cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of intranasal pirodavir (R77975) in experimental rhinovirus infection.

Abstract Pirodavir (R77975) is a capsid-binding, antipicornaviral agent with in vitro activity against most rhinovirus (RV) serotypes. We conducted four double-blind, controlled trials to assess the efficacy of intranasal pirodavir in experimentally induced RV infection of susceptible volunteers. Intranasal pirodavir (2 mg per dose) or the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin vehicle as a placebo was given by metered pump spray. In three prophylaxis trials, subjects were inoculated with RV within 10 min of the second and third doses. When sprays were given six times per day for a total of 25 doses, infection, detected by either virus shedding or seroconversion, developed in 100% of the 13 placebo-treated subjects and 58% of the 12 pirodavir-treated subjects (P = 0.015). Clinical colds developed in 54% of placebo-treated subjects and 8% of pirodavir-treated subjects during drug administration (efficacy = 85%, P = 0.03), although late-developing colds developed in several subjects in both groups. Significant reductions in morning symptom scores and in the frequency of abnormal middle-ear pressures were also found in the pirodavir group. In contrast, in two prophylaxis studies using three doses daily, no significant antiviral or clinical benefits were observed. When frequent sprays were initiated at 24 h after RV challenge, significant reductions in virus shedding but no clinical benefits were found. Intranasal pirodavir was generally well tolerated but was associated with an excess rate of transient unpleasant taste. The findings indicated that frequent intranasal sprays of pirodavir were effective in preventing experimentally induced RV illness.
The Graft-versus-Tumor Potential of Allogeneic Cell Therapy: An Update on Donor Leukocyte Infusions and Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

THE BEST, IF NOT ONLY, CURATIVE THERAPY for many patients with hematologic malignancies is allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). It is now generally accepted that successful allogeneic SCT is dependent not only on the intensive conditioning therapy, but also on the anti-leukemic properties of the donor graft. This very important “graft-versus-leukemia” (GVL) effect is independent of the conditioning regimen and it is mediated, at least in part, by mature donor T cells contained in the stem cell graft. In fact, the rationale for some of the earliest trials of bone marrow transplantation were based on the use of allogeneic bone marrow as “adoptive immunotherapy” to destroy residual leukemia cells, and not just as a convenient source for hematopoietic “rescue” after myeloablative therapy (1). Unfortunately, despite many advances in conditioning regimens and supportive care, regimen-related toxicity, relapse, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remain the major obstacles to successful allogeneic SCT. However, the ability to harness the GVL activity of allogeneic donor cells has provided the foundation for newer, safer approaches of allogeneic cell therapy (ACT) that begin to address problems such as relapse, conditioning regimen toxicity, and GVHD. In the past, the only curative therapy for relapsed leukemia after allogeneic SCT had been second SCT, but only at the expense of extensive morbidity, mortality, and very high relapse rates (2,3). Given conclusive preclinical data for important GVL activity and the indirect evidence for GVL reactions in the clinical setting, it was logical to test the potential for donor leukocyte infusions (DLI) to provide antileukemia activity for patients who relapse after allogeneic SCT. It has now been convincingly demonstrated that donor leukocytes can induce a direct GVL reaction in some patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic SCT and restore durable complete remissions without the need for any other conditioning therapy. This represents one of the best examples of successful adoptive immunotherapy and demonstrates that it is now possible to exploit the potent immunological properties of the human immune system for clinical benefit. The use of DLI for relapsed leukemia has led to trials using allogeneic adoptive immunotherapy as primary cancer therapy, either as primary DLI or with the use of nonmyeloablative conditioning and allogeneic SCT. Although many issues remain unsettled, the potential to harness the more general “graftversus-tumor” (GVT) activity of allogeneic donor cells may provide a new paradigm for allogeneic cell transplantation and the immunotherapy of cancer.
Variations in writing posture and cerebral organization

Two tachistoscopic tests of cerebral lateralization were administered to 73 subjects classified by handedness, sex, and hand orientation in writing. The results indicated that the direction of cerebral lateralization could be indexed from a subject's handedness and hand posture during writing. In subjects with a normal writing posture, the linguistically specialized hemisphere was contralateral to the dominant hand, and the visuospatially specialized hemisphere was ipsilateral; the reverse was true in subjects with an "inverted" hand position during writing. Females and subjects having an inverted hand posture manifested smaller degrees of lateral differentiation than males and subjects with a typical hand posture.
Linear models for multiframe super-resolution restoration under nonaffine registration and spatially varying PSF

Multi-frame super-resolution restoration refers to techniques for still-image and video restoration which utilize multiple observed images of an underlying scene to achieve the restoration of super-resolved imagery. An observation model which relates the measured data to the unknowns to be estimated is formulated to account for the registration of the multiple observations to a fixed reference frame as well as for spatial and temporal degradations resulting from characteristics of the optical system, sensor system and scene motion. Linear observation models, in which the observation process is described by a linear transformation, have been widely adopted. In this paper we consider the application of the linear observation model to multi-frame super-resolution restoration under conditions of non-affine image registration and spatially varying PSF . Reviewing earlier results, we show how these conditions relate to the technique of image warping from the computer graphics literature and how these ideas may be applied to multi-frame restoration. We illustrate the application of these methods to multi-frame super-resolution restoration using a Bayesian inference framework to solve the ill-posed restoration inverse problem.
Dynamic interactions of natural organic matter and organic compounds

Purpose This article reviews our current understanding about how organic chemicals and water interact dynamically with, and therefore coevolve with, soil and sediment natural organic matter (NOM). NOM can be regarded as a polymer-like phase that responds to the input of organic compounds in ways analogous to synthetic polymers.
A parallel DSDADI method for solution of the steady state diffusion equation

Abstract A parallel diagonally scaled dynamic alternating-direction-implicit (DSDADI) method is shown to be an effective algorithm for solving the 2D and 3D steady-state diffusion equation on large uniform Cartesian grids. Empirical evidence from the parallel solution of large gridsize problems suggests that the computational work done by DSDADI to converge over an Nd grid with continuous diffusivity is of lower order than O(Nd+α) for any fixed α > 0. This is in contrast to the method of diagonally scaled conjugate gradients (DSCG), for which the computational work necessary for convergence is O(Nd+1). Furthermore, the combination of diagonal scaling, spatial domain decomposition (SDD), and distributed tridiagonal system solution gives the DSDADI algorithm reasonable scalability on distributed-memory multiprocessors such as the CRAY T3D. Finally, an approximate parallel tridiagonal system solver with diminished interprocessor communication exhibits additional utility for DSDADI.
The dynamic behaviour of ions in fluorite and tysonite-type solid solutions

Abstract Metal flourides with the fluorite (CaF 2 ) structure are known to accept large amounts of LaF 3 , rare earth (III) fluorides, ThF 4 , or UF 4 . On the other hand, metal fluorides with the tysonite (LaF 3 ) structure are known to dissolve large amounts of the alkaline earth fluorides. The electrical properties of these anion-excess fluorite-type, and anion-deficient tysonite-type solid solutions have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Nominally pure alkaline earth fluorides are rather poor anionic conductors, in contrast to the nominally pure tysonites. With regard to the composition dependence of the isothermal ionic conductivity, significant differences exist between both types of solid solution. The ionic conductivity of concentrated fluorite-type solid solutions increases exponentially with increasing solute content. In several of these systems a maximum is observed in the conductivity isotherm, while in all extensive defect clustering is assumed to occur. Up to about 5 mole% a linear increase occurs in the tysonite-type solid solutions. Like the anion-deficient oxyfluorites, the conductivity isotherms reveal a maximum. In fluorites both fluoride ion vacancies, and fluoride interstitials carry the current. This has some unexpected consequences for the composition dependence of the ionic conductivity. In the tysonite-type solid solutions only fluoride ion vacancies are mobile. However, in this structure two types of anion lattice site need be taken into account. Recently, several conduction models have been proposed for both types of solid solution. These models will be discussed in relation with possible defect structures, which do not only affect the extrinsic conductivity, but in the case of the fluorite-type solid solutions also the high-temperature liquid-like conduction mode. The discussion will not be restricted to diffusive motion of the defects. In addition, it will be shown that the study of localized motion with thermal depolaarization techniques can contribute significantly to our understanding of the conduction mechanisms of both types of solid solution.
The accuracy of Norton's empirical approximations for groundwave attenuation

In his papers on the numerical evaluation of the Sommerfeld surface wave attenuation, Norton gave the results primarily in graphical and tabular form, but he also included some empirical approximations. These approximate expressions are simple and readily programmed on hand calculators, while the exact expression involves the complementary error function with complex argument. The accuracy of the approximations is therefore of practical interest; the results of numerical checks of the accuracy of the various approximate expressions are reported here.
Ceramic sensors and transducers

Abstract Annual production of electrically active ceramics today exceeds 650 million units. New functions that more fully utilize the features of ceramic microstructures are continually being developed. However, detailed physical understanding of the charge transfer interactions in the solid phases, and with the adsorbed phases and the electrodes is lagging. Available tools for microstructural and microchemical characterization must be applied in a more systematic and comprehensive way. New quantitative methods of characterization, with improved resolution and accuracy, are also needed. These and other challenges provide interesting prospects for additional research.
Development of multiple cycle coupling suspension in the optimization of complex systems

The design of complex engineering systems requires an initial decomposition of the system into subsystems. These systems are linked together by couplings, which represent output data transference from one subsystem to another. Because complex engineering systems can have hundreds or thousands of such couplings, the optimization of these systems is often quite difficult, if not impossible. To reduce the optimization time, it becomes important that a system designer have the ability to select couplings that have little effect on the solution accuracy, and temporarily remove them. Previous coupling strength analysis methods have not related the effect of a coupling’s removal for multiple cycles to solution accuracy. The method presented here identifies weak couplings based on their relationship to the objective function and constraints in the overall system optimization problem. The couplings are then suspended for multiple cycles of the multidisciplinary design optimization process. Discussion of the application of this new method follows, as well as implementation on a decomposed analytical problem. The method significantly reduces the number of subsystem analyses required to optimize the decomposed problem by suspending couplings for multiple design cycles. As a result of the system reduction, considerable computational saving are made without introducing significant error into the results of the optimization. The trade-offs between computational savings and solution accuracy are also shown and discussed.
The metalorganic chemical vapor deposition growth of AlAsSb and InAsSb/InAs using novel source materials for infrared emitters

We have grown AlSb and ALAsxSb1-x epitaxial layers by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using trimethylamine or ethyldimethylamine alane, triethylantimony, and arsine. These layers were successfully doped p- or n-type using diethylzinc or tetraethyltin, respectively. We examined the growth of AlAsxSb1-x using temperatures of 500 to 600‡C, pressures of 65 to 630 Torr, V/III ratios of 1-17, and growth rates of 0.3 to 2.7 Μm/h in a horizontal quartz reactor. We have also grown gain-guided, injection lasers using AlAsSb for optical confinement and a strained InAsSb/lnAs multi-quantum well active region using MOCVD. The semi-metal properties of a p-GaAsSb/n-InAs heterojunction are utilized as a source for injection of electrons into the active region of the laser. In pulsed mode, the laser operated up to 210K with an emission wavelength of 3.8-3.9 Μm. The dependence of active region composition on wavelength was determined. We also report on the two-color emission of a light-emitting diode with two different active regions to demonstrate multi-stage operation of these devices.
Effects of structural disorder and temperature on the distribution of exciton binding energy in poly(phenylene vinylene) films

Abstract Luminescence quenching experiments on oriented and drop-cast poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV), films identify the excitons in these polymer films as Wannier–Mott excitons. The data are interpreted in terms of a distribution of exciton binding energies ( E b ). We find that the width of this distribution is well correlated with the degree of structural disorder. The relatively small mean E b , approximately 60 meV, results in field-induced exciton disociations that limits the quantum efficiency obtained from polymer-based light emitting diodes (PLEDs) which typically are operated at applied fields of 10 6 V/cm or greater where the field-induced exciton disociations is significant. We present data and analysis that support these conclusions, as well as a discussion on the implications of our findings on polymer-based display technology.
Thermodynamics versus Kinetics Dichotomy in the Linear Self- Assembly of Mixed Nanoblocks

We report classical and replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations that establish the mechanisms underpinning the growth kinetics of a binary mix of nanorings that form striped nanotubes via self-assembly. A step-growth coalescence model captures the growth process of the nanotubes, which suggests that high aspect ratio nanostructures can grow by obeying the universal laws of self-similar coarsening, contrary to systems that grow through nucleation and elongation. Notably, striped patterns do not depend on specific growth mechanisms, but are governed by tempering conditions that control the likelihood of depropagation and fragmentation.
The Impact of Large-Scale Forcing on Skill of Simulated Convective Initiation and Upscale Evolution with Convection-Allowing Grid Spacings in the WRF*

AbstractA set of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with 3-km grid spacing to investigate the skill at predicting convective initiation and upscale evolution into an MCS. Precipitation was verified using equitable threat scores (ETSs), the neighborhood-based fractions skill score (FSS), and the Method of Object-Based Diagnostic Evaluation. An illustrative case study more closely examines the strong influence that smaller-scale forcing features had on convective initiation.Initiation errors for the 36 cases were in the south-southwest direction on average, with a mean absolute displacement error of 105 km. No systematic temporal error existed, as the errors were approximately normally distributed. Despite earlier findings that quantitative precipitation forecast skill in convection-parameterizing simulations is a function of the strength of large-scale forcing, this relationship was not present in the present study for convective initiation. H...
“Making Love in English:” Language in Psychotherapy with Immigrant Women

This article deals with issues of bilingual and multilingual clients in therapy. It addresses the subtle and complex meanings of language choice and language fluency of the client and therapist.
Homotopy commutative obstructions for liftings

Abstract In this paper we study the c2 invariant originally introduced by Williams. In particular, it has been shown to be useful to know when the c2 invariant of an H-map lands in the modules PH∗(X) ⊗ PH∗(X), for X a homotopy commutative H-space. New methods using projective planes are introduced and examples are given where the c2-invariant does not lie in PH∗(X) ⊗ PH∗(X). This paper corrects an error in [J.P. Lin and F. Williams, Primitivity of the c2 invariant, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 43 (1986) 289-298].
Determining Adequate Yearly Progress from Kindergarten Through Grade 6 with Curriculum-Based Measurement:

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) bridges traditional psychometric and classroom-based observational assessment paradigms to forge an innovative approach to measurement, with several advantages over traditional and other forms of classroom assessment. This article provides a framework for extending CBM in two ways. First, the authors explain how CBM may be used effectively and efficiently to fulfill the Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) accountability requirement of No Child Left Behind and how such an approach may be linked to special education accountability. Second, with the goal of tracking AYP across the elementary school grades, the authors introduce a system of CBM indicators that extends the CBM passage reading fluency task down to the beginning of kindergarten and up through the end of sixth grade. Across these two extensions to CBM, the goal is to provide a seamless approach to progress monitoring in reading across the elementary grades and across general and special education.
The tell-tale beeper.

The institution of marriage has been my pleasure for 17 years, but the beeper has been my mistress longer.
Relative numerousness judgments by squirrel monkeys

With nonnumerousness dimensions (e.g., pattern, area) controlled, three cards with two to seven black-filled circles were presented on each trial. If the center of three conditional cue lights was illuminated, the monkey was reinforced for selecting the card with the fewest circles; if two lights were on, the card with the intermediate number of circles was correct; and if three lights were on, the card with the most circles was correct. Training began with one conditional cue light and proceeded to the three-light condition. Then the one- and three-light conditions were presented randomly and concurrently, followed by the two-light condition. Finally, one, two, or three lights were presented randomly and concurrently. Only one monkey met criterion on all training stages, but another monkey succeeded also through the intermediate-number condition. It was concluded that the squirrel monkey is capable of relative numerousness judgments, including ordinal numerousness judgments. Additional discussion was concerned with the hypothesis suggested by Brown, Lenneberg, and Ettlinger (1978) that the ability to use quantitative concepts is a prerequisite to the acquisition of language.
Efficient Incorporation of Polar Comonomers in Copolymerizations with Ethylene Using a Cyclophane-Based Pd(II) α-Diimine Catalyst

Polar olefins were copolymerized with ethylene using a cyclophane-based palladium(II) α-diimine catalyst. The incorporation levels of both methyl acrylate and tert-butyl acrylate are unusually high compared to what is obtained with the corresponding acyclic catalyst. Mechanistic studies by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy revealed that the differences between the insertion barriers for ethylene and MA (ΔΔG⧧) are similar for the acyclic and cyclophane catalysts. The equilibration of comonomers, fast on experimental time scales for the acyclic catalyst, was too slow to be measured for the cyclophane catalyst. These results suggest that ligand substitution is significantly retarded by the bulky cyclophane ligand. The reduction of the rate of monomer exchange with respect to monomer insertion reduces the catalyst's ability to discriminate between comonomers, hence resulting in the high incorporation levels of acrylates in copolymerizations with ethylene.
High-resolution variable-temperature MAS 19f NMR spectroscopy of fluorocarbon polymers

It is shown that a combination of high MAS rates and high temperature results in olid state 19 F NMR spectra of comparable resolution to solution state 19 F NMR spectra. This appears to be a promising technique for routine qualitative and accurate quantitative analysis of intractable fluoropolymers which cannot be easily analyzed by other methods
Effects of neuropeptide Y on collateral development in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia

Abstract We investigated the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY), abundant in the myocardial sympathetic nervous system and endothelial cells, in angiogenesis during chronic myocardial ischemia. Adult male Yorkshire swine underwent ameroid constrictor placement on the proximal left circumflex coronary artery. After 3 weeks, an osmotic pump was placed to deliver either placebo (control, n = 8) or NPY3–36 (NPY, n = 8) to the collateral dependent region. Five weeks after pump placement, after cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic assessment, the heart was harvested for analysis. NPY treated animals demonstrated increased mean arterial pressures and improved left ventricular function (+ dP/dt). Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a significant increase in the blush score in the NPY group (p
Beyond complete myocardial revascularization: is it important and does it matter?

Constructing more than one graft per coronary system (left anterior descending, circumflex, right) has been widely and enthusiastically practiced for many years because it was thought to confer long-term freedom from major adverse coronary events. In reality the medical and surgical literature do not document the importance of maximizing the number of coronary vessels bypassed beyond one per system. Published series exhibit great variation in patient cohort, length of follow-up and lack the whole gamut of clinical endpoints. None of the published series provide an analysis based on subset stratification according to detailed coronary vessel anatomopathologic inventory in relation to revascularization strategy. (J Card Surg 2003; 18:80-90)
The Intersection of Social Process and Social Structure Theories to Address Juvenile Crime: Toward a Collaborative Intervention Model

Juvenile crime has long been a pervasive social problem and the target of various intervention efforts. These efforts are ultimately orchestrated by the theoretical lens through which juvenile crime is viewed. This article illustrates the utility of examining theoretical perspectives to inform interventions by presenting a critical analysis and proposed synthesis of two major theories in this area; social learning theory and social disorganization theory. Results of this analysis suggest that both be considered and merged in developing potential solutions. Removing professional silos and developing interdisciplinary approaches aimed at improving outcomes for youth, their families, and communities are critical.
Metabolic responses of transition Holstein cows fed anionic salts and supplemented at calving with calcium and energy.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of plasma Ca, P, Mg, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β -hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and glucose in transition cows fed anionic salts prepartum and provided with calcium and energy supplements at calving. The study was conducted on a Florida Holstein dairy farm from November to December 1997. Treatments consisted of no treatment (n = 30); 60g of Ca as calcium chloride, orally (n = 30); 110g of Ca as calcium propionate 510g plus 400g of propylene glycol, orally (n = 30); two doses of 60g of Ca as calcium chloride, one at calving and the second 24h later, orally (n = 30); and 10g of Ca as borogluconate, intravenously (n = 30). Treatments were administered within 12h after parturition. Blood samples were collected at d 1 (parturition), 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after calving. Plasma total Ca, P, Mg, NEFA, BHBA, and glucose were measured. There were no differences in the concentrations of the blood metabolites among treatments.
Impact of statin therapy on the artery wall in the low-risk patient: implications from the METEOR study

Lowering levels of LDL-cholesterol is associated with profound clinical benefit. More recently, it has been demonstrated that intensively lowering LDL-cholesterol to very low levels is associated with greater benefit. Vascular imaging has defined that this approach has a dramatic impact on the progression of disease in the artery wall. The Measuring Effects on Intima-Media Thickness: an Evaluation of Rosuvastatin in Subclinical Atherosclerosis (METEOR) study observed that rosuvastatin halted progression of carotid intimal-medial thickness in participants with low Framingham risk scores and evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis. This extends the benefits of intensive statin therapy to patients who would not typically be treated. It also highlights the concept that imaging modalities and other emerging risk markers may identify patients who could benefit from the use of established preventive medical therapies.
κ-Opioid and NMDA glutamate receptors are differentially targeted within rat medial prefrontal cortex

Activation of kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) modulates excitatory transmission, which may involve interactions with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. We investigated possible anatomical correlates of this modulation by using dual labeling electron microscopy to examine the cellular distributions of antibodies raised against KOR and the R1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NR1). KOR immunoreactivity primarily was localized to plasma and vesicular membranes of axons and axon terminals that were morphologically heterogeneous. A small proportion of KOR immunoreactivity was associated with cytosolic compartments of dendrites and membranes of glial processes. NR1 labeling was mainly postsynaptic, associated most often with membranes of cytoplasmic organelles in cell bodies and large dendrites and plasmalemmal surfaces of distal dendrites. The remaining NR1-labeled profiles were axonal profiles and glial processes. Of all cellular associations between labeled profiles, the majority were KOR-labeled axons that contacted NR1-immunoreactive dendrites or cell bodies. Occasionally the two antigens were colocalized in axon terminals that formed either asymmetric synapses or displayed varicose morphology. KOR and NR1 also were colocalized within dendrites, and rarely were observed in the same cell bodies. Occasionally glial processes coursing adjacent to axo-spinous appositions expressed both KOR and NR1 immunoreactivity. These results indicate that ligand activation of KOR or NMDA receptors differentially modulates excitatory transmission in the mPFC through pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms, respectively. The data also suggest more minor roles for colocalized KOR and NMDA receptors in shared regulation of presynaptic transmitter release, postsynaptic responsivity, and glial function.
A finite element implementation of a coupled diffusion-deformation theory for elastomeric gels

The theory of Chester and Anand (2011) for fluid diffusion and large deformations of elastomeric gels is implemented as a user-defined element (UEL) subroutine in the commercial finite element software package ABAQUS. A specialized form of the constitutive equations and the governing partial differential equations of the theory are summarized, and the numerical implementation is described in detail. To demonstrate the robustness of the numerical implementation a few illustrative numerical simulation examples for axisymmetric, plane strain, and three-dimensional geometries are shown. For educational purposes, and also to facilitate the numerical implementation of other coupled multiphysics theories, the source code for the UEL is provided as an online supplement to this paper.
An effective Z

We describe a method to couple ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ gauge bosons to the standard model (SM), without charging the SM fields under the $U(1{)}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, but instead through effective higher-dimension operators. This method allows complete control over the tree-level couplings of the ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and does not require altering the structure of any of the SM couplings, nor does it contain anomalies or require introduction of fields in nonstandard SM representations. Moreover, such interactions arise from simple renormalizable extensions of the SM---the addition of vectorlike matter that mixes with SM fermions when the $U(1{)}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is broken. We apply effective ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ models as explanations of various recent anomalies: the D0 same-sign dimuon asymmetry, the CDF $W+\mathrm{di}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{jet}$ excess and the CDF top forward-backward asymmetry. In the case of the $W+\mathrm{di}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{jet}$ excess we also discuss several complementary analyses that may shed light on the nature of the discrepancy. We consider the possibility of non-Abelian groups, and discuss implications for the phenomenology of dark matter as well.
Root dentin body moisture changes caused by ascorbic acid

Objectives To quantify in vitro the root dentin moisture (DM) when soaked in 10% ascorbic acid solution (Group A) and distilled water (Group B) for up to 14 days.
Secondary glaucomas in the dog in North America

Objective To determine the prevalence of secondary glaucomas in dogs associated with cataract formation, lens luxation or displacement, cataract surgery, uveitis, hyphema and intraocular neoplasia. Methods Information was obtained from the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) from all veterinary medical teaching hospitals in North America from March 1964 to March 2003. Secondary glaucomas were diagnosed at the same examination or after the primary diagnosis was made, and included those associated with cataract formation, lens luxation, cataract surgery, uveitis of unknown cause, hyphema of unknown cause, and intraocular neoplasia. The data were evaluated by decade, breed, gender and age of presentation. Results A total of 1 592 831 dogs were presented, and 9695 canine secondary glaucomas. Secondary glaucoma associated with cataract formation represented 81% of all the canine secondary glaucomas. Breeds (n = 7890 dogs) predisposed to secondary glaucoma and cataracts had an overall prevalence of 0.5%, but nearly 20% of all the cataractous dogs developed secondary glaucoma in at least one eye. For the years 1994–2003, these breeds included the American Cocker Spaniel; Boston Terrier; Toy, Miniature and Standard Poodle; English Springer Spaniel; Bichon Frise; and Labrador Retriever. The other forms of secondary glaucoma occurred less frequently, and included those glaucomas with lens luxation or displacement (779 dogs; 12.0%), postcataract surgery (528 dogs; 5.1%), with uveitis from unknown cause (399 dogs; 7.1%), with hyphema from unknown cause (117 dogs; 7.3%), and with intraocular neoplasia (19 dogs; 3.5%). The risk of the secondary glaucomas from 1984 to 2002 was highest after the intracapsular lens extraction (ICLE), less in the extracapsular technique (ECLE), and lowest for the phacoemulsification/phacofragmentation method. Conclusion Prevalence of the canine secondary glaucomas ranges from 0.25% (1964–1973), 0.46% (1974–1983), 0.79% (1984–1993), to 0.80% (1994–2003) and are as frequent as the primary or breed-related glaucomas during these same time periods.
Phase transitions in the Mn1±xAu1±y homogeneity range

Powder samples of Mn1 ± xAu1 ± y were examined by powder X-ray diffraction at temperatures up to 500 °C. In agreement with previous work it was found that Mn1 ± xAu1 ± y has the CsCl-type structure at high temperature and it distorts to tetragonal symmetry with ca 1. The changes in the diffraction patterns with temperature permitted the determination of the one-and two-phase fields, and a new partial phase diagram for the Au-Mn system in the region 0.88 < AuMn < 1.05 and 25 °C < T < 110 °C is presented.
An inequality for approximate likelihood ratios

An L1 type inequality is proved between likelihood ratios and approximations to them gotten by conditioning on a finite number of random variables.
Dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes with linear and tripodal tetradenate ligands: Synthesis, structures and their use as olefin epoxidation catalysts

Abstract A series of linear and tripodal tetradentate ligands containing an amine-bis(phenolate) core were synthesized by Mannich condensations. Treatment of these ligands with MoO2(acac)2 (acac = acetylacetonate) in dichloromethane and methanol at room temperature gave the corresponding cis-dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes in good yields. All these complexes were characterized by a wide range of spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, and UV–Vis) and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of complexes MoO2(Ln) (n = 1–3, 5) were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activities of all complexes towards the epoxidation of styrene by tert-butyl hydroperoxide have also been investigated.
SUICIDE AND ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF DOMESTIC INTEGRATION

In examining the association between suicide rates and measures of domestic inregration (marriage and divorce rates), some researchers have entered the rates of marriage and divorce separately into the regression equations (Lester, 1993) while others have used a divorce/marriage ratio (Hassan & Tan, 1989). Data were available for 27 nations for 195CL1985 for crude suicide, marriage, and divorce rates from a previous research project in order to explore which method was more useful empirically. Four time series regressions were run (Doan, 1990) for each nation; using divorces/marriages, marriage and divorce, divorce, and marriage. Since only one or two dependent variables were used, use of R2 is appropriate. Looking at the R2 statistics, the use of marriage and hvorce rates in the regression equation performed better than the divorce/marriage ratio in 18 of the 27 nations but the ddferences were not statistically significant (mean ~~=.743 and ,742, respecrively). The use of divorce alone outperfotmed divorces/marriages in on1 13 nations (mean R2= ,739 and ,742, respectively; f,,=0.73). Y .. Looking at the adjusted R statlsucs, the use of marriage and divorce rates in the regression equation performed better than the divorce/marriage rario in 8 of the 27 nations (median R2= ,815 and ,818, respectively). The use of divorce alone outperformed divorces/rnarriages in 13 nations (median R2= ,818 and 2318, respectively). The sign of the regression coefficients for divorce and marriage rates versus divorces/marriages changed in only two of the 27 nations. Thus, the use of a rario measure of divorces/marriages versus divorce and marriage had a ., negligible effect of the power of the time series regressions to predict the suicide rate.
Guest editorial: 17th International Meshing Roundtable Special Issue

The committee of the 17th International Meshing Roundtable is pleased to publish this special edition of Engineering with Computers based on papers presented at the conference in October, 2008. The conference was one of the best attended with over 50 papers submitted and 36 papers accepted. In addition, the conference attracted 12 research notes. Of the 36 papers, the committee invited 10 authors with the best reviews to submit their work for this special issue. Mesh generation as field has matured considerably over the last decade or two and researchers are beginning to address the more challenging problems that remain in mesh generation. This was reflected amply in the conference which had cutting edge topics such as real-time tessellation of NURBS surfaces, GPU assisted surface reconstruction and meshing for biological models and granular processes. At the same time, the papers reflected the continuing interest in and challenge of automatically generating hexahedral meshes. Finally, the conference saw evidence of ample research continuing into mesh optimization often based on solution metrics. The papers in this issue reflect the complexity and diversity of mesh generation and we hope they will educate and inform the reader about the latest advances in this field.
Effect of ascorbic acid on guinea pig skin collagen synthesis. II. Neutral and acid soluble collagens, mucopolysaccharides, and amino acid composition.

Scorbutic guinea pigs incorporated approximately 15% as much 3H-proline into total skin collagen as the positive controls and hydroxylated 66% as much of that incorporated. 35S-sulfate incorporation into skin acid mucopolysaccharides was decreased 50% in scorbutic animals. Amino acid composition of collagens was similar to that of other vertebrates.
Absence of facilitation or depression of motor evoked potentials after contralateral homologous muscle activation

We have previously described post-exercise facilitation and post-exercise depression of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). To determine the presence of post-exercise facilitation after exercise of a contralateral muscle, MEPs were recorded from the resting right extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle while the left ECR muscle was activated, then immediately after brief left ECR activation, and, finally, immediately after brief right ECR activation. We repeated the experiment using the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. To determine the presence of post-exercise depression after exercise of a contralateral muscle, MEPs were recorded from the right ECR after prolonged exercise of the left ECR, followed by right ECR recording after its fatigue. The mean MEP amplitudes from the right ECR and the right FDI after brief activation were 187% and 266% of their pre-exercise values, respectively. There were no significant changes in MEPs recorded from the right ECR or FDI muscles during or immediately after brief activation of their left counterparts. The mean amplitude of MEPs recorded from the right ECR after it fatigued was approximately half the pre-exercise value, but there was no significant change in MEPs recorded from the right ECR after prolonged exercise of the left ECR. Therefore, neither post-exercise facilitation nor post-exercise depression occurred after contralateral homologous muscle exercise.
Localization of a kinesin-like protein in generative cells of tobacco

We have obtained immunofluorescence and immunoblot evidence for the presence of kinesin-like protein (KLP) in pollen tubes of tobacco using an antibody generated against peptides encoded by theKATA gene ofArabidopsis. This antibody recognizes an Mr 140,000 polypeptide inArabidopsis seedlings, and stains the mitotic apparatus in this species as well as in tobacco suspension cells. In tobacco pollen tubes prepared for dual immunofluorescence localizations of KLP and β-tubulin, the antibody binds transiently to microtubule (Mt) bundles and the nucleus in premitotic generative cells; it then stains the developing mitotic apparatus as the nuclear envelope breaks down. By metaphase, fluorescence is located over kinetochore fibers and associated Mts. Localization of KLP is concentrated in the midzone during anaphase, and by early cytokinesis, it closely brackets the cell plate. Phragmoplast fluorescence then spreads along the phragmoplast distal to the cell plate. Punctate staining is also detected along vegetative Mts. No KLP localization is seen in pollen tubes treated with antibody after it had been preadsorbed to the antigenic peptides. The antibody recognizes an Mr 110,000 polypeptide in extracts of tobacco pollen tubes, and a polypeptide of somewhat lower Mr inTradescantia pollen tubes. Our results show that KLP(s) related to KatAp are present in tobacco generative cells and may play roles in the organization and/or operation of the mitotic apparatus and phragmoplast.
Helping behavior: Effects of sex and self-typing

Two male and two female experimenters asked 178 adult shoppers to fill out a questionnaire. Refusal data showed a cross-sex effect, with individuals helping other-sex experimenters more than same-sex experimenters. The effects of helper sex, helper sex-typing, helpee sex, and situation sex-typing were examined by means of questionnaires administered to the final sample of 120 adults. A non-sex-typed helping behavior was used. Results showed a significant three-way interaction among helper sex, helpee sex, and situation sex-type. Helper sex-typing did not have any significant effects. Results are discussed in terms of the different social norms governing female and male prosocial behaviors.
cw photoluminescence determination of thermally activated fast X--> Gamma interlayer electron scattering in type-II GaAs/AlAs superlattices.

We have observed dominant type-I photoluminescence from type-II GaAs/AlAs superlattices at temperatures higher than 150 K. The measured type-I to type-II photoluminescence intensity ratio at various temperatures is quantitatively described by a three-level rate-equation model. Our results demonstrate the importance of the X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Gamma} real-space charge-transfer (RSCT) process, i.e., the interlayer electron scattering from the AlAs X valleys back to the GaAs \ensuremath{\Gamma} minimum, which leads to the thermally activated type-I emission in type-II structures. Furthermore, we have determined the temperature dependence of this X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Gamma} interlayer electron scattering from 2 to 300 K. The X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Gamma} RSCT time is determined to be about 20 ps at T=300 K. Finally, our results demonstrate that cw PL measurements are useful in determining ultrafast (fs) scattering times.
The relationship between abortion and depression: new evidence from the fragile families and child wellbeing study.

Background Although a number of studies have used survey data to examine the relationship between abortion and depression, none adjusted their estimates for pre-pregnancy depression. The purpose of this study was to test if abortion is associated with a different risk of major depression (MD) symptomatology than other pregnancy outcomes after adjusting for prior depression. Material/methods The current study used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a representative sample of women living in large US cities who recently gave birth. Participants were administered the Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Short Form (CIDI-SF) during the first and second follow-up interviews. Changes in depressive symptoms from the first to the second follow-up interviews were related to abortion and other pregnancy outcomes including giving birth and miscarriage. Results Women who had an abortion between the first and second follow-up interviews were almost twice as likely to have symptoms of MD as women who did not become pregnant. This difference could not be explained by factors such as race, ethnicity, age, education, household income, number of children, or prior depressive symptomatology. In fact, after adjusting for these factors, abortion was still associated with a more than two-fold increase in the likelihood of having depressive symptoms at second follow-up (OR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.01 to 4.57, p=0.047). Giving birth was associated with a statistically comparable increase in the likelihood of having the symptoms of MD. Conclusions The results suggest that the positive association between abortion and depressive symptoms cannot be explained by pre-pregnancy depression. Women who have an abortion are not at higher risk of MD than those who give birth.
Food Web Linkages Demonstrate Importance of Terrestrial Prey for the Threatened California Red-Legged Frog

Restoration efforts are ongoing to protect the threatened California Red-Legged Frog (Rana draytonii) from further decline, but conserving species that have aquatic and terrestrial life stages can be challenging. For example, although it is clear that aquatic habitat must be protected for breeding, less is known about the importance of terrestrial habitat. Food web linkages remain largely unknown for this species yet would offer insight on the source of prey items and, thus, the importance of each type of habitat. We used three methods to analyze food web linkages for the California Red-Legged Frog: 1) stable isotopes collected from frogs and key species in their ecosystem; 2) stomach contents sampled from live frogs in the wild; and 3) stomach contents sampled from museum specimens. The stable isotope mixing model found 99.7% of R. draytonii diet came from terrestrial prey. Wet and dry season stomach content samples flushed from captured frogs had 90% terrestrial prey, and museum specimens contained 82% terrestrial prey. These data suggest that conservation efforts should protect riparian and upland habitats adjacent to aquatic habitats in addition to aquatic habitats.