cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Architectural evidence of dune collapse in the Navajo Sandstone, Zion National Park, Utah

Abstract The Canyon Overlook Trail of Zion National Park follows an outcrop of Navajo Sandstone, which displays a uniquely well-exposed assemblage of features associated with failure of the lee face of a large eolian dune, and run-out over an expanse of interdune sediments downwind of that bedform. Exposed features include dramatic folds in the interdune succession and a stacked series of thrust sheets incorporating both interdune and overlying dune deposits. Thrust surfaces display consistent strikes, parallel to those of undeformed foresets, and incorporate zones of brittle failure and fluid deformation, including folds overturned in the direction of foreset dip. These features correspond to predictions made by a previous researcher's model of dune collapse, formulated from less fortuitously exposed architectures in the Navajo Sandstone. Unlike the previous model, however, this site preserves distinct indications that the bulk of deformed material accumulated above the level of the contemporary interdune surface, in an aggradational succession. Paleotopographic reconstruction, based on preserved facies relationships at this site, indicates the presence of a large dune, partially encroached upon a well-developed wet interdune succession, made up of two half-meter carbonate mud layers, separated by a meter of medium-grained sand. Trapping of pore water pressure between these mud layers during liquefaction reduced shear strength in this interval, facilitating the collapse of the lee face of the upwind dune into the interdune area, and transmitted resultant shear forces to distal portions of the interdune expanse, in the shallow subsurface. Shear failure developed along bedding planes in the horizontally laminated carbonate muds, which provided both lubrication of the shear surfaces and structural support for the preservation of coherent thrust sheets during production of an imbricated succession of shear zones in the toe portion of the slump. Individual shear surfaces exposed in this outcrop extend for up to 50 m along strike and dip north up to 55°. Upturned mud layers in the toe of the slump resisted deflation, promoting preservation of an irregular interdune topography, over which the reorganized dune ultimately advanced.
Experimental Swinepox in Gnotobiotic Piglets

Summary Virus obtained from a naturally-occurring case of swinepox in Illinois was transmitted to 14--day-old germ-free (GF) piglets. Virus was isolated from the infected piglets in diploid swine cell cultures, but was not readily demonstrable in these cells until the fifth blind passage. Once adapted to cell cultures the agent grew well and was easily re-isolated in cell cultures after passage in GF pigs. Lesions characteristic of sivinepox were produced in GF piglets both with the field and cell culture adapted virus. Attempts to cultivate the field and cell culture adapted strains in rabbits, HeLa cell cultures, and 10-day-old chick embryos were unsuccessful. The agent appears to be highly host specific, is not neutralized by vaccinia antiserum, and is probably similar to, if not identical with, an agent(s) reported in Ohio and Iowa.
Formation of Enolates

Enolates, or oxyallyl anions, are versatile reagents for the formation of α-substituted carbonyl compounds and are therefore important intermediates for the synthesis of complex molecules. The stereochemical outcome of an enolate reaction often depends on the geometry of the enolate and therefore the selective formation of enolates is a key step in many bond-forming processes.1
PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer Treatment

A paradox of DNA biology is that sequence integrity must be maintained in order for the organism to maintain life and normal functions, yet evolution requires some variability in gene expression so that changes that are more adaptive are positively selected. Indeed, more highly evolved species have developed an immune system that protects organisms against the world of dangers as a direct consequence of focusing DNA mutation on a particular subset of genes that encode for antigen receptors. However, in general, environmental and biologic insults that disrupt the DNA sequence (and there are many of these, including ultraviolet light, mutagens . . .
A Comparison of Different Techniques for Interfacing Capnography With Adult and Pediatric Supplemental Oxygen Masks

BACKGROUND: Accurately measuring the partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) in non-intubated patients is problematic due to dilution of expired CO2 at high O2 flows and mask designs that may either cause CO2 rebreathing or inadequately capture expired CO2. We evaluated the performance of 2 capnographic O2 masks (Cap-ONE and OxyMask) against a clinically expedient method using a standard O2 mask with a flow-directed nasal cannula used for capnography (CapnoLine) in a spontaneous breathing model of an adult and child under conditions of normal ventilation, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation. METHODS: An ASL-5000 simulator was attached to a manikin face with a catheter port, through which various CO2/air mixtures were bled into the ASL-5000 to achieve a PETCO2 of 40, 65, and 30 mm Hg. Both PETCO2 and inspired PCO2 were measured at O2 flows of 5, 10, 15, and 20 L/min (adult model) and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 L/min (pediatric model). RESULTS: PETCO2 decreased to varying degrees as O2 flow increased, depending upon the breathing pattern. Although all devices appeared to perform reasonably well under normal and hyperventilation conditions, the clinically expedient method was associated with substantially more CO2 rebreathing. PETCO2 usually deteriorated more under simulated hypoventilation, regardless of the measurement method. CONCLUSIONS: Both of the specially designed O2 capnography masks provided reasonably stable PETCO2 without significant CO2 rebreathing at the commonly used O2 flows. Because of their open design, PETCO2 measured at high O2 flows may produce artificially lower readings that may not reflect arterial CO2 levels compared with lower O2 flows.
WBS-based dynamic multi-dimensional BIM database for total construction as-built documentation

Abstract As-built documentation is valuable to assist decision-making in project control, and building operation and maintenance applications. Given the importance of as-built documentation, the quickly maturing technology of building information modeling (BIM), an object-oriented information-integration platform, has led to the emergence of concurrent as-built documentation during the construction phase. However, in the current practice, integrating construction records into BIM remains a challenge due to their heterogeneous and unstructured data formats. This paper presents a work breakdown structure (WBS)-based database design to enable the creation of a dynamic multi-dimensional BIM database to incorporate construction records in a timely manner. In this study, the construction records were defined as additional dimension, and a WBS code-based automated linking mechanism between construction project tasks and BIM objects was created to generate the multi-dimensional BIM database. The automatic linking mechanism and the WBS-based dynamic multi-dimensional BIM database were tested and verified through the implementation of a real construction project schedule and a BIM model. The test results illustrate that the newly created method is successful in incorporating construction records collected during the construction phase to generate a dynamic BIM database for generating complete as-built documentation.
Dynamic population trends observed in the deep-living Pacific flatnose, Antimora microlepis, on the U.S. West Coast

Abstract As fisheries managers attempt to incorporate ecosystem-based considerations into decision making, it is important to understand the role that non-target species play in the ecosystems that support commercial fisheries. For some deep-water groundfishes, basic information on biology and population dynamics is extremely limited. This study presents findings on the spatial distribution, growth trends, and relative abundance of the Pacific flatnose, Antimora microlepis, using data collected from 2003 to 2015 by the Northwest Fisheries Science Center's West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey (WCGBTS). We observed a 67% increase in mean fork-length over the study period reflecting the advancement of strong year-classes from the early 2000s that currently dominate the population as a whole. Catch-weighted depth increased significantly as these cohorts migrated to deeper waters of the continental slope. Although catch per unit effort remained relatively constant, this demographic shift suggests that episodic recruitment may affect the resilience of this stock to fishing mortality over time. A notable decrease in the percentage of females observed after 2012 seemed to indicate the movement of large, older females to depths beyond the 1280 m limit of the survey. Otolith weight provided a useful proxy for age in growth models for this species.
Microfracture Versus Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Articular Cartilage Lesions in the Knee: A Systematic Review of 5-Year Outcomes.

Background:Microfracture (MFx) and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) are 2 surgical treatment options used to treat articular cartilage injuries of the knee joint.Purpose:To compare the mid...
Peak growing season gross uptake of carbon in North America is largest in the Midwest USA

Gross primary production (GPP) is a first-order uncertainty in climate predictions. Large-scale CO2 observations can provide information about the carbon cycle, but are not directly useful for GPP. Recently carbonyl sulfide (COS or OCS) has been proposed as a potential tracer for regional and global GPP. Here we present the first regional assessment of GPP using COS. We focus on the North American growing season—a global hotspot for COS air-monitoring and GPP uncertainty. Regional variability in simulated vertical COS concentration gradients was driven by variation in GPP rather than other modelled COS sources and sinks. Consequently we are able to show that growing season GPP in the Midwest USA significantly exceeds that of any other region of North America. These results are inconsistent with some ecosystem models, but are supportive of new ecosystem models from CMIP6. This approach provides valuable insight into the accuracy of various ecosystem land models. Using carbonyl sulfide as a tracer, gross primary production in the Midwest USA is shown to significantly exceed that of any other region of North America. This approach provides a valuable means of assessing the regional accuracy of ecosystem land models.
Introduction to Food Justice in a Global Context

This introduction argues that food justice concerns are always global in nature no matter how local they also are. William Shanbacher uses the lens of food sovereignty to understand how food justice can connect local causes into a global transnational movement while incorporating underemphasized issues like poverty, gender, and race.
Impact of Consultation on Hospital Outcomes and Resource Utilization for Patients with Acute Congestive Heart Failure.

OBJECTIVES Consultation is an important tool for acquiring subspecialty support when managing patients with acute congestive heart failure (CHF). The effect of consultation on hospital outcomes and resource utilization in CHF is unknown. The objectives of our study were to determine the effect of consultation on outcomes in CHF and to evaluate factors affecting the frequency of consultation. METHODS Our study was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to Florida Hospital Orlando for CHF between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2013. Data on demographics, number of consultations, length of stay (LOS), readmissions within 30 days, cost of care, and mortality were compared according to the number of consultations. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance, the χ2 test, and multivariate linear regression analysis were used. Risk-adjusted outcomes were reported as observed/expected. RESULTS A total of 1554 patients were included; 103 (6.6%) patients received no consultation; 482 (31%) received 1; 365 (23.5%) received 2; 229 (14%) received 3; and 375 (24%) received ≥4. Teaching service, age, and African American race were associated with decreased consultation (P < 0.001 for all) and high case-mix index was associated with increased consultation (P < 0.001). Adjusted LOS and costs increased with an increased number of consultations (P < 0.001 for both). There was no difference in adjusted mortality or 30-day readmission rate based on the number of consultations (P = 0.35 and 0.98, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased consultation with patients with CHF is associated with increased costs and LOS without improved mortality or readmission rate. Decreased utilization of consultations by the teaching service suggests that there is an opportunity to decrease utilization of healthcare resources by streamlining the utilization of consultations.
An Empirical Characterization of Internet Round-Trip Times

End-to-end round-trip times (RTTs), which measure the time when the source transmitted data and when it received confirmation that the data was received, have been used by several Internet applications and protocols as a way to estimate network load and congestion. However, the Internet's ever increasing size and complexity pose many challenges to the study of the RTT. RTT's stochastic nature combined with diverse network topologies, technologies, and workloads are part of the problem, as well as difficulty in acquiring representative RTT samples or testing how RTT measurements are affected by changes in protocols. As part of the answer to these challenges, this paper presents a characterization study of RTT traces collected from both real- as well as simulated networked environments. We verify that temporal- and spatial factors cause RTT behavior to exhibit particular trends. Using rigorous analytical methodology, we also confirm that RTT distributions can be modeled as a power law. We then use RTT power law statistics to validate and fine-tune simulation environments.
Chemoselective Cyclopropanation over Carbene Y–H Insertion Catalyzed by an Engineered Carbene Transferase

Hemoproteins have recently emerged as promising biocatalysts for promoting a variety of carbene transfer reactions including cyclopropanation and Y–H insertion (Y = N, S, Si, B). For these and synthetic carbene transfer catalysts alike, achieving high chemoselectivity toward cyclopropanation in olefin substrates bearing unprotected Y–H groups has proven remarkably challenging due to competition from the more facile carbene Y–H insertion reaction. In this report, we describe the development of a novel artificial metalloenzyme based on an engineered myoglobin incorporating a serine-ligated Co-porphyrin cofactor that is capable of offering high selectivity toward olefin cyclopropanation over N–H and Si–H insertion. Intramolecular competition experiments revealed a distinct and dramatically altered chemoselectivity of the Mb(H64V,V68A,H93S)[Co(ppIX)] variant in carbene transfer reactions compared to myoglobin-based variants containing the native histidine-ligated heme cofactor or other metal/proximal ligand s...
High Precision Mass Spectrometry with the Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer

The quadrupole ion trap was first described by Wolfgang Paul (Paul et al., 1959). It was developed as a means of performing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry by Stafford and coworkers (Stafford et al., 1984) who introduced a mass selective method of ion ejection which provided a convenient method of scanning a mass spectrum. This instrument, introduced commercially in 1983, utilized electron impact ionization to convert gaseous samples into ions. Refinements such as chemical ionization (Brodbelt et al.,1984), automatic gain control (Stafford et al., 1987) and axial modulation (Grabau et al., 1983) increased the dynamic range and sensitivity of the ion trap for the analysis of ions which have a mass-to-charge ratio < 650 Da/charge.
Laplace Transform Asymptotics, Bergman Kernels and Composition Operators

We determine the asymptotics at infinity and zero of the Laplace transforms of fast weights on a half-line. This yields the exact growth rate of the norm of the kernel function in a weighted Bergman space associated with a rotation-invariant fast weight on the unit disk. Applications to composition operators on such spaces are discussed.
Ontology based similarity for information technology skills

Online job search and talent procurement have given rise to challenging match and search problems in the e-recruitment domain. Existing systems perform direct keyword matching of technical skills which misses out a closely matching candidate on account of it not having the exact skills. This results in substandard results which ignores the relationships between technical skills. In an attempt to improve relevancy, this paper proposes a semantic similarity measure between IT skills using a knowledge based approach. The approach builds an ontology using DBpedia and uses it to derive a similarity score using feature based similarity measures. The proposed approach performs better than the Resumatcher system in finding the similarity between skills.
Mediating Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Perceived Social Support and HIV Disclosure: Assessing Moderation by Sex

People living with HIV may decide to disclose their HIV-positive status after considering the benefits and costs. Studies have shown associations between perceived social support, depressive symptoms and HIV disclosure among men and women; however, research assessing the mediating pathway among these variables and the associated disparities by sex are lacking. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the association between perceived social support from family and friends and HIV disclosure to sexual partners; assess the mediating effects of depressive symptoms; and examine the disparities by sex. Participants included 147 men and 115 women living with HIV who took part in a disclosure intervention study. Mediation analyses were conducted to determine the direct and indirect associations between perceived social support from family and friends, depressive symptoms, and disclosure behavior. Depressive symptoms mediated the association between perceived social support (from family: β = 0.103, p = 0.019; and from friends: β = 0.111, p = 0.009) and HIV disclosure to sexual partners, specifically among women. However, these pathways were not statistically significant among men. Women living with HIV may benefit from two types of interventions: (1) Disclosure to sexual partners interventions, which aim to accentuate perceived social support from family and friends through attenuating depressive symptoms; and (2) Social support interventions, which may increase disclosure to sexual partners via reducing depressive symptoms.
Corrigendum: Decrease in Population and Increase in Welfare of Community Cats in a Twenty-Three Year Trap-Neuter-Return Program in Key Largo, FL: The ORCAT Program.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a long-term (23-year) trap-neuter-return program on the population size of community cats in the Ocean Reef Community and to describe the demographic composition and outcome of enrolled cats. A retrospective study was performed using both cat census data collected between 1999 and 2013 as well as individual medical records for cats whose first visit occurred between 3/31/1995 and 12/31/2017. Medical record entries were reviewed to determine program inputs, cat outcomes, retroviral disease prevalence, and average age of first visit, sterilization, and death through 6/11/2018. Change over time was analyzed via linear regression. The free-roaming population decreased from 455 cats recorded in 1999 to 206 recorded in 2013 (55% decrease, P < 0.0001). There were 3,487 visits recorded for 2,529 community cats, with 869 ovariohysterectomies and 822 orchiectomies performed. At last recorded visit, there were 1,111 cats returned back to their original location, and 1,419 cats removed via adoption (510), transfer to the adoption center (201), euthanasia of unhealthy or retrovirus positive cats (441), died in care (58), or outcome of dead on arrival (209). The number of first visits per year decreased 80% from 348 in 1995 to 68 in 2017. The estimated average age of the active cat population increased by 0.003 months each year (P = 0.031) from 16.6 months in 1995 to 43.8 months in 2017. The mean age of cats at removal increased 1.9 months per year over time (P < 0.0001) from 6.4 months in 1995 to 77.3 months in 2017. The mean age of cats at return to the original location was 20.8 months, which did not change over time. The overall retrovirus prevalence over the entire duration was 6.5%, with FIV identified in 3.3% of cats and FeLV identified in 3.6%. Retrovirus prevalence decreased by 0.32% per year (P = 0.001), with FIV decreasing by 0.16% per year (P = 0.013) and FeLV decreasing 0.18% per year (P = 0.033). In conclusion, a trap-neuter-return program operating for over two decades achieved a decrease in population and an increase in population welfare as measured by increased average age of population and decreased retrovirus prevalence.
KAMA-NNs: low-dimensional rotation based neural networks

We present new architectures for feedforward neural networks built from products of learned or random low-dimensional rotations that offer substantial space compression and computational speedups in comparison to the unstructured baselines. Models using them are also competitive with the baselines and often, due to imposed orthogonal structure, outperform baselines accuracy-wise. We propose to use our architectures in two settings. We show that in the non-adaptive scenario (random neural networks) they lead to asymptotically more accurate, space-efficient and faster estimators of the so-called PNG-kernels (for any activation function defining the PNG). This generalizes several recent theoretical results about orthogonal estimators (e.g. orthogonal JLTs, orthogonal estimators of angular kernels and more). In the adaptive setting we propose efficient algorithms for learning products of low-dimensional rotations and show how our architectures can be used to improve space and time complexity of state of the art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms (e.g. PPO, TRPO). Here they offer up to 7x compression of the network in comparison to the unstructured baselines and outperform reward-wise state of the art structured neural networks offering similar computational gains and based on low displacement rank matrices.
Boxing daze – using state-and-transition models to explore the evolution of socio-biophysical landscapes

Critical physical geography (CPG) proposes to bridge the lingering gap between human and physical geographers. To rejuvenate conversations among different corners of the discipline about the possib...
Aging and HIV-1 alter the function of specific K+ channels in prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons

Abstract The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key regulator of neurocognition. The glutamatergic pyramidal neurons are the predominant component of neurons in the mPFC. Aging and HIV profoundly alter the structure and function of mPFC pyramidal neurons, including, but are not limited to, dysregulation of NMDA receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels. Here we assessed the impact of aging and in vivo HIV exposure on the functional activity (firing) of mPFC pyramidal neurons mediated by voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels and inwardly-rectifying K+ (Kir) channels using patch-clamp recording in rat brain slices ex vivo. We found that aging and HIV significantly affect firing in different manners by altering the activity of Kv and likely Kir channels, associated with changes in membrane properties and the mRNA levels of specific Kv channels. Evoked firing was significantly decreased in mPFC neurons of older (12 month, 12 m) rats compared to younger (6/7 week, 6/7wk) rats, regardless of HIV status. In contrast, firing was significantly increased in neurons from Tg rats compared to non-Tg rats, regardless of age. Aging/HIV-induced alterations in firing were mediated by dysfunctional Kv channels and Kir channels, which exhibit significant changes in their activity and/or expression induced by aging and HIV exposure in vivo. Collectively, these novel findings demonstrate that aging is associated with a significant decline of mPFC neuronal activity; while long-term HIV exposure in vivo could drive mPFC neurons from over-activation to loss of firing, which could ultimately exacerbate the decline of mPFC neuronal activity.
Initial Results of GPS-LEO Occultation Measurements of Earth’s Atmosphere Obtained with the GPS-MET Experiment

The radio occultation technique, which has been repeatedly proven for planetary atmospheres, was first utilized to observe Earth’s atmosphere by the GPS-MET experiment (launched in April 1995), in which a high performance GPS receiver was placed into a low-Earth orbit. During certain phases of the mission, more than 100 occultations per day are acquired. A subset of this occultation data is analyzed and temperature in the neutral atmosphere and electron profiles in the ionosphere are obtained. Comparing about 100 GPS-MET retrievals to accurate meteorological analyses obtained from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasting at heights between 5–30 km, temperature differences display biases of less than 0.5K and standard deviations of 1–2K in the northern hemisphere, where the model is expected to be most accurate. Furthermore, electron density profiles obtained for different geodetic locations and times show the main features that are expected in the ionosphere.
High-dose, high-frequency infliximab: A novel treatment paradigm for hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background The permanent disfigurement associated with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) necessitates early aggressive disease intervention. Although limited data support the use of infliximab (IFX) in HS, the efficacy of high-dose, high-frequency IFX has yet to be defined. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of IFX 7.5 to 10 mg/kg, with a maintenance frequency every 4 weeks. Methods Prospective analysis of 42 patients initiating IFX 7.5 mg/kg every 4 weeks (IFX 7.5) and 16 patients receiving dose escalation to IFX 10 mg/kg every 4 weeks (IFX 10) between March 1, 2018, and February 28, 2019. The primary outcome measure (clinical response) was the proportion of patients with Physician Global Assessment of clear, minimal, or mild (score of 0-2) HS with at least a 2-grade improvement from baseline scores. Results The proportion of patients achieving a clinical response after initiating IFX 7.5 was 20 of 42 (47.6%) at week 4 and 17 of 24 (70.8%) at week 12. For patients receiving dose escalation to IFX 10 because of incomplete initial response, 6 of 16 (37.5%) achieved clinical response at week 4 and 6 of 12 (50%) at week 12. Conclusions Initiation of IFX 7.5 every 4 weeks, with possible dose escalation to IFX 10, if needed, provides optimal mitigation of HS-related disease activity.
Touching with Feeling

Dr. Edward Colgate gave a keynote on morning of the second day of the conference. He spoke about haptics and their vital role in everyday life. He showed that, on contrary, haptics are decidedly less important when interfacing to the digital world. Our touch screens treat the finger as a pointer and more or less ignore the thousands of mechanoreceptors within, not to mention the somatosensory cortex. This is an odd state of affairs. Dr. Colgate explained that part of the reason is technological: how do you go beyond simple vibrations and create versatile, programmable haptic experiences? Research in his lab has focused on solving this question for better than a decade now. In his talk, he explained the rapidly expanding capabilities of “surface haptic” technologies. Dr. Colgate also showed how limited are the data on haptics used to create great experiences, be they for education, entertainment, or elsewhere. That turns out to be a much more difficult problem. He described some incipient efforts and offered some thoughts for the future. This chapter provides a lightly edited transcription of that keynote.
Living as a Retired Immigrant in Cuenca, Ecuador and San Miguel de Allende, Mexico

With minimal internet sleuthing, it is possible to uncover extensive communities composed of persons of retirement age comparing notes, advice, and news from countries and cities within the global South, including destinations in Spain, Thailand, South America, Mexico, Malta, and others. Veritable fountains of local information, primarily from the retired expatriates’ perspectives, can be found by visiting sites like Gringo Post, an online forum for retirees in Ecuador, or Atencion San Miguel, a bilingual, weekly newspaper set in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.
Geometric constraints on energy transfer in the turbulent cascade

Turbulent flows famously display a net cascade of energy from the injection scales to the dissipation scales. This cascade can be interpreted as the interplay of an emergent turbulent stress and a scale-dependent strain rate, which reveals the key role of geometric alignment in the energy transfer process. It is argued that the constraints placed on the cascade process by geometry are surprisingly significant and may provide important but under-appreciated ingredients for understanding turbulence phenomenology.
Macrophage checkpoint blockade: results from initial clinical trials, binding analyses, and CD47-SIRPα structure–function

The macrophage checkpoint is an anti-phagocytic interaction between signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on a macrophage and CD47 on all types of cells - ranging from blood cells to cancer cells. This interaction has emerged over the last decade as a potential co-target in cancer when combined with other anti-cancer agents, with antibodies against CD47 and SIRPα currently in preclinical and clinical development for a variety of hematological and solid malignancies. Monotherapy with CD47 blockade is ineffective in human clinical trials against many tumor types tested to date, except for rare cutaneous and peripheral lymphomas. In contrast, pre-clinical results show efficacy in multiple syngeneic mouse models of cancer, suggesting that many of these tumor models are more immunogenic and likely artificial compared to human tumors. However, combination therapies in humans of anti-CD47 with agents such as the anti-tumor antibody rituximab do show efficacy against liquid tumors (lymphoma) and are promising. Here, we review such trials as well as key interaction and structural features of CD47-SIRPα.
Solidarity All Around: How Spatial Context Influences Perceptions of Organizational Solidarity

More than seventy years of research in social networks and microgeography have shown that spa- tial proximity offers individuals opportunities to interact and form social ties, aggregating up to a ...
Preoperative Medical Testing and Falls in Medicare Beneficiaries Awaiting Cataract Surgery

ABSTRACT Objective Delaying cataract surgery is associated with an increased risk of falls, but it is unknown whether routine preoperative testing delays cataract surgery long enough to cause clinical harm. We sought to determine whether the use of routine preoperative testing leads to harm in the form of delayed surgery and falls in Medicare beneficiaries awaiting cataract surgery. Design Retrospective observational cohort study using 2006-2014 Medicare claims Participants Medicare beneficiaries age 66+ with a CPT claim for ocular biometry Methods We measured the mean and median number of days between ocular biometry and cataract surgery, calculated the proportion of patients waiting >30 days or >90 days for surgery, and determined the odds of having a fall within 90 days of biometry among patients of high-testing physicians (testing performed in ≥75% of their patients) compared to patients of low-testing physicians. We estimated the number of days of delay attributable to high-testing physicians relative to other factors that may determine surgical scheduling. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of falls occurring between biometry and surgery, odds of falling within 90 days of biometry, and estimated delay in days associated with physician testing behavior . Results Of 248,345 beneficiaries, 16.4% were patients of high-testing physicians. More patients of high-testing physicians waited >30 days and >90 days to have cataract surgery (31.4% and 8.2% versus 25.0% and 5.5%, respectively, p Conclusions Overuse of routine preoperative medical testing by high-testing physicians is associated with delayed surgery and increased falls in cataract patients awaiting surgery.
Professionalism and inter-communication skills (ICS): a multi-site validity study assessing proficiency in core competencies and milestones in medical learners.

Interpersonal and Communication Skills (ICS) and Professionalism milestones are challenging to evaluate during medical training. Paucity in proficiency, direction and validity evidence of assessment tools of these milestones warrants further research. We validated the reliability of the previously-piloted Instrument for Communication skills and Professionalism Assessment (InCoPrA) in medical learners. This validity approach was guided by the rigorous Kane’s Framework. Faculty-raters and standardized patients (SPs) used their respective InCoPrA sub-component to assess distinctive domains pertinent to ICS and Professionalism through multiple expert-built simulated-scenarios comparable to usual care. Evaluations included; inter-rater reliability of the faculty total score; the correlation between the total score by the SPs; and the average of the total score by two-faculty members. Participants were surveyed regarding acceptability, realism, and applicability of this experience. Eighty trainees and 25 faculty-raters from five medical residency training sites participated. ICC of the total score between faculty-raters was generally moderate (ICC range 0.44–0.58). There was on average a moderate linear relationship between the SPs and faculty total scores (Pearson correlations range 0.23–0.44). Majority of participants ascertained receiving a meaningful, immediate, and comprehensive patient-faculty feedback. This work substantiated that InCoPrA was a reliable, standardized, evidence-based, and user-friendly assessment tool for ICS and Professionalism milestones. Validating InCoPrA showed generally-moderate agreeability and high acceptability. Using InCoPrA also promoted engaging all stakeholders in medical education and training–faculty, learners, and SPs—using simulation-media as pathway for comprehensive feedback of milestones growth.
The CROWN act and dermatology: Taking a stand against race-based hair discrimination

Race-based hair discrimination continues to disadvantage people of color who have been sent home from school or dismissed from their jobs on the premise that certain hairstyles, such as dreadlocks and knots, do not meet standards of professionalism. The Create a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair (CROWN) Act, which was recently passed by several states and the House of Representatives, prohibits such discrimination based on a person's hair texture or hairstyle associated with race. Dermatologists serve a vital role in advocating for the skin and hair needs of all patients, spanning from the personal or clinical encounters level to population-level policy legislation. The act represents a critical opportunity for dermatologists to coalesce and support this important piece of legislation that defends skin of color and the fundamental human right to nondiscrimination.
Flora of Colorado, 2nd printing (2018) corrections

Jennifer Ackerfield. 2018. Flora of Colorado. 2nd printing with corrections. Sida, Botanical Miscellany 41. (ISSN: 0883-1475; ISBN-13: 978-1-889878-45-4, flexbind). Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press, 1700 University Dr., Fort Worth, Texas 76107, U.S.A. (Orders: www.shopbrit.org, orders@brit.org, 1-817-332-4441). $65.00, 818 pp., color photographs, maps, references, index, 7" × 10".
Maintaining a Bronx inpatient psychiatry service at full capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to present an overview of rapidly transformed workflows on our inpatient psychiatry service during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in New York. CONCLUSION: Rapidly transformed workflows, staffing patterns and discharge policies, as well as programs addressing the emotional and social needs of our staff enabled us to not only run our service without interruptions and maintain full inpatient census but also prevent the spread of COVID-19. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The challenges we faced and lessons we learned can be easily applied to other inpatient psychiatry services as we anticipate the second surge of COVID-19 infection.
Inherited Autoinflammatory Syndromes.

Autoinflammation describes a collection of diverse diseases caused by indiscriminate activation of the immune system in an antigen-independent manner. The rapid advancement of genetic diagnostics has allowed for the identification of a wide array of monogenic causes of autoinflammation. While the clinical picture of these syndromes is diverse, it is possible to thematically group many of these diseases under broad categories that provide insight into the mechanisms of disease and therapeutic possibilities. This review covers archetypical examples of inherited autoinflammatory diseases in five major categories: inflammasomopathy, interferonopathy, unfolded protein/cellular stress response, relopathy, and uncategorized. This framework can suggest where future work is needed to identify other genetic causes of autoinflammation, what types of diagnostics need to be developed to care for this patient population, and which options might be considered for novel therapeutic targeting. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, Volume 17 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Relaxation: What Happens Next?

We saw in the previous chapter that the power deposition provided by the RF (B1) leads to a higher-energy configuration for the sample of spins. To keep our discussion manageable, we will restrict ourselves to the case in which just the right amount of energy is added to generate a 90° flip of M0 (the NMV at rest). The manifestations of this higher-energy configuration can be described in two ways. First, longitudinal magnetization (Mz) has declined. Second, phase coherence of the precessing spins has developed, leading to net transverse magnetization (Mt). At the exact moment at which the NMV reaches 90°, Mz = 0 and Mt = M0.
HISTORY AND THE FUTURE OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION

. Philip Hefner identifies three settings in which to assess the future of science and religion: the academy, the public sphere, and the faith community. This essay argues that the discourse of science and religion could improve its standing within the secular academy in America by shifting the focus from theology to history. In the public sphere, the science-and-religion discourse could play an important role of promoting tolerance and respect toward the religious Other. For a given faith community (for example, Judaism) the discourse of science and religion can ensure future intellectual depth by virtue of study and ongoing interpretation. The essay challenges the suggestion to adopt irony as a desirable posture for science-and-religion discourse.
I, Hoca Nasserdin, Never Shall I Die: A Thematic Analysis of Hoca Stories

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Ilhan Basgoz and Pertev N. Boratav Year: 1998 Pages: xii + 165 Publisher: Indiana University Turkish Studies
Rationed and walrasian markets for the same good: A rational expectations determination of the relative prices

Abstract Consumers purchase a good on either a rationed or an equilibrating market. On the former, for price p1 the good is obtained instantly or with delay τ with probabilities Π and (1 − Π) respectively. On the latter the good is obtained instantly for p2. W define and derive the conditions for a rational expectations equilibrium for this problem.
Temperature-sensitive relaxed Phenotype in a stringent strain of Escherichia coli.

A temperature-sensitive elongation factor G (EF-G) mutation carried by a rel strain of Escherichia coli was transferred to a rel + strain. The recombinant (AA-10) was found to be temperature-sensitive “relaxed” for ribonucleic acid (RNA) regulation. However, when a temperature-sensitive EF-G is present in a strain temperature-sensitive for valyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase, this new strain (AA-16) is no longer temperature-sensitive “relaxed” for RNA regulation. In strain AA-10, all tRNAs remain fully charged, and in AA-16 tRNA val becomes completely discharged at the nonpermissive growth temperature. Also, synthesis of ppGpp is not observed in strain AA-10 at 42 C but is observed at 42 C in strain AA-16.
Astronomy in Christian Latin Europe c. 500 — c. 1150

L'astronomie est caracterisee au debut du Moyen Age par une etude arithmetique des mouvements du soleil et de la lune, associee a l'interpretation religieuse de la periode romaine
Teaching the College “Nones”: Christian Privilege and the Religion Professor

Working with undergraduate students invites teachers into relationship and conversation with young people at a time when they are emerging as adults and forming their identities. Faith is one area of identity formation often attended to by scholars, college professors, and their institutions. But within that, little attention has been paid to those who do not identify as religious. Additionally, “the overwhelming presence of Christianity at American institutions maintains it as the spiritual norm on campus. … Those within the spiritual norm gain a level of privilege that is often unconscious” (Seifert 2007, 11). This has an effect not only on nonreligious students but on any student who identifies as anything other than Christian; and it has a unique effect on teaching and learning in the religion classroom. In this article, I will explain what Christian privilege is, why it is a unique problem in the undergraduate religion classroom, and what teachers of religion might do in response to it. In the end, I argue that educators need to better understand the effects of Christian privilege in our classrooms and become allies to the nonreligious in particular by using pedagogies that include and support all students, in their many religious affiliations and unaffiliations.
A Method for Constructing Likert Scales

Likert scales may be tailored for any given instrument and semantics by performing a pretest using unmarked lines as continuous scales, measuring the distances marked by the respondents, and using cluster analysis to determine the optimal number and placement of scale points for the actual study. The tailor-made scale is likely to produce an instrument of higher precision than one constructed with an arbitrary number of scale points and arbitrary placement of the scale points.
Exotic structures arising from fake projective planes

We present examples of exotic structures on $$pP_\mathbb{C}^2 \# q\overline {P_\mathbb{C}^2 }$$ for some small p and q obtained naturally from quotients of fake projective planes in complex geometry, which are classified by the work of Prasad-Yeung and Cartwright-Steger.
Cultural determinants of population stability in the Havasupai Indians

From the time of the first census among the Havasupai Indians in 1776 to the 1940s when modern medicine and improved economic conditions led to a slight population expansion population among the Havasupai has been stable. In order to determine the significant factors responsible for the stability information relevant to the fertility morbidity mortality and emigration of the Havasupai was examined. An analysis of the data indicated that cultural practices which limit fertility are chiefly responsible. These include 1) late marrying age (25-30 years of age for women; 35-40 for the men); 2) an average age span of 11-12 years between husband and wife; 3) a high number of unmarried adults at any given time; 4) the spermatocidal effect of the popular steam bath; and 5) the suspected but not confirmed practice of infanticide and induced abortion.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
Anti-inflammatory modulation of chronic airway inflammation in the murine house dust mite model.

Abstract Asthma affects 300 million people worldwide and continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Disease relevant animal models of asthma are required for benchmarking of novel therapeutic mechanisms in comparison to established clinical approaches. We demonstrate that chronic exposure of mice to house dust mite (HDM) extract results in allergic airway inflammation, that can be significantly attenuated by therapeutic intervention with phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition and corticosteroid treatment. Female BALB/c mice were administered intranasally with HDM ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ) extract daily for five weeks, and therapeutic intervention with anti-inflammatory treatment (dexamethasone 1 mg/kg subcutaneous once daily, prednisolone 10 mg/kg orally twice daily, fluticasone 3, 10 and 30 μg intranasally twice daily, roflumilast 10 mg/kg orally twice daily and intranasally 10 and 30 μg twice daily) was initiated after three weeks of exposure. Chronic HDM extract exposure resulted in significant airway inflammation, demonstrated by bronchoalveolar lavage cell infiltration and lung tissue inflammatory gene expression by TaqMan low density array. Chronic steroid treatment significantly inhibited these parameters. In addition, roflumilast caused a significant reduction in airway inflammatory cell infiltration. We have demonstrated that chronic HDM-induced allergic inflammation can be significantly ameliorated by steroid treatment, and that phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition modulates inflammatory cell infiltration. Therefore, the murine HDM model may be a useful tool for evaluating new targets for the treatment of asthma.
The National Response to Richard M. Nixon's Black Capitalism Initiative: The Success of Domestic Detente

Richard M. Nixon viewed an uncontrolled Black Power movement as a major threat to the internal security of the United States (during the late 1960s and early 1970s). To address this situation, Nixon developed his Black capitalism initiative as a domestic version of his widely publicized foreign policy initiative of detente (which sought to "contain" the power of the Soviet Union and China). Moreover, just as Nixon and Henry Kissinger linked concessions associated with detente to Soviet and Chinese behavior modification, the Nixon presidency offered African Americans the notion of Black capitalism as an incentive to move away from the notion of "Bum Baby Bum" (Ambrose, 1989, pp. 125-126). Besides briefly examining the nuances of Nixon's Black capitalism initiative, this article will focus on the national discourse generated by this political maneuver. The evidence suggests that although Nixon did not achieve his institutional goals (campaign promises) related to Black capitalism, he did, indeed, achieve his larger ideological goal of subverting African American radicalism.
To include or to exclude? The policy question plaguing women's role in clinical trials.

Each year in the United States, one in four women dies from heart disease. 1 “In fact, coronary heart disease (CHD)—the most common type of heart disease—is the number one killer of both men and wo...