cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass Transport Effects In Selectively Deposited Diamond Thin Films

In order to study the effects of gas phase transport on the growth of hot-filament chemical vapor deposited (HFCVD) diamond, crystallites were selectively grown on a pre-nucleated, oxygen plasma patterned silicon wafer. Growth rate differences across the substrate were observed from scanning electron micrographs. The deposition system was then modeled with a three dimensional finite difference scheme that employed gas phase diffusion of a single growth limiting species from the hot filament to the surface coupled with a first order surface reaction. The variations in the predicted gas phase concentration directly above the surface were adjusted to match the observed growth rate differences through the Dahmkohler number which was then used to calculate a first order surface reaction coefficient. This value was compared to published reaction coefficients for the abstraction of a surface H-atom by a gas-phase H-atom.
In vitro and in vivo effects of dimethylnitrosamine on mouse liver mitochondrial function.

SummaryThe in vivo and in vitro effects of the carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on the metabolic activity of mitochondria were studied. Oxygen consumption by mitochondria in state 3 and state 4 was determined polarographically following the addition of succinate or glutamate as substrates. The control of respiration by ADP is indicated by the ratio of state 3 to state 4 oxygen utilization (RCR), and is indicative of the tightness of coupling of the oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport systems. DMN in concentrations of 37.8 μM and higher significantly decreased state 3 oxidation of glutamate. State 4 oxidation of glutamate was inhibited significantly only at DMN concentrations of 75, 151, and 226 μM (5, 10, and 15 μg! ml). The RCR was decreased corresponding to the decrease in state 3 oxidation. Similar results, but to a lesser magnitude, were obtained using succinate as substrate. In mitochondria from mice treated with DMN (25 mg/kg ip) state 3 oxygen consumption was decreased and the RCR ...
Placental histology and neutrophil extracellular traps in lupus and pre-eclampsia pregnancies

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including pre-eclampsia, particularly in association with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). While significant placental abnormalities are expected in pre-eclampsia, less is known about how lupus activity and APS in pregnancy affect the placenta. We describe placental pathology from a population of lupus pregnancies, several of which were complicated by APS-related thromboses, in which pre-eclampsia and other complications developed. We performed standard histopathological placental review and quantified neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the intervillous space, given the recognised association of NETs with lupus, APS and pre-eclampsia. Methods Pre-eclampsia, SLE and control placentas were scored for histological features, and neutrophils were quantified on H&E and immunohistochemical staining for the granular protein myeloperoxidase. NETs were identified by extracellular myeloperoxidase staining in the setting of decondensed nuclei. Non-parametric analysis was used to evaluate differences in netting and intact neutrophils between groups, with Kruskal–Wallis testing for associations between histological findings and neutrophils. Results Placentas were evaluated from 35 pregnancies: 10 controls, 11 pre-eclampsia, 4 SLE+pre-eclampsia and 10 SLE, including one complicated by catastrophic APS and one complicated by hepatic and splenic vein thromboses during pregnancy. Intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios were observed in lupus cases but not controls. Significantly more NETs were found infiltrating placental intervillous spaces in pre-eclampsia, SLE+pre-eclampsia and all 10 SLE non-pre-eclampsia cases. The ratio of NETs to total neutrophils was significantly increased in all case groups compared with controls. When present, NETs were associated with maternal vasculitis, laminar decidual necrosis, maternal–fetal interface haemorrhage and non-occlusive fetal thrombotic vasculopathy. Conclusions In this pilot study of placental tissue from lupus pregnancies, outcomes were more complicated, particularly if associated with APS. Placental tissue revealed marked inflammatory and vascular changes that were essentially indistinguishable from placental tissue of pre-eclampsia pregnancies.
Transitioning rate sensitivities across multiple length scales: Microstructure-property relationships in the Taylor cylinder impact test on zirconium

Abstract A finite-element based plasticity model is developed for polycrystals deformed to high-strain-rates. The model is multiscale, covering from thermally activated dislocation motion on a specific crystallographic slip system ( nm ), to single crystal plasticity ( μm ), to polycrystalline aggregate plasticity ( mm ), and ultimately heterogeneous deformation of the macroscale test sample ( m ). Within the model, the rate dependence in macroscale response arises solely from the microscopic characteristic stress to activate dislocation motion. This is accomplished by introduction of a novel methodology, used at the intermediate length scales, to relax the extraneous rate dependencies occurring as a result of the visco-plastic rate sensitive flow rule commonly associated with single crystal plasticity formulations. The multi-scale model developed here also permits simulations to be carried out in stress-imposed, strain-rate imposed, and mixed stress/strain-rate-imposed boundary conditions, another advancement over previous techniques. Simulation results are presented for the deformation of high-purity Zr in a Taylor impact cylinder test. The variation in sample shape changes, texture evolution, and deformation twin fraction after the test are experimentally examined. These same quantities are calculated with the model and good agreement is achieved in all aspects. We show that without adjustment of material parameters that the thermally activated hardening model applies to much higher strain-rates (10 4 /s–10 5 /s) than the strain-rates used previously to characterize it. This model can be broadly applied to understanding microstructure-property relationships in high-strain-rate deformation processes that generate spatially and temporarily heterogeneous mechanical fields.
Photocatalysis and preparation of nanometer-sizde ZnO/Ag by polyacrylamide gel method

The acrylamide and N,N′-methylenediacrylamide were used to make a polyacrylamide gel from an aqueous solution of zinc acetate and silver nitrate. The characterization and the photo-catalytic activities of nanometer-sized ZnO/Ag were studied by XRD, FT-lR and TEM. The results showed that because of polyacrylamide network the particle of ZnO/Ag crystalline was global, the even particle diameter size of nanometer-sized ZnO un-coated by Ag was about 15 nm, and the even particle diameter size of nanometer-sized ZnO/Ag about 45 nm. The degraded rate of methylene blue was 100% when ZnO/Ag was used, and ZnO/Ag powders can be used repeadly.
Determination of clozapine in human serum by HPLC

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of clozapine in serum by HPLC and detect clozapine in patient′s serum.Methods:The sample was extracted by acetic ether/dichloromethane(80:20).After being concentrated and centrifuged,the sample was analyzed by HPLC.Results:The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0.05～2.00 mg/L.The average recovery was 85.0%～91.6% and relative standard deviations 3.80%～4.52%,the lowest detectable concentration 0.01 mg/L.The concentration of clozapine in serum were 1.22,0.53 and 0.14 mg/L,respectively at 3,7,10 h after onset of poisoned patient.Conclusion:The method is sensitive,accurate,simple and fast.It can be used for determination of clozapine level in serum.
Icing Flashover Performance of HVDC Transmission lines

Based on the data of artificial icing test for insulators, the DC flashover performance of ice-coated long insulator strings is presented. Research results show that the DC flashover voltage of insulator strings is nonlinear with respect to strings length. According to test results an experimental formula of ice-coated insulators’ flashover voltage varying with string length is put forward; and comparative tests of DC icing flashover voltages for different kinds of insulators, including DC anti-fog, double-shed and three-shed types of insulators as well as composite insulators are carried out, under serious icing condition the icing flashover voltages of different shed types of insulators are very close. The string length of insulators designed for ice-coated area of HVDC transmission lines and the measures to prevent the icing flashover are given.
Peirce on facts and true propositions

ABSTRACTPeirce maintains that facts and propositions are structurally isomorphic. When we understand how Peirce thinks they are isomorphic, we find that a common objection raised against epistemic conceptions of truth – that there are facts beyond the ken of discovery – holds no water against Peirce’s claim that truth is what would be believed after a sufficiently long and rigorous course of inquiry.
Computer Aided Analysis of the First Three Links in a Puma Robot

This paper presents an analysis of loading on the drive motors of a Puma robot. The first three links which make up the main structure are considered. The link torques are determined for various time intervals. The dynamic moments are found by differentiating the kinetic energy equations and the torque at the pivot is found by equating the static forces and the dynamic moment. The time dependent variables are derived from the global co-ordinates. The function of the global determinants are specified by the control program of the robot. The trajectory movement between two points can be specified for a minimum time, minimum distance, minimum energy or minimum stress. A trajectory of minimum time is chosen. A Bang-Bang control with discontinuity points and knot points, smoothed by a parabolic blend is used. The above equations were programmed to determine the torque on the links at various conditions. The program is user friendly. The designer can vary design parameters or application conditions to study the effects of torque on the three links.
Occupational musculoskeletal pain in cardiac sonographers compared to peer employees: a multisite cross-sectional study.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and impact of work-related musculoskeletal pain in cardiac sonographers to a large control group of peer employees with similar demographics. Background Cardiac sonographers are known to have high levels of occupational musculoskeletal pain. Comparative studies with other employees within cardiology/radiology departments have never been performed. Methods An electronic survey was administered to Mayo Clinic employees at six major patient care facilities in four different states. Results There were 2682 employees within the departments of cardiology and radiology who were contacted, and 1532 (57%) completed the survey. After excluding those who wore protective lead aprons, 517 employees comprised the control group and 66 cardiac sonographers made up the study group. Cardiac sonographers reported work-related musculoskeletal pain more frequently than the control group (88% vs 40%; P<.001). This association persisted after multivariable adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, length of current employment, and history of preexisting musculoskeletal pain (OR 11.6; [95% CI 5.32, 25.5]; P<.001). Cardiac sonographers sought medical care for their work-related pain more often (55% vs 21%; P<.001) and missed more work due to pain (35% vs 12%, P<.001). In a secondary analysis, cardiac sonographers also experienced more work-related musculoskeletal pain than nurses, technicians, and physicians working in the interventional laboratory who regularly wear a protective lead apron (P<.001). Conclusions In this multisite cross-sectional study, cardiac sonographers experienced significantly more work-related pain and missed more work due to pain than peer employees within cardiology/radiology departments.
RELATIVE EQUILIBRIA OF A RIGID SATELLITE IN A CIRCULAR KEPLERIAN ORBIT

We examine relative equilibria of a rigid body free to rotate about its center of mass which is constrained to follow a Keplerian orbit in a central gravitational field. We derive a noncanonical Hamiltonian formulation of this system and show how it relates to the noncanonical system for an unconstrained rigid body in a hierarchy of approximations of the two-body problem. For a particular approximation of the potential, the Keplerian system is equivalent to the classical approximation typically seen in the literature. We determine relative equilibria for this approximation and derive stability conditions for both arbitrary and axisymmetric bodies.
Delayed Immune Recovery after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) Is Characterized by Thymic Regeneration Failure.

UCBT is a potentially curative modality for many patients with relapsed or high-risk hematological malignancies who lack suitably matched hematopoietic progenitor cell donors. The advent of transplant approaches that combine multiple CB units to facilitate transplantation into adult recipients, as well as advances in conditioning regimens and supportive care, have significantly improved outcomes following UCBT. Despite these advances, infections and/or relapse associated with impaired T cell reconstitution remains an important source of morbidity and mortality. We prospectively assessed the quantitative and functional recovery of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 34 consecutively transplanted UCBT recipients. Functional studies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells stimulated with a superantigen (staphylococcal enterotoxin B, SEB) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens revealed that SEB-stimulated IFNγ responses by cytokine flow cytometry (CFC) were significantly lower in the UCBT recipients than in control bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients (median values of 0.99% (n=12) vs. 24.8% (n=24) in the CD4 compartment and 0.62% (n=14) vs. 6.37% (n=9) in the CD8 compartment, respectively). Despite this, many UCBT recipients had measurable donor-derived CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by 3 months (4 of 11, 44% in CD4+ T cells and 6 of 12, 50% amongst CD8+ T cells), indicating that primary immune responses were derived from the naive CB graft precursors. Immunophenotypic studies demonstrated that a higher proportion of effector and late-effector memory cells (i.e., CCR7-CD45RA− and CCR7-CD45RA+ T cells) were present in UCBT recipients than SCT recipients. The median fraction of CCR7-negative T cells was 65% (n=12, UCBT recipients) vs. 30% (n=21, other SCT recipients) in the CD4 compartment, and 76% vs. 31%, respectively, in the CD8 compartment. Furthermore, the subgroup of UCBT recipients with a ratio of CCR7+ to CCR7-negative CD4+ T cells above the median at day 30 after SCT survived significantly longer (666 days vs. 224 days, p=0.03). Finally, we compared thymic regeneration (using a δ-chain T cell receptor excision, δTREC assay) in UCBT recipients with three other groups of SCT recipients, including longitudinally assessed autologous and allogeneic SCT recipients, as well another group of allogeneic SCT recipients assessed cross-sectionally. Thymic recovery was reduced at one and three months after UCBT, relative to all other SCT recipient groups. Median δTREC values (reported as δTRECs/million PBMC) at three months were 0.0 in UCBT recipients (n=12), 12 in autologous SCT recipients (n=11), 124 in allogeneic SCT recipients (n=27), and 2150 in a second group of allogeneic SCT recipients (n=31) (p
ZAP-70 Enhances IgM Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Independent of Its Tyrosine Kinase Activity.

We found that expression of the zeta-associated protein of 70 kD (ZAP-70) by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells enhanced IgM-receptor signaling, even though such CLL cells also expressed a highly-related and more active tyrosine kinase, p72 Syk . To investigate whether the kinase activity of ZAP-70 is necessary for this effect, we transfected ZAP-70-negative primary leukemia cells with expression vectors encoding either wild-type ZAP-70 or ZAP-70-KI, a mutant ZAP-70 that has an inactivating point mutation in the ATP-binding site (Lys369-Ala) and that lacks tyrosine kinase activity. We achieved high-level expression of ZAP-70 or ZAP-70-KI in transfected CLL cell samples and compared these cells with each other and with the same CLL cell samples that had been mock transfected with a control vector and that remained negative for expression of ZAP-70 (n = 7). To examine the B-cell-receptor (BCR) signaling potential of these cells we assessed the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of p72 Syk , B-cell linker protein (BLNK), and phospholipase C gamma (PLC-γ), and measured intracellular calcium flux ([Ca 2+ ] I ) before and 5–10 minutes after surface IgM ligation with F(ab) 2 anti- μantibody. Treatment of control mock-transfected ZAP-70-negative CLL cells with anti-μ resulted in negligible-to-minimal increases in phosphorylation of these cytosolic proteins, with mean increases in phosphorylation of p72 Syk , BLNK, and PLC-γ of only 46% ± 47% (S.D), 173% ± 112%, and 73% ± 76%, respectively. CLL cells engineered to express non-mutated ZAP-70 experienced significantly higher levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation following treatment with anti-μ, with mean increases in phosphorylation of p72 Syk , BLNK, and PLC-γ of 186% ± 102%, 490% ± 323%, and 722% ± 836%, respectively, as had been noted in earlier studies. Surprisingly, CLL cells made to express the tyrosine-kinase-defective mutant ZAP-70KI also experienced significantly higher levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation following treatment with anti-μ than did the mock-transfected CLL cells, with mean increases in phosphorylation of p72 Syk , BLNK, and PLC-γ of 172% ± 94%, 431% ± 261%, and 759% ± 637%, respectively. These values were similar to those noted for anti-μ treated CLL cells that expressed the wild-type ZAP-70 protein. These results were reflected also in the ([Ca 2+ ] I ) induced by anti-μ in each of the three groups of CLL cells. Whereas anti-μ treatment of mock-transfected CLL cells resulted in negligible-to-minimal increases in ([Ca 2+ ] I ) of 0.25 units ± 0.19, anti-μ treatment of ZAP-70-transfected or ZAP-70KI-transfected CLL cells resulted in increases in ([Ca 2+ ] I ) of 1.05 units ± 0.53 and 0.95 units ± 0.46, respectively. These values each were significantly higher than that noted for mock-transfected CLL cells. We conclude that the tyrosine-kinase activity of ZAP-70 is not required for ZAP-70 to enhance BCR signaling in CLL cells.
Mismatch negativity as a biomarker of theta band oscillatory dysfunction in schizophrenia

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is among the best established biomarkers of cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia. MMN generators are localized primarily to primary and secondary auditory regions, and are known to reflect activity mediated by cortical N-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR). Nevertheless, mechanisms underlying MMN generation at the local circuit level remain incompletely understood. This review synthesizes recent advances in circuit-level conceptualization of MMN based upon neuro-oscillatory findings. In the neuro-oscillatory (aka event-related spectral perturbation, ERSP) approach, responses to sensory stimuli are decomposed into underlying frequency bands prior to analysis. MMN reflects activity primarily in theta (4-7Hz) frequency band, which is thought to depend primarily upon interplay between cortical pyramidal neurons and somatostatin (SST)-type local circuit GABAergic interneurons. Schizophrenia-related deficits in theta generation are also observed not only in MMN, but also in other auditory and visual contexts. At the local circuit level, SST interneurons are known to maintain tonic inhibition over cortical pyramidal interneurons. SST interneurons, in turn, are inhibited by a class of interneurons expressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). In rodents, SST interneurons have been shown to respond differentially to deviant vs. standard stimuli, and inhibition of SST interneurons has been found to selectively inhibit deviance-related activity in rodent visual cortex. Here we propose that deficits in theta frequency generation, as exemplified by MMN, may contribute significantly to cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia, and may be tied to impaired interplay between cortical pyramidal neurons and local circuit SST-type GABAergic interneurons.
Polyethylene glycol-b-poly(lactic acid) polymersomes as vehicles for enzyme replacement therapy.

Aim Polymersomes are created to deliver an enzyme-based therapy to the brain in lysosomal storage disease patients. Materials & methods Polymersomes are formed via the injection method using poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) (PEGPLA) and bound to apolipoprotein E, to create a brain-targeted delivery vehicle. Results Polymersomes have a smallest average diameter of 145 ± 21 nm and encapsulate β-galactosidase at 72.0 ± 12.2% efficiency. PEGPLA polymersomes demonstrate limited release at physiologic pH (7.4), with a burst release at the acidic pH (4.8) of the lysosome. PEGPLA polymersomes facilitate delivery of active β-galactosidase to an in vitro model of GM1 gangliosidosis. Conclusion The foundation has been laid for testing of PEGPLA polymersomes to deliver enzymatic treatments to the brain in lysosomal storage disorders for the first time.
Stochastic Analysis of Reactive Solute Transport in Heterogeneous, Fractured Porous Media: A Dual-Permeability Approach

A nonlocal, first-order, Eulerian stochastic theory is developed for reactive chemical transport in a heterogeneous, fractured porous medium. A dual-permeability model is adopted to describe the flow and transport in the medium, where the solute convection and dispersion in the matrix are considered. The chemical is under linear nonequilibrium sorption and first-order degradation. The hydraulic conductivities, sorption coefficients, degradation rates in both fracture and matrix regions, and interregional mass transfer coefficient are all assumed to be random variables. The resultant theory for mean concentrations in both regions is nonlocal in space and time. Under spatial Fourier and temporal Laplace transforms, the mean concentrations are explicitly expressed. The transformed results are then numerically inverted to the real space via Fast Fourier Transform method. The theory developed in this study generalizes the stochastic studies for a reactive chemical transport in a one-domain flow field (Hu et al., 1997a) and in a mobile/immobile flow field (Huang and Hu, 2001). In comparison with one-domain transport, the dual-permeability model predicts a larger second moment in the longitudinal direction, but smaller one in the transverse direction. In addition, various simplification assumptions have been made based on the general solution. The validity of these assumptions has been tested via the spatial moments of the mean concentration in both fracture and matrix regions.
Immune response, glucose metabolism, and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium

One hundred twenty-five Angus crossbred steers (215 +/- 2 kg initial BW) were blocked by weight and assigned to pens. Pens were randomly assigned to treatment (six pens/treatment). Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cr), 2) CrCl3, 3) high-Cr yeast, or 4) Cr nicotinic acid complex. Chromium was added to provide .4 mg of supplemental Cr/kg of DM. Steers were fed diets containing 90% corn silage (DM basis) and 10% soybean meal-mineral-vitamin supplement. Steers were allowed to consume the diets on an ad libitum basis during the 56-d study. Performance was not affected by treatment. On d 52, steers supplemented with high-Cr yeast had a greater response to an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutin (PHA) for 8 h after injection than control steers (P < .10) or those supplemented with CrCl3 (P < .05) or Cr nicotinic acid (P < .05). Peripheral lymphocytes from steers supplemented with Cr nicotinic acid had a greater (P < .05) blastogenic response to 12.5 micrograms PHA/mL than lymphocytes from steers supplemented with CrCl3. After an i.v. infusion of glucose (.25 g of glucose/kg BW), plasma glucose tended (P < .11) to decrease at a faster rate from 15 to 45 min after infusion in steers fed Cr nicotinic acid. Steers supplemented with Cr nicotinic acid had greater (P < .05) serum insulin 15 and 30 min after infusion than those supplemented with CrCl3 and high-Cr yeast. Controls had lower serum insulin than those supplemented with Cr nicotinic acid 30 min after infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Postcolonial Theory in the Arab World: Belated Engagements and Limits

I take the belated and confused response to Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978) as due not only to the pretentious “verbosity” of the first translation, but also to objective circumstances of a political and ideological nature. Frantz Fanon, for instance, made a significant belated presence in the 1960s through translation and ultimate appeal to the rising critique of the national elite thereafter. Gramsci was already known among the Left. Not so is the case with Orientalism. The confusion surrounding the term, the distrust of the West, and the affiliation of prominent Arabists and Orientalists in Arabic language societies in Damascus and Cairo and their significant contributions to the study of Arabic added another dimension to a blurred picture. As noticed by some scholars, the much deferred application of Said’s contrapuntal cultural criticism rather than his postcolonial drive, speaks of a different politics. Largely but not solely indebted to Marxist theory, this liberatory politics in gender, race and ...
Examining the contraceptive decisions of young, HIV-infected women: A qualitative study.

ABSTRACTThis study qualitatively examined factors that influenced contraceptive choices in a sample of young, HIV-infected women. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted among 30 vertically and horizontally HIV-infected women (n = 26 African American) from the ages of 14 to 24 years (Mean age = 20.9 years). We recruited sample groups with the following characteristics: (a) current contraceptive/condom use with ≥1 child (n = 11); (b) current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n = 12); and (c) no current contraceptive/condom use with no children (n = 7). A semi-structured interview guide was used to ask participants about factors influencing past and current contraceptive choices. Individual interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim; analyses to identify core themes were informed by the Grounded Theoretical approach. Young, HIV-infected women did not identify their HIV serostatus or disease-related concerns as influential in their contraceptive decisions. However, they rep...
Supplementation with macular carotenoids improves visual performance of transgenic mice

Carotenoid supplementation can improve human visual performance, but there is still no validated rodent model to test their effects on visual function in laboratory animals. We recently showed that mice deficient in β-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) and/or β-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) enzymes can accumulate carotenoids in their retinas, allowing us to investigate the effects of carotenoids on the visual performance of mice. Using OptoMotry, a device to measure visual function in rodents, we examined the effect of zeaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene on visual performance of various BCO knockout mice. We then transgenically expressed the human zeaxanthin-binding protein GSTP1 (hGSTP1) in the rods of bco2-/- mice to examine if delivering more zeaxanthin to retina will improve their visual function further. The visual performance of bco2-/- mice fed with zeaxanthin or lutein was significantly improved relative to control mice fed with placebo beadlets. β-Carotene had no significant effect in bco2-/- mice but modestly improved cone visual function of bco1-/- mice. Expression of hGSTP1 in the rods of bco2-/-mice resulted in a 40% increase of retinal zeaxanthin and further improvement of visual performance. This work demonstrates that these "macular pigment mice" may serve as animal models to study carotenoid function in the retina.
The address matching method of malfunction service worksheet of power customers based on standard address base

Processing methods stay at the manual processing level, which is inefficient. By analyzing the address of 95598 worksheet of power customers, a standard address base structure and matching rules for storing standard data sets are established, and a matching method of 95598 incident worksheet of power customers based on standard address base is proposed. Drawing on the segment of standard address base, the method also defines the maximum length of the forward matching algorithm and can match along the self-defined address matching rules. It reduces the number of matches between the address to be matched and the standard data set, decreases the target data set used in the next participle, and improves the matching efficiency. In addition, by defining ambiguous addresses and expanding the rule tree, the matching success rate of the addresses to be matched and the flexibility of system implementation are improved
Forgiveness in Spite of Denial, Revisionism, and Injustice

This chapter focuses on how to forgive in the presence of denial, revisionism, and injustice. In particular, it addresses coping with the denial of the Ottoman-Turkish Genocide of the Armenians. Additionally, two cases are presented to illustrate the challenge of forgiveness and how, when governmental denial exists, the practice of forgiveness is not only a challenge, but an unending process. A seven-step Biopsychosocial and Eco Spiritual Model is presented as the approach used for transforming anger, hatred, and resentment into forgiveness, in both individual and group settings (Kalayjian, 2002). Since 1989, this model has been applied worldwide in more than 20 post-disaster humanitarian outreach projects, as part of the Mental Health Outreach Programs (MHOP) organized by this author. It is distilled here into its most essential form. However, it can be adapted for application in a wide range of situations.
Essential Elements of the Assessment Process

The commitment to early intervention for handicapped infants and young children is reflected in the rapid growth of a variety of home- and center-based programs in recent years. Although the need for such programs has been established, documentation has been more difficult to achieve. Central to these problems has been the fact that the assessment instruments and procedures have been less than adequate to meet the unique demands of an immature population with limited functional skills that are often confounded by sensory and motor impairments. The special assessment problems associated with early intevention have been elaborated in a number of contributions to the literature (Bricker, 1978; Simeonsson, Huntington, & Parse, 1980). Although these assessments problems have had a negative effect in complicating the documentation of early intervention effects, they have had a positive effect in highlighting the need for alternative assessment instruments and procedures in broad (Bricker, 1978) as well as specific (Cicchetti & Sroufe, 1976) domains of development. Given this context, the purpose of this chapter is to (a) define the role of assessment with handicapped infants and young children, (b) discuss the particular problem of population variability in assessment, (c) review several models for specifying child characteristics; and (d) propose elements of an assessment approach for describing children in terms of their functional capabilities.
A song in praise of peptide palindromes

Peptide palindromes are invariably found in all proteins, and long palindromes exceeding 10 residues in length are not rare. They are particularly abundant in DNA-binding proteins such as H1 histone. When a complementary strand of the coding sequence is translatable being free of a chain terminator, a complementary protein encode by it becomes equally abundant in peptide palindromes. The simultaneous musical transformation of both strands of mouse H1 histone variety-1 DNA enable us to appreciate the symmetrical beauty of successive palindromes appearing in both H1 histone and its complementary protein.
Management of generalized gingival enlargement in a dog--case report and literature review.

The present report describes treatment of a dog with generalized gingival enlargement and serves as a review of etiology and treatment options for this condition. The combined use of scalpel blade, electrosurgical equipment, and a 12-fluted bur on a high-speed handpiece with water irrigation allowed for accurate excision of excess gingival tissue and contouring of remaining gingiva. Surgery coupled with professional dental cleaning periodontal therapy can decrease the recurrence of this condition. In addition, home oral hygiene is an important component of the treatment plan. The history of patients with gingival enlargement should be reviewed carefully, including drug history and previous medical conditions, in an attempt to elucidate a specific cause and thus allow for greater long-term success.
Exposing hidden performance opportunities in high performance GPU applications

Leadership class systems with nodes containing many-core accelerators, such as GPUs, have the potential to increase the performance of applications. Effectively exploiting the parallelism provided by many-core accelerators requires developers to identify where accelerator parallelization would provide benefit and ensuring efficient interaction between the CPU and accelerator. In the abstract, these issues appear straightforward and well understood. However, we have found that significant untapped performance opportunities exist in these areas even in well-known, heavily optimized, real world applications created by experienced GPU developers. These untapped performance opportunities exist because accelerated libraries can create unexpected synchronization delay and memory transfer requests, interaction between accelerated libraries can cause unexpected inefficiencies when combined, and vectorization opportunities can be hidden by the structure of the program. In applications we have studied (Qball, QBox, Hoomd-blue, LAMMPs, and cuIBM), exploiting these opportunities resulted in reduction of their execution time by 18%-87%. In this work, we provide concrete evidence of the existence and impact that these performance issues have on real world applications today. We characterize the missed performance opportunities we have identified by their underlying cause and describe a preliminary design of detection methods that can be used by performance tools to identify these missed opportunities.
Effects of intravenous test dose epinephrine on fetal sheep during acute fetal stress and acidosis.

Small IV doses of epinephrine (epi; 5.0-20.0 μg), similar to those advocated for epidural test dosing, cause a significant though transient (3 minutes) reduction in uterine blood flow in pregnant ewes but no subsequent adverse effect on the mature, unstressed fetus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects on the mature fetus of a maternal IV test dose of 12.5 mg bupivacaine and 50.0 μg fentanyl with or without 16.5 μg epi in the presence of acute placental insufficiency and fetal asphyxia. Two minutes after dosing and for 15 minutes thereafter, no changes were observed in maternal heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) or arterial blood gas values and catecholamine concentrations other than a statistically significant doubling in epi levels after epi dosing. Mildly (mean arterial pH, 7.23) and severely (mean pH, 6.87) acidotic fetuses differed with respect to arterial pO2, pCO2 and catecholamine values, but in neither group were any changes observed after maternal dosing. Under the conditions of acute fetal stress and acidosis produced in this experiment, inclusion of epi 16.5 μg in an epidural test dose does not significantly affect the HR, MAP, aortic flow, blood gases or catecholamine levels of the mature fetal sheep when injected intravenously.
A Prospective Study of Dairy-Food Intake and Early Menopause

Early natural menopause, the cessation of ovarian function prior to age 45 years, affects approximately 10% of women and increases risk of cardiovascular disease and other adverse conditions. Laboratory evidence suggests a potential role of dairy foods in the ovarian aging process; however, no prior epidemiologic studies have evaluated how dairy-food intake is associated with risk of early menopause. We therefore evaluated how intakes of total, low-fat, high-fat, and individual dairy foods were associated with early menopause in Nurses' Health Study II. Women who were premenopausal at the start of follow-up in 1991 were followed until 2011 for early menopause. Food frequency questionnaires were used to assess dietary intake. In Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for age, smoking, and other factors, total baseline dairy-food intake of ≥4 servings/day versus <4 servings/week was associated with 23% lower risk of early menopause (hazard ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval: 0.64, 0.93; P for trend = 0.08). Associations appeared to be limited to low-fat dairy foods (for ≥2 servings/day vs. <3 servings/month, hazard ratio = 0.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.01; P for trend = 0.02), whereas high-fat dairy-food intake was not associated with early menopause. Low-fat dairy foods may represent a modifiable risk factor for reducing risk of early menopause among premenopausal women.
VirtSense: Virtualize Sensing through ARM TrustZone on Internet-of-Things

Internet-of-Things (IoTs) are becoming more and more popular in our life. IoT devices are generally designed for sensing or actuation purposes. However, the current sensing system on IoT devices lacks the understanding of sensing needs, which diminishes the sensing flexibility, isolation, and security when multiple sensing applications need to use sensor resources. In this work, we propose VirtSense, an ARM TrustZone based virtual sensing system, to provide each sensing application a virtual sensor instance, which further enables a safe, flexible and isolated sensing environment on the IoT devices. Our preliminary results show that VirtSense: 1) can provide virtual sensor instance for each sensing application so that the sensing needs of each application will be satisfied without affecting others; 2) is able to enforce access control policy even under an untrusted environment.
How Should Clinicians Respond When Patients Are Influenced by Celebrities’ Cancer Stories?

Despite the prodigious medical literature on cancer care, some patients rely on celebrity narratives as frameworks for understanding their experiences of cancer and as benchmarks for decision making. Regardless of whether these narratives are appropriate sources of health information for patients, it has been shown that celebrity narratives influence patterns of care. Three cases-John McCain, Angelina Jolie, and Jimmy Carter-are presented to illustrate how media coverage of cancer can have unforeseen consequences on individual patients exposed to these kinds of stories. For this reason, clinicians should become familiar with these narratives and comfortable with discussing how celebrity narratives can shape patients' views and decisions.
The Regression Effect

Amathematics supervisor in a large U.S. city got a grant to improve mathematics education. She tested all students and placed those with the lowest achievement scores in a special program. After a year, she retested them and was gratified to see that the students in the special program improved in comparison with the rest of the students.
Multi-electron Reduction Capacity and Multiple Binding Pockets in Metal–Organic Redox Assembly at Surfaces

Metal-ligand complexation at surfaces utilizing redox-active ligands has been demonstrated to produce uniform single-site metals centers in regular coordination networks. Two key design considerations are the electron storage capacity of the ligand and the metal-coordinating pockets on the ligand. In an effort to move toward greater complexity in the systems, particularly dinuclear metal centers, we designed and synthesized tetraethyltetra-aza-anthraquinone, TAAQ, which has superior electron storage capabilities and four ligating pockets in a diverging geometry. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the free ligand demonstrate its ability to undergo up to a four-electron reduction. Solution-based studies with an analogous ligand, diethyldi-aza-anthraquinone, demonstrate these redox capabilities in a molecular environment. Surface studies conducted on the Au(111) surface demonstrate TAAQ's ability to complex with Fe. This complexation can be observed at different stoichiometric ratios of Fe:TAAQ as Fe 2p core level shifts in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments confirmed the formation of metal-organic coordination structures. The striking feature of these structures is their irregularity, which indicates the presence of multiple local binding motifs. Density functional theory calculations confirm several energetically accessible Fe:TAAQ isomers, which accounts for the non-uniformity of the chains.
Neurosurgery for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

The term stroke refers to damage of the brain parenchyma which can be secondary to occlusion of a blood vessel causing ischemia (ischemic stroke) or to extravasation of blood outside the confines of the vascular system (hemorrhagic stroke). Patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke may require a variety of medical or interventional management strategies, including mechanical clot retrieval, carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting, bypass, or decompressive craniotomy. Patients presenting with hemorrhagic stroke secondary to a ruptured vascular lesion may require more extensive management of both the hemorrhage and the lesion. In this chapter, we summarize the most common clinical presentations of patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and briefly describe modern therapeutic modalities for the most common pathologies.
Survival and Resilience of Female Street Children Experiencing Sexual Violence in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study.

The goal of this exploratory study was to inspect and comprehend the phenomenon of female street children who left their homes and came to the streets for survival. The study explored any violent e...
Psychometric and Pragmatic Properties of Social Risk Screening Tools: A Systematic Review.

Context Health systems increasingly are exploring implementation of standardized social risk assessments. Implementation requires screening tools both with evidence of validity and reliability (psychometric properties) and that are low cost, easy to administer, readable, and brief (pragmatic properties). These properties for social risk assessment tools are not well understood and could help guide selection of assessment tools and future research. Evidence acquisition The systematic review was conducted during 2018 and included literature from PubMed and CINAHL published between 2000 and May 18, 2018. Included studies were based in the U.S., included tools that addressed at least 2 social risk factors (economic stability, education, social and community context, healthcare access, neighborhood and physical environment, or food), and were administered in a clinical setting. Manual literature searching was used to identify empirical uses of included screening tools. Data on psychometric and pragmatic properties of each tool were abstracted. Evidence synthesis Review of 6,838 unique citations yielded 21 unique screening tools and 60 articles demonstrating empirical uses of the included screening tools. Data on psychometric properties were sparse, and few tools reported use of gold standard measurement development methods. Review of pragmatic properties indicated that tools were generally low cost, written for low-literacy populations, and easy to administer. Conclusions Multiple low-cost, low literacy tools are available for social risk screening in clinical settings, but psychometric data are very limited. More research is needed on clinic-based screening tool reliability and validity as these factors should influence both adoption and utility. Supplement information This article is part of a supplement entitled Identifying and Intervening on Social Needs in Clinical Settings: Evidence and Evidence Gaps, which is sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Kaiser Permanente, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
How Education Did (and Did Not) Accentuate Partisan Differences During the Ebola Outbreak of 2014-15

Education exacerbates partisan gaps in scientific knowledge and attitudes. However, previous findings about the extent and symmetry of this moderation have been mixed. As a conceptual replication of previous research, this study examines whether education asymmetrically moderates the Democrat-Republican gap in attitudes about Ebola virus disease (EVD) and policies to combat EVD. Weighted data from a survey of 1,461 non-institutionalized adults drawn from a probability-based panel were collected during the 2015 EVD epidemic. The survey measured seven attitudes: fear of personal infection, estimated severity of Ebola, suspicion of exposed Africans, suspicion of exposed Americans, Western government preparedness, support for low-intensity interventions, and support for high-intensity interventions. Knowledge about EVD was also measured. As in prior studies, highly educated Democrats uniquely diverged from other respondents in some attitudes. However, in the other attitudes, there were main party and education effects but no evidence that education was a moderator of partisan differences. Overall, education moderated partisanship when attitudes were affect-laden and targeted toward immediate threats, but not when attitudes were policy-oriented.