cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of subjective and physiological workload assessment techniques during a 3-dimensional audio vigilance task

The shift from platform-centric to network-centric warfare will require the use of sophisticated collaborative and communication technologies that can enhance shared situation awareness, thus improving military capabilities. However, the communication-intensive environment related with the use of these technologies may impose a high degree of mental workload as it is typical for operators to monitor and transmit on eight or more simultaneous channels. A net-centric communication management suite called Multi-Modal Communication (MMC) has been developed that offers a 3-dimensional spatial audio feature that can enhance the intelligibility of critical messages, but the workload associated with its use has not been thoroughly investigated. Twenty-two operators were assigned to monitor for the presence of critical phrases during a 40-min vigilance session with 6 different communicators in either a 3d spatial audio condition or a monaural radio condition. Cerebral blood flow velocity, a new index of mental wor...
ZIP Code Correlates of HIV-Testing: A Multi-level Analysis in Los Angeles

In this study we examine how individuals’ residential areas relate to their HIV-testing, regardless of individuals’ characteristics. Data from a 1999 random probability sample of Los Angeles (LA) County adults (n = 5475) was used to conduct a multi-level analysis of HIV-testing among respondents in (1) all 233 ZIP codes and (2) the subset of regions with higher rates of higher-risk sex. Results showed that HIV-testing rates varied across individuals’ residential ZIP codes. Throughout LA and in higher-risk regions, residents of areas containing concentrations of African Americans were more likely to test for HIV than residents of White or Latino areas, regardless of individuals’ own race/ethnicity or the number of AIDS cases or testing sites in ZIP codes. However, residents of Latino areas were no more likely to test than residents of White areas. This is a concern because of increasing rates of HIV-infection among Latinos. We conclude that opportunities exist to increase testing in Latino higher-risk areas.
Two-Dimensional Ablation and Thermal Response Analyses for Mars Science Laboratory Heat Shield

This paper examines transient simulations performed to predict in-depth thermal response and surface recession of the proposed heat shield material for the Mars Science Laboratory entry capsule, that is, phenolic impregnated carbon ablator. The finite volume material response code used in this paper solves the time-dependent governing equations, including energy conservation and a three-component decomposition model, with a surface energy-balance condition and a moving grid system to predict shape change due to surface recession. The predicted in-depth thermal response of heat shield material generally agrees well with the thermocouple data under various arcjet conditions. Also, two-dimensional computations using aerothermal environment for Mars entry (derived from a proposed three-sigma trajectory) are performed around the heat shield shoulder region, where high heating occurs as the result of angle of attack. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of carbon-fiber orientation, material p...
Information and Auction Performance: A Laboratory Study of Conservation Auctions for Spatially Contiguous Land Management

Conservation auctions are used by public agencies to procure environmental friendly land uses from private landowners. We present the structure of an iterative conservation auction that ranks bids according to a scoring rule intended to procure spatially adjacent conservation land use projects. Laboratory experiments are conducted to compare the performance of this auction under two information conditions. Under one condition subjects have knowledge about the spatial goal implemented by the scoring rule and in the other case they don’t. The results indicate that rent-seeking is intensified with more information and increased bidder familiarity with the auction. Revealing the spatial information on the other hand has no impact on auction efficiency.
Purging the Back-Room Dealing: Secure Spectrum Auction Leveraging Paillier Cryptosystem

Microeconomics-inspired spectrum auctions can dramatically improve the spectrum utilization for wireless networks to satisfy the ever increasing service demands. However, the back-room dealing (i.e., the frauds of the insincere auctioneer and the bid-rigging between the greedy bidders and the auctioneer) poses significant security challenges, and fails all existing secure auction designs to allocate spectrum bands when considering the frequency reuse in wireless networks. In this paper, we propose THEMIS, a secure spectrum auction leveraging the Paillier cryptosystem to prevent the frauds of the insincere auctioneer as well as the bid-rigging between the bidders and the auctioneer. THEMIS incorporates cryptographic technique into spectrum auction to address the challenges of back-room dealing. It computes and reveals the results of spectrum auction while the actual bidding values of bidders are kept confidential. THEMIS also provides a novel procedure for implementing secure spectrum auction under interference constraints. It has been shown that THEMIS can effectively purge the back-room dealing with limited communication and computational complexity, and achieve similar performance compared with existing insecure spectrum auction designs in terms of spectrum utilization, revenue of the auctioneer, and bidders' satisfaction.
Joint effects of word association and approximation to English

Four lexical training lists were administered in a 2 by 2 factorial experiment. The lists were constructed to reflect two levels of approximation to English (a nonsyntactical word order and an English paragraph) and two levels of word association. A significant interaction was obtained for each of several retention measures employed. The data support the view that high frequency associates, when incorporated into natural language discourse, load the passage with high frequency phrases (cliches) and make a high approximation to English still higher.
A multi-hypothesis particle filter for indoor dynamic localization

Particle filters are frequently used to track mobile targets in indoor environments. However, standard particle filters encounter problems tracking targets facing decisions involving divergent choices such as intersections of corridors. The target either turns to the right or left, intermediate values are not possible. The available observations might not be (at least initially) sufficient to decide which choice was taken by the target. If the prediction model takes the wrong decision, the model will diverge very quickly from the real target location.
Hardware-in-the-Loop Experiments on the Use of Propulsion Motors to Reduce Pulse-Load System Disturbances

Pulse power loads are assuming increased importance in the development of all-electric naval surface combatants. One possible means for countering the potentially destabilizing effect of pulse loads is by manipulating the power of the propulsion motors to smooth out the variations in system power caused by the pulse loads. Hardware-in-the-loop experiments were conducted with the 2.5 MW motor-dynamometer system at the Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida State University to test this possibility. RMS variations in system power were successfully reduced and several avenues for controller development were suggested by the results.
Controlled treadmill exercise eliminates chondroid deposits and restores tensile properties in a new murine tendinopathy model

Tendinopathy is a widespread and disabling condition characterized by collagen fiber disruption and accumulation of a glycosaminoglycan-rich chondroid matrix. Recent clinical reports have illustrated the potential of mechanical loading (exercise) therapies to successfully treat chronic tendinopathies. We have developed a new murine tendinopathy model which requires a single injection of TGF-β1 into the Achilles tendon midsubstance followed by normal cage activity for 2 weeks. At this time, tendon maximum stress showed a dramatic (66%) reduction relative to that of normal controls and this persisted at four weeks. Loss of material properties was accompanied by abundant chondroid cells within the tendon (closely resembling the changes observed in human samples obtained intra-operatively) and increased expression of Acan, Col1a1, Col2a1, Col3a1, Fn1 and Mmp3. Mice subjected to two weeks of daily treadmill exercise following TGF-β1 injection showed a similar reduction in tendon material properties as the caged group. However, in mice subjected to 4 weeks of treadmill exercise, tendon maximum stress values were similar to those of naive controls. Tendons from the mice exercised for 4 weeks showed essentially no chondroid cells and the expression of Acan, Col1a1, Col2a1, Col3a1, and Mmp3 was significantly reduced relative to the 4-week cage group. This technically simple murine tendinopathy model is highly amenable to detailed mechanistic and translational studies of the biomechanical and cell biological pathways, that could be targeted to enhance healing of tendinopathy.
Appropriate serological testing in pregnancy.

We read with interest the recent report by Garner et al. [l], in which anti-E was detected early in pregnancy solely through the use of enzymetreated red blood cells (RBC). The serological reactivity of this anti-E changed dramatically during pregnancy; the antibody became detectable by the indirect antiglobulin test, and at 37 weeks’ gestation had a titer of 512. Delivery at 40 weeks’ gestation yielded an infant affected with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) requiring exchange transfusion and 4 days of phototherapy. This case was further complicated by antiK1, stimulated by prior transfusions, that was present throughout the pregnancy but did not contribute to the HDN, and an anti-c that was detected solely in tests with enzyme-treated RBCs at 35 weeks’ gestation, but was not demonstrable in the infant at delivery. While we concur with the authors that there is a need to screen both Rh D-positive and Rh D-negative women for RBC alloantibodies early in pregnancy, and while we agree that once an antibody has been detected it should be identified and evaluated for its potential to cause HDN, we Appropriate Serological Testing in Pregnancy
Detection, classification, and superposition resolution of action potentials in multiunit single-channel recordings by an on-line real-time neural network

Determination of single-unit spike trains from multiunit recordings obtained during extracellular recording has been the focus of many studies over the last two decades. In multiunit recordings, superpositions can occur with high frequency if the firing rates of the neurons are high or correlated, making superposition resolution imperative for accurate spike train determination. In this work, a connectionist neural network (NN) was applied to the spike sorting challenge. A novel training scheme was developed which enabled the NN to resolve some superpositions using single-channel recordings. Simulated multiunit spike trains were constructed from templates and noise segments that were extracted from real extracellular recordings. The simulations were used to determine the performances of the NN and a simple matched template filter (MTF), which was used as a basis for comparison. The network performed as well as the MTF in identifying nonoverlapping spikes, and was significantly better in resolving superpositions and rejecting noise. An on-line, real-time implementation of the NN discriminator, using a high-speed digital signal processor mounted inside an IBM-PC, is now in use in six laboratories.
Informational Dynamics of Journal Article Titles.

The informational dynamics of journal article titles was investigated by analyzing the changing informational value of titles over time. The Informational value of titles was measured by counting the total number of words (y τ) in a title, counting the number of substantive words (ys), or keywords, in a title, and computing the proportion of substantive words (yp = ys/yτ) In a title. Random samples of journal article titles were gathered from four selected journals, six library journals, and six miscellaneous journals over the period from 1951 through 1980. The informational values were averaged by year to yield annual means for Yτ, Ys, and Yp. The patterns of change of these annual means were analyzed over time by regression analysis. We questioned whether linear regression analysis would yield equations representing the underlying data with a 95% or greater level of confidence. The results of these analyses were linear equations of the form, y = mt + b, where y Is the dependent variable (informational value), m is the slope of the equation, t is the independent variable (time), and b is the y-intercept of the equation. The sign (+ or -) of the slope (m) indicates the direction of change (increasing or decreasing) of the informational dynamics of journal article titles. A rate of change was computed by differential calculus by differentiating informational value with respect to time. Rate of change Indicates how rapidly change is occurring. The sample journals selected in this research represent the primary literature, the review literature, the physical science literature, the social science literature, the library literature, and a miscellaneous collection of six journals.
Exploring the impact of skin tone on family dynamics and race-related outcomes.

Racism has historically been a primary source of discrimination against African Americans but there has been little research on the role that skin tone plays in explaining experiences with racism. Similarly, colorism within African American families and the ways in which skin tone influences family processes is an understudied area of research. Utilizing data from a longitudinal sample of African American families (N= 767), we assessed whether skin tone impacted experiences with discrimination or was related to differences in quality of parenting and racial socialization within families. Findings indicated no link between skin tone and racial discrimination, which suggests that lightness or darkness of skin does not either protect African Americans from or exacerbate the experiences of discrimination. On the other hand, families displayed preferential treatment toward offspring based on skin tone and these differences varied by gender of child. Specifically, darker skin sons received higher quality parenting and more racial socialization promoting mistrust compared to their counterparts with lighter skin. Lighter skin daughters received higher quality parenting compared to those with darker skin. In addition, gender of child moderated the association between primary caregiver skin tone and racial socialization promoting mistrust. These results suggest that colorism remains a salient issue within African American families. Implications for future research, prevention and intervention are discussed.
Design of an information based manufacturing framework for nano manipulation

This paper outlines the preliminary development of an information based manufacturing framework and a test bed for nano manipulation. This paper delineates the design of an information based manufacturing framework in the context of a virtual reality based simulation test-bed; creation of various modules in this framework is discussed including an analysis module which seeks to study the role of van der Waals forces during nano-manipulation tasks.
Factors Associated with Suicide Ideation among American Indian Adolescents: Does Culture Matter?

Data from self-report surveys of 1,353 high school students representing three culturally distinct American Indian tribes were analyzed for tribal differences in factors associated with suicidal ideation. In the multivariate analysis, no single correlate of suicide ideation was common to all three tribes. The correlates of suicide ideation were consistent with each tribe's social structure, conceptualization of individual and gender roles, support systems, and conceptualization of death. These results underscore the heterogeneity of suicide ideation across three distinct American Indian tribes consistent with their cultural heterogeneity. Suicide prevention and screening programs may be difficult to adapt from one tribe to another.
Patient activation is associated with healthy behaviors and ease in managing diabetes in an indigent population.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the validity of the patient activation construct as measured by the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) survey by correlating PAM scores with diabetes self-management behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge in a predominantly minority and uninsured population.MethodsA convenience sample of patients presenting to an urban public hospital diabetes clinic was surveyed and contacted by phone 6 months later. The survey included questions about activation, health behaviors, and health care utilization.ResultsA total of 287 patients agreed to participate. Most were African American, female, and uninsured. Most respondents (62.2%) scored in the highest category of activation according to the PAM. Activated patients were more likely to perform feet checks, receive eye examinations, and exercise regularly. Activation was consistently associated with less reported difficulty in managing diabetes care but not with A1C knowledge. PAM scores at the initial interview were highly co...
Management of apposing, full‐thickness tracheal perforations in two horses

Summary Two horses, one 15-year-old Arabian gelding and one 10-year-old Quarter Horse gelding, presented with a history of marked subcutaneous emphysema. The first case exhibited no external wound, although there was a depression noted on the ventral neck. The second case had a laceration on the ventral aspect of the neck over the trachea. Endoscopic examination revealed both horses to have concurrent dorsal and ventral perforations of the trachea. The horses were managed by placing a short, cuffed, J-shaped tracheostomy tube in the ventral perforation, while the dorsal perforation healed. The dorsal perforation in the first horse was allowed to heal by second intention, whereas sutures were placed in the dorsal perforation in the second case to reduce the healing time. Both horses were maintained on oral antimicrobial and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications throughout treatment. The dorsal perforation healed after 13 days in the first horse, and 22 days in the second horse. The ventral perforation healed in both horses by second intention following tracheostomy removal, giving a cosmetically acceptable result. In addition to facilitating tracheal healing, the tracheostomy tubes prevented the progression of subcutaneous emphysema, and promoted its resolution.
The case for using traffic forecasting in schedule-based channel access

In this paper, we explore the idea of using traffic forecasting to improve the delay performance of a schedule-based medium access control protocol. Schedule-based channel access has been shown to utilize network and energy resources efficiently but is often hindered by the extra delay that scheduling introduces. We explore the use of traffic forecasting to anticipate transmission schedules instead of establishing them reactively, thereby reducing scheduling delays. We show the potential performance benefits traffic forecasting can bring to schedule-based medium access in the context of an existing MAC protocol called DYNAMMA [14]. Preliminary results using a machine-learning based traffic forecasting technique are also presented.
Beyond Punnett Squares: Student Word Association and Explanations of Phenotypic Variation through an Integrative Quantitative Genetics Unit Investigating Anthocyanin Inheritance and Expression in Brassica rapa Fast Plants

Genetics instruction in introductory biology is often confined to Mendelian genetics and avoids the complexities of variation in quantitative traits. Given the driving question "What determines variation in phenotype (Pv)? (Pv=Genotypic variation Gv + environmental variation Ev)," we developed a 4-wk unit for an inquiry-based laboratory course focused on the inheritance and expression of a quantitative trait in varying environments. We utilized Brassica rapa Fast Plants as a model organism to study variation in the phenotype anthocyanin pigment intensity. As an initial curriculum assessment, we used free word association to examine students' cognitive structures before and after the unit and explanations in students' final research posters with particular focus on variation (Pv = Gv + Ev). Comparison of pre- and postunit word frequency revealed a shift in words and a pattern of co-occurring concepts indicative of change in cognitive structure, with particular focus on "variation" as a proposed threshold concept and primary goal for students' explanations. Given review of 53 posters, we found ∼50% of students capable of intermediate to high-level explanations combining both Gv and Ev influence on expression of anthocyanin intensity (Pv). While far from "plug and play," this conceptually rich, inquiry-based unit holds promise for effective integration of quantitative and Mendelian genetics.
Using session initiation protocol to build context-aware VoIP support for multiplayer networked games

Multiplayer networked games are the trend of the day. Receiving a major boost from various commercial ventures like Microsoft Xbox®[19] and Sony Playstation®[13], the networked gaming industry is set to grow dramatically. These multiplayer games allow geographically dispersed and possibly distant players to participate in a single game. In order to provide interaction amongst players in such environments, text messaging and recently, real-time voice interaction through VoIP is used. However, such interactions are mostly out-of-band (not based on game contexts), user-initiated and limited in operability, failing to exploit the entire potential and functionality of VoIP.In this paper, we present mechanisms and design of a prototype that allows game-context based VoIP communication between players. Thus, in addition to allowing players to talk to each other to coordinate teammates and activities (through a static team-based audio conference) as in some of the current systems, it supports communication among players based on shared contexts like the same physical location or room within the gaming environment. We use the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [14] to realize VoIP and describe mechanisms for building network gaming services using SIP. We also propose a sophisticated gaming scenario, in which VoIP is used to relay information about another player's distance and location with respect to the recipient, e.g. players farther away sound farther away.
VANO: a volume-object image annotation system.

Volume-object annotation system (VANO) is a cross-platform image annotation system that enables one to conveniently visualize and annotate 3D volume objects including nuclei and cells. An application of VANO typically starts with an initial collection of objects produced by a segmentation computation. The objects can then be labeled, categorized, deleted, added, split, merged and redefined. VANO has been used to build high-resolution digital atlases of the nuclei of Caenorhabditis elegans at the L1 stage and the nuclei of Drosophila melanogaster's ventral nerve cord at the late embryonic stage. Availability: Platform independent executables of VANO, a sample dataset, and a detailed description of both its design and usage are available at research.janelia.org/peng/proj/vano. VANO is open-source for co-development. Contact: gro.imhh.ailenaj@hgnep Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Weed management with pyrithiobac preemergence in bromoxynil-resistant cotton

Abstract An experiment was conducted at two locations in Georgia and one location in North Carolina during 1994 and 1995 to evaluate weed management systems utilizing pyrithiobac applied preemergence (PRE) in conventional-tillage bromoxynil-resistant cotton. Weed management systems evaluated included different combinations of pyrithiobac PRE, bromoxynil or bromoxynil plus MSMA applied early postemergence (EPOST), bromoxynil applied postemergence (POST), and cyanazine plus MSMA applied late postemergence-directed (LAYBY). Pyrithiobac PRE improved control of Florida beggarweed, pitted morningglory, prickly sida, sicklepod, and spurred anoda compared with systems that did not include pyrithiobac PRE. Averaged across locations, pyrithiobac PRE increased cotton lint yields 330 kg ha−1. Bromoxynil applied EPOST or POST increased weed control and cotton lint yield. Bromoxynil EPOST, POST, or EPOST plus POST did not control sicklepod. The addition of MSMA to bromoxynil EPOST improved sicklepod control. Two applic...
Fire hazard in oxygen-enriched atmospheres at low barometric pressures.

Pilot studies are presently being carried out to determine the efficacy of raising the oxygen concentration in the room air of commercial and scientific facilities at altitudes of 4000-5500 m. This is a remarkably effective way of relieving hypoxia. For example, oxygen enrichment by only 5% (i.e., raising the oxygen concentration from 21 to 26%) reduces the equivalent altitude by 1500 m. However, concern has been expressed about the possibility of fire hazard. In this article, existing data from various sources have been analyzed to determine the burning rate of materials such as paper and cotton clothing at various altitudes when the PO2 in the air is increased to 110 mmHg to give an equivalent altitude of 3000 m. The analysis shows that in spite of the increase in oxygen concentration, the burning rate is much less than at sea level primarily because the PO2 is so much lower even with oxygen enrichment. Language: en
Animal Remains from the Carter Creek Site: Late Woodland Adaptive Strategies in the Upland Frontier of West Central Illinois

AbstractThe Carter Creek site (11-Md-817) was a village located at the prairie edge in west central Illinois during the early Late Woodland Weaver phase (Esarey et al. 1984). This occupation represents a frontier upland community (Green 1987, 1993). Animal remains recovered from the Carter Creek site are compared to contemporaneous samples from the region in order to test hypotheses proposed by Green (1987, 1993) and Styles (2000). It is found that the “pioneers” at Carter Creek continued to hunt and fish as their ancestors had (cf. Green 1987, 1993), but with some adjustments to optimize local resources (cf. Styles 2000). There is no evidence of venison trading or tribute found at this or any contemporaneous sites.
Ion-exchange thin-layer chromatography. XII. Quantitative elution and microdetermination of nucleoside monophosphates, ATP, and other nucleotide coenzymes.

Abstract A procedure is described by which small amounts of nucleotides can be eluted quantitatively from PEI-cellulose anion-exchange thin-layer chromatograms. The method comprises direct transfer of the compounds from the layer to a paper wick and subsequent elution from the paper. Spectrophotometric measurements show quantitative recoveries of 5′-CMP, 5′-AMP, 5′-UMP, 5′-GMP, DPN, UDPG, and ATP. Statistical analysis of a number of replicate determinations of 6–10 mμmole samples of these compounds indicates relative standard deviations of 0.9–4.8%. The technique can be used with slight modifications if larger amounts (up to a few hundred micrograms of individual compounds) are to be eluted. It is not restricted to anion-exchange layers, but can be used on plain cellulose and silica gel layers as well. A new one-dimensional separation method on PEI-cellulose thin layers is also described by which an alkaline hydrolyzate of RNA can be resolved into the constituent nucleoside monophosphates. This procedure combined with the quantitative elution procedure should provide a new sensitive technique for determining the base composition of RNA.
Mutual Information-Based Cliques of Amino Acids in the Zaire Ebola Virus-Makona Glycoprotein

The Zaire Ebola virus Makona variant (ZEBOV-Makona) is the cause of the 2014-2015 high-mortality epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD). The viral glycoprotein (GP) mediates cell binding and internalization of the virus. Information entropy (H) determined on ZEBOV-Makona GP sequences (downloaded 6/18/2015) isolated from humans with EVD identified three amino positions (82, 230 and 371) with H values significantly greater than those of all the other 673 GP amino acids. These three large H value amino acid positions served as reference positions for detection of three disjoint, complete but non-interconnected MI-based cliques of amino acids. These three cliques contained subsets of five, ten and six amino acids, respectively. Fifteen of the cliqued amino acids were in random coils, four in helices and two in extended sheets. However, the following metadata applied to all 21 of the MI-cliqued GP amino acids: each wild type, cliqued amino acid was of one of the essential amino acids VAL, THR or ILE. Since the essential amino acids are not synthesized by humans, use of these essential amino acids by the MI-based cliques may reflect host factors, e.g., diet and nutritional status. that influence occurrence and survival of the ZEBOV-Makona GP mutations.
Density and biomass of redband trout relative to stream shading and temperature in southwestern Idaho

Density and biomass of redband trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri ) relative to stream temperature were examined in headwater reaches of Big Jacks and Little Jacks Creeks in southwestern Idaho. Stream shading was greater (mean of 80% versus 46%) and solar insolation was lower (mean of 7.9 versus 15.1 mJ · m -2 · day -1 ) in Little Jacks Creek ( P P ≤ 0.07) but increased more rapidly and to higher levels (24° - 26° C) in Big Jacks Creek. Daily maximum water temperatures (23 km downstream of headwater springs) during July 1996 were lower in Little Jacks Creek (ranged from 18° to 22° C) than in Big Jacks Creek (20.2° to 26° C, P P -2 and 25.0 g · m -2 ) compared to Big Jacks Creek (0.3 fish · m -2 and 8.9 g · m -2 , P = 0.01). Trout density was negatively correlated with increases in water temperature ( P = 0.03) and solar insolation ( P = 0.09) in both streams. Trout biomass increased with stream shading and was negatively correlated with solar insolation ( P < 0.1). Warmer water temperatures in Big Jacks Creek were likely due to historical summerlong livestock grazing, which drastically reduced riparian shading.
Wishful Expectations in Natural Gas Markets

The energy industry has been slow to move away from fossil fuels and towards renewable resources. In this paper I find evidence for a cognitive bias that plays a role in this momentum. Energy executives’ expectations of future energy prices are strongly correlated with their own preferences, which I document for the case of natural gas prices. This is an example of wishful expectations, a form of overconfidence in which people are excessively optimistic over uncontrollable future outcomes. This implies energy executives with strong exposure to fossil fuels are excessively optimistic on future prices and so continue to invest despite the presence of superior alternatives. Within the wider corporate investment literature, this paper implies that wishful expectations hold for long term investments related to large, liquid commodity markets. These commodities have forward markets that allow firms to lock in prices, yet wishful expectations are still observed. This has previously been documented with utility purchasers forecasting natural gas prices below the prevailing forward prices (Bolinger et al. 2006).
Effects of ear developmental temperature on fine structure of maize starch

High-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEG) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) was used to separate and quantify maltooligosaccharides. Alkaline eluent, 100 mM to 500 mM sodium hydroxide solution, was used for direct detection of carbohydrates on a set of gold working and calomel reference electrodes. Chromatographic capacity factors, k', of malto-oligosaccharides ' Journal Paper No. ####### of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, Project No. 3258 Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, lA 50011 ^ Dept. of Chemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228 Corresponding author 36 increased as molecular size increased. Sodium hydroxide alone was not adequate for an optimal malto-oligosaccharide separation. Sodium acetate, nitrate and sulfate were tested as pushing agents. The salts were compatible with the system, increased the separation selectivity and enhanced the detector response of PAD. The ability of pushing agents to decrease k' followed the order of sulfate > nitrate > acetate > hydroxide. After being eluted with pushing agents, the column regeneration time of CarboPac PAl was 180, 240 and 360 minutes for acetate, nitrate and sulfate, respectively. A procedure to shorten the regeneration time for malto-oligosaccharide separation was demonstrated in this study. Sodium azide, as a preservative, did not affect the separation and quantification of the analysis. Sodium nitrate was the best pushing agent for the homologous malto-oligosaccharide separation.
The Pacific Basin and Marketing Education: An Academic Challenge

International education has been secondary in American business schools for most of the 100 or so years of their existence. It has been only recently, circa 1975, that “some” emphasis in the international aspects of marketing have been seen in marketing curricula. However, the thrust of these efforts has been on the decaying European market. It is the contention of this paper that the “Pacific Basin” is the most important future market segment in the world. Consequently, business schools and marketing curricula should integrate this segment of international education into marketing coursework.
Strategies for Working with Asian Americans in Mental Health: Community Members’ Policy Perspectives and Recommendations

This qualitative study used snowball sampling of individuals known to provide informal assistance to Asian American community members with their mental health problems in a locality in the South where there has been an exponential increase of the Asian American population. The major themes found include: (1) the existence of cultural, language, knowledge, and transportation barriers and the importance of policy in addressing them; (2) the impact of the model minority myth and the need for inclusive policymaking; and (3) the unique service and policy needs of immigrants. Findings demonstrate the importance and value of including diverse Asian American individuals in mental health policymaking efforts.
Correlation of increased eosinophil count following sipuleucel-T treatment with outcome in patients (pts) with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

4650 Background: Sipuleucel-T is the first autologous cellular immunotherapy approved for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCRPC. In the IMPACT trial, pts treated with sipuleucel-T had transie...
Policing evaluation: Focus group interviews as an embodied speech event:

Despite recommendations for a more reflexive and theoretical turn to interviewing, the analysis of language and speech still occupies center stage. This study attempts to advance our understanding ...
The symmetry energy: Predictions and constraints

After recalling basic phenomenological features of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter, we review predictions for the interaction part of the symmetry energy obtained from different microscopic approaches. The predictions are compared to updated constraints extracted from heavy-ion (HI) reaction observables of a recent GSI experiment. The discussion is extended to the neutron skin thickness in 208Pb and its relation to the density derivative of the symmetry energy. We underline the importance of giving proper consideration to the theoretical uncertainties of microscopic predictions in order to guide phenomenological analyses. In the end, we report briefly on preliminary neutron star calculations based on chiral nuclear forces and outline future plans.
3D printing wireless connected objects

Our goal is to 3D print wireless sensors, input widgets and objects that can communicate with smartphones and other Wi-Fi devices, without the need for batteries or electronics. To this end, we present a novel toolkit for wireless connectivity that can be integrated with 3D digital models and fabricated using commodity desktop 3D printers and commercially available plastic filament materials. Specifically, we introduce the first computational designs that 1) send data to commercial RF receivers including Wi-Fi, enabling 3D printed wireless sensors and input widgets, and 2) embed data within objects using magnetic fields and decode the data using magnetometers on commodity smartphones. To demonstrate the potential of our techniques, we design the first fully 3D printed wireless sensors including a weight scale, flow sensor and anemometer that can transmit sensor data. Furthermore, we 3D print eyeglass frames, armbands as well as artistic models with embedded magnetic data. Finally, we present various 3D printed application prototypes including buttons, smart sliders and physical knobs that wirelessly control music volume and lights as well as smart bottles that can sense liquid flow and send data to nearby RF devices, without batteries or electronics.
Regulation of COX-2 expression by microRNA-542-3p

4419 The inducible prostaglandin synthase cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been shown to mediate inflammatory responses and play a role in carcinogenic events. In normal cells the expression is tightly regulated on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, however COX-2 overexpression has been linked with a variety cancer types. Post-transcriptional regulation of COX-2 is mediated through its mRNA 3’ untranslated region (UTR). The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T8473C present within the COX-2 3’UTR has been found to be associated with increased risk for various cancers including colorectal cancer. However, the biological function of this mutation upon COX-2 expression is not known. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that bind within the 39UTR of target mRNAs and function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression by either promoting degradation or translational silencing of their mRNA target. We have recently identified a putative binding site within the COX-2 3’UTR for miR-542-3p and miRNA specificity was demonstrated through down regulation of a reporter construct bearing the COX-2 3’UTR. To determine the ability of miR-542-3p to down regulate inducible COX-2 expression, this miRNA was expressed in IL-1b-stimulated HeLa cells where it inhibited COX-2 protein expression 10-fold compared to negative control. To determine if miR-542-3p can also alter COX-2 overexpression in colon cancer cells, miR-542-3p was expressed in HCA7 cells. miR-542-3p specifically inhibited COX-2 protein and prostaglandin synthesis with no change in COX-1 expression. Furthermore, this miRNA appears to act on a level of mRNA stability as COX-2 mRNA expression in both cell types was similarly down regulated. Within the COX-2 3’UTR, the target site for miR-542-3p correlates with the location of the T8473C SNP. To determine if this genetic variant in the putative target site for miR-542-3p is responsible for its ineffective miRNA targeting of COX-2, HeLa cells were transfected with reporter constructs containing the COX-2 wild-type 3’UTR or the 3’UTR bearing the T8473C variant in the presence of miR-542-3p. miR-542-3p was successful in down regulating expression with the wild type COX-2 3’UTR compared to the reporter control, whereas the presence of the T8473C SNP rendered the 39UTR resistant to miR-542-3p mediated down regulation. Considering the role of increased COX-2 expression in cancer, ineffective binding of miR-542-3p due to the presence of the T8473C SNP within the COX-2 3’UTR may play a role in the progression of carcinogenic events.
First record of a tarsometatarsus of Tonsala hildegardae (Plotopteridae) and other avian remains from the late Eocene/early Oligocene of Washington State (USA)

Abstract New bird fossils from the late Eocene/early Oligocene Makah Formation and the Oligocene Pysht Formation on the Olympic Peninsula (Washington State, USA) are described. A partial skeleton from the Pysht Formation includes the first reported tarsometatarsus of Tonsala hildegardae Olson, 1980, a wing-propelled diving bird of the taxon Plotopteridae. It shows that Tonsala had a tarsometatarsus that was morphologically intermediate between that of the late Eocene Phocavis and more derived plotopterids. We introduce the new taxon Tonsalinae nov. subfam. for a clade including all named plotopterids except Phocavis, Plotopterum, and the recently described Stemec. We furthermore describe a partial plotopterid pelvis and a sternum from the Makah Formation. The sternum shows a close resemblance to that of extant Phalacrocoracoidea (cormorants and darters) and may be the earliest North American record of this taxon.
Diet Quality and Physical Fighting Among Youth: A Cross-National Study:

The predictors of engaging in physical violence appear to be quite diverse, covering an array of social and psychological risk factors. The present study expands upon this literature by exploring the link between diet quality and physical fighting during early adolescence using cross-national data from the 2005/2006 Health Behaviors of School Children (HBSC) survey. The results reveal that the rate of physical fighting was 40% higher among youths with lower quality diets, whereas the odds of frequent physical fighting were 68% higher, relative to youths with better diets. Ancillary analyses reveal that (a) the link between diet quality and physical fighting was significantly larger among females and (b) significant associations between diet quality and physical fighting were detected in 38 of the 40 countries examined. Strategies designed to improve diet quality among youth may have the added benefit of reducing the likelihood of physical fighting and its negative sequelae.
A QS pattern in leads V1 and V2 is associated with septal scarring independent of scar etiology - A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study.

Abstract Background Isolated septal myocardial infarction (MI) is traditionally characterized by the presence of pathological Q waves in leads V1 and V2 on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between this ECG pattern and septal scar on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 996 consecutive patients who received both ECG and CMR. Results Nineteen patients had a Q wave in leads V1 and V2. Septal scar was present in all 19 patients. Based on CMR imaging criteria, septal scars were ischemic in 8 patients (42%) and non-ischemic in 11 patients (58%). Conclusion The results suggest that the presence of a QS pattern in leads V1 and V2 on the surface ECG is highly predictive of the presence of a septal myocardial scar, but is not diagnostic for septal MI, even after excluding comorbidities known to produce a pseudo-septal MI pattern.
The Resilience Principle

Resilient self-help is essential in coping with life’s upsets. This essay explores the prospect of recognizing Resilience as a Principle of Law. The propositions set forth here were debated at two conferences held in Brasilia, in December of 2013. The first, for legislators, was convened in the Senate of Brazil by the National Congress’ Joint Permanent Committee on Climate Change, and the second, for judges, was convened by the Federal Judicial Council’s Judicial Studies Center (Conselho da Justica Federal Centro de Estudos Judiciarios) and the High Court of Brazil (Superior Tribunal de Justica). This eJournal of the IUCN Academy of Environmental Law has emerged as a leader in exploring new principles of environmental law, such as the Principle of Non-Regression, framed by Prof. Michel Prieur. Just as courts have begun to recognize the Principle of Non-Regression, the welfare of both humans and nature requires recognition of Resilience. Many of the jurisprudential foundations for the legal Principle of Resilience are set forth by Lia Helena Monteiro de Lima Demange in her insightful recent article about the Principle.
Cell Tracking with Deep Learning and the Viterbi Algorithm

We present a cell tracking pipeline that combines deep cell segmentation with a Viterbi algorithm tracker to accurately detect and track cells in microscopy videos. Our pipeline handles large illumination shifts, large appearance variability in the cells, and heavy occlusion from other cells and debris. We first train a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN) to detect the cells, then track the cells across frames using a tracker based on the Viterbi algorithm. We evaluate our algorithm on a dataset featuring Escherichia coli (E. coli) where the experimental goal is to immobilize the E. coli using blue light, thus making the dataset especially challenging due to large illumination shifts. Our results demonstrate that despite these challenges, our pipeline is able to accurately detect and track the cells.
Design and Fabrication of Ink-Jet Printed Logic Gates using SWCNT-FET for Flexible Circuit Applications

This paper reports the fabrication of flexible thin inkjet printed logic gates using single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWCNT-FET). PMOS transistors were made with SWCNT and optimized for better performance in the logic gates. Fabrication of gated on flexible substrate was reported and design concerns were studied as a crucial factor in the optimization of PMOS gate logics. The circuits included Inverters, AND logic, and OR logic. The logic gate performance was compatible to the circuit simulation observed by transistor models. Propagation delay of the gates was low enough to perform up to 10 kHz of clock rate in the circuits. These new logic gates have applications in biomedical interfacing and wearable electronics.
Two Visions of Welfare

In earlier work I defended Intrinsic Attitudinal Hedonism—a view about what makes for individual personal welfare. On this view, a person’s level of welfare is entirely determined by the amounts of intrinsic attitudinal pleasure and pain he or she takes in things. The view seems to run into trouble in cases involving individuals who take their pleasure in disgusting, immoral things; and in cases involving individuals who take their pleasure in things that really don’t actually happen; and in cases involving individuals who enjoy pleasures but who lead meaningless lives; and in cases involving individuals whose lives fail to manifest an attractive narrative structure. After sharpening up the objections, I introduce a distinction between Pure Welfare Narrowly Conceived and Enriched Welfare Broadly Conceived. I go on to claim that if this distinction is recognized, we will be able to say that each of the objections rests on the fallacy of equivocation. If, years ago, I had been more sensitive to the distinction between Pure Welfare and Enriched Welfare I would have been able to respond to the objections in a more coherent and effective way. I present that response here. In an appendix, I compare my current view with a related view defended by Shelly Kagan in ‘Me and My Life’.
DENSE Z-PINCHES FOR FUSION

Z-pinches have a long history within the experience of fusion research. Their simplicity made them a natural starting point for researchers in the early days of fusion research, and even Tokamaks can trace their ancestry to schemes conceived to stabilize Z-pinches. This paper will concentrate on recent work on linear Z-pinches operating at high density. This is an area which has been pursued at a small level-of-effort by a number of groups over the years. While the state of the art is far from a promising working reactor, innovative solutions to classic Z-pinch problems continue to be developed.