cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous collision tumors. An analysis of 69 cases and review of the literature

The association of two different neoplasms in the same biopsy specimen is not uncommon and has been reported by numerous authors. Some associations may result from involvement of related cell types, however, most are serendipitous. Our study attempted to investigate the nature and types of contiguous or "collision" tumors seen in our dermatopathology service. A retrospective evaluation of approximately 40,000 cutaneous biopsies was performed, yielding 69 examples of collision tumors. Excluded were biphasic lesions of the same cell type (e.g., basosquamous carcinomas or combined nevi). Results were as follows: The most common combinations included basal cell carcinoma and nevus (14), basal cell carcinoma and seborrheic keratosis (8), nevus and seborrheic keratosis (14), actinic keratosis and nevus (7), and basal cell carcinoma and neurofibroma (4). Adnexal tumors were found combined with other neoplasms in four patients and blue nevi were noted in three additional tumors. We believe that most of these represent the presence of two or more common lesions juxtaposed by coincidence. However, certain combinations are of similar cell lineages or contain a relatively uncommon tumor and may indicate a possible link between the different cell types.
Bacterial pneumonia associated with HIV-1 infection

Bacterial pneumonia remains an important cause of treatable morbidity among HIV-1-infected persons. These pneumonias occur at all CD4 counts but are especially common as the HIV-1 infection progresses. Bronchopneumonia should be considered particularly in the setting of segmental or lobar consolidation associated with productive cough and fever. S. pneumoniae remains the most common pathogen causing bronchopneumonia. Because of the high rate of bacteremia, diagnosis may be facilitated by blood cultures. Treatment is similar to management of HIV-1-seronegative persons, although drug resistance against some bacteria may be an emerging problem. Several opportunities exist for prevention, and these should be pursued vigorously.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a 37-year-old man with normal coronaries—it is not always cocaine!

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. With the increase in substance abuse, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (MI) in younger population has been on the rise. Traditionally, cocaine has been blamed for acute MI; however, recently, there have been more incidences of marijuana as an inciting factor. We present a case of marijuana-induced acute MI and discuss the proposed mechanism.
Contemporary Jewish Boethics: A Critical Assessment

In his novel The Agunah, The Yiddish author Chaim Grade portrays the course of a bitter controversy in Vilna, Lithuania, during the late 1920s and early 1930s between an impoverished younger Rabbi and the city’s authoritative Rabbinic Council. The immediate cause of the controversy is a young widow whose husband has disappeared in combat (along with his entire regiment) during the opening days of the First World War. Because no one had actually seen the husband fall in battle or found his body, the woman remained an agunah, abandoned wife, who, according to standard Jewish legal thinking, was forbidden to remarry. Consequently, when the woman sought permission for remarriage after fifteen years of waiting, she was coldly rebuffed by the Council’s expert on such matters.
A double folded-slot antenna at 94 GHz

We have designed, fabricated and tested a double folded-slot (DFS) antenna at 94 GHz. This antenna is easily fed using a coplanar-waveguide (CPW) transmission line and is therefore a candidate for uniplanar circuit implementations. The DFS exhibits a very wideband input impedance of 20 /spl Omega/ based on moment method computations. Placing the antenna on a dielectric lens eliminates substrate mode problems and results in high gain beam patterns. Measured patterns at 94 GHz show a symmetrical main beam and low side-lobe levels. The application areas for the double folded-slot are wideband transistor-based receivers, transmitters, and imaging arrays for millimeter-wave sensors such as active seekers, automobile collision-avoidance radars and aircraft landing systems.
Activation of electroneutral K flux in Amphiuma red blood cells by N-ethylmaleimide. Distinction between K/H exchange and KCl cotransport

Exposure of Amphiuma red blood cells to millimolar concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in net K loss. In order to determine whether net K loss was conductive or was by electroneutral K/H exchange or KCl cotransport, studies were performed evaluating K flux in terms of the thermodynamic forces to which K flux by the above pathways should couple. The direction and magnitude of the NEM-induced net K flux did not correspond with the direction and magnitude of the forces relevant to K conductance or electroneutral KCl cotransport. Both the magnitude and direction of the NEM-activated K flux responded to the driving force for K/H exchange. We therefore conclude that NEM-induced K loss, like that by osmotically swollen Amphiuma red blood cells, is by an electroneutral K/H exchanger. In addition to the above studies, we evaluated the kinetic behavior of the volume- and NEM-induced K/H exchange flux pathways in media where Cl was replaced by SCN, NO3, para-aminohippurate (PAH), or gluconate. The anion replacement studies did not permit a distinction between K/H exchange and KCl cotransport, since, depending upon the anion used as a Cl replacement, partial inhibition or stimulation of volume-activated K/H exchange fluxes was observed. In contrast, all anions used were stimulatory to the NEM-induced K loss. Since, on the basis of force-flow analysis, both volume-and NEM-induced K loss are K/H exchange, it was necessary to reevaluate assumptions (i.e., anions serve as substrates and therefore probe the translocation step) associated with the use of anion replacement as a means of flux route identification. When viewed together with the force-flow studies, the Cl replacement studies suggest that anion effects upon K/H exchange are indirect. The different anions appear to alter mechanisms that couple NEM exposure and cell swelling to the activation of K/H exchange, as opposed to exerting direct effects upon K and H translocation.
Renegotiation-Proof Contracting, Disclosure, and Incentives for Efficient Investment

Disclosure by firms would seem to reduce the informational asymmetry that is a cause of investment inefficiency in firms. However, the effect of disclosure is subtle, especially when the link between disclosure and firm value is endogenous and depends on incentives within the firm. We analyze various disclosure regimes and determine which ones are effective in a model with optimal renegotiation-proof contracts. Disclosing only accepted contracts is not effective, but either full transparency of all compensation negotiations or, more reasonably, additional disclosure of a forward-looking announcement is effective. The model is robust to renegotiation in equilibrium and is also robust to changing who offers any renegotiation. The analysis illuminates optimal disclosure regulation. For example, it tells us that allowing forward-looking disclosure is beneficial provided we are in an environment that produces the optimal contract, which gives the manager an incentive for truth-telling.
Evolution of U.S. military aircraft structures technology

A survey of the major structures technology developments that have ineuenced modern aircraft design is presented. The authors’ perspectives on the key materials and design concepts that are presently driving U.S. Air Force and Navy military airframes are presented. The current focus of research and development (R&D) structuraldevelopmentresourcesandthereasonsforthisfocusareaddressed.Somethoughtsonhowtoapproachfuture designs are provided, and the structures technologies that are expected to be the focus of future R&D efforts are identieed.
Demethylation of the Human Eotaxin-3 Gene Promoter Leads to the Elevated Expression of Eotaxin-3

DNA demethylation has been primarily studied in the context of development biology, cell fate, and cancer, with less attention on inflammation. In this article, we investigate the association between DNA methylation and production of the chemoattractant cytokine eotaxin-3 in the tissue of patients with allergic disease. Regions of the human eotaxin-3 promoter were found to be hypomethylated in primary epithelial cells obtained from allergic tissue compared with normal control tissue. The demethylation of a specific CpG site (designated CpG 2), which is juxtaposed to a key cAMP-responsive element site, was significantly demethylated in patient-derived compared with normal control tissue–derived epithelial cells. Levels of methylation at CpG 2 inversely correlated with basal and IL-13–induced eotaxin-3 gene expression. Conversely, global inhibition of methylation with 5-azacytidine promoted eotaxin-3 production in association with decreasing CpG 2 methylation. In addition, the basal and IL-13–induced eotaxin-3 transcriptional activity was suppressed by promoter methylation using a methylation-free in vitro system. Furthermore, EMSAs demonstrated that the attachment of CREB binding protein and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) to the cAMP-responsive element site was methylation dependent. Taken together, these data identify a contributory role for DNA methylation in regulating eotaxin-3 production in human allergic inflammation.
An Ontology for ActionCenter-Oriented Collaboration Platforms

There is a growing number of collaboration technology platforms that support rapid development and deployment of Action Center applications -- collaborative applications that encapsulate both collaboration expertise and tools for effective collaborative work practices using the facilitator-in-a-box strategy. This strategy enables instantiation and diffusion of state-of-the-art collaboration patterns for high-value recurring tasks. A side effect of the growing number of platforms is the potential for incompatibilities among Action Centers that can reduce interoperability, knowledge sharing and reuse. We present an ontology for Action Center-oriented collaboration platforms that formalizes key concepts of the approach using OWL. The resulting ontology can reduce ambiguities and promote knowledge sharing, reuse and standardization.
Thermographic monitoring of materials under simulated reentry conditions

Thermography can be used to measure surface temperature gradients graphically, and can be used under conditions where the direct measurement of temperature at all desired points, using thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), is either difficult or impossible. The use of thermographic monitoring during a series of arc-jet tests is described. Described in this work are the issues that influence interpretation of the thermographic measurements under these conditions, including the calculation of effective emittance and window transmittance from the spectral properties of the materials in order to calculate the temperature distribution of a surface directly from the measured radiance. Comparison of the surface temperatures measured using thermocouples and the temperatures derived from thermographic measurements show good agreement. The data gathered will be used to evaluate important test parameters such as the heating distribution across the surface of a heat shield test model and at steps on the model surface.
Toward a Dynamic Model of Psychological Assessment: Implications for Personalized Care

Objective: The present article proposes a general framework and a set of specific methodological steps for conducting person-specific dynamic assessments, which yield information about syndrome structures and states that can be used to provide actionable information for the formulation of personalized interventions. It is proposed that researchers should (a) determine the relevant constituent inputs for a diagnostic system; (b) measure these inputs with as much detail as possible; (c) assess the correlational structure of system inputs via factor-analytic methods within individuals; and (d) subject the individuallevel, latent dimension time series to dynamic analyses such as the dynamic factor model (Molenaar, 1985) to discern the time-dependent, dynamic relationships within and between system components. Method: An exemplar is provided wherein 10 individuals with clinically diagnosed generalized anxiety disorder completed surveys related to generalized anxiety disorder symptomatology for at least 60 consecutive days. These data were then subjected to person-specific exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for the identification of latent symptom dimensions. Finally, dynamic factor models were used to model the dynamic interrelationships within and between symptom domains on a person-by-person basis. Results: Person-specific factor analyses returned models with 3 (n 8) or 4 (n 2) latent factors, all with excellent fit. Dynamic factor modeling successfully revealed the contemporaneous correlations and time-lagged predictive relationships between factors, providing prescriptive information for the formulation of targeted interventions. Conclusions: The proposed approach has the potential to inform the construction and implementation of personalized treatments by delineating the idiosyncratic structure of psychopathology on a person-by-person basis. What is the public health significance of this article? The present article provides a model for personalized assessment and intervention that could improve the impact of psychosocial interventions by targeting person-relevant dimensions of psychological distress and dysfunction. Moreover, the targeted nature of this model has the potential to allow treating clinicians to eschew unnecessary or irrelevant therapeutic elements for more efficient treatment delivery.
Effects of financial incentives for the purchase of healthy groceries on dietary intake and weight outcomes among older adults: A randomized pilot study.

Providing financial incentives can be a useful behavioral economics strategy for increasing fruit and vegetable intake among consumers. It remains to be determined whether financial incentives can promote intake of other low energy-dense foods and if consumers who are already using promotional tools for their grocery purchases may be especially responsive to receiving incentives. This randomized controlled trial tested the effects of offering financial incentives for the purchase of healthy groceries on 3-month changes in dietary intake, weight outcomes, and the home food environment among older adults. A secondary aim was to compare frequent coupon users (FCU) and non-coupon users (NCU) on weight status, home food environment, and grocery shopping behavior. FCU (n = 28) and NCU (n = 26) were randomly assigned to either an incentive or a control group. Participants in the incentive group received $1 for every healthy food or beverage they purchased. All participants completed 3-day food records and a home food inventory and had their height, weight, and waist circumference measured at baseline and after 3 months. Participants who were responsive to the intervention and received financial incentives significantly increased their daily vegetable intake (P = 0.04). Participants in both groups showed significant improvements in their home food environment (P = 0.0003). No significant changes were observed in daily energy intake or weight-related outcomes across groups (P 0.73). Increased consumption of vegetables did not replace intake of more energy-dense foods. Incentivizing consumers to make healthy food choices while simultaneously reducing less healthy food choices may be important.
Nature of certain discontinuities in the earth

Abstract Four different kinds of experimental evidence suggest that the seismically effective compressibility of a rock is of the order of one-fifth less than its compressibility as determined by the high-pressure method. Additional, specially designed experiments to test this idea are urgently needed. As it stands, the tentative conclusion implies that the crystalline Sial of a continental block is essentially granitic down to a depth not far from thirty kilometers. Below that shell a second shell of granodiorite or quartz diorite is indicated. At the depth of about forty-five kilometers is a major discontinuity, which, interpreted on the same basis, represents the interface between the second shell and crystalline basalt, or gabbro. According to Gutenberg9s hypothesis, this third shell contacts with a fourth, underlying shell of vitreous basalt, the thickness of which is not now to be readily determined from the wave-velocities in depth. So far as seismological evidence goes, that thickness may possibly approach 1,200 kilometers. A shell of either crystalline or vitreous peridotite near the earth9s surface is not suggested by the wave-velocities. The master discontinuity at the depth of 2,900 kilometers seems capable of at least two different explanations.
Sparse regression models for unraveling group and individual associations in eQTL mapping

As a promising tool for dissecting the genetic basis of common diseases, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) study has attracted increasing research interest. Traditional eQTL methods focus on testing the associations between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene expression traits. A major drawback of this approach is that it cannot model the joint effect of a set of SNPs on a set of genes, which may correspond to biological pathways. To alleviate this limitation, in this paper, we propose geQTL, a sparse regression method that can detect both group-wise and individual associations between SNPs and expression traits. geQTL can also correct the effects of potential confounders. Our method employs computationally efficient technique, thus it is able to fulfill large scale studies. Moreover, our method can automatically infer the proper number of group-wise associations. We perform extensive experiments on both simulated datasets and yeast datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. The results show that geQTL can effectively detect both individual and group-wise signals and outperforms the state-of-the-arts by a large margin. This paper well illustrates that decoupling individual and group-wise associations for association mapping is able to improve eQTL mapping accuracy, and inferring individual and group-wise associations.
Response of circulating eosinophils to nor-epinephrine, epinephrine and emotional stress in humans.

SummaryIn human subjects the effectiveness of 1-nor-epinephrine in reducing the circulating eosinophils was found to be only about one-sixth of that of epinephrine.A marked diminution of the eosino...
Reply to "Comment on `Equilibrium order parameters and chemical potentials in rotating superfluids' "

While we find Combescot's physical point plausible, we disagree with his characterization of the context and logical structure of our argument.
Physical activity in ESRD: time to get moving.

Studies over the last 3 decades among ESRD patients on maintenance dialysis have demonstrated greatly impaired physical performance and cardiorespiratory fitness compared with the general population ([1][1]–[4][2]). Levels of habitual physical activity are also markedly lower in these patients.
Note on the July 1960 earthquakes in central New Mexico

Earthquakes were felt in the Rio Grande valley of central New Mexico on July 22, 23, and 24, 1960. The strongest earthquake had a maximum intensity of VI at La Joya. On the basis of 28 smaller shocks recorded on a three-component seismograph at Socorro, an average epicenter of 34° 21.7′ and 107° 2.6′ W was determined for the earthquakes. In addition to the direct P and S phases, the seismograms showed sharp phases approximately 0.35, 1.95, 5.50, and 7.80 seconds after the direct P -phase.
Oil-source rocks correlation of Chegu 20 buried hill in Jiyang depression

Based on correlation parameters of biomarks and by means of both mapping and multivariate statistical analysis method, the crude oils in Chegu 20 buried hill are compared with a number of possible source rocks, that is, the mudstone source rocks of eogene located in Chexi Sag and Dawangbei Sag respectively as well as the pre-eogene carbonate located in the Chegu 20 buried hill. The results indicate that the Es_3 mudstone in Chexi is the main contributor of the crude oils,and Es_1 has nothing to do with the oils, while the Es_4 may have a limited contribution. These are coincidence with the facts that the Es_1 mudstone has not entered the threshold of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion due to its immature and the Es_4 has little hydrocarbon generation and expulsion because of its limited distribution and low richness of organic matter as well as leanness of organic type. Because of the lack of effective migration pathway, the source rocks in Dawangbei contributed less to the oils, while the limestone in buried hill contributed nothing to the oils because of low richness of organic matter and early hydrocarbon generation.
Stereochemical aspects of binding of aromatic and non-aromatic substrates and inhibitors to phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT; E.C.2.1.1.28) catalyzes the final step in the epinephrine biosynthetic pathway, that being the methylation of norepinephrine using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor (Axelrod, 1962). PNMT occurs mainly in the adrenal medulla, but has also been reported in areas of the central nervous system, specifically regions of the hypothalamus and brainstem (Saavedra et al., 1974; Hokfelt et al., 1974). Evidence that PNMT activity in specific regions of the brainstem and hypothalamus increases with developing hypertension (Saavedra et al., 1976; Saavedra et al., 1978; Petty and Reid, 1979) has stimulated interest in the development of specific inhibitors of PNMT as potential tools for determining the role of these epinephrine-containing neurons in the CNS (Davis et al., 1980; Fuller et al., 1978; Pendleton et al., 1976; Fuller, 1979; and references cited therein).
List-mode reconstruction for the Biograph mCT with probabilistic line-of-response positioning and event-by-event motion correction

In this study, we address two issues that degrade spatial resolution in PET. First, conventionally, the Siemens Biograph mCT scanner collects data in 32-bit list mode, so each LOR is defined as a sinogram bin (instead of detector pair) with axial span and transaxial mashing of adjacent angles reducing the number of LORs, thus degrading resolution. In this work, we proposed a probabilistic assignment of LOR positions (pLOR) that addresses axial and transaxial LOR grouping in 32-bit data. Secondly, respiratory motion results in image artifacts in whole-body scans. Gated reconstruction does not correct for intra-gate motion. We have previously demonstrated for brain imaging that event-by-event correction can eliminate intra-frame motion. Therefore, we developed a list-mode reconstruction algorithm for the Siemens Biograph mCT with pLOR positioning and event-by-event motion correction, based on MOLAR (Motion-compensation OSEM List-mode Algorithm for Resolution-Recovery Reconstruction). This algorithm was compared to the manufacturer's PSF+TOF algorithm. Static phantom and animal studies demonstrated that MOLAR with pLOR gives faster contrast recovery than the PSF+TOF algorithm that uses the average LOR positioning for all sub-LORs within each sinogram bin. Moving phantom and a whole-body human study suggested that event-by-event motion correction is able to reduce image blurring introduced by the intra-gate motion. We conclude that list-mode reconstruction with pLOR positioning and event-by-event motion correction can generate high quality images for the mCT, and has great potential to optimally recover fine structures in wholebody PET scans with motion.
The Epistemology of Modality and the Epistemology of Mathematics

In this paper I explore some connections between the epistemology of modality and the epistemology of mathematics, and argue that they have far more in common than it may initially seem to be the case—even though modality need not (in fact, should not) be characterized in terms of possible worlds (as the modal realist insists) and mathematics need not (in fact, should not) be understood in terms of abstract entities (as the platonist recommends). Let’s see why.
Computational Method for Generalized Susceptibility

A computer program has been developed to calculate the real part of the non-interacting generalized susceptibility function at zero temperature, as given by equation (1) below.
Teaching and Feedback

Hospitalists have an ever increasing role teaching students and residents in the inpatient setting. Clinical evaluation and management, physical exam, decision-making, high value care, communication, efficiency, and a systems approach to improvement are essential skills for which hospitalists have unique expertise to convey. For academic hospitalists, success as a teacher and educator is vital for promotion. Training the next generation of physicians is rewarding, but can pose new challenges to a hospitalist’s daily workflow. This chapter provides strategies for incorporating teaching seamlessly into the inpatient setting and a practical framework for feedback to help learners to improve.
Biochemical Characterization of the Lysine Acetylation of Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase in Escherichia coli.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) play essential roles in protein synthesis. As a member of the aaRS family, the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) in Escherichia coli has been shown in proteomic studies to be acetylated at multiple lysine residues. However, these putative acetylation targets have not yet been biochemically characterized. In this study, we applied a genetic-code-expansion strategy to site-specifically incorporate Nϵ -acetyl-l-lysine into selected positions of TyrRS for in vitro characterization. Enzyme assays demonstrated that acetylation at K85, K235, and K238 could impair the enzyme activity. In vitro deacetylation experiments showed that most acetylated lysine residues in TyrRS were sensitive to the E. coli deacetylase CobB but not YcgC. In vitro acetylation assays indicated that 25 members of the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase family in E. coli, including YfiQ, could not acetylate TyrRS efficiently, whereas TyrRS could be acetylated chemically by acetyl-CoA or acetyl-phosphate (AcP) only. Our in vitro characterization experiments indicated that lysine acetylation could be a possible mechanism for modulating aaRS enzyme activities, thus affecting translation.
Measuring Governance: Revisiting the Uses of Corruption and Transparency Indicators

Over the past two decades, there has been significant progress in the development of indices that are used to measure the quality of governance, including important dimensions such as corruption and transparency. This chapter looks at the indicators most commonly used by development practitioners, such as Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and the World Governance Indicators (WGIs), as well as some of the more recent indices. It reviews the purposes that such indicators typically serve and the conceptual and methodological challenges that surround their use. It discusses their historical evolution and the ways in which such indicators should (and should not) be used. The chapter concludes by noting that, while there are inherent constraints on the degree of precision that can be expected from such indices, more traditional approaches, such as the CPI and the WGIs, provide a rough and cost-effective first approximation that can be used to assess the severity of problems. Newer second-generation analytical tools, such as the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessments, can provide more nuanced and granular information about specific government functions. Taken together, these indices provide practitioners with a useful platform on which to begin developing reform action plans—with the understanding that specific programmes will always need to be highly contextual and tailored to specific political and bureaucratic environments to be effective.
Risk of Heart-Related Death From Gout Medication.

Preliminary results from a clinical safety trial of the gout medication febuxostat (Uloric) indicate that, when compared with allopurinol, the standard gout treatment, febuxostat increases the risk of heart-related deaths.The Food and Drug Administration will provide additional information after the
COMPETITION AND MERGER ACTIVITY IN THE U.S. TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY

In this article we examine the U.S. telecommunications industry during a period of rapid deregulation to determine the effects of a deregulatory shock on industry competition and merger activity. We show that merger activity exhibits a clear waveâ€ like pattern, regardless of the listing status of the participants. Increased competition and IPO activity following deregulation increased cashâ€ flow volatility and probability of exit while the introduction of new technology increased dispersion of economic efficiency across the industry. These changes resulted in a significant increase in merger activity. Competition also played an important role in shaping â€œwho buys whom?â€
Pirfenidone inhibits cryoablation induced local macrophage infiltration along with its associated TGFb1 expression and serum cytokine level in a mouse model.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of pirfenidone (PFD) on post-cryoablation inflammation in a mouse model. Materials and methods In this IACUC-approved study, eighty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (20/group): sham + vehicle, sham + PFD, cryoablation + vehicle, and cryoablation + PFD. For cryoablation groups, a 20% freeze rate cryoablation (20 s to less than −100 °C) was used to ablate normal muscle in the right flank. For sham groups, the cryoprobe was advanced into the flank and maintained for 20 s without ablation. PFD or vehicle solution was intraperitoneally injected (5 mg/kg) at days 0, 1, 2, 3, and then every other day until day 13 after cryoablation. Mice were euthanized at days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Blood samples were used for serum IL-6, IL-10, and TGFβ1 analysis using electrochemiluminescence and ELISA assays, respectively. Immunohistochemistry-stained ablated tissues were used to analyze macrophage infiltration and local TGFβ1 expression in the border region surrounding the cryoablation-induced coagulation zone. Results Cryoablation induced macrophage infiltration and increased TGFβ1 expression in the border of the necrotic zone, and high levels of serum IL-6, peaking at days 7 (70.5 ± 8.46/HPF), 14 (228 ± 18.36/HPF), and 7 (298.67 ± 92.63), respectively. Animals receiving PFD showed reduced macrophage infiltration (35.5 ± 16.93/HPF at day 7, p Conclusions PFD mitigates cryoablation induced muscle tissue macrophage infiltration, increased IL-6 levels, and local TGFβ1 expression in a small animal model.
Linear scattering theory in phase space (Conference Presentation)

In mathematics and physics, a phase space of a dynamical system is a space in which all possible states of a system are represented, with each possible state corresponding to one unique point in the phase space. In partially coherent optical systems, the phase space is known as the Wigner distribution, representing simultaneously the values of the optical field in spatial and spatial frequency domains. Related to the notion of "etendue", the value of the optical field in phase-space is conserved and represents optical information. The world studied by mathematical projections is a process of linearization. At some level of approximation, the structure of details collapses into an average behavior, that is the linear relationship between two variables in a system. Hence cause-effect laws that are so common in the physical sciences are also seen in optics as theories of diffraction. A common approximation in denoting phase objects, is replacing them with purely imaginary value, according to the first term of the Taylor series approximation therein. This is of relevance in theories of phase contrast (eg. Zernike phase contrast), where the object is assumed to be purely imaginary, in scattering theories such as for photomasks in lithography, where scattering from thick mask edges is assumed to be imaginary valued, or in theories of weak speckle, where the speckle is used to image the contrast transfer function of the system. This approximation is akin to the weak object approximation, of Max Born and Rytov. A phase space description of linear assumptions in scattering is demonstrated, which is sensitive to both the coherence of light and the structure of the scatterer. The method can be extended to volumetric scattering, where light propagation is simply a shear in phase space, hence all optical processes are reduced to topological transforms of the underlying Wigner distribution. Using a weak phase object, interactions of symmetries of the imaging system corresponding to the symmetries of the scattered speckle shown by theory are also seen in experiments at optical and EUV wavelengths.
Optimal Multidimensional Multifrequency Eddy Current Mixing Techniques

The received signals from eddy current testing (ET) sensors are dependent on a large number of variables. These include conductivity, permeability, geometry, and defects in the material being tested, as well as sensor liftoff and orientation. In order to isolate the effects of any one of these properties from the others, multiple inspection frequencies are often used. This paper describes novel adaptations of a standard technique for combining (mixing) the data from multiple frequencies in order to isolate signals of interest. The adaptations were designed for the optimization of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), where the “signal” is the information of interest and the “noise” is information from other system variables. For example, for detecting cracks in the presence of geometrical changes, the “signal” is the crack information and the “noise” is the information from the geometrical changes.
An Exploration of Pharmacy Education Researchers' Perceptions and Experiences Conducting Qualitative Research

Objective. To investigate pharmacy education researchers’ experiences in conducting qualitative research and their perceptions of qualitative research in pharmacy education Methods. A phenomenological approach was used to conduct one-time, in-depth interviews with 19 participants from 12 schools and colleges of pharmacy. Interview transcripts were coded and themes were identified using a modified form of the Sort and Sift, Think and Shift method of data analysis. Results. Faculty members were the largest subgroup in the sample, followed by graduate students, postdoctoral fellows/scholars, and residents. Pharmacy education researchers had varying levels of training in conducting qualitative research and some had none at all. Salient findings included that pharmacy educators’ lack of training and exposure to qualitative research was a barrier to entry to conducting qualitative research; the lack of understanding and value of qualitative research in pharmacy education impacts the acceptability of qualitative research projects in Journals and academic meetings; and qualitative research offers several benefits in answering complex research questions. Conclusion. The application of rigorous qualitative research in pharmacy education holds great potential in addressing complex and evolving healthcare problems. This work provides empirical evidence of the ongoing anecdotal dialogue that has long existed in pharmacy education concerning why some researchers are hesitant to conduct qualitative research, the challenges encountered by those who employ qualitative approaches, and the benefits qualitative approaches provide.
Oedometric Behavior of Diatomite–Kaolin Mixtures

AbstractThis paper discusses the results of an experimental program to study the compressibility of mixtures of kaolin and diatom microfossils, particularly the effects of diatomite content (DC) on...
Spelling error analysis of written summaries in an academic register by students with specific learning disabilities: phonological, orthographic, and morphological influences

Students in grades 5–9 (N = 29) with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) (dysgraphia, dyslexia, or oral and written language learning disability, OWL LD) were asked to take notes and handwrite or type summaries of social studies texts about world geography and cultures that they read or heard. This activity required activating knowledge of academic language for the disciplinary content. Fine-grained analyses of their spelling errors focused on the phonological, orthographic and morphological aspects of word spelling affected while writing in an academic register. Nonparametric statistical analyses revealed no significant differences attributable to SLD diagnosis or combinations of the mode of the source text (reading or listening) and transcription (handwriting with stylus or typing with keyboard). Students generated similar degrees of error complexity in their spelling errors when writing in this disciplinary academic register regardless of the nature of their SLD, mode of presentation of source texts, or mode of transcription. Three types of common misspelling patterns across SLDs, mode of presentation, and mode of transcription are described in this exploratory study. Instructional applications for teaching students with SLDs to spell words in English, a morphophonemic orthography, when composing in an academic register are discussed as well as proposed future research directions.
Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Cancer Post Solid Organ Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Immunotherapy is expanding its role in cancer therapy, and in various tumor types it has now become the frontline treatment. Though generally better tolerated than traditional chemotherapy, its mechanism of activating the immune system results in a unique set of adverse reactions that maybe disastrous in the setting of post solid organ transplantation. We herein describe a case report of a patient who was post-renal transplant, developed metastatic, relapsed, refractory renal cell carcinoma, and was successfully treated with nivolumab for 6 cycles while maintaining renal graft function. We also reviewed the published case reports of immunotherapy administered in the post-renal transplantation setting.
Bromism: An overlooked and elusive toxidrome from chronic dextromethorphan abuse.

Abstract A 47 year old woman presented to the emergency department for an intentional overdose of an over the counter cough suppressant. She had been seen multiple times over the last several months with the same presentation. Her work up revealed a significantly elevated chloride level (125 mmol/L, normal 98–107) as well as an anion gap of 1. She denied any other co-ingestions, including other over the counter medications or alcohol, and was otherwise asymptomatic. She was given fluids and supportive care. Ultimately, a significantly elevated bromide level was noted on a send out lab. She was diagnosed with chronic bromide toxicity (bromism) from recurrent over the counter Robitussin HBr use, which was the source of her hyperchloremia and decreased anion gap.
Synergetic effect on catalytic activity and charge transfer in Pt-Pd bimetallic model catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition

Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized on TiO2 support on the planar substrate as well as on high surface area SiO2 gel by atomic layer deposition to identify the catalytic performance improvement after the formation of Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles by surface analysis techniques. From X-ray absorption near edge spectra of Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles, d-orbital hybridization between Pt 5d and Pd 4d was observed, which is responsible for charge transfer from Pt to Pd. Moreover, it was found from the in situ grazing incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy study that Pt-Pd nanoparticles have a Pd shell/Pt core structure with CO adsorption. Resonant photoemission spectroscopy on Pt-Pd bimetallic nanoparticles showed that Pd resonant intensity is enhanced compared to that of Pd monometallic nanoparticles because of d-orbital hybridization and electronic states broadening of Pt and Pd compared monometallic catalysts, which results in catalytic performance improvement.
Transformers: Delivering Innovative Data Center High performance computing (HPC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Intel® Server Systems

In an environment where the most power and performance is needed at the least cost, engineering is always looking at how to optimize existing hardware features. This is done through system engineering solutions and optimized software. This paper will describe the concept architecture, design and development cycle of how a High performance computing (HPC) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Intel® Server System product family featuring Intel® Xeon® Platinum processors was manufactured. This was a grounds-up server chassis design with one chassis supporting multiple skus with air and liquid cooling, half and full width, & 1U/2U options all in one highly configurable system. The paper will cover the unique features including front I/O and shared cooling to start. The next section dives into the modeling techniques used that allowed to compress the manufacturing cycle to permit going from prototype to Hard Tool Chassis within 20 weeks. Using HT samples for the entire product qualification enabled the team to shift left and build confidence on product quality and reliability. We then deep dive and conclude with the Outsource Design Manufacturer (ODM) engagement and the technical challenges encountered in delivering this chassis backed by Intel’s design excellence and manufacturing expertise with processing power enabling high levels of flexibility, manageability, and reliability.
Polymorphism and Molten Nitrate Salt-Assisted Single Crystal to Single Crystal Ion Exchange in the Cesium Ferrogermanate Zeotype: CsFeGeO4.

Two polymorphs of a new cesium ferrogermanate zeotype, CsFeGeO4, were synthesized using the molten CsCl-CsF flux growth approach at 900 °C. The orthorhombic polymorph, referred to as (1), crystalli...
Anticipatory witnessing: military bases and the politics of pre-empting access

As part of their newsgathering process, journalists often seek access to places owned or controlled by the government, such as military bases. In the United States, the military has rigorously limi...
The relative incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers versus non-healthcare workers: evidence from a web-based survey of Facebook users in the United States

Background: Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic and it is essential to monitor the relative infection rate of this group, as compared to workers in other occupations. This study aimed to produce estimates of the relative incidence ratio between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations. Methods: Analysis of cross-sectional data from a daily, web-based survey of 1,788,795 Facebook users from September 6, 2020 to October 18, 2020. Participants were Facebook users in the United States aged 18 and above who were tested for COVID-19 because of an employer or school requirement in the past 14 days. The exposure variable was a self-reported history of working in healthcare in the past four weeks and the main outcome was a self-reported positive test for COVID-19. Results: On October 18, 2020, in the United States, there was a relative COVID-19 incidence ratio of 0.7 (95% UI 0.6 to 0.8) between healthcare workers and workers in non-healthcare occupations. Conclusions: Currently in the United States, healthcare workers have a substantially and significantly lower COVID-19 incidence rate than workers in non-healthcare occupations.
A review on impact of inflation on economic growth in Nepal

This study shows that there is no consensus on the relationship between inflation and economic growth in economic literature. The answer to whether inflation is generally conducive or detrimental to economic growth is still inconclusive. Various arguments have been put forward on both sides. It is generally believed that a low and stable inflation rate helps economic activities, while high inflation hurts growth. The study finds overwhelming support in favor of the specific threshold level of inflation that is appropriate for growth in Nepal. Several studies on this subject have found the threshold value of inflation to be around 6 per cent for Nepal. Inflation is harmful to the economy after certain rate of threshold. Therefore, it is necessary to control inflation in order to address poverty as well as economic growth. Policies need to be put in place to keep inflation target range around the optimum inflation rate to accelerate the pace of economic growth rate and ensure that the negative effect inflation has on economic growth is minimized.
Lexicographic derivatives of nonsmooth glucose-insulin kinetics under normal and artificial pancreatic responses

Abstract Parametric sensitivities of nonsmooth glucose-insulin kinetics models are investigated in this article. In particular, we study several variations on a model of the so-called Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT), which measures a subject’s insulin response to glucose over time and yields data useful for characterizing and diagnosing diabetes. Nonsmoothness refers here to continuous behavior that is punctuated by “switches” (physiological events) arising due to biochemical and control thresholds being crossed. Insulin secretion from a typical pancreatic response and insulin infusion from an external device (for diabetic patients) are both considered here. The presence of nonsmoothness means that classical sensitivity theory and associated numerical methods are ill-equipped to handle these models. Motivated by this, lexicographic directional differentiation and lexicographic “sensitivity functions” are used, which are recently developed tools in nonsmooth analysis. Using this new approach, we derive nonsmooth sensitivity systems associated with the considered glucose kinetics models, whose unique solutions provide local sensitivity information analogous to classical forward parametric sensitivity functions. Moreover, the theory is practically implementable and the resulting sensitivity functions are computationally relevant, as they can be supplied to dedicated nonsmooth numerical methods (e.g., optimization). The nonsmooth sensitivity systems are solved numerically, giving new insights into the model, and thus into the dynamics of glucose kinetics under the simulated conditions. It is hoped that the results here may be used to improve the design of assessments for diabetes (e.g., the IVGTT) and its treatment.
Corrigendum: A Requirement of Protein Geranylgeranylation for Chemokine Receptor Signaling and Th17 Cell Function in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Precisely controlled lymphocyte migration is critically required for immune surveillance and successful immune responses. Lymphocyte migration is strictly regulated by chemokines and chemokine receptors. Here we show that protein geranylgeranylation, a form of post-translational protein lipid modification, is required for chemokine receptor-proximal signaling. Mature thymocytes deficient for protein geranylgeranylation are impaired for thymus egress. Circulating mature T cells lacking protein geranylgeranylation fail to home to secondary lymphoid organs or to transmigrate in response to chemokines in vitro. Mechanistically, protein geranylgeranylation modifies the γ-subunits of the heterotrimeric small GTPases that are essential for chemokine receptor signaling. In addition, protein geranylgeranylation also promotes the differentiation of IL-17-producing T helper cells while inhibiting the differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Finally, mice with T cell lineage-specific deficiency of protein geranylgeranylation are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. This study elucidated a critical role of protein geranylgeranylation in regulating T lymphocyte migration and function.