cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flavor and Antioxidant Capacity of Peanut Paste and Peanut Butter Supplemented with Peanut Skins

Abstract: Peanut skins (PS) are a good source of phenolic compounds. This study evaluated antioxidant properties and flavor of peanut paste and peanut butter enhanced with peanut skins. PS were added to both materials in concentrations of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, and 20.0% (w/w). PS, peanut paste, and peanut butter used in the study had initial total phenolics contents of 158, 12.9, and 14.1 mg GAE/g, respectively. Hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) of peanut skins was 189453 μMol Trolox/100 g and addition of 5% PS increased H-ORAC of peanut paste and peanut butter by 52% to 63%. Descriptive sensory analysis indicated that the addition of 1% PS did not change intensity of descriptors in the sensory profile of either peanut paste or peanut butter. Addition of 5% PS resulted in significant differences in woody, hulls, skins; bitter; and astringent descriptors and 10% PS addition resulted in significant differences in most attributes toward more negative flavor. Practical Application: Peanut skins are a low-value residue material from peanut processing which contain naturally occurring phenolic compounds. The use of this material to improve antioxidant capacity and shelf-life of foods can add value to the material and improve the nutritional value of foods. The improved nutritional qualities and unchanged flavor profile occurring with low levels of peanuts skins in peanut paste and peanut butter suggest potential application of this technology in various food industries.
Background, Principles and Promise of Nanodielectrics

Electrical insulation based on nanodielectric technology stems from the use of fillers in polymeric materials which has been common practice since polymer insulation was first introduced. However, when the filler size is reduced to nanometric size, the internal interface becomes dominant and unique properties can be obtained. The basic processes and effects are introduced in order to provide background and context for the remaining chapters.
Stability of nitroglycerin tablets submitted by U.S. hospitals

The stability of nitroglycerin tablets that had been stored in hospitals across the United States was studied. Through a voluntary FDA drug stability program, all hospital pharmacies in the United States were asked in October 1981 to complete a response card indicating information about nitroglycerin tablets they had in stock. Based on the responses, FDA selected 167 samples (representing three manufacturers and all available tablet strengths) from pharmacies that represented an adequate cross section of the country. The samples were analyzed for content uniformity, strength, identification, and disintegration; samples that left a residue on the screen of the tablet disintegration basket were tested for dissolution by three methods and compared with samples that did not leave a residue. All samples met USP requirements for content uniformity, strength, and disintegration. Six samples that showed unusual disintegration characteristics dissolved slowly by one or more methods; however, other samples also showed slow dissolution. Nitroglycerin tablets appear to be stable when stored under actual marketplace conditions. The USP disintegration test will not distinguish between rapidly and slowly dissolving tablets.
ENACCT's pilot education program (PEP): A model to enhance understanding of cancer clinical trials for community providers and community leaders

e17514 Background: While nearly 20% of adult cancer patients are eligible for cancer clinical trials, less than 3% of cancer patients participate. Rates of participation are lower among communities...
A “Shocking” Presentation: Teen Female with Acute Myelopathy and Spinal Infarct

A 14 year old female presented to an outside ER with acute onset of weakness and numbness of all extremities. She was vacationing on a North Carolina beach and upon walking to the shore from the water suddenly developed rapidly ascending weakness and paresthesia accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath. No change in mental status. No fever or rash. She did have recent upper respiratory infection 2 weeks prior. She had no past medical history and was on no medications. …
Release and synthesis of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in pituitary cultures in response to hypothalamic preparations.

SummaryAddition of microgram amounts of highly purified porcine LH-RH twice daily for 3 days to female rat anterior pituitaries in vitro significantly increased the quantities of LH and FSH released. Total LH and FSH contents in stimulated tissue and medium exceeded those of controls as measured by radioimmunoassays for LH and FSH and by bioassay for FSH.
Fatigue crack growth through alloyed niobium, Nb-Cr2Nb, and Nb-Nb5Si3 in situ composites

Fatigue cracks were grown through several niobium-based materials. For Nb-Cr-Ti composition materials, the single-phase alloy represented the matrix of two in situ composites with about 22 and 38 vol pct Cr2Nb. Grain boundaries were coated with intermetallic in the lower-volume fraction material, while the 38 vol pct Cr2Nb composite consisted of mainly spherical, dispersed intermetallic. The Nb-10Si composite was composed of about 28 vol pct primary Nb5Si3, with most of the matrix alloy in “fiberlike” shapes due to extrusion. Crack growth rates through the composites were generally faster than for unalloyed Nb, roughly in proportion to the volume fraction of intermetallic, although differences in microstructure make this comparison difficult. The presence of intermetallic greatly alters deformation of material near the crack tip. Particles of Cr2Nb were broken during the crack growth process, leading to increased crack growth rates. These results suggest microstructural modifications that could be expected to enhance fatigue crack growth resistance.
Levels and Relationship of Blood Lead and Other 6 Trace Elements among Preschool Children in Zhongmou County of Henan Province

[Objective]To investigate the blood lead levels and the relationship between Pb and Zn,Cu,Fe,Ca,Mg and Mn.[Methods]The levels of Pb,Zn,Cu,Fe,Ca,Mg and Mn in the blood of 624 preschool children aged 2~5 years were measured.The relationship between Pb and Zn,Cu,Fe,Ca,Mg and Mn was analyzed by multiple linear regression method.[Results]According to Standard Lead Poisoning of American CDC(blood Pb level≥0.483 μmol/L),the detection rate of lead poisoning was 22.6%.The total detection rate of boy and that of 4-year-age group were significantly higher than that of girl;Pb level and Cu level in boys' blood were significantly higher than that of girls(P0.05,P0.01).However,there was not significant relationship between Pb level and other 6 trace elements.[Conclusion]There was no relationship between levels of blood Pb and Zn,Fe,Cu,Ca,Mg,Mn of preschool children in Zhongmou County.
Use of Venom Coagglutinin and Lyophilized Platelets in Testing for Platelet-Aggregating von Willebrand Factor

Previous procedures for measuring von Willebrand factor (vWF) in human plasma have usually utilized ristocetin and platelet-rich plasma or washed platelets. In this study, we describe a new approach for determination of vWF utilizing two new reagents. One is venom coagglutinin, a recently recognized component of Bothrops and other venoms, which aggregates platelets in the presence of vWF. The other is lyophilized fixed human platelets. The rate of platelet aggregation was found to be a function of both plasma vWF and venom coagglutinin concentration. By keeping the venom factor constant, simple and reliable test procedures for vWF were devised. Both a macroscopic test procedure and aggregometry were used for measuring platelet aggregation, with similar findings. Results obtained with the venom coagglutinin reagent were compared with those obtained with ristocetin. With the venom factor, normal plasmas from 20 subjects had a range of 70%–133% vWF and a mean of 96% of a reference plasma, while with ristocetin, the values were 63%–131%, mean 101%. Plasmas from seven von Willebrand disease patients gave comparable reduced values for vWF with venom factor and with ristocetin. The venom coagglutinin and dried platelet reagents appear to provide the basis for simple and reliable procedures for determination of plasma vWF.
Simultaneous treatment with single-agent chemotherapy and radiation for locally advanced cancer of the head and neck

A substantial proportion of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck have extensive locoregional disease at presentation. While extensive surgical procedures may completely eradicate local disease with acceptable morbidity for smaller tumors, in patients with stage III and IV disease, high local relapse rates and relatively short survival times still characterize the course of the majority of such patients. For patients with locally unresectable disease, the combined use of chemotherapy and radiation has resulted in encouraging data both in terms of local control and survival. Combined-modality programs frequently employ platinum coordination complexes, and standard or hyperfractionated radio-therapy toxicity data suggest that the overall tolerance of such programs is acceptable and, more important, long-term follow-up has shown that function can be largely preserved. In this review we illustrate the experience with combined single-agent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and discuss the methodologic difficulties of clinical trials in this setting. We describe our experience with combined carboplatin and simultaneous conventional radiation in patients with extensive unresectable locoregional disease. Encouraging results and modest toxicity clearly support further testing with this approach, especially in patients with less advanced and bulky disease.
Cancer Outcomes in Hispanics/Latinos in the United States: An Integrative Review and Conceptual Model of Determinants of Health

Cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanics. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stages of disease and experience poor quality of life following a cancer diagnosis. Cancer outcomes are influenced by a confluence of social, cultural, behavioral and biological factors. Yet, much of the behavioral and psychosocial research in oncology has focused on non-Hispanic Whites, thus limiting our understanding of the potential web of factors that can influence cancer-related outcomes among Hispanics. Furthermore, features of Hispanic ethnicity and culture may influence and interact with, social, psychosocial, health care, disease-specific, and medical factors known to influence cancer-related outcomes, yet very few studies have integrated Hispanic cultural processes when addressing cancer-related outcomes for this ethnic group. Guided by the extant literature in oncology, Hispanic culture and health, and previously established models of determinants of minority health, we present a conceptual model that highlights the interplay of social, cultural, psychosocial, disease-specific, health care, and medical factors as determinants of cancer outcomes (morbidity, mortality, quality of life) and review key evidence of how features of Hispanic culture may influence cancer outcomes and contribute to the disparate outcomes observed in Hispanic cancer samples relative to non-Hispanic Whites. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of future research opportunities and existing challenges to researching oncology outcomes among Hispanics.
Performance Analysis of a Low-Power Magnetically Shielded Hall Thruster: Experiments

The successful application of a fully shielding magnetic field topology in a low-power Hall thruster is demonstrated through the testing of the MaSMi-60 Hall thruster (an improved variant of the or...
An empirical study of financial incentivized question answering in social websites

With the rapid growth of online social network sites such as Face-book and Twitter, social question and answering (Q&A) has become an important venue for people to seek and share information. However, due to lack of specific Q&A feature design and users' motivations in answering questions, social Q&A has been reported to have a much lower response rate compared with traditional professional Q&A sites such as Stack Overflow and Yahoo! Answers. Recently, WenDa, an emerging social Q&A product built on top of a leading Chinese social website (Sina WeiBo) has been launched to fill this gap. WenDa employs a novel economic model to motivate users to ask and answer questions. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to understand the effectiveness of this economic model in motivating users to participate in the social Q&A. Besides, we analyze how this economic model and the social user relationships shape the question types as well as question topics. Our observations and study results are of significant values in providing insights for the design and development of social Q&A.
Actions speak louder: Effects of a transforming steering wheel on post-transition driver performance

For partially autonomous vehicles, the user interface conveys vital information to drivers and can greatly influence how drivers behave after a transition of control from automation. Conventional interfaces that use audio and visual channels are helpful, but are limited in effectiveness. In this paper, we explore the use of a transforming steering wheel interface to assist drivers in transitions of control. We conducted two studies evaluating the effects of this system on driver performance and user experience. The first is a quantitative controlled study examining driving performance after an abrupt loss of autonomous vehicle control. The participants (N = 56) experienced a simulated driving scenario that varied the behavior of the steering wheel (transforming and non-transforming) and the transition time (2 seconds and 5 seconds). Drivers who experienced the transforming steering wheel performed significantly better than those who experienced a non-transforming steering wheel. The second study is qualitative and exploratory, where interaction experts (N = 14) evaluated the transforming steering wheel using design improvisation. The findings of these two studies suggest that a transforming steering wheel can be utilized to better assist drivers in taking back control in future autonomous vehicles.
An investigation of the probability of reciprocation in a risk-reduction model of sharing.

Abstract A laboratory study investigated whether reductions in the probability of reciprocation would influence sharing in situations of shortfall risk. Choice in twelve adults was evaluated against the predictions of a risk-reduction model of sharing derived from a risk-sensitive foraging theory (the energy-budget rule). Participants responded on a computer task to earn hypothetical money which could be later exchanged for real money. If participants selected the sharing option, their earnings were pooled and split with a (fictitious) partner. To model shortfall risk, the task was arranged so that participants lost their accumulated earnings if it fell below an earnings requirement. Across conditions the probability that the partner would contribute to the pool was .95, .65, and 0. Choosing the sharing option was optimal under the .95 and .65, but not 0 condition. Although levels of preference for the sharing option were below optimal, participants chose it significantly more in the .95 and .65 conditions than in the 0 condition. Sharing was lower in the .65 condition than .95 condition but the difference was not statically significant. The results are consistent with prior cooperation research and demonstrate that under shortfall risk, reductions in the probability of reciprocation by partners may decrease sharing.
Bloodless tandem autologous transplant in Jehovah’s Witness patients

Tandem autologous transplants are generally the preferred therapy for newly diagnosed intermediate- and high-risk myeloma patients. More Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) are receiving single autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplants (PBSCTs). However, tandem autologous transplants have not been reported in JW patients. We performed a retrospective study of 54 patients, including four JW patients who received tandem autologous transplants between August 2000 and January 2017 and the last 50 consecutive tandem autologous transplants performed between August 2014 and August 2016. The bleeding complications, number, and cost of transfusions of blood products were compared. The median number of CD34 cells infused in non-JW patients was 8.16 million cells/kg versus 9.44 million cells/kg in JW patients. During the first 30 days, one JW experienced Grade III pulmonary hemorrhage, while none of the non-JW patients had a Grade III or higher bleeding problem. After tandem autologous transplants, complete remission was achieved in 88% of non-JW, compared with 75% in JW patients. In the first 30 days post-transplant, median platelet and packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions in non-JW patients was 2 (range: 0-40) and 1 (range: 0-11), respectively. Total cost of PRBC and platelet transfusions for the 50 non-JW was $214,664 (average $2147/transplant). Tandem autologous transplants can thus be performed safely without a single blood transfusion.
The Influence of Horizontal Equity, Self Efficacy, and Ethical Position on the Creation of Budgetary Slack

THE INFLUENCE OF HORIZONTAL EQUITY, SELF EFFICACY, AND ETHICAL POSITION ONE THE CREATION OF BUDGETARY SLACK By Ira A. Abdullah, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013. Chair: Dr. Benson Wier, Professor Department of Accounting Virginia Commonwealth University Co Chair: Dr. Alisa G. Brink, Assistant Professor Department of Accounting Virginia Commonwealth University The budgeting process plays an important role in organizations’ planning and controlling functions. Managers often have incentives to misreport their private information and inaccurately set budget targets so that they are easily achievable. Such inaccuracy in budget targets is referred to as budgetary slack. Prior research documents that managers’ decisions to create budgetary slack are influenced by both preferences for wealth and non-pecuniary motivations. The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of how social preferences such as preferences for horizontal equity, self efficacy perceptions, and ethical position influence managers’ budgetary slack creation. The results reveal a significant interaction between horizontal equity (equal and unequal compensation relative to a peer) and self efficacy (poor and
The Classical Gene: Its Nature and its Legacy

Much has been written in recent years by biologists, historians, and philosophers of biology about the gene concept and its evolving meaning over time (Burian, 1985; Darden, 1991; Falk, 1986, 1995; Kitcher, 1982; Portin, 1993; Gifford, 2000; Rheinberger, 2000). These studies have provided a useful review of the literature tracing the term through almost a century of its changing meaning (Portin, 1993) and various philosophical usages. The terms ‘classical gene,’ ‘developmental gene,’ ‘biochemical gene,’ and ‘molecular gene’ all have appeared in the recent historical and philosophical literature. But it has not always been clear how these terms differ from one another, whether they map onto specific chronological periods, or the extent to which they overlap in meaning (e.g., how similar or different are the ‘classical’ and the ‘developmental’ gene?). Few contemporary geneticists or historians/philosophers of science would deny that the concept of the ‘gene,’ referring to the material basis of heredity, has undergone significant changes in the course of its evolution during the past century. The key question is: what is the nature of that change? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Has there been divergence into competing gene concepts either in the past or in recent times? How can the history of gene concepts help to illuminate some of the current questions and problems scientific and ethical confronting modern researchers and policy makers about issues such as genetic manipulation, privacy rights, patenting of genes, and the medicalization of social behaviors that are claimed to have a “genetic” basis?
Theoretical Study of Chemical Shielding in Silatrane and Its Derivatives

The 15N and 29Si shielding tensors (σ) of silatrane and a set of derivatives are sensitive to substituent-induced structural changes, as reflected in measured chemical shift tensors (δ). As the silicon-nitrogen internuclear distance (rSi-N) decreases, the isotropic 15N chemical shift moves to lower shielding and the isotropic 29Si chemical shift moves to higher shielding. The magnitude of the 15N chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) decreases, while the 29Si CSA increases as rSi-N decreases. These changes in the 15N CSA are primarily due to the change in σ┴, which decreases as rSi-N decreases. For 29Si, all three principal elements change substantially as rSi-N is varied. Variations in the 15N chemical shift elements are interpreted primarily in terms of a direct N---Si transannular interaction. Results of ab initio chemical shift calculations on various molecular models are in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed trends. The calculated quantities indicate that rSi-N variations, i.e., the transannular interaction, not bond angle variations, largely determine the variations in the 15N chemical shift tensor. For the 29Si chemical shift tensor, the identity of the directly-attached substituent and bond angle distortions also play important roles, especially the former.
Behavioral Simulation as a Tool for the Analysis of Policy Problems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses behavioral simulation as a tool for the analysis of policy problems. The major goal of behavioral simulation is to determine the process by which individuals, groups, or organizations solve problems or make decisions. Because of the emphasis on process, the entire effort is sometimes called process modeling. As a technique for modeling the behavior of individuals, organizations, or even systems, simulation permits the analysis of different stages of decision making and problem solving and their interaction, (2) the examination of decision criteria and priorities including the conditions under which these may or may not be operable, and (3) the identification of relative weights or rankings associated with decision variables. The flow chart is generally the major tool employed to determine the appropriate process. It is a powerful organizational device that allows the researcher to break task into components. The flow chart forces the researcher to be specific and to attend to detail. It is also important because it is generally the intermediate step between the observation of the process and the final reduction of that process to a computer program. Behavioral simulation is only beginning to be used for the purpose of analyzing public policy problems. The traditional objective of such a simulation was simply to replicate the process of problem solving or decision making and, thus, to contribute to a better understanding of the behavior under consideration.
Statistics: Applying Probability to Make Decisions

Whereas probability can be loosely described as the mathematical theory of measuring uncertainty, the discipline of statistics can be roughly characterized as the mathematical theory of making decisions in the face of uncertainty. In previous chapters, we have already seen some instances of statistical problems (for example, deciding whether a finite sequence of numbers is random). The main theoretical tool of the statistician is probability: in order to make rational decisions, it is necessary to measure the uncertainty for different possible outcomes. The statistician is primarily interested in learning about an entire population of things by studying a small sample of those things and then making inferences about the entire population from the evidence gathered from the sample. What the statistician does is called inductive inference, reasoning from the particular to the general case. As you can see, such an activity is fraught with danger.
Basic Elements of Didactique

Guy Brousseau was born in Morocco in 1933. Since his father was in the military, he wound up attending school in a number of different places. He was nonetheless quite successful, and earned himself admission to the Ecole Normale d’Instituteurs (Normal School for Elementary Teachers) in Agen. He earned a baccalaureate degree there, and then a more advanced baccalaureate (with distinction in elementary mathematics) at the Ecole Normale in Montpellier. This in turn led to his being given a scholarship to study mathematics in Toulouse in preparation for being admitted to an Ecole Normale Superieure. By the end of the year, however, he realized that this was not the direction he wanted to go. Much as he enjoyed the advanced mathematics and physics he was learning, his real fascination was with how children learn mathematics—not how children learn in general but very specifically how they learn mathematics. When one of his professors suggested that he belonged in the field of psychology he rejected the notion out of hand. In fact, even more specifically, he wanted to focus on how students learn mathematics in a classroom. He had, by this time, been exposed to the work of Piaget, and greatly admired many of his ideas and explorations, but felt that Piaget’s focus on individual children isolated from any group excluded some key learning dynamics. In pursuit of this fascination, he returned to Agen for a year to complete the studies required for a teaching certificate. At the end of the year he was given a position in a village school, teaching all of the village’s elementary age children. Shortly thereafter he married Nadine Labesque, whom he had met on his first day in Agen, and as a couple they were given a school in a slightly larger village. Nadine taught the younger half of the children, Guy the older. These years launched his experimental efforts, both in the classroom (his and Nadine’s) and out of it (for instance teaching a collection of farmers techniques for optimization and for computing areas.) He also continued learning about other people’s ideas by spending every spare moment in the nearby Tonneins or not-too-distant Toulouse. He gives a vivid description of himself standing in a bookstore voraciously consuming books (he bought enough to keep from being thrown out!) To avoid wasting any of his precious time, he developed a practice of invariably starting a book in the middle, so as to determine whether it had anything of interest and use to him. If he decided that it did, he generally figured out on his own what must have come before, only rarely actually going back and reading the early parts. In this way he acquired extensive knowledge of a wide range of material with remarkably little exposure to how the material is introduced to the more conventional reader who starts on page one.
Passive Upper Airway Thermoregulation and High-Speed Assessment for Conventional versus Menthol Cigarette: Implications for Laryngeal Physiology.

Summary Purpose This investigation combined measures of upper airway temperature (UAT) with high-speed laryngeal imaging in an individual who smoked a filtered conventional and menthol cigarette to identify laryngeal vibratory differences with upper airway temperature change. It was hypothesized that (1) average UAT differences between trials would be similar with UAT change ≤2°C and (2) high-speed parameters would not differ between trials. Method In a repeated measures design, UAT was measured continuously during smoking. High-speed laryngeal imaging was conducted immediately after each smoking trial and 10 minutes post. Results Average UAT and end-inspiratory temperature during the menthol trial was unexpectedly low. Immediately following both trials, there was an increase in phase asymmetry, vibratory amplitude (greater magnitude of change for the nonmenthol trial), and the opening phase of the glottal cycle and a decrease in fundamental frequency compared to the baseline. During recovery, parameters returned to the baseline for the nonmenthol trial, however, fundamental frequency continued to be lower and vibratory amplitude continued to be larger at recovery for the menthol trial. The measure of oscillatory onset time did not change across the trials immediately post cigarette trial and during recovery suggesting that smoking resulted in changes in sustained vibratory function rather than the onset behavior. Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that continuous thermal mapping and high-speed laryngeal function assessment may provide new information about the manner in which laryngeal tissue responds to passive thermal perturbations with direct implications for laryngeal epithelial and skeletal muscle function. Future large-scale studies are needed to investigate this in detail.
Computation of probable maximum precipitation and its uncertainty

Probable Maximum Precipitation PMP is used for estimating Probable Maximum Flood PMF which in turn is used for design of major hydraulic structures such as dams and spillways flood protection works and nuclear power plants One of the commonly used methods for estimating PMP is the statistical method also called Hershfield method that entails computation of frequency factor adjustment of the frequency factor construction of an enveloping curve of the frequency factor estimation of PMP choosing a probability distribution of PMP and determination of the return period of PMP There are however uncertainties associated with the PMP values estimated using the statistical method This study determined the PMP values for different durations using the statistical method with data from the Brazos River basin Texas It was found that significant uncertainty in the PMP estimates can occur with the use of enveloping curve of the frequency factor and the number of stations involved in its construction Hershfield rsquo s curve yielded higher frequency factor values by for hour duration by for hour duration and by for hour duration In comparison with basin specific values the PMP values from the Hershfield enveloping curve were higher for hour duration for hour duration and for hour duration For most of the Brazos River basin the return period of the PMP values was in the range of to years which was less than the range of to years reported in HMR showing the degree of risk associated with the PMP values Therefore a basin specific enveloping curve is suggested From commonly used statistical distributions and goodness of fit tests the Burr Type XII distribution was found to be the best frequency distribution for describing PMP It was observed that the return period obtained from the Burr type XII frequency distribution was not significantly higher than that obtained from the hydreometeorological reports HMRs of National Weather Service and other studies
High School Student Driving Perceptions Following Participation in a Distracted Driving Curriculum

Objectives. Distracted driving is a major public health issue in the United States. In response to requests from high school students participating in a university-based initiative, the authors des...
A Comparison of Mixed Dentition Dental Development in Cleft Patients Treated With and Without the Latham-type Appliance.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the Latham-type appliance's effect on the development and eruption of posterior teeth during the mixed dentition stage before palatal expansion and secondary alveolar bone graft(s). Methods The charts of complete cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients treated with and without the Latham-type appliance were screened using the following inclusion criteria: nonsyndromic; CLP; and available panoramic radiographs and clinical photographs in the mixed dentition prior to palatal expansion and secondary alveolar bone grafts. Surgical repair for Latham-type appliance patients followed the Latham-Millard protocol. The differences in outcomes were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests. Results The sample consisted of 65 patients treated with the appliance (Latham group) and 36 subjects who were not (non-Latham group). Similar incidences were found between the non-Latham group and the Latham group for maxillary second premolar agenesis (11 percent versus 10 percent) and enamel defects in the maxillary arch (17 percent versus 14 percent). The incidence of ectopic permanent maxillary first molars was higher in the Latham group than in the non-Latham group (28 percent versus one percent, P=0.01). Conclusions A higher incidence of ectopic permanent maxillary first molars was found in patients treated with the Latham-type appliance.
Rosenzweig's Bible: Reinventing Scripture for Jewish Modernity

Rosenzweig's Bible examines the high stakes, both theological and political, of Franz Rosenzweig's attempt to revivify the Hebrew Bible and use it as the basis for a Jewish textual identity. Mara Benjamin's innovative reading of The Star of Redemption places Rosenzweig's best-known work at the beginning of an intellectual trajectory that culminated in a monumental translation of the Bible, thus overturning fundamental assumptions that have long guided the appraisal of this titan of modern Jewish thought. She argues that Rosenzweig's response to modernity was paradoxical: he challenged his readers to encounter the biblical text as revelation, reinventing scripture – both the Bible itself and the very notion of a scriptural text – in order to invigorate Jewish intellectual and social life, but did so in a distinctly modern key, ultimately reinforcing the foundations of German-Jewish post-Enlightenment liberal thought. Rosenzweig's Bible illuminates the complex interactions that arise when modern readers engage the sacred texts of ancient religious traditions.
From Punishment to Public Health: Interdisciplinary Dialogues and Cross-Sector Policy Innovations

In 2013, we launched a paradigm-shifting collaborative initiative under the umbrella theme From Punishment to Public Health, or P2PH. This group of academic, research, policy, and direct service agencies joined together in 2013 to address the myriad public health and safety challenges flowing from the overuse of incarceration as a means of social control. We worked to develop a mutual focus on the endemic social and structural problems that lead to incarceration and to reimagine the features of institutions and policymaking that position public health interventions to be held accountable to better health, safety, and social outcomes and to reduce the risk of criminal and antisocial behaviors. In utilizing a two-pronged approach of interdisciplinary dialogues and practice innovation accelerators, P2PH’s platform offers examples of how to engage medical students and faculty in local advocacy opportunities that reach outside the four walls of clinical practice.
Development of space-flight compatible room-temperature electronics for the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

We are studying the development of space-flight compatible room-temperature electronics for the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM) of the Lynx mission. The baseline readout technique for the LXM is microwave SQUID multiplexing. The key modules at room temperature are the RF electronics module and the digital electronics and event processor (DEEP). The RF module functions as frequency converters and mainly consists of local oscillators and I/Q mixers. The DEEP performs demultiplexing and event processing, and mainly consists of field-programmable gate arrays, ADCs, and DACs. We designed the RF electronics and DEEP to be flight ready, and estimated the power, size, and mass of those modules. There are two boxes each for the RF electronics and DEEP for segmentation, and the sizes of the boxes are 13 in: × 13 in: × 9 in: for the RF electronics and 15.5 in: × 11.5 in: × 9.5 in: for the DEEP. The estimated masses are 25.1 kg∕box for the RF electronics box and 24.1 kg∕box for the DEEP box. The maximum operating power for the RF electronics is 141 W or 70.5 W∕box, and for the DEEP box is 615 W or 308 W∕box. The overall power for those modules is 756 W. We describe the detail of the designs as well as the approaches to the estimation of resources, sizes, masses, and powers.
Comparing performance of acoustic-to-articulatory inversion for mandarin accented english and american english speakers

This paper compares the performance of acoustic-to-articulatory inversion for both L1 and L2 speakers of English, as a function of the number of Gaussian Mixtures used in the inversion model. The inversion system is based on an HMM-GMM approach and is implemented on the Marquette Electromagnetic Articulography corpus of Mandarin Accented English (EMAMAE) including 20 native English speakers and 19 native Mandarin speakers of English. Results indicate that for Mandarin speakers 12 Gaussian mixtures and for L1 American English speakers 11 Gaussian mixtures give the lowest Root-Mean-Squared error (RMSE) and highest correlation between the estimated and actual articulatory pattern.
Enantioselective total synthesis of macrolide antitumor agent (-)-lasonolide A.

An enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-lasonolide A is described. The upper tetrahydropyran ring was constructed stereoselectively by an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The bicyclic isooxazoline led to the tetrahydropyran ring as well as the quaternary stereocenter present in the molecule. The lower tetrahydropyran ring was assembled by a catalytic asymmetric hetero-Diels−Alder reaction as the key step. Three stereocenters were enantioselectively installed in this single step reaction.
Giving method variance its due.

Convergent and Discriminant Validation (CDV) set forth a ritual for casting out two demons: method variance and the jangle fallacy. The multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix is an ingenious “tie in” of the convergent and divergent principles. There has been much progress in techniques for its analysis, but little attention to the limitations of the mold into which it forces questions. The sharp separation of traits from methods in CDV echoes the attempt to distinguish theory from observation that was the hallmark of positivism. The MTMM matrix was introduced to simplify thinking and probably succeeded too well in that. It assumes two or more methods that can be applied to a common spectrum of traits, thus limiting the methods that can be investigated. Interpretation often takes protocols having superficial similarities as “the same method.” Conversely, realizations whose differences are best regarded as sampling errors are often spoken of as “different methods.”.
The Local Langlands Conjecture for Sp(4)

We show that the local Langlands conjecture for Sp 2n (F) follows from that for GSp 2n (F), where F is a non-Archimedean local field of characteristic 0. In particular, we prove the local Langlands conjecture for Sp 4 (F) based on our previous work [6] on the local Langlands conjecture for GSp 4 (F). We also determine the possible sizes of L-packets for Sp 4 (F).
The neural mechanisms of mindfulness-based pain relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer

The advent of neuroimaging methodologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has significantly advanced our understanding of the neurophysiological processes supporting a wide spectrum of mind-body approaches to treat pain. A promising self-regulatory practice, mindfulness meditation, reliably alleviates experimentally induced and clinical pain. Yet, the neural mechanisms supporting mindfulness-based pain relief remain poorly characterized. The present review delineates evidence from a spectrum of fMRI studies showing that the neural mechanisms supporting mindfulness-induced pain attenuation differ across varying levels of meditative experience. After brief mindfulness-based mental training (ie, less than 10 hours of practice), mindfulness-based pain relief is associated with higher order (orbitofrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex) regulation of low-level nociceptive neural targets (thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex), suggesting an engagement of unique, reappraisal mechanisms. By contrast, mindfulness-based pain relief after extensive training (greater than 1000 hours of practice) is associated with deactivation of prefrontal and greater activation of somatosensory cortical regions, demonstrating an ability to reduce appraisals of arising sensory events. We also describe recent findings showing that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness, in meditation-naive individuals, are associated with lower pain and greater deactivation of the posterior cingulate cortex, a neural mechanism implicated in self-referential processes. A brief fMRI primer is presented describing appropriate steps and considerations to conduct studies combining mindfulness, pain, and fMRI. We postulate that the identification of the active analgesic neural substrates involved in mindfulness can be used to inform the development and optimization of behavioral therapies to specifically target pain, an important consideration for the ongoing opioid and chronic pain epidemic.
A Phase I/II Trial of Fludarabine, Bendamustine, and Rituximab (FBR) Chemoimmunotherapy for Previously Treated Patients with CLL,

Abstract 3901 Chemoimmunotherapy (such as fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab) has been the most significant advance in treatment for patients with CLL, achieving the highest complete remission rates, longest progression-free and overall survival compared to chemotherapy combinations or monotherapy. Bendamustine (B) is a well-tolerated, alkylating agent that induces a DNA damage and repair response. In vitro data in 30 CLL patient (pt) samples suggested an increased DNA damage response (measured as H2AX phosphorylation), activation of p53 protein and PUMA, and cell death when fludarabine was combined with bendamustine (El-Mabhouh, A, unpublished). To translate this observation to the clinic, we are conducting a phase I/II trial of escalating doses of bendamustine at 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg/m2 on D1,2,3 with fludarabine 20 mg/m2 administered prior to bendamustine on D2&3. Rituximab 375–500 mg/m2 was given on D3. Courses were repeated each 28 days to assess the safety and tolerability, clinical efficacy, and pharmacodynamics (PD) in previously treated pts with CLL. Responses were assessed after 3 courses and end of treatment. We report results of the phase I portion of this study. For phase I, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) were assessed in course 1 and were Grade (G) ≥3 treatment-related, non-hematologic adverse event (AE), and hematologic toxicity G≥3 that lasted beyond D42 of course 1. MTD was defined as the cohort with ≤1 DLT in 6 treated pts. All pts (n=19) had active CLL and were previously treated; median number of prior treatments was 2 (1–6). Pts had high-risk features, median >102 In conclusion, the FBR regimen was tolerated up to the highest bendamustine dose evaluated, with significant efficacy in previously treated patients with CLL. We are extending the clinical and PD investigations in a phase II study with B-30 dose. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The neurology clinic needs monkey research

This report discusses how a number of currently incurable diseases might be treated by advances developed as the result of current ongoing research on monkeys. The diseases discussed include Parkinson9s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, peripheral neuropathy, and stroke. Finally, the report discusses the devastating effect the animal rights movement and adverse publicity can have on basic neurobiological research on monkeys.
iCASM: An Information-Centric Network Architecture for Wide Area Measurement Systems

Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) use an underlying communication network to collect and analyze data from devices in the power grid, aimed to improve grid operations. For WAMS to be effective, the communication network needs to support low packet latency and low packet losses. Internet Protocol (IP), the pervasive technology used in today's communication networks uses loop-free best-paths for data forwarding, which increases the load on these paths causing delays and losses in delivery. Information-Centric Networking (ICN), a new networking paradigm, designed to enable a data-centric information sharing, natively supports the concurrent use of multiple transmission interfaces, in-networking caching, as well as per-packet security and can provide better application support. In this paper, we present iCASM, an ICN-based network architecture for wide area smart grid communications. We demonstrate through simulations that iCASM achieves low latency and 100% data delivery even during network congestion by leveraging multiple available paths; thus significantly improving communication resiliency in comparison to an IP-based approach. iCASM can be used immediately on today's Internet as an overlay.
The Many Faces of Calcineurin Inhibitor Toxicity-What the FK?

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are both the savior and Achilles' heel of kidney transplantation. Although CNIs have significantly reduced rates of acute rejection, their numerous toxicities can plague kidney transplant recipients. By 10 years, virtually all allografts will have evidence of CNI nephrotoxicity. CNIs have been strongly associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and new onset of diabetes after transplantation—significantly contributing to cardiovascular risk in the kidney transplant recipient. Multiple electrolyte derangements including hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalciuria, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia may be challenging to manage for the clinician. Finally, CNI-associated tremor, gingival hyperplasia, and defects in hair growth can have a significant impact on the transplant recipient’s quality of life. In this review, the authors briefly discuss the pharmacokinetics of CNI and discuss the numerous clinically relevant toxicities of commonly used CNIs, cyclosporine and tacrolimus.
136 Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gynecologic malignancies in a community-based comprehensive cancer center: A review of morbidity and experience

Objectives The combination of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been shown to improve progression free and overall survival in ovarian cancer. Limited studies exist investigating the safety and feasibility of HIPEC implementation in a community-based setting. Our study aims to explore HIPEC use in this setting. Methods All patients who received HIPEC at the time of cytoreductive surgery within a community-based comprehensive cancer center from 2018 through 2019 were retrospectively identified. Demographics, tumor characteristics, chemotherapy, surgical interventions, and 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality data were collected. Results 18 patients underwent cytoreduction and HIPEC. Most patients had stage III or IV disease (88.9%) and high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (77.8%). Two-thirds of patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while one-third underwent primary cytoreduction. Cisplatin was used for HIPEC in all patients, with a median dose of 75 mg/m2 (range 50–100 mg/m2). Grade 3 and Grade 4 adverse events within 30 days of surgery occurred in 61.1% and 5.6% of patients, respectively. Adverse events included electrolyte disturbances (44.4%), gastrointestinal disorders (22.2%), hematologic alterations (16.7%), and/or infections (16.7%). There were no postoperative mortalities. Median length of hospital stay was 8 days (range 4–31), with no difference for patients with grade 3 or 4 events compared to patients with none. Conclusions The addition of HIPEC to cytoreductive surgery had low perioperative morbidity and no mortality. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events had minimal clinical significance. This preliminary review demonstrates safe utility of HIPEC treatment for gynecologic oncology patients in a community-based comprehensive cancer center.