vector machine, considering sophisticated mimicry malware.
High Landau levels of two-dimensional electrons near the topological transition caused by interplay of spin-orbit and Zeeman energy shifts

In the presence of spin-orbit coupling two branches of the energy spectrum of two-dimensional electrons get shifted in the momentum space. Application of an in-plane magnetic field causes the splitting of the branches in energy. When both spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting are present, the branches of the energy spectrum cross at a certain energy. Near this energy, the Landau quantization becomes peculiar since semiclassical trajectories, corresponding to individual branches, get coupled. We study this coupling as a function of the proximity to the topological transition. Remarkably, the dependence on the proximity is strongly asymmetric, reflecting the specifics of the behavior of the trajectories near the crossing. Equally remarkable, on one side of the transition, the magnitude of coupling is an oscillating function of this proximity. These oscillations can be interpreted in terms of the St\"uckelberg interference. Scaling of characteristic detuning with magnetic length is also unusual. This unusual behavior cannot be captured by simply linearizing the Fermi contours near the crossing point.
Evaluation of algorithms for fake news identification

Today, information is spread quickly throughout communities by means of simple messaging, group chats, and social media platforms. Because of the ease of use that these services provide, misinformation has become a common trend. The term ‘fake news’ has emerged as being a way to refer to all information shared in a manner that is meant to mislead a reader into thinking something is a true statement when it is not. Combating fake news has become a major topic, and many are attempting to find a way of detecting when something is real or made up. In this paper, we look at a database of news articles that have been classified as either real or fake and apply machine learning to automatically determine if something is deliberately misleading. Algorithms have been developed to make judgements, classify articles in a database and judge new articles based on learned knowledge. This model combines multiple factors that may raise or lower confidence in the article being legitimate or illegitimate and provides a single confidence metric. This paper presents the development of these algorithms for assessing articles. It discusses the efficacy of using this approach and compares it to other classification approaches. It then presents the results of using the system to classify numerous presented articles and discusses the sufficiency of system accuracy for multiple applications. Finally, it discusses next steps in the fake news detection project and how these algorithms fit within them.
Identification of Targetable Pathways in Oral Cancer Patients via Random Forest and Chemical Informatics

Treatment of head and neck cancer has been slow to change with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, PD1 inhibitors, and taxane-/plant-alkaloid-derived chemotherapies being the only t...
Z_2 Gauge Theory of Electron Fractionalization in Strongly Correlated Systems

We develop a new theoretical framework for describing and analyzing exotic phases of strongly correlated electrons which support excitations with fractional quantum numbers. Starting with a class of microscopic models believed to capture much of the essential physics of the cuprate superconductors, we derive a new gauge theory\char22{}based upon a discrete Ising or ${Z}_{2}$ symmetry\char22{}which interpolates naturally between an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator and a conventional d-wave superconductor. We explore the intervening regime, and demonstrate the possible existence of an exotic fractionalized insulator, the nodal liquid, as well as various more conventional insulating phases exhibiting broken lattice symmetries. A crucial role is played by vortex configurations in the ${Z}_{2}$ gauge field. Fractionalization is obtained if they are uncondensed. Within the insulating phases, the dynamics of these ${Z}_{2}$ vortices in two dimensions is described, after a duality transformation, by an Ising model in a transverse field, the Ising spins representing the ${Z}_{2}$ vortices. The presence of an unusual Berry's phase term in the gauge theory leads to a doping-dependent ``frustration'' in the dual Ising model, being fully frustrated at half filling. The ${Z}_{2}$ gauge theory is readily generalized to a variety of different situations, in particular, it can also describe three-dimensional insulators with fractional quantum numbers. We point out that the mechanism of fractionalization for $dg1$ is distinct from the well-known one-dimensional spin\char21{}charge separation. Other interesting results include a description of an exotic fractionalized superconductor in two or higher dimensions.
Lentiviral interleukin-10 gene therapy preserves fine motor circuitry and function after a cervical spinal cord injury in male and female mice

In mammals, spinal cord injuries often result in muscle paralysis through the apoptosis of lower motor neurons and denervation of neuromuscular junctions. Previous research shows that the inflammatory response to a spinal cord injury can cause additional tissue damage after the initial trauma. To modulate this inflammatory response, we delivered lentiviral anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, via loading onto an implantable biomaterial scaffold, into a left-sided hemisection at the C5 vertebra in mice. We hypothesized that improved behavioral outcomes associated with anti-inflammatory treatment are due to the sparing of fine motor circuit components. We examined behavioral recovery using a ladder beam, lower motor neuron apoptosis and muscle innervation using histology, and electromyogram recordings using intraspinal optogenetic stimulation at 2 weeks post-injury. Ladder beam analysis shows interleukin-10 treatment results in significant improvement of behavioral recovery at 2 and 12 weeks post-injury when compared to mice treated with a control virus. Histology shows interleukin-10 results in greater numbers of lower motor neurons and muscle innervation at 2 weeks post-injury. Furthermore, electromyogram recordings suggest that interleukin-10-treated animals have signal-to-noise ratios and peak-to-peak amplitudes more similar to that of uninjured controls than to that of control injured animals at 2 weeks post-injury. These data show that gene therapy using anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 can significantly reduce lower motor neuron loss, muscle denervation, and subsequent motor deficits after a spinal cord injury. Together, these results suggest that early modulation of the injury response can preserve muscle function with long-lasting benefits.
Ridicule, Technical Communication, and Nineteenth-Century Women Performing College Math

This article examines how nineteenth-century participants in technical and professional communication (TPC) used rhetorical techniques of ridicule to critique audiences’ assumptions and advocate fo...
Abstract 6019: Identification of the neo-genesis of glioblastoma stem cells using label-free quantitative phase imaging

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive neurological cancer with a very poor prognosis due to its propensity to regenerate after medical interventions. Our experimental model is U87-MG cells, which contain subsets of cancer stem cells (CSC) and have the unusual property of spontaneously forming neurospheres in culture. We are investigating the origins of these stem cells. Materials and Methods: We employ recently developed time label-free, time-lapse quantitative phase imaging (QPI) technology that allows precise quantification of the refractive index (RI) distributions on a sub-cellular level. These measurements are stored in 2D or 3D arrays which can be presented as images or videos at various resolutions. Cells were seeded into sealable culture Petrie dishes and imaged while maintaining appropriate environmental controls. Results: We first noted CSCs in late stage cultures in exploratory experiments, where they presented as small cells (10-15 um) compared to the 50-100 um range of mature U8-MR cells. Their refractive index (RI) is 1.42, compared to about 1.40 for the cytoplasm of mature cells. QPI technology sensitivity enables almost complete separation between the two cell types in RI histograms. We exemplify a grouping of cells in an 80 um2 field of view, tracked in multiple time segments ranging from 20 minutes to 12 hours over a period of about 18 hours, containing a mature U87 which serves as a reference marker. Around this cell, there are 3 distinct pro-stem (PS) cells 12 to 16 um in size: PS-1 with numerous 0.5 um particles in the size range of mitochondria, PS-2 with a nucleus with nucleoli but no nuclear membrane, and PS-3 with a distinct nucleus, nucleoli, and cytosol. The cells are all connected in a network of nanotubes and tunnels. PS-1 and PS-2 are not very active in the early analysis, but they eventually move together and appear to fuse while still maintaining their individual shapes. PS-3 is very actively interacting with another cell on the border of the analysis window. It is extending and retracting a tube and is apparently moving materials both to and away from the other cell in a very regular and linear fashion, suggesting a primitive form of transcription. Discussion: The processes we observed are consistent with tumor stem cell generation by autophagy, mitophagy, and catabolization followed by reprograming of the remnants and formation of neoplastic stem cells. The novelty of our approach is determined by technical capabilities of our QPI platforms, which is non-invasive label-free approach coupled with ultra-high-resolution analysis, previously unobtainable in traditional time-lapse imaging systems. Citation Format: Ed Luther, Livia P. Mendes, Vladimir P. Torchilin. Identification of the neo-genesis of glioblastoma stem cells using label-free quantitative phase imaging [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6019.
Multimodal imaging selection for IV alteplase in unknown time of onset stroke: Are we there yet?

Whereas treatment of large vessel stroke with mechanical thrombectomy, using perfusion imaging selection, is recommended up to 24 hours from last known well (LKW),1 IV thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke is still largely bound to the 4.5-hour time window.1
Hessian of Bellman functions and uniqueness of the Brascamp–Lieb inequality

Under some assumptions on the vectors a1,..,an 2 R k and the function B : R n ! R we find the sharp estimate of the expressionRk B(u1(a1 · x),...,un(an · x))dx in terms ofR uj(y)dy,j = 1,...,n. In some particular case we will show that these assumptions on B imply that there is only one Brascamp-Lieb inequality.
Aborted Sudden Cardiac Death from Vasospastic-Induced Ventricular Fibrillation with Normal Coronary Angiography: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Coronary artery vasospasms have been known to cause episodic angina pectoris, along with ST-T wave changes. In addition, vasospasm if prolonged can cause myocardial ischemia leading to malignant arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia resulting in sudden cardiac death (SCD). Treatment for this disorder can be challenging. Current data is lacking on the management of patients receiving appropriate vasodilator medications who present with Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib) as a consequence of coronary artery vasospasms. We present a case of a 71-year-old man who was hospitalized due to recurrent episodes of coronary vasospasms leading to acute decompensation and VFib with subsequent resuscitation while undergoing cardiac catheterization. We also provide review of the literature and updates on the current guidelines from the American Heart Association on this potentially life-threatening disorder.
Frontotemporal EEG to guide sedation in COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract Objective To study if limited frontotemporal electroencephalogram (EEG) can guide sedation changes in highly infectious novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving neuromuscular blocking agent. Methods 98 days of continuous frontotemporal EEG from 11 consecutive patients was evaluated daily by an epileptologist to recommend reduction or maintenance of the sedative level. We evaluated the need to increase sedation in the 6 h following this recommendation. Post-hoc analysis of the quantitative EEG was correlated with the level of sedation using a machine learning algorithm. Results Eleven patients were studied for a total of ninety-eight sedation days. EEG was consistent with excessive sedation on 57 (58%) and adequate sedation on 41 days (42%). Recommendations were followed by the team on 59% (N = 58; 19 to reduce and 39 to keep the sedation level). In the 6 h following reduction in sedation, increases of sedation were needed in 7 (12%). Automatized classification of EEG sedation levels reached 80% (±17%) accuracy. Conclusions Visual inspection of a limited EEG helped sedation depth guidance. In a secondary analysis, our data supported that this determination may be automated using quantitative EEG analysis. Significance Our results support the use of frontotemporal EEG for guiding sedation in patients with COVID-19.
All-Clear Flare Prediction Using Interval-based Time Series Classifiers

An all-clear flare prediction is a type of solar flare forecasting that puts more emphasis on predicting non-flaring instances (often relatively small flares and flare quiet regions) with high precision while still maintaining valuable predictive results. While many flare prediction studies do not address this problem directly, all-clear predictions can be useful in operational context. However, in all-clear predictions, finding the right balance between avoiding false negatives (misses) and reducing the false positives (false alarms) is often challenging. Our study focuses on training and testing a set of interval-based time series named Time Series Forest (TSF). These classifiers will be used towards building an all-clear flare prediction system by utilizing multivariate time series data. Throughout this paper, we demonstrate our data collection, predictive model building and evaluation processes, and compare our time series classification models with baselines using our benchmark datasets. Our results show that time series classifiers provide better forecasting results in terms of skill scores, precision and recall metrics, and they can be further improved for more precise all-clear forecasts by tuning model hyperparameters.
Learning Analytics Dashboard Research Has Neglected Diversity, Equity and Inclusion

Learning analytic dashboards (LADs) have become more prevalent in higher education to help students, faculty, and staff make data-informed decisions. Despite extensive research on the design and usability of LADs, few studies have examined them in relation to issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion. We conducted a critical literature review to address three research questions: How does LAD research contribute to improving diversity, equity, and inclusion? How might LADs contribute to maintaining or exacerbating inequitable outcomes? And what future opportunities exist in this research space? Our review showed little use of LADs to address or improve issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the literature thus far. We argue that excluding these issues from LAD research is not an isolated oversight and it risks reinforcing existing inequities within the higher education system. We argue that LADs can be designed, researched, and deployed intentionally to advance equitable outcomes and help dismantle inequities in education. We highlight opportunities for future LAD research to address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion.
A Simplified Modification of the Henderson Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Opposition Transfer.

Purpose There are several potential donor muscle–tendon units for a thumb opposition transfer. The extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) is useful when the more usual donor units are not available. The technique and results of a simplified ECU opposition transfer elongated with a free tendon graft are described. Methods Ten ECU opposition transfers were performed using this modification of Henderson technique in 5 adults after complex trauma, 3 adults with median and ulnar nerve palsies, and 2 children with congenital hand differences. Results Seven patients achieved a Kapandji opposition score of 6 to the distal phalanx of the small finger, and 3 patients achieved a Kapandji score of 5 to the distal phalanx of the ring finger. None of the patients required a secondary tenolysis or developed a radial deviation imbalance of their wrist. Conclusions This modification of the Henderson technique using ECU elongated with a free tendon graft and inserted directly and only into the abductor pollicis brevis tendon is an effective method of restoring opposition to the thumb, especially when other conventional donor muscle–tendon units are not available. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic V.
Optimization, Engineering, and a More General Corona Theorem

These talks concern a certain optimization problem over the space of functions on the unit circle ∏. It is a general problem which subsumes the classical problem of finding the distance of a given function g to H∞ as a very special case. The qualitative theory has advanced rapidly over the last few years to the point where it now strictly extends the main result of the classical H∞ distance problem. The talk describes these new results, a more general Corona theory which is a by-product of them, and some of the substantial engineering motivation which underlies the optimization problem.