cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia and outcomes in patients with sepsis

van Vught and coworkers studied the relationship between admission glucose levels greater than 70 mg/dL and outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis (1). This study included 987 patients; the distribution of admission glucose values measured in the time frame of 4 h before admission to 4 h after admission included 519 patients with euglycemia (71–140 mg/dL), 267 patients with mild hyperglycemia (140–199 mg/dL), and 201 patients with severe hyperglycemia (≥200 mg/dL). These glucose measurements were obtained early in the sepsis course and presumably reflect glucose regulation before treatment of infection and of elevated glucose levels. Patients with mild and severe hyperglycemia were older, had higher body mass indices, and had more chronic co-morbidity. In addition, 53.7% of patients with severe hyperglycemia had a history of diabetes. The proportion of patients with organ failure was similar in the three groups, but shock on ICU admission was significantly more frequent in patients admitted with normal glucose levels. Patients with severe hyperglycemia developed acute kidney injury and acute myocardial infarction more frequently while in the ICU. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with severe hyperglycemia had an increased risk for mortality by day 30 compared to patients with euglycemia (hazard ratio =1.66; 95% CI, 1.24–2.23). This adverse effect of severe hyperglycemia was present in both patients with and without diabetes. There appeared to be a complex interaction between glucose levels and lactate levels in this study. In the overall cohort and in patients with diabetes, hyperglycemia was associated with increased mortality after correction for the highest lactate value obtained during the first 24 h. However, hyperglycemia was not associated with increased mortality in patients without diabetes after adjustment for lactate. Patients with sepsis had increased acute phase protein responses and activation of cytokine networks, the vascular endothelium, and coagulation pathways. There was no increase in these levels suggesting unregulated cytokine production, and these responses were reduced or blunted in patients with both mild and severe hyperglycemia. This information on inflammatory responses is relevant to both host defense responses to infection and to dysregulated host defense responses and organ dysfunction associated with sepsis.
The determination of resonance energy in conjugated benzenoids: A combined experimental and theoretical approach

Abstract The conjugated circuits model of aromaticity in benzenoids is reconsidered. Values for the parameters R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are rederived from experimental enthalpies of formation. It is shown that the value of R 3 depends on the shape as well as the size of a 14-cycle. R 3 values are found to obey the relation R 3 pyrene > R 3 anthracene > R 3 phenanthrene .
From Hometown to Battlefield in the Civil War Era: Middle Class Life in Midwest America

Mahoney examines how members of the middle class from small cities across the great West were transformed by boom and bust, years of recession, and civil war. He argues that in their encounters with national economic forces, the national crisis in politics, and the Civil War, middle class people were cut adrift from the social identity that they had established in the 'face to face' communities of the 'hometowns' of the urban West. By grounding them in their hometown ethos, and understanding how the Panic of 1857 and the subsequent recession undermined their lives, the author provides important insights into how they encountered, responded to, and were changed by their experiences in the Civil War. Providing a rare view of social history through the framework of the Civil War, the author documents, in both breadth and depth, the dramatic change and development of modern life in nineteenth-century America.
Human-Machine Interaction in the Cockpit and Applicable Design Changes Towards Better Collaboration

Current flight deck automation has improved the safety and efficiency of commercial aviation but a broad consensus has developed over the last 20 years that this technology is deficient in some areas. It has been developed in an ad hoc manner and without a human centered approach; leading to problems regarding the human/machine interaction and adversely impacting decision making throughout the flight. Current procedures and design do not give automation liability although it has great authority and autonomy during most phases of flight. Cockpit automation has not been designed in such a way to provide adequate and unambiguous feedback to the human operator as to its current and intended actions. More or different training is the most common response to this problem but has failed to fully compensate for the design flaws in current automated systems. Accidents that cite pilot error do not always acknowledge how difficult it is for human operators to overcome fundamental, system level, flaws in the design of the machines they work with. This paper proposes some changes in cockpit automation design that will improve the vigilance of the pilots and therefore create better decision-making. Numerous accident and incident reports have been cited by regulatory authorities when making changes in automated flight operation regulations. This reflects a “reactive” approach to FAA automated flight safety guidelines and highlights the need for an improved governance system in the cockpit. This paper also provides a literature review for current studies on human-machine interaction related to the cockpit.
Impact of Students’ Perceived Organization Antisocial Behavior or Job Choice

This study examines the impact of marketing students’ perceived organization antisocial behavior on their job choices. It examines criteria for job choice and organization antisocial actions that hinder recruiting of students.
Measurements at synchrotrons and FELs: Some differences observed with the CSPAD

A series of measurements to validate the performance of the CSPAD were performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) and at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). These were important steps to complete the development of the detector, characterize its behavior under typical experimental conditions, and implement calibration procedures. In this paper we report differences observed in the response of the CSPAD to these very different sources. Particularly the linearity at very high fluence was investigated with correlation plots and weighting-function response.
Maximum likelihood defect localization in a pipe using guided acoustic waves

We discuss image formation using Maximum Likelihood (ML) for the localization of defects in pipes. We make use of guided waves (similar to Lamb waves in plates). We utilize a data-driven approach based on a priori measurements of the Green's function for a pre-defined number of grid points to overcome the complex modeling problem of dispersive, multi-modal guided waves in this environment. We then compute the ML estimate of reflectivity at each pixel given some received signal vector. We compare this approach to both backprojection and MUSIC imaging for the same set of reference and test data. We show that, for synthesized defects in a lab setting, all three approaches successfully image the defects. However, in situ measurements taken on an active hot water return pipe show that only Maximum Likelihood imaging is successful in a realistic operational environment.
Predictors of Averse Events After Total Laryngectomy: An Analysis of the 2005-2011 NSQIP Datasets

Background: We reviewed the 2005-2011 ACS-NSQIP database to evaluate factors associated with adverse events (AE) after total laryngectomy (TL). Methods: All total laryngectomies performed from 2006 to 2011 were identified for analysis. The cohort was characterized with respect to preoperative and demographic characteristics, complications, reoperation, and mortality. Results: 493 cases were identified. Complications of any category occurred in 189 cases (38.3%). Factors that were found to confer significant risk for medical complications were increased age [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.03], prior PCI (OR 2.84), disseminated cancer (OR 2.47), chronic steroid/immunosuppresion use (OR 2.87), unintended weight loss > 10% over 6 months prior to surgery (OR 2.02), increasing work RVU total (OR 1.02), and increased anesthesia Z-score (OR 1.31). Only increased anesthesia Z-score (OR 1.27) was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for surgical complications. Chronic steroid/immunosuppression use (OR 3.16) and increased anesthesia Z-score (OR 1.29) were both found to be statistically significant risk factors of reoperation within 30 days. Conclusions: NSQIP is the only dataset that correctly discerns between minimally invasive and wide excision in laryngectomy. The use of the NSQIP dataset may be imperfect, as pertinent details of chemotherapy and radiation, and procedure-specific complications, including fistula formation, are not tracked. In spite of this, our findings suggest avenues for improvement in the care of TL patients, and suggest directions for a laryngectomy-specific outcomes database. DOI : 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-14-429 Corresponding Author: Jon P Ver Halen, MD, FACS, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Baptist Cancer Center; Department of Surgery, St. Jude Childrens’ Research Hospital; Department of Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 3268 Duke Circle, Germantown, TN 38139 Email: jpverhalen@gmail.com Tel: (206) 963-8714, Fax: (901) 227-9825 Running Head: Tracking laryngectomy using NSQIP
Evaluation of algorithms to identify delirium in administrative claims and drug utilization database

Purpose To evaluate the performance of delirium-identification algorithms in administrative claims and drug utilization data. Methods We used data from a prospective study of 184 older adults who underwent aortic valve replacement at a single academic medical center to evaluate the following delirium-identification algorithms: (1) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes for delirium; (2) antipsychotics use; (3) either ICD diagnosis codes or antipsychotics use; and (4) both ICD diagnosis codes and antipsychotics use. These algorithms were evaluated against a validated bedside assessment, the Confusion Assessment Method, and a validated delirium severity scale, the CAM-S. Results Delirium occurred in 66 patients (36%), of which 14 (21%) had hyperactive or mixed features and 15 (23%) had severe delirium. ICD diagnosis codes for delirium were present in 15 patients (8%). Antipsychotics were used in 13 patients (7%). ICD diagnosis codes alone and antipsychotics use alone had comparable sensitivity (18% vs. 18%) and specificity (98% vs. 99%). Defining delirium using either ICD diagnosis codes or antipsychotics use, sensitivity improved to 30% with little change in specificity (97%). This algorithm showed higher sensitivity for hyperactive or mixed delirium (64%) and severe delirium (73%). Requiring both ICD diagnosis codes and antipsychotics use resulted in perfect specificity but low sensitivity (6%). Conclusion Delirium-identification algorithms in claims data have low sensitivity and high specificity. Defining delirium using ICD diagnosis codes or antipsychotics use performs better than considering either type of information alone. This information should inform the design and interpretation of claims-based comparative effectiveness and safety research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable Collision Detection for Time-Dependent Parametric Surfaces

We improve on an algorithm by Von Herzen, Barr, and Zatz (HBZ) to detect geometric collisions between pairs of time-dependent parametric surfaces. The HBZ algorithm uses upper bounds on the parametric derivatives to guarantee detection of collisions and near misses, thus avoiding the defects of algorithms which sample the surfaces, possibly missing sharp spikes. Unfortunately, the user of the HBZ algorithm must supply not only routines computing the surface functions, but also routines bounding every component in the Jacobian of these surface functions over an arbitrary parametric range. Although they give helpful analyses for several types of surfaces, HBZ admit the need to provide Jacobian bounding routines as a disadvantage. We propose using interval arithmetic to bound functional values over a parametric input range, thus eliminating the need for the Jacobian entirely. Our interval version of the collision detection algorithm assumes neither bounded differentiability nor satisfaction of the Lipschitz criterion. Therefore, our code can detect geometric collisions for the much larger class of surface functions for which bounds on the function values can be computed using interval arithmetic. We contrast our code to that of HBZ and give timing comparisons.
19F NMR Spectroscopic and Relaxation Studies of SbF5 and AsF5 Intercalated in Graphite, Graphite Fibers, and Polyacetylene

19F NMR spectra are presented for graphite powder reacted with SbF5, NOSbF6, NO2SbF6, graphite fibers reacted with AsF5, and polyacetylene reacted with NOSbF6 and with AsF5. For polyacetylene the linewidths imply rapid rotation and slow diffusion. For the other specimens linewidths imply that both rotation and diffusion are rapid. For SbF5 in graphite an activation enthalpy of 5±1 kcal/mol is deduced from the observed T1 behavior.
Deactivation of 12(S)-HETE through (ω-1)-hydroxylation and β-oxidation in alternatively activated macrophages

Polarization of macrophages to proinflammatory M1 and to antiinflammatory alternatively activated M2 states has physiological implications in the development of experimental hypertension and other pathological conditions. 12/15-Lipoxygenase (12/15-LO) and its enzymatic products 12(S)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) are essential in the process since disruption of the gene encoding 12/15-LO renders the mice unsusceptible to hypertension. The objective was to test the hypothesis that M2 macrophages catabolize 12(S)-HETE into products that are incapable of promoting vasoconstriction. Cultured M2 macrophages metabolized externally added [14C]12(S)-HETE into more polar metabolites, while M1 macrophages had little effect on the catabolism. The major metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry as (ω-1)-hydroxylation and β-oxidation products. The conversion was inhibited by both peroxisomal β-oxidation inhibitor, thioridazine, and cytochrome P450 inhibitors. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that several cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2E1 and CYP1B1) and peroxisomal β-oxidation markers were upregulated upon M2 polarization. The identified 12,19-dihydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and 8-hydroxy-6,10-hexadecadienoic acid metabolites were tested on abdominal aortic rings for biological activity. While 12(S)-HETE enhanced vasoconstrictions to angiotensin II from 15% to 25%, the metabolites did not. These results indicate that M2, but not M1, macrophages degrade 12(S)-HETE into products that no longer enhance the angiotensin II-induced vascular constriction, supporting a possible antihypertensive role of M2 macrophages.
Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm 2 Fe 17 X 3 (X =C , N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm

The Sm${}_{2}$Fe${}_{17}{X}_{3}$ compounds exhibit all the necessary magnetic properties for use as rare-earth-lean permanent magnets, which have been identified as key to energy technology. However, the thermodynamic instability of these materials thwarts their adoption in applications. The authors' calculations show that doping these compounds with La or Ce generally maintains or enhances their magnetic properties, and substantially increases their stability against $X$ vacancy formation. This points experimentalists in the right direction to find practical magnets with performance rivaling that of the champion, Nd${}_{2}$Fe${}_{14}$B.
Short-term and midterm survival of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in the contemporary endovascular era.

Abstract Objective Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been shown to reduce mortality in the emergent repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, long-term survival data for this group of patients are lacking with contemporary endovascular endografts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate both 30-day mortality rates and 1-year survival in patients undergoing emergent EVAR in a 43-facility hospital system with a quaternary referral center with an established ruptured aneurysm protocol. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients captured prospectively in an Institutional Review Board-approved registry for patients treated emergently for AAA were reviewed between 2012 and 2017 was conducted. Primary outcome measures were 30-day mortality and 1-year survival for the entire group as well as for symptomatic and ruptured aneurysms. Data were analyzed using logistic regression survival curves, and a log-rank test was performed to compare survival between open and endovascular repair. Patients were evaluated on an intent-to-treat basis, and outcomes were evaluated in a multivariate model. Results A total of 249 patients were referred as part of the protocol. Of these, 102 (41%) were treated emergently. Kaplan-Meier estimates of 30-day and 1-year survival were 64% and 53% for all patients, 58% and 46% for ruptured patients, and 86% and 81% for symptomatic patients. EVAR resulted in improved 30-day survival (64% vs 31%; odds ratio, 4.0; P = .03) and 1-year survival (40% vs 23%; odds ratio, 2.3; P = .4) over open repair. Significant predictors for 30-day mortality included hypotension ( P = .0003), blood transfusion ( P P = .0005), extravasation ( P = .01), preoperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( P = .04), open repair ( P = .007), aortouni-iliac reconstruction ( P = .008), and abdominal compartment syndrome ( P = .007). Significant predictors for 1-year mortality included advanced age ( P = .04), hypotension ( P = .01), blood transfusion ( P = .006), extravasation ( P = .03), reintubation ( P = .03), and abdominal compartment syndrome ( P = .03). There were no differences in outcomes based on race, gender, or outside transfer. Peripheral arterial disease ( P = .04), hypertension ( P = .04), coronary artery disease ( P = .03), and familial history of aneurysms ( P = .05) were related to increased 30-day mortality. Peripheral arterial disease ( P = .06) and coronary artery disease ( P = .07) were nearly significant, with increased 1-year mortality. Conclusions EVAR is associated with improved survival compared with open repair in patients requiring emergent AAA repair. However, in the first year, there is a significant risk of death based on initial presentation as well as underlying comorbidities. To improve long-term survival, aggressive medical management and medical surveillance are warranted.
Is storm surge scary? The influence of hazard, impact, and fear-based messages and individual differences on responses to hurricane risks in the USA

Abstract This article uses data from an online survey-based experiment to investigate how risk communications and individual differences influence people's responses to approaching hurricane risks. Survey data were collected from 1716 residents of coastal areas of the USA affected by Hurricane Sandy. Respondents were randomly assigned to receive a combination of textual messages about a hypothetical approaching hurricane, including hazard-based, impact-based, and fear-based messages. The analysis examines how the experimental messages influenced respondents’ evacuation intentions, risk perceptions, efficacy beliefs, and perceptions of the information and its source. The influence of non-message factors, including respondents’ actual and perceived geographical exposure to hurricane-related risks, evacuation planning, and hurricane-related experiences, is also investigated. The results indicate that the high-impact and fear messages increased evacuation intentions, risk perceptions, and response efficacy, but the effects were small. The hazard message manipulations did not significantly influence most of the dependent variables examined; in particular, neither of the two storm surge messages tested increased evacuation intentions or risk perceptions relative to the wind-only or flood message. There were also no significant differences in message effects among respondents who lived or thought they lived in areas at higher risk. Further, several individual difference variables examined influenced evacuation intentions more than the message variations. Overall, experience evacuating for Sandy was the strongest predictor of evacuation intentions. These results indicate the importance of designing and evaluating hazard risk communications in the context of the other messages people are receiving and the individual differences that influence protective decision making.
A Methodological Nomad and an Accidental Scholar

Many of us end up in academia through diverse routes. In this brief contribution to the issue’s highlight of scholars in the Central States region, John Baldwin demtails his own circuitous path to academia and highlights the multi-disciplinary work he brings to his research on issues of culture, identity, and tolerance.
Enhancing Resilience of Urban Structures to Withstand Fire Hazard

A new class of materials referred to as high performance materials are being increasingly used in urban infrastructure projects. Many of these materials have poor or unknown fire characteristics and addressing the fire safety of these materials and their integration into structural systems are critical for ensuring the safety of the built infrastructure. In the paper, the different conditions and complexities associated with characterizing fire hazards in built-infrastructure is explained. The factors that have significant influence on fire performance of structural systems in built infrastructure are discussed. The fire resistance problems, and research needs, for emerging high performing materials are outlined. Design strategies for integrating fire safety design with structural design, through a performance based methodology is outlined. Construction guidelines for enhancing the fire performance of structures constructed with high performing materials are presented through case studies.
Review of the Theory of Perverse Sheaves

8.1.1. Let p be a fixed prime number. All algebraic varieties will be over an algebraic closure k of the finite field F p with p elements.
Control of Spatial Differentiation by Chemical Morphogens

In the developing human embryo a single cell, the fertilized egg, gives rise to a multitude of cell types through a program of sequential but branching developmental steps. The differentiating cells must not only attain their ultimate morphologies and biochemical properties, they must also assume their proper positions within the developing embryo.
The Effect of Accounting on Economic Behavior: Evidence from Stock Option Repricing

We examine stock option repricing activity that coincided with the December 4, 1998 FASB announcement regarding accounting for repriced employee stock options. The accounting treatment requires recognition of compensation expense in future periods if there is an increase in stock price after repricing. We find that repricing firms experience significant negative cumulative abnormal returns surrounding the December 4, 1998 FASB announcement date. We document a significant increase in repricing activity in the 12-day window between the announcement date and the proposed effective date, during which firms could reprice without taking a charge to earnings, and a significant decrease in repricing activity after the proposed effective date. This evidence suggests that the FASB announcement of the new accounting altered firms' economic decisions. In examining firms' decisions to reprice in the 12-day window to avoid the accounting charge, we find that positive earnings firms, growth firms, firms experiencing increasing earnings patterns, and firms with the greater potential effect on earnings are more likely than other firms to reprice in this window. In addition, we find that firms' prior repricing behavior affects their decision to reprice in this window, suggesting that there are implicit costs associated with repricing. The evidence is consistent with firms' trading off valuation implications of repricing to avoid an earnings charge against these implicit costs associated with repricing in the window.
Women’s Pathways to Crime: A Heuristic Typology of Offenders:

The current study proposes a heuristic model for classification of female offenders into groups based on key variables relevant to women’s backgrounds and programming needs. We utilize a mixed-methods approach with a sample of 60 women incarcerated in a maximum-security prison. We develop qualitative, person-centered groupings of female offenders, and then use quantitative analyses to provide more detailed data on each group. Findings demonstrate five distinct groupings: aggressive career offenders, women who killed or assaulted persons in retaliation or self-defense, women who maltreated children, substance-dependent women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), and social capital offenders. These findings lend support to prior research on pathways and typologies of women’s offending, and decision rules effectively “triage” cases according to most pressing needs. The model offers unique utility for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working with women in the criminal legal system.
Optical probing of orexin/hypocretin receptor antagonists.

Study objectives The present study investigated the function of Hypocretin (Hcrt or Orexin/OX) receptor antagonists in sleep modulation and memory function with optical methods in transgenic mice. Methods We used Hcrt-IRES-Cre knock-in mice and AAV vectors expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to render Hcrt neurons sensitive to blue light stimulation. We optogenetically stimulated Hcrt neurons and measured latencies to wakefulness in the presence or absence of OX1/2R antagonists and Zolpidem. We also examined endogenous Hcrt neuronal activity with fiber photometry. Changes in memory after optogenetic sleep disruption were evaluated by the novel object recognition test (NOR) and compared for groups treated with vehicle, OX1/2R antagonists, or Zolpidem. We also analyzed electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra of wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and non-REM (NREM) sleep following the injections of vehicle, OX1/2R antagonists, and Zolpidem in young adult mice. Results Acute optogenetic stimulation of Hcrt neurons at different frequencies resulted in wakefulness. Treatment with dual OX1/2R antagonists (DORAs) DORA12 and MK6096, as well as selective OX2R antagonist MK1064 and Zolpidem, but not selective OX1R antagonist 1SORA1, significantly reduced the bout length of optogenetic stimulation-evoked wakefulness episode. Fiber photometry recordings of GCaMP6f signals showed that Hcrt neurons are active during wakefulness, even in the presence of OXR antagonists. Treatment with dual OX1/2R antagonists improved memory function despite optogenetic sleep fragmentation caused impaired memory function in a NOR test. Conclusions Our results show DORAs and selective OX2R antagonists stabilize sleep and improve sleep-dependent cognitive processes even when challenged by optogenetic stimulation mimicking highly arousing stimuli.
Software effort prediction with algorithm based frameworks

The need for accurate effort predictions for projects is one of the most critical and complex issues in the software industry. Effort estimation is an essential activity in planning and monitoring software project development to deliver the product on time and within budget. The competitiveness of software organizations depends on their ability to predict the effort required for developing software systems accurately. Several algorithmic approaches have been proposed in the literature to support software engineers in improving the accuracy of their estimations. The decision of how to select different techniques considering the characteristics of a specific dataset through genetic algorithms could be viewed as a search-based problem for software engineering. Some groups use well known evolutionary learning algorithms (MMRE, PRED (25), PRED (50) and PRED (75), while others use machine learning methods like artificial neural network and fuzzy logic. Analogy estimation is also being utilized for estimating software effort, which has been shown to predict accurate results consistently. Genetic frameworks are becoming famous for selecting best learning schemes for effort prediction using the elitism techniques, utilizing some well-known parameters like Spearman's rank correlation, the median of the magnitude of relative error (MdMRE), and mean of the absolute residuals (MMAR). The technique of using fuzzy rough sets for the analysis is also becoming popular. This article aims to compare various algorithm based frameworks for predicting software development effort which can generate the best-optimized software product.
Toward Underwater Wireless Telemetry for Inland Waterways using Low Frequency Electromagnetic Communication

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) has developed an underwater wireless modem using low frequency (LF) electromagnetic communication with application to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of partially submerged large civil infrastructure, such as navigational locks. Environmental constraints with commonly used underwater wireless communication techniques have motivated the investigation of electromagnetic telemetry. The ongoing research has resulted in an integrated hardware solution with current focus on software development, sensor integration, and deployment testing. Ultimately, the underwater telemetry modems are expected to provide a method for The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to improve data collection and process control for monitoring of structures in our navigable inland waterways. This paper highlights the recent and ongoing progress of the project and anticipates possible applications of the technology to other extreme environments.
Por una Sociología de carne y sangre

Este articulo elabora la ontologia social y la metodologia de la sociologia carnal como un modo distintivo de indagacion social, evitando la postura espectadora para captar la accion-en-proceso, a raiz de los debates desencadenados por mi estudio basado en el aprendizaje del boxeo como un arte corporal plebeyo. Primero critico las nociones de agente (dualista), estructura (externalista) y conocimiento (mentalista) que prevalecen en las ciencias sociales contemporaneas y esbozo una concepcion alternativa del animal social, no solo como portadora de simbolos, sino como una criatura de carne y sangre, sensible, sufirente, habil, sedimentada y situada criatura de carne y hueso. Destaco la primacia de los conocimientos practicos incorporados que surgen y se enredan continuamente en redes de accion y considero que modos de investigacion son adecuados para desplegar y extraer esta concepcion encarnada del agente. Sostengo que la etnografia performativa, la marca del trabajo de campo inmersivo basado en “realizar el fenomeno”, es un camino fructifero hacia la captura de los esquemas (habitus) cognitivos, conativos y catecticos que generan las practicas y subyacen en el cosmos que se esta investigando. Pero se necesita talento social y persistencia para obtener los beneficios de la “participacion observante” y lograr la competencia social (a diferencia de la saturacion empirica). Para concluir, vuelvo al dialogo de Bourdieu con Pascal para considerar la dificultad y la urgencia especiales de capturar el “espiritu de agudeza” que anima dicha competencia pero desaparece de los relatos sociologicas normales.
RNA-binding proteins: The next step in translating skeletal muscle adaptations?

The decline of skeletal muscle mass during illness, injury, disuse, and aging is associated with poor health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to pursue a greater understanding of the mechanisms...
Seeing the forest: art about forests and forestry.

Forestry is a complex collage of related issues that the media and the public tend to oversimplify. Art provides a way for Extension foresters at Oregon State University to reach out and communicate with new audiences. Ata traveling art show that features paintings, photography, and other art media, we introduce some science and policy issues and also hearfrom the public. We found that people appreciate and take advantage of opportunities to interact with us and tell us what they think. Through this project, we believe we increased viewers' awareness of forestry issues, challenged their beliefs and perspectives, and stimulated consideration of other points of view.
Modeling Cross Category Purchase Decision Making with Consumers’ Mental Budgeting Control Habit

Cross-category decision making is an ongoing research in decision science. Cross-category modeling is a powerful tool for big data and business analytics. Cross-category decision making involves evaluating multiple categories for complementary/substitutional utilities. This paper examines consumers’ mental budgeting control habit for its impact on cross purchase decisions. This factor has not been examined in existing cross modeling literature. This paper fits a base cross category model and a budgeting control habit cross model using a consumer grocery shopping dataset. The results show that by incorporating this variable in the cross model, model fit score and prediction accuracy are significantly improved. The budgeting control habit factor has significant moderating effects on price effects and cross price effects. In addition to providing the modeling technique, this paper also finds that consumers classify basket items into root and add-on categories. The common sense that price drop boosts sales is only true for the root category items. Price drop of add-on items may trigger consumers reconfiguring their basket items but not necessarily increase sales of the add-on items themselves.
Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection

Abstract Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are reviewed. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are broadly reviewed in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition elements, electrochemical techniques, and biosensor performance. Transduction elements are discussed in terms of electrode material and form factor. Biorecognition elements for pathogen detection, including antibodies, aptamers, and imprinted polymers, are discussed in terms of availability, production, and immobilization approach. Emerging areas of electrochemical biosensor design are reviewed, including electrode modification and transducer integration. Measurement formats for pathogen detection are classified in terms of sample preparation and secondary binding steps. Applications of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens in food and water safety, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and bio-threat applications are highlighted. Future directions and challenges of electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are discussed, including wearable and conformal biosensors, detection of plant pathogens, multiplexed detection, reusable biosensors for process monitoring applications, and low-cost, disposable biosensors.
Owner-Intruder contests with information asymmetry

We consider kleptoparasitic interactions between two individuals – the Owner and the Intruder – and model the situation as a sequential game in an extensive form. The Owner is in possession of a resource when another individual, the Intruder, comes along and may try to steal it. If the Intruder makes such a stealing attempt, the Owner has to decide whether to defend the resource; if the Owner defends, the Intruder can withdraw or continue with the stealing attempt. The individuals may value the resource differently and we distinguish three information cases: (a) both individuals know resource values to both of them, (b) individuals know only their own valuation, (c) individuals do not know the value at all. We solve the game in all three cases. We identify scenarios when it is beneficial for the individuals to know as much information as possible. We also identify several scenarios where knowing less seems better as well as show that an individual may not benefit from their opponent knowing less. Finally, we consider the same kind of interactions but without the option for the Intruder to withdraw. We find that, surprisingly, the Intruder typically fares better in that case.
Inflammatory bowel disease–like conditions: medication-induced enteropathy

Abstract A variety of medications can cause ulcerative or nonulcerative inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The long-term use of some of the agents can even cause strictures and perforation. Clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and radiographic features of drug-induced GI injury can mimic that in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, some of these medications are used in patients with IBD for the treatment of IBD-associated complications or other comorbidities. Differential diagnosis of IBD, medication-associated GI injury, and superimposed drug-induced injury in IBD are critical for the management and prognosis. Endoscopy with biopsy along with clinical history is critical for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Cryo-EM structures of NPC1L1 reveal mechanisms of cholesterol transport and ezetimibe inhibition

The intestinal absorption of cholesterol is mediated by a multipass membrane protein, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1), the molecular target of a cholesterol lowering therapy ezetimibe. While ezetimibe gained Food and Drug Administration approval in 2002, its mechanism of action has remained unclear. Here, we present two cryo-electron microscopy structures of NPC1L1, one in its apo form and the other complexed with ezetimibe. The apo form represents an open state in which the N-terminal domain (NTD) interacts loosely with the rest of NPC1L1, leaving the NTD central cavity accessible for cholesterol loading. The ezetimibe-bound form signifies a closed state in which the NTD rotates ~60°, creating a continuous tunnel enabling cholesterol movement into the plasma membrane. Ezetimibe blocks cholesterol transport by occluding the tunnel instead of competing with cholesterol binding. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of NPC1L1-mediated cholesterol transport and ezetimibe inhibition, paving the way for more effective therapeutic development.
Smart constitutive laws: Inelastic homogenization through machine learning

Abstract Homogenizing the constitutive response of materials with nonlinear and history-dependent behavior at the microscale is particularly challenging. In this case, the only option is generally to homogenize numerically via concurrent multiscale models (CMMs). Unfortunately, these methods are not practical as their computational cost becomes prohibitive for engineering-scale applications. In this work, we develop an alternative formulation to CMMs that leverage state-of-the-art micromechanical modeling and advanced machine learning techniques to develop what we call smart constitutive laws (SCLs). We propose a training scheme for our SCLs that makes them suitable for arbitrary loading histories, making them equivalent to traditional constitutive models. We also show how to implement a SCL into a traditional finite element solver and investigate the response of an engineering-scale component. We compare our results to those obtained via a high fidelity simulation. Our findings indicate that SCLs can dramatically boost the computational efficiency and scalability of computational homogenization for nonlinear and history-dependent materials with arbitrary microstructures, enabling in this way the automatic and systematic generation of microstructurally-informed constitutive laws that can be adopted for the solution of macro-scale complex structures.
Generating Multipartite Spin States with Fermionic Atoms in a Driven Optical Lattice

We propose a protocol for generating generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states using ultracold fermions in 3D optical lattices or optical tweezer arrays. The protocol uses the interplay between laser driving, on site interactions and external trapping confinement to enforce energetic spin- and position-dependent constraints on the atomic motion. These constraints allow us to transform a local superposition into a GHZ state through a stepwise protocol that flips one site at a time. The protocol requires no site-resolved drives or spin-dependent potentials, exhibits robustness to slow global laser phase drift, and naturally makes use of the harmonic trap that would normally cause difficulties for entanglement-generating protocols in optical lattices. We also discuss an improved protocol that can compensate for holes in the loadout at the cost of increased generation time. The state can immediately be used for quantum-enhanced metrology in 3D optical lattice clocks, opening a window to push the sensitivity of state-of-the-art sensors beyond the standard quantum limit.
Role of dyslipidemia in ischemic stroke patients treated in the telestroke network.

Abstract Purpose The relationship between the telestroke technology and clinical risk factors in a dysplipidemic ischemic stroke population and neurologic outcomes is not fully understood. This issue was investigated in this study. Patients and methods We analyzed retrospective data collected from a regional stroke registry to identify demographic and clinical risk factors in patients with improving (NIHSS ​≤ ​7) or worsening (NIHSS ​> ​7) neurologic outcome in dyslipidemic ischemic stroke population. We used logistic multivariate models to identify independent predictors of improving or worsening outcome based on dyslipidemia disease status in ischemic stroke patients. Results In the adjusted analysis for dyslipidemic ischemic stroke population, cholesterol reducer use (odd ratio; [OR] ​= ​0.393, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.176–0.879, P ​= ​0.023) and direct admission (OR ​= ​0.435, 95% CI, 0.199–0.953, P ​= ​0.037) were more likely to be associated with neurologic improvement and no clinical or demographic factors were associated with poor neurologic outcome in dyslipidemic ischemic stroke patients treated in the telestroke network. For the ischemic stroke population without dyslipidemia, increasing age (OR ​= ​1.070, 95% CI, 1.031–1.109, P ​ Conclusion Demographic and clinical risk factors among the dysplipidemic ischemic stroke population in the telestroke network were not associated with worsening neurologic functions.
Economic growth and deforestation in African countries: Is the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis applicable?

Abstract Deforestation is a significant environmental problem, contributing to biodiversity loss, land degradation, soil erosion, and climate change. During the past half-century, the continent of Africa has suffered massive losses of forested areas due to the changing structure of economies, increasing population, and expanding globalization. This research examines statistical evidence for the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis as applied to deforestation occurring within Africa from 1990 to 2016. Changes in forest cover data are explained with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators to overcome the endogeneity problems arising from reverse causality. The empirical results of Panel GMM confirm the EKC hypothesis is valid for deforestation in Africa with a turning point estimated to be US $3000. Heterogenous panel non-causality findings suggest that Africa could deter and reverse deforestation through appropriate land-use and forest products trade policies, and the consequences of these policies would not impact their economic growth.
Understanding Geographical Patterns of Scientific Collaboration in Artificial Intelligence among Canadian Researchers

The role of geographical proximity in facilitating international scientific collaboration has been studied thoroughly in recent years. However, the effect of geography and its interaction with network proximity on forming scientific collaborations among researchers who work under the same national systems has not been appropriately addressed. Using co-publication data of Canadian AI scientists from 2000 to 2019, we studied the relationship between different forms of geographical proximity and national scientific collaboration in Canada. The logit regression results show that geography is still an important impediment to national scientific collaboration despite the tremendous improvements in transportation and communication technologies during recent decades. Besides, we found a substitutability pattern between network proximity and some forms of geographical proximity in national collaborations.
THE MEASUREMENT OF OVERALL CITIZEN SATISFACTION

Measuring citizens' overall satisfaction with urban services is important both for administrators involved in local citizen surveys and for scholars interested in understanding how citizens respond...
I/Q mismatch cancellation for MIMO-OFDM systems

MIMO-OFDM systems are gaining prominence in high data rate applications due to their increased spectral efficiency, in MIMO-OFDM systems, I/Q mismatch causes interference between the frequency mirror subcarriers. This can significantly degrade and limit the performance of the system. We present a mathematical analysis of the effects of I/Q gain, delay and phase mismatches in MIMO-OFDM systems. We show the impact of I/Q mismatch when more antennas are added. We also derive a linear optimal solution to cancel all three I/Q mismatches and an RLS based adaptive filter for the same. We show simulation results and results on an experimental testbed.
Russia's Cold War: From the October Revolution to the Fall of the Wall

Jonathan Haslam (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011), xvii+523 pp The incongruities in Jonathan Haslam's book start with the misnomer in the title. Normally, historians do not use ‘Russia’ ...
New Approaches to the Parameterization of Gravity-Wave and Flow-Blocking Drag due to Unresolved Mesoscale Orography Guided by Mesoscale Model Predictability Research

Abstract : When surface flow impinges on orography with horizontal scales of 1-500 km, a variety of mesoscale dynamical responses can result, including gravity waves, upstream blocking, flow splitting and lee vortices. These dynamics produce important drag forces on the larger scale atmosphere. Because global numerical weather and climate prediction (NWCP) models under-resolve orography at these scales, all credible NWCP systems must include parameterizations of these missing orographic mesoscale drag (OMD) forces. Recent evidence from mesoscale model simulations clearly indicates that OMD forces cannot be described as a purely deterministic response to upstream forcing, but instead can exhibit a range of values, time histories and states. Our long-term goals are (a) to build these new OMD dynamics delineated from mesoscale models into a new class of OMD parameterizations, (b) to embed those new parameterizations within Navy NWCP systems, and (c) to investigate whether improved time-mean OMD and new explicit OMD variability can improve NCWP skill in Navy global NWCP systems across a range of scales.