cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural tourism: An analysis of engagement, cultural contact, memorable tourism experience and destination loyalty

Abstract This study examines the interplay of visitor engagement, cultural contact, memorable tourism experience (MTE), and destination loyalty in cultural tourism. The research was conducted with 320 individuals who have visited cultural tourist destinations within the past five years. Results, employing structural equations modeling, showed that visitor engagement positively influenced cultural contact and cultural contact positively influenced MTE. In addition, MTE had significant positive effects on loyalty. Furthermore, cultural contact was found to fully mediate the relationship between visitor engagement and MTE. Findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural interactions in creating MTEs in cultural tourism. Avenues used to engage tourists must address the cultural tourists' need for deeper cultural experience in order to successfully create MTEs.
Strength in Diversity: How Board Heterogeneity Influences Investment, R&D, and Product Differentiation

An exhaustive literature has analyzed the function of corporate board directors as monitors, yet analyses of the advising role of corporate directors have been rare. This study fills this gap by constructing director-specific industry expertise measures for all directors of S&P 1,500 firms from 2003-2013. I analyze both the determinants of the demand for directors with diverse industry expertise as well as the impacts of director diversity on investment and firm performance. Exploiting exogenous variation on director deaths, I show that increased diversity of the board’s industry expertises systematically impacts capital expenditures and R&D intensity. This expanded form of board heterogeneity is also shown to allow firms to better position their product by differentiating away from their primary competitors.
Adaptive Quantization of Neural Networks

Despite the state-of-the-art accuracy of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in various classification problems, their deployment onto resource constrained edge computing devices remains challenging, due to their large size and complexity. Several recent studies have reported remarkable results in reducing this complexity through quantization of DNN models. However, these studies usually do not consider the change in loss when performing quantization, nor do they take the disparate importance of DNN connections to the accuracy into account. We address these issues in this paper by proposing a new method, called adaptive quantization, which simplifies a trained DNN model by finding a unique, optimal precision for each connection weight such that the increase in loss is minimized. The optimization problem at the core of this method iteratively uses the loss function gradient to determine an error margin for each weight and assign it a precision accordingly. Since this problem uses linear functions, it is computationally cheap and, as we will show, has a closed-form approximate solution. Experiments on MNIST, CIFAR, and SVHN datasets showed that the proposed method can achieve near or better than state-of-the-art reduction in model size with similar error rate. Furthermore, it can achieve compressions close to floating-point model compression methods without loss of accuracy.
Laser ultrasonic monitoring of aluminium alloy microstructural evolution

The laser ultrasonic monitoring of aluminium alloy microstructural development during thermal processing is demonstrated. This monitoring is based on the ability to measure the differential ultrasonic attenuation in alloy systems. Differential attenuation is related to anelastic physical processes which are active during microstructural evolution. For the aluminium alloys studied, these anelastic effects derive from alloying species solution and mobility. Methods have been outlined for separating processes which affect the physical properties but are not related to microstructural changes from those properties which are linked to microstructural evolution.
Unfolding an Industrial Design Approach to Physical Computing

Industrial designers working to develop tangible interactive systems require new skills to integrate technology into their prototypes. My research investigates how to facilitate physical computing for industrial design students in a manner that is in line with the practices and values of the profession. Different toolkits have been developed through this research to scaffold industrial designers as they make tangible interactive artifacts. Through investigating this toolkits in the wild, I aim to develop an approach to inform educators as they structure industrial design programs to support students in design tangible interactive systems.
Repetition Rate Stabilization and Optical Axial Mode Linewidth Reduction of a Chip-Scale MLL Using Regenerative Multitone Injection Locking

A novel injection locking architecture is demonstrated to simultaneously improve the axial mode linewidth and stabilize the repetition rate of a monolithically integrated mode-locked laser. First, linewidth reduction is demonstrated via multitone injection locking. Then, the passive mode-locked laser is used as a source to make a coupled optoelectronic oscillator, and its RF spectral characteristics are investigated for different optical delays. A novel combination of these two techniques is established by creating a coupled optoelectronic oscillator via multitone injection locking, using an intracavity element as photodetector to generate the feedback signal to a Mach-Zehnder modulator. Using this combination of methods, the axial mode linewidth is reduced by over 6000× to $\sim$ 100 kHz and the RF linewidth is reduced by a factor of 70 at $-$ 30 dBc, resulting in a 3 dB RF linewidth of 400 Hz. The improvement in RF phase noise at 200 kHz offset is $>$ 40 dB. Finally, the system is referenced to a RF synthesizer using a variable voltage phase-shifter and a PID controller. Allan deviation measurements show a resolution limited stability in the repetition rate of $10^{-10}$ at 1 second following a $1/\tau$ trend.
Facilitating a successful transition out of sport: Introduction of a collegiate student-athlete workshop

For many collegiate student-athletes, graduation often coincides with retirement from competitive sport. In some cases, this transition may have detrimental psychosocial consequences. The current a...
Unbundling Federalism: Colorado's Legalization of Marijuana and Federalism's Many Forms

This short essay, prepared for the Ira C. Rothgerber, Jr. Conference on Constitutional Law, argues that various attributes we associate with federalism should not be deemed necessary components of federalism as a definitional or normative matter. Using Colorado’s recent legalization of marijuana as a case study, I show how two such attributes — an autonomous realm of state action and independent state officials with distinctive interests — can be pulled apart. State officials often further their interests and effectively oppose federal policy when they participate in the same statutory scheme as federal actors instead of operating in a separate, autonomous sphere. At the same time, state officials frequently rely on the autonomous lawmaking and executive powers of state governments to advance a decidedly national agenda, acting in cooperation with federal officials rather than independently of them. Unbundling federalism helps us get purchase on these pervasive practices instead of dismissing them as not-federalism.
Nothing in or out of the World is All Good or All Bad, All Gods Included

Only our human desire to have models of perfection causes us to keep trying to make our idols out to be pure. “If wishes were horses….” Certainly the history of, plus the present escalation in, terror and human destruction gives us no factual bases for postulating that our current favorites (whether people or theories) are, “at long last,” free of error, sin, and corruption.
A 21st Century Problem: Cannabis Toxicity in a 13-Month-Old Child.

Abstract Background Cannabis is one of the most abused drugs worldwide, with more than 20 million users in the United States (US). As access to cannabis products increases with expanding US legislation and decriminalization of marijuana, emergency physicians must be adept in recognizing unintentional cannabis toxicity in young children, which can range from altered mental status to encephalopathy and coma. Case Report We report the case of a 13-month-old female presenting with self-limiting altered mental status and lethargy, with a subsequent diagnosis of tetrahydrocannabinol exposure on confirmatory urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Considering caretakers rarely report possible cannabis exposure, history-taking must review caretakers’ medicinal and recreational drug exposures to prevent inadvertently missing the diagnosis. In the young child with altered mental status, prompt urine screening for cannabinoid detection can prevent further invasive and costly diagnostic investigations, such as brain imaging and lumbar puncture.
Spanning spatiotemporal scales with simultaneous mesoscopic Ca2+ imaging and functional MRI

Neuroscience encompasses the investigation of brain function across multiple spatiotemporal scales. Yet, most research is confined to one spatiotemporal milieu limiting the integration of knowledge across scales. Here we describe an imaging and analytic approach that spans spatiotemporal scales by combining simultaneous wide field mesoscopic 1-photon Ca 2+ imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 11.7T. Given the confined space within the magnet, that metal is prohibited, and the unique/conflicting needs of each methodology, these techniques have never before been combined. In addition to describing the new hardware and software, we present evoked and spontaneous activity measurements made in lightly anesthetized animals. We have three findings: (1) for both evoked and spontaneous activity the magnitude of the Ca 2+ and fMRI signals show correspondence, (2) connectivity matrices derived from Ca 2+ and fMRI measurements are stable throughout an imaging session, and (3) there is correspondence between Ca 2+ and fMRI spontaneous activity patterns.
Still, Nothing: Mammy and Black Asexual Possibility:

Although many iterations of the mammy in the last two centuries have received analytical attention, the construction of this figure as asexual or undesiring and undesirable remains to be interrogated. This essay attends to this under-theorised dimension of her image. Resisting a reading of the mammy as fixed in silence, I assert that she might instead ‘say nothing’, and bring into focus a black asexual agency that I call a declarative silence. This strategy of ‘saying nothing’ is then explored in a reading of the withholdings of the character of Mama in Gayl Jones’s neo-slave narrative, Corregidora (1975).
Introducing TkDesk

Don't want to give up your Macintosh or Window desktop for Linux--with TkDesk you don't have to
Total Hip Arthroplasty and the Medicare Inpatient-Only List: An Analysis of Complications in Medicare-Aged Patients Undergoing Outpatient Surgery.

Abstract Background The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has solicited public comments for the 2019 Proposed Rule to remove total hip arthroplasty (THA) from the inpatient-only list. Concerns exist regarding the safety of discharging higher risk Medicare patients as an outpatient and whether hospitals may still be reimbursed for an inpatient procedure. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Medicare-aged patients undergoing outpatient THA have higher complication rates than patients who underwent inpatient THA. We also sought to identify characteristics of Medicare-aged patients that are associated with increased risk of complications or longer stay following short-stay THA. Methods We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for patients over age 65 who underwent primary THA between 2015 and 2016. We compared demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day complication, reoperation, and readmission rates among outpatient, short-stay, and inpatient groups. A multivariate regression analysis identified patients who are at an increased risk for complications and a longer inpatient stay following short-stay THA. Results Of the 34,416 Medicare-aged patients who underwent THA, 310 (1%) were discharged on postoperative day 0, 5698 (16.5%) on postoperative day 1, and 28,408 (82.5%) were inpatients. The outpatient and short-stay patients had lower 30-day complication and readmission rates than the inpatient group. Independent risk factors for developing a complication or requiring an inpatient stay included general anesthesia, body mass index >35 kg/m2, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension, malnutrition, female gender, age >75 years, minority ethnicity, and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 4 (all P Conclusion Outpatient and short-stay THA appears to be safe in a small subset of Medicare-aged patients. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should allow surgeons flexibility in determining admission status based on each patient’s risk profile.
Strong gravity flow observed along the slope of Eastern Antarctica

The winds observed in Adelie Land, Eastern Antarctica, are among the strongest observed anywhere on Earth close to sea level. At Cape Denison, for example, Madigan (1929) measured a mean annual wind speed of 19.1 m s−1. However, little was known until recently about the inland wind conditions, with the exception of short term traverse data collected mostly during summers. Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), reporting over satellites, made year-round data gathering possible over a much larger area, and an array of stations, stretching from Dumont d'Urville to Dome C, some 1080 km inland and at a height of 3280 m, were established in a US-French experiment. Some of the findings are the following:
A Short Secular and Religious History of Ihievbe Town

By exploring the history of the founding of Ihievbe town, one begins to observe a heightened cultural memory of the relevance of hospitality and friendship as tools for building healthy communities. Openness to strangers and celebrations of the cult of friendship are noticeable markers of the town’s sociocultural worldview. Even the strategic embrace of Christianity as means to counter the disruptive demands of Islam during the early part of the twentieth-century points to the town’s pragmatic approach to religion.
Ten Years After: The Development of a University Staff Pay System—Reflections and the Lessons Learned:

This article documents the development and implementation of a new staff pay system for a large, comprehensive, public university. It discusses decisions that were made, alternatives chosen, import...
Brief, group-based parent-child interaction therapy: Examination of treatment attrition, non-adherence, and non-response

Abstract Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been shown to reduce challenging child behavior and improve parenting skills, yet treatment attrition, non-adherence and non-response remain matters of concern. This study analyzes rates and factors associated with attrition, non-adherence, and non-response using data from a randomized controlled trial of foster parent-child dyads who received brief, group-based PCIT. Multivariate logistic regressions demonstrated that, as compared to prior estimates of conventional outpatient PCIT, rates of treatment attrition, non-adherence and non-response from the group-based PCIT intervention were low. Compared to other racial/ethnic groups, rates of attrition were significantly higher among African American foster parents. No study variables were linked to treatment non-adherence. Foster parent ratings of child externalizing symptoms were positively associated with non-response. Implications for promoting retention and treatment effectiveness, successfully integrating PCIT into child welfare services and advancing future research are discussed.
The Site Problem: A Critical Review of the Site Concept in Archaeology in the Digital Age

While the site concept continues to be fundamental to archaeology there are a number of known practical and theoretical problems with sites as units of observation. In the digital age, geospatial t...
Longitudinal Effects of Cognitive and Affective Empathy on Adolescent Substance Use

Background: A deficit in either socio-cognitive or socio-affective components of empathy is associated with the severity of substance use by late adolescence. What remains unknown is how longitudin...
Breast Cancer Classification Using Fuzzy Central Moments

Breast cancer continues to be one of the most deadly diseases among American women, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among American women. Currently there are more than 50 million women over the age of 40 at risk of breast cancer and approximately 144,000 new cases of breast cancer are expected each year in the United States. One out of eight women will develop breast cancer at some point during her lifetime in this country [1,2]. Because of the high incidence of breast cancer, any improvement in the process of diagnosing the disease may have a significant impact on saving lives and cutting costs in the health care system. Since the cause of breast cancer remains unknown and the earlier stage tumors can be more easily and less expensively treated, early detection is the key to breast cancer control. Mammography has proven to be the most reliable method and the major diagnosis means for detecting and classifying breast cancer in the early stage. Studies have shown a decrease in both severe breast cancer and mortality in women who undergo regular mammographic screens [3].
Health of Newborns and Infants Born to Women With Disabilities: The Life Course Perspective.

In this issue of Pediatrics , Tarasoff et al1 present the results of their systematic review and meta-analysis of the risks to newborns and infants of mothers with disabilities. The research they undertook underscores the importance of health care professionals addressing both the life course perspective and barriers to health equity. The authors found that newborns of women with “any” physical, sensory, and intellectual and/or developmental disability were at an elevated risk for preterm birth and low birth weight. Some of the studies revealed an elevated risk for other adverse neonatal and infant outcomes. The authors rightfully frame their findings in the context of socioeconomic and health disparities for individuals with disabilities. The elevated risk experienced by mothers with disabilities should come as no surprise because preterm birth and low birth weight are heavily influenced by socioeconomic factors,2 which frequently co-occur with disabilities. In addition, people with disabilities experience higher rates of unmet health care needs.3,4 Disability is common. In 2018, 12.9% of Americans were limited in their usual activities because of chronic health conditions.5 The prevalence of disability increases with age, such that 6.5% of adults between the ages of 18 and 44 years (the typical childbearing years) have disabilities, compared with 43.9% of Americans ≥75 years old.5 Notably, disability among children is on the rise,6 indicating that we should anticipate greater … Address correspondence to Dennis Z. Kuo, MD, MHS, UBMD Pediatrics, 1001 Main St, 5th Floor, Buffalo, NY 14203. E-mail: dkuo{at}upa.chob.edu
College Completion in a No-Racial/Ethnic Majority Campus:

Despite evidence for the academic and psychological benefits of racial/ethnic minority (REM) students enrolling in minority-serving institutions, REM college students’ graduation rates have been co...
Treatment of Calves with Bovine Respiratory Disease: Duration of Therapy and Posttreatment Intervals

When treating bovine respiratory disease, it is important to consider the decision to initiate treatment, the treatment regimen used, and whether to continue treatment. It is necessary to define the duration of drug exposure and when a success/failure decision will be made. No data are available to define the optimal duration of antimicrobial exposure. A pattern seen in human pneumonia studies is that shorter durations of therapy were equivalent with longer durations. Some studies suggest defining success or failure based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may lead to earlier than optimal intervention. Optimal intervals are best defined by randomized clinical trials.
Religious Philanthropy in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong

This essay argues that differences in religious ecologies, between China and the polities of Taiwan and Hong Kong are necessary but insufficient explanations for their different approaches to the reliance on religious actors for the delivery of social services. I discuss briefly two other explanations for the differences in policy outcomes: the legacies of colonial and semi-colonial rule, and the influence of ruling party ideologies, before I shift to an historical neo-institutional approach, which contrasts the path dependency of past policies of usurpation directed by the CCP at religious institutions between 1949 and 1978, and the policies of cooptation adopted in Taiwan and Hong Kong during the same period. I argue that although the Chinese government has affirmed with increasing clarity in recent years its interest in an approach that encourages the cooptation of religious institutions, the previous approach of usurpation has undermined the resources of religious institutions, left many religious actors distrustful of authorities, and continues to influence many constituencies that could oppose the approach of cooptation. To substantiate this argument, the essay proceeds as follows: it first discusses the different strategies available to states as they accumulate symbolic power, underlining the role of religious institutions in that process; then it contrasts the results achieved by religious philanthropy in Taiwan and Hong Kong in the provision of a wide array of services, on the one hand, with the difficulties faced by their counterparts in the delivery of social services in China, on the other; and finally it reviews some of the explanations for the discrepancies observed.
Thymidine Kinase from Normal, Simian Virus 40-Transformed and Simian Virus 40-Lytically Infected Cells

Simian virus 40 (SV40) infection of human diploid cells failed to cause an enhanced production of thymidine kinase during the first 10 days after infection. Thymidine kinase activities from extracts of SV40-transformed cultures (human or simian) were considerably higher than the activity levels in extracts from the normal cells of origin. In addition, whereas the kinase activities obtained for human diploid cultures decreased as the cell sheet became confluent, the kinase activities for SV40-transformed human cells remained high after confluence was reached. Antisera obtained from hamsters bearing SV40 or adeno-7-SV40 hybrid virus tumors selectively inhibited enzyme from transformed sources (human or simian). Also, the antisera selectively inhibited enzyme extracted from SV40-lytically infected monkey cells. Sera from normal animals or from hamsters bearing polyoma tumors failed to inhibit enzymes from normal, SV40-transformed, or SV40-lytically infected cells. The Michaelis constant of partially purified enzyme from SV40-transformed cells was two to five times as high as that obtained for partially purified enzyme from human diploid cell cultures.
Race/ethnic differentials in heavy weight and cesarean births

Objectives: The general objectives of this research are tofurther our understanding of the distribution and incidence of heavy weight births and to examine differentials in the use of cesarean section as a response to macrosomia in models that are more broadly comparative by race/ethnicity than any that have heretofore been estimated. Methods: The data are drawn from the combined 1989–1991 NCHS Linked Birth/Infant Death Cohort Files,a data set of over 12 million live births and over 100,000 infant deaths that allows for highly reliable estimations for relatively small race/ethnic sub populations. Results: The results confirm that previously identified determinants of macrosomia such as maternal diabetes,maternal weight gain, parity and a previous heavy weight infant are highly predictive of a macrosomic birth, independent of race/ethnic effects. With respect to the management of heavy weight births, race/ethnic differentials exist in the odds of a cesarean delivery, theprocedure most often used to limit the risks of a macrosomic delivery.
Headache and Back Pain

Many disease processes manifest as headache. While headaches are mostly benign and self-limited, imaging is often obtained to exclude acute or life-threatening processes, such as a hemorrhage or mass.
Maternal anemia, iron deficiency, and pregnancy outcomes in India (804.10)

Objective: To examine the burden of anemia and iron deficiency and its association with pregnancy outcomes in women in India. Methods: A total of 366 pregnant women who were participating in a vita...
Prevention of Murine Lupus Nephritis by Targeting Multiple Signaling Axes and Oxidative Stress Using a Synthetic Triterpenoid

Objective Current treatment options for lupus are far from optimal. Previously, we reported that PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MEK1/Erk1,2, p38, STAT3, STAT5, NF-κB, multiple Bcl-2 family members, and various cell cycle molecules were over-expressed in splenic B-cells in an age-dependent and gene-dose-dependent manner in mouse strains with spontaneous lupus. As the synthetic triterpenoid methyl-2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oate (CDDO-Me) has been shown to inhibit AKT, MEK1/2, and NF-κB, and to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis, we tested the therapeutic potential of this agent in murine lupus nephritis.
Beyond Risk Assessment: Principles for Assessing Community Impacts

Risk assessment methods have evolved over time to become better at evaluating risks associated with single chemical exposures, yet are limited in evaluating risks faced by communities with exposures to a range of chemical hazards via multiple routes. Recognizing the need to identify better approaches to assess disparate impacts facing certain populations due to environmental pollution, the authors evaluated activities within the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (in California's Environmental Protection Agency) that had begun addressing these concerns by moving beyond standard risk assessment practices. On the basis of these examples, the authors identify 4 overarching principles to guide community assessments and explore how their application can improve these assessments. More work is needed in several areas, including developing information on exposure differences due to cultural practices, lifestyle patterns, and other factors; developing methods to recognize and take into account increased susceptibility; developing tools for assessing cumulative impacts; and improving communication with communities.
Variations in Age-Specific Homicide Death Rates: A Cohort Explanation for Changes in the Age Distribution of Homicide Deaths

An age-period-cohort characteristic model previously used to explain age-period-specific rates of homicide arrests for those 15 to 49 from 1960 to 1995 is applied to measures of age-period-specific homicide deaths. The extension of this model to the examination of homicide victimization is significant because we are able to test the utility of the model across a longer time span (1930 to 1995) and a wider range of ages (10 to 79) and disaggregated by sex and race (Whites and non-Whites). Although the results indicate that past and recent shifts in age-period-specific rates of homicide deaths are associated with specific characteristics of cohorts, there are some important differences across race and sex groupings in the effects of these characteristics. The effects of the cohort variables examined in our model are independent of age and period, often substantively large, and last throughout the life course. The results are consistent with Durkheimian explanations of lethal violence, hypotheses from victimization theory, and basic tenets of cohort theory.
Some Cayley graphs for simple groups

Let 93 be a finite connected regular graph of degree k>2 having n vertices and diameter d. Fix a vertex x. Each vertex at distance i<d from x is joined to at most k-l vertices at distance i+l from X. Thus, n=1+k+k(k-1)+k(k-1)2+*..+ k(kl)d-’ zz2kd, so that dz (log +n)/(log k), where logarithms are to the base 2. This argument suggests that graphs B in which dr Clog n have a “tree-like structure”. One way to look for such (families of) graphs is to use Cayley graphs. Let S be a subset generating a finite group G, where we assume that 1 $ S. The corresponding Cayley graph B(G, S) is the undirected graph (without loops) whose vertices are the elements of G and whose edges are the pairs {g,sg} with gc G and SE S. The group G acts as a vertex-transitive automorphism group of %(G, S) (with h E G sending the vertex g to the vertex gh). In particular, B(G, S) is a regular graph, whose degree k satisfies ks21S 1 (note that the vertices g and g’ ar? adjacent if and only if g’g-’ ES U S-‘, the latter set having size I 21s 1 -with equality if and only if S contains no element of order 2). The distance d(g,g’) is the same as d(l,g’g-‘), which is the minimal length of the expressions of g’g-’ as words in the alphabet S U S-‘. In particular, the diameter of B(G,S) is the smallest integer d such that every element of G can be expressed as a word of length 5 d in the alphabet S U S-‘. We are interested in the case in which IS I is bounded and d 5 C log 1 G 1. Nonexample: It is easy to see that no such set S (of bounded size) can exist for the case of cyclic groups G of prime order. The remainder of this note is devoted to a discussion of the following joint work with Babai and Lubotzky [l].
Evolution of the interdisciplinary characteristics of information and library science

An empirical investigation of citations to 150 publications in the field of Information and Library Science (ILS) has enabled mapping of the development of the interdisciplinary scope of the ILS field. The publications were drawn randomly in six years between 1975 and 2000, with 25 articles each from the selected years. Network-based graphical presentation of number of extradisciplinary citations show that the field attracts a significant wide spectrum of disciplines in the domains of science, social science, and the humanities, and that the kinds of disciplines interested in the field vary by year. ANOVA result based on the number of extradisciplines was significant and the linear contract between the year group of 1975,1980,1985 and the year group of 1990,1995, 2000 was highly statistically significant. Interdisciplinary diversity was further examined through measures of Citations Outside Category and Brillouin's Index. Kruskal Wallis test showed significant results, however, when the two measures were considered independently, only the contrast of the year of 1990 to the prior three years was significant.
Polarimetric SAR Interferometry Evaluation in Mangroves

TanDEM-X (TDX) enables to generate an interferometric coherence without temporal decorrelation effect that is the most critical factor for a successful Pol-InSAR inversion, as have recently been used for forest parameter retrieval. This paper presents mangrove forest height estimation only using single-pass/single-baseline/dual-polarization TDX data by means of new dual-Pol-InSAR inversion technique. To overcome a lack of one polarization in a conventional Pol- InSAR inversion (i.e. an underdetermined problem), the ground phase in the Pol-InSAR model is directly estimated from TDX interferograms assuming flat underlying topography in mangrove forest. The inversion result is validated against lidar measurement data (NASA's G-LiHT data).
The presence of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors in lactating rat mammary glands

Previous studies have implied that mammary glands might contain luteinizing hormone (LH)/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptors. But no one ever previously investigated them. We now demonstrate, by using several techniques, that lactating rat mammary glands contain LH/hCG receptor mRNA transcripts and receptor protein which can bind 125I-hCG. Primarily mammary epithelial cells, and to a lesser extent the interductal stromal cells, contain the receptor transcripts and the receptor protein. These findings support the concept that mammary glands are also the targets of direct regulation by LH/hCG.
Recovering isotropic statistics in turbulence simulations: The Kolmogorov 4/5th law

One of the main benchmarks in direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional turbulence is the Kolmogorov prediction for third-order structure functions with homogeneous and isotropic statistics in the infinite Reynolds number limit. Previous direct numerical simulations (DNS) techniques to obtain isotropic statistics have relied on time-averaging structure functions in a few directions over many eddy-turnover times, using forcing schemes carefully constructed to generate isotropic data. Motivated by recent theoretical work, which removes isotropy requirements by spherically averaging the structure functions over all directions, we will present results which supplement long-time averaging by angle-averaging over up to 73 directions from a single flow snapshot. The directions are among those natural to a square computational grid, and are weighted to approximate the spherical average. We use this angle-averaging procedure to compare the statistically steady flows generated by two different forcing schemes in a periodic box. Our results show that despite the apparent differences in the two flows, their isotropic components, as measured by the Kolmogorov laws, are essentially identical. This procedure may be used to investigate the isotropic part of the small-scale statistics of any quantity of interest. The averaging process is inexpensive, and for the Kolmogorov 4/5 law, reasonable results can be obtained from a single snapshot of data. This implies consistency with the recently derived local versions of the Kolmogorov laws, which do not require long-time averages.
Growing Internet Use May Help Explain The Rise In Prescription Drug Abuse In The United States

The rising availability through the Internet of commonly abused prescription drugs has raised public health concerns. We examined whether the growth of US prescription drug abuse may be explained by the parallel growth in high-speed Internet use. We find that for every 10 percent increase in high-speed Internet use at the state level, associated treatment facility admissions for prescription drug abuse rose by 1 percent. Admissions for abuse of alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, which are not readily purchased online, had minimal or negative growth during the same period. The results suggest that better surveillance of online prescription drug sales is warranted, and aggressive efforts to curb illegitimate online pharmacies may be necessary.
Here, There, and Everywhere: Kinetochore Function on Holocentric Chromosomes

Cytologists have long observed that individual eukaryotic species segregate their chromosomes in one of two apparently different ways. Monocentric chromosomes attach to microtubules at a particular region (the centromere) and move toward the pole during anaphase with the centromere leading. In
Application of Genetic/Genomic Approaches to Allergic Disorders

Completion of the human genome project and rapid progress in genetics and bioinformatics have enabled the development of large public databases, which include genetic and genomic data linked to clinical health data. With the massive amount of information available, clinicians and researchers have the unique opportunity to complement and integrate their daily practice with the existing resources to clarify the underlying cause of complex phenotypes, such as allergic diseases. The genome itself is now often used as a starting point for many studies, and multiple innovative approaches have emerged applying genetic/genomic strategies to key questions in the field of allergy and immunology. There have been several successes that have uncovered new insights into the biologic underpinnings of allergic disorders. Herein we will provide an in-depth review of genomic approaches to identifying genes and biologic networks involved in allergic diseases. We will discuss genetic and phenotypic variation, statistical approaches for gene discovery, public databases, functional genomics, clinical implications, and the challenges that remain.
Control of lysogenization by phage P22 II. Mutations (clyA) in the c1 gene that cause increased lysogenization

P22 cly mutants lysogenize at very high frequency after infection of wild-type Salmonella. One class of P22 cly mutations, clyA mutations, are shown to map within the P22 c1 gene and to increase the activity of the c1 gene product during establishment of lysogeny. The P22 clyA mutations also appear to affect c2-repressor gene expression in cis and to cause a Cro− phenotype, despite the fact that the clyA mutations map far downstream (with respect to transcription) of the end of the P22 cro gene.
Application of Stem Cell Technology in Dental Regenerative Medicine

Significance: In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the isolation and characterization of dental tissue-derived stem cells and address the potential of these cell types for use in regenerative cell transplantation therapy. Recent Advances: Looking forward, platforms for the delivery of stem cells via scaffolds and the use of growth factors and cytokines for enhancing dental stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are discussed. Critical Issues: We aim to understand the developmental origins of dental tissues in an effort to elucidate the molecular pathways governing the genesis of somatic dental stem cells. The advantages and disadvantages of several dental stem cells are discussed, including the developmental stage and specific locations from which these cells can be purified. In particular, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth may act as a very practical and easily accessibly reservoir for autologous stem cells and hold the most value in stem cell therapy. Dental p...
Maintenance of responding by stimuli paired with response-independent food presentations

A series of studies by Zimmerman and his co-workers has demonstrated that responding by pigeons may be maintained by stimuli (CR) paired with noncontingent food presentations. Because of the specific experimental procedures used, however, it is unclear whether or not the response must first be established with response contingent CR-food pairings. The present study demonstrates that establishement of the response by response contingent CR-food pairings is not a necessary condition and that response rates and schedule variation effects are similar in pigeons with and without histories of contingent CR-food pairings.
Electron transfer reactivity of novel dirhenium and dirhodium tetraazaannulene complexes

Abstract The electron transfer reactivities of dirhenium and dirhodium carbonyl complexes of the macrocyclic ligands 5,7,12,14-tetramethyldibenzo [b,i] [1,4,8,11] tetraaza [14] annulene, (TMTAA), dibenzo [b,i] [1,4,8,11] tetraaza [14] annulene, (TAA), and tetraphenylporphyrin, (TPP) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse polarography. Potentials are reported for the electrochemical generation of π cation and π anion radicals of these complexes in the solvents dichloromethane and dimethylformamide. The potential differences between the π radical reactions of the metallomacrocyclic complexes were compared to the potential differences of the π radical reactions of the free macrocycles.
Nutritional stress and pre-implantation mortality in Merino sheep, (1964–7). General discussion and conclusions

Collation and re-analysis of the results obtained in separate experiments investigating prenatal mortality in Merino ewes over a period of 4 years have made it possible to draw the following general conclusions:Data from the control groups indicated that in 3 out of 4 years basal prenatal loss averaged approximately 25%, which agrees with a number of other estimates in the literature. Higher losses of ova in 1965 than in the other 3 years could not be partitioned accurately between fertilization failure and prenatal mortality.Submaintenance nutrition apparently caused embryo mortality in 1964, and possibly in 1967, when underfeeding from day 7 to 37 was followed by an unusual number of long cycles; however, there was no evidence of increased mortality in 1965 and 1966.Losses of ova shed as twins were significantly greater than amongst those shed as singles in 1964 and 1967. The higher loss of twin ova was clearly associated with the treated groups in 1964.In each of the 4 years the left ovary produced more ova than the right, and when the 4 years' data were combined, survival of ova shed by the left ovary was significantly better than of those shed by the right. The type of twin ovulation, i.e. whether the two ova came from one ovary or two, had no consistent effect on prenatal mortality.In 3 years there was no significant regression of prenatal mortality on body weight at mating. However, in 1965, when body weights were relatively low, there was a significantly negative regression. It is possible that there is a critical body weight below which poorer prenatal survival can be expected.Ewes which suffered embryonic loss followed by a delayed return to service subsequently conceived less readily than those having a cycle of normal length following fertilization failure or early embryonic death. It is postulated that in some cases this may be because ovulation occurs while resorption is still incomplete. For some ewes having long cycles after embryonic death, anoestrus or removal of the fertile rams precluded subsequent conception in that season. This was an added reason for the season's lambing performance of ‘long cycle’ ewes being much worse than that of ewes re-mated after normal length cycles.
Cerebellar corticonuclear fibers of the dorsal culminate lobule (anterior lobe--lobule V) in a prosimian primate, Galago senegalensis.

The organization of corticonuclear fibers from lobule V of the anterior lobe of the lesser bushbaby, Galago senegalensis, was studied utilizing the Fink and Heimer ('67) method. Corticonuclear fibers of lobule V are ipsilateral, topographically arranged in their trajectory into the deep cerebellar nuclei and organized into six identifiable zones. No evidence is seen to support the contention that these fibers may project diffusely into the cerebellar nuclei, either in a rostro-caudal or medio-lateral sequence, or that they may project to any of the contralateral nuclei. Lesions in lateral lobule V cortex produce degeneration in rostroventral magnocellular NL. No debris is seen in parvicellular NL and no degenerated axons enter the NIA, NIP or NM. The terminal field in the NL is roughly pyramid shaped with the base being located at the periphery of the nucleus and the apex directed toward the hilus. Based on the totality of its efferent projections the intermediate cortex (IC) of lobule V is a relatively wide region which is divisible into three separate areas. Lateral portions of the IC project heavily into the lateral NIA and send a sparse number of fibers into the NIP. The middle area of the IC sends fibers almost exclusively to a bifid terminal field located in the NIP. From this area of cortex no degenerated fibers enter either the NL or NM and only extremely sparse amounts of debris are seen in rostrolateral NIA. Following damage to medial regions of IC degeneration is seen primarily in medial portions of the NIA and in the juxtarestiform body, if the lesion involves the lateral portions of the vermal cortex. These three regions of the IC, identified here based on the arrangement of their corticonuclear fibers, represent the cortical correlates of compartments C1, C2 and C3 (of Voogd, '69). Lesions involving the lateral aspect of the vermal cortex produce degeneration in the vestibular complex, primarily its lateral nucleus, and in the NIP. These observations may represent a subdivision of this area, a fact previously reported in the cat (Oscarsson and Sjolund, '77a). The medial portions of the vermal cortex project primarily to rostrodorsal NM. The results of this study provide data concerning the arrangement of zones in the anterior lobe cortex of a primate. Due to the fact that differential projections into magnocellular versus parvicellular NL were not seen, the lateral cortex is designated only as zone D. The IC contains, from lateral to medial, zones C3, C2 and C1. The lateral edge of the vermal cortex is designated zone B, although it is recognized that subdivisions of this area may exist (Oscarsson and Sjolund, '77a) while zone A is the more medial area of vermal cortex. These zone designations represent those portions of cortex which overlie previously identified compartments (Voogd, '69) in the subcortical white matter.
Coup-Proofing, Military Defection, and the Arab Spring

Despite implementing coup-proofing measures designed to maintain military loyalty, Arab regimes proved vulnerable to military defection during the Arab Spring. Some Arab militaries defected amid widespread protests, and some remained loyal, while others split between these two options. This article explores civil–military relations in Egypt, Syria, and Yemen and develops a theory of military defection based on three coup-proofing strategies: building parallel security institutions, distributing material incentives, and exploiting communal ties. Building parallel security institutions and material incentives create competition within the security apparatus that motivates military defection. However, exploiting communal ties mitigates these effects and more successfully maintains military loyalty.
Inhibition of Sindbis virus replication by zinc lons

Abstract Addition of zinc chloride to chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with Sindbis virus inhibited viral particle release from the cells and the production of infectious virus. Correlated with this inhibition was a block in the formation of viral glycoproteins and the accumulation of larger molecular weight polypeptide precursors for these proteins. Viral capsid protein production and nucleocapsid formation was not inhibited by levels of zinc ions that affected the proteolytic cleavages involved in glycoprotein maturation. The finding that zinc inhibition was difficult to reverse suggests a model for the mechanism of its inhibition.
A corpus of consonant–vowel–consonant real words and nonwords: Comparison of phonotactic probability, neighborhood density, and consonant age of acquisition

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The original publication is available at http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758%2Fs13428-012-0309-7
Visual hallucinations as release phenomena

Whereas episodic, stereotype hallucinations represent irritative phenomena, analogous to ictal attacks, the continuous, variable hallucinations are interpreted as release phenomena resulting from loss or suppression of the normal visual input. The latter have only limited topical significance.