cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The completely positive and doubly nonnegative completion problems

We prove the following. Let G be an undirected graph. Every partially specified symmetric matrix, the graph of whose specified entries is G and each of whose fully specified submatrices is completely positive (equal to BB T for some entrywise nonnegative matrix B), may be completed to a completely positive matrix if and only if G is a block-clique graph (a chordal graph in which distinct maximal cliques overlap in at most one vertex). The same result holds for matrices that are doubly nonnegative (entrywise nonnegative and positive semidefinite).
Fibrous Histiocytoma Of The Corneoscleral Limbus

In June 1968, a 3-year-old black girl was seen in the Children's Eye Clinic at the Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute on referral with the diagnosis of a granuloma of the right eye. There had been a swelling at the right corneoscleral limbus for a period of three months. The child had an unremark­ able birth and development, but was found to have hemoglobin A F disease. Two years previously she had had a febrile convulsion and was unconscious for four days. Her history indicated that she de­ veloped cortical blindness and left hemiparesis after the seizure, perhaps due to a vascular accident. There was slow but progressive improvement of vision with the ability to pick up small objects. At the Eye Institute, the ophthalmologist could not evaluate the patient's vision because of her inability to play the E game, but he felt that she could see the objects presented to her. He found a 4 X 4-mm tan-pink elevated mass at the 7-o'clock position of the right corneoscleral limbus with a prominent feeder vessel. The lesion involved the peripheral cornea (Fig. 1) . There was no pupillary abnormality, and the refractive error was 1.50 + 4.S0 X 90 in the right eye and 1.50 + 3.50 X 90 in the left eye. The eye grounds and optic nerve heads were normal. Evaluation of the orbit and skull disclosed a slight enlargement of the right optic canal. When seen in the neurologic clinic at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, she was found to have a mild left hemiparesis. On returning to the Eye Clinic two months later the mother felt that the limbal lesion had definitely thickened, although objective examination failed to confirm any enlargement or change in the feeder vessel. The patient was admitted to the hospital for surgical removal of the mass. A small lamellar keratectomy was performed. In follow-up during the year after the operation
Application of mutual information theory to fluid bed temperature and differential pressure signal analysis

Abstract This paper reports on the application of mutual information theory to the analysis of transient differential pressure and temperature signals from a fluidized bed. The signals were recorded around a heat transfer tube which was placed horizontally into a bubbling fluidized bed. The heat transfer tube was instrumented with fast response surface thermocouples and differential pressure sensors. Mutual information theory was used to identify the periodicity and the predictability of the local instantaneous differential pressure and temperature signals. It was also used to interpret the bubble-particle packet dynamics around the instrumented heat transfer tube. As theoretical and limiting cases, purely periodic and random signals were observed. The conventional signal processing tools such as autocorrelation, cross-correlation and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) were used as preliminary tools to analyze data. The qualitative similarities between the mutual information function and the autocorrelation function are shown. The first minimum of the mutual information function is used to reconstruct the phase portrait from the one-dimensional time series. It is suggested that if the first minimum of the mutual information function exists, then using the time derivative of the measured one-dimensional signal with the least number of bins provides a better time delay τ than using the measured signal directly.
A New Genus of Mesomphaliine Tortoise Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with Description of a New Flightless Species from Haiti

Abstract Convexocoleus Shin, new genus, in the New World tortoise beetle tribe Mesomphaliini (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) is described to accommodate a distinctive new species, Convexocoleus rileyi Shin, from the high mountains of Haiti. The new species exhibits characters typically associated with flightlessness, such as extreme convexity of the body and fused elytral medial margins, traits also characteristic of flightless species in the genus Elytrogona Chevrolat, also in the Mesomphaliini. A phylogenetic analysis of 23 mesomphaliine species, based on 44 morphological characters, revealed a distant relationship between the new species and those of Elytrogona, supporting the conclusion that the suite of traits associated with flightlessness was acquired independently. Convexocoleus rileyi is apparently more closely related to species of Botanochara Dejean, based on shared traits in the shape of the pronotum, elytra, and the basal tooth on the pretarsal claw. Relationships among mesomphaliines are briefly...
Isolation of cellulolytic microbes from the intestinal tract of the pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides : size-related changes in diet and microbial abundance

Pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides (Linneaus), undergo a gradual ontogenetic dietary shift during their first year of life, marked by an increase in the consumption of plant material. To determine if this shift in diet was associated with a change in the microbial flora of the intestinal tract that may assist in degradation of plant material, stomach contents were analyzed and microbes in the intestinal tract were isolated from fish ranging from 20 to 139 mm standard length. These fish were collected from Core Sound, North Carolina, USA between March and September 1991. Plant material increased from 16% of dry weight of stomach contents in pinfish under 40 mm standard length (SL) to 65% in pinfish above 120 mm SL, confirming previous observations of a diet-related ontogenetic change in L. rhomboides. Comparison of the total cultivatable facultative and anaerobic microbial flora isolated from the intestinal tract contents of pinfish ranging in size from 26 to 139 mm SL showed a 10-fold increase between fish 40 mm SL, with maximum population densities of approximately 2x107 colony forming units (CFU) g-1 of intestine including contents. The percentage of microbial isolates examined capable of hydrolyzing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) increased from 12% in fish 40 mm SL, although there was no strict increase with increasing fish size classes. Although the percentage of CMC-hydrolytic microbial isolates varied with respect to fish SL, the percentage of skim-milk hydrolytic (proteolytic) isolates remained relatively constant (4% of total isolates) irrespective of fish SL and dietary composition. Results presented in this study document the first isolation of carboxymethylcellulase producing microbes from the intestinal tract of any fish and demonstrate that the ontogenetic dietary shift in L. rhomboides is paralleled by qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbial community. The use of strict anaerobic sampling methods in the preparation of intestinal contents from wild-captured fresh specimens was essential in obtaining these isolates.
The Intellectuals and the Powers: Some Perspectives for Comparative Analysis

In religion, in art, in all spheres of culture and politics, the mass of mankind in all hitherto known societies have not, except for transitory interludes, been preoccupied with the attainment of an immediate contact with the ultimate principles implicit in their beliefs and standards. The directly gratifying ends of particular actions, the exigencies of situations, considerations of individual and familial advantage, concrete moral maxims, concrete prescriptions and prohibitions, preponderate in the conduct of the majority of persons in most societies, large and small. The systemic coherence and the deeper and more general ground of beliefs and standards only intermittently hold their attention and touch on their passions. Ordinary life in every society is characterized by an unequal intensity of attachment to ultimate values, be they cognitive, moral, or aesthetic, and an unequal intensity of the need for coherence. Ordinary life shuns rigorous definition and consistent adherence to traditional or rational rules, and it has no need for continuous contact with the sacred. Ordinary life is slovenly, full of compromise and improvisation; it goes on in the “here and now”.
Seizures in Women with Preeclampsia: Mechanisms and Management.

Eclampsia is defined in the obstetrical literature as the occurrence of unexplained seizure during pregnancy in a woman with preeclampsia. In the Western world, the incidence of eclampsia is ~1 per 2000 to 1 per 3000 pregnancies, but the incidence is 10-fold higher in tertiary referral centers and undeveloped countries where there is poor prenatal care, and in multi-fetal gestations. Nearly 1 in 50 women with eclampsia die as do 1 in 14 of their offspring, and mortality rates are considerably higher in undeveloped countries. Eclampsia is also associated with significant life-threatening complications, including neurological events. Seizure acutely can cause stroke, haemorrhage, oedema and brain herniation and thus lead to epilepsy and cognitive impairment later in life.
RAMP: Impact of rule based aggregator business model for residential microgrid of prosumers including distributed energy resources

This paper discusses an economically profitable way to deploy a residential microgrid incorporating a new market entity “residential aggregator” between the prosumers1 and the Utility. In this residential microgrid, the residential aggregators will have better negotiating capabilities (e.g. in the DR programs) in the electricity market and therefore will be able to bring economic advantages to all participating stakeholders (prosumers, Utility, and aggregator). However, to implement such a microgrid, various rules regarding electricity pricing will need to be put in place. This paper highlights such rules and their impacts, and two example use cases are used to show the different types of distributed energy resources that would be required for profitable residential microgrid deployment.
Some studies on proteins in the defibrinated state during ancrod (A38414) studies in normal humans

Abstract Studies were made on plasma obtained during the defibrinated state with Ancrod, the thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of Agkistrodon rhodostoma. The results show that fibrinogen degradation products persist throughout the period and disappear when treatment is terminated. SDS gels show that the fibrinogen remaining appears to have defective alpha chains but again the molecule returns to normal after completion of treatment. There was no increase in fibrinolytic activity in plasma or urine as measured by the fibrin plate method.
Effects of cytochalasin B on the uptakes of monosaccharides by rat brain synaptosomes.

— Synaptosomal uptakes of a number of simple carbohydrates were strongly inhibited by cytochalasin B (K1= 7-9 × 10−8M). Phloretin (K1= 2-4 × 10−6M) and phloridzin (K1= 3-4 × 10−4M) were less inhibitory. Cytochalasin B competitively inhibited the uptakes of carbohydrates with saturable transport kinetics. Inhibition of sugar uptake was immediate on addition of cytochalasin B but was promptly reversed upon removal of the drug. Cytochalasin B had no effect on the efflux of D-glucos-amine or of the phosphorylated sugar, and did not affect intrasynaptosomal hexokinase(s). The synapto-somal uptakes of L-glucose, D-mannitol, L-fucose and the N-acetylated amino sugars were non-saturable and uninhibited by cytochalasin B. In the case of sugars which enter synaptosomes by both saturable and non-saturable processes, cytochalasin B could be used to selectively inhibit the saturable uptake components. The resultant non-saturable cytochalasin-insensitive uptake rates obtained were found to be widely different among the sugars studied, and must be corrected for in order to estimate accurate kinetic constants of the saturable processes.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the Malagasy and Australasian rainbowfishes (Teleostei : Melanotaenioidei): Gondwanan vicariance and evolution in freshwater

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships of the Malagasy and Australasian rainbowfishes are investigated using 4394 characters derived from five mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, tRNA-Valine, ND5, and COI), three nuclear genes (28S, histone H3, and TMO-4c4), and 102 morphological transformations. This study represents the first phylogenetic analysis of the endemic Malagasy family Bedotiidae and includes a nearly complete taxonomic review of all nominal species, as well as numerous undescribed species. Simultaneous analysis of the molecular and morphological datasets results in two equally most parsimonious trees. Results indicate that Bedotiidae ( Bedotia + Rheocles ) and Bedotia are monophyletic, whereas Rheocles is paraphyletic with the inclusion of two recently described species from northeastern Madagascar, R. vatosoa , and R. derhami . Rheocles vatosoa and R. derhami are sister taxa, and this clade is recovered as the sister group to Bedotia . The remaining species of Rheocles are not sexually dimorphic and comprise a clade that is recovered as the sister group to Bedotia + ( R. derhami + R. vatosoa ), all of which are sexually dichromatic, and sexually dimorphic for pigmentation and fin development. Three geographically distinct clades are recovered within Bedotia , one comprising species with distributions ranging from mid- to southeastern Madagascar, another including species restricted to eastern drainages north of the Masoala Peninsula, and a third comprising taxa with distributions extending from the Masoala Peninsula south to the Ivoloina River. The Australian/New Guinean melanotaeniids are monophyletic and are recovered as the sister group to Bedotiidae. The Australasian Telmatherinidae and Pseudomugilidae comprise a clade that is recovered as the sister group to the Melanotaeniidae-Bedotiidae clade. This sister-group relationship between Malagasy bedotiids and a clade restricted to Australia–New Guinea, and the absence of a close relationship between bedotiids and African or Mascarene atheriniforms, is congruent with the break-up of Gondwana, not a scenario reliant on Cenozoic trans-oceanic dispersal. Finally, results of the phylogenetic analysis indicate that Atheriniformes is polyphyletic and further corroborate recent morphological hypotheses, which have recovered Bedotiidae in a derived position within Atherinoidei.
Ion-atom charge-transfer reactions and a hot intercloud medium

An investigation is conducted concerning the ionization equilibrium of carbon in a hot intercloud medium (ICM), taking into account various charge-transfer reactions. Attention is given to problems related to observations of carbon along the lines of sight to several unreddened stars. It is pointed out that the observed underabundance of C III and overabundance of C I can be consistent with the presence of a hot, partially ionized ICM, provided that two of the charge-transfer reactions considered are rapid at thermal energies.
Overview of the decision support systems for production and operations management

A set of thirteen programs and supporting documentation has been developed as an educational tool in a Production and Operations Management course. The programs are written in BASIC for the IBM-PC and all compatible machines. The software and text are offered at nominal cost, the software alone is provided free of charge to adopters of the POM texts by Richard D. Irwin., Inc.
A reliable and simple method for simultaneous determination of DOPA and 3-O-methyldopa in plasma and brain.

Abstract A rapid, simple, and reliable method for the simultaneous estimation of D and O-MD in plasma and brain is described. These compounds are eluted together, but separately from the catecholamines, by passing perchloric acid extracts through columns of a strong cation-exchange resin in the H + form. The pH of the eluate is adjusted with the addition of a Na 3 citrate solution. Specific oxidation of D and O-MD are carried out by reacting with iodine and ferricyanide, respectively. No interference with plasma D and O-MD measurements was found from the presence in plasma of drugs commonly used in the treatment of parkinsonism. The presence of hydrazinomethyldopa and α-methyldopa partially interferes with the determinations of D and O-MD. Plasma levels of O-MD are greater than D in patients receiving chronic l -dopa therapy.
Interpretation of Schwantes's experimental data on secondary emission 1⨍ noise

Abstract Handel's theory of quantum 1 ⨍ noise is applied to Schwantes's 1960 data on secondary emission 1 ⨍ noise in Philips EFP60 tubes. It is first evaluated what Handel predicts for this case and then the theoretical and experimental values of SI(⨍) are compared at 10 Hz. Excellent agreement is obtained, which is the more remarkable since the theory does not contain any adjustable parameters. It is therefore concluded that Schwantes's secondary emission 1 ⨍ noise seems to be an example of quantum 1 ⨍ noise.
Role of Cbfa1 in ameloblastin gene transcription.

Ameloblastin is a tooth-specific extracellular matrix protein that is thought to play a role in enamel crystal formation in the developing dentition. The murine ameloblastin promoter functions in a cell type-specific manner and containscis-acting elements that function both to enhance and to suppress transcription. The objective of this study was to determine whether the transcription factor Cbfa1, known to be essential for transcription of other mineralized tissue genes, is also required for ameloblastin transcription. Site-directed mutagenesis of the Cbfa1-binding site (−248 base pairs) termed osteoblast-specific element 2 (OSE2) decreased ameloblastin promoter activity by greater than 50% in ameloblast-like cells. No differences in promoter activity were observed in two other oral tissue-derived cell lines transfected with similar constructs. Nuclear factor binding to the ameloblastin promoter was also shown to be cell type-specific and was altered by site-specific mutations in the OSE2 site. Cbfa1 was specifically shown to participate in the DNA-protein complexes between nuclear factors and the ameloblastin OSE2 site by supershift electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The findings that Cbfa1 interacts with functionally important regions of the ameloblastin promoter while promoter activity is diminished in constructs containing site-directed mutations in the Cbfa1 site indicate that Cbfa1 possesses an important function in transcription of the ameloblastin gene.
Chlorambucil—An effective corticosteroid-sparing therapy for pyoderma gangrenosum

A 21-year-old man, with a past history of severe aphthosis and arthritis between age 5 and 15 years, presented at age 18 years with a large leg ulceration, which developed after minor trauma. At that time he was otherwise healthy and taking no medications. Between 1983 and 1986 the patient failed to respond to intensive topical care to the ulcer, two attempted skin grafts, oral prednisone (up to 200 mg/day), sulfasalazine, dapsone (200 mg/day), multiple trials of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide, hyperbaric oxygen, azathioprine, methotrexate, clofazimine, minocycline, and three courses of pulse methylprednisolone therapy. Therapy with chlorambucil (4 mg/day) resulted in progressive improvement and complete healing with eventual cessation of all other therapy. The use of chlorambucil in pyoderma gangrenosum may be an effective adjunctive steroid-sparing therapy.
Two-dimensional polynomial interpolation from nonuniform samples

The authors derive a number of results on sufficient conditions under which the 2-D polynomial interpolation problem has a unique or nonunique solution. It is found that, if the sum of the degrees of the irreducible curves on which the interpolation points are chosen is small compared to the degree of the interpolating polynomial, then the problem becomes singular. Similarly, if there are too many points on any of the irreducible curves on which the interpolation points are chosen, then the interpolation problem runs into singularity. Examples of geometric distribution of interpolation points satisfying these conditions are shown. The examples include polynomial interpolation of polar samples, and samples on straight lines. The authors propose a recursive algorithm for computing 2-D polynomial coefficients for the nonsingular case where all the interpolation points are chosen on lines passing through the origin. The result is applied to the problem of nonuniform frequency sampling design for 2-D FIR filter design, and a few examples of such design are shown. >
Gap junctional communication and vascular smooth muscle reactivity: Use of tetraethylammonium chloride

Oscillatory contractions in uterine smooth muscle are mechanistically related to gap junction complex formation. We have tested the hypothesis that agonist-induced oscillations in vascular smooth musc
Fluorinated and hydrogenated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on anodes: Effects of SAM chemistry on device characteristics of polymer solar cells

Abstract We adsorbed fluorinated-alkyl (FmSAM) and hydrogenated-alkyl (HmSAM) phosphonic acids with different molecular lengths on anodes of bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. We found the fill factors and series resistances of devices having FmSAMs to more steeply depend on molecular length than those having HmSAMs. We attribute this phenomenon to the smaller tunneling decay factor of HmSAM compared to FmSAM, which is consistent with DFT calculations that reveal differences in the extents of electron density localization of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of these species.
Genetic analysis of membrane protein topology by a sandwich gene fusion approach.

Abstract We describe a cloning vector that allows the construction of phoA sandwich fusions in which mature alkaline phosphatase is inserted into target proteins. In contrast to previous fusions obtained using the TnphoA transposon, the entire amino acid sequence of the target protein is present in the fusion product. We have constructed a series of sandwich fusions of alkaline phosphatase to the multispanning cytoplasmic membrane protein MalF. Despite the fact that the alkaline phosphatase was tethered to MalF at both its N and its C terminus, the enzyme exhibited high activity when it was fused to a periplasmic domain of the membrane protein. Cells harboring an alkaline phosphatase sandwich fusion to the end of the first membrane-spanning segment of MalF exhibited both MalF and alkaline phosphatase activity. When alkaline phosphatase was inserted into a cytoplasmic domain of MalF, its specific activity was very low. Our results suggest that the alkaline phosphatase activity of phoA sandwich fusions provides a more sensitive monitor than previous methods of the cellular localization of the domain of the target protein to which the enzyme is fused. Thus, the sandwich fusion approach can give a more accurate picture of membrane protein topology.
Evaluation of hip prostheses by imaging methods.

B Y THE TIME arthritis of any etiology (be it posttraumatic, postinfectious, degenerative, or neuropathic) has destroyed the articular cartilages and deformed the subchondral bony surfaces of the hip joint and thereby producing painful and severely restricted motion, there is little or nothing that can be done by nonsurgical means to restore function and often nothing short of narcotics that can relieve pain. Surgical management of hip joint arthritis other than total hip replacement (THR) is limited. Osteotomy to change the position of opposing joint surfaces retains motion and in some instances brings temporary relief; excision of the joint reduces pain but does not restore normal function; joint fusion relieves pain but abolishes motion. With improvement of surgical techniques, metals, and plastic materials, the dream of partial and total joint replacement has slowly become a reality.’
Plasma turbulent reactors

Abstract Similarity solutions are found for the evolution of the distribution functions of the radiation and relativistic electrons in a plasma turbulent reactor (PTR). These solutions have a “universal” power-law form which is shown to be analogous to the Kolmogorov spectrum for fluid turbulence and stable in the same sense. These results appear to have a minimal model dependence and may have considerable implications for our understanding of nonthermal radiation sources in astrophysics which have power-law spectra. The PTR theory gives two values for the resultant radiation spectrum if the PTR's relativistic electrons are placed in an optically thin environment, namely a spectral falloff of ω−0.5 and ω−1 in remarkably close agreement with the observed values.
TU-C-301-02: Going Paperless in a Radiation Oncology Clinic

Utilization of paperless recordkeeping process is becoming mandatory under new and existing government regulations. While it is possible to implement the transition from paper and film based recordkeeping to paperless and filmless using a “head on” approach, it may be proven costly and inefficient. It is very beneficial to approach this transition in a systematic and thoughtful way to assure that the quality and accessibility of patient information is not compromised, but improved during such transition. Clinical flow in a typical department of Radiation Oncology includes processing and storing multitude of data related to patient health, treatment plan parameters, diagnostic and planning images,treatment records, including localization imaging. In addition to that extensive follow‐up data is stored. All this data has to be stored indefinitely, yet be readily available for access. A complete record should also include and patient‐specific QA tests. This lecture will provide a general overview of a typical data flow in a department of radiation oncology, and application of paperless tools available in Aria (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the documentation requirements for the clinical flow in a Radiation Oncology Department 2. Understand the tools available within the vendor provided electronic patient record keeping system 3. Understand the need to modify and adjust the paper‐based clinical flow when switching to paperless, to increase efficiency and convenience of accessing evidence data.
News vs. Entertainment: How Increasing Media Choice Widens Gaps in Political Knowledge and Turnout

Despite dramatic increases in available political information through cable television and the Internet, political knowledge and turnout have not changed noticeably. To explain this seeming paradox, I argue that greater media choice makes it easier for people to find their preferred content. People who like news take advantage of abundant political information to become more knowledgeable and more likely to turn out. In contrast, people who prefer entertainment abandon the news and become less likely to learn about politics and go to the polls. To test this proposition, I develop a measure of people's media content preference and include it in a representative opinion survey of 2,358 U.S. residents. Results show that content preference indeed becomes a better predictor of political knowledge and turnout as media choice increases. Cable TV and the Internet increase gaps in knowledge and turnout between people who prefer news and people who prefer entertainment.
Longterm influence of liquid sewage sludge on the organic carbon and nitrogen content of a furrow-irrigated desert soil

In this study we evaluated the impact of five annual liquid sewage-sludge applications on the organic C and N content of a furrow-irrigated desert soil. Mineralization rates showed that sludge organic matter is mineralized rapidly (65% per year). Resistant residual sludge organic matter accumulation resulted in a theoretical increase in total soil organic C of 0.013% for the single sludge rate or 0.038% for three annual applications. These small additions were not detected in sludged soils at any depth to 270 cm. Similarly, increases in total soil N were not detected at any depth. However, soluble forms of organic C and N did increase in sludged soils relative to the non-sludged soils. In addition, soluble C:N ratios decreased significantly in the sludged soils. Soluble C and N also increased with depth due to leaching. This study therefore shows that applications of liquid sludge onto desert soils could affect the status of underground aquifers with respect to nitrate pollution.
Prediction and the partial understanding of the law of large numbers

We examined people's understanding of the implications of the law of large numbers for prediction of social behavior and abilities. We found that people possess a partial understanding of the law: They sometimes recognize that one can predict more confidently from larger samples, but do not recognize that one can predict more confidently to larger samples. This partial understanding was reflected not only in the predictions subjects made, but also in the explanations they constructed to account for their predictions. It appears that people's intuitions include the notion that increasing the size of the predictor sample of events increases predictability, whereas they do not include the notion that increasing the size of the predicted sample of events increases predictability.
Optimal advance payment scheme involving fixed per-payment costs

The advance payment scheme is used when a payment larger than the billed amount is made. The extra payment is effectively a cash deposit for credit towards bills in future periods. This study presents a model for determining the optimal cash deposit amount when there is a fixed per-payment cost; the model balances the tradeoff between the fixed payment cost with the lost interest on the cash deposit. We use a renewal theory approach to obtain the long-term expected total cost per period when the bill amounts in a future period are deterministic, exponentially distributed, normally distributed, or Poisson occurrence based with a constant per occurrence charge. For the first two cases, we obtain explicit expressions for the optimal deposit amount; for the latter two, we give numerical procedures. An example in each case is presented, along with a comparison with the usual pay-each-period strategy. We conclude that the advance payment strategy offers significant cost savings when the per-payment cost is relatively large compared with the lost interest of one period's average bill amount; i.e. when interest rate is low or the average bill amount is small.
Peer consultation: a unique experiential model for P/MHNP students.

TOPIC. Peer consultation: A unique experiential model for P/MHNP students. PURPOSE. The purpose of this paper is to describe the consultation component of the Adult Psychiatric Mental Health Graduate Program at UMASS Lowell. The consultation requirement is described in the Professional Role competency as “provides consultation to healthcare providers and others to enhance quality and cost-effective services for patients and to effect change in organizational systems” (NONPF, 2003, p. 10). The activity described in this paper also includes demonstration of components of the competencies for assessment, diagnosis, plan of care, and teaching/coaching (NONPF, 2003). SOURCES. This paper is based on review of the literature and the author's clinical and teaching experience. CONCLUSIONS. Form of classroom instruction is a unique way of assisting students in the development of the professional role as a consultant.
Growth/differentiation factor 5 enhances chondrocyte maturation.

Growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) is required for limb mesenchymal cell condensation and joint formation during skeletogenesis. Here, we use a model consisting of long-term, high-density cultures of chick embryonic limb mesenchymal cells, which undergo the entire life history of chondrocyte development, to examine the effects of GDF5 overexpression on chondrocyte maturation. Exposure to GDF5 significantly enhanced chondrocyte hypertrophy and maturation, as determined by the presence of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen type X protein production, and the presence of a sulfated proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix. Histologic analysis also revealed an increase in cell volume and cellular encasement in larger lacunae in GDF5-treated cultures. Taken together, these results support a role for GDF5 in influencing chondrocyte maturation and the induction of hypertrophy in the late stages of embryonic cartilage development, and provide additional mechanistic insights into the role of GDF5 in skeletal development.
Efficient indexing for strongly similar subimage retrieval

Strongly similar subimages contain different views of the same object. In subimage search, the user selects an image region and the retrieval system attempts to find matching subimages in an image database that are strongly similar. Solutions have been proposed using salient features or "interest points" that have associated descriptor vectors. However, searching large image databases by exhaustive comparison of interest point descriptors is not feasible. To solve this problem, we propose a novel off-line indexing scheme based on the most significant bits (MSBs) of these descriptors. On-line search uses this index file to limit the search to interest points whose descriptors have the same MSB value, a process up to three orders of magnitude faster than exhaustive search. It is also incremental, since the index file for a union of a group of images can be created by merging the index files of the individual image groups. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated experimentally on a variety of image databases.
Discrepancies in Mother and Child Perceptions of Spina Bifida Medical Responsibilities During the Transition to Adolescence: Associations With Family Conflict and Medical Adherence

Objective This study investigated mother–child discrepancies over perceptions of who is responsible for spina bifida (SB) medical tasks in relation to family conflict and medical adherence. Method 140 youth with SB and their mothers completed questionnaires regarding who is responsible for specific SB medical tasks, family conflict, and medical adherence. An observational measure was also used to assess family conflict. Results Although children viewed themselves as more responsible for medical management than mothers did, mother–child discrepancies were not associated with family conflict or medical adherence. Interaction effects revealed that adherence was better when family conflict was low and when parents were responsible for medical tasks. Conclusions Parental involvement in SB medical care is essential for optimal medical adherence during adolescence. The presence of family conflict also plays an influential role on SB medical adherence. Future research should evaluate the relations between discrepancies, family conflict, and medical adherence across time.
Clinical Pharmacists' Role in Improving Osteoporosis Treatment Rates among Elderly Patients with Untreated Atraumatic Fractures

Background:Missed opportunities for osteoporosis detection and treatment following fractures, especially in the elderly, are common. Clinical pharmacy specialist (CPS) intervention may positively impact this deficiency.Objective:To examine the impact of a CPS-managed intervention to identify, screen, and initiate appropriate osteoporosis pharmacotherapy in elderly patients after an atraumatic fracture.Methods:This was a prospective quality improvement analysis. Hospitalized and ambulatory patients who had a diagnosis of atraumatic fracture between July 2002 through August 2003 but were not on osteoporosis pharmacotherapy were identified by CPSs. Bone mineral density (BMD) screening and osteoporosis pharmacotherapy recommendations were made by a CPS when appropriate. Descriptive analyses were performed to determine the proportion of patients initiated on osteoporosis pharmacotherapy or receiving a recommended BMD evaluation.Results:A total of 137 (40 inpatient and 97 ambulatory) female patients were includ...
Correlation between Two New Methods for the Isolation of Human Monocytes: Specific Reversible Agglutination with a Carbohydrate from Pokeweed and by use of the Lectin PA-4

Monocytes play essential roles in the activation of both T and B lymphocytes (1,2,3). To study the interactions of monocytes, as well as other cells, with the responding lymphocytes, methods of fractionating the different cell types are necessary. During our studies on cell surface carbohydrates and carbohydrate receptors on lymphoid cells, it became apparent that human monocytes strongly bound both a complex carbohydrate, and rather specifically bound the lectin Pa-4. These observations led to two new methods for the fractionation of human monocytes from peripheral blood.
Emergency department diagnosis of infective endocarditis using bedside emergency ultrasound

Infective endocarditis is a challenging diagnosis that is rarely made in the emergency department. As the use of focused emergency ultrasound expands into more applications, including advanced echocardiography, the diagnosis of infective endocarditis may be made earlier, potentially leading to more timely treatment. We report a case of an ill-appearing patient presenting to the emergency department with an indwelling central venous catheter, a cardiac murmur, and necrotic toes, who was diagnosed with a large tricuspid vegetation and prominent tricuspid regurgitation on bedside emergency ultrasound. A cardiologist-performed echocardiogram confirmed these findings during the patient's hospital admission.
Frequent adaptation and the McDonald–Kreitman test

Population genomic studies have shown that genetic draft and background selection can profoundly affect the genome-wide patterns of molecular variation. We performed forward simulations under realistic gene-structure and selection scenarios to investigate whether such linkage effects impinge on the ability of the McDonald–Kreitman (MK) test to infer the rate of positive selection (α) from polymorphism and divergence data. We find that in the presence of slightly deleterious mutations, MK estimates of α severely underestimate the true rate of adaptation even if all polymorphisms with population frequencies under 50% are excluded. Furthermore, already under intermediate rates of adaptation, genetic draft substantially distorts the site frequency spectra at neutral and functional sites from the expectations under mutation–selection–drift balance. MK-type approaches that first infer demography from synonymous sites and then use the inferred demography to correct the estimation of α obtain almost the correct α in our simulations. However, these approaches typically infer a severe past population expansion although there was no such expansion in the simulations, casting doubt on the accuracy of methods that infer demography from synonymous polymorphism data. We propose a simple asymptotic extension of the MK test that yields accurate estimates of α in our simulations and should provide a fruitful direction for future studies.
A 28.1dBm class-D outphasing power amplifier in 45nm LP digital CMOS

A 2.25GHz outphasing power amplifier is implemented in a 45nm LP digital CMOS process. The PA is designed in class-D mode for low output impedance and good linearity. The PA delivers 28.1dBm peak CW power with 19.7% system efficiency (includes all drivers). Average OFDM power is 21.4/20.3dBm with efficiency 8.0/6.5% when transmitting WiFi/WiMAX signals respectively.
The Leadership Styles of Women and Men

As women increasingly enter leadership roles that traditionally have been occupied mainly by men, the possibility that the leadership styles of women and men differ continues to attract attention. The focus of these debates on sameness versus difference can obscure the array of causal factors that can produce differences or similarities. Adopting the perspective of social role theory, we offer a framework that encompasses many of the complexities of the empirical literature on the leadership styles of women and men. Supplementing Eagly and Johnson's (1990) review of the interpersonally oriented, task-oriented, autocratic, and democratic styles of women and men, we present new data concerning the transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles.
Metaphor and Political Knowledge

Since the language of political inquiry seems to be inescapably metaphorical, the question necessarily arises as to how metaphors of various types, including models, enter into the composition and expression of political knowledge. The solutions that have been most influential in contemporary political science can be called the verificationist and constitutivist views of political metaphor. While both views contain important elements of truth, there are fundamental difficulties in each that require the search for a more satisfactory view. An alternative view of metaphor and political knowledge is developed by reference to four main problems: Why is political speech metaphorical? How do metaphors make political things manifest? How are political metaphors tested? and Are metaphors indispensable to political expression and political knowledge? Political inquiry has provided fertile soil for the growth of metaphors. For some who have cultivated this soil, metaphors are brambles to be cleared away, not plants that bear fruit in political knowledge. Yet even the critics of metaphors have not been able to avoid them. In the Leviathan, for example, Hobbes makes a strong case against the use of metaphors in science: The light of human minds is perspicuous words, but by exact definitions first snuffed and purged from ambiguity; reason is the pace; increase of science, the way; and the benefit of mankind, the end. And, on the contrary, metaphors, and senseless and ambiguous words, are like ignes fatui; and reasoning upon them is wandering amongst innumerable absurdities; and their end, contention and sedition, or contempt (1955, pp. 29-30).
A statistical multiscale framework for Poisson inverse problems

This paper describes a statistical multiscale modeling and analysis framework for linear inverse problems involving Poisson data. The framework itself is founded upon a multiscale analysis associated with recursive partitioning of the underlying intensity, a corresponding multiscale factorization of the likelihood (induced by this analysis), and a choice of prior probability distribution made to match this factorization by modeling the "splits" in the underlying partition. The class of priors used here has the interesting feature that the "noninformative" member yields the traditional maximum-likelihood solution; other choices are made to reflect prior belief as to the smoothness of the unknown intensity. Adopting the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for use in computing the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate corresponding to our model, we find that our model permits remarkably simple, closed-form expressions for the EM update equations. The behavior of our EM algorithm is examined, and it is shown that convergence to the global MAP estimate can be guaranteed. Applications in emission computed tomography and astronomical energy spectral analysis demonstrate the potential of the new approach.
Synthesis of labeled anti‐inflammatory agents

The synthesis of the anti- inflammatory agents d-2-(6′-methoxy-2′-naphthyl)-propionic acid and 1-2-(6′-methoxy-2′-naphthyl)-propanol labeled with 14C and 3H is described.
On transition mechanisms in vertical natural convection flow

An experimental investigation has been made of the processes occurring during the natural transition from laminar to turbulent flow of natural convection flow of water adjacent to a flat vertical surface where the surface heat flux is uniform. Measurements of both the velocity and temperature fields were made over wide ranges of the heat flux and at various downstream locations. Of principal interest were the definitions of the boundaries of the transition regime and their determination at several values of the surface heat flux. The interaction of the velocity and temperature fields during transition was measured. Our results show that transition events are not correlated in terms of the Grashof number G*. The form G*/xn, where n is of order ½ was found to give satisfactory correlations. Measurements of the frequency and growth rate of disturbances indicate the primacy of the velocity field during transition and show that the growth of turbulence in the temperature field lags behind that in the velocity field. The study of the turbulence growth, in terms of intermittency factors in both the velocity and temperature fields, resulted in unambiguous criteria for the boundaries of the transition regime. Our results suggest a kinetic energy flux parameter E and a single value closely correlates both our measurements of the onset of transition as well as those from all past studies known to us, for both different fluids and heating conditions.
The University of Washington Machine Translation System for ACL WMT 2008

This paper present the University of Washington's submission to the 2008 ACL SMT shared machine translation task. Two systems, for English-to-Spanish and German-to-Spanish translation are described. Our main focus was on testing a novel boosting framework for N-best list reranking and on handling German morphology in the German-to-Spanish system. While boosted N-best list reranking did not yield any improvements for this task, simplifying German morphology as part of the preprocessing step did result in significant gains.
SELECTIVITY IN READERSHIP OF POLITICAL NEWS

\/ V A HAT POLITICAL INFORMATION a reader gets from his newspaper depends primarily on two things-what the newspaper presents to the reader and what the reader v t ~selects from the newspaper. Communications research has concentrated more on questions of content and effects than it has on reader selection. Previous studies, however, leave little doubt that exposure to the mass media is systematic rather than random. There is evidence that some individuals expose themselves more to information about their party and their candidates and that some individuals simply expose themselves to a lot of political content. Both the Erie County study in 1940 and the Elmira study in 1948 showed that there was overlapping in exposure to campaign propaganda.1 For instance, persons who read about the campaign in newspapers were more likely to hear about it on the radio than those who did not read about it in newspapers. On the other hand, there were some indications that individuals read and heard more about their own side. In the Erie County study it was noted that Democrats depended more on radio than Republicans, and Republicans depended more on newspapers than Democrats. It was reasoned that this preference might have reflected the fact that Franklin D. Roosevelt was such a strong radio personality and that most newspapers supported Wendell Willkie editorially.2 In the Elmira study respondents were shown a list of stories that had appeared in the Elmira newspapers and asked which ones they recalled reading. Compilation showed that 54 per cent of the Republicans read more items favorable to Dewey, while 57 per cent of the Democrats read more items favorable to Truman.3 Hovland has suggested that self-selection may explain why communications experiments generally show greater effects of communications than sample surveys do.4 He reasoned that the persons most susceptible