cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pineal gland cells in culture. Morphology, Biochemistry, Differentiation, and co-culture with sympathetic neurons.

Abstract We present here the initial report of a method for reproducibly obtaining primary cell cultures from pineal glands of 2-day-old rats. During culture, the putative pinealocytes became associated with each other in “nests”. Cells in these nests displayed vesicle-crowned rodlets and cilia, which are fine structural features in vivo of pinealocytes from neonatal rats. Treatment of the cultured cells with either norepinephrine or dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) resulted in an increase in the activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase, a marker activity for pineal function. This stimulation could be blocked by either cycloheximide or actinomycin D, and norepinephrine stimulation was also blocked by L -propranolol. Further, the pineal cell cultures were able to support the growth of dispersed cells of rat superior cervical ganglia and to allow neurite outgrowth in these co-cultures, though the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the medium of these cultures could not be detected.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERSONIC PLASMA WIND TUNNEL

The study of controlled plasma discharges in supersonic air has become an area of increasing interest. These discharges may be used for flow control, drag reduction, combustion initiation and stabilization, as well as for power extraction and plasma shielding applications. In order to study the formation of such discharges and their impact on the flow, proper testing facilities are required. This paper details the work done in the design, construction, and testing of a supersonic plasma wind tunnel.
Trauma indices for prediction of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract Background A myriad of trauma indices has been validated to predict probability of trauma survival. We aimed to compare the performance of commonly used indices for the development of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Materials and methods Historic, observational cohort study of 27,385 consecutive patients admitted to a statewide referral trauma center between July 11, 2003 and October 31, 2011. A validated algorithm was adapted to identify patients with ARDS. Each trauma index was evaluated in logistic regression using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results The case rate for ARDS development was 5.8% (1594). The receiver operating characteristics for injury severity score (ISS) had the best discrimination and had an area under the curve of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87–0.89). Glasgow coma score (0.71, 95% CI = 0.70–0.73), A Severity Characterization of Trauma (0.86, 95% CI = 0.85–0.87), Revised Trauma Score (0.71, 95% CI = 0.70–0.72) and thorax Abbreviated Injury Score (0.73, 95% CI = 0.72–0.74) performed worse (P Conclusions Among commonly used trauma indices, ISS has superior or equivocal discriminative ability for development of ARDS. A cutoff point of ISS ≥16 provided good sensitivity and specificity. The use of ISS ≥16 is a simple method to evaluate ARDS in trauma epidemiology and outcomes research.
The rise and fall of green sunfish in Gilmore Creek

Abstract. We examined the dynamics of green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) in Gilmore Creek, a coldwater trout stream in southeastern Minnesota, over two time scales. On a historical scale, green sunfish occurred in the creek with other warmwater fishes after deforestation and poor farming practices in the late 1800s and early 1900s resulted in higher water temperatures and other habitat degradation. Reforestation and improved land management led to a restored trout fishery by the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, green sunfish have been known to invade the creek from downstream Boller Lake during high water events in late summer or early fall. After such an invasion event in 2010, catches of green sunfish declined exponentially over the subsequent months. Available evidence suggests that green sunfish have little predatory impact on brown trout because few sunfish remain in the creek by late fall when trout lay their eggs, and even fewer sunfish are present by spring when trout eggs hatch.
Collaborative and trajectory prediction models of medical conditions by mining patients' Social Data

In the U.S., 80% of Medicare spending is for managing patients with multiple coexisting conditions. Predicting potentially correlated diseases for an individual patient and correlated disease progression paths are both important research tasks. For example, obese patients are at an increased risk for developing type-2 diabetes and hypertension. This correlation is called comorbidity relationship. Discovering the comorbidity relationships is complex and difficult due to the limited access to Electronic Health Records by privacy laws. In this paper, we present a framework called Social Data-based Prediction of Incidence and Trajectory to predict potential risks for medical conditions as well as its progression trajectory to identify the comorbidity path. The framework utilizes patients' publicly available social media data and presents a collaborative prediction model to predict the ranked list of potential comorbidity incidences, and a trajectory prediction model to reveal different paths of condition progression. The experimental results show that our framework is able to predict future conditions for online patients with a coverage value of 48% and 75% for a top-20 and a top-100 ranked list, respectively. For risk trajectory prediction, our framework is able to reveal each potential progression trajectory between any two conditions and infer the confidence of the future trajectory, given any observed condition. The predicted trajectories are validated with existing comorbidity relations from the medical literature.
Prior cesarean delivery and risk of conversion to laparotomy during laparoscopic hysterectomy

Abstract Objective: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that a history of previous cesarean delivery does not increase the risk of conversion to laparotomy in patients undergoing laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy (LSH) for benign gynecologic indications. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 799 patients who underwent LSH for benign gynecologic indications between January 2003 and December 2009. Results: There were a total of 16 (2%) conversions. The patients who underwent conversion were 5 times more likely to have a uterus that weighed ≥250 g (odds ratio [OR]: 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–17.4) and 3 times more likely to have had previous cesarean delivery (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.1–8.0). These patients were also significantly more likely to need concomitant adhesiolysis in addition to the primary procedure (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2–9.8). However, after controlling for confounders (body mass index, blood l...
Passive Layer Formation at Ferroelectric PbTiO3/Pt Interfaces Studied by EELS

Polarization fatigue with repeated electric cycles in ferroelectric thin films is a major degradation problem in ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. However, the origin of this phenomenon is still not properly understood. The fatigue mechanism of a ferroelectric perovskite in a multilayer ferroelectric PbTiO 3 thin film material has been investigated here using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Z-contrast images of the interfaces show that the ferroelectric PbTiO 3 layer has partly decomposed into a single crystal PbTiO 3 layer and an amorphous layer. Nanometer-sized precipitates are present near the Pt electrode. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis reveals that the amorphous layer is a Ti-rich phase between TiO 2 and PbTiO 3 . The precipitates are determined to be a Pt-Pb rich crystalline phase. It is suggested that the formation of the structure-distorted intermediate layer and precipitates may be associated with the ferroelectric degradation process by acting as a passive layer in a ferroelectric capacitor. In addition, the formation of the Pt-Pb rich precipitates may cause an interruption of the consistent Pt electrode, which may result in failure of the device.
Factors Associated with Time to Arrival at a Regional Pediatric Trauma Center.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the prehospital time between injury and arrival at a trauma center for critically injured children is associated with patient injury severity and mode of transport. METHODS: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data on children 0-17 years of age admitted with traumatic injuries to a designated Level I pediatric trauma center from January 1, 2006 through September 30, 2007 was conducted. Multivariate regression methods were used to assess for factors independently associated with prehospital time. RESULTS: Of 1,175 admissions during the study period, only 355 (30%) had a prehospital time within 60 minutes of injury. Prehospital time within 60 minutes of injury was associated with higher frequency of coma, higher mean injury severity scores (ISS), and greater frequency of admission to the intensive care unit when compared with prehospital time beyond 60 minutes of injury. Children who arrived at the trauma center within 60 minutes versus beyond 60 minutes were 13-fold (odds ratio [OR]: 12.9; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 7.6-22.0) more likely to be transported via air ambulance than a private vehicle, and had 4.8-fold greater odds (95% CI, 2.2-10.3) of transport via ground ambulance than private vehicle. For each kilometer of distance between the injury zip code and the trauma center, the odds of arrival within 60 minutes versus beyond 60 minutes decreased by 15% (OR: 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.91). CONCLUSION: Field triage and decision making appeared to correlate with severity of patient injury with expeditious transport of the most severely injured children to definitive trauma care. This finding serves as important groundwork that might enable further study into factors that influence triage and overall prehospital care for critically injured children. Odetola FO , Mann NC , Hansen KW , Bratton SL. Factors associated with time to arrival at a regional pediatric trauma center. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):1 6. Language: en
HETERODIENOPHILES PART 5, A STEREOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ALDIMINE-DIENE CYCLOADDITIONS

Abstract A study has been made of exo/endo ratios in the formation of azabicyclics via cycloadditions of cyclopenta- or cyclohexa-1,3-diene with N-carbethoxy and N-p -toluenesulfonyl trichloromethyl imines, N-p-toluenesulfonyl trifluoromethyl imine, and N-phenyl-5-methoxyhydantoin. For N-carbethoxy imines both thermal and acid catalyzed cycloadditions were investigated with acid catalysis being notably evident. Cyclic Z-imines afford endo adducts while acyclic imines afford exo/endo mixtures.
Effect of CFD Wake Prediction in a Hybrid Simulation of Fan Broadband Interaction Noise

A fully computational hybrid method for simulating broadband interaction noise downstream of the fan stage in a turbofan engine is explored in this paper. The particular noise source of interest is due to the interaction of the fan rotor wake with the fan exit guide vanes (FEGVs). The broadband noise is predicted with the RSI code coupled to a Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) ow simulation. Input ow quantities for the RSI calculation of the FEGV response are derived from the rotor wake ow predicted by four dierent RANS simulations. The RANS solutions are shown to be in reasonable agreement with each other and with the hot-wire data available at the approach condition. The RANS solutions dier from each other more at higher rotor speeds but are self consistent in their wake ow predictions across the 3 rotor speeds: approach, cutback, and takeo.
Social Media and Public Outreach: A Physician Primer.

The emergence of social media with easy and anywhere smartphone access has facilitated our society's information-craving behaviors to the point that many rely on the Web and social media to make health-related decisions. Recognizing this reality, many health care professionals and organizations have
An All-Digital Edge Racing True Random Number Generator Robust Against PVT Variations

This paper presents an all-digital true random number generator (TRNG) harvesting entropy from the collapse of two edges injected into one even-stage ring, fabricated in 40 and 180 nm CMOS technologies. A configurable ring and tuning loop provides robustness across a wide range of temperature ( $-{40}\,^\circ\text{C}$ to 120 °C), voltage (0.6 to 0.9 V), process variation, and external attack. The dynamic tuning loop automatically configures the ring to meet a sufficient collapse time, thereby maximizing entropy. Measured random bits pass all NIST randomness tests across all measured operating conditions and power supply attacks. In 40 nm, the TRNG occupies only ${836}\,\upmu \text{m}^{2}$ and consumes 23 pJ/bit at nominal 0.9 V and 11 pJ/bit at 0.6 V.
Nonresponse Bias and Callbacks in Sample Surveys

Experience with personal interview sample surveys indicates that the number of interviews successfully completed varies with the number of attempts to reach members of the sample. The first attempt to contact the re
Bacterial toxin RelE: a highly efficient ribonuclease with exquisite substrate specificity using atypical catalytic residues.

The toxin RelE is a ribosome-dependent endoribonuclease implicated in diverse cellular processes, including persistence. During amino acid starvation, RelE inhibits translation by cleaving ribosomal A-site mRNA. Although RelE is structurally similar to other microbial endoribonucleases, the active-site amino acid composition differs substantially and lacks obvious candidates for general acid–base functionality. Highly conserved RelE residues (Lys52, Lys54, Arg61, Arg81, and Tyr87) surround the mRNA scissile phosphate, and specific 16S rRNA contacts further contribute to substrate positioning. We used a single-turnover kinetic assay to evaluate the catalytic importance of individual residues in the RelE active site. Within the context of the ribosome, RelE rapidly cleaves A-site mRNA at a rate similar to those of traditional ribonucleases. Single-turnover rate constants decreased between 102- and 106-fold for the RelE active-site mutants of Lys52, Lys54, Arg61, and Arg81. RelE may principally promote catal...
The development of 5XXX aluminum alloys for RCS applications

The material characteristics necessary for making aluminum ends for beverage cans have changed dramatically as the industry has evolved over the past 30 years. This article traces the evolution of alloys used in end-stock applications from the 1950s to the present. Early experiences with H19 rigid-container sheet alloys that resulted in the development of alloy 5182 are reviewed, with emphasis on work-hardening and partial-annealing behavior. Changes in the industry, particularly coil coating and new end designs, that drove metallurgical changes to the product are discussed.
CE: Cardiotoxicity and Breast Cancer as Late Effects of Pediatric and Adolescent Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment

The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2014 nearly 16,000 U.S. children and adolescents developed cancer, and in roughly 1,200 of these cases the cancer was Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The great majority of these patients will survive, joining the thousands who have been diagnosed and treated successfully in decades past. Nurses' familiarity with and attention to the late effects of the chemotherapy and radiation therapy used to treat HL, which include breast cancer as well as cardiotoxicity and its sequelae, are essential in helping these patients maintain their overall health.
Improving the end-of-life experience.

Hospice care continues to be underutilized. Indeed, owing to untimely referrals, many patients who begin hospice care unfortunately die shortly thereafter, having never received the full benefits provided by hospice. In her excellent article, Dr. Prince-Paul provides a case example that demonstrates the familiar multifaceted issues faced by cancer patients nearing end of life and discusses how hospice care could be of tremendous benefit to the patient, family, and professional.
Analysis of the Trend of Roundworm and Hookworm Infection in Chongqing

Objective To understand the epidemiological status of soil-transmitted parasite in Chongqing, and provide scientific basis for the control of soil-transmitted parasitic diseases. Method Based on the hookworm and roundworm historical data from 1982 to 2007, we analyzed the trend of the soil-transmitted parasitic diseases. A case- control study on the hookworm, roundworm infected person and uninfected person was performed. The relationship between infection and eating uncooked vegetable, working with bare feet, per-capita disposable income were studied. Result The highest infection rate of the hookworm was 92.9% and the roundworm was 74.7% when our nation in its youth. The infection rates of hookworm and roundworm were dropped to 23.42% and 7.89%, respectively, in 2007. There were 1180 cases in the case-control study of which there were 425 infected persons. The case-control study showed there was a close relationship between infection and eating uncooked vegetable, working with bare feet, per- capita disposable income. Conclusion The infection rate of roundworm and hookworm parasites decreased significantly. The changes of economic factors, environmental factors and social factors have played an important role in the tasks of prevention and treatment of these parasitic diseases.
Changes of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Anthers and Leaves from Three Types of Rice Male Sterile Lines

In order to further understand the rice male sterility phenomenon, the changes of activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rice anthers and flag leaves as well as photosynthetic rate were investigated for three types of the male sterile rices, photo-thermo sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile ‘2310SA’ line, photo-thermo sensitive genic male sterile ‘2310S’ line, cytoplasmic male sterile ‘2277A’ line and normal japonica rice under different conditions. The results showed that anther was more sensitive than leaf on light or temperature stress and there was obvious difference of active oxygen metabolism between fertile and sterile anthers. The abortive physiological phenomena of different types of sterile rices were not the same. Daylength or temperature changes had more powerful influence on ‘2310S’ line anthers, in which the performance of the three kinds of antioxidant enzyme above couldn’t act synergistically during ear late development, namely high SOD activity, low POD activity, membrane lipid peroxidation and its timing advance. The results also showed that POD activity remained stable low throughout during investigation periods for three kinds of sterile lines and might have directly relation to pollen abortion, in addition, photosynthetic rate was relatively also low in the sterile rices.
The Payoffs of Concurrent Engineering in Advance Material Development

The technical community broadly recognizes today that widespread applications of advanced composite materials are inhibited by four major types of technical barriers — design, manufacturing, inspection and repair. [1].
Financial Hegemony: Dutch Republic

We have been examining the theory of instability in financial markets. Instability arises from the time dimension in financial markets—which allows for both current rents and future liquidity, in valuing the capital assets traded in a market. Since the value of a capital asset continues over time from purchase at time T1 to sale at T2, profitability can be increased by using debt to purchase the asset. The percentage of the purchase price financed by debt is called ‘leverage’; and the higher the leverage the greater the profit. This allows ‘speculation’ in trading in the market, using higher and higher leverage to drive up the prices of assets in a ‘hot’ market. As speculators move from financing the purchase of an asset with conservative leverage to speculative leverage to Ponzi leverage, the financial market moves into a financial bubble, bursting in the ‘Minsky moment’ of Ponzi leverage. Leverage in private markets creates instability in stock and real estate markets; and leverage in government budgets creates national fiscal instability.
Combined active and passive microwave remote sensing of soil moisture for vegetated surfaces at L-band

The distorted Born approximation (DBA) combined with the numerical solutions of Maxwell equations (NMM3D) has been used for the radar backscattering model for NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. The models for vegetated surfaces such as wheat, grass, soybean and corn have been validated with the Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) data. In this paper we report progress on development of a consistent model for combined active and passive microwave remote sensing of vegetated surfaces by using the same approach to obtain backscatter and emissivity. The active model DBA/NMM3D is extended to calculate bistatic scattering for each of the three scattering mechanisms: volume, double bounce and surface scattering. Then emissivity is obtained by integration of the bistatic scattering. An advantage of this combined active and passive model is that the same physical parameters of vegetation and soil surfaces are used in both the active model and the passive model. The β parameter that relates backscattering to emissivity is also derived for various vegetated surfaces.
External validation and optimization of international consensus clinical target volumes for adjuvant radiation in bladder cancer.

336Background: International Consensus (IC) clinical target volumes (CTVs) have been proposed to standardize radiation field design in the treatment of patients at high risk for local regional failure (LRF) after radical cystectomy. The purpose of this study was to externally validate the IC CTVs in a cohort of post-surgical patients followed for LRF, and identify revisions that might improve its performance. Methods: Of 334 patients with pT3-4 bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy, 58 (17%) developed LRF, of which 52 had CTs available for review. Images with LRF were exported into a treatment planning system, and IC CTVs were contoured and evaluated for adequacy of coverage of each LRF, with respect to both the patient and each of six pelvic subsites: common iliac (CI), obturator region (OR), external and internal iliac (EI/II), presacral (PS), cystectomy bed (CB), or other pelvic site. Revisions to the IC contours were proposed based on the findings. Results: Of the 52 patients with documented ...
Gaseous emissions from the Lotts Creek coal mine fire: Perry County, Kentucky

Abstract The Lotts Creek coal mine fire is burning in abandoned works of the Pennsylvanian Hazard No. 9 coal, Perry County, Kentucky. Over the few months separating sampling trips, the fire showed a definite migration to the south. Several vents sampled on the first trip were extinct on the second trip. The flux of major gases varies from 1100 to 440,000 mg/s/m2 CO2 and
Trust and betrayal in interorganizational relationships: A systemic functional grammar analysis:

What is it that we do when we say to our business partner that we trust them? Or when we hint that we would consider a withdrawal from cooperation a betrayal? Relying on a systemic functional gramm...
An OPS5-English English-OPS5 Parser and Language Generator

The artificial intelligence community has, for at least 50 years, been concerned with the problem of machine understanding of natural language. Another problem, of concern to programmers, is human comprehension of computer programs. The work undertaken here may be thought of as an attack on the conjunction of these two problems in a very restricted domain: the computer language to be made comprehensible to the human is OPS5 while the computer is being asked to understand sentences which give rise to parts of OPS5 programs. This work translates OPS5 productions to and from English and other languages.
The Study of Moral Intuitions

Before discussing the outcomes of the studies we have done of the way in which people resolve fantasy dilemmas, some recent approaches toward a biological understanding of morality will be considered. Then, some basic moral issues will be developed that were selected because of their centrality to the arguments concerning evolutionary biology and moral philosophy that have been raised in Chapters 2 through 6. It is argued that understanding the dimensions of belief involved in the resolution of the fantasy dilemmas can provide an indication of the basic nature of moral beliefs, and that this understanding might be a step toward establishing the is. The intent of the empirical studies of moral intuitions is to identify the basic moral dimensions people use to resolve fantasy moral dilemmas. I will argue that the ways people choose to resolve these dilemmas reveal the coherence of moral belief systems.
Medicare HMO disenrollment and selective use of medical care: osteoarthritis-related joint replacement.

OBJECTIVE Recent Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO) disenrollees use a high level of medical services. This study examined admissions for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and osteoarthritis-related knee replacements (OKR) among Medicare HMO disenrollees and continuously enrolled fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries to determine whether Medicare beneficiaries are returning to the FFS system to receive quality-of-life enhancing elective care. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of Medicare inpatient claims for elderly Medicare beneficiaries residing in South Florida between 1990 and 1993. METHODS Inpatient admission rates for THA, OKR, and for 2 acute conditions--total hip replacements related to fracture of the hip (HRF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)--were estimated for Medicare HMO disenrollees over the 3-month period immediately following their disenrollment. These rates were compared with standardized rates for Medicare FFS enrollees. RESULTS The annualized adjusted rates of both THA and OKR were 3.5 to 4 times higher among Medicare HMO disenrollees than among FFS beneficiaries (P < or = .0001 for both procedures); substantially smaller differences were noted for HRF (P < or = .05), and no difference was present for AMI. HMO disenrollees and FFS enrollees did not differ in their levels of comorbidity at the time of admission. CONCLUSIONS These data provide indirect evidence that Medicare HMOs in South Florida are rationing THA and OKR and that beneficiaries respond by returning to the FFS system to seek care. This apparent rationing has important implications regarding for the management of serious, but nonemergent, medical conditions within the evolving Medicare system.
Development of a Predictive Tool For Estimating Well Performance In Horizontal Shale Gas Wells In the Barnett Shale, North Texas, USA

Production from "unconventional" shale gas reservoirs has seen increased attention and economic viability in recent years through the use of horizontal development wells. Maximizing horizontal permeability in such wells has been found to be one of the largest keys to unlocking shale gas reservoirs and producing them at economic rates. Currently, a world-class shale gas accumulation is being developed in and around the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, area using horizontal well applications. A multi-component approach to derive reliable and accurate predictions of horizontal shale gas well performance is presented here, using open hole well log data from several vertical pilot boreholes that have been drilled targeting the Bamett Shale. Fundamentally, this approach is founded upon four key elements: a thorough probabilistic volume estimation of lithology, calculation of total porosity, estimation of free gas present using a modified dual water saturation model and prediction of kerogen and total-organic-carbon (TOC) of the interval. From the primary evaluation from open hole logs, net kerogen-feet, TOC-ft and adsorbed gas-feet have all been identified as meaningful measures of shale "quality" that are useful as a vehicle to obtain accurate predictions of horizontal well ultimate recovery gas volumes (EUR). These factors have been weighted as a function of drilled lateral length for the horizontal production hole that has been subsequently drilled from each pilot. Varying the values calculated at the pilot well according to horizontal length is a key aspect of this evaluation technique and the weighting of these parameters found to correlate to decline-curve based EUR volumes for the study wells. The net product has been a reliable indicator for visualizing and quantifying well performance in five existing Bamett Shale horizontal wells, using standard open hole well log data acquired in the vertical pilot holes.
What Are We Missing in the Diagnostic Criteria for Migraine

This review is intended to examine how the diagnostic criteria for migraine have evolved over the past 45 years and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the current diagnostic criteria promulgated by the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). The ICHD is a comprehensive and systematic classification system for headache disorders. As the pathophysiology of migraine is more fully elucidated and more sophisticated diagnostic technologies are developed (e.g., the identification of biomarkers), the current diagnostic criteria for migraine will likely be further refined. The ICHD has allowed for more precise research study design in the field of headache medicine. The current diagnostic criteria for migraine outlined in the 3rd version of the ICHD are far more sensitive and specific than the clinical criteria proposed in 1962. In future iterations, dividing episodic and chronic migraine into subtypes based on frequency (i.e., low frequency vs high frequency; near-daily vs daily) potentially could assist in guiding clinical management. In addition, a better understanding of aura, vestibular migraine, migrainous infarction, and hemiplegic migraine likely will lead to more refined diagnostic criteria for those entities.
Swipe Left on the Bi Guys: Examining Attitudes toward Dating and Being Sexual with Bisexual Individuals

Dating and maintaining romantic relationships can often be difficult for bisexual people due to binegativity and related negative stereotypes. The current study utilized an experimental design to i...
Nerve Conduit Enhancement with Vomeronasal Organ Improves Rat Sciatic Functional Index in a Segmental Nerve Defect Model

Segmental nerve loss presents a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Collagen nerve conduits are one strategy for reconstruction of segmental defects, but no conduit-based reconstructive strategy has been as successful as autograft reconstruction. We hypothesized that collagen nerve conduits used to bridge segmental sciatic nerve defects may be enhanced by grafting with vomeronasal organ (VNO), owing to this tissue’s capacity for regeneration. Fourteen rats underwent resection of a 1.0 cm segment of sciatic nerve. Seven rats underwent reconstruction of the defect using a commercially available collagen nerve conduit. Seven rats underwent reconstruction using conduit filled with fresh VNO allograft. An additional seven rats underwent transection and direct epineural repair. Fourteen weeks postoperatively, all animals underwent calculation of sciatic functional index (SFI) via walking track analysis. After sacrifice, tissues were processed for histomorphometric analysis, including axon quantification and axon density. All reconstructed nerves were in continuity at sacrifice. At 14 weeks, the mean SFI was significantly higher in the vomeronasal organ-enhanced (VNOE) group and epineural repair (ER) group than the conduit-only (CO) group. `SFI was equivalent between VNOE and ER groups. Axon density was greater in the VNOE and ER groups than the CO group. Axon density was equivalent between VNOE and ER groups. In conclusion, this rat sciatic nerve segmental defect model achieved greater functional recovery and axon density using collagen nerve conduits filled with a pluripotent neuroepithelium relative to reconstruction with an empty conduit. These results suggest a promising strategy for repair of segmental peripheral nerve defects.
Mapping Cultural Schemas: From Theory to Method:

A growing body of research in sociology uses the concept of cultural schemas to explain how culture influences beliefs and actions. However, this work often relies on belief or attitude measures gl...
A rare cause of dysphagia due to esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis: a case report and review of literature

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis is an uncommon, idiopathic disorder characterized by multiple small outpouchings protruding from the esophageal lumen. Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis is associated with conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and diabetes mellitus, as well as emergent complications including pneumomediastinum. The most common presenting symptom is dysphagia with associated esophageal stricture formation. While the pathogenesis of EIP has yet to be determined, it is important to bring awareness to this unique disease with distinctive diagnostic findings and treatment options. In this case, we present a 62-year-old woman who suffered from dysphagia, an inability to tolerate a regular diet, and unintentional weight loss for several years prior to her diagnoses. She was diagnosed by esophagram and esophagogastroduodenoscopy to have esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis, complicated by severe stricture formation. Following treatment with sequential dilatation and maintenance H2-blocker therapy, she achieved significant symptomatic improvement. This case highlights the importance of accurate identification and treatment of an uncommon cause of dysphagia, esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis. Treatment includes dilatational therapy, as successfully demonstrated in our patient. Furthermore, treatment is focused on optimizing medical management, as demonstrated in our patient with the addition of an H2-blocker for GERD, or addressing potentially serious underlying causes, such as carcinoma, with surgery.
Calciphylaxis: An Analysis of Concomitant Factors, Treatment Effectiveness and Prognosis in 30 Patients

Background Calciphylaxis is a rare but severe complication mostly affecting patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The natural history, concomitant factors, pathogenesis, and treatment for calciphylaxis remain equivocal. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with calciphylaxis in a tertiary care center between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017. We describe demographics, co-morbidities, laboratory parameters, effectiveness of sodium thiosulfate treatment and outcomes. Results Of the 30 patients (age 65.6 ± 12.79 years, male:female = 8:22), 23 (76.67%) had ESRD and were either on hemodialysis (15 [65.22%], median duration 22.5 months [range 0.2-96 months]) or peritoneal dialysis (8 [34.78%], duration 29±10 months). Predisposing home medications: 8 (28%) had calcium supplements, 10 (36%) had warfarin, 16 (57%) had vitamin D and 5 (18%) had iron supplements. The median parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 239.8 pg/mL (range 4.7-2922). Calciphylaxis was found on extremities in 21 (70%) and on torso in 6 (20%) patients. Sodium thiosulfate (STS) was given for treatment in 20 (67%) patients and 3 were cured in <2.25 months. One-year survival for all patients with calciphylaxis was 26% (29% for STS group and 20% for those that did not receive STS) and following any surgical treatment regardless of STS use was 14%. Limitations Retrospective design, absence of a control group and low power. Conclusion Calciphylaxis was more common among females with a predilection for extremities over the torso. Elevations in PTH and inflammatory markers were common. Treatment with STS did not show a statistically significant improvement in survival. Those who were cured, were treated with STS up to three months.
Toward high-resolution optoelectronic retinal prosthesis

It has been already demonstrated that electrical stimulation of retina can produce visual percepts in blind patients suffering from macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. Current retinal implants provide very low resolution (just a few electrodes), while several thousand pixels are required for functional restoration of sight. We present a design of the optoelectronic retinal prosthetic system that can activate a retinal stimulating array with pixel density up to 2,500 pix/mm2 (geometrically corresponding to a visual acuity of 20/80), and allows for natural eye scanning rather than scanning with a head-mounted camera. The system operates similarly to "virtual reality" imaging devices used in military and medical applications. An image from a video camera is projected by a goggle-mounted infrared LED-LCD display onto the retina, activating an array of powered photodiodes in the retinal implant. Such a system provides a broad field of vision by allowing for natural eye scanning. The goggles are transparent to visible light, thus allowing for simultaneous utilization of remaining natural vision along with prosthetic stimulation. Optical control of the implant allows for simple adjustment of image processing algorithms and for learning. A major prerequisite for high resolution stimulation is the proximity of neural cells to the stimulation sites. This can be achieved with sub-retinal implants constructed in a manner that directs migration of retinal cells to target areas. Two basic implant geometries are described: perforated membranes and protruding electrode arrays. Possibility of the tactile neural stimulation is also examined.
Vitamin D Status as a Predictor of Postoperative Hypocalcemia after Thyroidectomy.

ObjectiveTo determine whether perioperative vitamin D levels are predictive of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients receiving thyroidectomy.Study DesignSingle center retrospective study.Subjects ...
Study progress of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistance

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common cause of respiratory tract infections in children.Methicillin-resistant staphylococcusaureus was reported in 1960s, then the resistance of other drugs were found in recent years, which leading to many problems in the clinical treatment.Clinician have to master the resistance trend and mechanism of this bacteria and decrease the speed of resistance as much as possible. Key words: Methicillin-resistant staphylococcusaureus; Resistance; Mechanism
Exploring Musical Structure Using Tonnetz Lattice Geometry and LSTMs

We study the use of Long Short-Term Memory neural networks to the modeling and prediction of music. Approaches to applying machine learning in modeling and prediction of music often apply little, if any, music theory as part of their algorithms. In contrast, we propose an approach which employs minimal music theory to embed the relationships between notes and chord structure explicitly. We extend the Tonnetz lattice, originally developed by Euler to introduce a metric between notes, in order to induce a metric between chords. Multidimensional scaling is employed to embed chords in twenty dimensions while best preserving this music-theoretic metric. We then demonstrate the utility of this embedding in the prediction of the next chord in a musical piece, having observed a short sequence of previous chords. Applying a standard training, test, and validation methodology to a dataset of Bach chorales, we achieve an accuracy rate of 50.4% on validation data, compared to an expected rate of 0.2% when guessing the chord randomly. This suggests that using Euler’s Tonnetz for embedding provides a framework in which machine learning tools can excel in classification and prediction tasks with musical data.
Tongue- and Jaw-Specific Articulatory Changes and Their Acoustic Consequences in Talkers with Dysarthria Due to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Effects of Loud, Clear, and Slow Speech.

Purpose This study aimed to determine how tongue and jaw displacement changes impact acoustic vowel contrast in talkers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and controls. Method Ten talkers with ALS and 14 controls participated in this study. Loud, clear, and slow speech cues were used to elicit tongue and jaw kinematic as well as acoustic changes. Speech kinematics was recorded using three-dimensional articulography. Independent tongue and jaw displacements were extracted during the diphthong /ai/ in kite. Acoustic distance between diphthong onset and offset in Formant 1-Formant 2 vowel space indexed acoustic vowel contrast. Results In both groups, all three speech modifications elicited increases in jaw displacement (typical < slow < loud < clear). By contrast, only slow speech elicited significantly increased independent tongue displacement in the ALS group (typical = loud = clear < slow), whereas all three speech modifications elicited significantly increased independent tongue displacement in controls (typical < loud < clear = slow). Furthermore, acoustic vowel contrast significantly increased in response to clear and slow speech in the ALS group, whereas all three speech modifications elicited significant increases in acoustic vowel contrast in controls (typical < loud < slow < clear). Finally, only jaw displacements accounted for acoustic vowel contrast gains in the ALS group. In controls, however, independent tongue displacements accounted for increases in vowel acoustic contrast during loud and slow speech, whereas jaw and independent tongue displacements accounted equally for acoustic vowel contrast change during clear speech. Conclusion Kinematic findings suggest that slow speech may be better suited to target independent tongue displacements in talkers with ALS than clear and loud speech. However, given that gains in acoustic vowel contrast were comparable for slow and clear speech cues in these talkers, future research is needed to determine potential differential impacts of slow and clear speech on perceptual measures, such as intelligibility. Finally, findings suggest that acoustic vowel contrast gains are predominantly jaw driven in talkers with ALS. Therefore, the acoustic and perceptual consequences of direct instructions of enhanced jaw movements should be compared to cued speech modification, such as clear and slow speech in these talkers.
Punctal Congestion Syndrome: A Reversible, Functional Punctal Stenosis Causing Epiphora in the Setting of Chronic Pretarsal Conjunctivitis.

Purpose To describe a reversible syndrome of epiphora, functional punctal stenosis, and chronic pretarsal conjunctivitis associated with corticosteroid or corticosteroid-antibiotic eyedrop use. Methods This is an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review of patients diagnosed with epiphora, punctal stenosis, and chronic conjunctivitis by a single surgeon (B.J.W.). These patients were subsequently invited to participate in a prospective study involving allergy skin patch testing for ophthalmic drops, common excipients, and active ingredients. Results Thirteen patients received a diagnosis of punctal congestion syndrome. The average age was 63 years (range, 41-93) and 69.2% were female. Findings were bilateral in 61.5%. All had used preserved drops in the affected eye(s). Various antecedent diagnoses resulted in treatment with preserved drops. Patients experienced epiphora for an average of 3.8 months (median, 3 months; mode, 3 months; range, 1-8 months) prior to presentation. Two patients had undergone punctoplasty which failed to resolve symptoms. 92.3% of patients had been taking tobramycin-dexamethasone drops, loteprednol drops, or a combination of both prior to presentation. All were taken off preserved drops. 69.2% were also treated with a preservative-free loteprednol etabonate 0.5% ophthalmic ointment taper. All improved. Partial relief of symptoms was achieved by an average of 1.6 months (median, 2 months; mode, 2 months; standard deviation, ±0.7 months) and resolution of symptoms by 2.5 months (median, 2 months; mode, 2 months; standard deviation, ±1.7 months). One patient underwent patch testing with strong positive reactions to formaldehyde and neomycin and a weak positive reaction to gentamicin. Conclusions Functional punctal stenosis is associated with topical ophthalmic preparations, especially preserved corticosteroids and antibiotic-corticosteroid combinations. Treatment consists of removal of all preserved eyedrops. Symptoms often improve over several months.
Comparative analysis of deep transfer learning performance on crop classification

Building accurate machine learning models for mapping crops using remote sensing imagery is a challenging task. Traditional solutions include per-pixel based and object-based classification solutions using coarse resolution imagery such as MODIS and LANDSAT. These models also require the development of hand-crafted features. In addition, these methods are computationally inefficient when used with very high resolution (VHR) imagery. Deep learning methods, with their ability to automatically learn relevant features provide an efficient alternative. However, deep learning methods are data-hungry, and require large amounts of labeled data sets to achieve accurate results. This is a challenge to the remote sensing community, since there is a lack of large labeled data sets in the domain. Transfer learning is a strategy that has been widely adapted across several domains and has allowed for the usage of deep neural networks even with limited labeled data. In this paper, we perform a comparative analysis of various transfer learning strategies for the domain of crop classification. We perform our experiments using three well-known neural networks and evaluate various strategies such as: (i) training the model from scratch using random weight initialization, (ii) simply using the pretrained models as feature extractors, (iii) finetuning deep CNNs by freezing the early layers of a pretrained CNN, and (iv) using the Imagenet pretrained weights as initialization, and their impact on classification performance.
So Useful as a Good Theory? The Practicality Crisis in (Social) Psychological Theory:

Practicality was a valued attribute of academic psychological theory during its initial decades, but usefulness has since faded in importance to the field. Theories are now evaluated mainly on their ability to account for decontextualized laboratory data and not their ability to help solve societal problems. With laudable exceptions in the clinical, intergroup, and health domains, most psychological theories have little relevance to people's everyday lives, poor accessibility to policymakers, or even applicability to the work of other academics who are better positioned to translate the theories to the practical realm. We refer to the lack of relevance, accessibility, and applicability of psychological theory to the rest of society as the practicality crisis. The practicality crisis harms the field in its ability to attract the next generation of scholars and maintain viability at the national level. We describe practical theory and illustrate its use in the field of self-regulation. Psychological theory is historically and scientifically well positioned to become useful should scholars in the field decide to value practicality. We offer a set of incentives to encourage the return of social psychology to the Lewinian vision of a useful science that speaks to pressing social issues.