cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on the modulation of catalase activity in mammalian cell culture

Abstract 1. 1. The specific activity of catalase (H2O2:H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.6) in suspension cultures of a cell line established from a hamster carcinoma has been shown to undergo temporal variation over a two-fold range which repeats itself from one growth cycle to the next upon serial propagation of this cell in vitro. The characteristic pattern of modulation observed could be modified by aeration which also promoted at least a further two-fold increase in maximum activity of this enzyme. Maintenance of the culture medium at pH 7.2 throughout the entire growth cycle had no effect on the pattern of fluctuation but decreased the enzyme activity by 20 to 30 per cent. Catalase levels of this cell line could not be influenced by the addition of iron, manganese, or hemin. An entirely different cycle of variation was observed for this enzyme with extracts of the L-cell. No ininfluence of aeration was apparent on the activity of catalase in this cell line. 2. 2. The quantitative fluctuation in enzyme activity from one phase of growth to the next is assumed to reflect the response of the autogenous regulatory process of the cell to the changing environment. This phenomenon is discussed as a potentially useful tool for the description of essential metabolic processes throughout the growth cycle and may serve to distinguish one cell type from another in vitro. It may serve also in the study of regulatory mechanisms operative in cells during the process of differentiation.
Tunable plasmonic wires at terahertz frequencies

We employed micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) techniques to fabricate parallel sub-wavelength thin-wire structures of metals on elastomeric matrices. From the transmission measurement by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, we observed the depressed plasma frequencies of these thin-wire structures at terahertz (THz) ranges. Furthermore, the behavior of depressed plasma frequencies is very sensitive to the polarization of the applied field. The reasons that these engineered materials exhibit unprecedented properties not observed in nature can be interpreted by two factors: the diluted electron densities and the enhancement of electron mass. In addition, the plasma frequencies are readily tunable over a broad frequency range by extending the elastomeric matrices to change their periodicity. These novel properties of tunable and polarization-dependant plasma frequencies at THz ranges promise abundant striking applications in THz optics.
The effect of standard or serial preparation on single cone obturations

Summary. This leakage study, in vitro, used methylene blue dye as a marker to detect the extent of apical fluid penetration after buccal roots from maxillary first bicuspids were instrumented either by the standard technique or serially, and obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha and sealer, a single gutta-percha master cone and sealer, or sealer alone. The linear extent of dye penetration was measured after the roots were split longitudinally. In this study the laterally condensed gutta-percha and sealer technique resulted in the least apical penetration of dye. The single gutta-percha cone and sealer technique groups had less dye penetration than the groups where obturation was with sealer alone. The use of the standard or serial technique of preparing canals resulted in no significant difference in the quality of obturation using a single gutta-percha cone with sealer or using sealer alone.
The use of Permacol for the reconstruction of a complex thoraco-abdominal wall defect from a recurrent leiomyosarcoma

Complex thoraco-abdominal wall defects following tumor resection create a unique reconstructive challenge, which centers on anatomically re-establishing the thoracic and abdominal compartments to prevent visceral herniation. Autologous tissue may not be available or adequate to reconstruct these defects; therefore, the use of alternative options, such as non-autologous material, is often necessary. To our knowledge, very little has been described about the use of biologic mesh for the reconstruction of large thoracic defects. We present a review of the literature and present a novel approach to address a difficult defect with the use of cross-linked porcine dermal collagen (Permacol) to bridge a thoraco-abdominal defect while stabilizing the diaphragm. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.
The transient response of non-uniform, non-homogeneous beams

Abstract An extension of the direct finite element analysis is presented herein to study the transient dynamic behavior of non-uniform, non-homogeneous beams. These elements, which are encountered in practice, provide a basis for the comparison of the dynamic behavior of members in which there are internal discontinuities (material and geometric) with those which do not possess these irregularities. The effects of these material perturbations are discussed from both a theoretical and design point of view. Several examples are solved and their behaviors discussed. Design criteria are explained.
Partition experimental designs for sequential processes: Part I—First‐order models

The output quality or performance characteristics of a product often depend not only on the effect of the factors in the current process but on the effect of factors from preceding processes. Statistically-designed experiments provide a systematic approach to study the effects of multiple factors on process performance by offering a structured set of analyses of data collected through a design matrix. One important limitation of experimental design methods is that they have not often been applied to multiple sequential processes. The objective is to create a first-order experimental design for multiple sequential processes that possess several factors and multiple responses. The first-order design expands the current experimental designs to incorporate two processes into one partitioned design. The designs are evaluated on the complexity of the alias structure and their orthogonality characteristics. The advantages include a decrease in the number of experimental design runs, a reduction in experiment execution time, and a better understanding of the overall process variables and their influence on each of the responses. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence of Oil and Gas in Pennsylvanian Sands in North Central and Northeastern Oklahoma and Southeastern Kansas: ABSTRACT

The oil and gas development maps of the northern Mid-Continent show the vast number of producing wells and fields in north-central and northeastern Oklahoma and in southeastern Kansas. These are generally described as being old Pennsylvanian pools about which geologists in general know few of the details. This paper is a joint effort of a number of geologists to divide this production into different stratigraphic horizons. End_Page 945------------------------------ A series of four maps show where oil and gas are produced from sands in the Pennsylvanian below the base of the Cherokee, in the Cherokee formation itself, in the interval between the top of the Cherokee and the Checkerboard limestone, and in the interval from the Checkerboard limestone to the top of the Pennsylvanian. Cross sections show the position of these sands and units in the stratigraphic column. It is hoped that these maps will furnish additional information on the character and position of these sand bodies, and on the occurrence of oil and gas in them. End_of_Article - Last_Page 946------------
Theory of unstable one-dimensional detonations

Abstract The stability of one-dimensional piston-supported gaseous detonations is examined both numerically and analytically. Numerical calculations are presented for a one-step, first-order, irreversible reaction, obeying an Arrhenius rate expression. An approximate linearized stability theory is then developed for the case of high activation-energy reactions, and the mechanism of instability is identified. The analysis has demonstrated that the interaction between the irreversible temperature fluctuations and the finite reaction zone induces an oscillating energy-source field, which then leads to shock perturbations and thereby the temperature fluctuations. The low- and the high-frequency modes previously reported by Fickett and his coworkers are but two of the unstable resonance modes of this oscillatory system. However, the theory is also capable of predicting all the succeeding modes. Both oscillation periods and amplification (or attenuation) rates are obtained, and the results agree well with the findings of both the numerical calculations and the exact linearized stability analysis. The predicted periods also shown well with those observed in blunt-body flow experiments. It is also shown that at very high frequencies, the flow is stable—a result which invalidates the predictions of Zaidel on the basis of a square-wave model.
Control of the centriole and centrosome cycles by ubiquitination enzymes

The role of the centriole in organizing the cell’s cytoskeleton and its mechanism of duplication have been long-standing puzzles for cell biologists. Whereas the semi-conservative replication of chromosomes was established by Meselson and Stahl (1958), the likely parallels for semi-conservative duplication of the centrioles remain fuzzy. Further considering this parallel, molecular studies of chromosomal replication have begun to uncover how cell cycle regulators including cyclin-dependent kinases and ubiquitin ligases ensure that chromosomes replicate once-and-only-once per cell cycle (Blow and Hodgson, 2002; Dutta and Bell, 1997). The obvious need to maintain accurate control of centrosome number and thereby ensure spindle bipolarity would suggest that a similar once-and-only once control restricts the centrosome cycle. Studies over the last decade on the budding and fission yeast spindle pole bodies (SPB) and the animal cell centrosome have defined a growing parts list of conserved components, as well as those specific to fungi or animals. The functional connection between the centrosome duplication cycle and the regulatory mechanisms controlling the chromosome duplication cycle suggested that semi-conservative replication for both centrosomes and chromosomes might be linked by these global timing mechanisms. In 1999, a series of studies demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinases and both the SCF and APC ubiquitin ligases – cell cycle regulators already well established in control of the chromosome replication cycle – also had fundamental roles in controlling the centrosome cycle (Freed et al., 1999; Hinchcliffe et al., 1999; Lacey et al., 1999; Meraldi et al., 1999; Vidwans et al., 1999). Since then, a number of other cell cycle regulators have been directly implicated in the centrosome cycle, many of which are described in the accompanying reviews. Here we will focus on the role of ubiquitin ligases in controlling the centrosome cycle, considering both those known or postulated core centrosomal factors that are directly ubiquitinated, as well as ubiquitination of specific cell cycle regulators – including kinases and ubiquitin ligases themselves – that more globally control the centrosome cycle. First, we will review the biochemistry of ubiquitin ligases, and then return to the role of these enzymes in the various phases of the centrosome cycle.
Nicotinic Receptor Transduction Zone: Invariant Arginine Couples to Multiple Electron-Rich Residues

Gating of the muscle-type acetylcholine receptor (AChR) channel depends on communication between the ACh-binding site and the remote ion channel. A key region for this communication is located within the structural transition zone between the ligand-binding and pore domains. Here, stemming from β-strand 10 of the binding domain, the invariant αArg209 lodges within the hydrophobic interior of the subunit and is essential for rapid and efficient channel gating. Previous charge-reversal experiments showed that the contribution of αArg209 to channel gating depends strongly on αGlu45, also within this region. Here we determine whether the contribution of αArg209 to channel gating depends on additional anionic or electron-rich residues in this region. Also, to reconcile diverging findings in the literature, we compare the dependence of αArg209 on αGlu45 in AChRs from different species, and compare the full agonist ACh with the weak agonist choline. Our findings reveal that the contribution of αArg209 to channel gating depends on additional nearby electron-rich residues, consistent with both electrostatic and steric contributions. Furthermore, αArg209 and αGlu45 show a strong interdependence in both human and mouse AChRs, whereas the functional consequences of the mutation αE45R depend on the agonist. The emerging picture shows a multifaceted network of interdependent residues that are required for communication between the ligand-binding and pore domains.
Word and Picture Processing in Children: An Event-Related Potential Study

In an investigation of the N400 component, event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by 4 types of word stimuli (real words, pseudowords, random letter strings, and false fonts) and 3 types of picture stimuli (real pictures, pseudopictures, and picture parts) presented in separate lists were recorded from 10- and 11-year-old children. All types of word stimuli elicited an anteriorly distributed negativity peaking at about 400 msec (antN400). Words and pseudowords elicited similar ERPs, whereas ERPs to letter strings differed from those to both pseudowords and false fonts. All types of picture stimuli elicited dual anterior negativities (N350 and N430). Real pictures and pseudopictures elicited similar ERPs, whereas pseudopictures and picture parts elicited asymmetrical processing. The results are discussed in terms of increased sensitivity to and dependence on context in children.
Internal and external forcing of sea level variability in the Black Sea

The variability of sea level in the Black Sea is forced by a combination of internal and external processes of atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial origin. We use a combination of satellite altimetry and gravity, tide gauge, river discharge, and atmospheric re-analysis data to provide a comprehensive up-to-date analysis of sea level variability in the Black Sea and to quantify the role of different environmental factors that force the variability. The Black Sea is part of a large-scale climatic system that includes the Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. The seasonal sea level budget shows similar contributions of fresh water fluxes (precipitation, evaporation, and river discharge) and the Black Sea outflow, while the impact of the net surface heat flux is smaller although not negligible. We find that the nonseasonal sea level time series in the Black and Aegean seas are significantly correlated, the latter leading by 1 month. This lag is attributed to the adjustment of sea level in the Black Sea to externally forced changes of sea level in the Aegean Sea and to the impact of river discharge. The nonseasonal sea level budget in the Black Sea is dominated by precipitation and evaporation over the sea itself, but external processes such as river discharge and changes in the outflow can also cause some large synoptic-scale sea level anomalies. Sea level is strongly coupled to terrestrial water storage over the Black Sea drainage basin, which is modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). We show that during the low/high NAO southwesterly/northeasterly winds near the Strait of Gibraltar and southerly/northerly winds over the Aegean Sea are able to dynamically increase/decrease sea level in the Mediterranean and Black seas, respectively.
Obsidian Hydration Dates Glacial Loading

Three different groups of hydration rinds have been measured on thin sections of obsidian from Obsidian Cliff, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. The average thickness of the thickest (oldest) group of hydration rinds is 16.3 micrometers and can be related to the original emplacement of the flow 176,000 years ago (potassium-argon age). In addition to these original surfaces, most thin sections show cracks and surfaces which have average hydration rind thicknesses of 14.5 and 7.9 micrometers. These later two hydration rinds compare closely in thickness with those on obsidian pebbles in the Bull Lake and Pinedale terminal moraines in the West Yellowstone Basin, which are 14 to 15 and 7 to 8 micrometers thick, respectively. The later cracks are thought to have been formed by glacial loading during the Bull Lake and Pinedale glaciations, when an estimated 800 meters of ice covered the Obsidian Cliff flow.
Multilevel and Urban Health Modeling of Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus: A New Insight into Public Health and Preventive Medicine

This study aimed to apply multidisciplinary analysis approaches and test two hypotheses that (1) there was a significant increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) from 2002 to 2010 in the city of Philadelphia and that (2) there were significant variations in the prevalence of DM across neighborhoods, and these variations were significantly related to the variations in the neighborhood physical and social environment (PSE). Data from the Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Surveys in 2002–2004 (period 1, ) and in 2008–2010 (period 2, ) were analyzed using a cross-sectional comparison approach. An index of neighborhood PSE was constructed from 8 specific measures. The results show that age-adjusted prevalence of DM increased from period 1 (10.20%) to period 2 (11.91%) . After adjusting age, sex, and survey years, an estimate of 12.14%, 18.33%, and 11.89% of the odds ratios for DM was related to the differences in the neighborhood PSE disadvantage, the prevalence of overweight/obesity, and those with lower education attendance, respectively. In conclusion, prevalence of DM significantly increased from 2002 to 2010 in the city of Philadelphia. In addition to risk factors for DM at personal level, neighborhood PSE disadvantage may play a critical role in the risk of DM.
Prognostic indicators of outcomes in patients with distant metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Abstract Background Distant metastasis is uncommon in differentiated thyroid cancer and the prognosis is unclear. This study aims to evaluate outcomes and to define independent variables that are associated with tumor-related mortality in patients with distant metastasis from thyroid carcinoma. Study design A retrospective review of the thyroid cancer research database identified 336 patients with distant metastasis from differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated at a single institution between 1941 and 2000. After excluding patients with local or regional recurrence, distant disease was either the first site of recurrence or was detected at the time of diagnosis of the primary tumor in 242 patients (72%). Patient, tumor, and treatment-related factors were analyzed for their relation to disease-specific survival (DSS) using multivariate Cox regression and the log-rank test. Results Median survival was 4.1 years and 10-year DSS was 26%. Distant disease was synchronous with the primary diagnosis in 97 of 242 (40%) patients. The site of metastasis was lung only in 103 (43%) patients, bone only in 80 (33%), other sites in 14 (6%), and more than one organ system in 45 (19%). Multivariate analysis identified age 45 years or more, symptoms, site other than lung only or bone only, and no radioactive iodine treatment for the metastasis as predictors of poor outcome with 13%, 11%, 16%, and 12% 10-year DSS, respectively. This compares with age less than 45 years, asymptomatic presentation, metastasis only in the lung or bone, and radioactive iodine treatment with 10-year DSS rates of 58%, 45%, 32%, and 33%, respectively (all p Conclusions Longterm survival is possible in patients with distant metastasis from differentiated thyroid cancer. This retrospective study found that age of 45 years or more, site other than lung only or bone only, and symptoms at the time of diagnosis are associated with poorer outcomes.
Patterns of ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation in female carriers of balanced translocation.

Objective To determine whether maternal balanced translocation is a risk factor for poor ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Design A retrospective analysis. Setting Private IVF center. Patient(s) All couples presenting to a single center for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for autosomal balanced translocation in either partner from 1995 through 2001. Intervention(s) Cycle parameters and embryology outcomes were examined and compared between two groups: 61 cycles in 46 women with balanced translocations compared with 42 cycles in 32 women whose male partner had a balanced translocation. Main Outcome Measure(s) Response to ovarian stimulation. Result(s) In couples undergoing IVF/PGD to avoid transmission of an unbalanced karyotype, a significantly higher proportion of women carrying balanced translocations (female carrier) responded very poorly (E 2 on the day of hCG Conclusion(s) In couples undergoing IVF/PGD for balanced translocation, the risk for poor response to ovarian stimulation may be increased when the female partner carries the balanced translocation compared to when the male partner carries the translocation. Given significant embryo attrition due to chromosomal imbalance, aggressive stimulation should be considered if the patient does not have risk factors for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
Persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study.

Context: Use of a single set of thyroid function tests to define subclinical hypothyroidism may lead to misclassification over time and could influence findings from longitudinal studies. Objective: We assessed the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and cardiovascular (CV) death in older adults with persistent subclinical hypothyroidism. Design, Setting, and Participants: The study included 679 subclinically hypothyroid and 4184 euthyroid U.S. individuals at least 65 yr old enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study and not taking thyroid preparations. Main Outcome Measure: We measured the 10-yr risk of incident CHD, HF, and CV death from persistent subclinical hypothyroidism, overall and stratified by degree of TSH elevation (4.5–6.9, 7.0–9.9, and 10.0–19.9 mU/liter). Results: There was no association between persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and incident CHD [hazard ratio (HR), 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93–1.36], HF (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97–1.27), or CV death (HR,...
Implementation Of A Digital Multiple Viewing Station And Early Clinical Experience

The Clinical Radiology Imaging System (CRIS) developed in the UCLA Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) is designed to allow radiologists, clinicians, and technologists to review and manipulate radiological images in digital form on a multiple viewing station (MVS). The system is composed of a multiple viewing station located at a clinical site and a centralized computer system consisting of a VAX-11/750 minicomputer, a Gould/DeAnza IP8500 image processor, and optical and magnetic disk storage. A broadband network allows video and digital communication between the remote clinical site and the IPL research laboratory. The station allows the real-time presentation of six 512x512x8 bit images from any combination of CT, MRI, DF, ultrasound, and digitized radiographs. The user interacts with the system by way of menus, icons, and a trackball. The CRIS system has been implemented in the Pediatric Radiology Section of the UCLA Medical Center. This paper describes the hardware and software architecture of the system and some early clinical experience.
Characterization of Exploding Film Plasmas Using Emission Spectroscopy

Exploding films have a variety of potential applications including current interrupters, ignition of energetic materials, and sources of intense light. However, characterization of these events remains a challenge as the average duration of an event is only on the order of 100 mus in our studies. An effort to obtain a complete understanding of the exploding film and plasma generation phenomena is underway. This paper investigates the spectral and electrical output of exploding film events on metallized polypropylene film samples. Assuming the plasma generated from the exploding film is a blackbody radiator, peak temperature can be estimated using trends of wavelength versus intensity. This data allows for a more accurate characterization of the plasma that results from the exploding films. A holistic understanding of the deterministic mechanisms of the plasma enables future controllability and tunability in exploding film applications.
Investigating the Contribution of Benefits and Barriers on Mammography Intentions of Middle Class Urban Indian Women: An Exploratory Study

Few studies on screening behaviors have examined socio-cognitive correlates of cancer beliefs for South Asian women to inform message design in health communication campaigns (Airhihenbuwa & Obregon, 2000). This exploratory study investigates the contribution of benefits and barriers in mammography intentions in a non-probability sample (N = 86) of urban Indian women recruited from 3 neighborhoods. Logistic regression analyses of cross-sectional data demonstrate that benefits of mammography significantly influence mammography intentions (p < .05), whereas barriers do not. In conclusion, support is found for emphasizing benefits of mammography for mammography intentions in the middle class urban Indian sample examined in the study.
Sonic gas analyzer for hydrogen and methane

In the late‐1800s, Germans used a "methane whistle", known as a Schlagwetterpfeife, to determine the presence of hydrogen or methane in the air that was circulated in mines. This paper describes a modern version of that concept that should be suitable for safety‐related applications in mines, sewers, garages that shelter hydrogen or methane‐powered vehicles, etc. A compact, self‐resonant standing wave tube, 2 cm in diameter and 3 cm long, is capped at both ends by two small electrodynamic speakers. The cylindrical copper resonator has two slits at the mid‐plane to allow a 25 mm fan to continuously sample the air which is brought to the resonator's temperature after being drawn along the outside of the resonator body. Variation in the resonator's temperature is compensated electronically by an integrated‐circuit temperature sensor that produces one microampere per Kelvin. The sensor can measure the concentration of hydrogen to an accuracy of better than ±30 ppm or methane to ±0.02% in air using phase‐locked loop frequency tracking electronics and a voltage‐controlled oscillator. Concentration data will be presented for several different gas mixtures and will be compared to concentrations determined by other techniques (e.g., thermal conductivity gauges).
Denervation supersensitivity in the cholinergic septo-hippocampal pathway: a microiontophoretic study.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether denervation supersensitivity could be produced in an identified cholinergic pathway in the CNS of the rat. The mechanism for the development of this phenomenon was also explored. Cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus was accomplished by lesions of the medial septum. The response of hippocampal pyramidal cells to microiontophoretic application of acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol in lesioned and unlesioned animals was determined by extracellular recording. There was a marked increase (6 ×) in sensitivity to ACh 2–43 days following lesions. However, there was no increase in sensitivity to carbachol or glutamate. Other workers have shown that septal lesions cause a large decrease in hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which is located mainly presynaptically. The absence of increase in sensitivity to carbbachol, a cholinomimetic resistant to hydrolysis by AChE, suggests that the postlesion increase in sensitivity to ACh results from a decrease in its inactivation by AChE. A time course for the development of ACh supersensitivity was found to be similar to the time course of AChE loss previously reported. Experiments using physostigmine, an AChE inhibitor, demonstrated that inhibition of AChE can potentiate the effects of ACh in unlesioned preparations, but not in lesioned preparations. We conclude: (1) denervation supersensitivity to ACh occurs in the septo-hippocampal pathway; and (2) the supersensitivity is probably due to decreased inactivation of ACh by AChE. The results suggest that presynaptic AChE plays a significant role in modulating the neurotransmitter function of ACh in the septo-hippocampal pathway.
A review of Paget's disease of bone with a focus on the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid 5 mg.

ABSTRACTBackground: Paget's disease of bone, the second most common metabolic bone disease in the United States, is characterized by localized areas of excessive bone resorption coupled with accelerated bone formation, resulting in new bone that is less structurally organized and is weaker than normal bone. Complications of Paget's disease can include bone pain, osteoarthritis, skeletal deformity, hearing loss, and fractures. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current standards of treatment in Paget's disease.Scope: A review of literature from 1974 to 2007 was performed on topics such as epidemiology, etiology, treatment of Paget's disease of bone, and bisphos­phonates.Findings: Paget's disease affects an estimated 2–7% of persons of age 55 years or older in North America and western Europe. Antiresorptive treatment with bisphos­phonates is the standard treatment, but there may be limitations to oral therapy. Intravenous pamidronate is efficacious and has long been avai...
Basal-crevasse-fill origin of laminated debris bands at Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A

The numerous debris bands in the terminus region of Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., were formed by injection of turbid meltwaters into basal crevasses. The debris bands are millimeter(s)-thick layers of silt-rich ice cross-cutting older, debris-poor englacial ice. The sediment grain-size distribution of the debris bands closely resembles the suspended load of basal waters, and of basal and proglacial ice grown from basal waters, but does not resemble supraglacial debris, till or the bedload of subglacial streams. Most debris bands contain anthropogenic tritium (3H) in concentrations similar to those of basal meltwater and ice formed from that meltwater, but cross-cut englacial ice lacking tritium. Stable-isotopic ratios (δ 18 O and δD) of debris-band ice are consistent with freezing from basal waters, but are distinct from those in englacial ice. Ice petrofabric data along one debris band lack evidence of active shearing. High basal water pressures and locally extensional ice flow associated with overdeepened subglacial basins favor basal crevasse formation.
Madrid 2002: Global Ageing and Violence against Older Persons Post 9/11

Abstract 9/11 challenged the sense of security felt by people in the United States. However, many older people live with violence, deprivation and fear. Population ageing is a global phenomenon. The Second World Assembly on Ageing was held in April 2002 in Madrid, Spain, to focus attention on the need for nations to begin planning for this dramatic population shift. The Madrid 2002 International Plan of Action on Ageing includes resolutions adopted by the Assembly to serve as guides for nations in protecting their older populations. Two sections of the Plan, Emergency Situations, and Neglect, Abuse and Violence, are highlighted.
Speech Processing in Support of Human-Human Communication (Invited Paper)

Summary form only given. Computers have become an essential part of modern life, providing services in a multiplicity of ways. Access to these services, however, comes at a price: human attention is bound and directed toward a technical artifact in a human machine interaction setting at the expense of time and attention for other humans. This paper explores a new class of computer services that support human-human interaction and communication implicitly and transparently. Computers in the human interaction loop (CHIL), require consideration of all communication modalities, multimodal integration and more robust performance. We review the technologies and several CHIL services providing human-human support. Among them, we specifically highlight advanced computer services for cross-lingual communication.
Verification strategy for the Blue Gene/L chip

The Blue Gene®/L compute chip contains two PowerPC® 440 processor cores, private L2 prefetch caches, a shared L3 cache and double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM) memory controller, a collective network interface, a torus network interface, a physical network interface, an interrupt controller, and a bridge interface to slower devices. System-on-a-chip verification problems require a multilevel verification strategy in which the strengths of each layer offset the weaknesses of another layer. The verification strategy we adopted relies on the combined strengths of random simulation, directed simulation, and code-driven simulation at the unit and system levels. The strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques and our reasons for choosing them are discussed. The verification platform is based on event simulation and cycle simulation running on a farm of Intel-processor-based machines, several PowerPC-processor-based machines, and the internally developed hardware accelerator Awan. The cost/performance tradeoffs of the different platforms are analyzed. The success of the first Blue Gene/L nodes, which worked within days of receiving them and had only a small number of undetected bugs (none fatal), reflects both careful design and a comprehensive verification strategy.
Some Outer Limits in the Theory of Transonic Flow with External Burning

Abstract Two-dimensional transonic flows which are bounded by a free surface and a wall and which have interior heat release are investigated theoretically. It is shown that under certain conditions a supersonic-subsonic transition is possible, in contrast to flows bounded by two walls, while maintaining a positive pressure coefficient on the free surface when the free surface is formed by an adjacent supersonic or transonic flow. The problems investigated correspond to outer limits in the sense of matched asymptotic expansions and arbitrary initial conditions cannot be satisfied; however, several practical problems yield initial conditions which fortuitously match the outer limit conditions. Application to problems of external burning for control or propulsion is indicated.
A case of an isolated cleft in the posterior mitral leaflet

A 42-year-old woman complained of palpitation and chest discomfort. A mid-systolic click and faint systolic murmur were auscultated best at the apex. The transthoracic echocardiogram showed the presence of a cleft in the posterior mitral valve leaflet, along with posterior leaflet prolapse and mild mitral regurgitation (MR). The origin and direction of the MR jet suggest that the cleft is the mechanism of the regurgitation. No defect was noted in the anterior leaflet. An isolated cleft in the posterior mitral valve leaflet is an extremely rare congenital malformation, with only five cases being reported in the medical literature [1] (see Figs. 1, 2).
On Low-Gravity Droplet Combustion

An experimental method is described for studying the combustion of a stationary unsupported fuel droplet in a stagnant ambience under very low gravity. A unique feature of the method is that of being able to observe the droplet burning history over the entire period from ignition to extinction or complete burning. The procedure consisted of propelling a droplet from a piezoelectric generator in a near vertical trajectory and then releasing the chamber within which the droplet was introduced, as well as associated instrumentation, into free fall when the droplet reached the apex of its trajectory. Results with the technique are described for toluene and heptane droplets. A phenomenon believed to be indicative of extinction was observed for an unsupported heptane droplet, whereas the evidence for extinction of toluene was less clear. Measured burning rates were in good agreement with both early theories that have assumed spherically symmetric combustion, and with prior limited experiments on heptane droplets obtained under low gravity that, however, were capable of recording a more limited fraction of the total burning history.
Aircraft automatic digital flight control system with inversion of the model in the feed-forward path

A full-flight-envelope automatic trajectory control system concept is being investigated at Ames Research Center. This concept was developed for advanced aircraft configurations with severe nonlinear characteristics. A feature of the system is an inverse of the complete nonlinear aircraft model as part of the feed-forward control path. Simulation and flight tests have been reported at previous Digital Avionics Systems conferences. A new method for the continuous real-time inversion of the aircraft model using a Newton-Raphson trim algorithm instead of the original inverse table look-up procedure has been developed. The results of a simulation study of a vertical attitude takeoff and landing aircraft using the new inversion technique are presented. Maneuvers were successfully carried out in all directions in the vertical-attitude hover mode. Transition runs from conventional flight through the region of lift-curve-slope reversal at an angle of attack of about 32 deg and to hover at zero speed in the vertical attitude showed satisfactory transient response. Simulations were also conducted in conventional flight at high subsonic speed in steep climb and with turns up to 4 g. Successful flight tests of the system with the new model-inversion technique in a UH-1H helicopter have recently been carried out.
Possession is Nine Points of the Law: The Political Economy of Early Public Land Disposal

Abstract Early federal policies for disposal of public lands underwent significant changes in the first 40 years of their existence. Though the first policies established around 1800 called for sales of public lands based on competitive auction bidding, by the 1830s this system had been importantly supplanted by the policy of preemption, which legitimated the claims of squatters and freed them from competition for their lands. This paper examines the political economy of public land disposal from 1789 to 1830 and documents how squatters helped bring about this policy change: both by disrupting the operation of the auction system and by applying political pressure for favorable land policies. The paper also reports the results of an econometric analysis of congressional roll-call voting which provides insight into the nature of the political coalitions that formed in support of passage of the first general preemption act of 1830.
The 1.1-Å Structure of the Spindle Checkpoint Protein Bub3p Reveals Functional Regions *

Bub3p is a protein that mediates the spindle checkpoint, a signaling pathway that ensures correct chromosome segregation in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. It is known to function by co-localizing at least two other proteins, Mad3p and the protein kinase Bub1p, to the kinetochore of chromosomes that are not properly attached to mitotic spindles, ultimately resulting in cell cycle arrest. Prior sequence analysis suggested that Bub3p was composed of three or four WD repeats (also known as WD40 and β-transducin repeats), short sequence motifs appearing in clusters of 4–16 found in many hundreds of eukaryotic proteins that fold into four-stranded blade-like sheets. We have determined the crystal structure of Bub3p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 1.1 A and a crystallographic R-factor of 15.3%, revealing seven authentic repeats. In light of this, it appears that many of these repeats therefore remain hidden in sequences of other proteins. Analysis of random and site-directed mutants identifies the surface of Bub3p involved in checkpoint function through binding of Bub1p and Mad3p. Sequence alignments indicate that these surfaces are mostly conserved across Bub3 proteins from diverse species. A structural comparison with other proteins containing WD repeats suggests that these folds may bind partner proteins using similar surface areas on the top and sides of the propeller. The sequences composing these regions are the most divergent within the repeat across all WD repeat proteins and could potentially be modulated to provide specificity in partner protein binding without perturbation of the core structure.
Neutrality, Publicity, and State Funding of the Arts

L'A. etudie le probleme de la legitimite d'une subvention de l'Etat pour le developpement de l'art qui rencontre deux objections d'ordre liberal concernant la neutralite et la publicite de l'Etat. L'A. explique pourquoi la justification d'une subvention de l'Etat par D. Dworkin n'est pas suffisante et pourquoi il faut rejeter le critere discriminatoire de l'amendement de Helm
A MAC protocol supporting wireless video transmission over multi-code CDMA personal communication networks

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) has become an attractive technique for medium access control in multimedia Personal Communication Networks (PCN). In this paper, a multi-priority medium access protocol for multimedia PCN is proposed and studied. The multimedia PCN uses H.263 implementation to transmit video data. We exploit the features of CDMA to maximize the utilisation of the system capacity. A random access control scheme is proposed for the mobile hosts to contend for spectrum resource. Both Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) schemes are used to handle video transmission error. Simulation results have been presented to show how several system parameters can be tuned to improve the system performance.
DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLINE LAMELLAR THICKNESS IN POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE) USING SMALL-ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY*

The crystalline lamellar thickness of semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was evaluated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Both SAXS onedimensional (1D) correlation function and interface distribution function analyses were utilized to determine the crystalline lamellar thickness. The two-dimensional fast Fourier transformation (2D-FFT) of the TEM image and the Gaussian-like lamellar thickness distribution determined from the TEM image were also performed. Results indicate that the larger value of the two correlation lengths calculated from the SAXS analysis should be assigned to the crystalline lamellar thickness in PET. Discussions and comparison among different methods for characterizing the lamellar thickness of semicrystalline polymers are made. *Dedicated to Prof. Francisco J. Balta Calleja on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
Granular Flow in Silo Discharge: Discrete Element Method Simulations and Model Assessment

Discharge dynamics of granular particles from a flat-bottomed silo is studied using both continuum modeling and three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM) simulations. Using DEM, the influence of microscopic parameters (interparticle friction coefficient, particle–wall friction coefficient and particle coefficient of restitution) and system parameters (orifice width) on the discharge rate is quantified. The spatial extent of different regimes (quasi-static, intermediate and inertial) of granular rheology are quantified using a regime map previously established from DEM data of homogeneously sheared granular flow. It is shown that all three regimes of granular rheology coexist during silo discharge, and the intermediate regime plays a significant role in discharge dynamics. A quantitative comparison between results of continuum and DEM simulations is performed by computing discharge rates, solid velocities, and solid stresses for a three-dimensional (3D) flat-bottomed silo. It is found that the t...
Current Training and Practice of Endovascular Surgery: A Survey

Endovascular surgery (EVS) has become of great interest to the vascular community. However, little data exist about the current status of training and utilization of EVS, thus prompting this survey. During a national vascular meeting, all participants ( n = 132) filled out a 2-page questionnaire. Respondents (mean age 39 years, 87% male) were 68 vascular surgeons in practice (52%), and 64 fellows (48%), representing a significant fraction of trainees in North America. Practice location included university hospital (39%), private hospital/clinic (52%), and government hospital (8%). According to respondents, in their respective communities, most of the EVS was performed by radiologists (66%), followed by vascular surgeons (19%), cardiologists (13%), and vascular medicine physicians (2%). A majority of respondents (75%) currently perform EVS; surgeons in practice 100 angiograms and 10% performed >25 endovascular grafts/year, whereas nonfellows performed few of the latter. Most of the EVS (72%) was performed in the operating room with portable imaging equipment and EVS accounted for 14% of all vascular procedures. Most respondents (86%) believed that EVS would become a major component of vascular surgery and comprise 30% of their future practice. Seventy-six percent thought their training was insufficient and 85% said they would devote 3 months or less for further endovascular training. In conclusion, a vast majority of vascular trainees and surgeons are performing EVS, however, individual caseloads vary greatly. The belief that endovascular surgery will play an increasing role in vascular surgery practice is strong and interest in further training of short duration is widespread. Broader-based data collection and longitudinal studies on this issue are warranted.
Numerical solution of axisymmetric boattail flow fields with plume simulators

Turbulent separating flows over axisymmetric afterbody-boattail configurations with solid sting plume simulators are computed with a time-dependent finite-difference method to solve the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The Reynolds stress terms are replaced with a two-layer eddy viscosity model including a relaxation formula to model the nonequilibrium effects of the separated flow. The mesh is alined with the boattail body through an analytic transformation which accommodates a wide variety of boattail geometries. Numerical results for a series of boattail geometries over a wide range of Reynolds number (140,000 to 140 million) are presented and, when possible, compared with experimental data or independent numerical results.
Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty

Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty, by Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo. Jackson, TN: PublicAffairs, 2011. 320 pp. ISBN: 978-1-58648-798-0 (hbk.). US$26.99. Po...
Bending strength of standing seam roof panels

Abstract The standing seam roof panel system is used extensively in residential, commercial and institution type building structures in the USA. The roof system is typically, designed for both gravity loading (construction and other live load) and uplift (from wind). Under gravity load, the outstanding leg of the connected panels may be subject to distortional buckling-lateral displacement of the unsupported compression flange with rotation about the web-tension. flange juncture. In this paper, experimental results from tests on four full-scale panel systems are presented and an analytical procedure is recommended for estimating the distortional buckling capacity of the standing seam roof system. Using a simplified design method for inelastic behavior, relatively accurate estimates of the maximum capacity for a system under gravity, load are computed.