cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Art of Being a Scientist: The scientific career

The career in science for which graduate school prepares you could take many different possible shapes. Depending on your field, opportunities exist for stimulating and rewarding work in either industry or academia. In this chapter we outline different types of scientific careers, the sorts of choices to be made, and considerations worth keeping in mind when making these choices. Be mindful, however, that none of the choices carves the direction of your career in stone; that direction can and quite likely will change over the course of time. Even though changes are possible later in your career, greater effort is often required to make the transition later rather than earlier on. Planning ahead can help create favorable conditions, but don't expect that you can plan for every eventuality. Expect the unexpected in life if for no other reason than that you could well discover that your outlook, ambitions, and circumstances change with time. Because the range of career possibilities available is so wide, varied, and fundamentally personal, the general topic of career choice is complex. Moreover, types of career choices change with time as society changes. Recent and up-to-date information on the scientific career can be found in the journal Science Careers , issued by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) has a website that covers important career issues in higher education, and Appendix A lists further reading on the topic of the scientific career.
Computed Tomography of the Pediatric Chest

Advances in multidetector computed tomography (CT) technology have revolutionized thoracic imaging in children. Faster scanning times, increased anatomic coverage, and high quality reconstructions have enabled CT to become a valuable tool in the evaluation of thoracic diseases. CT images are helpful in detecting, characterizing and determining the extent of abnormalities in the lungs, mediastinum, vasculature, chest wall and peridiaphragmatic regions. The information provided by these techniques can directly affect the treatment or aid in determining the prognosis of a patient.
MUTYH-Associated Polyposis

MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is an autosomal recessive predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC) and intestinal polyposis, representing less than 1 % of CRC cases. This condition is characterized by the development of between 10 and 100 colorectal polyps and presents diagnostic challenges due to its phenotypic overlap with other hereditary CRC syndromes, including Lynch syndrome and attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis. This chapter provides a detailed description of MAP, including its clinical characteristics and molecular genetics, as well as implications for affected patients and families including inheritance, genetic testing, surveillance, and preventive recommendations. A proposed algorithm for MUTYH genetic testing is also provided for this important, but rare, hereditary predisposition to CRC.
State Bans on Debtors' Prisons and Criminal Justice Debt

Since the 1990s, and increasingly in the wake of the Great Recession, many municipalities, forced to operate under tight budgetary constraints, have turned to the criminal justice system as an untapped revenue stream. Raising the specter of the “debtors’ prisons” once prevalent in the United States, imprisonment for failure to pay debts owed to the state has provoked growing concern in recent years. Existing approaches have failed to recognize an alternate potential font of authority: state bans on debtors’ prisons, enacted over several decades in the first half of the nineteenth century, as a backlash against imprisonment for commercial debt swept the nation. This Note takes a first pass at this missing constitutional argument.
Detection of solder bump marginal contact resistance degradation using 4-point resistance measurement method

Wafer Level Chip Scale Packaging (WLCSP) involves more bumping process steps after receiving the passivated product wafer from the foundry manufacturing line. As wafer sort is usually tested after the bumping process, on the solder bump, any process drift during bumping, especially the contact resistance degradation at the Aluminum (Al) pad to Redistribution Layer (RDL) interface or RDL to solder bump interface, can also lead to severe yield loss. In such situations, foundries still play a critical role in working with the bump house to determine the cause of failure. This paper describes three case studies on how the four-point resistance measurement method was employed effectively on the failure pad to accurately detect a marginal increase in bump stack resistance resulting in yield loss and to further localize the root cause of high interface contact resistance.
Wood, stem, and root anatomy of Basellaceae with relation to habit, systematics, and cambial variants

Summary Wood data from wider stem, root, and root-stem transition of a mature plant of Anredera baselloides are analyzed for quantitative and qualitative features. Distinctive characters of A. baselloides include presence of successive cambia in wider stem, root, and root-stem transition; other types of cambial variants are newly reported for the family. Systematic distribution of successive cambia in Caryophyllales does not parallel cladistic schemes for the order, and possible reasons are advanced. Wood features other than successive cambia are compatible with relationship to the other families of Portulacinae (Cactaceae, Didiereaceae, Hectorellacaeae, Portulacaeae) except for features related to habit, particularly the scandent habit. These features (mostly newly reported for Basellaceae) include restriction of vessels to central portions of fascicular areas (vessels thereby likely protected from torsion); some vessels wide but many narrow; all ray cells and ray-adjacent axial parenchyma with thin walls; (interxylary) phloem strands in ray-adjacent axial parenchyma (with cambia that augment the phloem strands); and intraxylary phloem. Tubers contain pith pliloem strands adjacent to which cambia produce secondary xylem and phloem. Druses and mucilage cells in cortex and rays and storying in axial xylem cells are newly reported for Basellaceae.
Erratum to: Improving outcomes in total knee arthroplasty-do navigation or customized implants have a role?

After publication of the original article [1], it was noted that one of the author’s names was presented incorrectly. The correct name of the author (Dimitri Delagrammaticas) has been updated in the original article, and published in this Erratum for quick reference. We apologise for any confusion this may have caused.
Which variety of virtue ethics

As interest in virtue ethics has developed and spread, a variety of accounts of virtue, and of virtue ethics, has emerged. We are now familiar not only with neo-Aristotelian accounts (still the most popular) but also target-centered, exemplarist, agent-based and sentimentalist accounts, as well as accounts based on Kant, utilitarianism and other theories. This blossoming in a former desert is to be heartily welcomed, but it also produces a new issue for virtue ethics. How are we to evaluate, or even compare, these different versions? If we ignore tensions and conflicts between different versions, virtue may appear to be too pliable a concept, easily integrated into widely different theories and so raising doubts about its robustness as a central ethical concept. Yet attempts to judge virtue, and virtue ethics, by fitness, or not, to prior constraints on ethical concepts or theories risk begging important questions. With this in mind, I begin on a comparative project by (briefly) setting out two versions of virtue ethics and asking how well they compare in responding to some tasks and expectations of ethical theory. This is not a (hopeless) attempt to contrast theory with something completely non-theoretical, but simply a first move in the complex issue of asking what ethical theories do for us, and which do it best. The two accounts are those of Aristotle and Nietzsche.
Achieving throughput fairness in smart grid using SDN-based flow aggregation and scheduling

Latest research in smart grid communications has advocated the aggregation of multiple traffic flows in order to achieve an improved throughput. While aggregation improves the overall throughput, the individual flows still suffer from unfair throughput performance. As a result, the enablers for time sensitive smart grid services such as load-shedding that require a timely report of data are the most affected. In this paper, we propose a novel SDN-based framework to provide fairness among smart-meters, through flow aggregation and scheduling. By exploring the SDN's flow-level manageability features, for the first time in this paper, we present an implementation-based architecture to perform effective aggregation-and-scheduling of traffic flows. The proposed framework ensures fairness (among the smart-meters), as well as improve the throughput performance. Our extensive experiment results validate the efficacy of our proposed framework.
Talking across the divide: Reflections and recommendations for context-driven, cultural sport psychology

ABSTRACTIn the last 15 years, cultural sport psychology (CSP) has emerged as an important area within the field of sport psychology. However, despite its usefulness in explaining how contextual factors influence the practice of sport psychology, CSP has not received widespread acceptance among practitioners. The purpose of this article is to delineate the applied strengths of context-driven practice and outline the lack of sustained, meaningful integration of CSP in sport psychology interventions. The final section of this article offers a call to action for all sport psychology professionals to integrate multiple conceptual frameworks.
Lived Experiences of Men With Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative disorders affect 29% of the clinical population, with women diagnosed 9 times more often than men. For this study, the authors used a phenomenological approach to uncover experiences of 5 men with dissociative identity disorder. Findings revealed 5 themes: history, alters, male gender expectations and identity, challenges, and strengths and support. Implications for practitioners are discussed.
Conclusions: An Agenda for Farmworker Social Justice in the Eastern United States

Improving the health, safety, and justice of farmworkers in the eastern United States will require advocacy to effect changes in labor, health, occupational, and environmental policy. This chapter summarizes three common themes on the health and justice of farmworkers that emerge from the chapters in this volume: (1) information to document farmworker health and safety is incomplete; (2) the limited information that is available provokes grave concerns about farmworker health and justice; and (3) deficits in farmworker health and farm labor justice result from current agricultural policy. Positive trends in farmworker health, safety, and justice in the eastern US are also documented in the chapters, including the efforts of advocacy organizations, victories by farmworker labor organizations, and the expansion of community-based participatory research. Finally, an agenda for farmworker social justice is outlined. Achieving farmworker social justice will require changing expectations of the US consumer to include fair treatment for those who labor to grow their food, research that documents the conditions of farm work, and changes in policy.
Fibrinogen ""New York"--an abnormal fibrinogen associated with thromboembolism: functional evaluation.

A 54-yr-old woman presented with a 23-yr history of repeated life- threatening thromboembolism. The presence of a qualitatively abnormal fibrinogen was suggested by the demonstration of delayed and incomplete coagulation of plasma or partially purified fibrinogen by thrombin or Reptilase. Two brothers showed a similar in vitro defect but were clinically not affected. The plasma fibrinogen concentration was 0.50- 1.64 mg/ml when estimated by heat turbidity, clottability, or immunologic techniques. The serum contained 80–820 mug/ml of unclottable fibrinogen-related materials even after 24 hr exposure to thrombin. The fibrinogen-related material in the serum showed faster anodal mobility an immunoelectrophoresis than that of normal plasma. Immunodiffusion studies with rabbit antihuman fibrinogen antiserum showed lines of identity between control plasma and the patient9s plasma and serum. Studies of the kinetics of thrombin action on fibrinogen demonstrated impaired release of fibrinopeptide A and B and defective polymerization of preformed fibrin monomers. The maximum amount of fibrinopeptide A released by exhaustive treatment with thrombin was similar (per milligram protein) for both the patient9s and control fibrinogen. This abnormal fibrinogen varient is tentatively designated fibrinogen “New York”; its possible identity with one of the previously described abnormal fibrinogens has not been excluded.
Srcasm Regulates Tyrosine Kinases in Skin Cancer: Implications for Precision Medicine

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer in humans, with an incidence of approximately 700,000 cases per year in the United States (Rogers et al., 2010). It is known that cSCC is strongly associated with sun exposure, specifically UVB and UVA, as well as other risk factors, such as human papillomavirus infection, immunodeficiency, and specific medications (Ratushny et al., 2012). However, the precise sequence of biological events leading to tumor development remains unknown. With projected higher incidence of patients with cSCCs in the future, there is a strong need to elucidate the molecular pathways that regulate formation of cSCCs.
Social Network and Emotional Intelligence in Pregnancy and Postpartum

Although evidence supports the role of social support in perinatal women's well-being, the dynamics of these relationships remain unclear. We examined changes in social support and social network from prenatal to postpartum periods from 168 perinatal women. Individual differences in emotional intelligence (EI) were examined as moderating these changes. Results suggest that functional social support increases in postpartum while social network decreases. EI significantly moderated change in functional social support from fathers such that functional social support from a woman's father was significantly higher in women with higher EI. Changes in social network were not significantly affected by EI.
Chapter 2 – Emerging Values

This chapter explains the value of adopting business concepts to improve library operations and increase impact on user productivity. It emphasizes stakeholders' expectations of libraries in the last 20 years and especially after the economic downturn in 2008. Several business concepts, such as Total Quality Management, Do More with Less, Just-in-Time, Total Cost of Ownership, and Return on Investment, are interpreted for their applicability to library collection services and how they link to the Supply Chain. The chapter recommends that libraries embrace business ideas that help improve their operations and utilization of resources to help their patrons achieve aspirations and emphasize the possible quality and functional improvement that Supply Chain may offer to the collection services. The goal of the chapter is to create a welcoming context for the introduction of the Supply Chain concepts in Part two — Library Supply Chain Model of the book and to describe their implementation and innovation pertinent to libraries in Part three — Future Proof Library Supply Chain of the book.
Impaired oxygen uptake kinetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Objective The time needed to increase oxygen utilisation to meet metabolic demand (VO2 kinetics) is impaired in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and is an independent risk factor for HF mortality. It is not known if VO2 kinetics are slowed in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We tested the hypothesis that VO2 kinetics are slowed during submaximal exercise in HFpEF and that slower VO2 kinetics are related to impaired peripheral oxygen extraction. Methods Eighteen HFpEF patients (68±7 years, 10 women) and 18 healthy controls (69±6 years, 10 women) completed submaximal and peak exercise testing. Cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing, Qc), ventilatory oxygen uptake (VO2, Douglas bags) and arterial-venous O2 difference (a-vO2 difference) derived from Qc and VO2 were assessed during exercise. Breath-by-breath O2 uptake was measured continuously throughout submaximal exercise, and VO2 kinetics was quantified as mean response time (MRT). Results HFpEF patients had markedly slowed VO2 kinetics during submaximal exercise (MRT: control: 40.1±14.2, HFpEF: 65.4±27.7 s; p Conclusion HFpEF patients have slowed VO2 kinetics that are related to impaired peripheral oxygen utilisation. MRT can identify HFpEF patients with peripheral limitations to submaximal exercise capacity and may be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Snapshots of a Migrating H‐Atom: Characterization of a Reactive Iron(III) Indenide Hydride and its Nearly Isoenergetic Ring‐Protonated Iron(I) Isomer

We report the characterization of an S = ½ iron π‐complex, [Fe(η^6‐IndH)(depe)]^+ (Ind = Indenide (C_9H_(7^‐_), depe = 1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), which results via C‐H elimination from a transient Fe^(III) hydride, [Fe(η^3:η^2‐Ind)(depe)H]^+. Owing to weak M‐H/C‐H bonds, these species undergo proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) to release H_2 through bimolecular recombination. Mechanistic information, gained from stoichiometric as well as computational studies, reveal the open‐shell π‐arene complex to have a BDFE_(C‐H) value of ≈ 50 kcal mol^(‐1), roughly equal to the BDFE_(Fe‐H) of its Fe^(III)‐H precursor (ΔG^o ≈ 0 between them). Markedly, this reactivity differs from related Fe(η^5‐Cp/Cp^*) compounds, for which terminal Fe^(III)‐H cations are isolable and have been structurally characterized, highlighting the effect of a benzannulated (indene) ring. Overall, this study provides a structural, thermochemical, and mechanistic foundation for the characterization of indenide/indene PCET precursors and out‐lines a valuable approach for the differentiation of a ring‐ versus a metal‐ bound H‐atom by way of continuous‐wave (CW) and pulse EPR (HYSCORE) spectroscopic measurements.
Flow Variable Coefficients: An Alternative to Lagrange's Equations and More

This paper introduces a new method for deriving equations of motion for mechanical systems subject to constraints. The method is easier and more intuitive to apply than Lagrangian mechanics in many situations. The alternative employs the principle that the net power (total derivative of energy with respect to time) is the sum of terms of generalized flow variables (velocities) multiplied by coefficients that are expressions of generalized effort (force). For conservative systems, the net power is zero. The key idea is that the flow variables can have arbitrary values, and thus their coefficients must be zero. Setting the expressions for coefficients equal to zero results in the equations of motion. The derivation for mechanical systems uses conservation of energy, making it is relatively more intuitive than the derivation of the Lagrangian. Extension to non-conservative mechanical systems with inputs and/or dissipation is straightforward by considering power gain and loss. Variations of the method are useful for other dynamic systems for which the principle of power equals effort acting over flow applies, such as electrical systems. The paper provides a motivating example, the derivation of the method for conservative and non-conservative mechanical systems, examples of its application to mechanical systems, and a variation of the method for an electrical system.
An advanced model for controlled oral drug delivery

A drug release mechanism is combined with the Compartmental Absorption and Transit (CAT) model to develop a complete pharmaco-kinetic model for predicting orally administered drug release profile. Within an optimization framework, the developed model has been used for evaluating optimal values for key parameters including the size of the tablet and pharmacokinetic parameters like peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) and bioavailability needed to obtain plasma concentration profiles within the therapeutically required range.
Ray Tracing Simulations in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communications

Autonomous vehicles are equipped with multiple high-resolution sensors and cameras for an accurate local view of their surroundings. Equally important, they will need to exchange such high data-rate among each other for a wider view of their environments. The use of high-bandwidth millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum bands in vehicular communications can satisfy such demand for high data-rate exchange. Before attempting to design any mmWave vehicular communication system, there is a need to fully understand the propagation characteristics of such mmWave mobile environment. In this paper, we leverage the ray tracing capabilities in the WinProp software suite and study the propagation characteristics of mmWave channels in vehicular communications. In doing so, we present the implementation of the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication scenario in WinProp. Via simulation results, we are able to show that approximately 20 dB degradation of signal strength can happen within 5 seconds.
Histogram Layers for Texture Analysis.

We present a histogram layer for artificial neural networks (ANNs). An essential aspect of texture analysis is the extraction of features that describe the distribution of values in local spatial regions. The proposed histogram layer directly computes the spatial distribution of features for texture analysis and parameters for the layer are estimated during backpropagation. We compare our method with state-of-the-art texture encoding methods such as the Deep Encoding Network Pooling (DEP), Deep Texture Encoding Network (DeepTEN), Fisher Vector convolutional neural network (FV-CNN), and Multi-level Texture Encoding and Representation (MuLTER) on three material/texture datasets: (1) the Describable Texture Dataset (DTD); (2) an extension of the ground terrain in outdoor scenes (GTOS-mobile); (3) and a subset of the Materials in Context (MINC-2500) dataset. Results indicate that the inclusion of the proposed histogram layer improves performance. The source code for the histogram layer is publicly available.
VALIDATION OF NON-CONTRAST MULTIPLE OVERLAPPING THIN SLAB 4D-FLOW CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

4D-flow is a cardiac magnetic resonance technique which allows quantification of blood flow in 3-dimensional space; however, adequate image quality requires the use of contrast agents. We developed a new 4D-flow approach (multiple overlapping thin slabs (MOTS)) capable of generating sufficient
Tissue Specific Fate of Nanomaterials by Advanced Analytical Imaging Techniques - A Review

A variety of imaging and analytical methods have been developed to study nanoparticles in cells. Each has its benefits, limitations, and varying degrees of expense and difficulties in implementation. High-resolution analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) has the unique ability to image local cellular environments adjacent to a nanoparticle at near atomic resolution and apply analytical tools to these environments such as energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. These tools can be used to analyze particle location, translocation and potential reformation, ion dispersion, and in vivo synthesis of second-generation nanoparticles. Such analyses can provide in depth understanding of tissue-particle interactions and effects that are caused by the environmental "invader" nanoparticles. Analytical imaging can also distinguish phases that form due to the transformation of "invader" nanoparticles in contrast to those that are triggered by a response mechanism, including the commonly observed iron biomineralization in the form of ferritin nanoparticles. The analyses can distinguish ion species, crystal phases, and valence of parent nanoparticles and reformed or in vivo synthesized phases throughout the tissue. This article will briefly review the plethora of methods that have been developed over the last 20 years with an emphasis on the state-of-the-art techniques used to image and analyze nanoparticles in cells and highlight the sample preparation necessary for biological thin section observation in a HRSTEM. Specific applications that provide visual and chemical mapping of the local cellular environments surrounding parent nanoparticles and second-generation phases are demonstrated, which will help to identify novel nanoparticle-produced adverse effects and their associated mechanisms.
Sensitivity of total knee replacement wear to variability in motion and load input: A parametric finite element analysis study.

Polyethylene wear remains a contributor to long term failure in total knee replacements (TKRs). Advances in materials have improved polyethylene wear rates, therefore further wear reductions require a better understanding of patient-specific factors that lead to wear. Variability of gait within patients is considerable and could lead to significant variability in wear rates that cannot be predicted by standard testing methods. An in-silico study was performed to investigate the influence of gait variability on TKR polyethylene wear. Nine characteristic peaks within the load and motion profiles used for TKR wear testing were varied 75% to 125% from baseline (ISO-14243-3:2014) to generate 310 unique waveforms. Wear was calculated for 1-million cycles using a finite element TKR wear model. From the results, a surrogate model was developed using multiple linear regression, and used to predict how wear changes due to dispersion of motion and force peaks within a) ±5%, the maximum allowable input tolerance of ISO, and b) ±25%, more reflective of patient gait inter-variability. The range of wear within the ±5% tolerance was 0.65 mm3 /million cycles and was 3.24 mm3 /million cycles within the ±25% variability more in line with the dispersion observed within patients. Although no one kinematic or kinetic peak dominated variability in TKR volumetric wear, variability within flexion/extension peaks were the largest contributor to wear rate variability. Interaction between the peaks of different waveforms was also important. This study, and future studies incorporating patient-specific data, could help to explain the connection between patient-specific gait factors and wear rates.
Genome-wide screen to identify genetic loci associated with cognitive decline in late-life depression.

Objective This study sought to conduct a comprehensive search for genetic risk of cognitive decline in the context of geriatric depression. Design A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis in the Neurocognitive Outcomes of Depression in the Elderly (NCODE) study. Setting Longitudinal, naturalistic follow-up study. Participants Older depressed adults, both outpatients and inpatients, receiving care at an academic medical center. Measurements The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery was administered to the study participants at baseline and a minimum of twice within a subsequent 3-year period in order to measure cognitive decline. A GWAS analysis was conducted to identify genetic variation that is associated with baseline and change in the CERAD Total Score (CERAD-TS) in NCODE. Results The GWAS of baseline CERAD-TS revealed a significant association with an intergenic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 6, rs17662598, that surpassed adjustment for multiple testing (p = 3.7 × 10-7; false discovery rate q = 0.0371). For each additional G allele, average baseline CERAD-TS decreased by 8.656 points. The most significant SNP that lies within a gene was rs11666579 in SLC27A1 (p = 1.1 × 10-5). Each additional copy of the G allele was associated with an average decrease of baseline CERAD-TS of 4.829 points. SLC27A1 is involved with processing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an endogenous neuroprotective compound in the brain. Decreased levels of DHA have been associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease. The most significant SNP associated with CERAD-TS decline over time was rs73240021 in GRXCR1 (p = 1.1 × 10-6), a gene previously linked with deafness. However, none of the associations within genes survived adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusions Our GWAS of cognitive function and decline among individuals with late-life depression (LLD) has identified promising candidate genes that, upon replication in other cohorts of LLD, may be potential biomarkers for cognitive decline and suggests DHA supplementation as a possible therapy of interest.
Solvation of HeH+ in neon atoms: Proton-bound complexes of mixed He and Ne

Abstract The proton-bound complexes of the structure Ne X HeH+, with x ranging from one to four, are explored to investigate the effect of additional neon atoms on binding energies and bright vibrational modes of complexes involving HeH+. The first chemistry that occurred within the universe took place between helium and hydrogen, producing HeH+, which has been shown to solvate successfully with neon to form NeHeH+. CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ computations show that additional neon atoms in the complex are bound more loosely but still destabilize the existing He–H bond. Additionally, as more neon atoms are added, the harmonic frequencies of the species begin to converge to approximately 1580 cm−1, roughly 60 cm−1 less than the NeHeH+ proton-bound complex. Neon destabilizes the HeH+ structure in every instance, no matter the amount of neons added or whether additional heliums are added.
A survey to assess experiences and social support of underrepresented minority doctor of pharmacy students.

Abstract Introduction There is little data regarding the experiences of underrepresented minorities in pharmacy school. The objectives of this project were to describe the perceived racial and social climate at a diverse college of pharmacy (COP) and to determine areas of opportunity to improve the experiences of underrepresented minority students. Methods An electronic survey was administered to students from all four professional years at a COP in Houston, Texas. Students anonymously self-identified demographic information along with perceptions of racial climate using modified versions of previously validated survey instruments. The institution's social climate was assessed via several measures comprising composite survey scores. Results A total of 126 students completed the survey. Overall, Black students had more negative racial experiences and fewer positive social experiences as compared to their peers. Hispanic/Latino student perceptions of the racial and social climate at our institution were more positive than average. Student recommendations were also captured. Conclusions Not all students experienced the same level of inclusion in the college of pharmacy. The diversity and inclusion initiatives undertaken at this COP appear to have been effective in the Latino student population. There is a need for further investigation and qualitative research to determine the best strategies for inclusion of Black students in COPs with diverse populations.
Roles of Cardiac Computed Tomography in Guiding Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Interventions.

The field of transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI) is rapidly evolving to meet a well-defined but unmet clinical need. Severe tricuspid regurgitation is common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical options are limited and of high risk. The success of TTVI depends on careful procedural planning, and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) plays an emerging key role. TTVI technologies have various targets, including the leaflets, annulus, and venae cavae, along with valve replacement. Based on the planned procedure, CCT allows for device sizing, careful assessment of the access route, and comprehensive analysis of relevant adjacent anatomic structures to enhance procedural safety. It can also evaluate right-sided heart function, and its data can be for fusion imaging and 3D printing. Procedural planning is key to TTVI’s success and is highly dependent on high-quality CCT data. This review details the comprehensive roles of CCT, specifics of the dedicated TTVI protocol, and its limitations.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response by Age Among Recipients of the BNT162b2 vs the mRNA-1273 Vaccine.

This cohort study compares antibody responses in a cohort in which both BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines were administered.
SU-E-T-389: Evaluation of Flattening-Filter-Free Arcs for Lung SBRT

Purpose: To evaluate dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using flattening-filter-free (FFF) beams for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods: Five clinical patients, previously treated with SBRT using non-coplanar 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), were selected and re-planned with DCAT and VMAT with both FFF beam (6xFFF with a dose rate of 1200MU/min) and flattened beams (6x with 600 MU/min). All the arc plans were planned with one 360° arc and normalized to the same PTV coverage (100% prescription cover 95% PTV volume) for comparison. Treatment planning metrics such as R100%, R50%, D2cm and lung V20 were compared to the original plans. To evaluate the treatment efficiency differences, all the arc plans were delivered and plan delivery time was compared to that of the clinical treatment as recorded in Mosaiq. Results: All plans meet RTOG conformality constraints and normal tissue tolerances. Average R100% was similar for FFFDCAT (1.07±0.05), FFFVMAT (1.03±0.08) and flattened VMAT (fVMAT) (1.03±0.09) while flattened DCAT (fDCAT) (1.09±0.07) and 3DCRT (1.11±0.06) were significantly inferior (p<0.05, t test). FFFDCAT produced the best average intermediate dose conformality as indicated by R50% (3.86±0.44) and D2cm (43.7±5.3%) when compared to all the other techniques. Significant improvement (p<0.05) in lung V20 was also found with FFFDCAT (2.33±2.06%) when compared to FFFVMAT (2.48±2.03%), fVMAT (2.52±2.07%) and fDCAT (2.64±2.11%) and was slightly better than 3DCRT (2.43±2.04%), though not significant. The FFFDCAT delivery significantly improves the treatment efficiency with an average plan delivery time of 2.70±1.57 min (p<0.05), as compared to fDCAT (5.98±3.45min), fVMAT (6.51±2.94) and 3DCRT (25.14±5.67), but is not significantly better than the FFFVMAT (3.18±1.04). Conclusion: Combining FFF beams and DCAT provide promising improvements in NSCLC SBRT treatment in both plan quality and treatment efficiency and unlike VMAT, tumor coverage is not affected by MLC interplay effects.
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Identification of the Same Mitochondrial ND1 Mutation in Six Pedigrees

Biochemical and molecular genetic evidence is presented that in six independent pedigrees the development of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is due to the same primary mutation in the mitochondrial ND1 gene. A LHON family from the Newcastle area of Great Britain was analyzed in depth to determine the mitochondrial genetic etiology of their disease. Biochemical assays of mitochondrial electron transport in organelles isolated from the platelet/white-blood-cell fraction have established that the members of this family have a substantial and specific lowering of flux through complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase). To determine the site of the primary mitochondrial gene mutation in this pedigree, all seven mitochondrial complex I genes were sequenced, in their entirety, from two family members. The primary mutation was identified as a homoplasmic transition at nucleotide 3460, which results in the substitution of threonine for alanine at position 52 of the ND1 protein. This residue occurs within a very highly conserved hydrophilic loop, is invariantly alanine or glycine in all ND1 proteins, and is adjacent to an invariant aspartic acid residue. This is only the second instance in which both a biochemical abnormality and a mitochondrial gene mutation have been identified in an LHON pedigree. The sequence analysis of the ND81 gene was extended to a further 11, unrelated LHON pedigrees that had been screened previously and found not to carry the mitochondrial ND4/R340H mutation. The ND1/A52T mutation at nucleotide 3460 was found in five of these 11 pedigrees. In contrast, this sequence change was not found in any of the 47 non-LHON controls. The possible role of secondary complex I mutations in the etiology of LHON is also addressed in these studies.
Reforestation of an Eastern Sierra Nevada Surface Mine with Containerized Jeffrey Pine: Seedling Growth and Nutritional Responses to Controlled Release Fertilization and Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation

Abstract Fertilization with two controlled release nutrient formulations, High N % Minors 22-4-6 and Customblen 14-7-10, and ectomycorrhizal inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius(Pers.) Coker & Couch were evaluated for their effects on growth, establishment, and nutrition of containerized Jeffrey pine (PinusjeffreyiGrev. & Balf.) on an eastern Sierra Nevada surface mine. Basidiospores from sporocarps collected at the mine were used to induce mycorrhizal formation in the nursery, and fertilization rates were 10, 20, or 30 g applied at outplant-ing. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced survival overall, but for both fertilizers, the 30 g application increased mortality except for inoculated seedlings that received High N. Seedling survival was unaffected by 10 or 20 g of either fertilizer, however. The growth response to High N exceeded that to Customblen, and among the High N treatments, growth stimulation by the 20 g application surpassed that by 10 or 30 g. Foliar N concentrations were increased by fertiliz...
Measurement and modeling of the acoustic impedance of the maternal abdomen

Transducers to detect fetal heart, breathing, and movement vibrations with increased sensitivity and bandwidth are under development. To understand the inherent acoustical properties of the maternal abdomen and its interaction with these sensors, the acoustic impedance Z(j omega ) was measured in nine women during their last trimester of pregnancy. A shaker with a contact area of 2.85 cm/sup 2/ produced abdominal vibrations between 10 and 500 Hz, and the resulting Z(j omega ) was estimated using spectral techniques from movements performed using an impedance head. The reactance depicted a dominant compliance effect at low frequencies, a resonance at a mean frequency of 17 Hz, and a dominant mass effect at higher frequencies. A series resistance-mass-compliance (R-M-C) circuit modeled these characteristics of well, especially when R was allowed to mimic the frequency-dependence that was observed in the real part of Z(j omega ). Estimated element values were of the order of 27 Ns/m for R, 7 * 10/sup -3/ kg for M, and 5 * 10/sup -3/ m/N for C. Values for R and M are comparable to those determined for other body tissues, while the relatively large C of the abdomen results in a lower observed resonance frequency. This information provides a framework to accurately detect and interpret low-level sonic vibrations on the surface of the maternal abdomen. >
Home Appliance Virtualization Software Configuration for Home Network Services

Recently, there have been extensive studies on home networks, mainly undertaken by the home appliance industry. Service programs and device control programs of current home network systems are dependent on vendors and devices. In this study, we virtualize each home network device so that it can be considered to contain a number of logical devices, and propose a new software configuration based on this virtualization concept. Programs are written using logical interfaces, which define what types of information are exchanged. The proposed software configuration makes programs independent of vendors or physical devices. We have developed a prototype home network system and home network service programs, and confirmed the effectiveness of the new software configuration.
Differences in TDx fetal lung maturity assay values between twin and singleton gestations

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in indexes of pulmonary maturity between singleton and twin gestations by means of the TDx fetal lung maturity assay. Study Design: We identified records of a total of 830 singleton and twin pregnancies not complicated by diabetes and delivered between 28 and 37 weeks' gestation from December 1994 through August 1995. Among these, 170 (20%) had TDx fetal lung maturity measurements performed within 72 hours of delivery. Linear regression was used to assess differences in TDx fetal lung maturity assay values between singleton gestations (n = 143 gestations) and twin gestations (n = 27 gestations) while controlling for potential confounding factors. Results: Twin gestations were no more likely than singleton gestations to undergo TDx fetal lung maturity screening (odds ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.2). Pregnancy complications and corticosteroid treatment were similar in the two groups. After 31 weeks' gestation the twin gestations had significantly higher TDx fetal lung maturity values. Linear regression with controls for gestational age indicated that twin gestations on average had a TDx fetal lung maturity value that was 22.0 mg/g (95% confidence interval, 9.8-34.6 mg/g) higher than that of gestational age–matched singleton gestations. Conclusion: Beyond 31 weeks' gestation twin pregnancies appeared to have a TDx fetal lung maturity value that was 22 mg/g higher than that of singleton pregnancies. If the underlying incidences of respiratory distress syndrome are similar between twin and singleton gestations, then the potential exists for false-positive prediction of adequate lung maturity values among twin gestations. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1110-2.)
Magnetic characteristics of lanthanide-aluminum compounds

Abstract Susceptibilities (χ) for α-Ce 3 Al (hexagonal) are presented for the temperature range 4 °–870 °K, and for β-Ce 3 Al (cubic), Pr3Al, Pr 2 Al and PrAl 4 , for the temperature range 4 °–300 °K. These data together with previously published results provide magnetic information for all known Ce-Al and Pr-Al compounds. Magnetization vs . field results are also presented for these five compounds for 4 °, 77 ° and 300 °K. Both forms of Ce 3 Al remain paramagnetic to the lowest measured temperatures. Pr 3 Al and Pr 2 Al are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic, respectively, with magnetic ordering temperatures 16 ° and 18 °K, respectively. PrAl 4 behaves anomalously; it may be ferrimagnetic below 12 °K. Curie-Weiss behavior is observed for temperatures in excess of 100 °K. Effective moments deduced from the temperature dependence of susceptibility are in close agreement with g √ J ( J + 1), the value expected for the free tripositive ion. Deviations from Curie-Weiss behavior are noted at low temperatures, originating presumably with the crystal field interaction. The six known Pr-Al series of compounds show oscillation between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling. This is ascribed to the varying electron concentration throughout the series. In keeping with earlier observations the coupling mode for the Pr-Al series seems essentially unaffected by the crystal structure of the compound.
Daughters of the game: Troilus and Cressida and the sexual discourse of 16th-century England

Abstract Although Shakespeareans have recently identified an opposition between new historicist critical approaches and feminist perspectives, a combination of both methodologies can place a Shakespearean drama within the context in which it was written (Renaissance England) and link it to current feminist concerns. Troilus and Cressida , in particular, demonstrate Shakespeare's exploitation of 16th-century sexual ideology, particularly men's rights of property in women. This ideology, outlined in English Renaissance sermons, treatises, and tracts, is reflected in Shakespeare's portrayal of both male and female characters. Within the context of Shakespeare's representation of the Trojan War, we find ruthless exposure of the inconsistencies at the heart of 16th- century English sexual discourse.
Infantile Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

We present an infant with generalized palpable purpura, arthritis and fever, whose findings were atypical for classic childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). By describing the clinical symptoms and prognostic differences seen in infants versus school age children, we encourage physicians to be aware of infantile HSP in their differential diagnosis when they encounter a non-toxic infant with generalized purpura.
Administration of human leptin differentially affects parameters of cortisol secretion in socially housed female rhesus monkeys

Chronic exposure to psychosocial stress may lead to a dysregulation of the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that results in a number of adverse health outcomes. The fat-derived hormone leptin has been indicated as a potential key component to maintaining homeostasis by enhancing glucocorticoid negative feedback. Using an established model of nonhuman primate social stress, notably social subordination, this study examined the effects of continuous leptin administration on cortisol secretion in female rhesus monkeys. The 20 subjects were maintained in stable five-member social groups with established dominance hierarchies. All females were ovariectomized but received estradiol throughout the study to maintain serum concentrations at early follicular phase levels. Three parameters of cortisol secretion were examined in dominant and subordinate females during control and leptin-treatment conditions: diurnal cortisol secretion; response to a dexamethasone suppression test; and response to a brief separation from their social group. We hypothesized that leptin supplementation would attenuate the hypercortisolemia characteristic of subordinate females. During baseline conditions, subordinate female rhesus monkeys had significantly lower levels of serum leptin compared with more dominant monkeys and were less sensitive to glucocorticoid negative feedback. Exogenous administration of leptin improved glucocorticoid negative feedback in subordinate females and decreased morning cortisol in all animals. However, there were no status differences in response to a social separation test and diurnal rhythm in cortisol during baseline conditions. However, leptin administration did not attenuate the increase in cortisol in response to a social separation. The data presented in this study demonstrate that leptin can attenuate several parameters of cortisol secretion in female rhesus monkeys and thus may play a role in the response of the adrenal glands to socio-environmental stimuli.
Rating the Intrusiveness of Law Enforcement Searches and Seizures

This article presents the results of a survey that asked 217 subjects to rate the “intrusiveness” of 50 different types of law enforcement investigative techniques, taken primarily from U.S. Supreme Court cases. Respondents disagreed strongly with many of the assumptions the Court makes about privacy and autonomy. Additionally, three theories are developed to help explain perceptions of intrusiveness.
Alexander Schumlansky's De structura renum

The overall structural organization of the kidney, its vasculature and its excretory units, the nephrons, was the subject of intense study and disagreement for hundreds of years. In 1783, Schumlansky
The 733 as a low-input-impedance preamplifier for current-division use

Abstract by grounding the usual inputs of a 733 amplifier chip and driving one of the gain-control pins, a common-base input stage can be obtained with an input impedance of about 20 ω. This can be used as an inexpensive current-division preamp and, in large multichannel systems, will probably not limit the performance.