cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A nonlinear dynamical systems framework for structural diagnosis and prognosis

Abstract This work aims to establish a nonlinear dynamics framework for diagnosis and prognosis in structural dynamic systems. The objective is to develop an analytically sound means for extracting features, which can be used to characterize damage, from modal-based input–output data in complex hybrid structures with heterogeneous materials and many components. Although systems like this are complex in nature, the premise of the work here is that damage initiates and evolves in the same phenomenological way regardless of the physical system according to nonlinear dynamic processes. That is, bifurcations occur in healthy systems as a result of damage. By projecting a priori the equations of motion of high-dimensional structural dynamic systems onto lower dimensional center, or so-called ‘damage’, manifolds, it is demonstrated that model reduction near bifurcations might be a useful way to identify certain features in the input–output data that are helpful in identifying damage. Normal forms describing local co-dimension one and two bifurcations (e.g. transcritical, subcritical pitchfork, and asymmetric pitchfork bifurcations) are assumed to govern the initiation and evolution of damage in a low-order model. Real-world complications in damage prognosis involving spatial bifurcations, global bifurcation phenomena, and the sensitivity of damage to small changes in initial conditions are also briefly discussed.
Two transcription activation functions in the amino terminus of the mouse estrogen receptor that are affected by the carboxy terminus.

Abstract To determine the characteristics of the N-terminal transactivation domain (AF-I) of the mouse estrogen receptor (ER), we constructed a number of deletion mutants. Wild-type and mutant receptors were expressed in yeast cells and assayed for their ability to transactivate an estrogen-responsive reporter plasmid (ERE-CYC1-LacZ) that contained a single estrogen response element of the vitellogenin A2 gene promoter. Deletion of the N-terminal 121 amino acids from the mouse ER resulted in a 50% reduction in transactivation activity compared with the full-length wild-type ER. Deletion of the first 150 amino acids resulted in loss of 90% transactivation activity. An ER deletion mutant lacking residues 121–154 retained full transcriptional activity, suggesting that this region plays a significant transacting role only when the first portion is deleted. A point mutation was introduced in the C-terminal region at Met-521 in order to study the possible interaction between the C-terminal ligand-binding domain and the N-terminal AF-1 region. This mutant ER, M521G, exhibited 150% of the transcriptional activity of the wild-type ER. An M521G mutant lacking the N-terminal 121 amino acids retained full transactivation activity, whereas, M521G lacking 150 amino acids resulted in only 10% of wild-type activity. These results suggest that residues 121–154 might interact with the C terminus to affect transcription. In summary, multiple N-terminal regions in the ER were identified that function in transactivation. Furthermore, a point mutation in the C-terminal portion of the ER may change the conformation of the ER ligand-binding domain, producing a more stable receptor/ligand complex that increases transcriptional activity. These data suggest that the N-and C-terminal portions of the ER interact in a cooperative manner to activate transcription from target genes.
Praying and playing to the beat of a child's metronome

This article was written to retrace the affects of childhood experience expressed in the themes that inform my scholarship – unconscious desire, affect, bodies, sexuality, race, politics and media/biotechnologies. What follows focuses on belief, trauma and the rhythm of family violence in the repeating beating of punishment, prayer, music and the poetic. Remembering has been informed by revisiting the place where I grew up, walking the same streets I walked as a little girl, attempting to capture what I saw and could not see then. But remembering remains incomplete; it does not end the repeating beating, thereby necessitating an experimental writing style that allows for the breaks in memory, making apparent the irrational cutting between childhood experiences and scholarship.
STUDIES ON THE COMPARATIVE CYTOLOGY OF THE ANNUAL AND BIENNIAL VARIETIES OF MELILOTUS ALBA

Although the biennial variety of MAelilotus alba has been known in the United States for a long time, the annual variety has been found only within recent years (28). The annual may be distinguished from the biennial variety in that the food and energy in the annual are used to form a main central vertical stem with smaller lateral branches, whereas in the biennial, although they form a central vertical shoot, greater emphasis is placed upon the production of numerous lateral branches. From buds on the crown of the biennial plant, lateral branches arise during the second season and produce numerous flowers. In view of the fact that the two varieties are functionally different, the present investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether any cytological differences exist between them.
ATF4: a novel regulator of cell growth

Activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) is a member of the ATF/CREB subfamily of basic region-leucine zipper proteins. ATF4 forms homodimers or heterodimers by interacting with itself or other proteins through its leucine zipper motif. Potential partners of ATF4 include members of the AP-1 and C/
Computing with dynamic synapses: a case study of speech recognition

A novel concept of dynamic synapse is presented which incorporates fundamental features of biological neurons including presynaptic mechanisms influencing the probability of neurotransmitter release from an axon terminal. The consequence of the presynaptic mechanisms is that the probability of release becomes a function of the temporal pattern of action potential occurrence, and hence, the strength of a given synapse varies upon the arrival of each action potential invading the terminal region. From the perspective of neural information processing, the capability of dynamically tuning the synaptic strength as a function of the level of neuronal activation gives rise to a significant representational and processing power at the synaptic level. Furthermore, there is an exponential growth in such computational power when the specific dynamics of presynaptic mechanisms varies quantitatively across axon terminals of a single neuron. A dynamic learning algorithm is developed in which alterations of the presynaptic mechanisms lead to different pattern transformation functions while changes in the postsynaptic mechanisms determines how the synaptic signals are to be combined. We demonstrate the computational capability of dynamic synapses by performing speech recognition from unprocessed, noisy raw waveforms of words spoken by multiple speakers with a simple neural network consisting of a small number of neurons connected with synapses incorporating dynamically determined probability of release.
The lumbar spine and low back pain in golf: a literature review of swing biomechanics and injury prevention

Abstract Background context The golf swing imparts significant stress on the lumbar spine. Not surprisingly, low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints among golfers. Purpose This article provides a review of lumbar spine forces during the golf swing and other research available on swing biomechanics and muscle activity during trunk rotation. Study design The role of "modern" and "classic" swing styles in golf-associated LBP, as well as LBP causation theories, treatment, and prevention strategies, are reviewed. Methods A PubMed literature search was performed using various permutations of the following keywords: lumbar, spine, low, back, therapy, pain, prevention, injuries, golf, swing, trunk, rotation, and biomechanics. Articles were screened and selected for relevance to injuries in golf, swing mechanics, and biomechanics of the trunk and lumbar spine. Articles addressing treatment of LBP with discussions on trunk rotation or golf were also selected. Primary references were included from the initial selection of articles where appropriate. General web searches were performed to identify articles for background information on the sport of golf and postsurgical return to play. Results Prospective, randomized studies have shown that focus on the transversus abdominus (TA) and multifidi (MF) muscles is a necessary part of physical therapy for LBP. Some studies also suggest that the coaching of a "classic" golf swing and increasing trunk flexibility may provide additional benefit. Conclusions There is a notable lack of studies separating the effects of swing modification from physical rehabilitation, and controlled trials are necessary to identify the true effectiveness of specific swing modifications for reducing LBP in golf. Although the establishment of a commonly used regimen to address all golf-associated LBP would be ideal, it may be more practical to apply basic principles mentioned in this article to the tailoring of a unique regimen for the patient. Guidelines for returning to golf after spine surgery are also discussed.
Fine-needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanotic schwannoma: familial case of a mother and daughter with Carney's complex and literature review.

Carney's complex is an autosomal dominant, multisystem tumorous disorder that includes myxomas, spotty skin pigmentation, endocrine tumors, and peripheral nerve tumors. Psammomatous melanotic schwannomas have recently been included as a part of this complex. Here, we describe the first known familial case of a mother and daughter, both presenting with malignant, already metastatic, pigmented schwannomas initially diagnosed as metastatic melanoma by CT guided fine-needle aspiration. Patients with highly pigmented, extra-cutaneous lesions that are clinically and pathologically suspicious for metastatic malignant melanoma, without known primary tumor, should be evaluated for possible Carney's complex. Additional screening of family members should be recommended to exclude the presence of potentially malignant neoplasms, such as psammomatous melanotic schwannomas. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:130–134. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Clarithromycin-amoxycillin therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection

SUMMARY Background: More convenient therapies are needed to treat Helicobacter pylori infection successfully. Clarithromycin and amoxycillin are effective against H. pylori both in vivo and in vitro. Recent success with a high dose amoxycillin-metronidazole combination therapy led us to evaluate clarithromycin-amoxycillin dual therapy for H. pylori infection. Methods: We tested the combination of clarithromycin 500 mg t.d.s. with meals plus amoxycillin 750 mg t.d.s. with meals for 10 days for its effect on H. pylori infection in 29 patients with documented H. pylori peptic ulcers. There were 27 men and 2 women, ranging in age from 23 to 77 years. H. pylori and ulcer status were evaluated at entry and at least 4 weeks after ending antimicrobial therapy. For ulcer healing, ranitidine 300 mg was given each evening for 6 weeks. H. pylori status was determined by CLOtest and histology. Results: H. pylori infection was cured in 86% (95% CI = 78–99%). Compliance averaged 93% by pill count. Ten patients (34%) experienced mild side effects: eight reported dysgeusia and two had mild diarrhoea; none discontinued therapy because of side effects. Conclusion: We conclude that dual therapy with clarithromycin and amoxycillin is a safe and effective alternative regimen for the successful treatment of H. pylori infections.
Alcohol Consumption Inhibits Bone Growth and Development in Young Actively Growing Rats

Adolescence is an age of widespread alcohol abuse, but the effect of alcohol consumption on bone formation has not been studied in the young population. This study addresses the effect of alcohol on the early phases of bone growth and development in an animal model. Four-week-old, female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Alcohol-treated animals were fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli diet ad libitum containing 35% ethanol-derived calories, whereas the pair-fed animals (weight-matched to ethanol rats) received an isocaloric liquid diet in which maltose-dextrin substituted calories supplied by ethanol. Chow animals were fed a standard rat chow ad libitum. Proximal tibiae (primarily cancellous bone) and femora (primarily cortical bone) were removed for analysis after 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks on the diets. Serum was collected for analysis of calcium levels, osteocalcin, corticosterone, growth hormone, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The most rapid weight gain occurred between 6 and 8 weeks of age, it was significantly delayed in alcohol and pair-fed animals. Almost all morphological parameters of bone were lower in the alcohol groups. No significant difference in serum calcium levels, osteocalcin, or growth hormone levels were found, and small difference in calciotropic hormone levels was found between groups. The results indicated that chronic alcohol consumption during the age of bone development reduces bone density and peak bone mass in both cortical and cancellous bone. The mechanism whereby this effect occurs is not fully understood, but, our results suggest that the negative impact of alcohol on growing bone is not due to the secondary effects of altered bone mineral regulating hormones.
On geometric properties of the decorrelator

We discuss the geometric properties of the multiuser decorrelator receiver. In particular we show that the prevalent geometric interpretation of the correlating vectors comprising the decorrelator receiver in terms of orthogonal projections of the signature vectors is incorrect. The correct interpretation established is that the correlating vectors are oblique projections of the signature vectors onto appropriate spaces. Furthermore, we show that each branch of the decorrelator consists of an oblique projection onto the space spanned by the corresponding user's signature vector along the space spanned by the interferers, followed by a correlator with correlating vector equal to the corresponding user's signature vector.
Cardiovascular changes in children with mucopolysaccharide disorders.

UNLABELLED The aims of this study were to evaluate cardiac involvement, assess risk factors and mortality, and define the outcome of cardiac abnormalities with age in the different types of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS). The echocardiograms of 99 patients with MPS, aged 1-24 y (median age 10.3 y) were reviewed between 1978 and 2000. Mitral regurgitation (MR) was detected in 29 patients (29%). MR was more frequent in types IH [n = 11 (38%)], II [n = 10 (24%)] and III [n = 4 (20%)]. Sixteen patients (16%) developed aortic regurgitation (AR), seen mostly in types II [n = 9 (56%)] and IV [n = 4 (24%)]. AR and/or MR was detected in 37 patients and 8 had both abnormalities of borderline significance (odds ratio 2.95, 95% confidence interval 1.0-8.85, p = 0.05). Of 99 patients, 47 had a normal study on their first echocardiogram, whereas only 7 had a normal study on subsequent echocardiograms. Fifty-four (54%) had a single echocardiogram. Of these, 27 (50%) were abnormal and 27 normal. Forty-five patients had more than one echocardiogram, of which 25 (56%) were abnormal and 20 normal. In 13/20 (65%) a cardiac abnormality developed on a subsequent echocardiogram which was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Overall mitral and aortic valve abnormalities showed a positive association with age. Univariate analysis of risk factors showed that increasing age, MPS I and ejection fraction were significant risk factors for death. However, left ventricular hypertrophy, mitral valve abnormalities and type II MPS were not significant risk factors for death, with borderline significance for aortic valve abnormalities. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the evaluation of ventricular function, which is a significant risk factor for death, along with increasing age and MPS I, and outlines the borderline significance of aortic valve abnormalities, which has not been mentioned in previous studies. It also shows that mitral valve lesions, commonly seen in MPS, were not a significant risk factor for death. The results emphasize the importance of performing serial echocardiograms in patients with MPS to assess ventricular function and the progression of cardiac abnormalities with age.
Demonstration of bidirectional add drop multiplexers and mixed signals in a DWDM mesh architecture

We demonstrate network integration of passive BADMs using dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM). Full duplex transmission in a fully interconnected fiber ring architecture supports analog and digital data transmission.
Partial-Repeat-Bidding in the Name-Your-Own-Price Channel

This paper presents an initial examination of an emerging business model, the Name-Your-Own-Price NYOP channel, as popularized by priceline.com. Focusing on how to optimally structure such market interactions, I ask whether it is more profitable to restrict individuals to a single bid, as is currently done by Priceline, or conversely, to allow consumers to continue bidding if the previous offer was rejected. I find that both market structures yield the same expected profit. In practice, a single-bid policy may not be perfectly enforceable, especially in the Internet environment, because a sophisticated user can circumvent such a policy by camouflaging one's identity or otherwise manipulating the bidding procedure. Thus, Priceline's single-bid restriction is likely to result in Partial-Repeat-Bidding, the case in which some consumers are limited to a single bid while other, sophisticated users may rebid. I ask whether such surreptitious bidding is detrimental to the NYOP firm and find that profits are lower than if such opportunistic behavior were absent. Surprisingly, I find that the impact of the number of repeat bidders on profits is not monotonic. Thus, if it is prohibitively costly or logistically infeasible for the NYOP firm to eliminate surreptitious rebidding behavior, the firm may, in fact, benefit from encouraging, rather than discouraging, users to rebid. The direction that increases profits depends on the percentage of sophisticated bidders.
HEATING/COOLING RATE SENSOR DEVELOPMENT FOR STABLE, REAL-TIME HEAT FLUX PREDICTIONS

This paper relates some recent observations associated with development of a new family of rate-based thermal sensors for aerospace applications. Transient surface heat fluxes are often interpreted from surface temperature measurements (calorimetry). Unfortunately, inherent time differentiation of the surface temperature data is either explicitly performed by the user or implicitly performed by the numerical method. Increasing the sample density exacerbates the problem even further. This paper presents compelling evidence suggesting that the surface heat flux can be accurately recovered using inaccurate heating/cooling rate sensors. To demonstrate this hypothesis, this paper develops analytic inversions to the one- and twodimensional integral equations governing the relationship between surface temperature and heat flux in the half space. The resulting integral expressions display directions of stability from which the surface heat flux can be recovered. That is, measuring surface temperature leads to an unstable direction for heat flux recovery while measuring the surface heating/cooling rate leads to a stable direction for heat flux recovery. Numerical results supporting this claim are presented for the transient, one-dimensional, linear heat equation. Using heating/cooling rate data, stability and accuracy increases as the sample density increases which is unlike the situation involving temperature measurements. Finally, some remarks are offered on the development of these new sensors.
Paraneoplastic Autoimmunity Associated with Testicular Myeloid Sarcoma and Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Myeloid sarcomas are rare extramedullary solid tumors composed of immature myeloid cells. The clinical presentations of these malignant neoplasms are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to localized mass effect. Here, we report an unusual case of myeloid sarcoma of the testis found in association with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia where the presenting symptoms were autoimmune pericarditis and migratory arthralgias and myalgias that preceded testicular enlargement by nearly three months. Treatment with both radical orchiectomy and leukemia-directed chemotherapy led to immediate reductions in symptom severity, suggesting that these early symptoms were paraneoplastic in origin. Review of the literature identified the association between hematological malignancies, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and paraneoplastic autoimmune phenomena with features similar to polymyalgia rheumatica and rheumatoid arthritis. Importantly, rheumatologic symptoms related to these disease entities may be easily dismissed as vague or unrelated complaints or treated as purely rheumatologic conditions, thus delaying the formal diagnoses. Clinicians must recognize the common association between possible paraneoplastic rheumatologic symptoms and hematologic malignancies such as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
POLARIZED PROTONS AND PARITY VIOLATING ASYMMETRIES

The potential for utilizing parity violating effects, associated with polarized protons, to study the standard model, proton structure, and new physics at the SPS Collider is summarized. 24 references.
Activity of Eravacycline against Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates Collected from U.S. Veterans in 2011 in Relation to Coresistance Phenotype and Sequence Type 131 Genotype

Eravacycline is a novel broad-spectrum fluorocycline with potent Gram-negative activity, including for multidrug-resistant strains. Among 472 Escherichia coli clinical isolates from 24 Veterans Affairs medical centers (in 2011), divided equally as susceptible versus resistant to fluoroquinolones, broth microdilution eravacycline MICs were distributed unimodally, ranging from 0.03 to 1.0 μg/ml (MIC50 of 0.125 μg/ml, MIC90 of 0.25 μg/ml). Eravacycline MICs were ∼ 2-fold higher among fluoroquinolone-resistant, gentamicin-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and sequence type 131 (ST131) isolates (P < 0.01 for each comparison).
Automatically creating a large number of new bilingual dictionaries

This paper proposes approaches to automatically create a large number of new bilingual dictionaries for low-resource languages, especially resource-poor and endangered languages, from a single input bilingual dictionary. Our algorithms produce translations of words in a source language to plentiful target languages using available Wordnets and a machine translator (MT). Since our approaches rely on just one input dictionary, available Wordnets and an MT, they are applicable to any bilingual dictionary as long as one of the two languages is English or has a Wordnet linked to the Princeton Wordnet. Starting with 5 available bilingual dictionaries, we create 48 new bilingual dictionaries. Of these, 30 pairs of languages are not supported by the popular MTs: Google and Bing.
Respiratory therapies in the critical care setting. Should every mechanically ventilated patient be monitored with capnography from intubation to extubation

One of the most important aspects of caring for a critically ill patient is monitoring. Few would disagree that the most essential aspect of monitoring is frequent physical assessments. Complementing the physical examination is continuous monitoring of heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation measured via pulse-oximetry, which have become the standard of care in intensive care units. Over the past decade one of the most controversial aspects of monitoring critically ill patients has been capnography. Although most clinicians use capnography to confirm endotracheal intubation, few clinicians use continuous capnography in the intensive care unit. This article reviews the medical literature on whether every mechanically ventilated patient should be monitored with capnography from intubation to extubation. There are numerous articles on capnography, but no definitive, randomized study has even attempted to address this specific question. Based on the available literature, it seems reasonable to use continuous capnography, for at least a subset of critically ill patients, to ensure integrity of the endotracheal tube and other ventilatory apparatus. However, at this point definitive data are not yet available to clearly support continuous capnography for optimizing mechanical ventilatory support. We hope that as new data become available, the answer to this capnography question will become clear.
Climate Change Conceptual Change: Scientific Information Can Transform Attitudes.

Of this article's seven experiments, the first five demonstrate that virtually no Americans know the basic global warming mechanism. Fortunately, Experiments 2-5 found that 2-45 min of physical-chemical climate instruction durably increased such understandings. This mechanistic learning, or merely receiving seven highly germane statistical facts (Experiment 6), also increased climate-change acceptance-across the liberal-conservative spectrum. However, Experiment 7's misleading statistics decreased such acceptance (and dramatically, knowledge-confidence). These readily available attitudinal and conceptual changes through scientific information disconfirm what we term "stasis theory"--which some researchers and many laypeople varyingly maintain. Stasis theory subsumes the claim that informing people (particularly Americans) about climate science may be largely futile or even counterproductive--a view that appears historically naive, suffers from range restrictions (e.g., near-zero mechanistic knowledge), and/or misinterprets some polarization and (noncausal) correlational data. Our studies evidenced no polarizations. Finally, we introduce HowGlobalWarmingWorks.org--a website designed to directly enhance public "climate-change cognition."
Differential expression of multiple fork head related genes during gastrulation and axial pattern formation in the mouse embryo

Four genes encoding fork-head-domain-containing proteins (FD genes) have been isolated from a mouse 8.5 days post coitum (p.c.) embryo cDNA library. Two are mouse homologues of rat HNF-3 beta and HNF-3 alpha. The other two are novel and have been named MF-1 and MF-2 (for mesoderm/mesenchyme fork head). Wholemount in situ hybridization of embryos between 6.5 and 9.5 days p. c. shows that each gene has a unique expression pattern. HNF-3 beta is expressed in the node, notochord, floor plate and gut, while HNF-3 alpha is mainly in the definitive endoderm and gut, but also in the floor plate of the midbrain. These results suggest that HNF-3 beta and HNF-3 alpha, in addition to their known functions as transcriptional activators in adult liver, play a role in body axis formation, neural tube patterning and definitive endoderm formation during gastrulation. MF-1 RNA is present in non-notochordal mesoderm, and in neural-crest-derived head mesenchyme, while MF-2 transcripts are found in the sclerotomes of the somites and in head mesenchyme, including that from neural crest. Studies on gastrulation stage embryos suggest that the early temporal and spatial patterns of HNF-3 beta, MF-1 and HNF-3 alpha correlate with populations of cells undergoing commitment to different developmental fates. A model is proposed linking FD gene expression with gastrulation events in the mouse.
An efficient peer-to-peer platform for large scale data processing in network applications

The corporate system / network is frequently utilized for sharing data or information among the cloud in considering interest in organizations and encouraging cooperation in a certain industry segment where organizations share a common interest. It can adequately help the organizations to decrease their operational expenses and expand the revenues. Nonetheless, the inter-company (organization) information sharing and processing stances unique difficulties to such an information administration framework including adaptability, performance (execution), throughput, and security. In this paper, we introduce Best Peer, a framework or system which conveys elastic information sharing administrations or services for corporate system applications in the cloud related to Best Peer—a distributed (P2P) based information or data administration stage of platform. By incorporating cloud computing, database, and P2P innovative technologies into one system, Best Peer provides economical, adaptable and versatile stage for corporate system applications and conveys information sharing administrations or services to participants taking into account the generally acknowledged pay-as-you-go business model. We assess Best Peer on Amazon EC2 Cloud platform. The benchmarking results demonstrate that Best Peer beats Hadoop DB, an as of late proposed expansive scale information processing framework, in execution when both systems are utilized to handle average corporate system workloads. The benchmarking results likewise show that Best Peer accomplishes close linear scalability for throughput as for the number of peer nodes.
Early-Stage Breast Cancer in the Octogenarian: Tumor Characteristics, Treatment Choices, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background Nodal staging with sentinel node biopsy (SLNB), post-lumpectomy radiotherapy (RT), and endocrine therapy (ET) for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors is valuable in the treatment of early-stage (stages 1 or 2) breast cancer but used less often for elderly women.
Leveraging geotagged Twitter data to examine neighborhood happiness, diet, and physical activity.

Abstract Objectives Using publicly available, geotagged Twitter data, we created neighborhood indicators for happiness, food and physical activity for three large counties: Salt Lake, San Francisco and New York. Methods We utilize 2.8 million tweets collected between February–August 2015 in our analysis. Geo-coordinates of where tweets were sent allow us to spatially join them to 2010 census tract locations. We implemented quality control checks and tested associations between Twitter-derived variables and sociodemographic characteristics. Results For a random subset of tweets, manually labeled tweets and algorithm labeled tweets had excellent levels of agreement: 73% for happiness; 83% for food, and 85% for physical activity. Happy tweets, healthy food references, and physical activity references were less frequent in census tracts with greater economic disadvantage and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minorities and youths. Conclusions Social media can be leveraged to provide greater understanding of the well-being and health behaviors of communities—information that has been previously difficult and expensive to obtain consistently across geographies. More open access neighborhood data can enable better design of programs and policies addressing social determinants of health.
Importance of Peptides for Food Emulsion Stability

Publisher Summary The modern food industry is being constantly influenced by the informed public and is becoming more and more dependent on food functional ingredients for food formulation. The functionality of these ingredients has to be consistent because of rigorous requirements. Milk is a good source of food functional ingredients. It is rich in peptides that constitute about 2-6 wt% of total protein in bovine milk. Normally, these are produced by endogenous proteolytic activity. However, refrigerated storage (
Laser light scattering from silicon particles generated in an argon diluted silane plasma

We conducted laser light scattering (LLS) measurements in a 13.56 MHz capacitively coupled dusty plasma maintained in silane and argon to study the spatial distribution of silicon nanoparticles and nanoparticle agglomerates. Specifically, we focused on the temporal evolution of their spatial distribution in the plasma as a function of pressure and power. We observed three distinct types of temporal evolution behavior of the nanoparticle dust cloud in the plasma and classified these into three regimes based on pressure and power. Each regime features a distinct pattern in laser light scattering measurements. At low pressures (~80–100 mTorr) and high powers (~40–60 W) we observed periodically repeating expansions and contractions of a continuous dust cloud for the first time. Dust voids, which have been reported before, were also observed at high pressures (~100–150 mTorr) and low powers (~20–40 W) in the center of the plasma. A mechanism is proposed to explain the observed dynamics of the nanoparticles. The balance between the ion drag force and electrostatic forces and their dependence on particle size are hypothesized to be the dominant factors that determine the nanoparticle cloud dynamics.
The varicocele as related to fertility

Brown JS, Dubin L, Hotchkiss RS. The varicocele as related to fertility. Fertil Steril 1967;18:46-56. "The fact that some men with varicoceles are fertile should not minimize the potentially detrimental role of this abnormality. It would be reasonable to claim that varicocele is uniformly detrimental. One might postulate that a fertile man with a varicocele would have better semen without this condition."
Pediatric mobile healthcare: opportunities, challenges, and solutions

Since its dawn, mobile healthcare (mHealth) has held promises of reducing hospitalization and administrative costs, making healthcare more accessible by enabling continuous and convenient patient monitoring, and increasing healthcare quality with instant emergency responses. While mHealth has gained significant attention and success over the last decade, pediatric mHealth remained dis-proportionally under explored. In this talk, I will begin by discussing several opportunities and challenges in pediatric mobile health care. I will then present some of our recent research results in this area. In particular, I will introduce an in-ear wearable sensing system that can simultaneously monitor human's brain activities, eye movement, and facial movement using a single pair of in-ear electrodes comfortably placed inside human's ear canal. This in-ear sensing system could benefit a number of cyber-physical systems in health care including eating disorder monitoring, sleep disorder diagnosis, and neurological surgery practice [1]. I will also discuss sensing systems that allow us to unobtrusively monitor the physiological states and sleep quality of patients using radio [2] and optical [3] signals from afar. Lastly, I will present a pediatric health care platform that aims at realizing 24/7 outpatient clinical assistance through off-the-shelf mobiles and wearables. We then take a broader look at the current and future challenges in moving pediatric mHealth results from research labs to practice.
Engaging in a Keyhole Concept for the Management of Ruptured and Unruptured Aneurysms.

Objective Many new endovascular devices have been used under the guidance of the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial. Clipping still offers higher occlusion rates, and its technique continues to evolve, resulting in smaller exposures and reduced manipulation to brain tissue. We sought to evaluate the routine use of the minisphenoidal approach to manage intracranial aneurysms in a high-volume institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our database of patients with aneurysm from October 2013 to May 2016. Data were originally collected prospectively. The minisphenoidal approach has been progressively replacing the pterional approach for managing aneurysms in our department. Occlusion rates for ruptured and unruptured aneurysms were analyzed using late follow-up angiograms. Functional outcome assessment and the impact on quality of life were also measured. Results We performed 124 minisphenoidal craniotomies in 117 patients to clip 147 aneurysms. Patient mean age was 53.9 years. Seventy patients (59.8%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Middle cerebral artery aneurysms represented 48% of the total number of aneurysms; posterior communicating artery aneurysms represented 24%. The minisphenoidal craniotomy was helpful in managing superior cerebellar artery aneurysms and 1 ruptured orbitofrontal artery aneurysm. We achieved an occlusion rate of 97.8%, with a mean follow-up of 13.2 months. Favorable outcomes were achieved for 79% of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and for 98% of unruptured patients. Conclusions Evolution of endovascular techniques has paved the way for minimizing surgical exposures. Routine use of the minisphenoidal approach for managing ruptured, unruptured, and previously coiled aneurysms is safe and provides adequate exposure with robust occlusion rates.
Characterization of microwave processed material for use as gyrotron window application

A novel approach to the design of a window for the Gyrotron tube is discussed in this paper. Material fabricated has been characterized and its microstructure will be presented.
Rotations, Translations, and Horolations

In this chapter we consider products of reflections in lines from one brush. In particular, such isometries fix those cycles that are concentric with the brush. Check Definition 20.1 if you don’t recall what a line of symmetry is.
Bud, flower and fruit drop in citrus and other fruit trees

Fruit trees usually take many years before they produce a crop. This delay is perhaps longest in pistachio (about 15-20 years) grown for its nuts in some arid areas, and in seedling trees of walnut (10-15 years). In citrus, apple, pear and sweet cherries the delay is approximately 3-5 years but shorter in plums, peaches, apricots and figs. However, the time before first harvest can be shortened by certain cultural and technical measures e.g. girdling and ringing. It is quite obvious that the first requirement for fruiting is the formation of flower buds. But, between the initiation of flower buds and the differentiation to flowers, and from the flowering to fruit setting, many physiological processes must take place before a yield of fruit is achieved. One of the most important of these is the prevention of abscission of generative organs such as flower buds, flowers, small fruit and ripened fruit.
Pyrans and their Benzo Derivatives: Structure and Reactivity

The literature on structure and reactivity of pyrans and their benzo derivatives for the period 1995–2007 is reviewed. Aspects of the structure of these compounds is discussed in the context of theoretical methods, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and other spectroscopic methods. Also included is a description of the reactions of pyrylium salts, 2H- and 4H-pyrans, pyran-2-ones, pyran-4-ones, and reduced derivatives.
Particle Transport in the Presence of Parametric Noise

Particle transport in rod and plane geometry random media is considered. The cross section is assumed to be a continuous random function of position, with fluctuations about the mean taken as Gaussian distributed. In rod geometry, an exact closure is constructed for semi-infinite media that yields exact equations for the ensemble-averaged scalar flux {phi} and current J. The same closure scheme yields a Fokker-Planck equation for the joint probability distribution function of {phi} and J, from which ensemble-averaged equations for higher order quantities are derived and solved exactly for an arbitrary correlation function. Finally, the penetration of a beam of charged particles in a highly forward scattering random medium is considered, and circumstances that yield a closed ensemble-averaged transport equation are determined.
Interpretive vision and restriction graphs

We describe an approach to image interpretation which uses a dynamically determined interaction of prediction and observation. We provide a representational mechansim, built on our geometric modeling scheme which facilitates the computational processes necessary for image interpretation. The mechanism implements generic object classes and specializations of models, enables case analysis in reasoning about incompletely specified situations, and manages multiple hypothesized instantiations of modeled objects in a single image. It is based on restriction nodes and quantified variables. A natural partial order on restriction nodes can be defined by comparing the satisifiability of their constraints. Nodes are arranged in an incomplete restriction graph whose arcs represent relations of nodes under the partial order. Predictions are matched to descriptions by finding maximal isomorphic subgraphs of a prediction graph and an observation graph [8] subject to a naturally associated infimum of restriction nodes being satisifiable. In this manner constraints implied by local two dimensional matches of image features to predicted features are propagated back to the three dimensional model enforcing global consistency.
Nickel in F430

The terminal step in methane generation by several methanogenic organisms, of which the best studied is the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, is catalyzed by the enzyme S-methyl coenzyme M reductase (methylreductase, EC 1.8.-.-). This enzyme contains a macrocyclic tetrapyrrole-derived cofactor, F430, at the active site coordinating Ni(II) in the resting state. A Ni(I) state (Ni1F430) has been proposed as the active form of the cofactor. Extensive mechanistic and spectroscopic studies have been performed on the holoenzyme, isolated cofactor, and various synthetic model compounds. These studies are summarized in the present review.
Safety Analysis of Freeway Segments with Random Parameters

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of geometric features on freeway crashes while accounting for the effect of unobserved factors likely to influence crash occurrence. The investigation was also motivated by the reality of the distribution of crashes in space not being limited to only the influence areas of the divergence and convergence segments and the weaving segments. Areas beyond the influence areas were observed to have crashes, and those areas included, data in the weaving and nonweaving segments can be clustered to quantify the variability of unobserved factors through the variance of random parameters using multilevel count models. The model results indicated that 13.9% of the variation in crash frequency was unaccounted for; this finding indicated the existence of unobserved factors influencing the occurrence of crashes. It was also revealed that weaving segments had the highest between-segment variance compared with nonweaving segments. In addition, it was revealed that more vehicles and short segments increased crash frequency while a wider right shoulder decreased crash frequency. It was also found that weaving segments decreased crash frequency compared with nonweaving segments. These results indicate that by allowing parameters to vary across segments, it is possible to capture and quantify unobserved factors. Ignoring these factors results in biased coefficients in a multilevel setting because the estimate of the standard errors will be incorrect.
A critical analysis of risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common serious gastrointestinal morbidity in preterm infants. A number of risk factors for NEC have been reported in the literature. With the exception of decreasing gestational age, decreasing birth weight and formula feeding, there is disagreement on the importance of reported risk factors with uncertain causality. Causal risk factors may be observed at any time before the onset of NEC, including prior to an infant's birth. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature and summarize risk factors for NEC. This review may be helpful in understanding the epidemiology of NEC and inform the measurement and assessment of risks factors for NEC in research studies and quality improvement projects.
Management of Short Bowel Syndrome

Short bowel syndrome is a disorder of proper intestinal function characterized by signs and symptoms of malabsorption. It is caused by multiple factors, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease and previous bowel resections. Initial management is supportive and aimed at restoring nutritional deficits while awaiting intestinal adaptation. If conservative management is unsuccessful, surgical intervention will occasionally restore bowel functionality. In selected patients, intestinal transplantation may be the only option.
Embryonic Chimeras with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem (PS) cells can be isolated from preimplantation embryos or by reprogramming of somatic cells or germline progenitors. Human PS cells are considered the "holy grail" of regenerative medicine because they have the potential to form all cell types of the adult body. Because of their similarity to humans, nonhuman primate (NHP) PS cells are also important models for studying human biology and disease, as well as for developing therapeutic strategies and test bed for cell replacement therapy. This chapter describes adjusted methods for cultivation of PS cells from different primate species, including African green monkey, rhesus monkey, chimpanzee, and human. Supplementation of E8 medium and inhibitors of the Tankyrase and GSK3 kinases to various primate PS cell media reduce line-dependent predisposition for spontaneous differentiation in conventional PS cell cultures. We provide methods for basic characterization of primate PS cell lines, which include immunostaining for pluripotency markers such as OCT4 and TRA-1-60, as well as in vivo teratoma formation assay. We provide methods for generating alternative PS cells including region-selective primed PS cells, two different versions of naive-like cells, and recently reported extended pluripotent stem (EPS) cells. These derivations are achieved by acclimation of conventional PS cells to target media, episomal reprogramming of somatic cells, or resetting conventional PS cells to a naive-like state by overexpression of KLF2 and NANOG. We also provide methods for isolation of PS cells from human blastocysts. We describe how to generate interspecies primate-mouse chimeras at the blastocyst and postimplantation embryo stages. Systematic evaluation of the chimeric competency of human and primate PS cells will aid in efforts to overcome species barriers and achieve higher grade chimerism in postimplantation conceptuses that could enable organ-specific enrichment of human xenogeneic PS cell derivatives in large animals such as pigs and sheep.
Utilizing the U-Curve Model to Assess Cross-Cultural Training Programs for Low Context Expatriates Working in a High Context Culture

This study investigated the adequacy of cross-cultural programs to prepare expatriates to work in high context culture. Lysgaard (1955) U- curve adjustment theory was used as a logical theoretical platform for discussing the cross-cultural adjustment process for the expatriates in the pre-departure and post arrival stages. Results from empirical studies highlighted that five elements that should be included in the cross-cultural training programs. The five elements of anticipatory adjustment, cultural distance, cultural congruency, modes and methods and cultural diversity training would make training programs more suitable and be instrumental in improving expatriate’s performance and completion of foreign assignments.