cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on organizations in multi-agent systems

The aim of this paper is to illustrate and sensitize reader to the variety of perspectives and the fundamental nature of organizations as stable/stabilizing systems and as multi-perspective action systems. Researchers have been explicitly thinking about MAS/DAI organizations and attempting to link formal (human) organization theory with MAS/DAI models for at least twenty years. Despite this, the idea of organizations has been a peripheral theme in MAS/DAI research---primarily a specific coordination technique---not really one of the central intellectual issues of the field. The theory of 'natural' organizations has a somewhat longer, more diverse, and more thorough intellectual history than that of organizations in MAS. Beyond recent work in human social and organization theory, some newer research on abstract organizations has been attempting to unify concepts in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and computing theory (e.g., the lambda calculus), with those of natural social organizations and multi-agent systems. The landscape for thinking about organizations in MAS is growing quite interesting, and this paper surveys this landscape. It presents and contrasts some conceptions of organization that have emerged and proven useful, and attempts to show how these have been implemented, experimented with, and applied. It also projects some future directions for research on MAS organizations, and gives some thoughts on where the most exciting issues lie.
Evaluation of the Modified R/B System for Identification of Enterobacteriaceae

In comparison with conventional procedures, a modified R/B Enteric Differential System permitted more accurate identification of enteric bacteria than did the original R/B system.
Improving writing skills through an upper-division course

Summary form only given. Engineering employers continue to express the importance of strong communication skills, which is also one of the goals of the ABET 2000 accreditation criteria. There is clearly a need for graduating engineers to possess strong writing and speaking skills. Herein, the focus is placed on written communication. In particular, memo writing exercises were integrated into a senior/graduate level technical elective course during the Spring 1998 semester. The purpose for these writing exercises was to investigate the following hypothesis: "Through repeated exposure and practice, a student's writing abilities will improve and, in addition, this exposure and practice will boost the student's confidence when they are asked to write while on the job". In order for this activity to be successful, the instructor's effort must not be excessive and the students must consider the activity worthwhile.
Dynamic failure of brittle materials - Micromechanics and experiments

ABSTRACT A micromechanical theory for damage evolution in brittle materials under high strain rate loading is developed which includes the critical conditions for growth of microcracks. The damage evolution is related to the number (Weibull distribution) and the average size of microcracks. The theory provides a relation between the impact strength and the imposed strain rate for brittle microcracking solids. An experimental technique for obtaining reliable high strain rate deformation and failure properties of brittle materials using the split Hopkinson pressure bar is presented.
Comparative Depletion of Sulfamethazine in Bob Veal, Fancy Veal, and Replacement Calves.

The Code of Federal Regulations provides for the use of sulfamethazine (SM) boluses in cattle, a tolerance of 0.1 ppm for SM in meat, and a 10-day withdrawal. Bob veal, fancy veal, and replacement calves were dosed with SM as provided in the regulations and the rate of depletion of SM and, where practicable, N4-acetylsulfamethazine and desaminosulfamethazine were measured in liver, kidney, and diaphragm muscle by gas chromatography. SM concentrations reached lower maximum levels and depleted faster in the tissues of replacement calves than in bob veal and fancy veal calves. Average SM levels on d 5 of withdrawal in liver, kidney, and diaphragm were about 1 ppm in fancy veal, above 2 ppm in bob veal, and below 0.1 ppm in replacement veal. Two of the d 14 and two of the d 10 withdrawal fancy veal livers contained more than 0.10 ppm of SM. A 10-d withdrawal period may not be long enough for bob and fancy veal calves that have been dosed according to the drug label.
Functional equation of inverse scattering for the schrödinger equation with continuous and discrete spectra (short note)

The inverse scattering problem for the one-dimensional Schr6dinger equation in the space L2( -co , oo) that will be discussed in the note was first considered by KAY [1] in 1955. The problem is well defined, e.g., as in the superb review by FADDEYEV [2]: Find the interaction potential q (x) of the particle energy operator L, given the reflection coefficient r ( k ) , such that the particle-wave function satisfies [1]
Velocity‐Distribution In Open Channels

The momentum-transfer theory of turbulent flow as developed by Prandtl [see 1 of “References” at end of paper] and von Karman ]2[ has given rise to an equation for the velocity-distribution in circular pipes which agrees well with experimental observations. Attempts to adapt this theory to flow in open channels have been made by O'Brien [3] and Keulegan [4], and others. The following remarks are intended to describe a further attempt along similar lines.
Program of upgrades to the McDonald Observatory 2.7-m Harlan J. Smith Telescope

The McDonald Observatory 2.7-meter telescope was built in the 1960s and has been scientifically productive for 30 years. A program of upgrades was undertaken to improve the image quality and modernize the control system in order to enhance the telescope's capability for science observations and also to address maintenance issues of growing concern. Retirement and/or replacement of numerous obsolete components was also a key goal because of a growing risk to operation due to the age of the telescope. This paper reports on several phases of this ongoing program, specifically those undertaken in conjunction with renaming the 2.7-meter the Harlan J. Smith Telescope on its 25-year anniversary.
Rectus abdominis myocutaneous and myoperitoneal flaps for neovaginal reconstruction after radical pelvic surgery: Comparison of flap-related morbidity

Purpose To compare flap-specific complications of rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) and myoperitoneal (RAMP) flap neovagina reconstructions performed concurrently with radical pelvic procedures. Materials and methods Retrospective single institution chart review of all patients with RAM or RAMP flap neovaginal reconstructions performed on a Gynecologic Oncology service, 1988–2003. Analysis for associations with flap-specific morbidity was performed. Results Neovaginal reconstructions comprised 32 RAM and 7 RAMP flaps. Twenty-two (69%) RAM patients underwent total pelvic exenteration compared to 1 (14%) RAMP patient ( P P > 0.1). Donor site complications and incisional hernias were increased in RAMP patients (both P P 65% of the vagina while this did not occur in 22 similar RAM patients ( P 12 months reported coitus, with no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions When there is circumferential loss of the upper 2/3 of the vagina. RAMP flaps are not suitable for neovaginal reconstruction after radical pelvic surgery because of an increased risk of vaginal stenosis compared to RAM flaps. Patients with partial longitudinal vaginal defects, however, may have successful neovaginal reconstruction with RAMP flaps.
Labor union coercion of employees: The use of fringe benefits

In bargaining on fringe benefits, labor unions violate Section 8(b)(1)(A) of the National Labor Relations Act if they restrict benefits to members only. Even if fringe benefits are provided for nonunion members, a violation of the Act occurs if more stringent eligibility rules are required for nonmembers than for members. Sometimes unions deny fringe benefits to union members if fines or dues are not paid, but National Labor Relations Board has ruled that workers are restrained in violation of Section 8(b)(1)(A) if fringe benefits are withheld due to nonpayment of fines or dues.
Soluble guanylate cyclase crystal clear: 1st crystal structure of the wild-type human heterodimeric sGC catalytic domains and implications for activity

Background Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the key enzyme in the NO-sGC-cGMP signaling cascade crucial in regulating the cardiovascular system. Low output of this system causes hypertension and acute heart failure, which are the leading causes of death globally. Mammalian sGC is a heterodimer of two homologous subunits (a and b), which contain four domains: an Nterminal regulatory domain (HNOX: Heme Nitric oxide OXygen), an HNOX associated (HNOXA) domain and a coiled-coil (CC) domain important for dimerization, and a C-terminal catalytic domain (GC) (Figure 1). The enzyme is basally active, but NO binding to the heme group in the b subunit regulatory domain enhances sGC catalytic output several hundred fold. The molecular mechanism by which the regulatory domain relays the activation signal to the catalytic domain remains elusive. Several studies have highlighted the crucial role of the HNOXA and CC domains for sGC dimerization necessary for catalytic activity [1-9]. Others have shown that the
Product Family Representation and Redesign: Increasing Commonality Using Formal Concept Analysis

In this paper we propose a framework based on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) that can be applied systematically to (1) visualize a product family (PF) and (2) improve commonality in the product family. Within this framework, the components of a PF are represented as a complete lattice structure using FCA. A Hasse diagram composed of the lattice structure graphically represents all the products, components, and the relationships between products and components in the PF. The lattice structure is then analyzed to identify prospective components to redesign to improve commonality. We propose two approaches as part of this PF redesign methodology: (1) Component-Based approach, and (2) Product-Based approach. In the Component-Based approach, emphasis is given to a single component that could be shared among the products in a PF to increase commonality. In the Product-Based approach, multiple products from a PF are selected, and commonality is improved among the selected products. Various commonality indices are used to assess the degree of commonality within a PF during its redesign. In this paper, we apply the framework to represent and redesign a family of one-time-use cameras. Besides increasing the understanding of the interaction between components in a PF, the framework explicitly captures the redesign process for improving commonality using FCA.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Reactions of alkyl halides with distonic acylium radical cations

Abstract Molecular orbital calculations (Becke3LYP/3-21G(d)) indicate that the distonic acylium ions • CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO + and • CH 2 CH 2 CO + are localized σ-radicals with a spin density of 0.95 e and 0.92 e at the terminal methylene carbon, respectively. Most of the positive charge (+0.88) is localized on the carbonyl carbon. The radical site carries a charge that is only slightly more positive than that in the neutral ethyl radical. Based on these values, the distonic acylium ions may be expected to behave like neutral alkyl radicals. However, an examination of the reactivity of gaseous • CH 2 CH 2 CO + and • CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO + toward a series of alkyl halides in a dual-cell Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR) revealed that their reactivity is greatly influenced by the charged group. The ions • CH 2 CH 2 CO + and • CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO + are unreactive toward alkyl chlorides but react with alkyl bromides and iodides by electron, halogen atom, alkyl radical and/or hydrogen atom abstraction. While hydrogen and halogen atom abstraction reactions are common for neutral alkyl radicals, electron and alkyl abstractions are not. A mechanism that involves catalysis by the charge site is proposed for the alkyl abstraction reactions.
Excimer Laser for Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Extraction: Techniques and Clinical Results

. Pacing and defibrillation leads may need to be removed for several reasons including infection, interference with others leads, lack of vascular access or redundancy. However, the removal of chronically implanted leads is a major technical challenge because of the extensive adhesions that develop along the course of the leads over time. The techniques to remove chronic leads have been greatly facilitated by the development of an excimer laser sheath. We undertook an analysis of our experience with laser extraction in the first 50 leads attempted. An excimer laser sheath system, developed by the Spectranetics Corporation, was used to extract 50 chronically implanted leads in 34 patients. The mean patient age was 64±12 years, all were male and the average duration that the leads had been implanted was 5.0±3.9 years. Two-thirds of the leads were pacemaker and one-third were defibrillator leads. There was a 100% clinical success rate and 48 of the 50 leads were completely removed. There were no major complications. There was one minor complication of subclavian vein thrombosis and two haemodynamically non-significant episodes of air embolism. The main limitation observed was failure of the excimer laser sheath to advance in 18% of cases, probably due to the presence of calcified adherences on leads. Two strategies were found useful to deal with this problem: under the clavicle stainless-steel sheaths were used to break up calcified adherences and within the venous system the laser sheath was upsized in order to advance over the calcification on the lead. It was concluded that excimer laser has greatly facilitated the removal of chronically implanted pacemaker and defibrillator leads. There is a high success rate and low complication rate in our experience. The main limitation of laser is the presence of calcified adherences.
Aromatase activity in microsomes from rat ventral prostate and dunning R3327H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma

Abstract We have measured aromatase activity in microsomes obtained from rat ventral prostate, using the 3 H 2 O release method as described by Weisz[1]. Production of 3 H 2 O from 1β-[ 3 H]androstenedione correlated with estrogen production measured by RIA and by TLC. The assay was optimized for incubation time and protein concentration, and used to determine the aromatase activity of ventral prostate microsomes from rats of varying age. Aromatase activity per mg microsomal protein increased from an average of 4 pmol/mg protein × h in 3-month old rats to 68 pmol/mg protein × h in 8-month old rats. Aromatase activity was also measured in microsomes from the Dunning R3327H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma, and was increased in tumors removed 225 days after implantation compared to tumors removed 141 days after implantation. Tumors removed 225 days after implantation from rats which had been treated with DES for 14 days displayed increased aromatase activity compared to untreated tumors. The presence of aromatase activity in the rat ventral prostate and rat prostatic adenocarcinoma would allow regulation of estrogen levels independent of circulating estrogen. Thus, in situ changes in estrogen production with age may contribute to the development of prostatic disease.
Effects of different forms of early social interaction on shock-induced aggression in mice.

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of rearing and brief aggressive encounters on shock-induced fighting. At weaning, 72 male mice were placed in isolate or communal cages. An equ...
The lennox-gastaut syndrome: Metabolic subtypes determined by 2-deoxy-2 [18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography

We employed positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) to study local cerebral glucose utilization in 15 children who had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Our results show that LGS can be classified into four predominant subtypes, each with a distinct metabolic pattern: (1) unilaterla focal hypometabolism, (2) unilateral diffuse hypometabolism, (3) bilateral diffuse hypometabolism, and (4) normal. Functional disturbances seen on FDG-PET did not always correlate with abnormalities revealed by x-ray computed tomographic scan. This classification of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome into four major metabolic subtypes not only provides a new perspective toward understanding cerebral function in this complex syndrome, but may also prove useful in the clinical management of these patients.
Heart of the matter: coronary dysfunction in metabolic syndrome.

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance, and/or hypertension. The incidence of obesity has reached pandemic levels, as ~ 20–30% of adults in most developed countries can be classified as having MetS. This increased prevalence of MetS is critical as it is associated with a two-fold elevated risk for cardiovascular disease. Although the pathophysiology underlying this increase in disease has not been clearly defined, recent evidence indicates that alterations in the control of coronary blood flow could play an important role. The purpose of this review is to highlight current understanding of the effects of MetS on regulation of coronary blood flow and to outline the potential mechanisms involved. In particular, the role of neurohumoral modulation via sympathetic α-adrenoceptors and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) are explored. Alterations in the contribution of end-effector K+, Ca2+, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are also addressed. Finally, future perspectives and potential therapeutic targeting of the microcirculation in MetS are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Coronary Blood Flow”.
Three tests of the hypothesis that glutamate is the sensory hair cell transmitter in the frog semicircular canal.

Abstract Three series of experiments were devised to test the hypothesis that glutamate is the transmitter released by sensory hair cells of the frog semicircular canal. These three tests were: 1—The Tolerance experiment (i.e. making the preparation tolerant to injected Glu yet still capable of responding to endogenous transmitter). 2—The Glu Decarboxylase experiment (i.e. bathing the preparation in sufficient enzyme to prevent the effects of exogenous Glu by degrading it without affecting the response to endogenous transmitter) and; 3—The Diltiazem experiment (i.e. using the calcium channel antagonist, diltiazem, to prevent the effect of exogenous Glu and yet not to interfere with endogenous transmitter release and action). The Tolerance and Diltiazem experiments produced results indicative of a clear dissociation between exogenous Glu and natural transmitter. The Glu decarboxylase experiment results were not so clear, producing both evidence for and against the hypothesis.
Multicomponent Seismic Time-lapse Cross-plot And Its Applications

A synthetic poorly consolidated sandstone reservoir of varying thickness, porosity, and clay content, embedded in shale is considered for this study. A reservoir segment which has constant properties equal to average reservoir properties is used for calculating seismic attributes including travel times and reflection coefficients (RCs). For a range of water saturation and pore pressure, Multicomponent (MC) seismic, i.e., P-P, P-SV, and SH-SH, travel times trough and RCs at top of the reservoir segment have been calculated. Then, we computed changes in travel times and RCs with respect to a reference travel time and RC calculated at a reference saturation and pressure. We plotted changes in RCs versus changes in travel times. The corresponding time-lapse cross-plot shows interesting patterns for saturation and pressure changes and has a potential for quantitatively discriminating pressure and saturation changes. Next, we deployed a statistical method to determine the efficacy of MC seismic in detecting production-induced time-lapse changes. The significant and representative data in time-lapse cross-plot allows us to statistically analyze the detectability of a known scenario of saturation and pressure changes using MC seismic attributes. Applying different thresholds for travel times and RCs, we constructed joint probability detectors (JPDs) that help us to compare the likelihood of detection of a known change in dynamic reservoir properties using different component of seismic data. Repeating the above mentioned procedures for reservoir segments with various porosities, thicknesses, and clay contents gives insight into a classification of various reservoir types or different parts of a laterally varying reservoir in terms of saturation and pressure discrimination and statistical detectability.
Dynamics of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions: energy partitioning of reactants and quantitation of synchronicity.

The dynamics of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nine 1,3-dipoles with ethylene and acetylene have been explored by quasiclassical trajectory and single trajectory calculations in the retro-cycloaddition direction to compute energy partitioning of reactants among relative translation, vibration, and rotation. The results are interpreted with an expanded version of Polanyi’s Rules for bimolecular reactions, and three trends are evident. (1) Relative translation of reactants is the main contributor to surmounting the barrier, since all transition states (TSs) are early with respect to σ bond formation. (2) Vibrational excitation in the 1,3-dipole bending modes required for reaction is related to the lateness of the TS with respect to dipole bending: diazonium betaines (late TS, dipole bending required) > nitrilium betaines > azomethine betaines (early TS, dipole bending least important). This is also the order of the activation barriers (high → low). (3) The previously reported linear correlation between activ...
New chromosomal translocations correlate with specific immunophenotypes of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Cytogenetic analysis of leukemic cells obtained at diagnosis from 122 patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) disclosed chromosomal translocations in 36 cases. Two new nonrandom translocations were identified and found to be associated with specific immunophenotypes of the disease. The first, identified in 4 of 16 cases of T-cell ALL positive for sheep erythrocyte receptors (E+), involved the short arm (p) of chromosome 11 and the long arm (q) of chromosome 14 and was designated t(11;14) (p13;q13). The second, found in 7 of 23 cases with a pre-B-cell phenotype, involved the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 19; it was designated t(1;19) (q23;p13.3). A third abnormality involving a common breakpoint on chromosome 12 (band p 12) was also identified. These two new differentiation-specific translocations suggest a mechanism for aberrant expression of genes that influence lymphoid cell growth and development, as well as leukemogenesis.
Assay of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by tritiated thymidine labeled tumor cells

A microtechnique for quantitating cell-mediated cytotoxicity using tritiated thymidine labeled target cells is presented. Target cell incorporation of tritiated thymidine is augmented by using methotrexate to arrest endogenous thymidine synthesis. Complete solubilization of labeled cells is accomplished by oxidizing samples to tritiated water and carbon dioxide prior to quantitation in a scintillation counter. This versatile technique, using various combinations of lymphocytes, sera and target cells, permits the simultaneous comparison of 500 or more individual samples.
The Ever-Changing Brain: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms for the Effects of Stressful Experiences

The adult brain is capable of considerable structural and functional plasticity and the study of hormone actions in brain has contributed to our understanding of this important phenomenon. In particular, stress and stress-related hormones such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids play a key role in the ability of acute and chronic stress to cause reversible remodeling of neuronal connections in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. To produce this plasticity, these hormones act by both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms together with ongoing, experience-driven neural activity mediated by excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor, extracellular molecules such as neural cell adhesion molecule, neuropeptides such as corticotrophin releasing factor, and endocannabinoids. The result is a dynamic brain architecture that can be modified by experience. Under this view, the role of pharmaceutical agents, such as antidepressants, is to facilitate such plasticity that must also be guided by experiences.
On a Market for Coalitions with Indivisible Agents and Lotteries

Abstract Given a game, the set of joint lotteries over partitions of the agents of any subgame induces a subset of the vectors of balancing weights for the subgame. Games whose subgames are all balanced with respect to these vectors of balancing weights are called totally L-balanced games. We show that such games are precisely the ones that can be generated from direct lottery markets. Total L-balancedness is equivalent to superadditivity. Thus, many interesting games that are not totally balanced, but are superadditive, can be generated from direct lottery markets. We also show that the core of a game coincides with the set of lottery equilibrium utility vectors of its direct lottery market.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C71, D51.
On the modularity of the lattice of fundamental orders on a semilattice

Let E be a semilattiee and let w E be the natural order relation on E, i.e., ewEf if and only if e = ef for all e,f e E. Denote by A E the identity relation on E. Let B E be a set of all order relations on E which are stable with respect to multiplication on E and are contained (as binary relations) in w E . Then r is an algebraic lattice under set-theoretic inclusion of order relations with w E as unit and b E as zero. It is the lattice of all so-called fundamental orders on E (see, for example, [1]). At the Nebraska Conference on Semigroups [2, p. 1353 the author raised a question: "What are those semilattices whose lattices of fundamental orders are modular (distributive)?" A partial answer to that question was known-in [33 (see also [i]) all trees with the mentioned property were described. Here we answer the question for all semilattices with zero.
Storm-graded layers on inner continental shelves: Examples from southern Brazil and the Atlantic coast of the Central United States

Abstract Size-graded layers have been reported from the United States and Brazilian Atlantic continental shelves, amid a bedform association that includes ripples, megaripples, sand waves, and sand ridges. Graded layers are most apparent in the lag gravels and shell hashes that overlie an older substrate in the troughs between sand ridges, but also occur as thinner, isolated beds within the sand ridges. At least four different models seem to be applicable to graded bed formation. The stratigraphic graded model, grading occurs within and immediately above the basal lag gravel of the Holocene transgressive sand sheet. It is a consequence of the generation of the sand sheet by erosional shoreface retreat. Such graded sequences are formed by landward facies displacement over thousands of years, but the process is storm-mediated, and sequences may contain thinner storm-graded layers. The storm-graded model calls for entrainment of sediment by storm flow and subsequent graded deposition under waning energy. In the bedform migration model, the migration of megaripples and sand waves may produce thin graded beds at any level within the Holocene sand sheet, and sand ridge migration can cause graded sequences in the basal part of the Holocene sand sheet. The bottom liquefaction model relies on storm-wave pumping of the seafloor sands with their resultant liquefaction and settling of coarser clasts. Beds in which sorting is confined to coarse shell material may be of this origin. These models are believed to be complementary rather than mutually exclusive.
Integrating coherency and recoverability in distributed systems

We propose a technique for maintaining coherency of a transactional distributed shared memory, used by applications accessing a shared persistent store. Our goal is to improve support for fine-grained distributed data sharing in collaborative design applications, such as CAD systems and software development environments. In contrast, traditional research in distributed shared memory has focused on supporting parallel programs; in this paper, we show how distributed programs can benefit from this shared-memory abstraction as well.Our approach, called log-based coherency, integrates coherency support with a standard mechanism for ensuring recoverability of persistent data. In our system, transaction logs are the basis of both recoverability and coherency. We have prototyped log-based coherency as a set of extensions to RVM [Satyanarayanan et al. 94], a runtime package supporting recoverable virtual memory. Our prototype adds coherency support to RVM in a simple way that does not require changes to existing RVM applications. We report on our prototype and its performance, and discuss its relationship to other DSM systems.
Electromechanical Correlations in Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis

Six of 14 patients with hemodynamically proven subaortic stenosis (SAS) showed electrocardiographic patterns consistent with myocardial infarction. Analysis of the 0.02-sec horizontal plane vector allowed discrimination between true myocardial infarction and SAS. In SAS this vector was shifted anteriorly and to the right consistent with septal hypertrophy and increased left-to-right early septal forces. Cineangiographic studies of left ventricular contraction revealed a unique pattern also consistent with septal hypertrophy disproportionately greater than that of the ventricular free wall. No correlation existed between maximal instantaneous vectorial voltage, and either the peak left ventricular pressure or the pressure gradient within the left ventricular outflow tract. Striking increases in vectorial forces in SAS may be related to dystrophic changes within the myocardial mass and may not be attributable to simple hypertrophy secondary to hemodynamic obstruction.
The Diagnosis and Stigma of Schizophrenia: A Review

For many people, the diagnosis of schizophrenia has long been an unwelcome label, exposing those who live with the disease to the stigma and defamation that may accompany it. In The Diagnosis and S...
In vitro response to hyperthermia or X-irradiation of diploid and tetraploid RIF-1 cells separated by centrifugal elutriation.

The RIF-1 cell line at the University of Utah is comprised of approximately 65 per cent diploid and 35 per cent tetraploid cells. Because sensitivity to heat cell killing has been shown to be ploidy dependent (Lucke-Huhle 1978), the responses of these subpopulations were examined independently. Diploid and tetraploid cells were separated from stock in vitro cultures by centrifugal elutriation and maintained entirely in vitro. No influence of ploidy on Do or Dq of heat dose survival curves could be detected. Neither did ploidy affect sensitivity to X-irradiation. However, separation of the diploid and tetraploid subpopulations was imperfect. The ratio of diploid to tetraploid cells in the separated and parent (mixed ploidy) lines was therefore monitored at each passage. Tetraploid contamination of the diploid cell subline was undetectable at the time of separation but regrew to 35 per cent by 40 days after separation. Diploid contamination of the tetraploid subline was initially > 5 per cent and remained q...
Short, Average-Height, Tall, and Big Men: Body-Cathexis, Clothing and Retail Satisfactions, and Clothing Behavior:

The purpose of the study was to examine the mean differences in body-cathexis, satisfactions, and dissatisfactions with the clothing and retail attributes, and clothing behavior among short, average-height, tall, and big men. Data from a national random sample of 269 male consumers were analyzed. One-way analyses of variance showed that these four groups differed on mean body-cathexis, satisfactions with clothing, and retail attributes, but not on clothing behavior. Managerial implications based on the findings are discussed.
Process Memos Facilitating Dialogues about Writing between Students and Instructors

We have created a new teaching tool—process memos—to improve student writing. Process memos are guided reflections submitted with scaffolded assignments that facilitate a written dialogue between s...
On the existence of finite state supervisors for arbitrary supervisory control problems

Given two prefix closed languages K, L /spl sube/ /spl Sigma/*, where K /spl sube/ L represents the desired closed-loop behavior and L is the open-loop behavior, there exists a finite-state supervisor that enforces K in the closed loop if and only if there is a regular, prefix-closed language M /spl sube/ /spl Sigma/*, such that: 1) M/spl Sigma//sub u//spl cup/L/spl sube/M, and 2) M/spl cup/L=K. In this paper, we show that this is equivalent to: 1) the controllability of sup/spl lcub/P/spl sube/K/spl cup/L/spl macr//spl verbar/pr(P)=P/spl rcub/ with respect to /spl Sigma/*; and 2) the regularity of sup/spl lcub/P/spl sube/K/spl cup/L/spl macr//spl verbar/pr(P)=P/spl rcub/, where L/spl macr/=/spl Sigma/*/spl minus/L:and pr(/spl middot/) is the set of prefixes of strings in the language argument. We use this property to investigate the issue of deciding the existence of a finite-state supervisor for different representations. We also present some properties of the language sup/spl lcub/P/spl sube/K/spl cup/L/spl macr//spl verbar/pr(P)=P/spl rcub/, along with implications to the synthesis of solutions to the supervisory control problem with the fewest states. >
Insulin Accelerates the Post Germinative Development of Several Fat-Storing Seeds

The effect of insulin and insulin like growth factors I and II on sunflower, watermelon and cucumber cotyledons has been examined. Each peptide stimulates an increase in the activity of several glyoxysomal enzymes which catalyze the conversion of fat to carbohydrate. These results provide the first evidence for the action of insulin and insulin like growth factors in plants.
Global Ablation Techniques

Global endometrial ablation techniques are a relatively new surgical technology for the treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding that can now be used even in an outpatient clinic setting. A comparison of global ablation versus earlier ablation technologies notes no significant differences in success rates and some improvement in patient satisfaction. The advantages of the newer global endometrial ablation systems include less operative time, improved recovery time, and decreased anesthetic risk. Ablation procedures performed in an outpatient surgical or clinic setting provide advantages both of potential cost savings for patients and the health care system and improved patient convenience.
Finding an "Achilles' heel" of cancer: the role of glucose and glutamine metabolism in the survival of transformed cells.

Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the process of tumorigenesis is often associated with altered metabolism of two major nutrients, glucose and glutamine. These two nutrients are engaged in multiple metabolic pathways that can be required for cell viability. The roles of glucose and glutamine in the survival of transformed cells both in vitro and in vivo have been separately evaluated in various cell systems, and glucose as the major cellular energy source has received most of the attention. At the same time, data suggests that the inclusion of glucose and glutamine into specific metabolic pathways and cellular sensitivity to the availability of either of these nutrients depends on the cell origin and the combination and nature of transforming events. Exploiting cell metabolism to develop selective cancer therapeutics requires consideration of these factors and evaluation of the requirement of glucose and glutamine metabolism for survival of different transformed cells. Here we discuss possible mole...
A Factual Analysis of Chromosomal Movement in Barbulanympha

SYNOPSIS. The role of eleven different types of achromatic figures in chromosomal movement of Barbulanympha is analyzed. When only one pole is present, no chromosomes are ever connected with it, and hence they do not move. The chromosomes go through their usual life cycle including pairing, but remain in the parent nucleus, which, of course, does not divide. When two poles are present with only one pole near the nucleus, the poles, which are the distal ends of the elongate centrioles, do not cooperate in the formation of a central spindle and the chromosomal behavior is just as if there were only one pole—no movement. The same is true when more than two poles are present with only one near the nucleus. Unless a central spindle is present, movement of chromosomes never occurs. However, when many central spindles are present, sister chromosomes may separate and move to poles which are not directly connected by a central spindle. In other words, sisters may separate without moving along a central spindle. In binucleate cells with one central spindle the chromosomes of one nucleus move to the poles, but those of the other do not. Movement always occurs in the nucleus that has its nuclear membrane depressed by the central spindle. When two or more central spindles are present, the chromosomes of both nuclei may move to the poles.
A technique for the observation of rapid solidification and annealing of powders in a transmission electron microscope

Abstract A technique has been described in which rapid solidification and/or subsequent annealing of alloys may be studied in-situ using electron microscopy. Thus, sub-micron powders may be annealed or melted, using the electron beam as a local heating source, and rapidly solidified by obstructing the electron beam from the molten powder. Two examples of this technique have been given, one involving the solidification and annealing of an Al-4.5wt.%Cu alloy, the other crystallization of glassy powders of Cu-45at.%Zr.
Physiologic Studies of Pulmonary Edema at High Altitude

Cardiac catheterization studies have been performed in four patients during acute pulmonary edema at an elevation of 12,300 feet in the central Peruvian Andes. Pulmonary hypertension, low cardiac output, arterial unsaturation, and low normal pulmonary artery wedge pressures were observed. Oxygen breathing was accompanied by a prompt, marked fall in pulmonary artery pressure and a slight rise in wedge pressure, indicating the presence of anoxic pulmonary arteriolar constriction. In one patient, pulmonary artery wedge pressures were not elevated during added hypoxia nor during exercise. The blood pressure response to the Valsalva maneuver was normal. Similar studies were carried out in four subjects after recovery from pulmonary edema. One 9-year-old boy had persisting pulmonary hypertension. None had evidence of underlying cardiac disease. An abnormal rise in pulmonary artery pressure during induced hypoxia was observed in three of four patients. It is concluded that pulmonary edema at high altitude is a u...
Beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A perspective on low high-density lipoprotein disorders and Lp(a) lipoprotein excess.

Evidence supports the involvement of 2 common dyslipidemias-low high-density lipoprotein disorders and Lp(a) lipoprotein excess—in coronary heart disease. Until clinical trials determine whether specific therapeutic interventions can prevent the occurrence and recurrence of coronary heart disease in patients with these dyslipidemias, the implementation of cholesterol-lowering guidelines can provide a reasonable way to manage low highdensity lipoprotein disorders and to identify specific categories of patients who may be at particularly high risk for premature coronary heart disease. Empiric treatment guidelines are suggested for low high-density lipoprotein disorders and Lp(a) lipoprotein excess in order to foster further discussion and validation by clinical trial data. (Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:1278-1284)
Origin of xenon-124 and -126 in carbonaceous chondrites.

The present composition of atmospheric xenon and xenon in carbonaceous chondrites and other meteorites is shown here to result from high-energy proton irradiation on a primitive composition, which gives rise to secondary neutron-capture effects. With this new theory, we calculate a primordial (p-process) composition line and a spallogenic (x-process) composition line for the light isotopes 124Xe and 126Xe. All experimental values essentially lie between these two lines on a three isotope plot. Under these circumstances, it is not necessary to invoke exotic solar system material to explain the xenon anomalies observed in the carbonaceous chondrites.
Thought Disorder in High-Functioning Autistic Adults.

Examined thought disorder in a sample (n = 11) of high-functioning autistic young adults and older adolescents (mean IQ = 83) utilizing objective ratings from the Thought, Language and Communication Disorder Scale (TLC Scale) and projective data from the Rorschach ink blots. Results from the TLC Scale pointed to negative features of thought disorder in this sample (e.g., Poverty of Speech). Rorschach protocols revealed poor reality testing and perceptual distortions in every autistic subject, and also identified several areas of cognitive slippage (e.g., Incongruous Combinations, Fabulized Combinations, Deviant Responses, Inappropriate Logic). Comparing TLC Scale and Rorschach results to schizophrenic reference groups, autistic subjects demonstrated significantly more Poverty of Speech and less Illogically on the TLC Scale, and on the Rorschach they evidenced features of thought disorder that are encountered also in schizophrenia. Results are discussed in relation to the measures employed, and to areas of similarity and difference between autism and schizophrenia.
Prenatal betamethasone does not affect glutamatergic or GABAergic neurogenesis in preterm newborns

Prenatal glucocorticoids (GCs) are routinely used for pregnant women in preterm labor to prevent respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. However, the effect of antenatal GCs on neurogenesis in preterm neonates remains elusive. Herein, we hypothesized that prenatal GCs might suppress both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurogenesis in preterm rabbits and that this treatment would induce distinct changes in the expression of transcription factors regulating these developmental events. To test our hypotheses, we treated pregnant rabbits with betamethasone at E27 and E28, delivered the pups at E29 (term=32d), and assessed neurogenesis at birth and postnatal day 3. We quantified radial glia (Sox2(+)) and intermediate progenitor cells (Tbr2(+)) in the dorsal cortical subventricular zone to assess glutamatergic neuronal progenitors, and counted Nkx2.1(+) and Dlx2(+) cells in the ganglionic eminence to evaluate GABAergic neurogenesis. In addition, we assayed transcription factors regulating neurogenesis. We found that prenatal GCs did not affect the densities of radial glia and intermediate progenitors of glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. The number of GABA(+) interneurons in the ganglionic eminence was similar between the prenatal GC-treated pups compared to untreated controls. Moreover, the mRNA expression of transcription factors, including Pax6, Ngn1/2, Emx1/2, Insm1, Dlx1, Nkx2.1, and Gsh2, were comparable between the two groups. However, there was a transient elevation in Mash1 protein in betamethasone-treated pups relative to controls at birth. These data suggest that prenatal GC treatment does not significantly impact the balance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurogenesis in premature infants.
Martin Van Buren and the Tariff of Abominations

ONE of the generally accepted interpretations in American history is that Martin Van Buren introduced the Tariff of Abominations into Congress in I828 with the purpose of defeating it. Although there are many sources to support this theory, written in the main by Van Buren's political enemies who had no knowledge of his intentions, there are other sources, written by the authors of the tariff, which contradict it. This article suggests that the standard interpretation is open to serious question. In I826, Senator Van Buren dropped all pretense to a middle position between the Jacksonians and the followers of President John Quincy Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay. Accusing the administration of federalism, a sincere conviction if not the motivating one, he joined the Jacksonian party and was enthusiastically welcomed by his new friends. This enthusiasm sprang in part from the knowledge that he controlled New York's thirty-six electoral votes along with a relatively large contingent of politicians he had formerly managed for William H. Crawford in the "disastrous" presidential election of i824.1 Few, if any, demands were placed on Van Buren by the Jacksonians after his conversion. He was expected to do his duty, particularly with respect to the thirty-six votes. But Van Buren was never one to play a minor part in political drama; during the following two years he conceived a rather exalted view of his duty and assumed for himself the role of chief campaign manager for Jackson in the election of I828. No one questioned his right. No one challenged his stand as top congressional leader. Almost immediately Van Buren began a one-man campaign in Jackson's behalf. In his bid for electoral votes in various sections of the country he made an extended trip through the coastal Southern states in the spring of
Shopping for danger e-commerce techniques applied to collaboration in cyber security

Collaboration among cyber security analysts is essential to a successful protection strategy on the Internet today. Time and effort are common barriers to collaboration. We propose an ambient collaboration framework, called Vulcan, designed to remove those barriers and mitigate others. By applying concepts developed in the context of e-commerce - specifically collaborative filtering - and instrumenting common analytic tools, we automate the process of sharing. We discuss the framework design and the instrumentation of two analytic applications, concluding with lessons learned from a mock analysis session that tested the output of the system.
Evaluating the College of Choice.

A guide for evaluating college support services and adaptive programs for college-bound LD students