cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rate coefficients for the OH + CFH2CH2OH reaction between 238 and 355 K

The rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CFH2CH2OH → products (k1) between 238 and 355 K was measured using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) technique to be (5.15 ± 0.88) × 10−12 exp[−(330 ± 45)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1; k1(298 K) = 1.70 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The quoted uncertainties are 2σ (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. The present results are discussed in relation to the measured rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with other fluorinated alcohols and those calculated using recently reported structure additivity relationships for fluorinated compounds (K. Tokuhashi, H. Nagai, A. Takahashi, M. Kaise, S. Kondo, A. Sekiya, M. Takahashi, Y. Gotoh and A. Suga, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 2664–2672, ). Infrared absorption cross sections for CFH2CH2OH are reported and they are used to calculate the global warming potentials (GWP) for CFH2CH2OH of ∼8, ∼2, and ∼1, respectively, for the 20, 100 and 500 year horizons. A brief discussion of the atmospheric degradation of CFH2CH2OH is provided. It is concluded that CFH2CH2OH is an acceptable substitute for CFCs in terms of its impact on Earth’s climate and the composition of the atmosphere. The room temperature rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CH3CH2OH → products (k10) was measured to be 3.26 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, in good agreement with recent measurements from this laboratory.
Temperature variation in liquid infiltration and defiltration in a MCM41

In a calometric measurement of infiltration and defiltration of pressurized liquid in a hydrophobic MCM41, it is observed that in nanopores the energy change between solid and liquid phases is dependent on the direction of liquid motion: liquid infiltration is exothermic and liquid defiltration is endothermic. The sorption curves and the temperature variation are insensitive to the loading rate. The magnitude of temperature decrease in defiltration is smaller than the temperature increase in infiltration, fitting well with the hysteresis of the sorption curve. These phenomena can be attributed to the confinement effect of nanopore walls and the thermally/mechanically aided surface diffusion of liquid molecules.
First Miami Conference on Isotope Climatology and Paleoclimatology

Oxygen isotope analysis of deep-sea cores of Globigerina ooze facies has revolutionized the classical picture of four great Quaternary glaciations, separated by long interglacials. It now appears that eight major glaciations occurred during the Brunhes magnetic epoch; that many more occurred before, at least as far back as 3 m.y. ago; and that climate similar to that of today existed for only 5% of Quaternary time. The total number of late Cenozoic glaciations may have been more than thirty, spaced at about 90,000-year intervals. Oxygen isotope analysis of oceanic drill cores has shown that global temperature dropped abruptly 38 m.y. ago and again 16 m.y. ago, the latter drop being related to intensified glaciation in Antarctica, and the analysis of piston cores from the Gulf of Mexico and from off the Niger delta has provided apparent evidence for major surges of the Laurentide and Antarctic ice caps. The more recent climatic record is being studied in detail by means of isotopic analysis of dated tree rings and of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores. Global causes for the onset of the late Cenozoic glaciation may include volcanism, as suggested by the spectacular increase of volcanic dust in Quaternary oceanic sediments, and solar instability, as suggested by the current ‘neutrino crisis.’ These and other topics were discussed by 84 scientists from ten countries during the First Miami Conference on Isotope Climatology and Paleoclimatology.
Barrel construction in rodent neocortex: role of thalamic afferents versus extracellular matrix molecules.

Abstract The rodent primary somatosensory cortex is characterized by aggregates of cellular and axonal elements that replicate the distribution of mystacial vibrissae on the face. The periphery-related cortical pattern ("barrels") is influenced by an amalgam of elements extrinsic (i.e., afferents) and intrinsic (i.e., neurons, glia, and their substrate) to the developing neocortex. To assign the role of some of these elements in cortical pattern formation, we have examined the temporal correlation between periphery-related patterns formed by thalamocortical axons and by extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules associated with neurons and glia in the cortex. Thalamocortical axons were labeled with the lipophilic tracer 1,1'-dioctydecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) in aldehyde-fixed neonatal rat brains, and the same brains were also prepared for immunohistochemical localization of ECM molecules cytotactin and cytotactin-binding proteoglycan. We present evidence that thalamocortical axons form a periphery-related pattern well before such an organization is detectable in the distribution of ECM molecules. Furthermore, a patterned distribution of ECM molecules results from the down-regulation of these molecules from barrel centers, where thalamic axons have established vibrissa-specific patches. We conclude that thalamic axons convey the blueprint of the sensory periphery onto the neocortex and that ECM molecules do not participate in the initial formation of this pattern.
Analytical and Experimental Study of Combustion and Heat Transfer in Submerged Flame Metal Fiber Burners/Heaters

A theoretical model has been developed to predict the thermal performance of inert, direct-fired, woven-metal fiber-matrix porous radiant burner The local chemical heat release was modeled by a detailed mechanism, and convection heat transfer between the gas and the solid phases in the burner was described by an empirical heat transfer coefficient. The solid matrix was modeled as a gray medium, and the discrete ordinates method was used to solve the radiative transfer equation to calculate the local radiation source/sink in the energy equation for the solid phase. The fully coupled nature of the calculations without external specification of flame location represents a key advance over post efforts towards modeling of porous radiant burners, because for a given mass flow rate the actual heat loss from the flame determines its position and is not a free parameter. The calculated results for the burner surface temperature, the gas exhaust temperature and the radiation efficiency for a single layer Fecralloy burner were compared with experimental data from this laboratory and reasonable agreement was obtained for a range of operating conditions.
Design and Analytical Validation of Clinical DNA Sequencing Assays

N Context.—DNA sequencing is the method of choice for mutation detection in many genes. Objectives.—To demonstrate the analytical accuracy and reliability of DNA sequencing assays developed in clinical laboratories. Only general guidelines exist for the validation of these tests. We provide examples of assay validation strategies for DNA sequencing tests. Design.—We discuss important design and validation considerations.
Multi-layer Cortical Learning Algorithms

Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) is a model with hierarchically connected modules doing spatial and temporal pattern recognition, as described by Jeff Hawkins in his book entitled On Intelligence. Cortical Learning Algorithms (CLAs) comprise the second implementation of HTM. CLAs are an attempt by Numenta Inc. to create a computational model of perceptual analysis and learning inspired by the neocortex in the brain. In its current state only an implementation of one isolated region has been completed. The goal of this paper is to test if adding a second higher level region implementing CLAs to a system with just one region of CLAs, helps in improving the prediction accuracy of the system. The LIDA model (Learning Intelligent Distribution Agent - LIDA is a cognitive architecture) can use such a hierarchical implementation of CLAs for its Perceptual Associative Memory.
The Product of the MLD Gene Is a Member of the Membrane Fatty Acid Desaturase Family: Overexpression of MLD Inhibits EGF Receptor Biosynthesis†,‡

Membrane fatty acid desaturases are responsible for inserting double bonds into specific positions in fatty acids. We have cloned a new member of the human membrane fatty acid (lipid) desaturase gene family, MLD. The derived amino acid sequence of MLD contains three consensus motifs, HX3H, HX2HH, and HX2HHXFP, that are characteristic of a group of membrane fatty acid desaturases. MLD is predicted to be a multiple membrane-spanning protein and is found to be extractable from particulate fractions with detergent but not salt or urea. MLD is widely expressed in human tissues and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Cotransfection of MLD with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor resulted in decreased expression of the receptor but did not affect platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression. MLD overexpression inhibited biosynthesis of the EGF receptor, suggesting a possible role of a fatty acid desaturase in regulating biosynthetic processing of the EGF receptor.
Effect of ethidium on the torsion constants of linear and supercoiled DNAs.

Abstract The torsion elastic constants (α) of linear pBR322 (4363 bp) and pUC8 (2717 bp) DNAs and supercoiled pBR322 and pJMSII (4375 bp) DNAs are measured in 0.1 M NaCl as a function of added ethidium/base-pair (EB/BP) ratio by studying the fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA) of the intercalated ethidium. The time-resolved FPA is measured by using a picosecond dye laser for excitation and time-correlated single photon counting detection. Previously developed theory for the emission anisotropy is generalized to incorporate rotations of the transition dipole due to excitation transfer. The excitation transfers are simulated by a Monte Carlo procedure (Genest et al., Biophys. Chem. 1 (1974) 266–278) and the consequent rotations of the transition dipole are superposed on the Brownian rotations. After accounting for excitation transfer, the torsion constants of the linear DNAs are found to be essentially independent of intercalated ethidium up to a binding ratio r = 0.10 dye/bp. Dynamic light scattering measurements on linear pUC8 DNA confirm that the torsion constant is independent of binding ratio up to r = 0.20 dye/bp. If α d denotes the torsion constant between ethidium and a base-pair, and α 0 that between two base-pairs, then our data imply that α d /α 0 lies in the range 0.65 to 1.64 with a most probable value of 1.0. The torsion constants of supercoiled DNAs decrease substantially with increasing binding ratio even after accounting for excitation transfer. At the binding ratio r * = 0.064, where the superhelix density vanishes and superhelical strain is completely relaxed, the torsion constant of the supercoiled pBR322 DNA/dye complex lies below that of the corresponding linear DNA/dye complex by about 30%. This contradicts the conventional view according to which linear, nicked circular, and supercoiled DNA/dye complexes with r = r * should coexist with the same concentration of free dye, display the same distribution of bound dye, and exhibit identical secondary structures, twisting and bending rigidities, and FPA dynamics. These and other observations imply the existence of metastable secondary structure in freshly relaxed supercoiled DNAs. A tentative explanation is presented for these and other unexpected observations on supercoiled DNAS.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES WITH PIEZOELECTRIC WAFER ACTIVE SENSORS

Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) are lightweight and inexpensive enablers for a large class of structural health monitoring (SHM) applications such as: (a) embedded guided-wave ultrasonics, i.e., pitch-catch, pulseecho, phased arrays; (b) high-frequency modal sensing, i.e., the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method; (c) passive detection (acoustic emission and impact detection). The focus of this paper will be on the challenges and opportunities posed by the composite structures as different from the metallic structures on which this methodology was initially developed. After a brief introduction, the paper discusses damage modes in composites. Then, it reviews the PWAS-based SHM principles. It follows with a discussion of guided wave propagation in composites and PWAS tuning effects. Finally, the paper presents some experimental results with damage detection in composite specimens. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions for further work
1557 PROSTAGLANDIN (PG) SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS AND FETAL BREATHING MOVEMENTS (FBM) IN SHEEP BEFORE DELIVERY

In fetal sheep, plasma PGE2 concentrations are high and FBM are intermittent, only in low voltage electrocortical activity (ECoA). Before delivery, as FBM decrease, PGE2 concentrations rise. Meclofenamate, a PG synthesis inhibitor, stimulates FBM even in high voltage ECoA (HVSA), while PGE2 inhibits FBM. Therefore, before delivery, the rise in plasma PGE2 concentration may decrease FBM. To test this hypothesis, we suppressed PG production by continuously infusing Meclofenamate (0.8 mg/kg/h) into 5 fetal sheep (Mec) for 5-13d until delivery (133 to 150d gest). We infused solvent into 4 controls (Con) for 5-lld (131 to 146d gest). Both groups had similar daily pH, PCO2 PO2 and ECoA. Other results are: Though Meclofenamate decreased PGE2 concentrations, both groups had a similar decrease in the incidence of FBM during the two days before delivery. However, Meclofenamate increased the incidence of FBM in HVSA until the day before delivery. We conclude that the decrease in the incidence of FBM before delivery is not dependent on high plasma PGE2 concentrations.
Economic tradeoffs in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem: Herring and whale-watching

Abstract This research attempts to quantify some of the effects of localized depletion of herring by examining the search times of commercial whale-watching vessels. Whale-watching vessels are indirect users of herring; whales feed on herring and may disperse when prey availability is low. A dataset of daily whale-watching outcomes is combined with fishing effort and oceanographic data to test the hypothesis that intensive fishing effort increases the search time of whale-watching companies. Our results suggest that fishing may have a detrimental impact on search time; however, the magnitude of this effect is fairly small. We find policy that the recently enacted policy which prohibits fishing for herring in whale-watching areas would decrease search times by a small amount. We find some evidence of a localized aggregation effect; search times are the lowest when herring are spawning in the inshore areas. These results should be of interest to policymakers in determining future fishing regulations in an ecosystem-based fisheries management context.
Chronic granulomatous otitis externa as an initial presentation of cutaneous Crohn disease.

Importance In the limited number of Crohn disease cases involving the head and neck, there is a predilection for mucosal surfaces and rare reports of involvement in the postauricular region. To our knowledge, in all previously reported cases involving the head and neck, the patients had a known diagnosis of Crohn disease. Observations This case describes a 10-year-old boy with a history of psoriasis and psoriasiform dermatitis who presented with bilateral chronic granulomatous otitis externa, obliteration of the external auditory canal, and fissuring, resulting in separation of the lobule from the preauricular skin. Conclusions and Relevance Pathologic examination results were consistent with granulomatous dermatitis concerning for cutaneous Crohn disease, and a subsequent gastroenterologic workup confirmed the diagnosis of Crohn disease. This is a report of chronic granulomatous otitis as the initial presentation of cutaneous Crohn disease in a child.
Influence of maternal diabetes on placental fibroblast growth factor-2 expression, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Type I diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is associated with dysregulation of the oxygen and glucose metabolic pathways, both of which affect placental villous growth and function. Alteration of placental development in women with diabetes may contribute to the increased risk of preeclampsia, macrosomia, or fetal growth restriction. To evaluate placental growth in the setting of maternal diabetes, immunohistochemical techniques were used to examine fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression, cell proliferation (Ki67), and apoptosis (Apo-Tag) in placentas from diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Immunostaining for FGF-2 in placentas from diabetic women demonstrated an increase in intensity within the villous stroma and syncytiotrophoblast (P <.05). Associated with these changes in FGF-2 expression, placentas from diabetic women showed no change in villous mitotic activity but did show decreased stromal compartment apoptosis. When expressed as a ratio of Ki67-positive:Apo-Tag-positive nuclei as an index of relative cell turnover, the stromal compartment showed a significant trend towards decreased nuclei turnover (P <.05), suggesting relative tissue growth in diabetic patients. Increased FGF-2 expression and decreased stromal cell compartment turnover in the diabetic placenta might be a compensatory mechanism in response to the altered physiologic milieu of maternal diabetes on placental function. (J Soc Gynecol Investig 2004;11:36–41)
Epidemiological ramifications of diagnosing diabetes with HbA1c levels.

Abstract Aims To compare the prevalence of diabetes by history and using the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) criterion alone, the HbA1c criterion alone or either one in those not known to have diabetes. Methods Analysis of NHANES population ≥ 20 years old from 1999 through 2010. Results In those diagnosed by laboratory tests, 86% met the FPG criterion and 53% met the HbA1c criterion. The prevalence of diabetes (history or laboratory test) was significantly increased when the FPG criterion was used compared with the HbA1c criterion in the entire (11.5% vs 10.5%, P = 0.018) and Caucasian (10.6% vs 9.2%, P = 0.022) populations. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the prevalence when only the FPG criterion was used compared with only the HbA1c criterion in Hispanics (12.9% vs 12.1% P = 0.386) and African Americans (14.5 vs 14.3%, P = 0.960). Using history and either criterion in those not known to have it, diabetes increased by 61% in this 12 year period in adults ≥ 20 years old. Conclusions Using the FPG rather than the HbA1c criterion to diagnose diabetes in those without a history significantly increased the total prevalence of diabetes in Caucasians but not in African Americans or Hispanics.
The Intermediate Filament Protein Vimentin Is a New Target for Epigallocatechin Gallate

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the major active polyphenol in green tea. Protein interaction with EGCG is a critical step in the effects of EGCG on the regulation of various key proteins involved in signal transduction. We have identified a novel molecular target of EGCG using affinity chromatography, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry for protein identification. Spots of interest were identified as the intermediate filament, vimentin. The identification was confirmed by Western blot analysis using an anti-vimentin antibody. Experiments using a pull-down assay with [3H]EGCG demonstrate binding of EGCG to vimentin with a Kd of 3.3 nm. EGCG inhibited phosphorylation of vimentin at serines 50 and 55 and phosphorylation of vimentin by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. EGCG specifically inhibits cell proliferation by binding to vimentin. Because vimentin is important for maintaining cellular functions and is essential in maintaining the structure and mechanical integration of the cellular space, the inhibitory effect of EGCG on vimentin may further explain its anti-tumor-promoting effect.
Radiographic evaluation of diffuse interstitial lung disease: Review of a dying art

The chest radiographic interpretation of interstitial lung disease is discussed by using a pattern approach. Patterns discussed are the Peripheral Reticular, Linear, Cystic, Nodular, and Ground-glass. The radiographic characteristics of each pattern are described, and the causes of each pattern are reviewed with attention to their usual clinical presentation. An understanding of the characteristic radiographic manifestations of various interstitial lung diseases can lead to improved diagnosis.
Teaching Employees with Intellectual Disabilities to Manage Changing Work Routines Using Varied Sight-Word Checklists.

This study examined the effects of teaching employees with moderate intellectual disabilities to use sight-word checklists as antecedent prompts to self-initiate job tasks in varied and novel sequences. The intervention package consisted of (a) sight word reading and comprehension instruction, and (b) self-management training using first a consistently ordered sight-word checklist and then varied checklists in which the word order representing job sequences varied across sessions. A multiple probe design across participants was used to evaluate (a) the effects of sight word instruction and self-management training on the participants' self-initiations of job tasks, and b) the effects of a consistently ordered (i.e., single exemplar) versus varied (i.e., multiple exemplars) checklists on the participants' performance across novel job sequences. Results indicated that the training package was effective in teaching the employees to use sight-word checklists to initiate job tasks, but only when the employees ...
A Novel Distributed Authentication Framework for Single Sign-On Services

In this paper we present a novel single sign-on scheme known as secure distributed single sign-on (SeDSSO). SeDSSO provides secure fault-tolerant authentication using threshold key encryption with a distributed authentication service. The authentication service consists of n total authentication servers utilizing a (t, n) threshold encryption scheme, where t distinct server-signed messages are required to generate a message signed by the service. SeDSSO provides secure portable identities by defining a two-factor identity that uses both a username/password and a unique USB device. The combination of a distributed authentication service and two-factor identities allows SeDSSO to securely authenticate users in any environment.
Where the Rubber Meets the Road: Rethinking the Connection Between High-Stakes Testing Policy and Classroom Instruction

In this article, the author examines the link between high-stakes testing policies and classroom instruction. Using data from classroom observations and interviews with teachers, he argues that these policies influence instruction but are mediated by teachers and filtered through their collegial interactions. He shows that teachers link the influence of high-stakes testing policies to instructional content (the knowledge and skills that they emphasize) more often than pedagogy (how they engage students around instructional content). As a result, didactic instruction dominates, especially in predominantly low-income and African American schools, in a policy environment that encourages addressing racial and class achievement gaps by increasing the use of interactive forms of instruction. The author concludes that researchers should be cautious not to overstate the impact of these policies on pedagogy and educational equity.
Superior mesenteric venous thrombosis related to Peterson's hernia.

A 49-year-old man presented with a 1-day history of sharp, intermittent, left-sided abdominal pain. His history included laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 2 years earlier. His complaints consisted of intermittent nausea relieved by food and constipation without vomiting or abdominal distension. On examination, he was comfortable, with normal vital signs. The abdominal examination revealed a soft, nondistended abdomen with minimal tenderness in the epigastrum and left side of the abdomen. Laboratory studies revealed a normal white blood cell count, liver function tests, and pancreatic enzymes. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a filling defect in the SMV extending up into the portal vein with congestive edema of the mesentery, consistent with venous thrombosis. The patient was admitted, and intravenous heparin was started. However, without a history of a hypercoagulable disorder, he was taken to the operating room for exploratory laparoscopy to determine whether the cause for the thrombosis was anatomic. On entering the abdomen, the entire small bowel, except for the distal 100 cm, appeared edematous but not ischemic. As the bowel was manipulated, we noted some resistance to
New Techniques for Clay Mineral Identification by Remote Sensing: ABSTRACT

In the past three years there have been major advancements in our ability to identify clay minerals by remote sensing. Two different technologies have been used--imaging broad-band multispectral scanners and non-imaging narrow-band radiometers and spectrometers. Multispectral scanners, including NASA's Thematic Mapper Simulator (analog for Landsat-D Thematic Mapper) have had several broad-band channels in the wavelength region of 1.0 to 2.5 µm. In particular, the wavelength region 2.0 to 2.5 µm contains diagnostic spectral-absorption features for most layered silicates. Computer processing of image data obtained with these scanners has allowed the identification of the presence of clay minerals, without, however, being able to identify specific mineralogies. Studies of areas with known hydrocarbon deposits and porphyry copper deposits have demonstrated the value of this information for rock-type discrimination and recognition of hydrothermal alteration zones. Non-imaging, narrow-band radiometers and spectrometers have been used in the field, from aircraft, and from space to identify individual mineralogical constituents. This can be done because of diagnostic spectral absorption features in the 2.0 to 2.5 µm region characteristic of different clay types. The Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR), flown on the second flight of the space shuttle Columbia in 1981, had 10 narrow-band channels specifically chosen to evaluate the ability to identify directly clay minerals and carbonates. Preliminary analysis of SMIRR data over Egypt showed that kaolinite, carbonate rocks, and possibly montmorillonite, could be identified directly. Plans are currently under way for development of narrow-band imaging systems which will be capable of producing maps showing the surface distribution of individual clay types. This will represent a major step in remote sensing, by allowing unique identification of minerals rather than the current ability only to discriminate among materials. Applications of this technology will provide geologists with a powerful new tool for resource exploration and general geologic mapping problems. The research described in this abstract was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 410------------
‘Apparitions, and Ghosts’: H(a)unting Donne's Letters

This paper is part of a Literature Compass panel cluster on the forthcoming Oxford edition of Donne's letters. Margaret Maurer introduces the cluster which offers papers by the three editors and seeks to examine the new directions the edition will pursue. The papers were originally delivered to the members of the John Donne Society in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in February 2008. The cluster is made up of the following articles: ‘The Oxford Edition of Donne's Letters: Well Underway’, Margaret Maurer, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00598.x. ‘“Apparitions, and Ghosts”: H(a)unting Donne's Letters’, M. Thomas Hester, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00599.x. ‘“Only in Obedience” to Whom? – The Identity of a Donne Correspondent’, Dennis Flynn, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00600.x. ‘Problems in Editing John Donne's Letters: Unreliable Primary Materials’, Ernest W. Sullivan, II, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00601.x. *** One way in which we might (in part) approach the problem of establishing the canon of Donne's familiar letters is indicated through a brief review of two of what Donne called his epistolary ‘apparitions, and ghosts’– letters lacking ‘a convenient handsome body of news. . . . spun out of nothing’ (Letters 121), two letters, that is, that lack (or at first hand seem to lack) any substantial internal data beyond their style that would identify them as Donne's: (a) his problematic letter ‘To the Lady G.’ (first printed in Marriott's 1635 Poems); and (b) the transcription of the unsigned, unaddressed, and undated ‘I promised a iorney’ in the even more problematic ‘Burley MS’. An examination of the approach of both nineteenth- and twentieth-century readings of the first letter provides an example of how we can determine Donne's authorship of the second letter through particular attention to the style of these two representative letters.
Outcomes after stent graft therapy for dissection-related aneurysmal degeneration in the descending thoracic aorta.

Objective Stent graft therapy has emerged as an alternative to open surgery in the management of chronic dissection-related aneurysmal degeneration (DRAD) in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA). The incidence of perioperative complications, need for secondary aortic intervention (SAI), and rate of aneurysmal false-lumen thrombosis have not been thoroughly described. Methods Perioperative and midterm outcomes in patients who underwent stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA at a single institution between January 2006 and September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative anatomic factors, including the number of visceral and renal side branches off the false lumen, and false lumen volume, were analyzed for their ability to predict treatment failure. Treatment failure was defined as death, need for a SAI, and failure to achieve thrombosis of the DRAD DTA. Treatment success was defined as thrombosis of the false lumen in the area of the DRAD DTA with stability or a decrease in the maximum diameter of the DRAD DTA. Results During the study period, 47 patients underwent stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA. Patients were a mean age of 58.3 ± 11.7 years, 74.5% (n = 35) were male, and 14.9% (n = 7) had a history of connective tissue disease. The left subclavian artery was covered in 48.9% (n = 23), and revascularization was performed in 87.0% (n = 20). Spinal drains were used in 74.5% (n = 35). Spinal cord ischemia developed in 6.4% (n = 3), which resolved in two and improved in one. No retrograde aortic dissections occurred. The 30-day mortality was 4.3% (n = 2); one death was in a patient with rupture. Mean clinical follow-up was 35.1 ± 20.9 months. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 89% ± 5%. Treatment failure occurred in 18 patients (38.3%): 9 required SAIs, 6 did not have thrombosis of the false lumen in the area of the DRAD DTA, and 4 died, with 1 patient dying during a SAI. No preoperative anatomic factor predicted treatment failure. The 5-year freedom from treatment failure was 54% ± 9%. Including the nine patients who underwent SAI, treatment success was achieved in 85.2% of patients. Conclusions In this single-center experience of stent graft therapy for chronic DRAD DTA, treatment success was achieved in 85% of patients after a SAI rate of 20%. No preoperative anatomic factor predicted treatment failure, which occurred in almost 40% of the patients. Identifying predictors of treatment failure may improve future outcomes.
Common Professional Practices That Interfere with the Integrated Delivery of Related Services

This study provides descriptive data regarding the prevalence of seven professional practices believed to interfere with the integrated delivery of related services for students with handicapping conditions in public schools. Based on questionnaire responses from 585 educators, parents, and related service personnel (e.g., speech/language pathologists, occupational therapists, physical therapists) from across the United States, these data highlight foundational issues that have an impact on the integrated delivery of related services that are necessary for some students to benefit from special education. Professional practices are presented that are believed to facilitate the integrated delivery of related services, as well as those believed to interfere with it. Results of the study document the prevalence of the interfering practices as reported by study participants, and also the extent to which parents and general education teachers report a lack of critical information about the provision of related ...
Evaluation of fuel consumption rates and thermal efficiency of automobiles by application of furnace analysis

Abstract Analysis of automobile fuel consumption data reported by Cope (1973) has shown that behavior obeys a simple relation between fuel consumption rate (in gal/hr/) and speed (in m.p.h.) for all vehicles tested, with and without air conditioning, with vehicles differentiated by different experimental values of three equation constants: an intrinsic efficiency parameter, a theoretical maximum velocity, and the idle consumption. These parameters determine the optimum speed for the best m.p.g. The results show that the optimum speed increases with idle losses; however, the proportional efficiency also falls. The effect of some other factors can also be identified in the equations and parameter values: air conditioning, for example, can have a large effect on a small engine or on a highly tuned engine in a light weight car, but quite minor effect on a large engine in a heavy car. Implications for the future are also discussed.
A Sentence Is Not a Complete Thought: X-Word Grammar

X-Word Grammar provides an editing technique for students that is more reliable than trying to identify sentences as complete thoughts. A sentence is redefined as "a group of words that can be turned into a yes-no question with no words left over; starts with a capital letter, and ends with a terminal punctuation mark." Twenty auxiliary verbs play a key role by moving around the subject of a sentence to identify the correct structure of a sentence using both visual and oral means. Stressing editing skills, teachers can use X-Word Grammar as a means to simplify sentence punctuation, address verb endings, carry out other tasks in editing and evaluating writing.
Rotation Of the Colorado Plateau: An updated analysis of paleomagnetic poles

All available Jurassic, Triassic, and late Paleozoic paleomagnetic poles from the Colorado Plateau and stable North America are used to estimate the rotation of the Colorado Plateau relative to stable North America since Jurassic time. The paleomagnetic poles differ from those of a prior study (Bryan and Gordon, 1986) through the addition of seven recently published poles, the deletion of one pole, and the replacement of two others. The authors also improve on the prior analysis by omitting Cretaceous poles. From the systematic offset between plateau poles and stable North American poles they estimate rotation of the Colorado Plateau to be 5.0{degree} {sup +2.4{degree}}{sub {minus}2.3{degree}} (95% confidence limits) clockwise, {approximately}1{degree} larger than they found before. The null hypothesis of no systematic difference between plateau poles and stable North American poles can be rejected with a formally high level of confidence (99.99%). The hypothesis that the systematic differences between plateau and off-plateau poles is as large as 10{degree}, as proposed by several workers using fewer poles, can be rejected at an equally high level of confidence.
Rendering volumetric data in molecular systems

Abstract A raster-based computer graphics method of imaging volumetric data (data sampled on a three-dimensional grid) has been added to an existing molecular rendering program. Any molecular property expressed as a 3D grid of scalar data values can be displayed around and inside of the molecular van der Waals surface as a collection of colored clouds and transparent surfaces. Different antical properties, such as color and opacity, are assigned to ranges of the molecular property and are rendered by a ray-tracing technique simulating the shading and shadowing of real objects, making the final images highly eadable. We have found useful applications in the visualization of crystallographic electron density, electrostatic potentials and protein active sites.
Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Paclitaxel/Lonidamine Loaded EGFR-Targeted Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Cancer

The treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) cancer is a clinical challenge. Many MDR cells over-express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We exploit this expression through the development of EGFR-targeted, polymer blend nanocarriers for the treatment of MDR cancer using paclitaxel (a common chemotherapeutic agent) and lonidamine (an experimental drug; mitochondrial hexokinase 2 inhibitor). An orthotopic model of MDR human breast cancer was developed in nude mice and used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nanoparticle treatment. The efficacy parameters included tumor volume measurements from day 0 through 28 days post-treatment, terminal tumor weight measurements, tumor density and morphology assessment through hematoxylin and eosin staining of excised tumors, and immunohistochemistry of tumor sections for MDR protein markers (P-glycoprotein, Hypoxia Inducible Factor, EGFR, Hexokinase 2, and Stem Cell Factor). Toxicity was assessed by tracking changes in animal body weight from day 0 through 28 days post-treatment, by measuring plasma levels of the liver enzymes ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), and by white blood cell and platelet counts. In these studies, this nanocarrier system demonstrated superior efficacy relative to combination (paclitaxel/lonidamine) drug solution and single agent treatments in nanoparticle and solution form. The combination nanoparticles were the only treatment group that decreased tumor volume, sustaining this decrease until the 28 day time point. In addition, treatment with the EGFR-targeted lonidamine/paclitaxel nanoparticles decreased tumor density and altered the MDR phenotype of the tumor xenografts. These EGFR-targeted combination nanoparticles were considerably less toxic than solution treatments. Due to the flexible design and simple conjugation chemistry, this nanocarrier system could be used as a platform for the development of other MDR cancer therapies; the use of this system for EGFR-targeted, combination paclitaxel/lonidamine therapy is an advance in personalized medicine.
The Equity Premium and Structural Breaks

A long return history is useful in estimating the current equity premium even if the historical distribution has experienced structural breaks. The long series helps not only if the timing of breaks is uncertain but also if one believes that large shifts in the premium are unlikely or that the premium is associated, in part, with volatility. Our framework incorporates these features along with a belief that prices are likely to move opposite to contemporaneous shifts in the premium. The estimated premium since 1834 fluctuates between four and six percent and exhibits its sharpest drop in the last decade.
Recent Trends of Large Bowel Cancer in Japan Compared to United States and England and Wales

The death rate from tumours of the colon and rectum has risen rapidly in Japan since World War II. The rate of increase is greater in tumours of colon than in tumours of rectum. It is similar in males and females. It is large among the elderly, and this may be due to improvements in certification. But the difference between the Japanese and the US population is substantial at all ages. It is not known whether the current increase in the mortality of Japanese from tumours of the large bowel is due to differences between birth cohorts established early in life, or whether the differences developed after the end of World War II. Japanese who die of these tumours are younger than Americans, even when the age distribution of the populations is allowed for. This effect is produced by the differences between cohorts, and the age distributions within cohorts are closely similar in the two populations. The sex ratio for tumours of rectum rises with age in Japan in the same way that it does in the West, but the sex ratio of tumours of colon is apparently independent of age.
Consumption of a Dangerous Ant (Camponotus vicinus) by a Threatened Minnow (Notropis simus pecosensis)

Abstract We report a live Pecos bluntnose shiner (Notropis simus pecosensis) with a dead, major-worker, carpenter ant (Camponotus vicinus) locked onto its lower jaw. The shiner apparently ingested the ant.
P-ASA block injection: a new palatal technique to anesthetize maxillary anterior teeth.

UNLABELLED This technique article presents a new local anesthetic injection that is reported to produce anesthesia of the six maxillary anterior teeth, the anterior third of the palate, and the facial gingiva from a single-site injection. The injection is referred to as the palatal approach anterior superior alveolar (P-ASA) nerve block. The 0.9 to 1.4 mL dosage recommendation for this block injection is significantly less than for a traditional supraperiosteal approach. The primary advantage of this injection is that it allows the dentist to anesthetize the teeth and gingiva without collateral anesthesia to the lips, face, or muscles of facial expression. Therefore, the smile line is not distorted during the operative phase of an appointment, and the patient is more comfortable postoperatively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The P-ASA is a new block injection technique that provides anesthesia of the maxillary anterior teeth from a single injection without numbness of the face, lips, and muscles of facial expression. This injection technique prevents distortion of the smile line and enhances restorative procedures that use the lip line as an esthetic reference element.
Harmony of Hearts: Marital Love in Beethoven's Leonore of 1806

After the failure of Beethoven's opera Fidelio, oder die eheliche Liebe in 1805, a series of reviews criticized the dramatic layout of the opera and Beethoven's musical setting. Much of the critical response to the first version focuses on an incongruity between the opera's first two acts and its final act. This incongruity manifested itself above all in the suddenness with which the bourgeois marital fantasies of the character of Marzelline gave way to the marital ideals of Leonore in the final act. The duet “O namenlose Freude!” was singled out along these lines for failing to achieve an appropriate musical characterization. Beethoven revised the opera for a production in early 1806 that was much more successful. The revisions he made in the 1806 version are almost always understood as rushed solutions to the most serious problems posed by the original version of the opera. Yet the fact that many of the more elaborate revisions survived until the final version of 1814 suggests that Beethoven and his collaborators did not simply act in haste. As the opera's climactic expression of marital love, “O namenlose Freude!” offers a particularly revealing window on how his ideas about marriage motivated the revision process. In this article I propose a new reading of the 1806 Leonore based on the critical reception of the opera's first performances of 1805 and an examination of ideas about marital love at the turn of the nineteenth century.
Reality and Perception of Copyright Terms of Service for Online Content Creation

From amateur creativity to social media status updates, nearly every Internet user is also a content creator-but who owns that content? Policy, including intellectual property rights, is a necessary but often invisible part of online content sharing and social computing environments. We analyzed the copyright licenses contained in the Terms of Service of 30 different websites where users contribute content, then conducted a survey to match perceptions of copyright terms to the reality. We found that licensing terms vary in unpredictable ways, and that user expectations and opinions differ by license and by type of website. Moreover, the most undesirable terms, such as right to modify, appear more frequently than users expect. We argue that users care about how their content can be used yet lack critical information. Site designers should take user needs and community norms into account in creating and explaining copyright policies.
Oxygen Exchange on ReO4- and TcO4- by 17O-NMR

The kinetics of oxygen exchange between TcO4- and solvent water has been examined at 25 °C using 17O NMR measurements. The data suggest the rate equation kobs = kH[H+]2 + k0. The rate constant for the [TcO4-][H+]2 term is 32.6 M-2 s-1, which is a factor of 2 smaller than that for ReO4-. Oxygen exchange with solvent water at neutral pH is extremely slow for both TcO4- and ReO4- with the acid independent rate constants being 5 × 10-9 M-1 s-1 and 1.4 × 10-8 M-1 s-1, respectively. In the presence of the complexing citrate ion the ReO4-−H2O exchange is dramatically increased in the acid independent region, but this ligand has little effect on TcO4-. This suggests that ReO4-, but not TcO4-, is capable of expanding its coordination number. In agreement with this concept of coordination number expansion, there is no significant [OH-] dependent term in the rate law for TcO4-, as there is for ReO4-.
Monolithic pixel detectors in a deep submicron SOI process

A compact charge-signal processing chain, composed of a two-stage semi-gaussian preamplifier-signal shaping filter, a discriminator and a binary counter, implemented in a prototype pixel detector using 0.20 {micro}m CMOS Silicon on Insulator process, is presented. The gain of the analog chain was measured 0.76 V/fC at the signal peaking time about 300 ns and the equivalent noise charge referred to the input of 80 e{sup -1}.
Improving oncologic outcomes for colorectal cancer at high risk for local–regional recurrence with novel surgical techniques

Despite innovation in surgical technology, colorectal adenocarcinoma is a disease process with a risk of local and regional progression of disease. This article seeks to identify patients with primary disease who are at high risk for minimal residual disease from cancer spread after resection. These are the patients who will profit from novel perioperative surgical treatments that will improve the clearance and containment of cancer cells disseminated prior to or at the time of the adenocarcinoma resection. Clinical factors that identify these patients at high risk for local recurrence and peritoneal metastases are presented. Data regarding novel surgical techniques that include perioperative cancer chemotherapy to provide more optimal treatment are described. The perioperative timing of the revised surgical options is emphasized.