cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demographic and health status indicators to guide health promotion for Hispanic and Anglo rural elderly.

Abstract Naturally occurring differences rather than simple breakdowns by ethnic category are being used to tailor strategies in a three year senior community health worker-delivered health promotion intervention. A survey conducted of persons 60 and over in a rural southwestern U.S. community identified New Anglos (recent settlers, n =264), Old Anglos (long-time residents, n =298) and Hispanics ( n =236) for a total of 798 persons. Significant demographic differences included less education, poorer health status and more chronic conditions among Hispanics. Low rates of screening were the norm but especially severe among Old Anglos. Patterned differences in health practices, as well as group variations in use of resources and sources of information, revealed New Anglos used a larger variety of services and media. Generally, adjustments being made are related to Hispanic culture, cosmopolitan orientation of the New Anglos, and long-term isolation from information and services for Old Anglos.
Pericarp Fiber Separation from Corn Flour Using Sieving and Air Classification

ABSTRACT In the dry-grind process, starch in ground corn (flour) is converted to ethanol, and the remaining corn components (protein, fat, fiber, and ash) form a coproduct called distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Fiber separation from corn flour would produce fiber as an additional coproduct that could be used as combustion fuel, cattle feed, and as feedstock for producing valuable products such as “cellulosic” ethanol, corn fiber gum, oligosaccharides, phytosterols, and polyols. Fiber is not fermented in the dry-grind corn process. Its separation before fermentation would increase ethanol productivity in the fermenter. Recently, we showed that the elusieve process, a combination of sieving and elutriation (air flow), was effective in fiber separation from DDGS. In this study, we evaluated the elusieve process for separating pericarp fiber from corn flour. Corn flour remaining after fiber separation was termed “enhanced corn flour”. Of the total weight of corn flour, 3.8% was obtained as fiber...
Variation in yield of grain and biomass in wheat, barley, and triticale in a salt-affected field

Abstract Thirty-eight genotypes of hexaploid and tetraploid wheats, triticale, and barley varying in foliar sensitivity to salinity were grown in a replicated experiment on a salt-affected site in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Electrical conductivity of the saturation extract from the 5–30 cm soil zone varied between 2 and 70 dSm−1. At maturity, yield of grain and above-ground biomass of every genotype was determined from areas showing visual evidence of high, intermediate, and low amounts of salt damage. The bulk soil electrical conductivity 0–30 cm below the soil was also determined in each sample area. A negative linear relation was found for yields of grain and biomass with soil salt concentration. Significant differences among genotypes were observed in the slope of the regression lines indicating genotype × soil salinity interactions. Considerable variation was also found in the predicted yields at high and low salt concentrations, in yield loss per unit change in electrical conductivity and in the predicted salt concentration at which no yield was produced. No clear-cut association was observed between visual ratings of foliar damage and yield of biomass at high or low salt concentrations. Furthermore, no relation was found between yields at low salt levels and either the predicted salt concentration causing death or yield at high salt levels. The implications of this study for cereal improvement in salt affected areas is discussed. Where salinity is patchy, selection for yield at low salinity levels would seem the most efficient way to increase yields.
An experimental investigation of helicopter rotor high frequency broadband noise

The paper describes experiments involving a 4.17 foot diameter model rotor operating in a 5 times 7.5 ft open jet wind tunnel enclosed in an anechoic chamber. The effects of rotor thrust, advance ratio, and the number of blades on the intensity and spectrum of high frequency broadband noise (HFBN) have been investigated. The effects of each parameter were determined by keeping the other two constant. The directivities of the two- and three-bladed rotors were measured in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the rotor disk. The effects of heading edge, pressure side, and suction side serrations on HFBN were measured under several operating conditions, and the effects of the serrations on the mean thrust generated by the rotor were studied. A scaling law is proposed to determine the location of the peak frequency and intensity of HFBN.
Nectar-Seeking and Host-Seeking by Larra bicolor (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), a Parasitoid of Scapteriscus Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

Larra bicolor F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) is a specialist parasitoid of Scapteriscus (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) mole crickets, attacking adults and medium to large nymphs of the hosts. Adult wasps derive energy from plant nectars. In replicated trials in pastures in northern Florida, many more wasps fed on nectar of Spermacoce verticillata F. (Rubiaceae), a non-native plant, than on nectar of the native plants Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. or Spermacoce remota Lamarck. Few of them fed on the native plant Solidago fistulosa Michx. (Asteraceae). About as many fed on the native plant Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx) Greene as on S. verticillata in the autumn months until the native plant ceased flowering by October. In contrast, S. verticillata continues flowering until the first hard freeze, which typically occurs in December, so overall, it is a more reliable nectar source in northern Florida and may be still more reliable in frost-free areas of southern Florida where it may flower year-round. The number of immature wasps (eggs and larvae) parasitizing mole crickets was positively related to host density but also declined with distance from a plot of S. verticillata out to 200 m, based on samples of pitfall trap-collected mole crickets. The occurrence of parasitized mole crickets at a 200-m distance suggests that female wasps recruited to a plot of S. verticillata forage for hosts out to at least 200 m. This in turn suggests that mole cricket populations might be diminished by planting plots of S. verticillata at least 400 m apart when L. bicolor wasps are present.
Thermal runaway risk evaluation of Li-ion cells using a pinch–torsion test

Abstract Internal short circuit (ISCr) can lead to failure of Li-ion cells and sometimes result in thermal runaway. Understanding the behavior of Li-ion cells in ISCr condition is thus critical to evaluate the safety of these energy storage devices. In the current work, a pinch–torsion test is developed to simulate ISCr in a controlled manner. It is demonstrated that the torsional component superimposed on compression loading can reduce the axial load required to induce ISCr with smaller short spot size. Using this pinch–torsion test, two types of commercial Li-ion pouch cells were tested under different state of charge (SOC). Based on the severity of the cell damage, a series of thermal runaway risk scores were used to rate the thermal stability of these cells. One of the cell types showed significantly increased hazard as the SOC increased while the other type exhibited relative uniform behavior among different SOC. Therefore, this novel pinch–torsion test seems to be an attractive candidate for safety testing of Li-ion cells due to its abilities to consistently create small ISCr spots and to differentiate cell stability in a wide range of SOC.
Variations in carbonyl mode intensities in inelastic electron tunneling and multiple reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy Part II: effect of internal carbonyl group location for selected aliphatic di -carboxylic acids on alumina

Abstract In this, the second in a series of three articles, inelastic electron tunneling (IET), and Fourier transform MRAIR spectra are obtained for a series of aliphatic di-carboxylic acids and oxo-substituted aliphatic di-carboxylic acids. The acids are chosen in order to investigate the effect of the internal carbonyl group location within the molecule itself on spectral intensities. The oxo-substituted di-carboxylic acids produce a carbonyl absorption in the region 1700–1760 cm−1 for IET spectra. These are attributed to the internal carbonyl group present in these molecules, since this vibration is absent in the corresponding spectra for the non-oxo-substituted di-carboxylic acids. A comparison of MRAIR spectra for samples prepared with and without a lead cover film shows that both carbonyl, and C–H mode intensities for the MRAIR samples are attenuated to various degrees by the presence of a lead cover film depending on their location within the molecules. This indicates steric hindrance of these groups by the lead cover film, which causes the molecular backbone to be canted at the alumina surface. Evidence for this is obtained from the unusually high intensity of the asymmetric carboxylate ion stretch in the MRAIR spectra for samples with a lead cover film.
Native Acts: Law, Recognition, and Cultural Authenticity. By Joanne Barker. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011. 284 pp. $23.95 paper.

Native Acts: Law, Recognition, and Cultural Authenticity. By Joanne Barker. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011. 284 pp. $23.95 paper.In Native Acts, Joanne Barker wades into the rough waters of intratribal politics, investigating how U.S. legal definitions of categories such as "tribe," "member," and "tradition" shape the discourses and distribution of rights within contemporary Native society. Barker argues that these legal terms extend from and uphold U.S. national interests, and that it is critical to understand how practices such as tribal management of membership rolls, while based in principles of sovereignty, have the potential to reproduce forms of oppression, including gender discrimination and unequal rights. Central to her argument is the assertion that notions of cultural authenticity, measured by blood degree and other calibrations defined under law, thoroughly infuse debates and decisions about Native political rights both externally and internally. Until Native polities challenge these categories of belonging, Barker warns, "the important projects for Native decolonization and self-determination" remain impossible (p. 7).The book is divided into three thematic sections ("Recognition," "Membership," and "Tradition") that pair contextual chapters with case studies. In "Recognition," Barker sets up the history of the term "Indian tribe" by focusing on two main periods: the early Republic to the Marshall Rulings of the 1830s, and the "selfdetermination" era since the 1970s. It is curious, and somewhat disappointing, that many of the key pieces of Indian law and policy from the twentieth century-including the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), Termination (1950s), Relocation (1950s), and Restoration (1980s)-receive scant or no attention in this or subsequent chapters, particularly because Barker's case studies deal so intimately with tribal structure, membership, and competing authenticity claims. The first case study, paired with "Recognition," involves the conflict over federal recognition status between the Cherokees and the Delawares; the studies that follow address the 1978 Supreme Court ruling, Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez; disenbs rollment disputes within a California gaming tribe; and the adoption of federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) standards by tribes, particularly the Cherokees and Navajos. In general, the case studies are more satisfying than the broad strokes of the contextual chapters, given that their smaller scope allows for more detail, nuance, and analysis. …
Structure—activity relationships of tetracyclines I: Inhibition of cell division and protein and nucleic acid syntheses in Escherichia coli W

The kinetics of inhibition of Escherichia coli in a peptone broth as a function of the concentration of 18 tetracyclines were determined. Viable and total cell count methods were used to measure rates of cell division. Rates of protein and nucleic acid syntheses were determined simultaneously by a membrane filter technique in conjunction with the Folin-Lowry assay and the orcinol reaction, respectively. The relationship of these rate constants to antibiotic concentration is an accurate estimate of activity under the test conditions. Different times before onset of inhibition of protein synthesis, cell division, and nucleic; acid synthesis are observed in kinetic experiments. These differences are interpreted as being consistent with theories of primary inhibition of protein-synthesizing systems.
Systems of Differential Delay Equations: Floquet Multipliers and Discrete Lyapunov Functions

Abstract We define a discrete (integer-valued) Lyapunov function V for cyclic nearest neighbor systems of differential delay equations possessing a feedback condition. This extends analogous definitions for cyclic systems of ODE's, and for scalar differential delay equations. We relate the values of V to the real parts of the Floquet multipliers for such linear periodic systems, and thereby prove all Floquet subspaces are at most two-dimensional.
An integrated functional genomics screening program reveals a role for BMP-9 in glucose homeostasis.

An integrated functional genomics screening program reveals a role for BMP-9 in glucose homeostasis
Hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: Summarizing the data from functional neuroimaging studies

In the last several years there have been impressive strides in the ability to explore the nature of hippocampal system functioning in humans by employing functional neuroimaging methods, permitting such methods to be used in conjunction with neuropsychological methods to better understand the role of the hippocampal system in memory. In this paper, we review the literature on functional imaging studies of the hippocampal system, summarizing the data and testing these data against a number of theories or explanatory accounts of hippocampal function. We consider five alternative explanatory accounts of, or ideas about, hippocampal function- some from already existing work, for which the functional imaging data can provide a new test, and others that have emerged directly from the functional imaging work, and that have yet to be tested for their fit of data from neuropsychological methods. We conclude that the relational (declarative) memory account, in which it is proposed that the hippocampal system plays a critical role in binding together multiple inputs to permit representations of the relations among the constituent elements of scenes or events, can better accommodate the full range of imaging (and other existing) data than any other explanatory account of hippocampal function.
Direct spectroscopic observation of size-dependent vacancy distribution in Y-doped CeO2

Size-induced structural differences in the oxygen-vacancy ordering between nano- and bulk Y-doped CeO2 (YDC) were measured using 89Y MAS NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating a preferential association of the vacancies with Ce atoms in nano-YDC, which may imply pronounced size effects on the ionic conductivity of this solid electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells.
Upper bound calculations of ATR performance for ladar sensors

The use of robust and representative synthetic imagery data to test and evaluate automatic target recognition (ATR) systems has long been desired but generally considered beyond the current state of the art. The use of synthetic data is investigated here to calculate upper bounds on potential ATR system performance. This paper presents the use of synthetically generated imagery templates as a means of developing upper bounds of ATR performance for laser radar based seekers. This approach employs a synthetic scene generation capability and integrates it with error models that represent decrements in performance due to resolution, noise and geometric distortion resulting from the sensing process. This paper describes the modeling approach take and presents preliminary results. The model is currently undergoing testing against real imagery and is being used to select test sets to more effectively evaluate ATR's.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Using Quality of Life Information to Set Priorities in Health Policy

Health care has as primary objectives extending life expectancy and improving quality of life in years prior to death. This paper offers a General Health Policy Model as a method for quantifying these outcomes. The model adjusts life expectancy for diminished quality of life, which is measured using a standardized instrument known as the Quality of Well-being (QWB) scale. The Well-year or Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) results from these analyses and serves as a single quantitative expression of health benefit. QALY units integrate side effects and benefits of treatment by combining into a single number, mortality, morbidity, and duration of each health state. Examples show the application of the model relevant to a variety of medical and public health problems, including diabetes, arthritis, AIDS, neonatal circumcision, and tobacco tax. It is suggested that the General Health Policy Model has advantages for guiding both individual and public health decisions.
SEMIANALYTIC TREATMENT OF TWO-COLOR PHOTOASSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY AND CONTROL OF COLD ATOMS

We present semianalytic expressions for scattering probabilities of cold trapped atoms in the presence of two weak, independently tunable laser fields, both tuned near molecular resonances. We consider two experimental situations. In the first, an Autler-Townes doublet appears and is shown in certain circumstances to exhibit unequal peak heights. In the second, the pair of lasers is employed to produce translationally cold ground-state molecules, in which case our formula suggests the optimal conditions for such production. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Ion exchange resins as emerging-submerging chemical sensors

A new concept in chemical sensing has been introduced that uses changes in density of a cross-linked polymer to physically signal changes in solution composition. Prototype systems that have now be...
Interviews with pioneers of vascular surgery

The purpose of the SVS is not just to hold an annual meeting, but also to pursue social, financial, and political responsibilities. In addition, the Society leads in research, training, education, and practice (ie, patient care). The current leadership of the SVS is dedicated to preserving the history of the Society. The History Project Work Group will execute the orders of the Society to develop a series of digital videography recorded interviews with leaders in vascular surgery to be made available to our membership. The information collected will form the basis for a book on the history of the SVS.
Semantical considerations on dialectical and practical commitments

This paper studies commitments in multi agent systems. A dialectical commitment corresponds to an agent taking a position about a putative fact, including for the sake of argument. A practical commitment corresponds to an agent being obliged to another to bring about a condition. Although commitments have been used in many works, an adequate formal semantics and axiomatization for them does not yet exist. This paper presents a logic of commitments that illustrates the commonalities and differences of the two kinds of commitments. In this manner, it generalizes the developments of previous papers, precisely delineates the meanings of commitments, and identifies important postulates used informally or semiformally in previous work.
Rediscovering Sperm Ion Channels with the Patch-Clamp Technique

Upon ejaculation, mammalian spermatozoa have to undergo a sequence of physiological transformations within the female reproductive tract that will allow them to reach and fertilize the egg. These include initiation of motility, hyperactivation of motility and perhaps chemotaxis toward the egg, and culminate in the acrosome reaction that permits sperm to penetrate the protective vestments of the egg. These physiological responses are triggered through the activation of sperm ion channels that cause elevations of sperm intracellular pH and Ca(2+) in response to certain cues within the female reproductive tract. Despite their key role in sperm physiology and their absolute requirement for the process of fertilization, sperm ion channels remain poorly understood due to the extreme difficulty in application of the patch-clamp technique to spermatozoa. This review covers the topic of sperm ion channels in the following order: first, we discuss how the intracellular Ca(2+) and pH signaling mediated by sperm ion channels controls sperm behavior during the process of fertilization. Then, we briefly cover the history of the methodology to study sperm ion channels, which culminated in the recent development of a reproducible whole-cell patch-clamp technique for mouse and human cells. We further discuss the main approaches used to patch-clamp mature mouse and human spermatozoa. Finally, we focus on the newly discovered sperm ion channels CatSper, KSper (Slo3) and HSper (H(v)1), identified by the sperm patch-clamp technique. We conclude that the patch-clamp technique has markedly improved and shifted our understanding of the sperm ion channels, in addition to revealing significant species-specific differences in these channels. This method is critical for identification of the molecular mechanisms that control sperm behavior within the female reproductive tract and make fertilization possible.
Ultrafine particle emissions from desktop 3D printers

The development of low-cost desktop versions of three-dimensional (3D) printers has made these devices widely accessible for rapid prototyping and small-scale manufacturing in home and office settings. Many desktop 3D printers rely on heated thermoplastic extrusion and deposition, which is a process that has been shown to have significant aerosol emissions in industrial environments. However, we are not aware of any data on particle emissions from commercially available desktop 3D printers. Therefore, we report on measurements of size-resolved and total ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations resulting from the operation of two types of commercially available desktop 3D printers inside a commercial office space. We also estimate size-resolved (11.5 nme116 nm) and total UFP (<100 nm) emission rates and compare them to emission rates from other desktop devices and indoor activities known to emit fine and ultrafine particles. Estimates of emission rates of total UFPs were large, ranging from w2.0 � 10 10 #m in � 1 for a 3D printer utilizing a polylactic acid (PLA) feedstock to w1.9 � 10 11 # min � 1 for the same type of 3D printer utilizing a higher temperature acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic feedstock. Because most of these devices are currently sold as standalone devices without any exhaust ventilation or filtration accessories, results herein suggest caution should be used when operating in inadequately ventilated or unfiltered indoor environments. Additionally, these results suggest that more controlled experiments should be conducted to more fundamentally evaluate particle emissions from a wider arrange of desktop 3D printers.
US Business Cycles from 1971-2010: A Post Keynesian Explanation

Curiously and in spite of its name, very few business cycle theories actually treat it as a cycle. Mainstream economics, for example, models all macroeconomic fluctuations as a function of exogenous forces. In their view, the economy remains at full employment indefinitely unless impacted by some external event. Post Keynesian economists disagree strongly with this characterization, arguing instead that business-cycle fluctuations are (+) (+) (+) (-) (-) (-) (+) (-) (-) (+) (+)
Teachers and Challenging Behavior: Knowledge, Views, and Practices

Seventy teachers (38 special education and 32 general education teachers) completed a questionnaire using Likert-type scales to describe several traits and conditions about themselves and students with challenging behavior. Results indicated that most teachers did not use many effective strategies or receive sufficient support, and viewed challenging behavior as having an adverse effect on them and their students. Still most believed most challenging behavior was learned and could be improved. Although they felt they had learned about how to deal with “most” challenging behavior through experience, most did not perceive their professional preparation to be adequate. Regression analysis demonstrated that inservice and preservice preparation were predictive of confidence and the number of strategies used for addressing challenging behavior.
An operational code of terrorism: the political psychology of Ayman al-Zawahiri

The study of terrorism requires not only the study of specific acts of terrorism but also the study of the context in which such acts are made. Researchers must consequently be familiar with the general psychological principles of terrorism (of its causes and effects) as well as the psychological background of individual terrorists, especially terrorist leaders such as Ayman al-Zawahiri. This study creates a broad, context-rich profile of Ayman al-Zawahiri's political psychology using the analytical framework known as operational code. Content analysis of al-Zawahiri's written and spoken statements allows the researcher to analyze the important belief systems that motivate al-Zawahiri's actions. These belief systems are crucial in understanding al-Zawahiri's political and terrorist actions, as al-Zawahiri experiences very few institutional barriers altering the otherwise robust relationship between belief and action. This study finds not only that al-Zawahiri perceives the political world through a purely...
Ranking and selection in a high performance computing environment

We explore the adaptation of a ranking and selection procedure, originally designed for a sequential computer, to a high-performance (parallel) computing setting. We pay particular attention to screening and explaining why care is required in implementing screening in parallel settings. We develop an algorithm that allows screening at both the master and worker levels, and that apportions work to processors in such a way that excessive communication is avoided. In doing so we rely on a random number generator with many streams and substreams.
Demythologizing Science Teacher Education: Conquering the False Ideal of Open Inquiry

Each of us holds onto various myth within our lives and careers. We might prefer not to acknowledge these, especially to ourselves. But mythology is a potent force in life and not only when we read fiction or watch movies. One example is the myth of ‘‘six degrees of separation’’ which alleges that any two people in the world can be connect through a short list of acquaintances. This principle, fostered by social psychologist Milgram (1967), investigated how peoples social networks could be used to forward a package to someone unknown to them. In one study, Nebraska participants (presumable as far as a Harvard/Yale professor could imagine to still be within the civilized world) were told to send a package to a designated person in Massachusetts. Rather than mail the package directly, people were to send the materials to a person they knew on a first name basis who would be likely to know the target person. At each step, the package would move closer to the desired recipient. To Milgrams surprise, the median number of intermediating people, from sender to addressee, was five. What a comfort it would be, even though counter-intuitive for a large global population, to know that human beings are all connected to one another. However, despite the manner in which ‘‘six-degrees’’ has captured the publics imagination, there is scant evidence to support this notion. It turns out that Milgrams study was so flawed and difficult to replicate that the concept of six degrees of separation qualifies as a myth. Kleinfeld (2002) examined Milgrams original research materials and concluded that ‘‘Milgrams fascinating findings have slipped away from their scientific moorings and sailed into the world of imagination’’ (p. 62). One issue was that the median of five intermediates was based upon a completion rate of barely 30%. Nearly three-fourths of the package never reached their destination. Furthermore, Kleinfeld uncovered that the recruiting methods used by Milgram selected for people within existing networks. In follow-up studies, when connections were attempted across social boundaries (i.e., racial categories and social class) the success rates fell so low that almost none of the packages reached their target. In summary, the six degrees concept, despite its heartwarming tale of a world community, it is difficult to substantiate. What many of us viewed as a delightful truth is actually a mere fable.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GROWTH OF SMALL CORNER FATIGUE CRACKS IN ALUMINIUM 6061-T651

Results of an experimental investigation of the fatigue growth of small corner cracks emanating from small flaws are presented. Growth-arrest behaviour was observed, and increases in crack length during growth periods were of the order of the transverse grain size. For the test material, the corner crack front intersects, on average, only three–six grains in the small crack regime monitored, so only a small number of constrained, interior grains is encountered. It is suggested that the presence of partially constrained surface grains may contribute to the ‘anomalous’ growth behaviour which has been observed by a number of investigators. The crack growth histories of the test data presented exhibit considerable scatter. It is shown that a Student’s t-test can be used to estimate confidence intervals in order to provide a measure of the observed scatter. The variation in confidence intervals in the transition from small to long fatigue crack growth is discussed.
Rearview Mirror Reflectivity and the Quality of Distance Information Available to Drivers

In two experiments, the authors examined the possibility that rearview mirror reflectivity influences drivers' perceptions of the distance to following vehicles. In the first experiment, subjects made magnitude estimates of the distance to a vehicle seen in a variable-reflectance rearview mirror. In the second experiment, the subjects were required to decide, under time pressure, whether a car viewed in a variable-reflectance rear-view mirror had been displaced toward any of them or away from them when they were shown two views of the car in quick succession. The speed and accuracy of their responses was measured. The findings of these two experiments (reflectivity did no affect variability of magnitude estimates, reaction time for distance discrimination, or accuracy of distance discrimination) suggest that the quality of distance information should not be considered a major factor in determining optimal reflectivity levels. However, these results should be interpreted within the limits of the methods of the study.
Colony Social Organization and Population Genetic Structure of an Introduced Population of Formosan Subterranean Termite from New Orleans, Louisiana

The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is an invasive species in many parts of the world, including the U.S. mainland. The reasons for its invasive success may have to do with the flexible social and spatial organization of colonies. We investigated the population and breeding structure of 14 C. formosanus colonies in Louis Armstrong Park, New Orleans, LA. This population has been the focus of extensive study for many years, providing the opportunity to relate aspects of colony breeding structure to previous findings on colony characteristics such as body weight and number of workers, wood consumption, and intercolony aggression. Eight colonies were headed by a single pair of outbred reproductives (simple families), whereas six colonies were headed by low numbers of multiple kings and/or queens that were likely the neotenic descendants of the original colony (extended families). Within the foraging area of one large extended family colony, we found genetic differentiation among different collection sites, suggesting the presence of separate reproductive centers. No significant difference between simple family colonies and extended family colonies was found in worker body weight, soldier body weight, foraging area, population size, or wood consumption. However, level of inbreeding within colonies was negatively correlated with worker body weight and positively correlated with wood consumption. Also, genetic distance between colonies was positively correlated with aggression levels, suggesting a genetic basis to nestmate discrimination cues in this termite population. No obvious trait associated with colony reproductive structure was found that could account for the invasion success of this species.
Consciousness and Self-Knowledge

I still remember the impact that Gilbert Ryle made on me as a young student in the early sixties. I had recently been studying close-to-the ground behaviorist psychology, while another class took us aloft to Whitehead’s Process and Reality. So Ryle in the next semester came as a welcome relief. Here were questions I could both understand and care about, answered through a mode of thinking and expression that was great fun. In this regard, Plato comes to mind as an early precursor, Ryle’s great philosophical hero. But it was exhilarating to find a contemporary writing in this fresh way on issues of such interest. It gave me a boost in my early days as a student of philosophy, and helped sustain and increase my interest in the subject, for which I remain grateful. On recently rereading the book my take on it is colored by my years as a professional philosopher, but I still admire it even now. This surprises me, as Ryle is no longer much cited or heeded, his brilliance long now under the shadow of Wittgenstein. Still I am left once again in no doubt that Ryle saw deeply into main and lasting issues of analytic philosophy, which to a large extent he himself helped define and place on the agenda, especially issues about the mind and its workings, but also broader issues of metaphysics and related philosophy of language, as in his work on categories and on systematically misleading expressions.
Mathematics, 600 B.C.-400 B.C.

(1943). Mathematics, 600 B.C.-400 B.C. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 357-360.
Acute Ischemic Stroke Treatment with Mechanical Embolectomy Has Doubled in the US from 2008 to 2010 (IN2-1.005)

Objective: To determine if embolectomy use is increasing over time, and further characterize its use. Background Intravenous thrombolysis is an established acute reperfusion therapy based on randomized trials. Endovascular mechanical embolectomy (using the MERCI or Penumbra devices) is also an option based on single-arm studies, and is reimbursed by Medicare at a higher rate. Randomized trials comparing both approaches are underway. Design/Methods: We reviewed the Premier Database for ischemic stroke hospitalizations (ICD-9 codes 433.x1, 434.x1 and 436) of adult patients during 2008, 2009 and 2010 fiscal years. This database includes all payor sources, and demographic and drug utilization data, from a sampling of 15% of US hospitals. Use of reperfusion therapies was determined through the thrombolysis procedure code (99.10), pharmacy records (use of 50 or 100 mg Alteplase vials), hospital billing information, and/or the mechanical thrombectomy procedure code (39.74). Results: Increasing proportions of ischemic strokes were treated with reperfusion therapies each year: 4.1% (2482/61096) in 2008, 4.7% (2983/63093) in 2009, and 5.4% (3451/63575) in 2010 (p 500 beds; p Conclusions: Mechanical embolectomy use has almost doubled in the US over the last three years. As healthcare resources are increasingly used to treat patients with mechanical embolectomy, it becomes imperative to establish their effectiveness through definitive clinical trials. Supported by: NIH/NINDS K23 NS059843 (PK) and CDC Grant (DOK). Disclosure: Dr. Khatri has received personal compensation for activities with law offices as an expert witness. Dr. Khatri has received research support from Genentech, Inc. and Penumbra, Inc. Dr. Meganathan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adeoye has received personal compensation for activities with EKR Therapeutics for Speaker9s Bureau and consultant services. Dr. Hornung has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kleindorfer has received personal compensation for activities with Genentech, Inc. and Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as a speaker and participant on an advisory board.
Phase and Amplitude Modulation Methods for Nonlinear Ultrasound Imaging With CMUTs

Conventional amplitude and phase modulated pulse sequences for selective imaging of nonlinear tissue and ultrasound contrast agents are designed for piezoelectric transducers that behave linearly. Inherent nonlinearity of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), especially during large-signal operation, renders these methods inapplicable. In this paper, we present different pulse sequences for nonlinear imaging that are valid for small- and large-signal CMUT operations. For small-signal operation, two-pulse amplitude and phase modulation methods for microbubble and tissue harmonic imaging are presented, where CMUT nonlinearity is compensated via subharmonic excitation. In the large-signal regime, using a nonlinear model, we first show that there is a simple linear relationship between the phases of each harmonic distortion component generated and the input drive signal. Based on this observation, we demonstrate a pulse sequence using $N+1$ consecutive phase modulated transmit events to extract $N$ harmonics of the nonlinear contrast agent echo content uncorrupted by CMUT nonlinearity. The proposed methods assume no $a\textit {priori}$ information about the transducer and, therefore, are applicable to any CMUT. The phase modulation method is also valid for piezoelectric transducers and systems with nonlinearities described by Taylor series where the same phase relationship between the input signal and the harmonic content is valid. The proof of principle experiments using a commercial contrast agent validates the phase modulated pulse sequences for CMUTs, operating in a highly nonlinear collapse-snapback mode and for piezoelectric transducers.
Asymmetric distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.

We have characterized the muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) expressed in Madin- Darby canine kidney (MDCK) strain II epithelial cells. Binding studies with the membrane-impermeable antagonistN-[3H]...
Plasticization-resistant Ni2(dobdc)/polyimide composite membranes for the removal of CO2 from natural gas

We demonstrate that the incorporation of Ni2(dobdc) metal–organic framework nanocrystals into various polyimides can improve the performance of membranes for separating CO2 from CH4 under mixed-gas conditions. Four upper-bound 6FDA-based polyimides, as well as the commercial polymer Matrimid®, show improved selectivity under mixed-gas feeds when loaded with 15–25 wt% Ni2(dobdc), while the neat polyimides show diminishing selectivity upon increasing feed pressure. This approach presents an alternative to chemical crosslinking for achieving plasticization resistance, with the added benefit of retaining or increasing permeability while simultaneously reducing chain mobility.
Transnational Family Communication as a Driver of Technology Adoption

The diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has made transnational communication more affordable and intensive. In this article, we examine how transnational family communication shapes immigrant families’ technology adoption and appropriation. Through interviews with immigrant Latino families about their experiences with computers, mobile devices, and the Internet, transnational family communication emerged as a motivating factor for purchasing and introducing digital technologies into the household. Digital ICTs help parents maintain virtual intimacy with faraway relatives, secure emotional support, and engage in transnational caregiving. For their children, cross-border interactions serve as opportunities to support their parents’ efforts to maintain family continuity. Such motivations facilitate a process of appropriation as families negotiate the affordances of particular devices and platforms.
Advancing a new evidence-based professional in health care: job task analysis for health and wellness coaches

Abstract Background The pressing need to manage burgeoning chronic disease has led to the emergence of job roles such as health and wellness coaches (HWCs). As use of this title has increased dramatically, so has the need to ensure consistency, quality and safety for health and wellness coaching (HWC) provided in both practice and research. Clear and uniform role definitions and competencies are required to ensure appropriate scope of practice, to allow best practices to emerge, and to support the implementation of well-designed, large scale studies to accumulate a rigorous evidence base. Since the nascent field is replete with heterogeneity in terms of role delineations and competencies, a collaborative volunteer non-profit organization, the National Consortium for Credentialing Health and Wellness Coaches (NCCHWC), has been built over the past six years to support professionalization of the field. Methods In 2014, a professionally led Job Task Analysis (JTA) was conducted with 15 carefully selected subject matter experts (SMEs) with diverse education and professional backgrounds who were practicing HWC in a wide variety of settings. After establishing a thorough list of specific tasks employed during HWC, the expert panel discussed the knowledge and skills necessary to competently perform the tasks. Subsequently, a large validation survey assessed the relative importance and frequency of each identified job task in conducting HWC. Results The JTA identified 21 job tasks as essential to HWC. In the subsequent validation survey, 4026 practicing health and wellness coaches were invited to rate each of the 21 job tasks in terms of their importance and frequency. A response rate of 25.6 % provided a diverse sample ( n = 1031) in terms of background, and represented a wide variety of training programs from academia, industry, the private sector and associations. Per best practices, the subset of practicing HWCs ( n = 885) provided importance and frequency ratings to be used to calculate task and domain weights that can serve as a foundation for a NCCHWC national certification examination. Conclusions This JTA provides a significant step forward in the building of a clear and consistent definition of HWC that will allow for uniform practice standards and enable more stringent methodology to evaluate this promising approach within evidence-based medicine.
D-Grid: An In-Memory Dual Space Grid Index for Moving Object Databases

The rapid development of positioning techniques has enabled information to be widely collected on continuously moving objects, such as vehicles and mobile device users. Database systems supporting massive updates and predictive spatio-temporal queries on the moving objects are essential for modern location-based services. On the other hand, information (e.g. Location and velocity) that describes the motion of millions of moving objects can be accommodated in main memory with modern computing machines. Thus, in-memory indexing techniques are gaining popularity among moving object databases. Recent works indicate that a simple uniform grid is one of the best choices for indexing moving objects in main memory. However, to the best of our knowledge, relevant works in the literature consider only grids in the location space but disregard the velocity information of the moving objects, which we believe can be exploited to further improve query performance. In this paper, we propose D-Grid, an in-memory dual space grid index for moving objects. Specifically, it indexes moving objects using grid structures in both location and velocity spaces, which improves query performance by almost an order of magnitude. We also propose a lazy deletion and garbage cleaning mechanism that can be applied to both our dual space and existing location space uniform grid based indexes and further improve update performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms existing uniform grid based in-memory indexes.
Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes at 4 and 22°C in Whey and Skim Milk Containing 6 or 12% Sodium Chloride

Autoclaved samples of skim milk and deproteinated whey were fortified with 6 or 12% NaCl, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes strains Scott A or California (CA), to contain ca. 1.0 × 103 cfu/ml (in the products with 6% salt) or ca. 5.0 × 103 cfu/ml (in the products with 12% salt) and incubated at 4 and 22°C. The pH values of the 6% salted whey, 6% salted skim milk, 12% salted whey, and 12% salted skim milk were 5.65, 6.20, 5.50, and 6.00 respectively. These values remained relatively constant during the entire experiment. Listeria counts were obtained by surface-plating appropriate dilutions and/or undiluted samples on Trypticase Agar (TA). Samples in which L. monocytogenes was not detected, were re-examined after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of cold-enrichment. Generation times of L. monocytogenes in 6% salted whey at 22°C (3.67 h and 3.56 h for strains Scott A and CA, respectively) were significantly shorter than those in 6% salted skim milk at 22°C (4.31 and 4.42 h for the two strains, respectively). Generation times in 6% salted products at 4°C ranged between 37.49 h and 49.43 h. Maximum populations reached at 22 and 4°C ranged from 7.58 to 8.10 Log10 cfu/ml, and were significantly higher in 6% salted whey than in 6% salted skim milk. In 12% salted whey and skim milk incubated at 22°C, L. monocytogenes gradually decreased in numbers. Strain CA was inactivated within 85 d in 12% salted skim milk or within 110 d in 12% salted whey, and was significantly less salt tolerant than strain Scott A which survived for more than 130 d under the same conditions. Loss of viability by both strains was similar in 12% salted whey and skim milk after 130 d of storage at 4°C, and the decreases in population were less than 0.7 order of magnitude.
REVIEW - Brennan, James R. Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania. 292 pp. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2012.

REVIEW - Brennan, James R. Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania. 292 pp. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2012.
You Can’t Handle the Truth: Lies, Damn Lies, and the Exclusion of Polygraph Evidence

Since the decision in Frye v. United States, polygraph results have been deemed inadmissible as evidence in many state and federal courts across the United States. Exclusion has been justified based on purported scientific weaknesses of the test, or the assertion that to allow polygraph evidence would usurp the jury’s role as the arbiter of credibility, wreaking havoc on the American judicial system. This paper suggests that the extensive body of literature on polygraph evidence fails to understand the actual reason polygraph evidence has been an evidentiary pariah. First, this article systematically demonstrates that the justifications for excluding polygraph evidence at trial are equally applicable to nearly every other forensic science except DNA analysis. Second, this paper asks the novel question, “Why is polygraph evidence held to such a different standard?” This article suggests that the only significant difference between many routinely admitted forensic techniques and polygraph evidence is the party most frequently offering the evidence. This article then considers several possible explanations for why this fact matters in judges’ decisions. Finally, this article concludes that because science and law have little to do with the exclusion of polygraph the trend is likely to continue regardless of technological advances.