cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal microarray use among women undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis.

Objective To study the offer and uptake of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) among women undergoing invasive prenatal testing. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of women who underwent chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. Charts were reviewed for CMA offer and uptake, in additional to clinical and demographic variables. Results One hundred forty-one women underwent CVS (n = 53) or amniocentesis (n = 91) over the study period. Overall, 41% of women underwent CMA. Women who underwent invasive testing for a fetal structural abnormality were more likely to undergo CMA than women who underwent invasive testing for all other indications (aOR 43.18, 95% CI 4.64 – 401.58). Chromosomal microarray was offered more often to women who primarily spoke English (p < 0.001), self-identified as white (p = 0.046) and did not receive prenatal care in a community health center (p = 0.044). Statistically significant differences in CMA uptake by race/ethnicity, language, insurance or provider type were not noted. Multiparous women were less likely to accept this test than nulliparas (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17 – 0.86). Conclusion Women who undergo invasive fetal testing are more likely to undergo CMA if the indication is for a fetal structural anomaly. There may be important demographic disparities in the offering of CMA which bear further exploration. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of occupational disease incidence in Meixian from 1996 to 2011

Objective To understand the occupational disease incidence in Meixian and provide scientific basis for occupa-tional disease control and prevention.Methods According to occupational disease report cards and occupational disease survey data,the occupational disease incidence in Meixian from 1996 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Fifty-six cases occupational disease and occupational poisoning were reported in Meixian from 1996 to 2011,3 cases died and fa-tality rate was 5.4%.occupational disease for more cases was dispersed,by a single disease characteristics(pneumoconiosis) to acute and chronic multiple diseases coexist,but pneumoconiosis was still frequently-occurring disease(71.4%),followed by organic solvent poisoning(21.4%),hearing impairment and heatstroke each accounted for 3.6%.3 cases deaths,respec-tively for 2 cases acute suffocating gas poisoning and 1 cases pneumoconiosis.Conclusion Take good for occupational haz-ards of construction project pre-evaluation and evaluation of control effect,prevent from fountainhead.Strengthen occupa-tional harm environment monitoring and workers health care,to early detect occupational disease and occupational damage.To establish and perfect the system of control and prevention,strengthen laws and regulations publicity and occupational health protection knowledge training,utmost to reduce occupational diseases,ensure healthy development of the local econ-omy,and protect workers health rights.
The Canadian Medical Association Code of Ethics annotated for psychiatrists. The position of the Canadian Psychiatric Association.

Il surgit dans l'exercice de la psychiatrie des problemes moraux que ne connaissent pas les autres disciplines medicales bien que les principes fondamentaux de la deontologie soient les memes pour ...
Globalisation, Employment and Income: Analysing the Adjustment Process

Textbook models of international trade always posit well-functioning, frictionless factor markets. Policy-induced changes in relative output prices lead to the instantaneous reallocation of resources. While trade may result in some winners and losers (a la Stolper-Samuelson), factors are never unemployed and (ignoring terms-of-trade effects) the efficiency gains from trade liberalisation always result in aggregate net benefits.
Abstract 076: Urinary Exosomal Epithelial Sodium Channel And Sodium-chloride Cotransporter Measurement In Humans

Sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron is tightly regulated in part by epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC), although non-invasive measure of these proteins in humans has not previously been feasible. We recently analyzed the urinary exosomal proteome and identified candidate targets for quantification of ENaC and NCC using targeted mass spectrometry. To test the hypothesis that urinary exosomal ENaC and NCC are altered during renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, we activated the endogenous RAAS using a low sodium diet (LS) in two separate studies. We provided 8 subjects LS diet (10mmol/day for 7days) to assess urinary protein excretion at 7 days (study 1) and longitudinally over the course of 1 week (study 2). Daily 24-hour urine was collected to monitor sodium balance, and spot urine samples were obtained each morning on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 of LS diet. Urinary exosomal ENaC-α, ENaC-γ, and NCC peptides were analyzed using targeted multiple-reaction-monitoring analysis quantified with stable-isotope peptide standards, and results were normalized to urine creatinine concentration. In study 1, urinary ENaCγ increased after 8 days of LS diet (Figure A). In study 2, urinary exosomal ENaCγ (Figure B) and NCC peptides (Figure C) increased in a time-dependent manner during LS diet. These measures of urinary sodium channel expression may provide further insight into distal sodium reabsorption in human hypertension.
Intra- and Cross-Modal Transfer in Relation to Brain Dysfunction and Language Disorder

Brain damaged and normal subjects were tested on their ability to transfer information of varying complexity across sensory modalities. Subjects without neurological damage were compared to subjects with left and right hemisphere lesions. Tasks varied in complexity from simple matching of Morse code patterns within a sensory modality to cross-modal transfer across sensory modalities. The results confirmed that cross-modal matching ability is significantly impaired in subjects with posterior left hemisphere lesions, whereas subjects with lesions in other areas of the brain show minimal deficits in cross-modal abilities. The results are interpreted to support a multimodal basis for complex intellectual function. Language is hypothesized to be one response capability that depends on intact cross-modal functions, with the angular gyrus region of the dominant hemisphere forming an anatomical basis.
Design as a sequential decision process: A method for reducing design set space using models to bound objectives

Design can be viewed a sequential decision process that increases the detail of modeling and analysis while simultaneously decreasing the space of alternatives considered. In a decision theoretic framework, low-fidelity models help decision-makers identify regions of feasibility and interest in the tradespace and cull others prior to constructing more computationally expensive models of higher fidelity. The method presented herein demonstrates design as a sequence of finite decision epochs through a search space defined by the extent of the set of designs under consideration, and the level of analytic fidelity subjected to each design. Previous work has shown that multi-fidelity modeling can aid in rapid optimization of the design space when high-fidelity models are coupled with low-fidelity models. This paper offers two contributions to the design community: (1) a model of design as a sequential decision process of refinement using progressively more accurate and expensive models, and (2) a connected approach for how conceptual models couple with detailed models. Formal definitions of the process are provided, and several structural design examples are presented to demonstrate the use of sequential multi-fidelity modeling in determining an optimal modeling selection policy.
Disaster Victim Identification

Abstract Disaster victim identification is the term used for describing the identification process of human remains in a multiple fatality incident. The word “disaster”, as defined by the International Red Cross Society is, “ a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community's or society's ability to cope using its own resources ”. With respect to a disaster with multiple fatalities the definition can be paraphrased to, an incident resulting in loss of life where there are more decedents that can be located, identified and processed by available resources. This chapter will describe principles and practice for identification of human remains in a mass fatality incident.
Unchaining the Workers

Since the adoption of the National Labor Relations Act in 1935, individual workers have been chained to the will of the majority of their colleagues in choosing representatives to bargain over the terms of their employment. Under the NLRA, union representation typically is determined by a majority-takes-all vote; the union selected by the majority of workers becomes the representative of all workers, including those who voted against it and those who did not vote at all. What is more, the union holds its exclusive representative status indefinitely and can only be removed by an extraordinary special election. Moreover, in the 38 states that do not have right-to-work laws, all employees represented by the union must pay union dues, whether they voted for and supported the union or not. Is the individual worker treated fairly under this system?
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Severe Emphysema

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) was reincarnated in the early 1990s as a promising therapy to palliate symptoms and improve quality of life in patients disabled by severe emphysema. Controversy regarding the reliability and risks of the surgery as well as long-term durability stifled the initial proliferation of LVRS and led to the historic National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT). There are now strong data from large case-controlled series, from several small randomized trials, and from the large randomized multi-institutional NETT that confirm improvement in pulmonary function, exercise capacity, and quality of life in select patients with severe emphysema.
Cooperative Integrin Interactions in the Regulation of Tumor Metastasis

It has been known for sometime that a major impediment to an effective treatment for many human tumors involves the spread of the malignant tumors from the primary site to distant sites. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms regulating tumor metastasis is of particular importance in the development of effective therapies for malignant cancer. It is becoming increasingly clear that the array of molecular regulators of tumor metastasis do not necessarily function in isolation, but are rather interconnected in a continuum of biochemical and cellular events. Understanding these unique molecular interactions involved in metastasis may provide novel approaches for the design of effective new drugs to regulate malignant human diseases. In this regard, an alternative approach for directly targeting proteolytic activity during tumor dissemination, might be to prevent the localization of these enzymes to the cell surface by blocking unique protease / integrin interactions. However, the critical keys to establishing these novel types of therapies involves an in-depth understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms that facilitate these protein-protein interactions.
CYCLIC AMP MODULATION OF AXONAL REGENERATION FOLLOWING SPINAL CORD INJURY

Central nervous system (CNS) myelin contains several proteins that contribute to regenerative failure after spinal cord injury, and elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has proven to be one of the most effective means of overcoming myelin inhibition. In this chapter, we describe how increasing cAMP promotes axonal regeneration in the CNS and how this finding has advanced the field of spinal cord injury repair. Upregulation of cAMP is responsible for the conditioning lesion effect observed following peripheral nerve transection, and administration of cAMP analogues promotes axonal growth in the presence of myelin both in vitro and in vivo. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor rolipram also enhances axonal regeneration when used in combination with cell transplantation in models of spinal cord injury. Most significantly, cAMP upregulates the expression of genes such as arginase I and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which have been shown to overcome myelin inhibitors in their own right. It is therefore probable that additional study of cAMP-regulated genes will lead to the development of new agents capable of promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury.
A theoretical basis for expert systems

Abstract In recent years, a great deal of research has been devoted to the expert system approach to computer-based problem solving.1 Since there are so many different facets to the problem of developing expert systems (including the language for representing expert knowledge, the ability to provide users with an explanation system, the system's acquisition of expert knowledge, etc.) it is perhaps not too surprising that the decision-theoretic basis for expert system models, has received relatively little attention. In this paper we take a step toward remedying this deficiency by extending the framework of classical decision theory to provide a theoretical basis for an “ideal” expert system. In view of the fact that there may be many difficulties associated with finding an optimal solution (“ideal expert system”) in applications, we also consider the development of a “satisficing” solution which we believe has many advantages over traditional production-rule based approaches to expert systems.
The Blind Knot: José Revueltas’ Los errores and the Subject

The fiction of the Mexican writer, poet, and theorist Jose Revueltas (1914-1976) continues to inspire critical work. One aspect that underlies a good deal of this criticism is the way in which Revueltas’ fiction was often at odds or contradicted his political commitments throughout his life. In this article I argue that this tension can be attributed to a questioning of the ontological assumptions that inform both communist and liberal theory and practice of Revueltas’ era. In particular, I will focus on the novel Los errores (1964) in which this deconstructive impulse can be seen in the treatment of the subject, which is represented as constitutively divided, at times even effaced. The novel is concerned with the various aporias that the notion of a centered subject presents, including the relation between the subject and action, the role of the unconscious, and an epistemological gap between language and the real introduced by one of the protagonists from whose ideas the novel derives its title. I argue that Los errores represents an effort to think of ethics and politics beyond the notion of a unitary subject. This inclination is also evidenced in the life of Revueltas with his eventual move away from the various communist parties and towards the more experimental politics that he associated with the student movement in Mexico.
Social Matching Systems for Research Collaboration: A Profile Page Design for University Faculty

Social matching systems, while popular for dating and platonic connections, can also play a role in the workplace, particularly for initiating collaborations between professionals from traditionally disparate fields of practice. In this paper we present a profile page design to support university faculty in self-presenting to nonacademic partners in their local community for collaborative research opportunities, as informed by a focus group study. We then discuss preliminary insight from a survey to faculty prompting them to create their profile page and provide feedback on its design. The created profiles indicate that faculty embrace profile pictures as tools for conveying their expertise and resources rather than their physical appearance. Furthermore, functionality to link the profiles of users who are currently working together should be considered as a way to convey combined collaboration potential.
Heterogeneity in HIV and cellular transcription profiles in cell line models of latent and productive infection: implications for HIV latency.

HIV-infected cell lines are widely used to study latent HIV infection, which is considered the main barrier to HIV cure. We hypothesized that these cell lines differ from each other and from cells from HIV-infected individuals in the mechanisms underlying latency. To quantify the degree to which HIV expression is inhibited by blocks at different stages of HIV transcription, we employed a recently-described panel of RT-ddPCR assays to measure levels of 7 HIV transcripts (“read-through,” initiated, 5′ elongated, mid-transcribed/unspliced [Pol], distal-transcribed [Nef], polyadenylated, and multiply-sliced [Tat-Rev]) in bulk populations of latently-infected (U1, ACH-2, J-Lat) and productively-infected (8E5, activated J-Lat) cell lines. To assess single-cell variation and investigate cellular genes associated with HIV transcriptional blocks, we developed a novel multiplex qPCR panel and quantified single cell levels of 7 HIV targets and 89 cellular transcripts in latently- and productively-infected cell lines. The bulk cell HIV transcription profile differed dramatically between cell lines and cells from ART-suppressed individuals. Compared to cells from ART-suppressed individuals, latent cell lines showed lower levels of HIV transcriptional initiation and higher levels of polyadenylation and splicing. ACH-2 and J-Lat cells showed different forms of transcriptional interference, while U1 cells showed a block to elongation. Single-cell studies revealed marked variation between/within cell lines in expression of HIV transcripts, T cell phenotypic markers, antiviral factors, and genes implicated in latency. Expression of multiply-spliced HIV Tat-Rev was associated with expression of cellular genes involved in activation, tissue retention, T cell transcription, and apoptosis/survival. HIV-infected cell lines differ from each other and from cells from ART-treated individuals in the mechanisms governing latent HIV infection. These differences in viral and cellular gene expression must be considered when gauging the suitability of a given cell line for future research on HIV. At the same time, some features were shared across cell lines, such as low expression of antiviral defense genes and a relationship between productive infection and genes involved in survival. These features may contribute to HIV latency or persistence in vivo, and deserve further study using novel single cell assays such as those described in this manuscript.
Market Panics, Frenzies, and Informational Efficiency: Theory and Experiment

In a market rush, the fear of future adverse price movements causes traders to trade before they become well informed, reducing the informational efficiency of the market. I derive theoretical conditions under which market rushes are equilibrium behavior and study how well these conditions organize trading behavior in a laboratory implementation of the model. Market rushes, including both panics and frenzies, occur more frequently when predicted by theory. However, subjects use commonly discussed, momentum-like strategies that lead to informational losses not predicted by theory, suggesting that these strategies may exacerbate both the occurrence and consequences of panics and frenzies.
Lithium source for focused ion beam implantation and analysis

We present a new Li source for focused ion beam applications. Based on an AuSi eutectic alloy, Li is added as an impurity to minimize effects from degradation when exposed to air. We show the source is stable over the course of an hour and spot sizes ≲ 10 nm can be achieved. The Li beam can achieve hundreds of nanometer ranges in semiconductors with minimal damage being generated along the path length. The source performance is evaluated through a high-resolution ion beam induced charge collection experiment on an Si-based detector. Further application of the source for ion beam analysis is numerically explored; the example investigated is based on probing a semiconductor heterostructure through a Rutherford backscattering experiment, where the Li beam can reveal information that is inaccessible with either low energy or high energy He projectiles used as probes.
Testing the Topic Hypothesis: A Concept-based Teaching Study

The Topic Hypothesis (Pienemann, Di Biase, and Kawaguchi, 2005) predicts that L2 Chinese learners must go through three stages in the processing of L2 syntax (Stage 1: SVO; Stage 2: ADJ+SVO; Stage 3: OSV). The current study investigated whether properly organized instruction (Concept-based Instruction/Systemic Theoretical Instruction) could allow learners to process and produce two stages of grammar structures at the same time. Two beginning Chinese learners at Stage 1 received concept-based instruction that taught both OSV and ADJ+SVO structures in the same instructional session. Learners’ spontaneous speech indicate that both learners were capable to process and produce the two newly taught grammar structures after one instructional session. Post-test and delayed post-test show that both grammar structures were processable by the two learners. This study highlights the importance of instruction to shape cognitive development, which echoes Vygotsky’s (1986) notion that good instruction shall lead development.
Aerosol particle concentrations with different oxygen devices and interfaces for spontaneous breathing patients with tracheostomy: a randomised crossover trial.

The transmission route of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains controversial [1, 2], and concerns persist of potentially increased virus transmission and aerosol dispersion when utilizing high-flow oxygen and aerosol devices among COVID-19 patients [2–5]. Spontaneous breathing patients with tracheostomy represent a more direct conduit for dispersing aerosol particles with risk of virus transmission [6]. Tracheostomy procedure is considered a high-risk aerosol generating procedure and high-level personal protection equipment (PPE) is recommended when the tracheostomy is being performed for COVID-19 patients [7]. However aerosol dispersion transmission risk of bioaerosols via tracheostomy during spontaneous breathing has not been evaluated and the impact of different humidification devices and interfaces are unknown. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the ERJ Open Research . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJOR online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: Dr. Li reports grants from Fisher & paykel, during the conduct of the study; grants and personal fees from Fisher & Paykel Healthchare Ltd, grants and personal fees from Aerogen Ltd, personal fees from AARC, personal fees from Respiratory care journal, grants from Rice Foundation, outside the submitted work; . Conflict of interest: Dr. Schoenrock has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: Dr. Fink is Chief Science Officer for Aerogen Pharma Corp.
Nongeographic Variation in Taterillus gracilis(Thomas) (Rodentia: Cricetidae)

Intrapopulational variation in 27 cranial and six external measurements were examined in a single, large (209) population sample of the gerbil, Taterillus gracilis , from Upper Volta, West Africa. Univariate statistical methods were utilized. Most of the differences observed in this population are the result of age variation. Arbitrary age classes were established on the basis of molar tooth morphology. Some of the parameters will be useful in further defining age classes. Those parameters that show little or no variation with age and low coefficients of variation will be useful in assessing geographic variations. In Taterillus , the reproductive season is variable, eliminating pelage color and weight from use in age class determinations. In certain parameters, individual variation probably accounts for differences that cannot be correlated with age or sex. Males and females can be combined by age class. For several parameters, age classes 3 or 4 and 5 can be grouped, thus allowing an increase in the effective sample size when small samples are available.
Summary and Highlights of the Conference

First of all, I would like to thank the scientific committee, the conference organizers, the University of Karlsruhe and the Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics, all of the speakers, and the conference secretariat, for making this an extremely well-organized and uniformly high-quality meeting. I would also like to thank all of the speakers who provided me with material for my talk before and during the conference.
Evidence-Based Standard of Care: Applications for Comparative Effectiveness and Efficacy Research and Analysis for Practice (CEERAP) in Developing Patient-Centered Optimal Treatment Interventions in Health Care for the Next Decade

The chapters collected in this book exemplify the implications and applications of CEERAP in two disparate domains of health care. Taken together, they demonstrate the unifying conceptualization of evidence-based practice across health care.
Significantly increased PELP1 protein expression in primary and metastatic triple-negative breast carcinoma: Comparison with GATA3 expression and PELP1's potential role in triple-negative breast carcinoma

PELP1 is a novel coregulator of nuclear hormone receptors and is implicated in playing a role in driving breast cancer and enhancing metastatic potential. The PELP1 protein expression and potential role of PELP1 in triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) have not been well characterized. We investigated PELP1 expression by immunohistochemistry in primary and metastatic triple-negative tumors in human tissues and compared its expression with GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3), a novel diagnostic marker for TNBC. We examined the expression of PELP1 and GATA3 in 70 primary TNBC cases and found that PELP1 had a significantly higher frequency of expression compared to GATA3 (96% versus 46%; P < .0001). The mean extent score of expression of PELP1 was also significantly higher than GATA3's expression (3.87 ± 0.07 versus 0.91 ± 0.15; P < .0001). PELP1 had stronger staining intensity than GATA3. Furthermore, PELP1 immunoreactivity was consistently maintained in paired primary and metastatic TNBC cases (100%). The frequency of PELP1 expression (100%) in metastatic triple-negative tumors was higher than that of GATA3 (40%) in the same tumors (P < .0001). These findings indicate that PELP1 is a much more sensitive marker than GATA3 for TNBCs. PELP1 may have diagnostic utility for metastatic TNBC in appropriate settings, such as history of primary TNBC in cases where the primary is negative for GATA3, mammaglobin, and GCDFP-15. The diffuse and strong nuclear immunoreactivity of PELP1 in most cases suggests that PELP1 may be a molecular target for the treatment of TNBC. We hope that this study will provide insights into the role of PELP1 in TNBC.
3D imaging of amplitude objects embedded in phase objects using transport of intensity

The amplitude and phase of the complex optical field in the Helmholtz equation obey a pair of coupled equations, arising from equating the real and imaginary parts. The imaginary part yields the transport of intensity equation (TIE), which can be used to derive the phase distribution at the observation plane. If a phase object is approximately imaged on the recording plane(s), TIE yields the phase without the need for phase unwrapping. In our experiment, the 3D image of a phase object and an amplitude object embedded in a phase object is recovered. The phase object is created by heating a liquid, comprising a solution of red dye in alcohol, using a focused 514 nm laser beam to the point where self-phase modulation of the beam is observed. The optical intensities are recorded at various planes during propagation of a low power 633 nm laser beam through the liquid. In the process of applying TIE to derive the phase at the observation plane, the real part of the complex equation is also examined as a cross-check of our calculations. For pure phase objects, it is shown that the real part of the complex equation is best satisfied around the image plane. Alternatively, it is proposed that this information can be used to determine the optimum image plane.
The Decline of the U.S. Rust Belt: A Macroeconomic Analysis

No region of the United States fared worse over the postwar period than the "Rust Belt," the heavy manufacturing zone bordering the Great Lakes. We argue that a lack of competition in labor and output markets in the Rust Belt were responsible for much of the region's decline. We formalize this theory in a dynamic general-equilibrium model in which productivity growth and regional employment shares are determined by the extent of competition. When plausibly calibrated, the model explains roughly half the decline in the Rust Belt's manufacturing employment share. Industry evidence support the model's predictions that investment and productivity growth rates were relatively low in the Rust Belt.
Effects of Corrective Mating for Descriptive Type Traits of Holsteins

Abstract Data consisted of first available classification scores of 107,486 registered Holstein cows and their dams. Each cow record also contained progeny test scores of the sire of the cow. Corrective mating was defined as mating dams with undesirable phenotypes to sires with significantly desirable progeny test scores for type. Corrective mating was evaluated by changes from breed average of frequency distributions of types of offspring in one generation. Corrective mating with Predicted Difference Type as a breeding strategy including sire selection and corrective mating also was evaluated by changes from breed average of frequency of offspring types. For most types of dams, corrective mating produced significantly fewer daughters than breed averaged coded desirable. However, corrective mating did produce sizable increases of the frequency of desirable types of female offspring over female parents. Therefore, it may be useful as a selection scheme. Corrective mating by Predicted Difference Type produced distributions of offspring similar to those produced by sire selection for each individual descriptive trait. Correlations between dam's classification score and sire's progeny test score were larger than .6 for stature and less than .5 for final score, back, and teats. Correlations for all other traits were near zero.
Cell Surface Human Airway Trypsin-Like Protease Is Lost During Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis

Cancer progression is accompanied by increased levels of extracellular proteases that are capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix, as well as cleaving and activating growth factors and receptors that are involved in pro-cancerous signaling pathways. Several members of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family have been shown to play critical roles in cancer progression, however, the expression or function of the TTSP Human Airway Trypsin-like protease (HAT) in carcinogenesis has not been examined. In the present study we aimed to determine the expression of HAT during squamous cell carcinogenesis. HAT transcript is present in several tissues containing stratified squamous epithelium and decreased expression is observed in carcinomas. We determined that HAT protein is consistently expressed on the cell surface in suprabasal/apical layers of squamous cells in healthy cervical and esophageal epithelia. To assess whether HAT protein is differentially expressed in normal tissue versus tissue in different stages of carcinogenesis, we performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of HAT protein expression levels and localization in arrays of paraffin embedded human cervical and esophageal carcinomas compared to the corresponding normal tissue. We found that HAT protein is expressed in the non-proliferating, differentiated cellular strata and is lost during the dedifferentiation of epithelial cells, a hallmark of squamous cell carcinogenesis. Thus, HAT expression may potentially be useful as a marker for clinical grading and assessment of patient prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas.
Dendritic Cell Transmigration through Brain Microvessel Endothelium Is Regulated by MIP-1α Chemokine and Matrix Metalloproteinases

Dendritic cells (DCs) accumulate in the CNS during inflammatory diseases, but the exact mechanism regulating their traffic into the CNS remains to be defined. We now report that MIP-1alpha increases the transmigration of bone marrow-derived, GFP-labeled DCs across brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, occludin, an important element of endothelial tight junctions, is reorganized when DCs migrate across brain capillary endothelial cell monolayers without causing significant changes in the barrier integrity as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. We show that DCs produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -2 and -9 and GM6001, an MMP inhibitor, decreases both baseline and MIP-1alpha-induced DC transmigration. These observations suggest that DC transmigration across brain endothelial cell monolayers is partly MMP dependent. The migrated DCs express higher levels of CD40, CD80, and CD86 costimulatory molecules and induce T cell proliferation, indicating that the transmigration of DCs across brain endothelial cell monolayers contributes to the maintenance of DC Ag-presenting function. The MMP dependence of DC migration across brain endothelial cell monolayers raises the possibility that MMP blockers may decrease the initiation of T cell recruitment and neuroinflammation in the CNS.
Human Life Support During Interplanetary Travel and Domicile Part III: Mars Expedition System Trade Study

Several alternative configurations of life-support systems (LSSs) for a Mars missions are compared analytically on a quantitative basis in terms of weight, volume, and power. A baseline technology set is utilized for the illustrations of systems including totally open loop, carbon dioxide removal only, partially closed loop, and totally closed loop. The analytical model takes advantage of a modular, top-down hierarchical breakdown of LSS subsystems into functional elements that represent individual processing technologies. The open-loop systems are not competitive in terms of weight for both long-duration orbiters and short-duration lander vehicles, and power demands are lowest with the open loop and highest with the closed loop. The closed-loop system can reduce vehicle weight by over 70,000 lbs and thereby overcome the power penalty of 1600 W; the closed-loop variety is championed as the preferred system for a Mars expedition.
Effects of higher-order dispersion on envelope solitons

The effects of the third derivative term in the partial differential equation iu/sub t/+u/sub xx/+ mod u mod /sup 2/u-i epsilon u/sub xxx/=0 have been investigated. The use of a direct perturbation theory, in which u is expanded in powers of the perturbation parameter epsilon , yielded the following soliton modifications through order epsilon : the soliton retains its hyperbolic secant shape, but its velocity is increased and it experiences a negative wavenumber shift. No radiation is predicted by this direct perturbation theory. However, numerical integration of the equation showed that the soliton does radiate. An analysis of this radiation has shown that: (a) the soliton radiates energy at a constant rate proportional to exp(-const/ epsilon )/ epsilon ; (b) the radiated energy emerges as a plane wave in front of the soliton; and (c) the soliton loses an appreciable fraction of its energy in a time proportional to epsilon exp(const/ epsilon ). The analysis also shows that the Fourier transform of the radiation can be obtained from a third-order linear partial differential equation. >
Variable heart rate decelerations and transcutaneous Po2 during umbilical cord occlusion in fetal monkeys

In five near-term monkeys under ketamine anesthesia, fetal heart rate, blood pressure, intrauterine pressure, and transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) were recorded continuously while the umbilical cord was occluded for 15 or 30 seconds. Fetal heart rate decreased 55 +/- 19 bpm, (mean +/- SD) and 78 +/- 20 bpm, respectively, with 15 and 30 second occlusions, while tcPO2 declined 6.0 +/- 1.6 and 11.5 +/- 3.3 torr, respectively. Fetal hypertension started promptly with cord occlusion and reached a maximum within 5 to 16 seconds; fetal blood pressure decreased thereafter and, in most instances, fell below the baseline until fetal heart rate began to recover. Fetal heart rate decreased within 1 to 2 seconds of cord occlusion, tcPO2 changes were the same, while heart rate changes were attenuated when the fetus was pretreated with 0.2 mg of atropine. These findings support a rapid and marked initial baroreceptor response, followed by a less marked chemoreceptor response. Thirty seconds following cord occlusion, PaO2 had returned to baseline, while tcPO2 was still 3 to 7 torr below baseline, indicating cutaneous vasoconstriction even though systemic blood pressure was normal. Relative heat output required to maintain the tcPO2 electrode temperature at 44 degrees C did not reflect alterations in skin perfusion during periods of cardiovascular change.
Identifying Core NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses, NIC Interventions, NOC Outcomes, and NNN Linkages for Heart Failure

Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify the core nursing diagnoses, interventions, outcomes, and linkages using standardized nursing terminologies for patients with heart failure (HF). Methods For this study a retrospective descriptive design was used. The frequently used NANDA-I, NIC, NOC, and NNN linkages were identified through 272 inpatient records of patients discharged with HF in a midwestern community. Findings The findings indicate that the top 10 NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC accounted for more than 50% of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes. The most frequently used top 10 NNN linkages were identified for patients with HF. Conclusion and Practice Implications The identified core NANDA-I, NIC, NOC, and NNN linkages for HF from this study provide scope of practice of nurses working in HF clinics.
Grain boundary segregation, chemical ordering and stability of nanocrystalline alloys: Atomistic computer simulations in the Ni–W system

Abstract Atomistic computer simulations are used to investigate the equilibrium solute distribution and alloying energetics in nanocrystalline Ni–W. Composition and grain size-dependent trends in grain boundary segregation and chemical ordering behavior are evaluated and we find the equilibrium state to be significantly influenced by the nanostructure. The energetics of alloying are assessed through computation of the segregation, formation, and grain boundary energy, and these quantities are linked to previous thermodynamic models of nanostructure stability. With comparison to experiments, we conclude that nanocrystalline Ni–W alloys are synthesized in a metastable state. These findings have important consequences for theories of nanostructure control in general and particularly for the thermal stability of nanocrystalline Ni–W.
Recommending research colloquia: a study of several sources for user profiling

The study reported in this paper is an attempt to improve content-based recommendation in CoMeT, a social system for sharing information about research colloquia in Carnegie Mellon and University of Pittsburgh campuses. To improve the quality of recommendation in CoMeT, we explored three additional sources for building user profiles: tags used by users to annotate CoMeT's talks, partial content of CiteULike papers bookmarked by users, and tags used to annotate CiteULike papers. We also compare different tag integration models to study the impact of information fusion on recommendations outcome. The results demonstrate that information encapsulated in CiteULike bookmarks generally helps to improve several aspects of recommendation. The addition of tags by fusing them into keyword profiles helps to improve precision and novelty of recommendation, but may harm systems ability to recommend generally interesting talks. The effects of tags and bookmarks appeared to be stackable.
Paradoxical Embolus in Transit

Thrombus straddling a patent foramen ovale, namely, a paradoxical embolus in transit, is a rarely identified entity signifying impending arterial embolism. We report a series of 3 patients with preoperatively or intraoperatively identified paradoxical embolus in transit. All patients underwent surgical evacuation and had unremarkable postoperative courses with no episodes of arterial embolization. Surgical embolectomy should be considered early in the treatment of paradoxical embolus in transit.
Embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos).

Egg surface applications of microliter quantities of crude and refined oils of high aromatic content are embryotoxic to mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and other avian species; applications of aliphatic hydrocarbons have virtually no effect. Mallard eggs at 72 h of development were exposed to a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons or to aromatic compounds representative of those present in crude oil to assess their toxicity. The class composition of the mixture was similar to that of South Louisiana crude oil, an American Petroleum Institute reference oil. Application of 20 μ/ of the mixture reduced embryonic survival by nearly 70%. The temporal pattern of embryonic death was similar to that after exposure to South Louisiana crude oil. Embryonic growth was stunted, as reflected by weight, crown‐rump length, and bill length, and there was a significant increase in the incidence of abnormal survivors. When individual classes of aromatic hydrocarbons were tested, tetracyclics caused some embryonic death at the con...
Carbon Nanotube Based Microwave Resonator Gas Sensors

This paper reviews our work on the development of microwave carbon nanotube resonator sensors for gas detection. The sensor consists of a radio frequency resonator coated with a layer of carbon nanotubes. Upon exposure to gasses, the resonant frequency of the sensor shifts to indicate the presence of gasses. Our experimental results demonstrate that the microwave carbon nanotube resonator sensor achieves a sensitivity of 4000 Hz/ppm upon exposure to ammonia and the resonant frequency is recovered when ammonia is evacuated. The sensing mechanism is dependent on electron transfer from the ammonia to the nanotubes. This sensor platform has great potential for wireless sensing network applications.
Nonhuman primate models to evaluate vaccine safety and immunogenicity.

Abstract When considering preclinical studies to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of putative vaccine candidates, such as nucleic acid vaccines, species most closely related to humans should be considered. Phylogenetically, the great apes (chimpanzees, orang utans, gorillas, and gibbons) are most closely related to humans. However, the great apes, which diverged from humans over 5 million years ago, represent endangered or threatened species that limits their utility in preclinical studies. In addition, cost considerations for using great apes in biomedical studies represents another serious limitation. The Old World monkeys, (macaques, baboons, mandrills, and mangabeys), diverged from humans over 15 million years ago. A number of the Old World monkey species including rhesus, cynomolgus, and African green monkeys, have also been employed in biomedical research to evaluate vaccine safety and immunogenicity. New World monkeys (aotus, owl, cebus monkeys, and marmosets) are the most phylogenetically divergent from humans, yet they have also been utilized to develop nonhuman primate models for a number of human infectious diseases and tumors. The advantages and disadvantages in selecting a particular nonhuman primate species for studies to evaluate DNA vaccine safety and immunogenicity are briefly discussed. Comparative immunology, reproductive physiology, endogenous infectious agents, and cost considerations are briefly described.
Asymptotic structures in nonlinear dissipative and dispersive systems

Abstract Recent results in the asymptotic theory of ordinary differential equations are applied to certain scalar and vector boundary value problems that model various nonlinear dissipative and dispersive wave phenomena.
Self-perception of therapeutic gain as a function of situational cues

It was hypothesized that a client's self-perception of improvement in therapy is in part a function of situational cues. Clients will see themselves as changing in ways implicitly suggested by such cues. In contrast, an "intrapsychic" view sees change as a function of internal mechanisms. Sixty-five undergraduate S s self-disclosed on a problem for 10 minutes via intercom to a silent "listener" in another room. S s were then assigned to one of four "interpersonal cue" conditions, or to a "discharge cue" condition. Discharge Ss rated the amount of emotions expressed by two previous S s. Interpersonal S s rated responses purportedly written by their listener to two previous S s, on the dimensions of warmth and empathy. All Ss then rated their therapeutic gains from self-disclosure. It was hypothesized that discharge S s would see gain in terms of emotional clarity and relief. In contrast, S s who perceived their listener as high in warmth and empathy would see gain in terms of self-trust and independence, as predicted by client-centered theory. Results supported the hypotheses for emotional relief and self-trust, but not for independence.
Convergence of an initial-value method for Fredholm integral equations

A convergence theorem is established for a method of solving Fredholm integral equations due to Kalabaet al. To do this, an interpolation procedure is developed for obtaining an approximation of the resolvent kernel. The results of Anselone and Moore on collectively compact operators are then applied to show convergence.
CAP-miRSeq: a comprehensive analysis pipeline for microRNA sequencing data

miRNAs play a key role in normal physiology and various diseases. miRNA profiling through next generation sequencing (miRNA-seq) has become the main platform for biological research and biomarker discovery. However, analyzing miRNA sequencing data is challenging as it needs significant amount of computational resources and bioinformatics expertise. Several web based analytical tools have been developed but they are limited to processing one or a pair of samples at time and are not suitable for a large scale study. Lack of flexibility and reliability of these web applications are also common issues. We developed a Comprehensive Analysis Pipeline for microRNA Sequencing data (CAP-miRSeq) that integrates read pre-processing, alignment, mature/precursor/novel miRNA detection and quantification, data visualization, variant detection in miRNA coding region, and more flexible differential expression analysis between experimental conditions. According to computational infrastructure, users can install the package locally or deploy it in Amazon Cloud to run samples sequentially or in parallel for a large number of samples for speedy analyses. In either case, summary and expression reports for all samples are generated for easier quality assessment and downstream analyses. Using well characterized data, we demonstrated the pipeline’s superior performances, flexibility, and practical use in research and biomarker discovery. CAP-miRSeq is a powerful and flexible tool for users to process and analyze miRNA-seq data scalable from a few to hundreds of samples. The results are presented in the convenient way for investigators or analysts to conduct further investigation and discovery.