cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uniprocessor performance enhancement with additive Schwarz preconditioners on Origin 2000

Abstract Most current-day microprocessor designs are characterized by fast processors and slow main memory. The performance gap is usually reduced by using small and fast cache memory as a buffer to main memory. In order to achieve good performance, it is necessary for an algorithm to reduce cache misses. In this paper, we study the performance characteristics of several basic iterative kernels on a single microprocessor of the SGI Cray Origin 2000 system. For large problem sizes, the performance of the global preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method is limited by frequent access to slow main memory. On the other hand, the additive Schwarz PCG method shows much better performance because of effective utilization of the cache memory.
Balloon dilation of critical pulmonary stenosis in the first week of life.

Abstract Although balloon dilation or valvular pulmonary stenosis is established in infants and children, the techniques for and results of balloon dilation in neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis remain largely unreported. Since January 1, 1985, six successive neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis (aged 1 to 6 days) underwent attempted balloon dilation. Each was cyanotic and three of the six were on prostaglandin E1therapy and three required tracheal intubation and ventilation. All had suprasystemic right ventricular pressures (mean 122.8 ± 6.6 mm Hg). After hemodynamic evaluation and right ventricular angiography, the valve was crossed in five patients, and was first dilated with a low profile, 5 or 6 mm diameter, 2 cm long balloon. At least one more balloon was used in each patient, the largest being 95 to 133% of the diameter of the pulmonary valve anulus. The anulus size was 6.8 ± 1.1 mm and the largest balloon size used was 6 to 10 mm. Right ventricular pressure decreased to nearly systemic level or less in live of five patients (58.8 ± 6.7 mm Hg). Pressure gradients, measured in four infants, were 7, 12, 16 and 35 mm Hg, respectively, but were unreliable indicators of obstruction because of a patent ductus arteriosus. The five patients were discharged 3 to 8 (days after balloon dilation. All are currently symptom free 10.6 ± 11.7 months later, and all but one are believed clinically to have mild obstruction. Complications included iliac vein occlusion (n = 1) and complete right bundle branch block (n = 1). Although follow-up has been brief, neonates with critical pulmonary stenosis can safely undergo balloon dilation, usually with good short-term results.
Partitioned Riccati algorithms

Generalized partitioned solutions of Riccati equations are presented in terms of forward and backward-time differentiations that are theoretically interesting, computationally attractive, as well as they provide important new interpretations of these results. This approach leads also to important generalizations of previous Riccati solutions such as the Chandrasekhar and the partitioned algorithms. Specifically, it is shown that the generalized partitioned solutions may be given in terms of a generalized Chandrasekhar algorithm. These generalizations pertain to arbitrary initial conditions and time-varying models. Furthermore, based on these partitioned solutions, robust and fast algorithms are obtained for the effective numerical solution of Riccati equations. A particularly effective doubling algorithm is also given for calculating the steady-state solution of time-invariant Riccati equations. The partitioned algorithms are given exactly in terms of a set of elemental solutions which are both simple as well as completely decoupled, and as such computable in either a parallel or serial processing mode. Moreover, the overall solution is given by a simple recursive operation on the elemental solutions.
The Gemini Planet Imager Calibration Wavefront Sensor Instrument

The Gemini Planet Imager is an extreme adaptive optics system that will employ an apodized-pupil coronagraph to make direct detections of faint companions of nearby stars to a contrast level of the 10(exp -7) within a few lambda/D of the parent star. Such high contrasts from the ground require exquisite wavefront sensing and control both for the AO system as well as for the coronagraph. Un-sensed non-common path phase and amplitude errors after the wavefront sensor dichroic but before the coronagraph would lead to speckles which would ultimately limit the contrast. The calibration wavefront system for GPI will measure the complex wavefront at the system pupil before the apodizer and provide slow phase corrections to the AO system to mitigate errors that would cause a loss in contrast. The calibration wavefront sensor instrument for GPI has been built. We will describe the instrument and its performance.
Effects of association value of trigrams and ITI on short-term memory

The variables of a 2 by 2 factorial design were association value of trigram stimuli ( 75%) and ITI (6 sec and 60 sec). With 40 Ss per group, both association value and ITI produced highly significant differences in the total number of correct responses. Proactive interference effects over the first three trials were analyzed separately for the high and the low association value items. It was found that increasing ITI reduced PI with the high association value items but not with the low association value items.
Groundwater depletion contributes to sea level rise

Groundwater depletion is contributing substantially to sea level rise and will likely continue to do so over the next several decades, according to a new study by Wada et al. Much of the groundwater extracted for irrigation, drinking, and other uses does not wind up back in the ground but instead evaporates to the atmosphere and then returns to the surface as precipitation, which eventually makes its way to the oceans and leads to sea level rise. The authors reconstructed past groundwater depletion and its contribution to global sea level change and developed new projections for the 21st century based on models. They found that the contribution of groundwater depletion to global sea level increased from 0.035 millimeter per year in 1900 to 0.57 millimeter per year in 2000 and is projected to increase to 0.82 millimeter per year by 2050.
Clinical pharmacokinetics in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Although spinal cord injury is a catastrophic affliction with numerous victims and a variety of physiological manifestations, the associated disarray in physiology has yet to be systematically or comprehensively studied as a probable cause for altered pharmacokinetics.
Alcohol and Substance Use in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: The Role of Siblings

Interpersonal relationships within and outside the family have been a central part of alcohol and substance use research. Many studies have focused on the role of parents and peers; fewer studies have focused on siblings. This article examines siblings’ roles in alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use patterns and trajectories in the context of familial and nonfamilial factors across time. First, intraclass correlations were used to examine the degree to which older siblings’ ATOD use was associated with younger siblings’ ATOD use. Second, hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the degree to which individual, parent, sibling, and peer factors over time were associated with adolescents’ and young adults’ ATOD use. It should be noted that developmentally proximal predictors were utilized in these models and within-family replication was also examined. Results demonstrate strong associations between older and younger siblings’ ATOD use. Moreover, the developmentally proximal sibling v...
Peroxynitrite-Mediated Nitration of Tyrosine and Inactivation of the Catalytic Activity of Cytochrome P450 2B1

The addition of peroxynitrite to purified cytochrome P450 2B1 resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of the NADPH- and reductase-supported or tert-butylhydroperoxide-supported 7-ethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin O-deethylation activity of P450 2B1 with IC50 values of 39 and 210 microM, respectively. After incubation of P450 2B1 with 300 microM peroxynitrite, the heme moiety was not altered, but the apoprotein was modified as shown by HPLC and spectral analysis. Western blot analysis of peroxynitrite-treated P450 2B1 demonstrated the presence of an extensive immunoreactivite band after incubating with anti-nitrotyrosine antibody. However, the immunostaining was completely abolished after coincubation of the anti-nitrotyrosine antibody with 10 mM nitrotyrosine. These results indicated that one or more of the tyrosine residues in P450 2B1 were modified to nitrotyrosines. The decrease in the enzymatic activity correlated with the increase in the extent of tyrosine nitration. Further demonstration of tyrosine nitration was confirmed by GC/MS analysis by using 13C-labeled tyrosine and nitrotyrosine as internal standards; approximately 0.97 mol of nitrotyrosine per mole of P450 2B1 was found after treatment with peroxynitrite. The peroxynitrite-treated P450 2B1 was digested with Lys C, and the resulting peptides were separated by Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The amino acid sequence of the major nitrotyrosine-containing peptide corresponded to a peptide containing amino acid residues 160-225 of P450 2B1, which contains two tyrosine residues. Thus, incubation of P450 2B1 with peroxynitrite resulted in the nitration of tyrosines at either residue 190 or 203 or at both residues of P450 2B1 concomitant with a loss of 2B1-dependent activity.
Is the Allen's test accurate for patients considered for transradial coronary angiography?

As a strong proponent of transradial cardiac catheterization who long ago stopped using the Allen’s test, I read the study by Greenwood et al. ([1][1]) with great interest. As correctly pointed out in the report, no published study of hand ischemia has been reported after transradial procedures
A comparison of fertilizer recommendations by soil testing program and alfalfa yield response in soils of two associations

Abstract Soils of an association may vary in productivity and fertility response because of differences in landscape positions, hydrologic properties, and capacity to retain and release nutrients. These differences may in turn affect the validity of fertilizer recommendations based on soil testing programs. The yield pattern of alfalfa was studied over three years in Gilpin, Ernest, Brinkerton soils of an association developed in residium and colluvium from sandstone and shale parent material (from Brookville, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania), and in the Cambridge ‐ Venango — Frenchtown soils of an association developed in sandstone and shale glacial till (from Meadville, Crawford county, Pennsylvania). Soil test recommendations for F and ? were compared with yield response of alfalfa to increasing application of the respective nutrients (0, 45 and 90 kg P.ha‐1, and 0, 175, 350 and 525 kg K.ha‐1) in each of the six soils. The better drained soils of either association (Gilpin, Ernest, Cambridge, Venango) i...
The physical, biologic, and clinical basis of radiosurgery

Abstract Since Leksell's description of the concept of radiosurgery in 1951, probably more than 20,000 patients worldwide have been treated with this technique. Initially designed as a tool for functonal neurostereotaxis, it has found widespread applicability for conditions as diverse as vascular malformations, benign tumors such as acoustic neuroma, meningioma, pituitary adenoma, and also malignant tumors such as brain metastases and malignant glioma. From rudimentary knowledge of the ability to produce focal necrotic lesions, the biologic understanding of the process of single-fraction, small-volume, high-dose brain radiation has evolved into a multicompartmental model, with reasonable appreciation of the dose, volume, and time factors involved. With the explosion of technology on several fronts in the 1980s and 1990s, a multitude of devices for radiosurgery, ranging from cyclotron-generated particle beams to multisource cobalt-60 units to an immense variety of modified linear accelerators has become available. A parallel explosion of technology in the fields of imaging and computing will ensure that this is just the beginning; already, technologies for automated image segmentation and target identification, long the physician's monopoly, are around the corner; image fusion now allows simultaneous visualization of target and normal tissue anatomy, physiology, and other exciting possibilities such as chemical composition and vascular characteristics. Advances in physics and robotics have led to development of prototypical machines that will blur the distinction between radiosurgery and conformal radiotherapy. Already, several "first generation" devices to free stereotaxis from its fixation to frames are available. Substantial enthusiasm among clinicians has ensured that, unlike many fleetingly and momentarily exciting technologies of the last 2 decades, radiosurgery has made and will continue to make a strong commitment for clinical efficacy, satety, and cost-effectiveness through the process of thorough multiinstitutional clinical trials, as opposed to seeking validation from anecdotal experiences. In this regard, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and the Gamma Knife Users' Group (GKUG) are to be commended; if the plethora of radiosurgery-related publications is evidence of scientific interest, the field will likely continue to expand. In the future, issues pertaining to appropriate regulatory review, patient selection, quality assurance, and training will need to be addressed. Major clinical and biological studies still need to be undertaken.
KN-93 inhibition of G protein signaling is independent of the ability of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II to phosphorylate phospholipase Cβ3 on 537-Ser

Abstract Stimulation of the phospholipase Cβ (PLC) signaling pathway results in intracellular Ca 2+ release and subsequent activation of calmodulin (CaM) and CaM kinase II (CaMK II). KN-93, an inhibitor of CaMK II, reduced the stimulation of phosphatidylinositide (PI) turnover by Gα i -coupled (formyl–Met–Leu–Phe, fMLP) or Gα q -coupled [M1 muscarinic and oxytocin (OT)] receptors. The inhibitory effect of KN-93 was also observed when PLCβ 3 was stimulated directly by Gα q or Gβγ in overexpression assays. CaMK II phosphorylated PLCβ 3 but not PLCβ 1 in vitro. Phosphorylation occurred exclusively on 537 Ser in the X–Y linker region of PLCβ 3 . 537 Ser was also phosphorylated in the basal state in cells and phosphorylation was enhanced by ionomycin treatment. However, mutation of 537 Ser to Glu had no effect on inhibition of Gα q or Gβγ-stimulated PLCβ 3 activity by KN-93. KN-93 also inhibited Gα q -stimulated PLCβ 1 activity, even though this enzyme is not a substrate for CaMK II. These data indicate that phosphorylation of PLCβ 3 by CaMK II is not directly involved in the inhibitory effect of KN-93 on phosphatidylinositide turnover.
Are Open Markets Good for Foreign Investors and Emerging Nations

Although policymakers of emerging nations routinely brand foreign capital as “hot money” and hold it responsible for the ills of their economies, this article suggests that the experience of opening up their markets to overseas investors has been largely beneficial for the host countries. Based on their own recent study, the authors report that when emerging economies open their markets, the level of stock prices tends to rise without an associated increase in volatility, and more capital becomes available for domestic investment at a lower cost. The stock markets also appear to become more efficient, thus resulting in a better allocation of resources. Furthermore, the inflow of foreign capital does not lead to higher inflation or stronger currencies, nor does the volatility of inflation or exchange rates increase. If some countries experience large capital outflows with damaging consequences, the culprit is not foreign investors, but rather policymakers' futile attempt to defy market forces and the failure of their economies to put the capital to productive uses. The authors' analysis also suggests that, when the recent turmoil in emerging markets is set in the context of a longer-run historical perspective, nothing appears to have changed that would materially alter the prospects for investing in emerging markets. The recent market volatility and currency crises in emerging nations are by no means extraordinary—indeed, the currencies of many developing countries fall routinely. What distinguishes the Mexican and Thai currency crises from such run-of-the-mill devaluations is that both governments resisted the inevitable until market forces brought about a crash. The recent emerging market currency crises should accordingly be viewed as more or less predictable “road bumps” that can be expected when the policymakers of emerging economies gradually—and grudgingly—relinquish their power to the markets.
Optimization via simulation with Bayesian statistics and dynamic programming

Bayesian statistics comprises a powerful set of methods for analyzing simulated systems. Combined with dynamic programming and other methods for sequential decision making under uncertainty, Bayesian methods have been used to design algorithms for finding the best of several simulated systems. When the dynamic program can be solved exactly, these algorithms have optimal average-case performance. In other situations, this dynamic programming analysis supports the development of approximate methods with sub-optimal but nevertheless good average-case performance. These methods with good average-case performance are particularly useful when the cost of simulation prevents the use of procedures with worst-case statistical performance guarantees. We provide an overview of Bayesian methods used for selecting the best, providing an in-depth treatment of the simpler case of ranking and selection with independent priors appropriate for smaller-scale problems, and then discussing how these same ideas can be applied to correlated priors appropriate for large-scale problems.
Medium‐density particleboards from rice husks and soybean protein concentrate

Rice husks are a valuable agricultural residue produced worldwide with potential applications as a wood substitute in particleboard manufacturing. In this work, the feasibility of producing medium-density particleboards based on waste rice husks bonded with environmentally friendly adhesives from soybean protein concentrate was analyzed. The mechanical properties, internal bond strength, and water resistance of the obtained panels bonded with the homemade soybean protein concentrate adhesives were compared to those of boards glued with commercial adhesives such as phenol–formaldehyde and urea–formaldehyde resins. An alkaline treatment improved the gluing ability of the soybean protein concentrate. The mechanical properties of the alkali-treated soybean protein concentrate were comparable to those determined for panels with urea–formaldehyde. The lower water resistance of the alkali-treated soybean protein concentrate particleboards, compared with that of the formaldehyde-based resins, was counterbalanced by the advantage of being more environmentally sound, which makes them suitable for applications for which the requirements for water resistance are not stringent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Evaluation of a Separation-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor in a Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Mode of Operation

A fiber-optic sensor that integrates the separation-based selectivity of capillary electrophoresis with the sensitivity afforded by laser-induced fluorescence detection is evaluated. The evaluation involves measurements of neutral analytes that are separated via the micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) variation of capillary electrophoresis. This separation-based fiber-optic sensor (SBFOS) employs a single-reservoir, linear configuration that presents the challenges of overcoming gravity-driven hydrostatic flow and offsetting the effects of trapped gases. Hydrostatic flow resulting from nonlevel positioning of the separation capillary is reduced through the use of a restrictor capillary. MECC separations are performed in a frontal mode of operation using relatively short separation capillaries. Studies involve measuring the magnitude and reproducibility of retention time, efficiency, and signal over applied voltages spanning 2.0−4.0 kV for test mixtures composed of three fluorescently d...
P03-32 Directional persistence in the rewarded alternation model of obsessive-compulsive disorder is responsive to both dopaminergic and serotonergic manipulations

Rationale In the rewarded alternation model of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) increases persistent behaviour, while chronic pretreatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI-fluoxetine) but not benzodiazepine or desipramine abolishes mCPP effects. However, we noted that acute SSRI administration also causes transient persistence increases, counteracted by mCPP pretreatment. Objectives This study a. further explores the apparent cross-tolerance between fluoxetine and mCPP and b. extends the model by investigating its sensitivity to dopaminergic manipulations (D2,3 agonism - quinpirole). Methods In both experiments, baseline and drug testing was carried out under daily T-maze alternation training. Exp.1 Matched group (n=8) pairs of rats received one of the following 20-day pretreatments (daily intraperitoneal administration): 1. saline, 2. low-dose fluoxetine (2.5mg/kg), 3. low-dose mCPP (0.5mg/kg) or 4. combined fluoxetine+mCPP. One group per pretreatment then received a 4-day challenge with high-dose fluoxetine (10mg/kg), the other with high-dose mCPP (2.5mg/kg). Exp.2 One group (n=12) of rats received 20-day treatment with saline, another with quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg). Results ⁡ Exp.1 Saline and low-dose mCPP- or fluoxetine-pretreated animals showed significant persistence increases under both challenges, while combined low-dose fluoxetine+mCPP pretreatment afforded full protection from either challenge. Exp.2 Quinpirole significantly increased directional persistence after 13 administration days. Conclusions These results establish the sensitivity of the rewarded alternation OCD model to D2,3receptor activation, thereby extending its profile of pharmacological isomorphism with OCD. Furthermore, they suggest a common mechanism of action of an SSRI and a serotonin agonist in the control of directional persistence.
Adaptive nulling of oinni-directional blanking channel

An omni-directional blanking channel is used in coiljunction witli a main channel to discriminate between mainlobe siguals and sidelobe interference (often called “repeat-back” signals) masquerading as true signals. When random sidelobe noise is present and repeat-back interference is absent, adaptive nulling can be applied to eliminate the random noise from the main channel. When botli random and repeatback interference are present simultaneously, adaptive nulling must be applied to botli tlie main and blanking channels. Straightforward extension of adaptive nulling techniques to the blanking channel requires many degrees of freedom if narrow nulls and an otherwise omni-directional pattern are to be re alized simultaneously. This paper presents a method capable of discriminating between repeat-back signals and mainlobc signals in the presence of noise interference, using a small number of degrees of freedom.
Inelastic neutron measurement of phonons in graphite-alkali intercalation compounds

Neutron spectroscopic studies of the [001] $L$-phonon branches in graphite-alkali intercalation compounds ${\mathrm{C}}_{x}M$ ($x=8,24,36$; $M$ denotes K, Rb, Cs) have been undertaken. In all cases zone-folding effects as well as frequency gaps at the center and boundary of the Brillouin zone have been observed. The phonon branches of all stages and compounds measured are well described by one-dimensional lattice-dynamical models: The alkali-graphite interplanar interaction is mediated by an electronic shell, while the interior graphite-graphite interaction is represented by Born \char22{} von K\'arm\'an force constants. Sound velocities and elastic constants of the intercalation compounds are derived from the acoustical-phonon branches.
SOUND GENERATED BY A VORTEX INTERACTING WITH A RIB-STIFFENED ELASTIC PLATE

Abstract An analytical investigation is made of the sound produced when a line vortex translates over a parallel, nominally smooth rib-stiffener on a thin elastic plate. This is a canonical fluid-structure interaction that is believed to be an important source of boundary layer generated aircraft interior noise. To eliminate additional complications introduced by mean flow, the vortex motion is assumed to be controlled by its image in the plate. The arrival of the vortex at the rib is preceded by bending wave forerunners which are excited in the plate at that frequency O at which the flexural wave phase velocity is just equal to the vortex translational velocityv. These waves have a group velocity equal to 2v, and extend over a length of plate ahead of the vortex determined by the structural damping. The principal acoustic source is the interaction of this forerunner with the stiffener, and the sound is predominantly of frequency O. The amplitude of the radiation progressively increases to a maximum as the vortex approaches the rib, and subsequently decreases rapidly to zero with passage of the vortex over the rib. Numerical results for the efficiency of sound generation, its directivity, and the acoustic pressure signature, are given for clamped and simply supported conditions at the stiffener for aluminium plates in air.
On fast parallel detection of strongly connected components (SCC) in small-world graphs

Detecting strongly connected components (SCCs) in a directed graph is a fundamental graph analysis algorithm that is used in many science and engineering domains. Traditional approaches in parallel SCC detection, however, show limited performance and poor scaling behavior when applied to large real-world graph instances. In this paper, we investigate the shortcomings of the conventional approach and propose a series of extensions that consider the fundamental properties of real-world graphs, e.g. the small-world property. Our scalable implementation offers excellent performance on diverse, small-world graphs resulting in a 5.01x to 29.41x parallel speedup over the optimal sequential algorithm with 16 cores and 32 hardware threads.
PX-1000: A Solid-State Polarimetric X-Band Weather Radar and Time–Frequency Multiplexed Waveform for Blind Range Mitigation

In this paper, a compact, transportable, and dual-polarization X-band weather radar was developed at the Advanced Radar Research Center of the University of Oklahoma. The radar was designed using a software-defined radio (SDR) approach for waveform versatility. One of the key innovations in this paper is the combination of SDR design and the mitigation of blind range, which is inherent in pulse compression radars, using a time-frequency multiplexed waveform while compression is performed in pure software architecture. Internally, this radar has been referred to as the PX-1000. It is primarily used as a platform for waveform studies and various signal processing techniques, such as pulse compression, polarimetric signal processing, refractivity retrieval, and support of various field campaigns. The radar system has been completed and is operational. It has two identical and independent power amplifiers, one for each polarization. The system also features a 1.2-m parabolic reflector dish with dual-polarization feed, which provides a 1.8 ° beamwidth. A majority of the components are housed above the turntable of an azimuth-over-elevation pedestal. We also took this opportunity to design and develop a new software suite that includes signal processing, system control, and graphical user interface. The raw I/Q time series can be recorded and streamed out of the radar system in real time. In this paper, a detailed description of the radar and some experimental data will be presented.
The Problem of Tuberculosis in the Average Community

Tuberculosis affects every man, woman and child in the community from a medical, public health, or economic standpoint. It is very probable that the following conditions exist today in any community where tuberculosis is not definitely under control: 1) The problem of tuberculosis is not fully appreciated by either the medical profession or the general public. 2) There is a serious lack of effective cooperation and coordination of all agencies dealing with this problem. 3) To bring tuberculosis under control, more money must be spent now in order to save money in later years. According to Dr. H. I. Spector, some of the obstacles in the control of tuberculosis are: 1) A shortage of hospital beds. 2) Late diagnosis. 3) The low financial status of the patient in numberless instances and his unwillingness to stop work. 4) The inability on the part of the general practitioner to recognize the disease in its early stage. 5) Our failure to rehabilitate the arrested case economically. The four major activities in any campaign against tuberculosis are: Education, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation. The public must be constantly and increasingly educated as to the dangers and contagiousness of tuberculosis. Physicians and public officials must be educated as to the part they can play in the control of the disease. We should strive for earlier diagnoses and immediate hospitalization. Rehabilitation, along with education, has been sadly neglected. On this question, our facilities are shamefully inadequate. Tuberculosis can be eradicated. However, it calls for a sizeable expenditure and herein lies our greatest handicap. Education with regulation, if necessary, offers our best approach in tuberculosis control. Indifference, not opposition, is the greatest enemy of progress.
Coastal Upwelling Viewed as a Stochastic Phenomenon

Abstract Four years of winds from the northeastern Pacific are used to drive a reduced-gravity ocean model which includes a high-resolution eastern coastal zone that span 17° longitude and 30° latitude. Spectra of the alongshore velocity and interface height, measured in the coastal zone, are red to 100-day periods. At periods less than 50 days, 1) the circulation is strongly trapped within a radius of deformation of the coast and 2) the alongshore current is well correlated with the alongshore wind stress. At periods longer than 50 days, wind-stress curl becomes important. The alongshore pressure gradient becomes well correlated with the alongshore wind stress. Much of the ocean variability is at periods longer than 10 days. At periods longer than 100 days the alongshore currents begin to weaken and disperse away from the eastern boundary in a series of jets alternating northward and southward.
On Fisher Information Reduction for Range-Only Localization with Imperfect Detection

The work presented here concentrates on target localization with range measurements under imperfect detection, where the localization Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived. We integrate the bandwidth into the CRLB and show that the Fisher information loss ratio due to imperfect detection is, perhaps surprisingly, bandwidth invariant. More expected but hitherto unproven, we show, analytically, that the information loss ratio is less than the probability of detection.
Comparison of bladder cancer outcome in men undergoing hematuria home screening versus those with standard clinical presentations.

Objectives Because repetitive hematuria home screening with a chemical reagent strip can detect early stage bladder cancer (BC) in asymptomatic middle-aged and elderly men, the ability of this screening to effect earlier detection and reduce BC mortality was investigated.
A planarity algorithm based on the Kuratowski theorem

In the layout of integrated circuits and printed circuits, one often wants to know if a particular electrical network is planar, i.e., can be imbedded in the plane without having any line crossing another line. Our algorithm, when given a finite graph G can decide if G is planar. The algorithm was implemented in Fortran together with the Cycle Generation Algorithm for Finite Undirected Linear Graphs of Gibbs and used extensively to test the planarity of a large number of graphs. The distinguishing characteristic of this algorithm is its conceptual simplicity and its ease of implementation on a computer. The computer program took but a few days to write and debug.
Utility of late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MRI (LGE-CMRI) in troponin-positive chest pain with unobstructed coronary arteries

Background A surprising proportion of troponinpositive chest pain patients referred for contrast coronary angiography exhibit no or minor coronary arterial luminal narrowings at the time of presentation. We assessed whether the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) during cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) forecasts adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in patient presenting with serum troponin elevations and chest pain but without obstructive coronary artery disease during contrast coronary angiography.
Closed interlocking nailing of femoral shaft fractures: Assessment of technical complications and functional outcomes by comparison of a prospective database with retrospective review

Although closed interlocking femoral nailing is generally considered to be a difficult but effective procedure, the true incidence of technical complications has not been well documented. Similarly, long-term and functional patient-oriented data are limited. We reviewed our experience with an interlocking nail system that was introduced in our institution in October 1987. One hundred and twenty-three patients were retrospectively reviewed with particular attention to technical complications (Group I). A second group of 144 patients with femoral shaft fractures were reviewed prospectively as a part of our Orthopaedic Trauma Outcome Database (Group IIA). In the earlier retrospective group, the technical complications in 123 cases included one distal screw fracture, one broken drill bit left (in situ), one "missed" locking distal screw, and three cases where comminution at the fracture site was increased. In the prospective group of 144 fractures, the technical complications included two "missed" distal locking screws, two broken screws, and one bent nail due to additional secondary trauma. In a third group of 56 patients (Group IIB) selected from Group IIA, an abbreviated functional assessment was performed at a minimum of 12 months postinjury. Of this group, 37% of the patients had pain that was described as related to barometric changes and was either constant or activity related; 39% had some limitation in ability to ambulate or stand. Nine percent had to obtain new employment or seek job modifications. Based on our data we conclude that closed intramedullary nailing can be done at a Level I Trauma Center with relatively few technical complications, but the functional outcomes are not as good as had been previously believed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonsmooth approximate maximum principle in optimal control

In this paper we investigate stability of the Pontryagin maximum principle with respect to time discretization for optimal control problems with convex cost function and endpoint constraints. A generalization of the so-called approximate maximum principle from smooth to nonsmooth systems is obtained.
Potential of a positive test charge in germanium application to hydrogen

Abstract We present a potential map for a positive test charge in germanium. The contributions from the nuclei, the core charges, and the valence charges are considered. In this calculation a Born-Oppenheimer approximation is made and the response of the valence electrons to the presence of a positive charge is treated within the linear response theory. The relevance of our calculation to the problem of the hydrogen atom in germanium is discussed.
Effects of diets of different protein content on food consumption, gut retention, protein conversion, and growth of Cebidichthys violaceus (Girard), an herbivorous fish of temperate zone marine waters

Abstract Laboratory feeding trials provided the first evidence that a temperate zone fish can grow on a seaweed diet. When the stichaeid fish Cebidichthys violaceus (Girard) was fed for 12 wk on a pelleted seaweed-only diet representing its natural summer diet (10% protein) and on the food modified to make lower (7%) and higher (19%) protein diets, the fish grew on all three but more rapidly on the two higher protein regimens. Maintenance requirements for food and protein of C. violaceus were strikingly low compared to values reported for other fishes. Gut retention times were significantly shorter for fish on the lower protein diet, yet fish consumed equal amounts of energy on the three diets, suggesting that C. violaceus feeds to meet an energy requirement. Nevertheless, the fish converted food protein to body protein with the same efficiency on all three diets and with equal or greater efficiency than those that have been reported for carnivorous fishes.
Potential Glucosamine‐Warfarin Interaction Resulting in Increased International Normalized Ratio: Case Report and Review of the Literature and MedWatch Database

We describe a 71-year-old man who had received warfarin 7.5 mg/day for 5 years for atrial fibrillation, which had maintained his international normalized ratio (INR) within a narrow range of 2.5-3.2. During this 5-year period, he had also been treating himself with the supplement glucosamine hydrochloride 500 mg-chondroitin sulfate 400 mg twice/day for arthritis. The patient then increased his dosage of glucosamine to 1500 mg and chondroitin to 1200 mg twice/day; his INR previous to this change was 2.3. Approximately 3 weeks later, his INR increased to 3.9. His supplement dosage was reduced to glucosamine 750 mg-chondroitin 600 mg/day; a repeat INR done 16 days later was 4.7. The supplement was then stopped, and his warfarin schedule was changed to 7.5 mg every other day alternating with 3.75 mg every other day. Sixteen days later, his INR was 2.6. This case report suggests that a potential interaction exists between warfarin and glucosamine that is associated with an increase in the INR. We therefore performed a pharmacovigilance survey of spontaneously reported adverse events in warfarin-treated patients concomitantly exposed to glucosamine, glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate, or chondroitin sulfate and present a literature review of this apparent drug-drug interaction. Using the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) MedWatch database, 20 reports of glucosamine or glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate use with warfarin associated with altered coagulation (manifested by increased INR, or increased bleeding or bruising) were identified. In some cases, a decrease in the supplement dosage was followed by a return of the INR to the previous therapeutic range. Similarly, a decrease in warfarin dosage was followed by a decrease in INR in one patient who received long-term warfarin therapy. One report described an intraventricular bleed and subdural hematoma, which resulted in a persistent vegetative state. The World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reactions database documented 21 spontaneous reports of increased INR associated with glucosamine use, 17 of which resolved when glucosamine was stopped. We located one published case report of concomitant use of glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate potentiating the effect of warfarin. In aggregate, the reports from the FDA and WHO, the published case report, and our case report suggest that the use of warfarin and glucosamine may lead to an increased INR. Patients should be advised that the use of the two products may cause an increase in INR, and they should inform their health care provider if they consume glucosamine. More information is necessary to define this interaction.
OUTCOMES IN SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA: MORTALITY AND READMISSIONS

Little is known about the effect of a low platelet count (PC) on mortality of patients (pts) with systolic heart failure (SHF). The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of thrombocytopenia (TMPA) in SHF pts by assessing all-cause mortality and hospital readmission rates. 2705 SHF
Long-term effects of water-soluble fractions of Kuwait crude oil on the larval and juvenile development of the mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus

Larvae of the mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith) were reared in various concentrations of the water-soluble fraction of Kuwait crude oil. The 48-h TLm (median tolerance limit) for Zoea Stage I was approximately 10 ppm total dissolved hydrocarbons and that for Zoea Stage II approximately 17 ppm. Chronic toxicity of more dilute solutions (4.3 and 8.7 ppm) was assessed independently for each larval stage and for subsequent developmental stages through Crab Stage 5. In the group continuously exposed to oil from hatching, there was differential mortality relative to controls in every larval stage and increased duration of intermolt periods was observed at every stage through Crab Stage 5. Mortality in groups not exposed until larvae had reached Zoea Stages III or IV was not greater than controls, suggesting that toxicity to advanced larval stages may be related to accumulation of toxic compounds by the larvae. Neither concentration (4.3 or 8.7 ppm) of crude oil caused increased mortality among juvenile crab stages regardless of the time of initial exposure. Increased occurrence of an extra and morphologically abnormal megalopa stage was associated with exposure to the crude oil. This has not been reported before.
Demonstration of exogenous genital reinfection with herpes simplex virus type 2 by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of viral DNA.

Analyses of 17 coded isolates of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) from genital and perigenital lesions of eight patients showed that recrudescent lesions could be the consequence of exogenous infection. The experimental design was based on earlier observations that no two epidemiologically unrelated isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 or HSV-2 were identical as determined by the fingerprinting of viral DNAs with restriction endonucleases-enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites. After 32P-labeled DNAs were extracted from infected cells, cleaved with restriction endonucleases (KpnI, HsuI, EcoRI, or BglII), and subjected to electrophoresis in agarose gels, analyses of DNA fragment patterns established that each member of seven pairs of isolates was identical to the other member but different from the isolates in other pairs. After the code was broken, it was found that of the remaining three isolates, two were successive isolates from one patient and one was a third, nonidentical isolate from a different patient. Thus, one patient yielded three isolates, of which the first two were identical and the third was different. A second patient yielded one isolate that contained one strain of HSV-2 and a second isolate that contained the original strain of HSV-2 and another, genetically distinct strain of virus. Thus, infection with HSV-2 in the same or nearby site can occur in the face of a prior infection with a genetically different strain of the same serotype.
Entropy-minimizing mechanism for differential privacy of discrete-time linear feedback systems

The concept of differential privacy stems from the study of private query of datasets. In this work, we apply this concept to metric spaces to study a mechanism that randomizes a deterministic query by adding mean-zero noise to keep differential privacy. For one-shot queries, we show that ∈-differential privacy of an n-dimensional input implies a lower bound n − n ln(∈/2) on the entropy of the randomized output, and this lower bound is achieved by adding Laplacian noise. We then consider the ∈-differential privacy of a discrete-time linear feedback system in which noise is added to the system output at each time. The adversary estimates the system states from the output history. We show that, to keep the system ∈-differentially private, the output entropy is bounded below, and this lower bound is achieves by an explicit mechanism.
Metastases from testicular carcinoma Study of 78 autopsied cases

Abstract The necropsy records of 78 patients with histologically proved germ cell tumors of the testis, who died as a direct result of their malignant disease, were reviewed to determine the usual modes of spread, distribution of metastasis, the histologic characteristics of the metastatic foci as compared with the morphology of the primary tumor and the specific cause of death. The sites of metastases in order of decreasing frequency for all cases were lung, retroperitoneal lymph nodes, liver, mediastinal lymph nodes, brain, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, bones, adrenals, peritoneum, and spleen. The absence of metastases solely in the anterior mediastinum without involvement of other mediastinal nodes (middlelposterior) strongly supports the premise for a primary extragonadal origin whenever the anterior mediastinum alone is involved with malignant disease having the histologic appearance of a primary germ cell tumor. The histologic features of the metastatic lesions were usually similar in nature to those of the primary tumor except for seminoma in which the metastatic lesions proved to be of a different histologic pattern in almost one third of the patients dying from the disease. It should be axiomatic that whenever a patient with seminoma fails to respond appropriately to radiotherapy thet his treatment be immediately discontinued and that appropriate biopsies be obtained to substantiate the histologic pattern present.
Electromagnetic acceleration of neutrons.

We note that the neutron spin must be treated as an intrinsically quantum variable when determining electromagnetically induced phase shifts in neutron interferometry by computing the otherwise-classical action over the classical orbit. We show that a putative acceleration of the neutron (γ/mc)Ex(μxB), recently suggested by Anandan, is essentially unobservable in such measurements over segments of the orbit where the electric 'and magnetic fields are constant (or vary slowly), within standard electroweak theory
Leachate migration from spent mushroom substrate through intact and repacked subsurface soil columns.

Abstract Field weathering of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) produces soluble compost leachate that percolates into underlying soils and may adversely impact groundwater. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate movement and retention of SMS leachate solutes in subsurface soil columns. Spent mushroom substrate leachate with high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic salts was passively loaded to intact and repacked columns of Bt1 soil (fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults) and effluents were monitored for changes in chemical composition. Transport of SMS leachate in undisturbed soil cores was mainly via preferential flow, whereas matrix flow was predominant in repacked soil columns. Leachate DOM and phosphate were sorbed by soil minerals while Cl−, SO 4 2 - , Na+ and NH 4 + were eluted. Leachate K+ displaced exchangeable native cations and was retained. Biodegradation of leachate DOM resulted in reduction and elution of soil Mn and Fe, especially in repacked columns. Persistent anoxia also inhibited nitrification. Precipitation of gypsum and CaCO3 blocked preferential flow channels, and movement of SMS leachate was subsequently reduced. The results demonstrate that SMS leachate migrates via rapid preferential flow initially, followed by matrix flow at a lower rate. Leachate solutes may transport to depth in soil profiles through preferential channels. To protect water resources, weathering of deep SMS piles should be conducted on compact surfaces or in fields with a condensed soil layer (no structural cracks) above the groundwater table, and measures controlling leachate runoff be imposed.