cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Covalent attachment of 125I-β nerve growth factor to its receptors on sympathetic neurons

When 125I-beta nerve growth factor binds to sympathetic and sensory neurons, some labeled ligand is sequestered (becomes inaccessible to the external milieu) in a time- and energy-dependent manner. It would appear that the higher affinity receptor (type I) participates in this process to a greater extent than does the lower affinity receptor (type II) [ Olender and Stach , 1980; Olender et al., 1981]. A small portion of the sequestered 125I-beta nerve growth factor is found as part of a high molecular weight complex. When cells, which have been incubated with 125I-beta nerve growth factor, are solubilized with Triton X-100 and subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a complex with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 240,000 is obtained. The formation of the covalent complex can be prevented by the prior addition of excess unlabeled beta nerve growth factor or sodium fluoride and dinitrophenol. The covalent 125I-beta nerve growth factor-receptor complex is dissociated in 50 mM dithiothreitol indicating that disulfide linkages are involved. At concentrations of beta nerve growth factor (3.8 X 10(-11) -3.8 X 10(-10) M) where maximal fiber outgrowth occurs in vitro, approximately 50-266 attomoles (0.3-1.6% of the type I receptors) of the covalent complex are formed per 10(7) nerve cells. These data suggest that a small portion of the 125I-beta nerve growth sequestered by sympathetic neurons becomes covalently attached to its receptor subsequent to its sequestration in a manner which appears to involve type I receptors.
The separation of geometrical isomers and mixed ligand forms of cobalt(III) and chromium(III) β-diketonates by high-pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract Pairs of geometrical isomers of octahedral cobalt(III) and chromium(III) chelates of trifluoroacetylacetone, benzoylacetylacetone and 2,2-dimethylhexane-3,5-dione can be separated by adsorption h.p.l.c. on silica. Trends in elution and required solvent systems are noted and chelate elution is substantiated by mass spectral analysis of collected peaks. Mixed ligand chromium β-diketonates of trifluoroacetylacetone and hexafluoroacetylacetone are resolved in both isocratic and gradient elution modes. Detection with a chromium-specific d.c. argon plasma is reported; mass spectrometry is applied to elucidate elution patterns.
Behavior of Lake Trout Sac Fry: Vertical Movement at Different Developmental Stages

Behavior of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) fry is not well understood but could affect the role of predation on recruitment. Movement out of the substrate as sac fry could expose fry to predation. The purpose of this study was to compare vertical movement of lake trout sac fry at different developmental stages, to describe their diel movement patterns, and to examine the distance that sac fry will swim off the bottom. Fry traps set at three heights were used to capture fry moving out of rock substrate in laboratory tanks. Movement out of the substrate occurred at the sac fry stage, steadily increased as fry advanced developmentally, and peaked at swimbladder filling. Catch of fry was always greatest at night. Few to no fry were captured during daylight hours. Catch of fry was usually greatest in traps near the bottom (17 cm off the bottom), but sac fry were regularly captured in traps set 37 and 57 cm off the bottom during all stages of development. These results show that lake trout sac fry move out of the substrate at night before swimbladder filling and thus, could suffer from predation by fishes that feed at night near the bottom.
Effective communication: Tips on technical writing [DSP Education]

The impact of a technical article may have as much to do with how well it is presented as with the engineering or scientific significance of the work. A well-written article is easier to understand and easier to remember; the more readers that remember your work, the higher the likelihood it will get cited. This article reviews some basic principles and discusses a few tips (dos and don'ts) about writing technical papers.
A simple method of analyzing profiles in time-difference direct optical scanning gel chromatography

A simple method is presented for the analysis of time-difference, large-zone chromatography profiles. The method is derived from basic theory and is applicable to multicomponent as well as single-component systems. Simple computer simulations are used to demonstrate the inaccuracies of earlier, more empirical methods. This method has been tested on several proteins using an inexpensive, semi-automated, data acquisition and control system.
Spike-time reliability of periodically driven integrate-and-fire neurons

The response of model neurons driven by a periodic current converges onto mode-locked attractors. Reliability, de%ned as the noise stability of the attractor, was studied as a function of the drive frequency and noise strength. For weak noise, the neuron remained on one attractor and reliability was high. For intermediate noise strength, transitions between attractors occurred. For strong noise, mode locking became unstable. The attractor was most stable for frequencies for which the neuron produced one spike on each cycle. The prediction of a reliability resonance as a function of drive frequency has been observed in vitro in cortical neurons. c � 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Comparative performance of paleoclimate field and index reconstructions derived from climate proxies and noise‐only predictors

[1] The performance of climate field reconstruction (CFR) and index reconstruction methods is evaluated using proxy and non-informative predictor experiments. The skill of both reconstruction methods is determined using proxy data targeting the western region of North America. The results are compared to those targeting the same region, but derived from non-informative predictors comprising red-noise time series reflecting the full temporal autoregressive structure of the proxy network. All experiments are performed as probabilistic ensembles, providing estimated Monte Carlo distributions of reconstruction skill. Results demonstrate that the CFR skill distributions from proxy data are statistically distinct from and outperform the corresponding skill distributions generated from non-informative predictors; similar relative performance is demonstrated for the index reconstructions. In comparison to the CFR results using proxy information, the index reconstructions exhibit similar skill in calibration, but somewhat less skill in validation and a tendency to underestimate the amplitude of the validation period mean.
An investigation of eye lens dose for gamma knife treatments of trigeminal neuralgia

Stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery has been widely used for treating trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A single large fractional dose of 7000 to 9000 cGy is commonly prescribed as the maximum dose for these treatments. For this reason, if a small percentage of the prescribed dose such as 2-3% scattered to the eye, it could reach or even exceed the tolerance dose of the lens. For several TN cases, we found that the Leksell Gamma Plan system calculates the lens dose about 0.5-2% of the maximum dose independent of the use of eye shielding. These dose values are significantly high and it motivated us to investigate the lens dose for the TN patients treated with stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Phantom studies and in vivo dosimetry measurements were carried out for six patients treated at our institution. The average dose to the lens ipsilateral to the treated nerve was measured to be 7.7+/-0.6 cGy. Based on the biological model of Lyman and Emami [Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 21, 109-122 (1991)], the probability of the lens complication (cataract) was determined to be 0.1%. Our findings suggest that few TN patients would develop cataracts after receiving Gamma Knife radiosurgery.
Suboptimal algorithms for worst case identification and model validation

New algorithms based on convex programming are proposed for worst case system identification. The algorithms are optimal within a factor of two asymptotically. Further, model validation, or data consistency is embedded in the identification process. Explicit worst case identification error bounds in H/sup /spl infin// norm are also derived for both uniformly and nonuniformly spaced frequency response samples. >
Stakeholder Perspectives on Workplace Health Promotion: A Qualitative Study of Midsized Employers in Low-Wage Industries

Abstract Purpose. Study goals were to (1) describe stakeholder perceptions of workplace health promotion (WHP) appropriateness, (2) describe barriers and facilitators to implementing WHP, (3) learn the extent to which WHP programs are offered to workers' spouses and partners and assess attitudes toward including partners in WHP programs, and (4) describe willingness to collaborate with nonprofit agencies to offer WHP. Design. Five 1.5-hour focus groups. Setting. The focus groups were conducted with representatives of midsized (100–999 workers) workplaces in the Seattle metropolitan area, Washington state. Subjects. Thirty-four human resources professionals in charge of WHP programs and policies from five low-wage industries: accommodation/food services, manufacturing, health care/social assistance, education, and retail trade. Measures. A semistructured discussion guide. Analysis. Qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts using grounded theory to identify themes. Results. Most participants viewed WH...
Automatic generation of hypertext system repositories: a model driven approach

In this paper, we present a model-driven methodology and toolset for automatic generation of hypertext system repositories. Our code generator, called Bamboo, is based on a Containment Modeling Framework (CMF) that uniformly describes data models for hypertext systems. CMF employs a lightweight modeling approach in which entities (system abstractions) and containment relationships are used to model hypertext system repositories. Given a description of a system repository data model using CMF, as well as a specification of the mapping between the domain specific roles (link, version history, etc.) and the entity definitions, Bamboo can generate an open hypertext repository that matches the specification. The benefits of this approach include a shorter development cycle, lower design and implementation costs, fewer design faults, a standard repository API, and extensibility for adding new features. We validate our approach by automatically generating repositories in accordance with the models of five existing hypertext systems. We also demonstrate the extensibility of our approach by quickly building a GUI client on top of a repository, and then subsequently adding version control capabilities by altering the containment model and regenerating the system.
Characterization of x-shaped nanoaperture antenna arrays operating in mid-infrared regime

The characterization of x-shaped antenna arrays operating in the mid-infrared is proposed. An equivalent circuit model for the resonant characteristic of the x-shaped nanoaperture antenna arrays is also included. In order to understand the resonance behavior of the structure, a detailed study of the field-enhancement capabilities and light transmission characteristics of the structure is proposed. In the experimental studies, the transmission characteristics of the periodic x-apertures are analyzed by varying the geometrical dimensions. Consequently, it is observed that the periodic subwavelength x-apertures show extremely high near-field optical resolution and enhanced transmission compared with the other nm-sized apertures.
Intervention to Enhance Communication About Newly Prescribed Medications

PURPOSE Physicians prescribing new medications often do not convey important medication-related information. This study tests an intervention to improve physi- cian-patient communication about newly prescribed medications. METHODS We conducted a controlled clinical trial of patients in 3 primary care practices, combining data from patient surveys with audio-recorded physician- patient interactions. The intervention consisted of a 1-hour physician-targeted interactive educational session encouraging communication about 5 basic ele- ments regarding a new prescription and a patient information handout listing the 5 basic elements. Main outcome measures were the Medication Communication Index (MCI), a 5-point index assessed by qualitative analysis of audio-recorded interactions (giving points for discussion of medication name, purpose, directions for use, duration of use, and side effects), and patient ratings of physician com- munication about new prescriptions. RESULTS Twenty-seven physicians prescribed 113 new medications to 82 of 256 patients. The mean MCI for medications prescribed by physicians in the interven- tion group was 3.95 (SD = 1.02), signifi cantly higher than that for medications prescribed by control group physicians (2.86, SD = 1.23, P <.001). This effect held regardless of medication type (chronic vs nonchronic medication). Counsel- ing about 3 of the 5 MCI components was signifi cantly higher for medications prescribed by physicians in the intervention group, as were patients' ratings of new medication information transfer (P = .02). Independent of intervention or control groups, higher MCI scores were associated with better patient ratings about information about new prescriptions (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS A physician-targeted educational session improved the content of and enhanced patient ratings of physician communication about new medication prescriptions. Further work is required to assess whether improved communica- tion stimulated by the intervention translates into better clinical outcomes.
On the Grouping of Tasks into Firms: Make‐or‐Buy with Interdependent Parts*

We study the division of labor within production systems and look for the optimal grouping of tasks into firms. Using a unique dataset on the global automobile industry, we present evidence consistent with the prediction that pairs of tasks requiring more frequent mutual adaptation are more likely to be performed by the same firm. By taking account of interdependencies between tasks, our econometric approach generalizes standard make-or-buy analysis and yields improvements in predictive accuracy.
Direct-Write Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposite Fibers

The unique properties of carbon-nanotube (CNT)-doped polymers have generated several promising applications including gas sensors, high-strength/light-weight materials, and electromagnetic interference shielding. The ability to process CNT-doped materials into complex architectures may enable further advancement of these devices. We have developed a direct-write technique for processing CNT-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into 3D arrays of precisely-positioned fibers with micro- and sub-microscale diameters. In this method, a programmable micromanipulator-controlled syringe was loaded with solvated CNT/PMMA and utilized to draw an array of freely-suspended solution filaments on a substrate in a “connect-the-dots” fashion. As the filaments are drawn, they are thinned by surface tension-driven necking as they dry and form solid fibers. The degree of thinning can be controlled by varying the viscosity of the solution, which acts to resist the necking while the volatile solvent evaporates and solidification occurs. Multiple fibers were drawn to investigate the effects of several factors on fiber diameter and process yield. These variables included fiber length (4, 8, and 18 mm), fiber drawing velocity (5 and 20 mm/s), polymer concentration in solution (22 and 24% by wt.), and CNT concentration in solution (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5% by wt.), with the latter two of these variables strongly influencing solution viscosity. Measurement of the fibers via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed several trends: Fiber diameter was not influenced by CNT concentration, but increased with increasing PMMA concentration (P 100 μm. Furthermore, fiber yield exceeded 75% for all tested solutions except for the lowest viscosity CNT-doped solution (24% PMMA/0.5% CNT, η=50.1 Pa*s), which experienced capillary breakup prior to solidification. The conductivities of direct-write PMMA/CNT fibers ranged from <10-7to 0.15 S/m, with shorter fibers having higher conductivities (P<10.005). Also, fibers drawn from solutions with 1.0% CNTs had higher conductivities that those drawn from solutions with 0.5% or 1.5% CNTs (P<0.01). This nonlinear trend was further investigated by cleaving fibers in liquid nitrogen and imaging their cross-sections with an SEM. This analysis illustrated that the CNTs, which were functionalized to remain dispersed in the solvent, tended to randomly aggregate within the polymer-fiber matrix, particularly for fibers drawn from solutions containing 1.5% CNTs. In conclusion, CNT/PMMA fibers were successfully drawn with the direct-write technique and CNT doping had no significant influence on fiber diameter or yield compared with fibers drawn from PMMA homopolymer. However, the CNTs were found to strongly aggregate when drawn from solutions loaded at high concentrations (1.5%), thereby hindering electrical transport.
Sea urchin cleavage is inhibited by ozone

The first cell division of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryos which normally occurs at 84 min postinsemination (at 17°C) was specifically blocked by exposure to small amounts of ozone at 30 min postinsemination. Exposure of embryos to the same ozone level at 60 min postinsemination was teratogenic but did not block cell division. Previous work [Sweet et al, Science 209:931–933, 1980] using normal and several cancerous human cell lines showed that ozone blocked growth and proliferation; the present work shows that ozone specifically inhibits cleavage of sea urchin embryo cells that do not grow during the period of early development.
Associative thinking in schizophrenia: a contextualist approach.

Explored the question of whether responses that appeared to be highly pathological on the basis of the word association test did indeed reflect an underlying aberrant associative process or whether the associations actually had a greater degree of meaning than was evident from the test (N = 60). Utilizing contextualist techniques designed by the authors, which were analogous to the word association test but yet measured schizophrenic associative thinking in specific contexts that more closely approximated natural language situations, the quality and purposiveness of the schizophrenics' associations were examined. The word association test technique was judged to be inadequate by itself to account for underlying associative processes involved in schizophrenic associative thought disorder. A majority of responses (70% schizophrenic, 81% nonschizophrenic) judged to be pathological on the basis of the word association test alone became meaningful in the context of a sentence created by the Ss to explain purposively their associations. The schizophrenics' experience of a stimulus word and consequent associations to that word became clearer when placed within an appropriate context (i.e., a sentence), rather than examined as isolated semantic features (as in the word association test).
Salmonellosis Control: Estimated Economic Costs

Salmonellosis, a common human intestinal disorder primarily caused by Salmonella-contaminated meats and poultry, was estimated to cost Americans around one billion dollars in 1987. Only medical costs and productivity losses were included in the estimate of costs of the two million cases estimated to occur annually. If pain and suffering, lost leisure time, and chronic disease costs could be easily quantified, the estimate would increase significantly. Other procedures for calculating the value of life could change the estimates of economic benefits of reducing human salmonellosis. Incorporating losses to farmers, whose animals have reduced feed efficiency, reduced weight gain, or deaths because of chronic salmonellosis, would increase the size of estimates. Costs of food safety regulatory programs and costs to the industry for product recalls and plant closures due to foodborne salmonellosis outbreaks, if included, would also increase the size of estimates. The National Academy of Sciences has endorsed risk assessment as a necessary method for evaluating and improving food safety regulatory programs, especially as applied to Salmonella contamination of poultry. This report reviews and updates research on cost estimates of salmonellosis. Understanding the costs of salmonellosis is an important part of risk assessment, as a key objective of regulatory programs is reducing human salmonellosis.
Comparative geographic and environmental diversity dynamics of gastropods and bivalves during the Ordovician Radiation

Bivalves and gastropods, prominent members of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna, are traditionally noted for sharing remarkably similar global diversity trajectories and environmental distributions throughout the Phanerozoic. By comparing their fossil occurrences at several scales within a finely resolved geographic, environmental, and temporal framework, it is possible to eval- uate whether such similarities are caused primarily by intrinsic macroevolutionary factors or ex- trinsic ecological factors. Using a database of 7779 global gastropod and bivalve genus occurrences, we investigate the geographical and environmental attributes of bivalves and gastropods during the Ordovician Period at scales ranging from global, to a comparison among five paleocontinents, to an intracontinental comparison of four regions within Laurentia. Although both classes shared statistically indistinguishable global diversity trajectories and broadly similar environmental dis- tributions during the Ordovician, their environmental distributions differed in several significant features. Furthermore, the diversity trajectories and environmental distributions of these classes differed significantly among paleocontinents and among regions within Laurentia. Bivalves were consistently most diverse in deeper water, siliciclastic-rich settings in higher-latitude paleoconti- nents whereas gastropods were consistently most diverse in shallower, carbonate-rich settings in more-equatorial paleocontinents. Notably, these environmental differences were robust to chang- ing physical parameters within paleocontinents, with each class consistently tracking its preferred environmental setting. These results suggest that environmental factors played significant, albeit distinct, roles in the Ordovician diversifications of gastropods and bivalves. However, their similar global diversity trajectories suggest that shared, intrinsic macroevolutionary attributes also may have played an important role in the evolution of these classes during the Ordovician Radiation.
Routine diversion of patients with STEMI to high-volume PCI centres: modelling the financial impact on referral hospitals

Objective To quantify possible revenue losses from proposed ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient diversion policies for small hospitals that lack high-volume percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability status (ie, ‘STEMI referral hospitals’). Background Negative financial impacts on STEMI referral hospitals have been discussed as an important barrier to implementing regional STEMI bypass/transfer protocols. However, there is little empirical data available that directly quantifies this potential financial impact. Methods Using detailed financial charges from Florida hospital discharge data, we examined the potential negative financial impact on 112 STEMI referral hospitals from losing all inpatient STEMI revenue. The main outcome was projected revenue loss (PRL), defined as total annual patient with STEMI charges as a proportion of total annual charges for all patients. We hypothesised that for most community hospitals (>90%), STEMI revenue represented only a small fraction of total revenue ( Results PRLs were $0.33 for every $100 of patient revenue statewide for STEMI and $1.73 for ACS. At the individual hospital level, the 90th centile PRL was $0.74 for STEMI and $2.77 for ACS. PRLs for STEMI were not greater in rural areas compared with major metropolitan areas. Hospital revenue centres that would be most impacted by loss of patients with STEMI were cardiology procedures and intensive care units. Conclusions Loss of patient with STEMI revenues would result in only a small financial impact on STEMI referral hospitals in Florida under proposed STEMI diversion/rapid transfer protocols. However, spillover loss of patients with ACS would increase revenue loss for many hospitals.
Method study of reducing axial ratio of microstrip-patch phased-array antenna

A microstrip-patch antenna unit with normal axial ratio less than 3dB was designed,through simulation and optimization.The antenna unit was right-handed circular polarized(RHCP).Using the achieved microstrip-patch antenna unit,a microstrip-patch phased-array antenna containing 9 such units was constructed,and its S11 parameter was less than –16 dB,gain was more than 13 dB and axial ratio was less than 3 dB.Aiming to reduce the axial ratio of the antenna,several methods of array arrangement were proposed.Results show that the axial ratio is less than 0.2 dB.Through analysis and summarization,the general method of reducing axial ratio of microstrip-patch phased-array antenna is obtained.
Analysis on monitoring data of birth defects in Chizhou from 2009 to 2010

Objective:To analyze the incidence and change trend of perinatal birth defects in Chizhou in recent years,provide a basis for reducing the incidence of birth defects. Methods:The monitoring data of 45 935 cases of perinatal in 9 Birth defects monitoring hospitals from 2009 to 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Results:From 2009 to 2014,the incidence of birth defects in Chizhou was 6.01‰,the common types of birth defects included cleft lip or / and cleft palate,polydactyly,Outer ear deformity,congenital heart disease. the incidence of neural tube defects in Chizhou from 2009 to 2014 showed in the declining trend year by year,the incidence of birth defects of male perinatal infants was higher than that of female perinatal infants(P0.05). Conclusion:Carrying out tertiary prevention actively and adopting comprehensive interventional measures contribute to reducing the incidence of birth defects.
The Strict Locality of Phonological Processes

This paper addresses the question of ‘what is a possible phonological process’ from a computational perspective. Many previous studies have offered explanations for why certain processes are attested and/or common while others are unattested or rare (see Hume & Johnson 2001, Hayes et al. 2004, Blevins 2004, among others). Following work on phonotactics by Heinz (2007, 2009, 2010), the goal of the present study is to demonstrate the extent to which computational properties can distinguish the subset of what is phonologically possible from the larger set of logically possible processes. Specifically, I identify a strong computational property of the mapping from underlying representation (UR) to surface representation (SR) in local phonological processes. This property is called Input Strict Locality (ISL) after the well-studied Strictly Local formal languages (McNaughton & Papert 1971, Rogers & Pullum 2011, Rogers et al. 2013). I demonstrate that this property has broad empirical coverage and describe its utility in phonological learning.
Defensive Strategy Against a Private Label: Building Brand Equity

We build a game-theoretic model of price competition between a national brand manufacturer and a retailer that also sells its private label. In particular, we examine brand-equity building as a strategy for the national brand manufacturer. We find that brand building should be the first line of defense instead of aggressively cutting the wholesale price. Not only the national brand but also the retailer can benefit from it, which can justify cost sharing of brand-building efforts with the retailer.
Of Neanderthal Hillbillies, Origin Myths and Stone Tools: Notes on Upper Paleolithic Assemblage Variability

(1978). Of Neanderthal Hillbillies, Origin Myths and Stone Tools: Notes on Upper Paleolithic Assemblage Variability. Lithic Technology: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 36-39.
Managing automation for results: completing tasks while participative planning proceeds

L'automatisation d'un service documentaire ou d'une bibliotheque est difficile a concevoir. Trop souvent elabores sans l'aide des personnels et des utilisateurs concernes, les choix informatiques se revelent inadaptes ou insuffisants. L'exemple suivi a la bibliotheque l'Universite de Cincinnati s'est deroule en quatre phases qui ont combine une participation active de tous les interesses avec des essais repetes des materiels proposes
Criticism, Critique, and Crisis in Assessing the Work of René Girard

Perhaps it is time to begin the second stage of Rene Girard’s passing: the labor of a full critical assessment of his life’s work. In preparation, I thought I might consider some of the misunderstandings to which his work has been subject. After briefly recalling Girard’s three big ideas (mimetic desire, sacrificial violence and the scapegoat mechanism, scriptural revelation of the founding murder), I will suggest the most common misapprehensions: (1) the idea of the innocent victim; (2) the idea that there is a good and a bad mimesis; and (3) the relation between Girardianism and the ethical. Other issues remain to be clarified. Among them are the following ideas: (1) that Girardian thinking is scientific; (2) that it is not an advocacy of any kind but a way of producing knowledge; (3) that the center of gravity remains the process of sacrificial genesis and the scapegoat mechanism, mimetic desire, and their scriptural revelation serve that end; (4) that violence is not a thing or essence but difference gone wrong; and finally (5) that Girardian thinking is not an essentialism; it is not about what is “really” good, true, beautiful, or present but strategies of doing and acting. We best honor the work of our teachers and foremost thinkers by endeavoring to get it right for future generations for whom we, who have known the individual personally, remain a conduit.
The Spatial Properties of Radical Environmental Organizations in the UK: Do or Die!

Radical environmental groups and their members have a wide and varied agenda which often encompasses both local and global issues. In their efforts to call attention to environmental problems, communicate with like-minded groups, and mobilize support for their activities, radical environmental organizations also produce an enormous amount of text, which can be used to estimate the complex communications and task-based networks that underlie these organizations. Moreover, the tactics employed to garnish attention for these groups’ agenda can range from peaceful activities such as information dissemination to violent activities such as fire-bombing buildings. To obtain these varied objectives, radical environmental organizations must harness their networks, which have an important spatial component that structures their ability to communicate, coordinate and act on any given agenda item. Here, we analyze a network built from communications and information provided by the semi-annual “Do or Die” (DoD) magazine published in the UK over a 10 year period in the late 1990s and early 2000s. We first employ structural topic model methods to discover violent and nonviolent actors within the larger environmental community. Using this designation, we then compare the spatial structure of these groups, finding that violent groups are especially likely to engage in coordination and/or communication if they are sufficiently close, but exhibit a quickly decreasing probability of interaction over even a few kilometers. Further, violent and nonviolent groups each have a higher probability of coordination with their own group than across groups over even short distances. In these respects, we see that violent groups are especially local in their organization and that their geographic reach is likely very limited. This suggests that nonviolent environmental groups seek each other out over both large and short distances for communication and coordination, but violent groups tend to be highly localized.
Uncertainties in the transient capture-zone estimates

Capture zones of water-supply wells are a widely used analysis tool for protection of groundwater resources. Transient analyses of capture zones provide a more complete assessment than the more commonly applied steady-state analyses. Previously, we have demonstrated that advection-only analyses can produce biased transient capture-zone estimates. Therefore, it is important to consider the dispersion of contaminant plumes. Here, we extend our study to incorporate temporal and spatial distribution in the contaminant sources and their respective uncertainties. Our analysis indicates that the capture-zone estimates can be very sensitive to the transients in contaminant releases. Even relatively small uncertainties in the contaminant source, when combined with transient flow effects associated with natural variability of gradients or water supply well pumping, can cause significant uncertainties in capture-zone estimates. This conclusion has important practical implications. The locations and times at which contaminants reach the aquifer are often very uncertain, especially in cases for which upstream source release history and vadose zone transport rates are poorly known. The resulting capture-zone estimates in such systems can be, in effect, completely uncertain. Our current work demonstrates some of the theoretical and computational challenges that we face in the estimation of predictive uncertainties.
Roles of Sumoylation in mRNA Processing and Metabolism.

SUMO has gained prominence as a regulator in a number of cellular processes. The roles of sumoylation in RNA metabolism, however, while considerable, remain less well understood. In this chapter we have assembled data from proteomic analyses, localization studies and key functional studies to extend SUMO’s role to the area of mRNA processing and metabolism. Proteomic analyses have identified multiple putative sumoylation targets in complexes functioning in almost all aspects of mRNA metabolism, including capping, splicing and polyadenylation of mRNA precursors. Possible regulatory roles for SUMO have emerged in pre-mRNA 3′ processing, where SUMO influences the functions of polyadenylation factors and activity of the entire complex. SUMO is also involved in regulating RNA editing and RNA binding by hnRNP proteins, and recent reports have suggested the involvement of the SUMO pathway in mRNA export. Together, these reports suggest that SUMO is involved in regulation of many aspects of mRNA metabolism and hold the promise for exciting future studies.
Descending septal branch of right coronary artery: Rare, but important in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A 54year old man with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was evaluated for alcohol septal ablation. However there were no sizeable septal branches from the left anterior descending artery supplying the basal septum. He was found to have a rare variant, the descending septal branch from ostial right coronary artery and underwent ablation through the same. We describe our case and the relevant literature available for use of this anatomical variant in alcohol septal ablation.
An Assay Based on SAMDI Mass Spectrometry for Profiling Protein Interaction Domains

This paper describes an assay that can profile the binding of a protein to ligands and can rank the affinities of a library of ligands. The method is based on the enhanced rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction that follows from colocalization of the enzyme and substrate by a protein–ligand interaction. This assay uses a self-assembled monolayer that presents a candidate peptide ligand for a receptor and a peptide substrate for an enzyme. The receptor is prepared as a fusion to the relevant enzyme so that binding of the receptor to the immobilized ligand brings the enzyme to the surface, where it can more rapidly modify its substrate. The extent of conversion of the substrate to product is therefore a measure of the average time the ligand–receptor complex is present and is quantified using the SAMDI mass spectrometry technique. The approach is used to profile the binding of chromodomain proteins to methylated lysine peptides derived from the histone 3 protein. The relative affinities for the peptide ligands...
Conclusion: That’s Not How Geek Masculinity Works!

Our examination of US geek masculinity is inherently critiquing a moving target. As we consider emerging trends in cultural discourse and upcoming and recent released, we note the continued influence of mainstreaming on defining geek as part of hegemonic masculinity. Even as communities within geekdom rally to resist this perceived erasure of the straight white man as geek ideal, the discourse these conflicts have enabled holds the potential to shape the future of popular culture as more inclusive and diverse in portrayals of gender norms and possibilities.
Allogeneic iPSC-Derived RPE Cell Graft Failure Following Transplantation Into the Subretinal Space in Nonhuman Primates.

Purpose To characterize the intraocular immune response following transplantation of iPS-derived allogeneic RPE cells into the subretinal space of non-immune-suppressed rhesus macaques. Methods GFP-labeled allogeneic iPS-derived RPE cells were transplanted into the subretinal space of one eye (n = 6), and into the contralateral eye 1 day to 4 weeks later, using a two-stage transretinal and transscleral approach. Retinas were examined pre- and post-surgery by color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. Animals were euthanized between 2 hours and 7 weeks following transplantation. T-cell (CD3), B-cell (CD20), and microglial (Iba1) responses were assessed immunohistochemically. Results Cells were delivered into the subretinal space in all eyes without leakage into the vitreous. Transplanted RPE cells were clearly visible at 4 days after surgery but were no longer detectable by 3 weeks. In localized areas within the bleb containing transplanted cells, T- and B-cell infiltrates and microglia were observed in the subretinal space and underlying choroid. A T-cell response predominated at 4 days, but converted to a B-cell response at 3 weeks. By 7 weeks, few infiltrates or microglia remained. Host RPE and choroid were disrupted in the immediate vicinity of the graft, with fibrosis in the subretinal space. Conclusions Engraftment of allogeneic RPE cells failed following transplantation into the subretinal space of rhesus macaques, likely due to rejection by the immune system. These data underscore the need for autologous cell sources and/or confirmation of adequate immune suppression to ensure survival of transplanted RPE cells.
Actuator-Assisted Calibration of Freehand 3D Ultrasound System

Freehand three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound has been used independently of other technologies to analyze complex geometries or registered with other imaging modalities to aid surgical and radiotherapy planning. A fundamental requirement for all freehand 3D ultrasound systems is probe calibration. The purpose of this study was to develop an actuator-assisted approach to facilitate freehand 3D ultrasound calibration using point-based phantoms. We modified the mathematical formulation of the calibration problem to eliminate the need of imaging the point targets at different viewing angles and developed an actuator-assisted approach/setup to facilitate quick and consistent collection of point targets spanning the entire image field of view. The actuator-assisted approach was applied to a commonly used cross wire phantom as well as two custom-made point-based phantoms (original and modified), each containing 7 collinear point targets, and compared the results with the traditional freehand cross wire phantom calibration in terms of calibration reproducibility, point reconstruction precision, point reconstruction accuracy, distance reconstruction accuracy, and data acquisition time. Results demonstrated that the actuator-assisted single cross wire phantom calibration significantly improved the calibration reproducibility and offered similar point reconstruction precision, point reconstruction accuracy, distance reconstruction accuracy, and data acquisition time with respect to the freehand cross wire phantom calibration. On the other hand, the actuator-assisted modified "collinear point target" phantom calibration offered similar precision and accuracy when compared to the freehand cross wire phantom calibration, but it reduced the data acquisition time by 57%. It appears that both actuator-assisted cross wire phantom and modified collinear point target phantom calibration approaches are viable options for freehand 3D ultrasound calibration.
Dislocation-type evolution in quasi-statically compressed polycrystalline nickel

Abstract The nature of dislocation generation as a function of applied plastic strain in quasi-statically compressed polycrystalline pure nickel has been studied experimentally at ambient temperature. First, to ensure representative datasets of the geometrically-necessary dislocation densities (ρGND) associated with non-uniform plastic deformation, measurements over large (several millimeter square) areas were made using Hough-based EBSD methods. In addition, the total dislocation density (ρT) responsible for the overall work hardening is estimated from the measured flow stress based on Taylor's hardening model. Next, the statistically stored dislocation (SSD) density (ρSSD) is calculated by subtracting the GND density from the total dislocation density. The results demonstrate that in quasi-statically deformed nickel: i) the measured GND density varies linearly as a function of plastic strain in the range between 0.05 and 0.46; although Ashby's model predicts linearity for GND density evolution over entire range of strains, this study does not cover strains below 0.05; ii) the SSD density increases at a rate much faster than GND density; and iii) the SSD density exceeds the GND density at above 0.09 plastic strain. Both i) and ii) are in agreement with Ashby's prediction, while the magnitudes of GND density (iii) differ from Ashby's model prediction, particularly at large applied strains. Overall, this study enables the interplay of GNDs and SSDs in the hardening of nickel to be gleaned in a quantitative sense. This study illustrates that GNDs are the more important for the strength of polycrystalline metals in the early stages of work hardening, whereas SSDs contribute more to the strength at larger strains. Over the range of strain in this study, work hardening is predominantly through rapid multiplication of SSDs; whereas the GND density is initially higher than SSD density at 0.05 probably due to non-linear evolution of GNDs at low strains (
Open Field Hydroponics: Concept and Application

Advanced citrus production systems that combine grove design, size limiting rootstocks, irrigation and nutrient management, and mechanical harvesting have the potential to make citrus more efficient and economically competitive. Recently, the open hydroponic system (OHS) of citrus production has been combined with orchard design to achieve these efficiencies. Open hydroponics are defined as a system of management practices aimed at increased productivity of citrus orchards by continuously applying a balanced nutrient mixture through the irrigation system, limiting the root zone by restricting the number of drippers per tree and maintaining the soil moisture in the rooted zone near field capacity. Concepts of OHS are to maximize water and nutrient use efficiency through improved nutrient availability to concentrate roots in the irrigated zone. These concepts are accomplished through intensive water and nutrient management and results in increased early growth, sustained yields, and reduced nutrient leaching. Additional horticultural principles employed include higher tree density with size-controlling rootstocks grown on soil ridges, if needed, for improved drainage. Limited published information is available for citrus grown under OHS conditions. However, one study reported that orchards on OHS have outgrown trees on conventional production systems and appear to be more productive. Canopy volumes increased by approximately three times and fruit volume by more than five times per unit of N after 4 years of intensive management compared with conventionally grown trees in replicated trials. Yield increases approaching 30% have been reported from several studies in many citrus-producing regions of the world. Use of this advanced production system may maintain higher levels of productivity through improved water and nutrient use efficiencies resulting in improved short- and long-term economic returns, particularly in citrus industries infected with diseases such as Citrus Greening.
Motivational Dynamics in Encounters

Motivation is a complex and, surprisingly, not a well-understood dynamic in the social sciences. I see motivation as the energy that drives individuals to behave in certain ways; and while a great deal of motivation among humans is idiosyncratic and tied to each person’s biography, there are certain universal motives that drive the formation and operation of encounters. I see these motivations as need-states in the sense that individuals have a relatively small set of persistent needs that they seek to meet in virtually all encounters, especially focused encounters. These universal need-states may be supplemented by a host of additional needs that are unique to individuals or particular situations, but of most importance to theorizing about the dynamics of encounters is the recognition that there certain need-states are always present. If individuals can meet these needs, they will experience a range of positive emotions, whereas if these needs cannot be realized, they feel negative emotions that will lead them to leave the encounter or sanction those who are perceived to have thwarted efforts to meet these universal needs.
Towards elastic operating systems

Realizing elasticity in cloud applications today is often a cumbersome process, requiring applications to integrate with services like elastic load balancers and/or be rewritten to accommodate distributed frameworks like map/reduce or cluster-based operating systems. In this paper, we introduce the concept of ElasticOS, which enables a process (or even a single thread) to stretch its associated resource boundaries across multiple machines automatically, expanding and contracting on demand without requiring the application to be redesigned or configured with a complex combination of additional tools and frameworks. Our initial implementation within Linux 3.2 and a study of a MySQL execution trace provide hope that the ElasticOS vision is achievable.