cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Receptor Co-regulators

Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that bind steroid, retinoid and thyroid hormones, and other ligands to drive hormone-dependent gene expression in conjunction with co-activators and co-repressors, collectively referred to as co-regulators. So far, more than 400 co-regulators have been reported in the literature and they have been implicated in a wide variety of pathological conditions, genetic syndromes, and in cancer. A key feature of co-regulator-based disease is the pleiotropic effects that disruption of normal co-regulator function has on energy metabolism, neurological function, and susceptibility to cancer. Technological advances in proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomics are leading to new ways to understand the pleiotropic actions of co-regulators. We expect that co-regulator ‘omics’ will lead to ways of understanding how co-regulators can be evaluated in the context of other complex genetic factors, hormones, diet, the environment, and stress. The broad role that co-regulators have in human pathological conditions makes it important to consider them as important new drug targets, such as for the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers or for indications related to energy metabolism. Better system-wide knowledge of co-regulator control of transcription and physiology is expected to lead to the best placement for future co-regulator-based therapies.
Comparing changing neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) levels in intubated and recently extubated neonates.

Comparing changing neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) levels in intubated and recently extubated neonates
Sifting through CD8+ T Cell Memory

In this issue of Immunity, Gerlach et al. (2016) describe three distinct memory CD8+ T cell subsets based upon expression of the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. Their findings revise the paradigm of effector and central memory T cells by revealing a subset of CD8+ memory T cells defined by intermediate levels of expression of CX3CR1 that conducts tissue surveillance.
An overview of architectural and security considerations for named data networking (NDN)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging architecture that seeks to interconnect all of the "things" we use on a daily basis. Whereas the Internet originated as a way to connect traditional computing devices in order to share information, IoT includes everything from automobiles to appliances to buildings. As networks and devices become more diverse and disparate in their communication methods and interfaces, traditional host-to host technologies such as Internet Protocol (IP) are challenged to provide the level of data exchange and security needed to operate in this new network paradigm. Named Data Networking (NDN) is a developing Internet architecture that can help implement the IoT paradigm in a more efficient and secure manner. This paper introduces the NDN architecture in comparison to the traditional IP-based architecture and discusses several security concepts pertaining to NDN that make this a powerful technology for implementing the Internet of Things.
Second Generation Triple-Helical Peptide Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases.

The design of selective matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors that also possess favorable solubility properties has proved to be especially challenging. A prior approach using collagen-model templates combined with transition state analogs produced a first generation of triple-helical peptide inhibitors (THPIs) that were effective in vitro against discrete members of the MMP family. These THPI constructs were also highly water-soluble. The present study sought improvements in the first generation THPIs by enhancing thermal stability and selectivity. A THPI selective for MMP-2 and MMP-9 was redesigned to incorporate non-native amino acids (Flp and mep), resulting in an increase of 18 °C in thermal stability. This THPI was effective in vivo in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, reducing clinical severity and weight loss. Two other THPIs were developed to be more selective within the collagenolytic members of the MMP family. One of these THPIs was serendipitously more effective against MMP-8 than MT1-M...
Application of Modern Control to Disk Drive Actuator Positioning

Abstract Hard disk position control has two objectives: moving the magnetic recording heads from one data track to another in minimum time and maintaining position at a destination data track center while rejecting disturbance inputs. These objectives have not changed but the technology has evolved rapidly over the years. In the 1980's, analog servo position control could no longer provide solutions to the demand for smaller drives with higher capacity and significantly lower access times. This paper chronicles the evolution in design from the analog designs of the past to the modern control approach of today.
Use of a novel oleaginous microorganism as a potential source of lipids for weanling pigs

Weanling pigs are at risk of succumbing to illness due to an immature immune system and insufficient supply of available energy at the time of weaning. This study was aimed at determining whether oleaginous bacteria could serve as a source of lipids to weanling pigs. Weanling pigs were provided a daily dose of 1×109 colony fomring unit (CFU) = kg-1 of the novel oleaginous Enterobacter cloacae strain JD6301 or JD8715 (which is a variant form of JD6301 capable of producing extracellular triglycerides) via oral gavage for 5 d. Serum was collected every 6 h and intestinal samples were collected at 6 d. Providing pigs with JD6301 or JD8715 significantly increased serum concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) within 72 h. Additionally, the JD6301 and JD8715 strains were able to survive within the gastrointestinal tract throughout the duration of the study. These results suggest that providing Enterobacter cloacae can increase the serum lipids in the pigs, thus potentially providing an additional source of energy to animals during times of stress. This could potentially help improve the metabolic response of animals during times of stress.
Optimization Problems Associated with Manifold-Valued Curves with Applications in Computer Vision.

A commonly occurring requirement in many computer vision applications is the need to represent, compare, and manipulate manifold-valued curves, while allowing for enough flexibility to operate in resource constrained environments. We address these concerns in this chapter, by proposing a dictionary learning scheme that takes geometry and time into account, while performing better than the original data in applications such as activity recognition. We are able to do this with the use of the transport square-root velocity function, which provides an elastic representation for trajectories on Riemannian manifolds. Since these operations can be computationally very expensive, we also present a geometry-based symbolic approximation framework, as a result of which low-bandwidth transmission and accurate real-time analysis for recognition or searching through sequential data become fairly straightforward. We discuss the different optimization problems encountered in this context—learning a sparse representation for actions using extrinsic and intrinsic features, solving the registration problem between two Riemannian trajectories, and learning an optimal clustering scheme for symbolic approximation.
New sufficient conditions for strong unimodality of multivariate discrete distributions

Abstract New sufficient conditions that ensure the strong unimodality of multivariate discrete distributions are obtained by the use of a special simplicial subdivision of multidimensional space. Strong unimodality of multivariate Polya–Eggenberger distribution is shown.
The Cost of Compliance: The Financial Burden of Fulfilling Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and American Board of Surgery Requirements

OBJECTIVE There has been a significant increase in the number of regulatory requirements for general surgery graduate medical education (GME) programs over the last 20 years from the governing bodies of the American Board of Surgery (ABS) and the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). We endeavored to calculate the cost to general surgery GME programs of regulatory requirements. DESIGN We examined the requirements for General Surgery ABS Certification as well as the 2017 ACGME Program Requirements in General Surgery for all mandates that require funding by the surgery program to achieve. The requirements requiring funding include certification in Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Advanced Trauma Life Support, Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery, Fundamentals of Endoscopic Surgery; access to medical references; simulation capability, program director protected time (30%); program coordinator salary (Association for Hospital Medical Education reported mean); and faculty time devoted to morbidity and mortality conference, journal club, Clinical Competency Committee, and Program Evaluation Committee. We then identified the cost of each mandate based on the average program in the United States of 5 residents per year in 5 clinical years. RESULTS Total cost for the average program per year as the result of ABS or ACGME mandate equaled a minimum of $227,043. The ABS associated costs are $8900 per year. The ACGME associated costs are $218,143. The cost of program director and faculty time to meet the minimum ACGME requirements equaled $159,600. CONCLUSIONS The most significant cost associated with mandates set forth by the ABS and ACGME are program director and faculty time devoted to resident education and evaluation. Recognition of this cost burden by institutions and policymakers for the allocation of funds is important to maintain strong general surgery GME programs.
There is No Need to Waste Communication Bandwidth on MACs

We address the problem of detecting data corruption in computer and device communications without generating, transmitting or verifying integrity metadata. Such metadata typically hold mathematical summaries of the content which is being transmitted, such as checksums, Integrity Check Values (ICVs) or Message Authentication Codes (MACs), and are costly to generate and transmit. In the paper we discuss a data integrity methodology, which is alternative to MACs or ICVs, and is based on a novel concept of ‘implicit integrity’. Implicit integrity supports the detection of corruption based on the observation that regular unencrypted user data typically exhibit patterns, such as repeated bytes words etc. When some encrypted content becomes corrupted and is decrypted, it no longer exhibits patterns. It is the absence or presence of patterns in decrypted content which denotes whether some content is modified or not. In the paper we summarize some of our findings including discovered entropy properties of server and client data, security bounds associated with implicit integrity and proposals for constructions that are practical and can be used in communication systems, supporting implicit integrity at low cost.
The Heroism of Sober Expectations

When Miranda Tate tells Bruce Wayne that “innocent is a strong word to throw around Gotham,” she means that in Gotham City, people often aren’t as good as we’d like them to be. She makes this comment in The Dark Knight Rises, the third film in Christopher Nolan’s Dark Knight trilogy, but the description captures Gotham as it’s depicted in all three films. Gotham, simply put, isn’t a very nice place.
A Model Regime of Privacy Protection (Version 2.0)

This version incorporates and responds to the many comments that we received to Version 1.1, which we released on March 10, 2005. Privacy protection in the United States has often been criticized, but critics have too infrequently suggested specific proposals for reform. Recently, there has been significant legislative interest at both the federal and state levels in addressing the privacy of personal information. This was sparked when ChoicePoint, one of the largest data brokers in the United States with records on almost every adult American citizen, sold data on about 145,000 people to fraudulent businesses set up by identity thieves. Other companies announced security breaches, including LexisNexis, from which personal information about 32,000 people was improperly accessed. Senator Schumer criticized Westlaw for making available to certain subscribers personal information including Social Security Numbers (SSNs). In the aftermath of the ChoicePoint debacle and other major information security breaches, both of us have been asked by Congressional legislative staffers, state legislative policymakers, journalists, academics, and others about what specifically should be done to better regulate information privacy. In response to these questions, we believe that it is imperative to have a discussion of concrete legislative solutions to privacy problems. What appears below is our attempt at such an endeavor. Privacy experts have long suggested that information collection be consistent with Fair Information Practices. This Model Regime incorporates many of those practices and applies them specifically to the context of commercial data brokers such as ChoicePoint. We hope that this will provide useful guidance to legislators and policymakers in crafting laws and regulations. We also intend this to be a work-in-progress in which we collaborate with others. We have welcomed input from other academics, policymakers, journalists, and experts as well as from the industries and businesses that will be subject to the regulations we propose. We have incorporated criticisms and constructive suggestions, and we will continue to update this Model Regime to include the comments we find most helpful and illuminating. Notice, Consent, Control, and Access 1. Universal Notice 2. Meaningful Informed Consent 3. One-Step Exercise of Rights 4. Individual Credit Management 5. Access to and Accuracy of Personal Information Security of Personal Information 6. Secure Identification 7. Disclosure of Security Breaches Business Access to and Use of Personal Information 8. Social Security Number Use Limitation 9. Access and Use Restrictions for Public Records 10. Curbing Excessive Uses of Background Checks 11. Private Investigators Government Access to and Use of Personal Data 12. Limiting Government Access to Business and Financial Records 13. Government Data Mining 14. Control of Government Maintenance of Personal Information Privacy Innovation and Enforcement 15. Preserving the Innovative Role of the States 16. Effective Enforcement of Privacy Rights Commentary
David Oliver: Contentious comments from NHS England's chair.

In February NHS England’s chair, David Prior, waded into the debate on the state and future of the NHS. At a meeting hosted by the Reform think tank he said that relentless edicts and targets from NHS central bodies had left local clinicians and managers feeling “learned helplessness” instead of exercising professional leadership.12 Prior also criticised the commitment and discretionary effort of staff, lamenting that they wouldn’t stay at work to help out beyond contracted hours—for instance, in the emergency department when they were ready to go home—and that some were retiring too soon.1 His comments were widely reported in print and broadcast media, as he surely knew that they would be. One might ask, “Why shouldn’t he speak out?” Some may even find his frankness refreshing in a sea of technocratic uniformity and …
Assessment and Validation of Syndromic Case Definitions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Young Infants: A Latent Class Analysis.

BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. Standardized case definitions that are applicable to variety of populations are critical for robust surveillance systems to guide decision-making regarding RSV control strategies including vaccine evaluation. Limited data exist on performance of RSV syndromic case definitions among young infants or in high-resource settings. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate existing and potential syndromic case definitions for RSV among young infants in an urban, high-income setting using latent class analyses (LCA). METHODS We used data collected on infants <6 months of age tested for RSV as part of routine clinical care at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta between January 2010 and December 2015. We computed the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of clinical features, existing syndromic case definitions used by the World Health Organization (WHO) and alternative definitions we constructed using LCA to detect RSV infection. RESULTS Among 565 infants tested for RSV, 161 (28.5%) had laboratory-confirmed RSV infection. Among all case definitions evaluated, the definition developed through LCA (cough plus shortness of breath plus coryza plus wheeze plus poor feeding plus chest in-drawing) was the most specific (95.8%, 95% CI 93.8-97.8) and had the highest positive predictive value (51.4%, 95% CI, 34.9-68.0). WHO-acute respiratory infection (cough or sore throat or shortness of breath or coryza, plus a clinician's judgment that illness is due to infection) was the most sensitive (98.1%, 95% CI, 96.1-100.0; negative predictive value 96.3%, 95% CI 92.2-100.0). CONCLUSIONS The WHO acute respiratory infection definition could be useful for initial screening for RSV among infants <6 months, whereas our alternative syndromic case definition may serve as the strongest confirmatory case definition in the same population. Appropriate case definitions will vary depending on the content and setting in which they are utilized.
Validity of administrative claims-based algorithms for ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest in the pediatric population.

Purpose Identify administrative claims-based algorithms for capturing out-of-hospital ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and cardiac arrests (CA) due to cardiac causes in the pediatric population with high positive-predictive value (PPV). Methods Within a single pediatric center, a retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized or seen in the emergency room for VA or CA were identified from the electronic health records. Eligible encounters were blindly reviewed and linked to administrative data, including ICD-9/ICD-10 codes. Test characteristics, including PPV, for different diagnostic and procedure codes were generated using a 50% training sample. The gold standard was definite or suspected out-of-hospital VA or CA due to cardiac cause verified based on clinical criteria. Algorithms with the highest PPV were then applied to a 50% validation sample to validate performance. Results From 2004-2017, 598 encounters met eligibility criteria. 174 (29%) had an outcome of interest, with remainder being an inpatient event or CA due to other cause. Within the training sample (n = 263), VA codes in primary position had a PPV 94% (95%CI 81%-99%) with low sensitivity (44%, 95%CI 33%-56%). CA codes in any position or VA codes in nonprimary positions had low PPV (18%-19%, 31% respectively). Applying the top three performing algorithms to the validation sample (n = 252) yielded similar PPV values. Conclusions Contrary to adults, algorithms including a CA code do not perform well for identifying out-of-hospital VA and CA due to cardiac cause in the pediatric populations. Researchers should be aware of the potential implications for future pediatric drug safety studies for these outcomes.
Prioritization within visual working memory reflects a flexible focus of attention

When motivated, people can keep nonrecent items in a list active during the presentation of new items, facilitating fast and accurate recall of the earlier items. It has been proposed that this occurs by flexibly orienting attention to a single prioritized list item, thus increasing the amount of attention-based maintenance directed toward this item at the expense of other items. This is manipulated experimentally by associating a single distinct feature with a higher reward value, such as a single red item in a list of black items. These findings may be more parsimoniously explained under a distinctiveness of encoding framework rather than a flexible attention allocation framework. The retrieval advantage for the prioritized list position may be because the incongruent feature stands out in the list perceptually and causes it to become better encoded. Across three visual working memory experiments, we contrast a flexible attention theory against a distinctiveness of encoding theory by manipulating the reward value associated with the incongruent feature. Findings from all three experiments show strong support in favor of the flexible attention theory and no support for the distinctiveness of encoding theory. We also evaluate and find no evidence that strategy use, motivation, or tiredness/fatigue associated with reward value can adequately explain flexible prioritization of attention. Flexible attentional prioritization effects may be best understood under the context of an online attentional refreshing mechanism.
Impact of opioid prescribing guidelines on prescribing at discharge from endocrine surgery.

Abstract Introduction In 2018, our institution implemented opioid prescribing guidelines for endocrine surgery. Methods We evaluated prescribing trends before and after the guidelines (60 MME following adrenal procedures and 37.5 MME for thyroid/parathyroid procedures) using chi-squared and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. Results We identified 357 patients in the pre-guideline and 397 in the post-guideline period. The proportion discharged with any opioid prescription decreased from 96.1% to 77.3%, p Conclusion Opioid prescribing guidelines for endocrine surgical procedures decreased both the proportion of patients receiving opioids and the amount when prescribed, therefore further supporting the utility of opioid prescribing guidelines in decreasing over-prescription.
Work Engagement as a Measure of Wellness in Pediatric Hospital Medicine

Background: Literature on wellness in pediatrics is limited and there are no published data specific to pediatric hospital medicine (PHM). Existing literature on wellness focuses largely on physician burnout, but wellness also includes positive traits like work engagement. We sought to assess work engagement and burnout in pediatric hospitalists nationwide. Methods: The study utilized a survey including demographic data, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17), and the Mini-Z burnout measure. The survey recruited participants via the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine Listserv. Results: Totally, 432 of 3,085 (14%) respondents completed the survey with mean total UWES score of 4.36 and 36% reported burnout. As expected, higher work engagement scores correlated with decreased rates of burnout (P < 0.0005). Interestingly, work engagement varied by gender and career stage, with lowest scores found in women in early to mid-career (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In this study we evaluated the wellness of pediatric hospitalists, a group that has not been previously studied, using a combination of burnout and work engagement measures which, while validated, had not been previously used to evaluate physician wellness. This study suggests that wellness interventions could be most effective if targeting women in early to mid-career. Further study is needed to determine causes of decreased work engagement and consider appropriate interventions. Int J Clin Pediatr. 2020;9(4):105-109 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/ijcp399
Controllability and decentralized stabilization of the Kolmogorov forward equation for Markov chains

Abstract In this paper, we provide several results on controllability and stabilizability properties of the Kolmogorov forward equation of a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) evolving on a finite state space, with the transition rates defined as the control parameters. First, we show that any target probability distribution can be reached asymptotically using time-varying control parameters. Second, we characterize all stationary distributions that are stabilizable using time-independent control parameters. For bidirected graphs, we construct rational and polynomial density feedback laws that stabilize stationary distributions while satisfying the additional constraint that the feedback law takes zero value at equilibrium. This last result enables the construction of decentralized density feedback controllers, using tools from linear systems theory and sum-of-squares based polynomial optimization, that stabilize a swarm of robots modeled as a CTMC to a target state distribution with no state-switching at equilibrium. In addition to these results, we prove a sufficient condition under which the classical rank conditions for controllability can be generalized to forward equations with non-negativity constraints on the control inputs. We apply this result to prove local controllability of a forward equation in which only a small subset of the transition rates are the control inputs. Lastly, we extend our feedback stabilization results to stationary distributions that have a strongly connected support.
Compassionate Care-Going the Extra Mile: Sex Trafficking Survivors' Recommendations for Healthcare Best Practices

Human Trafficking (HT) persists in the US, despite multi-level measures designed to mitigate its societal costs. HT instruction for healthcare providers is growing, but there is a dearth of resources and training presenting obstacles for victims accessing suitable healthcare services. Voices of survivors are also scant in the literature, despite the fact that their recommendations would appear essential when designing best practices. This study aimed to methodically gather recommendations from sex trafficking (ST) survivors who sought medical care during their victimization. An exploratory concurrent mixed-methods design was used, and semi-structured interviews (N = 22) were conducted between March 2016 and March 2017, in San Diego, CA, and Philadelphia, PA. Data were analyzed through a coding system to identify meaningful analytical themes. Study participants were recruited through survivor-centered organizations, and their identification was kept anonymous and confidential. Findings included three main themes: (A) Red Flags; (B) supportive healthcare practices; and (C) resources for ST-patient study participants' recommendations aimed to improve healthcare practice in response to their medical needs in a compassionate and caring manner, with trust building, rapport, and an opportunity to instill hope among ST-patients. Implementing Compassionate Care approaches when caring for ST-patients could positively impact patient-provider interactions, while creating opportunities for intervention.
Black soldier fly liquid biofertilizer in bunga mayang sugarcane plantation From experiment to policy implications

Sugarcane is one of the most important cultivated plants for more than a millennial In Indonesia especially in Java sugarcane is also a part of symbolic local culture In fact during the Dutch colonialism sugarcane had given substantial wealth to the Dutch and in the early s the export revenue of sugar from Indonesia was the second largest in the world The status of sugarcane now is still important for Indonesia even though Indonesian status now is one of the largest sugar importing countries in the world One of major problems for such contradicting path of history is that the continuously lowering Indonesian productivity of sugarcane since the last years The main conventional choice for sugarcane productivity improvement is among others maintaining high dosage of chemical fertilizer The choice of using high dosage chemical fertilizer such as urea for example is not only costly in term of monetary spending but also is costly in term of environmental costs such as water air and soil pollutions In fact agriculture is classified as one of the most polluted sector This article shares the results of the case study that has been conducted one year in sugarcane plantation in Bunga Mayang Lampung Province Indonesia The experiment took full recommended dosage application of inorganic N P K fertilizer as experimental control The results showed that there were no significantly dif ference in the productivity of sugarcane between the application of full dosage of inorganic N P K fertilizer and the half dosage of inorganic N P K fertilizer in combination with l per ha of Black Soldier Fly BSF rsquo s liquid biofertilizer The results implied very important implications for future research new agricultural practices and new development policy agenda One of the most important policy implications is how to build a circular economic structure between rural urban regions where now food and other agricultural products flow from rural to urban regions and create food and other organic wastes in cities In the next system the circular structure will create no organic waste that will pollute cities and other areas but cities will become agriculture regional source of biofertilizer produced by BSF rsquo s biofertilizer industry which will fertilize the country sides environments
Does saddle height influence knee frontal-plane biomechanics during stationary cycling?

Abstract Introduction Cycling is a common modality for rehabilitation and exercise. However, there is a lack of information in the literature on the effects of saddle height adjustments on internal peak knee abduction moment, which is an important loading variable for the medial compartment of tibiofemoral joint for patients with knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of saddle height on frontal-plane biomechanics of the knee during cycling. Methods Fourteen recreational cyclists (age: 57.1 ± 6.37 years) performed 2-min bouts of cycling at three saddle heights of 40°, 30° and 20° knee extension angle at bottom crank position, at two workrates of 80 and 120 W. Three-dimensional kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography data were collected and analyzed using a 3 × 2 (height × workrate) analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There were no changes in internal knee abduction moment across saddle heights. Increases in saddle height from 40° to both 30° and 20° reduced the knee extension moment (d = 0.3 and 0.4, respectively, P = 0.012). Increases in workrate increased both knee abduction and extension moments (η2p = 0.75 and 0.88, respectively, P Conclusions Increased knee extension moment with decreased saddle height is likely to indicate increased knee joint load.
Structure-Property Relationships in Semiconductor Alloys

We have demonstrated that the atomic distribution of constituents in semiconductor alloys is never truly random. There are always interactions causing correlations; the degree and nature of the correlations depend on which interactions dominate and on the growth conditions. While we have identified most of the interactions which are expected to cause correlations, not all of them have been treated completely to date. Therefore, some details remain unclear, but the principal effects can now be appreciated in broad terms.
Market Efficiency - A Structural Study

I use 8 different metrics as separate objective and systematic measures of the efficiency of the market for a stock. I develop a 7-equation (6- for non-Nasdaq stocks) structural model with market efficiency as a function of exogenous factors (transaction costs & constraints, short sales costs & constraints, and dispersion in investor valuations) and endogenous market activities (trading volume, short interest, number of analysts, institutional holdings, shares outstanding, and number of market makers (for Nasdaq stocks)), and each endogenous market activity as a function of the exogenous factors and all other endogenous market activities. I propose a theoretical model that shows that higher trading volume (or another similar market activity) is caused by lower transaction costs, lower short sales costs, and/or higher dispersion of investor valuations, and therefore, that the impact on market efficiency of transaction costs or short sales costs is an empirical question. I apply 3SLS and EiV to estimate the structural system and test the corresponding hypotheses, using panel-based instrumentation strategies for endogenous and inaccurately measured variables. Analyzing Nasdaq and non-Nasdaq stocks separately, I find that the impact on market efficiency is ranked as follows: transaction costs & constraints, short sales costs & constraints, and dispersion in investor valuations, that the Fama-French Factors are important in affecting these relationships, and that market efficiency is significantly but differently associated with endogenous market activities. Detailed Regression Results: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1VCydoyF9iHkj4UQo1TL36ZWR02DNFKwQ?usp=sharing
Credibility and backlash

Recent politics has been characterized by politicians' harsh anti-immigration appeals and backlash against immigrants. I present a novel explanation for this backlash that hinges on politicians' ability to make such appeals credible. The starting point is a cheap talk model in which a politician (sender) is aligned with one of two opposed groups (receivers) and seeks to communicate her preferences to win support. Importantly, an increase in the weaker group's capacity may enable credible communication by the opposed type of politician, ironically making the weaker group worse-off. Illustrating the model, I discuss how Donald Trump credibly communicated alignment with anti-immigration groups in 2016 through harsh messaging against immigrants, whose power was increasing. More broadly, the model and case show how the behavior of strategic actors can underpin realignments, with shifts in relative group power proving crucial in enabling politicians to assemble novel political coalitions.
The Classification of All Singular Nonsymmetric Macdonald Polynomials

The affine Hecke algebra of type $A$ has two parameters $\left( q,t\right) $ and acts on polynomials in $N$ variables. There are two important pairwise commuting sets of elements in the algebra: the Cherednik operators and the Jucys-Murphy elements whose simultaneous eigenfunctions are the nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials, and basis vectors of irreducible modules of the Hecke algebra, respectively. For certain parameter values it is possible for special polynomials to be simultaneous eigenfunctions with equal corresponding eigenvalues of both sets of operators. These are called singular polynomials. The possible parameter values are of the form $q^{m}=t^{-n}$ with $2\leq n\leq N.$ For a fixed parameter the singular polynomials span an irreducible module of the Hecke algebra. Colmenarejo and the author (SIGMA 16 (2020), 010) showed that there exist singular polynomials for each of these parameter values, they coincide with specializations of nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials, and the isotype (a partition of $N$) of the Hecke algebra module is $\left( dn-1,n-1,\ldots,n-1,r\right) $ for some $d\geq1$. In the present paper it is shown that there are no other singular polynomials.
Driver behavior and accident frequency in school zones: Assessing the impact of sign saturation

Based on the models of human information processing, if a driver observes too many of the same signs, he or she may no longer pay attention to those signs. In the case of school zones, this expected effect may lead to non-compliance to posted speeds, negatively impacting safety around nearby schools. This study aims to investigate the effect of the number of nearby school zones on driver behavior (vehicle speed and compliance) and accident frequency. As a measure of the density of school zones, this study introduced and defined a new term sign saturation and presented a methodology to calculate sign saturation for school zones. Results found a significant effect of sign saturation on vehicle speed, compliance, and accident frequency. This study also examined the speeding behavior in school zones for different time of the day and day of the week. Results found that speeding was more prevalent in the early mornings and during the weekends.
Kant's 'Critique of Pure Reason': An Introduction

1. Introduction to the critical project 2. The prefaces and the introduction 3. The transcendental aesthetic 4. The metaphysical deduction 5. The transcendental deduction 6. The schematism and the analytic of principles I 7. The analytic of principles II 8. Transcendental illusion I: rational psychology 9. Transcendental illusion II: rational cosmology 10. Transcendental illusion III: rational theology 11. Reason and the critical philosophy Conclusion: Kant's transcendental idealism.
Pulsed Eddy-Current Testing of Steel Sheets

This is a brief report on some early work on the testing of steel sheets using pulsed eddy currents. Penetration up to about 10 mm has been achieved and some artificial defects have been observed. Longer pulses are to be employed for deeper penetration, and more work done on the observation of defects. Some theoretical work is also reported. An indication is given of further work and the preparation of computer programs to produce a calculated output pulse where the input pulse shape is known.
Interdomain hybrid Tet proteins confer tetracycline resistance only when they are derived from closely related members of the tet gene family.

Inner membrane Tet proteins encoded by tet genes in gram-negative bacteria mediate resistance to tetracycline (Tcr) by directing its export. Total sequences for class A, B, and C tet genes demonstrate that their products have a common ancestor, with Tet(A) and Tet(C) being more closely related (78% identical) than either is to Tet(B) (45% identical). The N- and C-terminal halves of Tet(B) and Tet(C) appear to comprise separate domains, and trans-complementation observed between tetracycline sensitive mutants in either domain of Tet(B) suggests separate but interactive functions for these domains. In this present study, interdomain hybrid genes were constructed to express hybrid tet products whose N- and C-terminal halves were derived from different family members [Tet(A/C), Tet(B/C), and Tet(C/B)]. Tet(A/C) specified a level of Tcr comparable to wild-type Tet(C) and 60% that of Tet(A), indicating that domains from these closely related tet products can function in cis. Although neither Tet(B/C) nor Tet(C/B) hybrids conferred significant Tcr, cells producing both of these types of hybrid proteins expressed substantial Tcr, indicating that productive interactions can occur in trans between Tet(B/C) and Tet(C/B). Taken together, these results suggest that highly specific interactions between the N- and C-terminal domains are necessary for Tcr and do not occur in individual hybrids derived from the more distant relatives, Tet(B) and Tet(C). This requirement for specific interactions suggests that N- and C-terminal domains have coevolved in each member of the Tet family. Images
Affinity column purification of protocollagen proline hydroxylase from chick embryos and further characterization of the enzyme.

Abstract An affinity column procedure was devised for the purification of protocollagen proline hydroxylase, the enzyme which synthesizes the hydroxyproline in collagen by hydroxylating peptidyl proline. The procedure involved linking a peptide substrate with a high affinity for the enzyme to agarose and then specifically eluting the enzyme from the agarose with a high concentration of a second peptide substrate of lower affinity. The second substrate was then separated from the enzyme by gel filtration. The isolated enzyme was homogeneous by gel filtration, by ultracentrifugation of the enzyme in the native and dissociated state, and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the native and dissociated state. Also, the enzyme had a considerably higher specific activity than enzyme isolated from the same source with other procedures. The enzyme was shown to be a tetramer which has a molecular weight of about 230,000 and is composed of two different types of subunits. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that the molecular weights of the two types of subunits were 60,000 and 64,000. Ultracentrifugation of the enzyme in guanidine hydrochloride and mercaptoethanol indicated that the molecular weight for the 2 subunits was 62,000. The enzyme was dissociated into both monomers and dimers by either dithiothreitol or mercaptoethanol, indicating that the structural integrity of the enzyme is maintained in part by either intrachain or interchain disulfide bonds. The monomers had no enzymatic activity. The isolated enzyme was shown to have no protocollagen lysine hydroxylase activity. All of the hydroxyproline synthesized by the enzyme was shown to be 4-hydroxyproline, and no 3-hydroxyproline activity was detected.
Modeling of Internal Combustion Engine Ignition Coil via MATLAB® Simulink® and Ansoft Maxwell® Software

Electrical ignition (spark ignition) is the mechanism that ignites the air-fuel mixture provided by the induction system of an internal combustion engine. SAE J973 NOV1999 is a test method that was designed and established by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). This specification provides a test sequence along with the equipment that ensures the proper test for a spark delivery device. To have a mathematical model of the ignition coil to function per this SAE specification would be beneficial to the design engineer. This paper will discuss the operation and simulation of an ignition coil using MATLAB® Simulink® and Ansoft Maxwell® finite element analysis software. The aforementioned numerical packages are used to evaluate a coil design and how it would correlate to the SAE J973 prescribed by the SAE Ignition Systems Standards Committee. The coil that is simulated is of inductive type ignition. The simulation results show that accuracy within 10% to 15% from tested values is obtainable with lumped parameter elements using this modeling technique.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Fragmentation of a Steel Ring under Explosive Loading

There is a great deal of interest in the behavior of metallic materials under high strain rate loading. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) could be used to model these materials with a reduction in the amount of experimentation needed for characterization. A finite element model of a metallic ring under high strain rate loading was developed using the Johnson-Cook failure model in Abaqus Computer Aided Engineering (CAE). The ring was modeled both axisymmetrically and in three dimensions. Failure was determined by defining a failure initiation value to start the process of element deletion. It was found that element deletion would occur when the failure strain initiation value was less than 1x10−4. Results of both axisymmetric and 3-D were found to be within 3% of each other with respect to maximum von Mises stress, and failure modes were identical. The effects of model changes and loading conditions are investigated.
Identifying Functional Sites Based on Prediction of Charged Group Behavior

This protocol describes the implementation and interpretation of THEMATICS, a simple computational predictor of functional information for proteins from the three-dimensional structure. This method is based on the computation of the electrical potential function for the protein and the calculation of the predicted titration curves for each of the titratable groups in the protein. While most of the titratable residues in a protein have predicted titration behavior that fits the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the ionizable residues in the active site generally deviate dramatically from the typical behavior. From the calculated titration curves, one identifies those residues that deviate significantly from Henderson-Hasselbalch behavior. A cluster of two or more of such deviant titratable residues in physical proximity is a reliable predictor of active-site location.
Feature extraction for robust speech recognition

We present new feature extraction and feature transformation techniques that significantly improve the robustness of continuous speech recognition. We report results on two tasks - an in-car embedded speech recognition task and a speaker-phone based air travel task. The techniques provide significant accuracy improvements in both tasks.
Determinations of organic acids in potatoes by high performance liquid chromatography

A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed to quantify the major organic acids in potatoes oxalic, citric, malic, fumaric and ascorbic acids. Tubers were extracted with 95% ethanol:water:concentrated sulfuric acid 60:40:0.2 followed by injection on an Aminex HPX-87 column with a mobile phase of 0.018N sulfuric acid. Ascorbic acid was detected at 260 nm while the other four acids were quantified at 210 nm unless fructose was present at a concentration of 6 mg/g or higher, in which case 220 or 230 nm was used. Greater than 90% recovery was observed for all acids with most recoveries near 100%. The method has been shown to be very reproducible with the CV% ranging from 1.3-12.3 while the majority were below 4%. Analyses of several potato varieties have shown a wide variation in acid content among varieties.
Androgen antagonistic effect of estramustine phosphate (EMP) metabolites on wild-type and mutated androgen receptor.

Abstract Estramustine phosphate is used frequently, alone or in combination with other antitumor agents, for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Estramustine phosphate is metabolically activated in vivo , and its metabolites, estramustine, estromustine, estrone, and β-estradiol inhibit the assembly of microtubules [for review see: Kreis W, In: Concepts, Mechanisms, and New Targets for Chemotherapy (Ed. Muggia FM), pp. 163–184. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1995]. We investigated, by displacement of [ 3 H]methyltrienolone in the presence of 2.5 mM of triamcinolone acetonide, the binding of estramustine phosphate and its metabolites, estramustine, estromustine, estrone, and β-estradiol, as well as other antiandrogen agents including α-estradiol, bicalutamide, and hydroxyflutamide, to the mutated androgen receptor (m-AR) in LNCaP cells and to the wild-type androgen receptor in wild-type AR cDNA expression plasmid (w-pAR0) cDNA-transfected HeLa cells. Analogous to the antiandrogens, bicalutamide and hydroxyflutamide, binding of estramustine phosphate metabolites to the androgen receptor was observed. The ec 50 values (in μM) were: estramustine phosphate, >10; estramustine, 3.129 ± 0.312; estromustine; 2.612 ± 0.584; estrone, 0.800 ± 0.090; α-estradiol, 1.051 ± 0.096; β-estradiol, 0.523 ± 0.028; bicalutamide, 4.920 ± 0.361; and hydroxyflutamide, 0.254 ± 0.012. The transactivation assay demonstrated that, analogous to bicalutamide, estramustine could not induce luciferase activity in either w-pAR0 or m-pARL transfected HeLa cells. In contrast, a strong induction of the reporter activity by dihydrotestosterone was observed. Down-regulation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression, an AR-target gene, by estramustine and bicalutamide was accompanied by the blockade of the mutated androgen receptor. Exposure of LNCaP cells to estramustine for 24 hr caused transcriptional inhibition of PSA in a concentration-dependent manner. The levels of PSA mRNA decreased 56 and 90% when LNCaP cells were treated with 5 and 10 μM of estramustine, respectively ( ic 50 = 10.97 ± 1.68 μM). Binding of hydroxyflutamide to m-AR in LNCaP cells resulted in a concentration-dependent stimulation of PSA expression, suggesting that hydroxyflutamide acted as an agonist of the m-AR. Our data indicate that estramustine phosphate metabolites perform as androgen antagonists of AR, an additional mechanism involved in the therapeutic effect of estramustine phosphate in patients with prostate cancer.