cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: An Integrated Approach

Abdominal wall reconstruction has undergone substantial evolution over the last few decades. The optimal method of repair should be tailored to each patient's unique condition; however, a general approach that integrates four major factors can be applied as a conceptual framework to most clinical scenarios. Major factors to be considered include selection of mesh material, mesh inset position and technique, selective component separation, and management of soft tissue. These topics are inextricably intertwined in the sense that each can have specific implications, and in some cases, a determinative impact on the other decisions. When the relationship among these four factors is appreciated and applied to patient management, the reconstructive surgeon can achieve consistent outcomes that reflect skill, experience, and understanding.
Bed bug education for school, childcare center, and healthcare workers: Traditional versus webinar venues

AbstractTo protect the health and well-being of children and clients, workers in schools, childcare centers, and the healthcare industry need regular, state-of-the-art education on bed bug avoidanc...
Cosmopolitan Practices: Grieg, Grainger, and the Search for a Musical Analogue

Having explored how Grieg embraced cosmopolitanism as a set of ideas and practices, this chapter focuses on the role that Percy Grainger played in recognizing these functions during a period when few others would. Their similar processes of blurring boundaries—stylistically, ideologically, and socially—became the foundation for a significant bond that shaped Granger’s career well into the twentieth century. By paying special attention to the explicit link between harmonic language and the spectrum of modernisms for which their works became a catalyst, this chapter seeks to challenge prevailing national narratives and reorient their legacies by offering a more accurate assessment of their multidimensional cosmopolitan style. It also demonstrates the various ways in which Grieg became part of Grainger’s prized network of Nordic artists that included writers past and present—the very figures who would eventually accompany Grainger throughout a darker turn in his cosmopolitan imagination after 1920.
Speaker Characteristics

In this chapter, we give a brief introduction to speech-driven applications in order to motivate whyit is desirable to automatically recognize particular speaker characteristics from speech. Starting from these applications, we derive whatkind of characteristics might be useful. After categorizing relevant speaker characteristics, we describe in more detail language, accent, dialect, idiolect, and sociolect. Next, we briefly summarize classification approaches to illustrate howthese characteristics can be recognized automatically, and conclude with a practical example of a system implementation that performs well on the classification of various speaker characteristics.
Idearios de género para la modernidad limeña finisecular en dos cuentos de Clorinda Matto de Turner

Al conjugar parte de la extensa bibliografia sobre la produccion lite raria de Clorinda Matto de Turner con un marco ideologico feminista, este articulo examina el ideario de genero que se construye con relacion a la modernidad, a las politicas de genero y a los imaginarios nacionales en dos de sus cuentos: “Palida!... pero es ella...! Novela homeopatica con pretensiones espiritistas” y “Amor de redondel. Cuento a modo de novela”. Dicho ideario, superficialmente, presenta inestabilidades y contradicciones. Sin embargo, es a traves de estas aparentes contradicciones que Matto de Turner pudo gestionar su ideario de reforma de politicas de genero y de refundacion nacional sin aparentemente alterar la norma hegemonica.
California Adds Human Trafficking Prevention Training to Its 7-12 Grade Curriculum: Should Other States Follow?.

In 2017 the California Legislature, recognizing the efficacy of education as a trafficking prevention tool, enacted the first state law in the Union mandating anti-trafficking education in the 7th ...
HIV-1 Transcription Inhibitor 1E7-03 Restores LPS-Induced Alteration of Lung Leukocytes’ Infiltration Dynamics and Resolves Inflammation in HIV Transgenic Mice

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals treated with anti-retroviral therapy often develop chronic non-infectious lung disease. To determine the mechanism of HIV-1-associated lung disease we evaluated the dynamics of lung leukocytes in HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) mice with integrated HIV-1 provirus. In HIV-Tg mice, lipopolysacharide (LPS) induced significantly higher levels of neutrophil infiltration in the lungs compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In WT mice, the initial neutrophil infiltration was followed by macrophage infiltration and fast resolution of leukocytes infiltration. In HIV-Tg mice, resolution of lung infiltration by both neutrophils and macrophages was significantly delayed, with macrophages accumulating in the lumen of lung capillaries resulting in a 45% higher rate of mortality. Trans-endothelial migration of HIV-Tg macrophages was significantly reduced in vitro and this reduction correlated with lower HIV-1 gene expression. HIV-1 transcription inhibitor, 1E7-03, enhanced trans-endothelial migration of HIV-Tg macrophages in vitro, decreased lung neutrophil infiltration in vivo, and increased lung macrophage levels in HIV-Tg mice. Moreover, 1E7-03 reduced levels of inflammatory IL-6 cytokine, improved bleeding score and decreased lung injury. Together this indicates that inhibitors of HIV-1 transcription can correct abnormal dynamics of leukocyte infiltration in HIV-Tg, pointing to the utility of transcription inhibition in the treatment of HIV-1 associated chronic lung disease.
High-speed Graded-channel GaN HEMTs with Linearity and Efficiency

We report high-speed graded-channel GaN HEMTs with 10 dB OIP3 improvement over current conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMTs at the same DC power. Thus, the graded-channel GaN HEMTs demonstrated a record OIP3/Pdc of 17 - 20 dB at 30 GHz. Also, these graded-channel GaN HEMTs demonstrated PAE of 75 % at 1.2 W/mm output power density. The measured PAE and output power density show great improvement over reported PAE of other mm-wave T-gated AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices.
Examining the Relationship between EEG Dynamics and Emotion Ratings during Video Watching using Adaptive Mixture Independent Component Analysis

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition has advanced the field in affective computing and has enabled applications in human-computer interactions. Despite significant progress has been made in decoding emotion using supervised machine-learning methods, few studies applied data-driven, unsupervised approaches to explore the underlying EEG dynamics during an emotion experiment and examine how such dynamics correlate with subjective reports of emotion. This study employs the adaptive mixture independent component analysis (AMICA), an unsupervised approach, to EEG data from the DEAP dataset where 32 subjects watched emotional videos. Empirical results showed that AMICA could learn distinct models that separated EEG date collected in the emotion experiment. The identified changes in EEG patterns were weakly-correlated with the four reported emotion scales, indicating the underlying EEG dynamics partially reflected the emotional activities as well as the emotion-irrelevant brain dynamics. Further, the correlations between EEG dynamics and individuals’ subjective emotional ratings were significantly higher than those between the EEG and the average ratings from online raters. Finally, building an emotion-decoding model based on the EEG dynamics revealed a significantly better classification performance for valence ratings compared to arousal. This study demonstrated the use of AMICA in characterizing the EEG dynamics in emotion experiments and provided insight into the relationship between EEG and the reported emotional experiences. The unsupervised learning approach can be applied to studying emotion and other confounding factors such as emotion irrelevant EEG artifacts, thereby improving the performance of emotion decoding for EEG-based affective computing.
Lack of association between acute stroke, post-stroke dementia, race, and β-amyloid status.

Abstract Introduction Stroke and Alzheimer disease share risk factors and often co-occur, and both have been reported to have a higher prevalence in African Americans as compared to non-Hispanic whites. However, their interaction has not been established. The objective of this study was to determine if preclinical Alzheimer disease is a risk factor for stroke and post-stroke dementia and whether racial differences moderate this relationship. Methods This case-control study was analyzed in 2019 using retrospective data from 2007-2013. Participants were adults age 65 and older with and without acute ischemic stroke. Recruitment included word of mouth and referrals in Saint Louis, MO, with stroke participants recruited from acutely hospitalized patients and non-stroke participants from community living older adults who were research volunteers. Our assessment included radiologic reads of infarcts, microbleeds, and white matter hyperintensitites (WMH); a Pittsburgh Compound B PET measure of cortical β-amyloid binding; quantitative measures of hippocampal and WMH volume; longitudinal Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores; and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 1 year post-stroke. Results A total of 243 participants were enrolled, 81 of which had a recent ischemic stroke. Participants had a mean age of 75, 57% were women, and 52% were African American. Cortical amyloid did not differ significantly by race, stroke status, or CDR post-stroke. There were racial differences in MMSE scores at baseline (mean 26.8 for African Americans, 27.9 for non-Hispanic whites, p = 0.03), but not longitudinally. African Americans were more likely to have microbleeds (32.8% vs 22.6%, p = 0.04), and within the acute stroke group, African Americans were more likely to have small infarcts (75.6% vs 56.8%, p = 0.049). Conclusion Preclinical Alzheimer disease did not show evidence of being a risk factor for stroke nor predictive of post-stroke dementia. We did not observe racial differences in β-amyloid levels. However, even after controlling for several vascular risk factors, African Americans with clinical stroke presentations had greater levels of vascular pathology on MRI.
Molecular Ancillary Techniques

In the setting of ambiguous melanocytic proliferations, the utility of ancillary molecular techniques is still controversial. Currently ancillary techniques such as comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization cannot replace conventional microscopy. Detailed morphological evaluation of the lesion remains paramount in the diagnosis of the overwhelming majority of pigmented lesions.
Problems in Building Computer Models for Photosynthesis and Respiration

We present a set of differential equations that tie together changes in dry weight, photosynthesis, and respiration in the plant, and which follow the status of the carbohydrate reserve. We discuss some of our efforts to measure components of these equations, emphasizing difficulties in estimating gross photosynthesis. We need quantitative estimates of respiration in the light caused by the accumulation of photosynthate, to add to measurements of net CO2 exchange. Also needed are quantitative estimates of reductant produced and used in metabolism not associated with respiration or the carbon balance. The role of photorespiration is still confusing.
An Untold Story: The Important Contributions of Muslim Scholars for the Discovery of Human Anatomy and the History of Evolutionary Thinking

Evolutionary and anatomical textbooks tend to completely neglect, or include just a few pages about, the contributions of Muslim scholars for the discovery of human anatomy and particularly for the history of evolutionary thinking. This negligence is the result of complex historical biases, has profound implications, creates several misconceptions, and does not allow the general public and teachers, students and researchers to fully understand the true history of anatomical and evolutionary discovery. In an original project done at one of the most historical US universities - Howard - involving graduate students, faculty members, and their colleagues from other institutions, we did an extensive literature review of ancient texts written in various languages, particularly before Vesalius (about human anatomy) and Darwin (about evolutionary thinking), as well as of the few more recent reviews on the subject. Here we present, for the first time, the outcome of this review and discuss some of the Muslim schol...
Studies on the mechanism of action of calciferol. II. Effects of the polyene antibiotic, filipin, on vitamin D-mediated calcium transport.

Abstract Intestinal transport or flux, J, of calcium was studied from both the mucosal to serosal sides and from the serosal to mucosal sides in ileal tissue obtained from vitamin D-treated (+D) and -deficient (-D) chicks. It was found that intestinal calcium transport in the +D ileum was an active, cation-oriented process, while calcium was not actively transported in the -D chick. Other parameters which are obligatorily associated with the +D calcium transport system are (a) sensitivity to cold, (b) inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide, and (c) an effective calcium carrier at the microvilli side of the cell. The polyene antibiotic, filipin, was found to be a specific tool with which to study calcium transport in vitro in a -D ileum. Filipin, at concentrations of 10 µg per ml (approximately 1.7 x 10-5 m), stimulates the calcium flux, Jms, of -D ileal tissue by 150 to 200%, but has little or no stimulatory effect on Jms of +D ileal tissue. The effect of filipin is specific for calcium as compared to Rb+, sulfate, phosphate, serine, thiourea, and water. The incubation of filipin in vitro with -D ileal tissue mimicked many aspects of dietary vitamin D administration. Filipin when placed in the solution bathing only the microvilli side of the intestinal cell (a) induces an active translocation of calcium against an electrochemical gradient; (b) confers the property of cold sensitivity on the increased Jms flux; (c) confers sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide on the increased Jms flux; (d) interacts with the membrane-bound carrier on the microvilli side of the cell to effect an increased uptake of calcium into the cell; and (e) binds more rapidly to intact ileal segments obtained from -D compared to +D chicks. Filipin was shown not to be an ionophoretic compound for calcium, so that the enhanced calcium translocation cannot be ascribed to a direct interaction of filipin and calcium. The sum of this and other evidence suggests that filipin is apparently able to effect a structural reorganization of the -D microvilli membrane so that a previously inactive calcium transport system becomes active. The consequences of this direct filipin-mediated reorganization are remarkably similar to the indirect actinomycin D-sensitive effects brought about by dietary vitamin D administration. A plausible hypothesis for the mechanism of action of vitamin D is that its administration to a vitamin D-deficient animal may cause a structural reorganization of the microvilli or brush border membrane by a process of induction of the synthesis de novo of proteins which are active in either a catalytic or structural role in the mucosal brush border membrane to effect efficient translocation of calcium.
(Mis)use of State Law in Bankruptcy: The Hanging Paragraph Story

This article addresses the use of state law in bankruptcy in the context of the controversial “hanging paragraph” of the Bankruptcy Code, which was added to the Code by the 2005 amendments. The hanging paragraph appears to grant undersecured car lenders full payment in Chapter 13 bankruptcy cases, treatment that gives such lenders better treatment than other secured lenders. The provision is particularly controversial when applied to negative equity financing. Negative equity financing is provided by lenders when a car buyer offers a trade-in vehicle that is worth less than the outstanding loan that it secures. When a lender makes a negative equity loan, it is undersecured on the day the loan is made.Whether a negative equity loan is entitled to full payment under the hanging paragraph turns on the definition of “purchase money security interest,” a term that is used but not defined in the Bankruptcy Code. The majority of all courts that have addressed the issue, as well as all nine of the Circuit Courts of Appeal that have done so, considered the term to be defined by state law, relying on a 1979 Supreme Court case, Butner v. United States. In this Article, I explain why state law should not define the term purchase money security interest for hanging paragraph purposes.To do so, I propose a framework for analysis that is based on the difference between bankruptcy entry rights and bankruptcy exit rights to show that an analysis that relies only on Butner to determine the appropriate use of state law in bankruptcy is incomplete. This entry/exit framework requires a detailed examination of the package of rights inherent in any property interest in order to determine whether that right is one that bankruptcy policy should respect. I then explain that because a purchase money security interest in a consumer good (such as a car subject to the hanging paragraph) refers only to a bankruptcy exit right, it should be defined according to federal law, following another 1979 Supreme Court case, United States v. Kimbell Foods. I conclude by proposing a bankruptcy policy-based definition of purchase money security interest for hanging paragraph purposes.
Di n-octyl phosphinic acid as a selective extractant for metallic cations: Selected M(III) and M(VI) tracer studies

Abstract Hydrogen ion dependencies and extractant dependencies of M(III) elements represented by Ce 3+ , Eu 3+ , Tm 3+ , Yb 3+ , Y 3+ , Am 3+ and Cm 3+ and of an M(VI) element, UO 2 2+ , into a benzene solution of di n-octyl phosphinic acid, ( n -C 8 H 17 ) 2 PO(OH), H[DOP], from an aqueous acidic chloride medium have been determined radiometrically. The observed stoichiometries are represented as: M A +3 + 2·5(HY) 2 0 ⇌ MY(HY 2 ) 2 0 + 3H A + UO 2 A +2 + 2(HY) 2 0 ⇌ UO 2 (HY 2 ) 2 0 + 2H A + where the subscripts A and O refer, respectively, to the mutually equilibrated aqueous and organic phases and (HY) 2 represents the dimeric form of H[DOP]. Values of K s , defined by the expressions: K s = K [H + ] 3 / F 2.5 , for M(III) K s = K [H + ] 2 / F 2 , for U (VI) where [H + ] is the molar hydrogen ion concentration in the aqueous phase, F is the formal concentration of extractant in the organic phase and K is the observed distribution ratio of the metal are reported for the above elements from an aqueous phase 1·0 M in (NaCl + HCl). Comparison of the K s values of Pm(III), Cm(III) and U(VI) in systems involving di n-octyl phosphinic acid, (n-octyl) 2 PO(OH), H[DOP]; 2-ethyl hexyl 2 ethyl hexyl hydrogen phosphonate, (2-ethyl hexyl 0) (2-ethyl hexyl)PO(OH), HEH[EHP]; and di 2-ethyl phosphoric acid, (20-ethyl hexyl 0) 2 PO(OH), HDEHP, have been made. A plot of log K vs. Z , in a study involving all of the lanthanides (III) except Gd, shows a slight odd-even effect, the even Z elements lying above a straight line which acceptably represents the the odd- Z elements. It is tentatively concluded that in the series: (GO) 2 PO(OH), (GO)(G)PO(OH) if G remains fixed the extraction of U(VI) increases slightly to the right while that of the M(III) elements considered decreased markedly.
WE-F-201-02: Review TG-186 and WGMBDCA Guidelines, Commission Process, and Dosimetry Benchmarks

With the recent introduction of heterogeneity correction algorithms for brachytherapy, the AAPM community is still unclear on how to commission and implement these into clinical practice. The recently-published AAPM TG-186 report discusses important issues for clinical implementation of these algorithms. A charge of the AAPM-ESTRO-ABG Working Group on MBDCA in Brachytherapy (WGMBDCA) is the development of a set of well-defined test case plans, available as references in the software commissioning process to be performed by clinical end-users. In this practical medical physics course, specific examples on how to perform the commissioning process are presented, as well as descriptions of the clinical impact from recent literature reporting comparisons of TG-43 and heterogeneity-based dosimetry. Learning Objectives: 1. Identify key clinical applications needing advanced dose calculation in brachytherapy. 2. Review TG-186 and WGMBDCA guidelines, commission process, and dosimetry benchmarks. 3. Evaluate clinical cases using commercially available systems and compare to TG-43 dosimetry
Adaptive dynamic neural network estimators

The problem of state estimation for linear or nonlinear models with unknown parameters is very important in many engineering problems. In this paper the solution to the problem of adaptive estimation for unknown state variable or chaotic models through the use of adaptive dynamic neural estimators is proposed. The proposed adaptive neural estimators are developed and their advantages are discussed. Extensive computer simulations of the application or the proposed adaptive neural estimator to state estimation as well as chaotic series prediction illustrate the effectiveness of the adaptive neural solution. >
Microwave radiation measurements near the electron plasma frequency of the NASA Lewis bumpy torus plasma

Microwave emission near the electron plasma frequency was observed, and its relation to the average electron density and the dc toroidal magnetic field was examined. The emission was detected using a spectrum analyzer and a 50 omega miniature coaxial probe. The radiation appeared as a broad amplitude peak that shifted in frequency as the plasma parameters were varied. The observed radiation scanned an average plasma density ranging from 10 million/cu cm to 8 hundred million/cu cm. A linear relation was observed betweeen the density calculated from the emission frequency and the average plasma density measured with a microwave interferometer. With the aid of a relative density profile measurement of the plasma, it was determined that the emissions occurred from the outer periphery of the plasma.
Improving Shuttle Ridership Using Intelligent Transportation System Technologies: National Park Case Study

In Arizona, the Grand Canyon National Park's south rim experiences severe traffic and parking congestion during the summer. To alleviate the issues, a free pilot shuttle route was operated between the gateway community of Tusayan and the park's information plaza during the 2008 summer season. During the pilot program, a traveler information system consisting of a portable dynamic message sign and highway advisory radio was implemented along Route 64 with the intent to increase shuttle ridership. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the intelligent transportation system on shuttle ridership. Data were collected during the pilot program, before and after the implementation of this system. Different analysis methods including multiple linear regression, backpropagation neural network, and support vector regression were applied for analysis. The results found that the support vector regression method performed best in modeling shuttle ridership and associated explanatory variables (traffic...
Ancylostoma caninum anticoagulant peptide: cloning by PCR and expression of soluble, active protein in E. coli

Ancylostoma caninum Anticoagulant Peptide (AcAP) is the major anticoagulant activity present in extracts of adult Ancylostoma caninum hookworms. This 8.7 kDa protein is a potent and specific inhibitor of human coagulation factor Xa. Using PCR, we have isolated a cDNA encoding for AcAP from an adult A. caninum cDNA library. The 5' end of the AcAP cDNA was identified by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using A. caninum cDNA and a 5' primer corresponding to a nematode spliced leader sequence. The AcAP cDNA was expressed in E. coli using a prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant fusion protein (rAcAP) was purified to homogeneity using nickel resin affinity chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. Purified rAcAP is comparable to the native protein in inhibitor activity, with an apparent equilibrium inhibitory dissociation constant (Ki*) for the inhibition of factor Xa of 265 +/- 71 pM. The purified protein also prolongs the prothrombin and partial thromboplastic times of human plasma in a dose dependent manner.
Between heaven and earth: Field observations relating to counterinsurgency in tribalized rural Muslim environments

I analyze tribalized rural Muslim environments (TRMEs), such as in rural Afghanistan or Iraq, to frame the challenges posed to national and international efforts in TRMEs. Since the population in TRMEs has limited contact with the wider world, Islam is easily invoked and interpreted in a way that will suit the needs of the tribal order. Tribal leaders traditionally blended Islam with tribal codes to serve as a source of justification to the people in order to maintain the tribal order. Currently, the fundamental problem in TRMEs is the disruption of this delicate coexistence of tribal leaders with Islamic leaders due to the introduction of alien dynamics associated with the rise of warlords and radical Islamic networks – competitors who feed each other in destroying the old tribal order.
Disentanglement at an Ideal Quantum Logic Gate

The operation of an elementary quantum “Control-NOT” logic gate is closely examined. We show that, since the external driving system forms an effective measurement of the quantum superposition, disentanglement occurs inevitably.
Testing the hypothesized effect of dysgenic fertility on intelligence with existing reaction time data: A comment on Woodley, te Nijenhuis, and Murphy (2013)

Abstract Dysgenic fertility has supposedly resulted in a decline in general intelligence (g) over time. In light of evidence that simple visual reaction time (RT) is inversely related to IQ, Woodley et al. (2013) tested the hypothesized dysgenic effect by subjecting to a meta-regression simple visual RT data collected over 100 years in 15 studies. This analysis found that RT had significantly increased according to a linear function over this time period. Woodley et al. then used this result to estimate the rate at which g had declined over the same period. The present comment points out that there are large gaps in the distribution of RTs analyzed by Woodley et al. with respect to year tested, and that RT in males did not vary as a function of year in the 13 studies published from 1941 on. It is concluded that although existing data are consistent with the idea that g has been adversely affected by dysgenic fertility, it cannot be determined at what rate g has fallen over time.
A comparison of free-operant shuttle avoidance in mongolian gerbils and albino rats

Mongolian gerbils and albino rats showed rapid acquisition and low asymptotic shock rates under both signaled and unsignaled free-operant shuttle avoidance procedures. The groups did not differ in shock rates under the unsignaled procedure, but the gerbils reduced the number of shocks to a significantly greater extent than did the rats, when the signal (tone) was present. The gerbils also displayed better temporal control of responding when there was no signal, and their responding was controlled by the signal to a much greater degree than the rats. The highly successful avoidance displayed by both species may relate to the fact that running, which was the required response, would appear to be a species-specific defense reaction for both gerbils and rats.
Brief notes on using the couch

(1995). Brief notes on using the couch. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 15, The Relevance of the Couch in Contemporary Psychoanalysis, pp. 314-323.
Current review of the Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus ionospheres

The ionospheres of the major planets Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus are reviewed in light of Pioneer and Voyager observations. Some refinements to pre-Voyager theoretical models are required to explain the results, most notably the addition of significant particle ionization from 'electroglow' and auroral processes and the need for additional chemical loss of protons via charge exchange reactions with water. Water from the Saturn rings has been identified as a major modifier of the Saturn ionosphere and water influx from satellites and/or meteorites may also be important at Jupiter and Uranus as well, as evidenced by the observed ionospheric structure and the identification of cold stratospheric carbon monoxide at Jupiter.
A modified riks approach to composite shell snapping using a high-order shear deformation theory

Abstract A modified Riks technique is applied to the finite element method to trace the nonlinear response from the pre-limit point into the post-limit range for a composite cylindrical shell-like structure. Parabolic transverse shear strain is considered through the thickness of the shell. The results are compared with results which did not consider a parabolic shear strain variation through the thickness of the shell.
Sculpted Symposiasts of Ionia

Statues and statuettes of reclining banqueters were dedicated at several Ionian sanctuaries during the sixth century B.C.E., beginning with the Geneleos Group at the Samian Heraion. Though common for small bronze and terracotta sculpture, this figure type is not otherwise attested in monumental dedicatory sculpture and is rare as architectural decoration elsewhere in archaic Greece. This article explores the social implications of this Ionian sculptural tradition, which paired the luxury of the reclining banquet with bodily corpulence, in light of archaic poetry and Samian history. The short-lived trend of reclining banqueter dedications may be understood as a locally specific type of aristocratic self-definition and an Ionian corollary to burials on klinai (banquet couches) in neighboring western Asiatic dynastic cultures. These sculptures also challenge conventional distinctions between private and cultic banqueting and illuminate the place of sympotic culture in archaic Ionian sanctuaries and the social implications of East Greek sculptural style. * .
Study of RF-sputtered Ba(ZrxTi1-x)O3 thin films for ULSI dram application

Barium zirconate-titanate (Ba(Zr x Ti 1−x )O 3 , BZT) films with thickness around 60 nm were deposited on Ir substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of zirconium atomic fraction (x = 0.14 to 0.7), substrate temperature (380 °C to 550 °C) and oxygen partial pressure (0 to 5 mTorr with total pressure 30 mTorr) on leakage current, dielectric constant and dielectric dispersion (capacitance reduction with increasing frequency) was studied. We found that the Zr/Ti ratio played a crucial role in determining the dielectric constant and dispersion. The dielectric constant varies from 26 to 168 while dispersion ranges from 0.80 to 2.58 % loss in capacitance (dielectric constant) per decade of frequency. Low leakage currents ( −7 A/cm 2 ) were observed.
How Much Will I Spend? Factors Affecting Consumers’ Estimates of Future Expense

Respondents in marketing surveys are often asked to estimate future expenses on products and services to assist marketers in arriving at market-share forecasts. To estimate future expenses for products and services, respondents may use information about past expenses, information about past behavioral frequencies for a related behavior, or both, if they are elicited prior to eliciting estimates of future expenses. To the extent that these sources of information are biased due to the manner in which they are elicited, subsequent estimates of future expense are biased. This article investigates the effect of response alternatives used to elicit behavioral frequencies on subsequent estimates of future expense related to the behavior. Two experiments demonstrate that past and future expense estimates are affected by the range of response alternatives used to elicit a related behavioral frequency prior to eliciting the expense estimate. This effect holds, however, only when the behavior is irregular. Further, the relative use of past expenses versus behavioral frequencies to estimate future expenses is a function of the presence and range of response alternatives used to elicit the behavioral frequency, the regularity of the behavior, and the order in which these are elicited. The results emphasize that the importance of question sequencing in surveys is a function of the regularity of the target behavior.
Limerence, Language, and Literature: An Essay

The New York Times recently introduced me to a new word, and I pass it along to you. A new word is a precious gift and this is a lovely one: limerence. It means being in love, or falling in love. I have a feeling of limerence for language and I want my students to feel the same way. I want each to be a language limerent. A wise person once said that the goal of education is to infect students with non-poisonous passions. A child who develops a love of language and an ear for language is vulnerable to just such passions. How can we encourage this vulnerability? I believe that the child who is not afraid of words, written or spoken, will have fun with them, will collect them as treasures, will not feel the need to treat them with undue reverence, and because he can listen to them and comprehend them, he will use them to express his ideas and emotions. The child thus builds a platform of language from which to launch abstract thinking. Such a child is free to venture, risk, learn, and create. The child who has not been taught these skills, who lacks exposure, or who is language-impaired (diagnosed or undiagnosed), needs help. Without help, unfamiliarity will beget avoidance, which in turn reinforces the unfamiliarity, and thus a pattern is established. We can break that pattern by providing familiarity and informality. We can help the child play with words, embellish words, make big words (real and nonsense), coin words like limerence, find root words, and invent words. Language is constantly changing and children, as well as grown-ups, should have some of the fun of that change.
New Century, New Identities: Building on a Typology of Nonheterosexual College Men

Drawing on recent ethnographic studies of nonheterosexual youth, nonheterosexual identity development, and online collegiate identity management, this article outlines an extension of prior typological work concerning nonheterosexual male college students proposed by the author. Two new types (“Twitter Twinks” and “Lads Without Labels)” are proffered and explained, along with a social contextualization of how these two concepts have recently developed. The article concludes with a call for new ways to conceptualize, study, understand, and support nonheterosexual identities in collegiate environments.
On binary k -paving matroids and Reed-Muller codes

Abstract A matroid ℳ of rank r ⩾ k is k -paving if all of its circuits have cardinality exceeding r − k . In this paper, we develop some basic results concerning k -paving matroids and their connections with codes. Also, we determine all binary 2-paving matroids.
Blurring the lines: is there a need to rethink industrial marketing?

Purpose – Given the dramatic changes in the business environment, the purpose of the paper is to stimulate readers to challenge their mental models of business and industrial marketing, and consider the implications of the blurring of the lines between industrial and consumer marketing.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a reflection on the evolution of the discipline of industrial marketing since the author's first publication in this area 40 years ago, and an analysis of the impact on this discipline of five interrelated forces of change including: the convergence of B2B and B2C driven by the advances in the internet and rise of small businesses; the prevalence of outsourcing and creation of value networks across firms and countries; the opening of corporate RD bridging the functional silos within the firm; and the movement from an “industrial” to a “knowledge” based society and the blurring of products, services, and custom...
A comparison of the behavior and survival of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) in a small estuary system

article i nfo Article history: Keywords: Salmon Smolt Estuary Survival Predation Behavior We used radio and acoustic telemetry to study the behavior and survival of wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead outmigrants in a small coastal estuary during two years. Survival was generally low for hatchery fish but more variable, both within and between years, for wild steelhead. The rate of downstream movement in the river varied both within and between species and was generally not correlated with flow. Both hatchery and wild steelhead tended to spend less than a day in the estuary, and tended to move downstream on outgoing tides. In contrast, hatchery coho salmon spent a longer period of time in the estuary (~8 d). On several occasions, coho salmon were observed moving both upstream and downstream between the upper (freshwater) and lower (saline) zones of the estuary. We also documented a high incidence of predation by avian and mammalian predators on coho outmigrants. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A comparison of the toxic and SCE-inducing effects of inhibitors of ADP-ribosyl transferase in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Abstract The effects of inhibitors of ADP-ribosyl transferase (ADPRT), an enzyme believed to function in the maintenance of normal cellular functions, on specific genotoxic endpoints were examined in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Two classes of inhibitors, which differed both in their mechanism and efficiency of inhibition, were compared. Each of the inhibitors was found to increase the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, reduce cloning efficiency, slow cell growth and potentiate methyl nitrosourea (MNU)-induced toxicity. With nicotinamide and two of its analogs, the relative ability to induced genotoxic endpoints generally followed the reported level of enzymatic inhibition. That is, benzamide was the most effective at inducing SCE and reducing cell survival and growth measurements, followed by nicotinamide and 1-methyl nicotinamide. However, no single quantitative relationship was found between the SCE and reduced cell survival caused by these agents. Theophylline, a representative methylxanthine, was the most toxic on the basis of concentration, but less effective than benzamide at inducing SCE. A strong association was found between the ability of the inhibitors to reduce cell survival, affect cell growth and potentiate the toxic effects of MNU. Therefore, although no consistent quantitative relationship could be demonsrated between SCE induction and the other endpoints for all ADPRT inhibitors, a general relationship was found between the toxic properties of nicotimide and its analogs and their ability to induce SCE.
DIFFERENCES IN INHIBIN AND GONADOTROPIN SECRETION BETWEEN PREPUBERTAL AND LATE PUBERTAL FEMALES

DIFFERENCES IN INHIBIN AND GONADOTROPIN SECRETION BETWEEN PREPUBERTAL AND LATE PUBERTAL FEMALES
Central nervous system administration of interleukin-6 produces splenic sympathoexcitation

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been shown to play a pivotal role in centrally-mediated physiological responses including activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of IL-6 are elevated in multiple pathophysiological conditions including Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune disease, and meningitis. Despite this, the effect of IL-6 on central regulation of sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) remains unknown which limits understanding of sympathetic-immune interactions in health and disease. In the present study we determined the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv, lateral ventricle) administration of IL-6 on splenic SND in urethane–chloralose-anesthetized rats. A second goal was to determine if icv injected IL-6 enters the brain parenchyma and acts as a volume transmission signal to access areas of the brain involved in regulation of sympathetic nerve outflow. Icv administration of IL-6 (10 ng, 100 ng, and 400 ng) significantly and progressively increased splenic SND from control levels in baroreceptor-denervated Sprague–Dawley rats. Administration of 100-ng and 400-ng IL-6 resulted in significantly higher SND responses when compared to those elicited with a 10-ng dose. Sixty minutes following icv administration, fluorescently labeled IL-6 was not distributed throughout the parenchyma of the brain but was localized to the periventricular areas of the ventricular system. Brain sections counter-stained for the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) revealed that IL-6 and the IL-6R were co-localized in periventricular areas adjoining the third ventricle. These results demonstrate that icv IL-6 administration increases splenic SND, an effect likely achieved via signaling mechanisms originating in the periventricular cells.
Consistency of data on soft photon production in hadronic interactions.

The glob model of Lichard and Van Hove and the modified soft annihilation model (MSAM) of Lichard and Thompson are used as a phenomenological tool for relating results from various experiments on soft photon production in high energy collisions. The total phenomenological expectation is composed of contributions from classical bremsstrahlung, the soft annihilation model, and the glob model. The empirical excess above the background from hadronic decays at very small longitudinal momenta of photons is well reproduced, as well as that for transverse momenta [ital p][sub [ital T]][approx gt]10 MeV/[ital c]. Some data do not require the glob model and MSAM components in the phenomenological mixture, but do not exclude them. On the basis of consistency of all data with the total theoretical expectation we argue that the results of all experiments are mutually consistent. The models are unable to describe the excess of ultrasoft photons ([ital p][sub [ital T]][approx lt]10 MeV/[ital c]), seen by some, but not all, experiments. This may indicate an as yet unknown projectile-mass-dependent production mechanism. Possible relations of soft photon production to other phenomena are discussed. A simple-to-use, but physically equivalent version of the glob model is developed, which enables an easy check of presentedmore » results.« less
Rat strain differences in sleep after acute mild stressors and short-term sleep loss

Genetic and physiological diversity amongst rodent strains provide the potential for developing models that may give insight into factors that regulate sleep in response to environmental challenges. We examined home cage activity, behavioral performance in the open field and sleep after a number of mild stressors (cage change [CC], open field [OF]) and after 1 and 4h of sleep deprivation (1hSD and 4hSD) in rat strains (Fischer 344 [F344], Lewis [LEW], Wistar [WST] and Sprague-Dawley [Sp-D], n=16 per strain) that differ in behavior and sleep. F344 and WST rats had greater home cage locomotion than LEW and Sp-D rats, but F344 rats exhibited the least relative locomotion in OF. In 24h baseline recordings of sleep, strain rankings were LEW=WST=Sp-D>F344 in rapid eye movement sleep (REM), and LEW=Sp-D>F344 and LEW>WST in non-REM (NREM). Compared to baseline, total sleep was reduced in all four strains after CC, OF and 1hSD, but not after 4hSD, in the first hour after treatment. Afterwards, increases in REM and NREM were seen after all treatments with the amount and time course varying across treatments and strains. CC induced the weakest and 4hSD the largest effects on sleep, whereas OF and 1hSD had intermediate effects. Among strains, the more anxious F344 rats exhibited the greatest sleep increases during the light period after OF, 1hSD and 4hSD. The results are discussed with respect to the relationship between behavioral and sleep responses to stressors, and to potential mechanisms underlying the strain differences.
Selected Research and Writings on Instruction for Music Librarians: An Annotated Bibliography

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published in Music Reference Services Quarterly in 2004, Copyright 2004 by The Haworth Press, Inc., Binghamton, NY.
A reaction mechanism for aldose reductase from lens.

Abstract Sheys and Doughty, (Sheys, G.H. and Doughty, C.C. (1971) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 242, 523–531) suggested a model for Rhodotorula (yeast) aldose reductase (alditol:NADP + 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) which offered a unified explanation for changes in reversibility, reaction mechanism, and effects of multivalent anions as well as substrate activation. The present paper extends this model to lens aldose reductase, explaining its similarities to the reverse reaction in Rhodotorula in regard to its reaction mechanism, as well as multivalent anion effects of sulfate, pyrophosphate and NADPH (above 20 μM) and also substrate activation with glyceraldehyde involving formation of an abortive complex (above 50 μM). Activation of lens aldose reductase resulted with multivalent anions, due to increased V max and apparent K m values with increasing concentration of multivalent anions. The lens enzyme mechanism is similar to the reverse reaction mechanism for the Rhodotorula enzyme, being partially random in character, based on NADP + inhibitor studies presented here. The binding of NADPH appears to occur at a basic center containing arginine and possibly histidine. Evidence of the participation of these residues at the active center is based on time-course inactivation protection studies using reagents specific for these residues.
Registration of Arkot 9721 Germplasm Line of Cotton

Arkot 9721 (Reg. No. GP-918, PI 654511) is a noncommercial breeding line of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) released by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station in August 2008. Arkot 9721 was derived from a 1997 cross between Arkot 8712 and Ark 8708-31-06, an advanced breeding line. Arkot 9721 was evaluated in 15 replicated tests in Arkansas from 2004 through 2007. Lint yield, lint percentage, and seed produced per area for Arkot 9721 were about 5 to 8% lower than two check cultivars when data from 2006 were excluded (due to poor seed germination of Arkot 9721). Arkot 9721 produced larger seed with an equal amount of lint per seed as the check cultivars. Maturity and plant height of Arkot 9721 were similar to 'PSC 355'. Leaf pubescence and bract trichome density of Arkot 9721 was intermediate between the smooth-leaf and hairy-leaf check cultivars. Arkot 9721 produced significantly longer, more uniform, and finer fibers than PSC 355. Compared with check cultivars, Arkot 9721 expressed improved resistance to bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Smith) Dye], equal resistance to root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood], and less resistance to Verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.). Resistance of Arkot 9721 to tarnished plant bug was equal to PSC 355 and greater than 'SG 105'. The improved fiber properties in conjunction with relatively good yield, maturity, and line-specific host plant resistance traits make Arkot 9721 valuable as a breeding line to cotton breeding programs.
The Pc 1 Micropulsation Event of April 7, 1971

THIS communication supplements the data presented by Fraser and Summers1 for the Pc 1 micropulsation event of April 7, 1971. They observed the event at two Australian sites and one New Zealand site and emphasized that the wave polarizations in the horizontal plane were nearly linear at each site. It was natural to assume, following the theories of Greifinger and Greifinger2, that the major axis of the recorded polarization ellipse might indicate the arrival direction of the wave, and, in the absence of complete information on wave propagation characteristics in the ionospheric duct for that time, it was natural to extrapolate linearly from the three sites to determine the location of a probable source for the event.