cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A ‘scald-like’ controlled atmosphere storage disorder of Empire apples — a chilling injury induced by CO2

Abstract Empire apples ( Malus domestica Borkh.) were harvested prior to the onset of the ethylene climacteric and stored for six weeks in controlled atmospheres (CA) ranging from 1.3 to 7.3% CO 2 and 1.6 to 5.1% O 2 and in air at 1 and 3 °C with or without treatment with 1000 mg l −1 diphenylamine (DPA) scald inhibitor. Fruits were examined for incidence of ‘scald-like’ disorder upon removal from storage and after two weeks at 20 °C. A physiological disorder resembling superficial scald was evident on fruits not treated with DPA upon removal from CA and the severity of symptoms increased only slightly after holding the fruits in air at 20 °C. The disorder only occurred on fruit held in CA and was much more prevalent at 1 °C as compared to 3 °C storage. The disorder predominantly affected the non-red portions of the fruit surface and involved only the hypodermal cells. The fruit surface affected was tan or brown and became wrinkled and sunken as the subtending cells collapsed and dehydrated. The disorder incidence was markedly associated with high CO 2 concentration during CA at 1 °C and this was exacerbated at 2.0% CO 2 with 1.5% O 2 . We propose that the mechanism responsible for the Empire fruit ‘scald-like’ disorder is a free radical-catalyzed oxidation of susceptible amino acid residues in proteins essential for cell function and perhaps other macromolecules, such as membrane lipids containing oxidizable reactive groups.
Inference about reliability parameter with gamma strength and stress

Abstract The statistical inference about the reliability parameter R involving independent gamma stress and strength is considered. Assuming the two shape parameters are known arbitrary real numbers, the UMVUE of R is obtained. The performances of the UMVUE and the MLE are compared numerically based on extensive Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation studies indicate that the performance of the two estimators are about the same. The MLE is preferred due to its computational simplicity.
InSAR observations of aseismic slip associated with an earthquake swarm in the Columbia River flood basalts

[1] In 2009 a swarm of small shallow earthquakes occurred within the basalt flows of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG). The swarm occurred within a dense seismic network in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site. Data from the seismic network along with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) ENVISAT satellite provide insight into the nature of the swarm. By modeling the InSAR deformation data we constructed a model that consists of a shallow thrust fault and a near horizontal fault. We suggest that the near horizontal lying fault is a bedding-plane fault located between basalt flows. The geodetic moment of the modeled fault system is about eight times the cumulative seismic moment of the swarm. Precise location estimates of the swarm earthquakes indicate that the area of highest slip on the thrust fault, ∼70 mm of slip less than ∼0.5 km depth, was not located within the swarm cluster. Most of the slip on the faults appears to have progressed aseismically and we suggest that interbed sediments play a central role in the slip process.
Determination of free and total gossypol by high performance liquid chromatography

Existing HPLC methods determine only pure gossypol whereas the official AOCS method determines both gossypol and other physiologically active gossypol-like compounds that react with 3-amino-1-propanol and aniline. The feed industry uses the official AOCS method, which is complex and produces results that do not correlate well among laboratories. HPLC methods were developed, using 3-amino-1-propanol as a complexing agent, for the quantitative determination of free and total gossypol in cottonseed meal, oil, and ethanolic miscella. These methods are simple, sensitive, and provide reproducible results. In addition the use of toxic aniline is eliminated.
Weak field nonlinear optical response of fermions in Frenkel exciton chains

In this paper the third order nonlinear optical response of a Frenkel chain composed of N dipole-dipole coupled two-level molecules is reviewed. The fundamental electronic excitations of such a system are, in fact, fermions, a property which greatly simplifies the eigenspectrum for multiexciton states. The introduction of site disorder does not disrupt the fermion nature and is therefore easily incorporated into a general expression of the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility.
Exfoliated MoTe 2 field-effect transistor

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are materials with the form MX2 where M is a metal and X can be Se, S, or Te. These materials have covalent bonding within the layers and Van der Waals bonding between the layers [1]. Unlike graphene, the existence of a band gap eliminates the need to form nanoribbons for two-dimensional crystal tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs). Among TMDs, molybdenum ditelluride MoTe2 has the lowest band gap (1 eV) which makes it highly suitable for TFET application. In this paper, we report the first fabrication and electrical characteristics of a MoTe2 FET, made on exfoliated multilayer crystals.
Spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity using memristors and nano-crystalline silicon TFT memories

Neural circuits based on ambipolar nano-crystalline silicon TFTs and memristive synapses are investigated via SPICE simulations. The drive transistor for the memristive devices is an ambipolar TFT with memory that could be physically implemented using a metal nanoparticle layer within the gate dielectric. It is shown that using such a device adds spike-timing dependence to changes in the synaptic weight. In experiments with action potential pairs, the synaptic weight modification is similar to biological data. Further, asymmetric temporal integration of the weight change is demonstrated using pre-post-pre and post-pre-post spike triplets. Finally, the dependence of weight changes on frequency is presented. This is followed by a discussion of applications and issues which require further analysis.
External (subciliary) vs internal (transconjunctival) involutional entropion repair

Purpose To compare surgical outcomes of internal (transconjunctival) vs external (subciliary) involutional entropion repair. Design Retrospective, consecutive case series. Methods Electronic medical record review of all patients who underwent involutional entropion repair at the Jules Stein Eye Institute over a 4-year period was performed. main outcome measures: Anatomic and functional success, recurrence rate, and complications. Results Forty-nine eyes (39 patients) were operated. Twenty-nine eyes underwent subciliary incision repair; 20 eyes underwent transconjunctival repair, both with lower lid retractors reinsertion. Good correlation was found between two masked observers in grading surgical outcome (on a scale of 1 to 4) ( r = .76, P P = .14). Complications included: three cases (8.2%) with mild eyelid retraction that were treated conservatively, three cases with postoperative ectropion (all in the external approach, two of which lateral canthal resuspension was not performed), and two cases (4.1%, one case in each group) with pyogenic granuloma. Conclusions Surgical correction of involutional entropion by reinsertion of lower eyelid retractors has similar outcome with internal (transconjunctival) and external (subcilliary) approaches. Although not statistically significant, internal repair may result in a higher recurrence rate, whereas external repair may show more postoperative ectropion, most probably attributable to scarring of the anterior lamella. Lateral canthal resuspension, when needed, may reduce the rate of postoperative ectropion.
Averting the gaze disengages the environment and facilitates remembering

When people are asked moderately difficult questions, they often avert their gazes. We report five experiments in which we documented this phenomenon. They demonstrate that (1) the frequency of gaze aversion is related to the difficulty of cognitive processing, (2) this behavior cannot be due solely to demand characteristics or embarrassment, and (3) the behavior is functional: Averting the gaze improves performance. We speculate that averting the gaze helps people to disengage from environmental stimulation and thereby enhances the efficiency of cognitive processing directed by nonenvironmental stimulation.
A Study of the Stereoselectivity in the Dimerization of Ethylidene To Form 2-Butene on Ag(111)

The reaction products formed from 1,1-diiodoethane adsorbed on clean Ag(111) have been investigated by using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and compared to cis- and trans-2-butene adsorbed on the same Ag(111) surface. Ethylidene species synthesized from 1,1-diiodoethane adsorbed on Ag(111) dimerize to form 2-butenes. The TPD profiles of the reactively formed 2-butenes resemble those of cis- and trans-2-butenes directly adsorbed on Ag(111) exhibiting a sharp peak at ∼140 K and a broad feature at ∼184 K. The surface infrared spectra of cis- and trans-2-butene are distinguishable where monolayer cis-2-butene/Ag(111) exhibits peaks at 1445, 1434, and 1030 cm-1 whereas the trans isomer has features at 1429, 973, and 959 cm-1. It is found that the surface infrared spectrum collected after 1,1-diiodoethane adsorption on Ag(111) is very close to that of trans-2-butene on Ag(111). This demonstrates that the stereoselectivity of ethylidene dimerizatio...
Selection of optimal VOC-condensation systems

Abstract With increasingly stringent environmental regulations governing plant emissions of volatile organic compounds “VOCs,” there is a growing need for robust procedures for the design of optimal VOC recovery processes. One of the more recently incorporated VOC recovery techniques is condensation. VOC-condensation processes use liquid refrigerants to reduce the temperature of the emission stream(s) to the level necessary for the VOC to condense out of the stream(s). This paper presents a three-stage technique for synthesizing refrigeration systems for VOC-condensation processes. The first stage introduces the novel concepts of stacked-temperature diagram (STD) and minimum utility stacked-temperature diagram (MUSTD). These concepts are coupled with a linear optimization program to develop the refrigeration network for VOC condensation that results in the minimum operating cost. The second stage minimizes the fixed cost of the refrigeration network by allowing the determination of the minimum number of refrigeration units that can realize the minimum operating cost solution found in stage one. The third stage allows the design of the minimum-annualized cost network (MACNET) by examining tradeoffs between operating and fixed cost. This three-stage approach allows the design of a refrigeration network for VOC-condensation processes that results in the minimum annualized cost to the company. A case study is solved to indicate the benefits of the three-stage design procedure.
Utilizing the dynamic behavior of sea ice for determining ice thickness distributions in SAR imagery

Addresses the issue of combining time sequences of low-resolution ERS-1 SAR data and tracking techniques to produce sea ice thickness maps having high certainty and low error rates. Dynamic, local thresholding and expert systems can be used to estimate initial sea ice thicknesses from a single SAR image. Next, significant features such as floes and leads in the image which have an initial ice thickness estimate of low certainty can be identified. Given these features, the authors can use neural networks to track them through a temporal sequence of SAR imagery. By observing the changes in these features over time and combining these observations with other information (qualitative models of sea ice behavior, temperature and wind information, ice growth models, etc.), they can determine the correct ice thicknesses for all features. Because they concentrate on specific observable sea ice features (floes, leads, etc.), and on specific observable behaviors of these features, they believe they should be able to study directly surface melt, ridging, lead freeze and melt, polynya formation, average size and perimeter of ice floes, and other phenomena on a small scale, in addition to generating estimations of ice thickness distributions of high certainty. >
Atmospheric mercury concentrations at Storm Peak Laboratory in the Rocky Mountains: Evidence for long-range transport from Asia, boundary layer contributions, and plant mercury uptake

The goal of this study was to test if Asian long-range transport (ALRT) of pollutants leads to enhanced levels of atmospheric mercury in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in the United States. Storm Peak Laboratory, a high-elevation (3200 m asl) mountaintop research facility, is located on top of the Continental Divide ideally exposed to the prevailing westerly winds 1500 km inland from the Pacific where near-coastal stations previously measured significant atmospheric mercury enhancements due to ALRT. Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from October 2006 to May 2007 averaged 1.51 � 0.12 ng m �3 at this laboratory, with minimum and maximum concentrations of 1.06 ng m �3 and 2.15 ng m �3 , respectively. GEM showed diel patterns with peak concentrations during daytime and lowest concentrations during late night and early morning hours. In fall and winter, these patterns closely followed diel fluctuations of water vapor, aerosol number concentration, and ozone. The patterns are hence attributed to transitions of daytime boundary layer and nighttime air masses with regional representation as daytime surface heating causes air masses enhanced with air pollutants to rise from the valley floor to the laboratory. In spring, diel patterns of GEM and carbon monoxide (CO) occurred time-shifted in respect to water vapor, aerosol number, and ozone concentrations, indicating additional or different sources or sinks. A large GEM enhancement (2.15 ng m
Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in free convection with opposing body forces

An experimental technique which utilized a Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used to measure local heat and mass transfer coefficients during simultaneous heat and mass transfer. The experimental model was a vertical, subliming surface of p-dichlorobenzene. The body force created by the heavy organic vapor in the boundary layer opposed the upward thermal body force caused by heating the surface. The results indicated that the heat and mass transfer, under the influence of opposing body forces over the range investigated, was from 10 to 15% lower than the values predicted by present approximate analytical solutions for a constant wall heat flux boundary condition.
Antagonistic and Nonantagonistic Dialectical Contradictions in Organizational Conflict

This study examined the perceived importance of five dialectical contradictions to conflict episodes for 40 organizational employees. Using a revised version of the Retrospective Interview Technique and questionnaire data, organizational employees were asked to recall important conflict episodes, coded for issue type, over a 1-year time period. Following in-depth questions about the conflicts, a questionnaire was administered that asked participants to rate five dialectical contradictions according to their importance for each conflict episode. A second questionnaire was also administered that asked participants to determine if conflicts were dialectical (antagonistic and nonantagonistic) or nondialectical, relative to each conflict episode. Results reveal that all five dialectical contradictions were rated in the moderate range of importance to organizational conflict episodes. Ratings for differences among the five themes were significant for 3 of the 12 conflict issues identified. Results from the seco...
Redefining social work for the new millennium : Setting a context

ABSTRACT Social workers began the new millennium enmeshed in a climate of change. Educators are revisiting debates about how best to conceptualize the social work curriculum. Clients are facing a wide range of problems as they confront the uncertainty of daily life. These conditions call for a “sustained, critical examination of the profession” and “our definition” of social work (Call for Paper, 2000). In response to this current crisis in social work, this paper examines the profession's primary mission, purpose, and central focus. It discusses select social influences that necessitate the continued reconceptualization, if not renewed definition, of our educational and practice approaches. The author asks: Can the profession come together with an overarching purpose? Can the profession claim to have a common base to social work practice? and What is the impact of socioeconomic forces on social work practice and education?
List decoding for binary Goppa codes

This paper presents a Patterson-style list-decoding algorithm for classical irreducible binary Goppa codes. The algorithm corrects, in polynomial time, approximately n-√n(n - 2t - 2) errors in a length-n classical irreducible degree-t binary Goppa code. Compared to the best previous polynomial-time list-decoding algorithms for the same codes, the new algorithm corrects approximately t2/2n extra errors.
A signal processing architecture for space-based GMTI radar

Ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radars detect and classify targets with low velocities. Placing such radars in the Earth's orbit can provide wide area coverage with high revisit rates. However, because of the radar's large footprint (on the ground) and high velocity, target signals must compete with extremely intense nearby clutter. Requirements on antenna aperture, bandwidth, coverage rate, and computational complexity all play significant roles in shaping the radar's signal processing chain. This paper describes a signal processing architecture that rejects interference. By addressing issues such as aperture configuration, bandwidth-induced decorrelation, adaptive training, and degree-of-freedom requirements, a multistage space-time adaptive processing (STAP) architecture is constructed.
Sensitization and translocation of TRPV1 by insulin and IGF-I

Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) maintain vital neuronal functions. Absolute or functional deficiencies of insulin or IGF-I may contribute to neuronal and vascular complications associated with diabetes. Vanilloid receptor 1 (also called TRPV1) is an ion channel that mediates inflammatory thermal nociception and is present on sensory neurons. Here we demonstrate that both insulin and IGF-I enhance TRPV1-mediated membrane currents in heterologous expression systems and cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Enhancement of membrane current results from both increased sensitivity of the receptor and translocation of TRPV1 from cytosol to plasma membrane. Receptor tyrosine kinases trigger a signaling cascade leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) and protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation of TRPV1, which is found to be essential for the potentiation. These findings establish a link between the insulin family of trophic factors and vanilloid receptors.
A study of probation revocations for technical violations in Hays County, Texas, USA

Probation revocations were examined for six months in Hays County, Texas, USA, to determine whether probationers were revoked and sentenced to jail or provided with an alternative sanction. The res...
Cell proliferation and the aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The liver is, under normal conditions, mitotically inactive and relatively resistant to chemical carcinogenesis. When rat or mouse hepatocytes are stimulated to divide, however, the liver becomes exquisitely sensitive to carcinogenesis. The heightened sensitivity of dividing liver cells to carcinogens is one of the most dramatic phenomena in the field of experimental chemical carcinogenesis and is reproducible with a wide variety of chemical agents and experimental conditions. This same phenomenon seems to apply to humans, as circumstances that produce a sustained hepatocellular proliferation in man are associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These include inborn errors of metabolism (e.g., haemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, hereditary tyrosinaemia) as well as alcoholism. A recent editorial in this Journal suggested that any condition resulting in cirrhosis is also associated with an increased risk of HCC, and this may in turn be due to regenerative hyperplasia always present in cirrhotic liver (Johnson PJ, Williams R. J Hepatol 1987; 4: 140-147). In the case of HCC associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the possibility must be entertained that chronic HBV infection serves to produce a sustained hepatonecrosis with concurrent (regenerative) hyperplasia. This proliferative state would in theory serve to increase the liver's susceptibility to environmental dietary carcinogens and may tend to increase the risk of HCC by this indirect mechanism. Until a molecular mechanisms is demonstrated whereby HBV produces a defined cellular lesion that endows hepatocytes with a malignant phenotype, it should not be assumed that HBV is a direct cause of HCC.
Frozen section diagnosis and indications in ophthalmic pathology.

Abstract Context.—Frozen sections for ophthalmic tissues require very precise indications. Objective.—To describe indications and procedures for frozen sections in ophthalmic pathology based on review of my experience and reports in the literature. Design.—Frozen sections received by the ophthalmic pathology service at The Methodist Hospital from 1996 to 2004 were reviewed. A review of the literature also was performed. Results.—Of the 277 specimens received, most were eyelid lesions (138, 49.8%), followed by orbital (106, 38.3%), temporal artery (17, 6.1%), optic nerve (9, 3.2%), and conjunctival (7, 2.5%) lesions. A review of appropriate indications for intraoperative diagnosis is presented and a description of tissue handling and procedures to obtain better results in ophthalmic pathologic lesion cases is discussed. Conclusions.—The most frequent indications for frozen sections in ophthalmic abnormalities are for margin control in eyelid and orbital lesions. At my institution, the second most frequent ...
Geophysics on the move

In the years following World War II, the developments that where taking place in the broad field of geophysics were creating such pressure that geophysics was bound to take a great leap forward. What form this might take was not established until the International Geophysical Year was organized under very competent and skilled leadership on both the international and national scene. But of all the sciences, geophysics perforce must be the most internationally minded because the Earth as a whole is the laboratory of geophysicists. Thus, under the stimulus of these three elements, the IGY was indeed an outstanding success. Its impact related to two main areas: (1) the solid Earth, the seas, the great Antarctic, and the lower atmosphere, and (2) the aurora and the environment of the Earth in space. Findings in the latter area were accomplished only through the development of rockets, satellites, and deepspace probes which carried geophysical investigations to the far environs of the Earth. Thus instead of having a radius of approximately 4000 miles, the Earth is now deemed to have a radius of at least 7 to 8 times that and is thought to be doughnut-shaped with the solid Earth in the position of the hole. The Moon, the planets, and the Sun have been brought increasingly into the realm of geophysics, as geophysical instruments and techniques have been used in their exploration.
Self-contained error-compensated N-valued memory for neural applications

One of the main challenges faced in VLSI implementations of neural networks and other massively parallel analog signal processing systems is the long-term local storage of analog information. The author presents a self-contained multilevel memory which is capable of retaining an analog value indefinitely and has a built-in error control mechanism to give the system robustness against noise. The implementation requires small silicon area and the cells are modular to permit direct pile up.
Endoscopic Antireflux Therapy: The Stretta Procedure

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is achronic disorder that affects as many as 14 millionAmericans on a daily basis [1]. GERD typicallypresents as heartburn, regurgitation, or dysphagia andmay lead to esophagitis, Barrett’s metaplasia, andesophageal adenocarcinoma [2]. Because approxi-mately 75% to 90% of patients relapse within 1 yearafter treatment discontinuation [3], most patientsneed lifelong measures. Medical treatment with pro-ton pump inhibitors (PPI) is successful in relievingreflux symptoms completely in 70% to 80% of pa-tients. The remaining patients continue to experiencebreakthrough heartburn and regurgitation despitemedical therapy, resulting in a decreased quality oflife. These patients may seek antireflux surgery,which has a success rate of over 90% [4–6]. Butsurgery and the need for general anesthesia have po-tential risks and complications.Recently, three types of minimally invasive endo-scopic therapies for the treatment of GERD have beendeveloped: (1) suturing/plication therapy, (2) injec-tion therapy, and (3) radiofrequency (RF) therapy,also known as the Stretta procedure. All are offered asfirst-line therapies, before more invasive surgicalprocedures for selected patients who have GERD.This article reviews the Stretta procedure, consider-ations for patient selection, the research data support-ing its use, and the potential complications associatedwith this procedure.The Stretta procedureRadiofrequency energy backgroundTheStrettaproceduredeliverslow-power,tempera-ture-controlled RF energy through an endoluminalcatheter to the muscle of the gastroesophageal junc-tion, by incorporating constant tissue temperaturemonitoring and automated modulation of RF poweroutput to control tissue heating. A thermocouple(electric thermometer) resides in the active electrodeto provide temperature feedback. Atarget temperatureis preselected (85 C) and power is modulated auto-matically to achieve, but not exceed, the prescribedtemperature. RF delivery results in the propagationof a circumscribed thermal lesion [7]. Collagen con-traction occurs when 65 C is reached, resulting intissue shrinkage [8]. Wound volume is reduced overtime, as fibroblasts contract and collagen is deposited,resulting in an increased tensile strength.Stretta system equipmentThe Stretta system consists of a RF generator andsingle-use RF energy catheters (Fig. 1). The RFgenerator (Curon Control Module, Curon Medical,Fremont, California) delivers pure sine-wave energy(465 kHz and 2 to 5 W per channel). There are fourRF channels, one powering each needle electrode,temperature feedback control system, and peristalticirrigation pump. The RF energy delivery cathetercomprises a soft guide-wire tip, a balloon-basketassembly, four electrode delivery sheaths positionedradially around the balloon, and suction and irriga-tion lines. There is a curved nickel-titanium needleelectrode (25 gauge, 5.5-mm length) within each
Effects of Low-Temperature Acclimation and Oxygen Stress on Tocopheron Production in Euglena gracilis Z.

The effects of low-temperature acclimation and oxygen stress on tocopheron production were examined in the unicellular phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis Z. Cells were cultured photoheterotrophically at 27.5 ± 1°C with 5% carbon dioxide-95% air and 740 microeinsteins m−2 s−1 (photosynthetically active radiation) and served as controls. Low-temperature acclimation (12.5 ± 1°C) and high-oxygen stress (5% carbon dioxide-95% oxygen) were individually examined in the mass culturing of the algae. Chromatographic analyses demonstrated a six-to sevenfold enhancement of α-tocopherol production in temperature-stressed cells, along with a concomitant decline in the levels of α-tocotrienol and the absence of other tocopherol homologs. Oxygen-stressed cultures demonstrated the presence of high levels of α-tocopherylquinone; α-tocopheron and its homologs and precursors were absent or declined markedly. These findings are discussed in terms of the feasibility of microbial production of natural tocopherols. In addition, these results lend themselves to speculation regarding the biological role(s) of tocopherols as antioxidants and free radical scavengers in reducing photo-induced oxidative damage or lipid peroxidation toxicities or both in photosynthetically active E. gracilis Z.
A family of likelihood ascent search multiuser detectors: an upper bound of bit error rate and a lower bound of asymptotic multiuser efficiency

In this paper, the bit error performance of a family of likelihood ascent search (LAS) multiuser detectors is analyzed. An upper bound on the BER of any LAS detector is obtained by bounding the fixed point region with the worst initial detector. The concept of indecomposable errors developed by Verdu is applied to tighten the upper bound. In a special instance, the upper bound is reduced to that for all the local maximum likelihood detectors. The upper bound is comparable with that of the optimum detector obtained by Verdu. A lower bound on the asymptotic multiuser efficiency (AME) is then obtained. It is shown that there are nontrivial CDMA channels such that a LAS detector can achieve unit AME regardless of user number. The AME lower bound provides a means for further seeking a good set of spreading sequences and power distribution for spectral and power efficient CDMA.
The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era

The article reviews the book “The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era,” edited by Michael B. Arthur and Denise M. Rousseau.
Stability analysis of a class of nonlinear multirate digital control systems

We consider multirate digital control systems which consist of an interconnection of a continuous-time nonlinear plant (described by ordinary differential equations) and a digital lifted controller (described by ordinary difference equations). The input to the digital controller consists of the multirate sampled output of the plant and the input to the continuous-time plant consists of the multirate hold output of the digital controller. We show that when quantizer nonlinearities are neglected, then under reasonable conditions (which exclude the critical cases), the stability properties (in the Lyapunov sense) of the trivial solution of the nonlinear multirate digital control system can be deduced from the stability properties of the trivial solution of its linearization. When quantizer nonlinearities are not neglected, corresponding results can be established for Lagrange stability rather than Lyapunov stability of an equilibrium.
Magnetic resonance compatibility of multichannel silicon microelectrode systems for neural recording and stimulation in the central nervous system

Magnetic Resonance (MR) compatibility of biomedical implants and devices represents a challenge for designers and potential risks for users. This work addresses this problem and presents the first MR compatible multichannel silicon chronic microelectrode system, used for recording and electrical stimulation in the Central Nervous System of animal subjects. A standard chronic assembly was tested on a 2 Tesla magnet to detect areas of concern and modified to minimize or eliminate susceptibility artifacts, tissue damage, and electrode displacement, maintaining good image quality and safety to the animals. Multiple commercial connectors were tested for MR compatibility and several options for reference electrodes were also tested to minimize image artifacts. The required circuitry to interconnect the MR compatible microelectrode with standard data acquisition systems was also designed and fabricated. The final design is fully MR compatible and has been tested on guinea pigs.
Characterization of an unclassified microaerophilic bacterium associated with gastroenteritis.

Four isolates of an unclassified microaerophilic bacterium resembling Campylobacter species were characterized by growth requirements, microscopic examination, biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and protein profile analysis. The unclassified isolates were differentiated from Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus, Campylobacter laridis, Campylobacter pylori, and an ovine isolate. The bacterium was fusiform shaped with a corrugated surface due to the presence of periplasmic fibers and had multiple bipolar flagella. Biochemically, the bacterium was separated from the Campylobacter controls by its negative catalase reaction, negative nitrate reduction, and no growth in 1% glycine. It was also resistant to ampicillin. Protein profile analysis demonstrated nine major protein bands present in the unclassified isolates that were absent in the Campylobacter controls. The bacterium also differed from the ovine isolate by its negative catalase reaction, rapid urea hydrolysis, and susceptibility to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Our results showed that the unclassified bacterium was distinct from the recognized Campylobacter species. Images
Predicting scientific oral presentation scores in a high school photonics science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) program

A hybrid teacher professional development, student science technology mathematics and engineering pipeline enrichment program was operated by the reporting research group for the past 3 years. Overall, the program has reached 69 students from 13 counties in North Carolina and 57 teachers from 30 counties spread over a total of five states. Quantitative analysis of oral presentations given by participants at a program event is provided. Scores from multiple raters were averaged and used as a criterion in several regression analyses. Overall it was revealed that student grade point averages, most advanced science course taken, extra quality points earned in their most advanced science course taken, and posttest scores on a pilot research design survey were significant predictors of student oral presentation scores. Rationale for findings, opportunities for future research, and implications for the iterative development of the program are discussed.
Occupational Ergonomics Case Studies to Enhance Safety and Health Education

This paper reviews the use of occupational case study projects to give graduate students in an Ergonomics and Biomechanics course hands-on practice in relevant skills translatable to their future p...
Human Flesh Search:the Word Game in the Mainstream Media Context

Contrary to the mainstream media,the discourse expression of human flesh search is abnormal,which is criticized and stopped by both the practical and the theoretical sectors of the press,however it has provided technological support to citizen's discourse expression in the mainstream media context,which led to a series of network events,improving its publicity in the society while attracting some certain people's criticism.Human flesh search has brought a new challenge to China media ecology in finding information,moral standard of media and society,privacy,supervision by public opinion and discourse power.
Competing Identities and Security Interests in the Indo–US Relationship

The United States and India have forged a remarkably close security relationship since 2000, given the previous hostility of India to American foreign policy in general. Indian state identity until the mid-1990s was shaped by nonalignment and antipathy to the US-led liberal economic order. If identity is the source of interests, then how do states adopt policies that conflict with core elements of their identity when geopolitical shifts push states to adapt to a new regional balance of power? We argue that India did this by activating parts of the state identity that were compatible with American state identity and de-emphasizing those elements that were incompatible. But in doing so, Indian state identity changed, which impacts future foreign policy choices. This case illustrates the reciprocal relationship between security interests and state identity. We use content analysis of ten years of Indian media to demonstrate that the depiction of the US–Indian relationship increasingly focused on the democratic shared values of both states, despite beginning with an emphasis on military cooperation.
Hopi Boarding-School Narratives: Edmund Nequatewa's Born a Chief

ABSTRACTAlthough reference has been made to the “canonical corpus” of “Hopi autobiography,” it is a canon little known to students of American autobiography. This essay studies Edmund Nequatewa's life story, Born a Chief (1993), focusing on its representation of Nequatewa's experiences of government boarding school both on and off the Hopi Reservation.
Addressing Behavioral Uncertainty in Security Games: An Efficient Robust Strategic Solution for Defender Patrols

Stackelberg Security Games (SSG) have been widely applied for solving real-world security problems -- with a significant research emphasis on modeling attackers' behaviors to handle their bounded rationality. However, access to real-world data (used for learning an accurate behavioral model) is often limited, leading to uncertainty in attacker's behaviors while modeling. This paper therefore focuses on addressing behavioral uncertainty in SSG with the following main contributions: 1) we present a new uncertainty game model that integrates uncertainty intervals into a behavioral model to capture behavioral uncertainty, and 2) based on this game model, we propose a novel robust algorithm that approximately computes the defender's optimal strategy in the worst-case scenario of uncertainty. We show that our algorithm guarantees an additive bound on its solution quality.
Sexual Traumatic Event Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology, and Alcohol Misuse Among Women: A Critical Review of the Empirical Literature

The current review summarizes and critically evaluates the existing literature to shed light on two key questions: (a) the impact of trauma exposure on alcohol use (and vice versa; the impact of alcohol use on risk for trauma exposure) in women, and (b) the nature of PTSD–alcohol misuse comorbidity in women. The secondary aim was to explore moderators or mechanisms of action. Findings suggest that sexual trauma may be especially relevant to alcohol misuse in women. Cross-sectional data generally support PTSD–alcohol misuse associations; however, findings from prospective studies are mixed. Significantly less is known about moderators/mediators of these relations, with the majority of work focused on emotional and motivational processes. Limitations, future directions, and clinical implications are discussed.
Satellite Repeats Identify X Chromatin for Dosage Compensation in Drosophila melanogaster Males

A common feature of sex chromosomes is coordinated regulation of X-linked genes in one sex. Drosophila melanogaster males have one X chromosome, whereas females have two. The resulting imbalance in gene dosage is corrected by increased expression from the single X chromosome of males, a process known as dosage compensation. In flies, compensation involves recruitment of the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex to X-linked genes and modification of chromatin to increase expression. The extraordinary selectivity of the MSL complex for the X chromosome has never been explained. We previously demonstrated that the small interfering RNA (siRNA) pathway and siRNA from a family of X-linked satellite repeats (1.688X repeats) promote X recognition. Now, we test the ability of 1.688X DNA to attract compensation to genes nearby and report that autosomal integration of 1.688X repeats increases MSL recruitment and gene expression in surrounding regions. Placement of 1.688X repeats opposite a lethal autosomal deletion achieves partial rescue of males, demonstrating functional compensation of autosomal chromatin. Females block formation of the MSL complex and are not rescued. The 1.688X repeats are therefore cis-acting elements that guide dosage compensation. Furthermore, 1.688X siRNA enhances rescue of males with a lethal deletion but only when repeat DNA is present on the intact homolog. We propose that the siRNA pathway promotes X recognition by enhancing the ability of 1.688X DNA to attract compensation in cis. The dense and near-exclusive distribution of 1.688X sequences along the X chromosome suggests that they play a primary role in determining X identity during dosage compensation.
Pollinating Efficacy of Osmia cornifrons and Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) on Three Brassicaceae Species Grown Under Field Cages

Until 1997, honey bees, Apis mellifera L., were used to pollinate Brassicaceae grown in field cages at the North Central Regional Plant Introduction Station (NCRPIS), at Ames, IA. At this time, a solitary bee, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski), was first employed to pollinate the crop in field cages; however, a native bee species, Osmia lignaria subsp. lignaria Say, out-competes O. cornifrons in central Iowa for artificial nesting sites erected for rearing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of these two solitary bee species for producing Brassica napus, B. rapa, and Sinapis alba seed in field cages. There was no difference in seed production for the S. alba accession, PI 209022, or the B. rapa accession, PI 278766, between the two species of Osmia. But, the B. rapa accession, PI 392025, and the B. napus accession, PI 469944, produced significantly more seed when pollinated by O. lignaria subsp. lignaria than by O. cornifrons. Because the native bee is easier to rear and maintain, it ...
Limitation of Terminal Serum Creatinine as a Kidney Donor Profile Index Variable in Predicting Long-Term Kidney Transplant Outcomes.

Abstract Background Donor final serum creatinine (SCr) is a dynamic variable and is 1 of 10 factors used in calculating kidney donor profile index (KDPI). We hypothesize that deceased-donor kidneys (DDKs) with higher SCr were likely accepted for transplantation if procurement biopsy findings were favorable and with long-term outcomes no worse than kidneys with lower final SCr within a KDPI group. Methods Using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network for Organ Sharing database, we identified DDK transplant recipients from 2000 to 2015 who received induction and calcineurin inhibitor/mycophenolate mofetil maintenance. Patients were divided into 4 KDPI groups: 0–20%, 21%–50%, 51%–85%, and >85%. In each KDPI category, long-term outcomes were compared, with the use of Cox models, between patients who received kidneys with final SCr >2 versus ≤2 mg/dL. Results A total of 59,644 patients were divided into KDPI groups 0–20% (SCr >2 mg/dL, n = 478; SCr ≤2 mg/dL, n = 14,769), 21%–50% (SCr >2 mg/dL, n = 1,592; SCr ≤2 mg/dL, n = 17,762), 51%-85% (SCr >2 mg/dL; n = 1,388, SCr ≤2 mg/dL, n = 18,024), and >85% (SCr >2 mg/dL, n = 349; SCr ≤2 mg/dL, n = 5,282). Adjusted overall graft failure risks (hazard ratio [HR] 0.88, P = .04; HR, 0.86, P = .007) and patient death risks (HR, 0.86, P = .04; HR, 0.84, P = .01) for final SCr >2 versus ≤2 mg/dL groups were lower in KDPI categories 21%-50% and 51%-85%, respectively, with similar death-censored graft failure risks. Discussion Outcomes of transplanting DDKs with elevated final SCr are no worse than transplanting kidneys with lower final SCr, highlighting the limitation of the single value of final SCr as a variable for calculating KDPI.
Chinese Red in Spring

The purpose of the current design was to combine left-over fabric scraps, extra design parts, and some new materials to make a new design.
Course, Treatment, and Outcome of Severe Mental Illnesses

An individual’s experience of mental illness can be several weeks to many decades in duration. The course of the illness is often characterized by a significant risk of relapse and may include persistent symptoms. Psychiatric treatments, both pharmacological and psychosocial in nature, are intended to positively impact the course of mental illness by controlling, eliminating, and reducing symptoms, as well as reducing the length, frequency, and severity of relapses. This chapter will address the course, treatment, and outcome of severe mental illnesses.
Multiple 'doughnut' granulomas in a liver transplant patient with CMV reactivation.

A 50-year-old man with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and liver failure, postorthotopic liver transplantation 6 months prior, presented with failure to thrive and diffuse body pain for 1 month. Physical examination was unremarkable aside from low-grade fever. There was no adenopathy or rash. A
Dynamic beam shaping exploiting orbital angular momentum for underwater structured light illumination

This work demonstrates dynamic optical beam generation using two different approaches: a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to generate three coherently coupled orbital angular momentum modes and a HOBBIT (high-order Bessel beams integrated in time) system which switches between spatial modes. By expanding the number of coherently coupled modes, a broad range of structured light patterns can be spatially and temporally controlled for structured illumination in underwater imaging applications.
Feedback in Forensic Mental Health Assessment: A Preliminary Review of Ethics, Research, and Practice

ABSTRACTUnlike assessments in other fields of psychology, forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) does not emphasize feedback. The Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, Specialt...
Intraoperative external iliac venogram and intravenous ultrasound to assist retrieval of intrapelvic acetabular screw

Intrapelvic acetabular screw placement is a known complication of total hip arthroplasty and is associated with risks including damage to neurovascular and intrapelvic structures such as the external iliac vessels, obturator vessels, and iliopsoas muscles. Retrieval of intrapelvic acetabular screws is similarly fraught with risk, and appropriate imaging should be performed preoperatively. We report on a case of intrapelvic acetabular screw placement with abutment of the external iliac vein, which was managed with intraoperative venogram and intravenous ultrasound to maintain access to the external iliac vein and successfully show no vascular tear before and after screw removal.
d+Au hadron correlation measurements from PHENIX

Abstract Recent observations of extended pseudorapidity correlations at the LHC in p+p and p+Pb collisions are of great interest. Here we present related results from d+Au collisions at PHENIX. We present the observed v 2 and discuss the possible origin in the geometry of the collision region. We also present new measurements of the pseudorapidity dependence of the ridge in d+Au collision. Future plans to clarify the role of geometry in small collision systems using 3 He + Au collisions are discussed.