cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Thelypteris Hybrid from Walker County, Texas

A putative hybrid of unknown parentage was discovered in Walker County, Texas. Taxonomic features resemble both Thelypteris kunthii and Thelypteris ovata var. lindheimeri indicating hybridity. Spores of the putative hybrid examined by microscopy appeared malformed and were sterile with 0% germination. Guard cell measurements were intermediate to the presumed diploid and tetraploid parental species suggesting that the hybrid is triploid. Qualitative and quantitative phenetic characters examined were an array of parental and intermediate characters, suggesting that it had resulted from a cross between Thelypteris kunthii and Thelypteris ovata var. lindheimeri.
Pathogenic Mechanisms in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to describe two related but distinct clinical entities characterized by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. One is ulcerative colitis, recognized by the involvement of the colonic mucosa by chronic inflammation limited to some segments of the colon or the whole colon. A typical histologic feature is the presence of crypt abscesses, which represent accumulations of neutrophils at the base of the crypt. The other form of IBD is Crohn’s disease, which, unlike ulcerative colitis, can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, although preferentially the small and large bowel. A distinctive feature of Crohn’s disease is that the inflammation is not limited to the mucosa, but involves layers of the bowel wall causing a transmural disease. The differential anatomical distribution of inflammation along the gastrointestinal tract and the superficial vs transmural location of inflammation in the bowel wall are fundamental in determining the clinical manifestations in each form of IBD.
Practice makes pedagogy – John Dewey and skills-based sustainability education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to ground contemporary sustainability education in John Dewey’s democratic pedagogy. Specifically, the authors argue that Dewey’s thought anticipates, and theoretically informs, the sustainability skill set required of contemporary citizens in a complex and changing world. Design/methodology/approach – For illustrative purposes, the authors consider how these skills are at work in current approaches to the adaptive co-management of ecosystems, and they argue that these same skills are at work across professional and cultural contexts, toward the achievement of sustainable societies. In turn, the authors situate Dewey’s relevance to contemporary sustainability education in his writing on interdependence, fallibilism and experimentalism. Findings – Dewey’s writings provide both a historical antecedent and still valid moral and practical justification for sustainability education’s emphasis on integrated and adaptive learning. Practical implications – Grounding sustaina...
Intrauterine Device and Pitutary Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone in the Rat

To obtain direct evidence of the intrauterine devices possible systemic effect on the mechanism of the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follice-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in Holtzman rats were measured in the presence of a nylon IUD under 3 different experimental situations. In the first group (intact) rats with an IUD in place for 1 month were killed and studied. In the second group (unilaterally spayed) rats had their right ovary (opposite the IUD) removed after the IUD had been in place for 1 month; 10 days later the other ovary was removed. In the third group (bilaterally spayed) rats had an IUD implanted 5 weeks after the opposite ovary had been removed. 43 days later the remaining ovary was also removed. Each group had a set of sham-operated controls. Autopsies revealed that the uterine horn with the IUD was significantly heavier than the horn without the IUD in all 3 groups and heavier than the controls in Groups 1 and 3. The adrenal weights in the IUD-fitted rats were also significantly higher than the respective weights in the controls. No significant effect of the IUD was found on ovarian weight or number of corpora lutea in Group 1 nor on ovarian compensatory hypertrophy in Group 2. No significant effect of the IUD was found on pituitary LH and FSH content in any group nor on the rise in these hormone stores induced by bilateral ovariectomy. The heavier organ weights caused by the IUD should be investigated and further research into the mechanism of the IUD is indicated.
Famous American Crimes and Trials: Volume 2: 1860–1912 Edited by Frankie Y. Bailey and Steven Chermak Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004. 271 Pp.

(2005). Famous American Crimes and Trials: Volume 2: 1860–1912 Edited by Frankie Y. Bailey and Steven Chermak Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004. 271 Pp. American Journalism: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 139-140.
Density Dependence and Life-History Strategies of Ungulates

Due to their large sizes and long life spans, ungulates typically exist in populations close to environmental carrying capacity (CC), and this has had a strong influence on evolution of life-history traits. I review models describing the relationship of ungulate populations to CC. The shape of the functional relationship of density dependence (DD) on population size (N) determines the response of N relative to CC and the tendency of N to come to equilibrium at CC. Environmental, and to a lesser extent demographic, stochasticity determine the realized relationship of N to CC in nature. It is difficult to distinguish DD signals from noise in environments with high stochasticity or with populations at or near CC. Life-history strategies of ungulates evolved in the context of DD and CC. Sexual selection has resulted in asymmetry of reproductive success between sexes and consequent evolution of dimorphism in body size with males being larger than females. Because males have larger bodies, greater absolute nutrient and energy costs, and higher rates of mortality than females, their reproductive fitness strategies tend to skew the population sex ratio towards females. Females are less costly to produce and maintain, so increased skew in the sex ratio of the population should, in theory, result in greater N (higher CC) relative to a given resource base. Sexual selection should lead to increasingly skewed sexual dimorphism and sex ratio up to some constraint set by the male's physical ability to sequester females or physiological limits to impregnate females. This suite of life-history traits in ungulates has led to resource partitioning between sexes and sexual segregation outside of the rut in most species. Female-female competition also complicates the relative value of sex of offspring to individual females, which varies with female age, size, and social position.
Wood-Templated CeO2 as Active Material for Thermochemical CO Production

Heterogeneous reactions benefit from active materials with accessible pores and high surface areas. Such materials can be synthesized, for example, by templating methods. Particularly high surface areas are obtained in nanoporous solids. However, the solid walls surrounding nanopores also have typical dimensions in the nanometer range, and these walls are prone to sintering at high temperatures, reducing the active surface area. Here we demonstrate wood templating as an approach that balances accessible porosity with higher thermal stability, using cerium oxide as a representative active material in a high-temperature process: thermochemical CO production. Wood-templated CeO2 (WT CeO2) was synthesized via the Pechini method and annealed at 1200–1500 °C, temperatures suitable for the thermochemical reduction of CeO2. The pore structure consists of interconnected channels with pores tens of micrometers in diameter and micrometer-thick walls. The WT CeO2 maintained its interconnected pore structure with surf...
Test Excavations at Mission San Francisco de la Espada

In early May 1981, the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas a~ San Antonio conducted test excavations at Mission de la Espada. In an area north of the church, planned for future parking, three test units were excavated to determine the soil stratification and whether construction would impact architectural or cultural features. No indications of such features was found. In an area outside the east wall, where apparent wall foundations appear in aerial photographs, testing revealed that all but a few traces of a structure built in the early 1900s have since been removed.
A shoe-in for malpractice.

The questions being asked in this case scenario can be consolidated into one, “Should I continue as this patient's physician?” An attorney's typical answer to such a query is often a cautious “It depends.” In this case, a more definite answer is appropriate: “No.”
Biochemical and physiological analysis of axonemal dyneins.

Abstract Axonemal dyneins are highly complex molecular motors that power the beating of cilia/flagella. In addition to the motor subunits, these enzymes contain components that allow for assembly at the correct axonemal location and also enable the motor to respond to a broad array of signals including phosphorylation, Ca 2 + , redox changes, and mechanical activation. The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has become the premier system in which to analyze these motors, as it allows for classical/molecular genetic approaches to be combined with biochemical fractionation, and physiological measurements to gain an integrated view of dynein function. Furthermore, Chlamydomonas provides the opportunity to study axonemal dyneins in the cytoplasm prior to their transport into the cilium/flagellum, thus allowing the nature of the assembly process to be defined. In this chapter, I describe methods used in my laboratory to prepare and fractionate cytoplasmic extracts and to localize axonemal dynein components within the flagellum at both the light microscope level and by biochemical and genetic approaches. Finally, I also detail how to assess dynein-driven flagella motility by measuring beat frequency and propulsive force of both intact cells and reactivated cell models.
Notes for Serials Cataloging. 3rd ed.

Both editors of this third edition of a now-standard work on serials cataloging are themselves serial catalogers with responsibilities for electronic resources, and both are active in the North Ame...
Do Modern Hearing Aids Meet ANSI Standards

Background: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) provides standards used to govern standardization of all hearing aids. If hearing aids do not meet specifications, there are potential negative implications for hearing aid users, professionals, and the industry. Recent literature has not investigated the proportion of new hearing aids in compliance with the ANSI specifications for quality control standards when they arrive in the clinic before dispensing. Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of new hearing aids compliant with the relevant ANSI standard and to report trends in electroacoustic analysis data. Research Design: New hearing aids were evaluated for quality control via the ANSI S3.22-2009 standard. In addition, quality control of directional processing was also assessed. Study Sample: Seventy-three behind-the-ear hearing aids from four major manufacturers, that were purchased for clinical patients were evaluated before dispensing. Data Collection and Analysis: Audioscan Verifit (version 3.1) hearing instrument fitting system was used to complete electroacoustic analysis and directional processing evaluation of the hearing aids. Frye’s Fonix 8000 test box system (Fonix 8000) was also used to cross-check equivalent input noise (EIN) measurements. These measurements were then analyzed for trends across brands and specifications. Results: All of the hearing aids evaluated were found to be out of specification for at least one measure. EIN and attack and release times were the measures most frequently out of specification. EIN was found to be affected by test box isolation for two of the four brands tested. Systematic discrepancies accounted for ˜93% of the noncompliance issues, while unsystematic quality control issues accounted for the remaining 7%. Conclusions: The high number of systematic discrepancies between the data collected and the specifications published by the manufacturers suggests there are clear issues related to the specific protocols used for quality control testing. These issues present a significant barrier for hearing aid dispensers when attempting to accurately determine if a hearing aid is functioning appropriately. The significant number of unsystematic discrepancies supports the continued importance of quality control measures of new and repaired hearing aids to ensure that the device is functioning properly before it is dispensed and to avoid future negative implications of fitting a faulty device.
Humor development: Communication tool for pediatric nurses

P nurses require comprehensive skills related to growth and development to support communication with pediatric clients of all stages of development. Pediatrics is a specialized area of nursing. Nurses and student nurses are required to recognize, understand, and apply knowledge of growth and developmental stages to have successful communication with children in healthcare settings. Nurses encounter pediatric clients in various settings in healthcare. These range from educational settings to acute and chronic care settings. Communication with children is dependent on the child’s level of growth and development. A skilled healthcare provider who communicates effectively with children does so by recognizing stages of growth and development. Humor development, which mirrors cognitive development, is not readily used in the education of student nurses or pediatric nurses. Educating nurses and student nurses on humor development could enhance the understanding and comprehension of cognitive growth and development.
Nanoscale Imaging of Collagen Gels with Focused Ion Beam Milling and Scanning Electron Microscopy

In vitro polymerized type I collagen hydrogels have been used extensively as a model system for three-dimensional (3D) cell and tissue culture, studies of fibrillogenesis, and investigation of multiscale force transmission within connective tissues. The nanoscale organization of collagen fibrils plays an essential role in the mechanics of these gels and emergent cellular behavior in culture, yet quantifying 3D structure with nanoscale resolution to fully characterize fibril organization remains a significant technical challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that a new imaging modality, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), can be used to generate 3D image datasets for visualizing and quantifying complex nanoscale organization and morphometry in collagen gels. We polymerized gels at a number of concentrations and conditions commonly used for in vitro models, stained and embedded the samples, and performed FIB-SEM imaging. The resulting image data had a voxel size of 25 nm, which is the highest resolution 3D data of a collagen fibril network ever obtained for collagen gels. This resolution was essential for discerning individual fibrils, fibril paths, and their branching and grouping. The resulting volumetric images revealed that polymerization conditions have a significant impact on the complex fibril morphology of the gels. We segmented the fibril network and demonstrated that individual collagen fibrils can be tracked in 3D space, providing quantitative analysis of network descriptors such as fibril diameter distribution, length, branch points, and fibril aggregations. FIB-SEM 3D reconstructions showed considerably less lateral grouping and overlap of fibrils than standard 2D SEM images, likely due to artifacts in SEM introduced by dehydration. This study demonstrates the utility of FIB-SEM for 3D imaging of collagen gels and quantitative analysis of 3D fibril networks. We anticipate that the method will see application in future studies of structure-function relationships in collagen gels as well as native collagenous tissues.
In vivo measurement of rat skeletal muscle oxygen consumption following brief periods of ischemia with reperfusion as assessed by phosphorescence quenching microscopy

IN VIVO MEASUREMENT OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION FOLLOWING BRIEF PERIODS OF ISCHEMIA WITH REPERFUSION AS ASSESSED BY PHOSPHORESCENCE QUENCHING MICROSCOPY By William H. Nugent A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University Brief periods of skeletal muscle ischemia (ischemic pre-conditioning) alter cellular metabolism in a way that confers protection over subsequent ischemic episodes. The mechanisms behind this effect have been studied indirectly through assays for the byproducts of ATP synthesis and in vitro studies of cellular signaling cascades and ROS generation. There have been no direct, in vivo assessments of the changes in respiration during reperfusion. We employed phosphorescence quenching microscopy in conjunction with a flow-arrest technique to assess the influences of external, pressure-induced 1to 10-min focal ischemia on interstitial oxygenation (PISFO2) and the consumption of oxygen (VO2) in spinotrapezius muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. During reperfusion following an ischemic period VO2 was measured by the rate of PISFO2 decline during brief, serial flow-arrest compressions. Our tests of this intermittent compression technique indicate that 5 s of flow-arrest followed by 15 s of flow restoration allow measurement of VO2 without compromising baseline or reperfusion recovery of PISFO2. There was a steady rise in VO2 during early reperfusion which was correlated with increasing ischemic durations. Treatment with cyanide confirmed that at least some of this increase was due to an upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity. Nitric oxide (NO) suppressed VO2 during rest and reperfusion,
Is Intravenous Administration of Iodixanol Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Kidney Injury, Dialysis, or Mortality? A Propensity Score-adjusted Study.

Our large retrospective propensity score–adjusted study demonstrated no increased risk of postcontrast acute kidney injury, dialysis, and mortality between patients who underwent an iodixanol-enhanced CT examination and patients who underwent a noncontrast CT examination.
29-Channel receive-only dense dipole head array for 7T MRI

A 29-channel receive-only dense dipole head array for 7T MRI was built, methods for isolating the coil elements from each other and detuning each coil element during transmit was explored, and its performance was evaluated and compared with a commercial 24ch head array (Nova Medical. Wilmington, MA).
Oxidation of reduced daughter products from 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) by Mn(IV) and Fe(III) oxides.

Abstract Abiotic transformation of anthropogenic compounds by redox-active metal oxides affects contaminant fate in soil. The capacity of birnessite and ferrihydrite to oxidize the insensitive munitions compound, 2,4-dinitroanisol (DNAN), and its amine-containing daughter products, 2-methoxy-5-nitro aniline (MENA) and 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN), was studied in stirred reactors at controlled pH (7.0). Aqueous suspensions were reacted at metal oxide solid to solution mass ratios (SSR) of 0.15, 1.5 and 15 g kg−1 and solutions were analyzed after 0–3 h by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array or mass spectrometry detection. Results indicate that DNAN was resistant to oxidation by birnessite and ferrihydrite. Ferrihydrite did not oxidize MENA, but MENA was susceptible to rapid oxidation by birnessite, with nitrogen largely mineralized to nitrite. This is the first report on mineralization of nonphenolic aromatics and the release of mineralized N from aromatic amines following reaction with birnessite. DAAN was oxidized by both solids, but ca. ten times higher rate was observed with birnessite as compared to ferrihydrite at an SSR of 1.5 g kg−1. At 15 g kg−1 SSR, DAAN was removed from solution within 5 min of reaction with birnessite. CO2(g) evolution experiments indicate mineralization of 15 and 12% of the carbon associated with MENA and DAAN, respectively, under oxic conditions with birnessite at SSR of 15 g kg−1. The results taken as a whole indicate that initial reductive (bio)transformation products of DNAN are readily oxidized by birnessite. The oxidizability of the reduced DNAN products was increased with progressive (bio)reduction as reflected by impacts on the oxidation rate.
Interpreting results from the NARCCAP and NA-CORDEX ensembles in the context of uncertainty in regional climate change projections

Capsule SummaryEnsembles of dynamically downscaled simulations provide valuable information on regional climate change projections, but their interpretation remains challenging due to complexities in the experimental design.
Grief and mourning gone awry: Pathway and course of complicated grief

Complicated grief is a recently recognized condition that occurs in about 7% of bereaved people. People with this condition are caught up in rumination about the circumstances of the death, worry about its consequences, or excessive avoidance of reminders of the loss. Unable to comprehend the finality and consequences of the loss, they resort to excessive avoidance of reminders of the loss as they are tossed helplessly on waves of intense emotion. People with complicated grief need help, and clinicians need to know how to recognize the symptoms and how to provide help. This paper provides a framework to help clinicans understand bereavement, grief, and mourning. Evidence-based diagnostic criteria are provided to help clinicians recognize complicated grief, and differentiate it from depression as well as anxiety disorder. We provide an overview of risk factors and basic assumptions and principles that can guide treatment.
Belegzellen des Magens

Vor nahezu hundert Jahren wurden die Belegzellen des Magens als moglicher Sitz der Salzsaureproduktion erkannt, und diese Interpretation ihrer Funktion wird auch heute noch allgemein anerkannt. Die Produktion einer ungefahr 0,15 N HC1-Losung, eine fur viele Zellen todliche Konzentration, ist sicherlich ein interessantes Phanomen, und es mus nicht besonders betont werden, wieviel Eifer darauf verwandt wurde, um diesen Vorgang genauer aufzuklaren. Wenn uns auch das volle Verstandnis dafur bisher fehlt, ist es doch nicht uberraschend, das die Elektronenmikroskopiker nach Anhaltspunkten in der Feinstruktur der Belegzellen gesucht haben.
The Role of Myelin Po Protein

The compact layers of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin are held together by the Po protein, a protein specific to this structure. At over 50% of the total protein, the Po protein is the most abundant protein of PNS myelin (Everly et al., 1973; Kitamura et al., 1976) It is a small molecule of approximately 30 kD, 6% of which is carbohydrate (Everly et al., 1973; Kitamura et al., 1976) Despite its size, in myelin, it is widely believed to be adhesive via both its extracellular sequences, forming the intraperiod line, and its cytoplasmic sequences, forming the major dense line (Kirschner and Ganser, 1980; Braun, 1984; Lemke and Axel, 1985; Filbin and Tennekoon, 1992) The extracellular sequences of Po contain a single immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain and as all members of the Ig-superfamily of molecules are believed to be involved in recognition/adhesion (Williams and Barclay, 1988), it is not surprising that the extracellular domain engages in homophilic interactions (Filbin et al., 1990; D’Urso et al., 1990; Schneider-Schaulies et al., 1990) On the other hand, the cytoplasmic domain of Po carries an overall basic charge and for this reason is proposed to hold the cytoplasmic leaflets of myelin together by interacting with acidic lipids in the opposing membrane (Braun, 1984; Lemke and Axel, 1985; Filbin and Tennkoon, 1992) The importance of Po in the functioning of the PNS is manifest in vivo both in mice engineered by homologous recombination to carry a null mutation in the Po gene, and also in patients suffering from the peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 1B disease.
THE ROLE OF SYMMETRY AND APPROXIMATION IN EXACT DESIGN OPTIMALITY

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the role of symmetry and approximation in exact design optimality. It also reviews functionals of the expected squared errors and, although the results pertain also to certain settings where biased estimators are called for, the chapter focuses only on unbiased estimators. In the approximate theory, if a compact group G operates appropriately on (*, f, ς, Φ), which includes convexity in ξ of some increasing function of ΦM(ξ), then there is an approximate Φ-optimum in ξ, which is G-invariant for all g in G and measurable. This chapter describes the relation of approximate to exact theory.
Distinct immune signatures in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Richter’s syndrome (RS).

7524Background: Immune checkpoint blockade with PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab was effective in RS but not CLL in a phase 2 study (NCT02332980). Analyzing the immune signatures including PD-L1 expres...
Treatment of industrial glycerol from biodiesel production by adsorption operation: kinetics and thermodynamics analyses

AbstractEquilibrium, thermodynamic, and kinetic analyses of the pigments adsorption of the industrial glycerol onto activated charcoal were performed. As the pigments concentration was not known, t...
OMeta: an ontology-based, data-driven metadata tracking system

The development of high-throughput sequencing and analysis has accelerated multi-omics studies of thousands of microbial species, metagenomes, and infectious disease pathogens. Omics studies are enabling genotype-phenotype association studies which identify genetic determinants of pathogen virulence and drug resistance, as well as phylogenetic studies designed to track the origin and spread of disease outbreaks. These omics studies are complex and often employ multiple assay technologies including genomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. To maximize the impact of omics studies, it is essential that data be accompanied by detailed contextual metadata (e.g., specimen, spatial-temporal, phenotypic characteristics) in clear, organized, and consistent formats. Over the years, many metadata standards developed by various metadata standards initiatives have arisen; the Genomic Standards Consortium’s minimal information standards (MIxS), the GSCID/BRC Project and Sample Application Standard. Some tools exist for tracking metadata, but they do not provide event based capabilities to configure, collect, validate, and distribute metadata. To address this gap in the scientific community, an event based data-driven application, OMeta, was created that allows users to quickly configure, collect, validate, distribute, and integrate metadata. A data-driven web application, OMeta, has been developed for use by researchers consisting of a browser-based interface, a command-line interface (CLI), and server-side components that provide an intuitive platform for configuring, capturing, viewing, and sharing metadata. Project and sample metadata can be set based on existing standards or based on projects goals. Recorded information includes details on the biological samples, procedures, protocols, and experimental technologies, etc. This information can be organized based on events, including sample collection, sample quantification, sequencing assay, and analysis results. OMeta enables configuration in various presentation types: checkbox, file, drop-box, ontology, and fields can be configured to use the National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO), a biomedical ontology server. Furthermore, OMeta maintains a complete audit trail of all changes made by users and allows metadata export in comma separated value (CSV) format for convenient deposition of data into public databases. We present, OMeta, a web-based software application that is built on data-driven principles for configuring and customizing data standards, capturing, curating, and sharing metadata.
Towards Efficient Cellular Traffic Offloading via Dynamic MPTCP Path Configuration with SDN

Cellular networks are suffering from the fast increasing volume of mobile traffic data. Hence, cellular network providers are eager to seek various ways to offload the cellular traffic to WLAN, which can enhance the quality of experience for their customers. Multi-path TCP provides the ability to utilize multiple communication channels simultaneously to transmit data packets so that it can be adopted to serve cellular traffic offloading to pursue higher average throughput than traditional single path communication. However, the greedy nature of MPTCP scheduler can lead to even worse performance compared to single path, which finally makes cellular traffic offloading less efficient sometimes. Therefore, motivated by the lack of practical solutions for operators to properly configure the communication path, we design and implement a system that can dynamically determine and deploy optimal path selections for mobile users leveraging on software-defined networking. Our system has two novel components: i) a support vector machine regression model to predict the potential performance of MPTCP and ii) an SDN controller continuously monitors the network status and dynamically adjusts path configurations for every user on demand. The goal is to maximize the network bandwidth resources for the cellular traffic offloading through WiFi with minimum changes on the network infrastructure. We build a Mininet-WiFi-based testbed to perform evaluation experiments. Results reveal that our system achieves seamless network handover and increases the average throughput by 8% without introducing extra overhead.
Crowdshipping and Same-day Delivery: Employing In-store Customers to Deliver Online Orders

Same‐day delivery of online orders is becoming an indispensable service for large retailers. We explore an environment in which in‐store customers supplement company drivers and deliver online orders on their way home. We consider a highly dynamic and stochastic same‐day delivery environment in which online orders as well as in‐store customers willing to make deliveries arrive throughout the day. Studying settings in which delivery capacity is uncertain is novel and practically relevant. Our proposed approaches are simple, yet produce high‐quality solutions in a short amount of time that can be employed in practice. We develop two rolling horizon dispatching approaches: a myopic one that considers only the state of the system when making decisions, and one that also incorporates probabilistic information about future online order and in‐store customer arrivals. We quantify the potential benefits of a novel form of crowdshipping for same‐day delivery and demonstrate the value of exploiting probabilistic information about the future. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of this form of crowdshipping and show the impact of changes in environment characteristics, for example, online order arrival pattern, company fleet size, and in‐store customer compensation on its performance, that is, service quality and operational cost.
Approximate minimum-cost multicommodity flows in O˜(e -2 KNM ) time

We show that an e-approximate solution of the cost-constrainedK-commodity flow problem on anN-nodeM-arc network,G can be computed by sequentially solving O(K(ɛ −2+logGK) logGM log (Gɛ −1 GK)) single-commodity minimum-cost flow problems on the same network. In particular, an approximate minimum-cost multicommodity flow can be computed in $$\tilde O$$ (Gɛ −2 GKNM) running time, where the notation O(·) means “up to logarithmic factors”. This result improves the time bound mentioned by Grigoriadis and Khachiyan [4] by a factor ofM/N and that developed more recently by Karger and Plotkin [8] by a factor ofɛ −1. We also provide a simple $$\tilde O$$ (NM)-time algorithm for single-commodity budget-constrained minimum-cost flows which is $$\tilde O$$ (ɛ −3) times faster than the algorithm developed in the latter paper.
Augmented Duckett repair for severe hypospadias.

AbstractIn severe cases of hypospadias the meatus, either before or after release of the chordee, may lie in a position that is so proximal that there may not be enough inner foreskin available for an island pedicle tube to bridge the long gap between the meatus and the tip of the glans. In such cases a proximal add-on neourethra can be fashioned from nonhair-bearing interscrotal tissue or ventral penile skin overlying the fibrous chordee-causing tissue. The end result is a Duckett transverse preputial tube that is anastomosed proximally to a Thiersch-Duplay neourethra and distally to the tip of the glans. This procedure allows the surgeon to bridge large gaps with a 1-stage repair and avoids the necessity of a free graft.
Children with Special Healthcare Needs

Children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) represent a population identified on the basis of chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or affective conditions which are associated with their need for increased access to, and frequency of, health and related services. Identifying and addressing the functional and complex nature of their needs involves the intersection of public health, developmental medicine, and education. This chapter describes the characteristics of this population, the screening and epidemiological basis for their identification, the nature and scope of care coordination to meet their complex needs, and consideration of policy and research issues related to serving CSHCN.
Game-Based Learning and Instructional Effectiveness in Organizational Communication Classrooms.

This study uses an instructional game called “Recreating Assembly Line in a Paper Airplane Factory” to illustrate the effectiveness of game-based learning in higher education. The author describes the game design, its procedures, and the post-game survey. Then, the author uses Lederman and Ruben’s [7] Systematic Assessment of Communication Games criteria to summarize the insights from game-based instruction and how such instructional methods support undergraduate learning in organizational communication classrooms. Last, the author shares a few insights for using games in higher education.
Effect of Process Variables on Food Waste Valorization via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

We examined hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of simulated food waste over a wide range of temperatures (200–600 °C), pressures (10.2–35.7 MPa), biomass loadings (2–20 wt %), and times (1–33 min). Th...
Arthroscopic Posterior Glenoid Reconstruction Using a Fresh Distal Tibia Allograft for Recurrent Posterior Instability

Posterior glenohumeral instability is a relatively uncommon cause of shoulder instability. Recurrent posterior instability with static posterior humeral head subluxation is often associated with critical glenoid bone loss. Unlike anterior instability, the amount of bone loss for posterior instability that requires surgical reconstruction remains a topic of debate. Several techniques have been described to treat critical bony defects in patients with recurrent posterior shoulder instability with the use of both autografts and allografts depending on the amount of bone loss present. Open posterior glenoid bone block procedure is associated with increased risk of complications and morbidity to the patient. As such, all-arthroscopic techniques have emerged with the advantage of allowing for the diagnosis and treatment of concomitant glenohumeral pathology and minimizing soft-tissue dissection through the posterior deltoid and rotator cuff muscles. Reported short-term outcomes of arthroscopic posterior bone block stabilization are promising; however, it remains a technically challenging procedure due to intra-articular graft insertion and subsequent fixation congruent to the posterior glenoid articular margin. We describe an all-arthroscopic technique using a fresh distal tibia allograft fixation using 2 partially threaded screws in conjunction with an arthroscopic Latarjet fixation set for a patient with recurrent posterior shoulder instability and associated glenoid bone loss.
Materials for TMI mitigation

Power demands from high beam quality fiber-based lasers have reached levels where nominally weak optical nonlinearities now limit continued scalability. Amongst the parasitic nonlinearities, transverse mode instability (TMI) is especially problematic because it is the dominant scaling limitation. To manage optical nonlinearities, the fiber laser community has singularly focused on large mode area (LMA) designs to spread the optical power out over a larger cross-sectional area and reduce the effective intensity to increase nonlinear thresholds. Such LMA designs are necessarily multimode and, so, TMI, while not necessarily predictable, was not surprising in hindsight. This paper will focus on an alternative and complementary approach; one where nonlinearities are managed materially through understanding and judicious design of the glass compositions from which the fiber is comprised. Indeed, optical nonlinearities are fundamentally light-matter interactions and so attacking them through the ‘matter’ component is the purest approach. A further benefit of a materials approach to mitigating nonlinearities is that multiple nonlinearities, e.g., SBS and TMI, can be simultaneously reduced while permitting a much simpler fiber design, which aids in manufacturability and cost. In other words, discussed here, is a materials approach to larger core, simple step-index fibers bypassing TMI. This paper highlights several material approaches to specifically mitigating TMI including < 1% quantum defect fiber laser compositions, power-scaling in intrinsically low thermo-optic core fibers, and novel fullypassive “thermally self-single moding” LMA fibers that intrinsically become single moded as the fiber lases and reaches its operating power and temperature.
Variability in periphyton community and biomass over 37 years in Lake Tahoe (CA-NV)

Nuisance periphyton blooms are occurring in oligotrophic lakes worldwide, but few lakes have documented changes in biomass through periphyton monitoring. For decades periphyton has caused concern about oligotrophic Lake Tahoe’s nearshore water quality. To determine whether eulittoral periphyton increased in Lake Tahoe, measures of biomass and dominant communities at 0.5 m below lake level have been monitored regularly at nine shoreline sites starting in 1982, with up to 54 additional sites monitored annually at peak biomass. Lake-wide, this metric of periphyton biomass has not increased since monitoring began. Biomass decreased at many sites and increased at one. Periphyton biomass peaked in March and was low in the summer lake-wide. The northern and western shores had higher biomass than the eastern and southern shores. Biomass varied with lake level. High biomass occurred at sites regardless of urban development levels. As increasing periphyton at Lake Tahoe was first cited in scientific literature in the 1960s, it is possible that periphyton increased prior to our monitoring program. A dearth of published long-term monitoring data from oligotrophic lakes with reported periphyton blooms makes it difficult to determine the extent of this issue worldwide. Long-term nearshore monitoring is crucial for tracking and understanding periphyton blooms.
Preparing Public Health Professionals to Address Social Injustices Through Critical Service-Learning

The 2020 summer of protests for racial justice amid continued police violence coupled with the widening health disparities due to COVID-19 have made the need for social change and community-informe...
SpotClean adjusts for spot swapping in spatial transcriptomics data

Recent spatial transcriptomics experiments utilize slides containing thousands of spots with spot-specific barcodes that bind mRNA. Ideally, unique molecular identifiers at a spot measure spot-specific expression, but this is often not the case owing to bleed from nearby spots, an artifact we refer to as spot swapping. We propose SpotClean to adjust for spot swapping and, in doing so, to increase the sensitivity and precision with which downstream analyses are conducted.
Unrestrained Gαi2 Signaling Disrupts Neutrophil Trafficking, Aging, and Clearance.

Neutrophil trafficking, homeostatic and pathogen elicited, depends upon chemoattractant receptors triggering heterotrimeric G-protein Galpha/beta/gamma signaling, whose magnitude and kinetics are governed by RGS protein/Galphai interactions. RGS proteins typically limit Galphai signaling by reducing the duration that Galphai subunits remain GTP bound and able to activate downstream effectors. Yet how in totality RGS proteins shape neutrophil chemoattractant receptor activated responses remains unclear. Here, we show that C57Bl/6 mouse neutrophils containing a genomic knock-in of a mutation that disables all RGS protein-Galphai2 interactions (G184S) cannot properly balance chemoattractant receptor signaling, nor appropriately respond to inflammatory insults. Mutant neutrophils accumulate in mouse bone marrow, spleen, lung, and liver; despite neutropenia and an intrinsic inability to properly mobilize from the bone marrow. In vitro they rapidly adhere to ICAM-1 coated plates, but in vivo they poorly adhere to blood vessel endothelium. Those few neutrophils that cross blood vessels and enter tissues migrate haphazardly. Following Concanavalin-A administration fragmented G184S neutrophils accumulate in liver sinusoids leading to thrombo-inflammation and perivasculitis. Thus, neutrophil Galphai2/RGS protein interactions both limit and facilitate Galphai2 signaling thereby promoting normal neutrophil trafficking, aging, and clearance.
Fatigue in Children With Unilateral and Bilateral Hearing Loss.

Objective To determine whether children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) experience similar levels fatigue as children with bilateral hearing loss (BHL) or normal-hearing (NH). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Two tertiary care otolaryngology practices. Participants Children, 5 to 18 years old, with UHL or BHL and their parents. Main outcome measures PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS) survey. Results Overall response rate was 90/384 (23%). Mean age of child participants was 10.7 years old (standard deviations [SD] 3.1); 38 (42%) were men and 52 (58%) were women. Sixty-nine (77%) children had UHL, 21 (23%) had BHL. Children with BHL (mean 65, SD 21) and UHL (mean 75, SD 17) reported greater levels of fatigue than children with NH (BHL difference -15, 95% confidence interval [CI] -25 to -5; UHL difference -6, 95% CI -13-1.2). Parent-proxy reports for children with BHL (mean 67, SD 20) and UHL (mean 76, SD 20) reported more fatigue than NH (BHL difference -22, 95% CI -33 to -12; UHL difference -14; 95% CI -20 to -8). Sub-section scores for general, sleep, and cognitive fatigue were higher for children with BHL and UHL than NH. Conclusion and relevance Children with UHL and BHL reported significantly more fatigue than children with NH, and children with BHL reported more fatigue than UHL. These findings underscore the need to increase auditory rehabilitation and educational resources for children with UHL and support the use of the PedsQL MFS questionnaire as a measure to follow disability experienced by children with HL as they undergo hearing rehabilitation.
Practice of lingual orthodontics and practitioners' opinion and experience with lingual braces in the United States.

Background A survey was done on practicing Orthodontists in the United States on their experience with lingual orthodontics. The objectives of this survey study were to assess 1) the satisfaction level with cases treated with lingual orthodontics, 2) factors that influence clinicians' decision to utilize or not utilize lingual braces in their current practices, and 3) intention of using lingual braces in their future practices, if not used currently, in the U.S. Material and methods A survey questionnaire was electronically distributed to 2,200 active U.S. members of the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO). Results 85 orthodontists completed the survey. About 25% of respondents practiced lingual orthodontics. Direct mentorship was the most common approach used by orthodontists to learn lingual technique. The most used lingual system among the clinicians that use lingual braces was INBRACE® (34.6%). All respondents were either satisfied or very satisfied with their treatment outcome of cases treated with lingual braces. Improved esthetics and practice differentiation were perceived to be the biggest advantages of practicing lingual orthodontics. Biggest challenges with lingual orthodontics were found to be patient discomfort, cost, longer chair time and technical difficulties. Most common reason for not using lingual braces was technical difficulty, followed by availability of alternative appliances, lack of demand and patient discomfort. Approximately, 70% of those that did not use lingual orthodontics in their current practices responded that they were very likely to incorporate lingual orthodontics in their future practices. Conclusions Overall outcome satisfaction level with cases treated with lingual braces was high among the orthodontists that practiced lingual orthodontics. There seemed to be a strong interest in incorporating lingual orthodontics in future practices by clinicians that did not use lingual braces in their current practices. Some of the factors that influenced clinicians' decision to practice lingual orthodontics were improved esthetics, practice differentiation and increased case acceptance. Technical difficulties, availability of alternative appliances, lack of demand and patient discomfort were some of the factors that were identified to have influenced practitioners' decision to not offer lingual orthodontics in their current practices. Key words:Orthodontic brackets, Lingual braces, Lingual orthodontics.
Unsupervised fitting of emission lines generated from laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abstract This work addresses a bottleneck usually encountered in the processing of large amounts of LIBS data. It shows how the fitting of emission lines in a typical LIBS spectrum can be automated. This is done by exploiting the second derivative of the spectrum to obtain reasonable fitting parameter estimates that, together with a divide and conquer approach, can be used to fit large numbers of lines in a crowded spectrum without user intervention and executed within a reasonable timeframe. As a demonstration, we have successfully fit Voigt profiles to 625 lines in a Martian ChemCam spectrum.
Assessing Unique Core Values with the Competing Values Framework: The CCVI Technique for Guiding Organizational Culture Change

i Acknowledgements ii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii Chapter 1: Overview 1 1.
THE ROLE OF PATENTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HABI TECHNOLOGY

Only the inventor or inventors may receive a patent, so the application for a patent must be made either by the inventor or—in cases in which the invention is owned by someone else such as an employer—in the name of the inventor. At the time the original hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABI) applications were filed, the law required that every inventor named in a patent application made a contribution to every claim of the patent. Because a patent was invalid if the inventorship was incorrect, attorneys were reluctant to name more than one inventor, and even when the invention was developed by a team of researchers. Consequently, most of the early HABI patents list only a single inventor even though most were the result of the efforts of a research team. As the HABI technology became more widely known, the hexaphenylbiimidazole/freeradical-producing hydrogen donor initiator system became a part of a standard list of photoinitiator systems that was included in practically every photopolymer-related patent, not only by DuPont but also by others. Because a patent does not give the patent owner the right to practice the invention, no one but DuPont could use the initiator system in the United States until after January 8, 1991.