cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Allogenic Cellular Bone Graft for Ridge Augmentation: A Case Report

Introduction: The reconstruction of alveolar bone defects is often necessary to support successful implant therapy. Although multiple technologies are available to achieve ridge augmentation, the most widely used approaches combine an acellular graft material with guided bone regeneration. Recent advances in tissue banking make it possible to preserve mesenchymal stem cells and osteoprogenitor cells as part of an allogeneic cellular bone matrix that can further enhance the ability of the graft material to provide optimal results for ridge augmentation.Case Presentation: This case report describes the clinical application and results of an allogenic bone matrix product retaining mesenchymal stem and osteoprogenitor cells for alveolar ridge augmentation before implant rehabilitation. The cellular bone matrix supported a radiographic gain of 4 to 6 mm in horizontal ridge width, permitting the placement of dental implants without secondary augmentation.Conclusion: Cellular bone matrix appears to provide an im...
High-capacity binding of proteins by poly(acrylic acid) brushes and their derivatives.

Polymeric coatings with high protein-binding capacities are important for increasing the output of affinity-based protein purification and decreasing the detection limits of antibody microarrays. This report describes the use of thick poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes to immobilize as much as 80 monolayers of protein. The brushes were prepared using a recently developed procedure that allows polymerization of 100-nm-thick poly(tert-butyl acrylate) films from a surface in just 5 min along with hydrolysis of these films to PAA in 15 min. Covalent binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to PAA brushes that were activated using standard coupling agents, however, resulted in immobilization of less than two monolayers of BSA because of competitive hydrolysis of the esters in the activated film. In contrast, derivatization of PAA with nitrilotriacetate (NTA)−Cu2+ complexes yielded films capable of binding many monolayers of protein via metal-ion affinity interactions. For example, derivatization of 55-nm-thick PAA ...
Discourse that is closer to silence than to talk: The politics and possibilities of reporting on victims of war 1

This essay weighs the possibility of a postmodern political knowledge that “refines our sensitivity to differences and reinforces our ability to tolerate the incommensurable”; as suggested by Jean‐Francois Lyotard, as opposed to the prospect for a new and oppressive metanarrative of “'Fortress America’ in a hostile world”; as suggested by Daniel Hallin. In particular, this essay examines news accounts of lives caught in the midst of violent political conflict—accounts of suffering and death that, as Peter Bruck wrote, record a discourse “closer to silence than to talk. “ The essay concludes that we can read such journalism as a flight from chaos and a demand for order but that we may choose, instead, to read it as an appeal for human solidarity in the midst of history's cruelest contingencies. Richard Rorty provides the framework for this alternative reading.
Comments on "Computer-Assisted Continuous Infusion of the Intravenous Analgesic Fentanyl During General Anesthesia-An Interactive System"

This communication shows an algorithm used in the drug infusion system discussed in a recent paper1 to be incorrect. The error is corrected, and a new algorithm is presented.
Estimation of the optimal data base size for structure-activity analyses: the Salmonella mutagenicity data base.

Abstract In the present study, the effects of data base size on predictivity, informational content and structural overlap of derived Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) models were investigated. It was found that indices of predictivity (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, and concordance between experimental and predicted results (OCP)) increased with increasing size of the data base until the range is 300–400 chemicals, at which point they plateau. The greater the size of the data base, the greater the informational content of the model; however, the rate of this increase is no longer optimal when the size of the data base exceeds 400 chemicals.
The evolution of social work practice: implications for the generalist approach

Historically, social work has assumed a generalist approach to practice. Such an approach involves a broad general knowledge base and skills in several disciplines, fields, etc. Evidence-based practice (EBP) entails the exactness of scientific research. It is intended for the application of rigorous expertise to arrive at the most effective practice methods based upon objective research findings. The evolution of social work toward a more legitimate practice method can then be realised via the prescripts of EBP.
Estimation of medium effects on equilibrium constants in moderate and high ionic strength solutions at elevated temperatures by using specific interaction theory (SIT): Interaction coefficients involving Cl, OH - and Ac - up to 200°C and 400 bars

In this study, a series of interaction coefficients of the Bronsted-Guggenheim-Scatchard specific interaction theory (SIT) have been estimated up to 200°C and 400 bars. The interaction coefficients involving Cl- estimated include e(H+, Cl-), e(Na+, Cl-), e(Ag+, Cl-), e(Na+, AgCl2 -), e(Mg2+, Cl-), e(Ca2+, Cl-), e(Sr2+, Cl-), e(Ba2+, Cl-), e(Sm3+, Cl-), e(Eu3+, Cl-), e(Gd3+, Cl-), and e(GdAc2+, Cl-). The interaction coefficients involving OH- estimated include e(Li+, OH-), e(K+, OH-), e(Na+, OH-), e(Cs+, OH-), e(Sr2+, OH-), and e(Ba2+, OH-). In addition, the interaction coefficients of e(Na+, Ac-) and e(Ca2+, Ac-) have also been estimated. The bulk of interaction coefficients presented in this study has been evaluated from the mean activity coefficients. A few of them have been estimated from the potentiometric and solubility studies. The above interaction coefficients are tested against both experimental mean activity coefficients and equilibrium quotients. Predicted mean activity coefficients are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Predicted equilibrium quotients are in very good agreement with experimental values. Based upon its relatively rapid attainment of equilibrium and the ease of determining magnesium concentrations, this study also proposes that the solubility of brucite can be used as a pH (pcH) buffer/sensor for experimental systems in NaCl solutions up to 200°C by employing the predicted solubility quotients of brucite in conjunction with the dissociation quotients of water and the first hydrolysis quotients of Mg2+, all in NaCl solutions.
The Relationship Between Homework Compliance and Therapy Outcomes: An Updated Meta-Analysis

The current study was an updated meta-analysis of manuscripts since the year 2000 examining the effects of homework compliance on treatment outcome. A total of 23 studies encompassing 2,183 subjects were included. Results indicated a significant relationship between homework compliance and treatment outcome suggesting a small to medium effect (r = .26; 95% CI = .19–.33). Moderator analyses were conducted to determine the differential effect size of homework on treatment outcome by target symptoms (e.g., depression; anxiety), source of homework rating (e.g., client; therapist), timing of homework rating (e.g., retroactive vs. contemporaneous), and type of homework rating (e.g., Likert; total homeworks completed). Results indicated that effect sizes were robust across target symptoms, but differed by source of homework rating, timing of homework rating, and type of homework rating. Specifically, studies utilizing combined client and therapist ratings of compliance had significantly higher mean effect size relative to those using therapist only assessments and those using objective assessments. Further, studies that rated the percentage of homeworks completed had a significantly lower mean effect size compared to studies using Likert ratings, and retroactive assessments had higher effect size than contemporaneous assessments.
Assessment of ADHD documentation from candidates requesting Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) accommodations for the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners COMLEX exam.

Purpose: Every year increasing numbers of candidates request special accommodations for high-stakes medical licensing examinations, due to ADHD, on the basis of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). This poses significant challenges for both the applicant and the medical boards and has significant financial, legal, and ethical implications. The purpose of this survey is to review all applications requesting ADA accommodations, on the basis of ADHD, submitted to the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME) COMLEX exam. Method: The authors review all 50 requests for special accommodations, on the basis of ADHD, submitted to the NBOME between 2005 and 2007. All requests are reviewed by the investigators independently and then cross-checked to determine interrater reliability. Results: Of all applicants, only 14% (7/50) provide sufficient documentation to support a diagnosis of ADHD. Interrater reliability is high. Conclusions: The majority of applicants who request special testing accommodations on the basis of ADHD do not provide adequate documentation to the medical boards to support the diagnosis. ( J. of Att. Dis. 2010; XX(X) 1-XX)
Single-Electron Transistor-Tunable Tunnel Barrier Based Non-Volatile Memory

We propose a novel memory configuration using tunable barrier and estimate its frequency response to engineer ever fast and robust nonvolatile memory devices. A quantum-classical approach proves that the lifetime of the charge stored on the semiconductor quantum dot is considerably higher when compared to the normal floating gate non-volatile memories, and the design also promises very high immunity towards thermal noise. A brief workout presented enables the design of the memory element by subtly modifying an existing single electron transistor design.
The Role of Field Emission in the Electrostatic Disruption of Cosmic Dust

The role of field emission in mitigating the process of electrostatic disruption of charged cosmic dust grains is discussed. It is shown that this process prevents the disruption of even the smallest grains independent of the plasma environment if the tensile strengthF t of such grains is greather than about 3.6×107 dynes cm−2. On the other hand, if such grains are very fragile (i.e.,F t ≲106 dynes cm−2, as in ‘cometary’ grains) even field emission cannot always prevent their electrostatic disruption. In this case it is required that the magnitude of the potential of the grains is ≲0.15 V, which places stringent upper limits on the ambient plasma temperatureT. For pure hydrogen and pure oxygen plasmas,T≲700 K andT≲460 K, respectively.
Using change in plasma phenylalanine concentrations and ability to liberalize diet to classify responsiveness to tetrahydrobiopterin therapy in patients with phenylketonuria.

Abstract Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4 ) responsiveness is currently defined as a decrease in plasma phenylalanine concentrations in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). This definition does not offer insight beyond the initial assessment of patients, which may lead to treatment ambiguity in patients who only experience an initial decrease in plasma phenylalanine concentrations. We present our experience with a novel classification approach using sequentially-applied criteria. Plasma phenylalanine concentrations were measured at baseline and after one month of BH 4 therapy (20mg/kg/day) in 58 PKU patients (34 M, 24 F; age 17.3±11.0years). Thirty-two patients (55.2%) were classified as "preliminary responders" at one month, experiencing at least a 15% decrease in plasma phenylalanine concentrations. Preliminary responders' ability to liberalize their dietary restrictions was then systematically assessed. "Definitive responders" were defined as preliminary responders who could increase their dietary phenylalanine tolerance by at least 300mg/day and lower prescribed medical food needs by at least 25% while maintaining metabolic control (plasma phenylalanine ≤360μmol/L) and consuming adequate dietary protein. Preliminary responders who could not liberalize their diets according to these criteria were classified as "provisional responders." Nineteen patients (32.8% of patients initiating BH 4 therapy) met the definitive responder criteria, increasing dietary phenylalanine tolerance from 704±518mg/day to 1922±612mg/day and reducing medical food to 16.7±19.5% of their baseline prescription. Nine patients (15.5% of patients initiating BH 4 therapy) were classified as provisional responders, all remaining on 100% of their baseline medical food prescription. From this classification approach, a subgroup of provisionally responsive patients emerged who experienced an initial decrease in plasma phenylalanine concentrations but who could not substantially increase their dietary phenylalanine tolerance or decrease medical food needs. Diet liberalization is an essential component of BH 4 -responsiveness classification.
An interpretation of image processing in striate cortex

It has been proposed that the simple cells of visual cortex perform either a localized Fourier transform of the image or a wavelet transform. We argue that a short term Fourier transform is unlikely since the required cells with multi-lobed receptive fields are rare or non-existent. We examine the possibility of a wavelet transform and argue that this poses a dilemma since an over-determined basis set is required for shiftability, but this results in non-unique image representations. There is no reason to assume that reconstruction of the retinal image is a cortical objective. We show that if an image is sampled at a point by seven oriented filters it is possible to compute the exact orientation and centroid position. When the set of filters is applied at two different scales, it is possible to identify the stimulus type, its intensity and width. These computations are stable under image shifts in position and orientation and can be made to subpixel resolution. >
Computing and communicating functions over sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, one is not interested in downloading all the data from all the sensors. Rather, one is only interested in collecting from a sink node a relevant function of the sensor measurements. This paper studies the maximum rate at which functions of sensor measurements can be computed and communicated to the sink node. It focuses on symmetric functions, where only the data from a sensor is important, not its identity. The results include the following. The maximum rate of downloading the frequency histogram in a random planar multihop network with n nodes is O(1/logn) A subclass of functions, called type-sensitive functions, is maximally difficult to compute. In a collocated network, they can be computed at rate O(1/n), and in a random planar multihop network at rate O(1/logn). This class includes the mean, mode, median, etc. Another subclass of functions, called type-threshold functions, is exponentially easier to compute. In a collocated network they can be computed at rate O(1/logn), and in a random planar multihop network at rate O(1/loglogn). This class includes the max, min, range, etc. The results also show the architecture for processing information across sensor networks.
The Missing Numerator: Toward a Value Measure for Smartphone Apps

While great strides have been made in measuring energy consumption, these measures alone are not sufficient to enable effective energy management on battery-constrained mobile devices. What is urgently needed is a way to put energy consumption into context by measuring the value delivered by mobile apps. While difficult to compute, an accurate value measure would enable cross-app comparison, app improvement, energy inefficient app detection, and effective runtime energy allocation and prioritization. Our paper motivates the problem, describes requirements for a value measure, discusses and evaluates several possible inputs to such a measure, and presents results from a preliminary (unsuccessful) attempt to formulate one.
FormulaT Racing: combining gaming culture and intuitive sense of mechanism for video game design

While video games are typically labeled either commercial or educational, little has been done to amplify the educational value of popular commercial games. Using data from a pilot study of children playing commercial games we have developed a prototype video game called FormulaT Racing. This game is designed to fit into gaming culture while simultaneously providing an environment that draws on players' intuitive beliefs to move them to a qualitative understanding of basic kinematic principles.
Structural Condition Assessment of Sewer Pipelines

The need of immediate supportive measures for sustainability of municipal infrastructures calls for better understanding of the behavior of various infrastructure network systems and their components. This paper presents a study which uses artificial neural networks to investigate the importance and influence of certain characteristics of sewer pipes upon their structural performance, expressed in terms of condition rating. In this study, back propagation and probabilistic neural network NN models were developed and validated. The data used in the development of these models were provided by the municipality of Pierrefonds, Quebec. It comprised of parameters related to sewer pipelines, pipe diameter, buried depth/cover, bedding material, pipe material, pipeline length, age, and closed circuit television CCTV based structural condition rating. The first six parameters are the independent variables of the models whereas CCTV based condition rating for these pipes is the dependent variable i.e., the output of the models. The developed NN models were used to rank the parameters, in order of their importance/influence on pipe condition. It was found that, among the studied parameters, material attributes have highest influence on pipe structural condition, respectively, followed by the geometric and physical attribute group. Sensitivity analysis was then performed to simulate the structural condition of a pipe at a range of values of each input parameters. Results of sensitivity analysis describe the nature and degree of the influence of each parameter on pipe structural condition. The developed models are expected to benefit academics and practitioners municipal engineers, consultants, and contractors to prioritize inspection and rehabilitation plans for existing sewer mains. DOI: 10.1061/ASCECF.1943-5509.0000081 CE Database subject headings: Neural networks; Assessment; Parameters; Sensitivity analysis; Sewer pipers; Rehabilitation. Author keywords: Neural networks; Condition assessment; Parameters; Sensitivity analysis; Sewer mains.
Calcium and Dairy Products Inhibit Weight and Fat Regain during Ad Libitum Consumption Following Energy Restriction in Ap2-Agouti Transgenic Mice

We demonstrated previously that dietary calcium suppression of calcitriol reduces adipocyte Ca(2+), suppresses lipogenesis, and increases lipid utilization during energy restriction. Notably, dairy calcium sources exert markedly greater effects. To determine the effects of dietary calcium and dairy products on energy partitioning during subsequent refeeding, we induced obesity in aP2-agouti transgenic mice with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet, then restricted energy intake from a high-calcium (1.3%) diet for 6 wk to induce fat loss, and then provided free access to a low-calcium (0.4%) diet or to high-calcium (1.3%) diets that utilized either calcium-fortified foods or dairy products (milk or yogurt) for 6 wk. Refeeding the low-calcium diet caused the regain of all weight and fat, whereas all high-calcium diets reduced fat gain by 55% (P 10-fold, P < 0.001) increase in skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha expression. All 3 high-calcium diets produced significant increases in lipolysis, decreases in fatty acid synthase expression and activity, and reduced fat regain (P < 0.03), but the 2 dairy-containing high-calcium diets exerted significantly greater effects on regain (P < 0.01). Thus, high-Ca diets elicit a shift in energy partitioning and reduction of weight gain during refeeding, with dairy Ca sources exerting markedly greater effects.
Evaluation of High Stability Secondary Emission Monitors

A stable, remotely operated low scattering (? = 0.246 mrad) secondary emission monitor (SEM) which was developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is described. Experimental results for secondary yield vs. energy of incident protons of 3.6 GeV/c to 12.33 GeV/c indicate that the yield increase is about 0.03%/GeV/c/A1 surface. Theoretical yield increase in the same energy range is about 0.02%/GeV/c/A1 surface. The overall yield/proton/A1 surface as observed at ANL increases from 2.7%/A1 surface at 3.6 GeV/c to 2.96%/A1 surface at 12.33 GeV/c.
THE PROSPECT OF PARENTHOOD FOR WOMEN AND MEN

This study, which involved older subjects of both sexes (113 women, 75 men) and variables drawn from a psychodynamic perspective, is an extension of an earlier investigation that explored parenthood motivation in young women. Though feminism was not significantly related to motivation for older subjects of either sex, in both investigations psychological variables accounted for greater variance in female motivation than did demographic variables. The uniquely significant psychological variables in this investigation were narcissism, self-esteem, and memories of father's love. However, demographic variables alone accounted for differences in male motivation. Perceived importance of having a child to the fulfillment of life values was studied as well, with self-esteem, judged effect on one's own parents, and age as instrumental variables for women, and religious background, socioeconomic status, age, and marital status as key correlates for men.
Cystathionase: a potential cytoplasmic marker of hematopoietic differentiation

Cysteine auxotrophy and absence of cystathionase (CSE) has been associated with certain human and rodent leukemic cell lines. To determine whether this state was a marker of malignant transformation or of cellular differentiation, CSE content was measured in 16 well characterized human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. Enzyme was easily detected in several lines but its level did not correlate with a proposed scheme of differentiation based on cell-surface markers. However, the apparent absence of enzyme in human bone marrow CFU-C determined by growth experiments suggests reduced levels of CSE may be a marker of cytoplasmic immaturity.
Test–Retest Reliability of Independent Measures of Phonology in the Assessment of Toddlers' Speech

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal stability of 5 independent measures of phonological skill: phonetic inventory (initial, final), word shape, syllable structure level, and the index of phonetic complexity. Method Ten toddlers with typical development participated in two 20-min play sessions within a 1-week period. Test–retest reliability for each measure was determined. Results Syllable structure level and index of phonetic complexity achieved high test–retest reliability. Word-final phonetic inventory and word shape analyses had moderate but not significant reliability. Word-initial phonetic inventory was not reliable. Discussion Twenty-minute conversational speech samples were insufficient to obtain reliable results for all measures. Practitioners may want to obtain more extensive sampling when using a phonetic inventory for diagnosis or progress monitoring purposes. Reliable measures within the constraint of a 20-min session, syllable structure level and index of phonetic com...
One and Inseparable: Dilution and Infringement in Trademark Law

This Article provides a comprehensive analysis of dilution and explores the relationship between that theory and traditional infringement. After elaborating this unified approach, the paper concludes that dilution is the transitional law of trademark. The breadth of dilution allows court to extend protection during periods where infringement cannot due to changes in technology or conditions that leave its doctrine outmoded. Once infringement adjusts, however, courts rein in dilution to prevent the creation of in gross property rights for marks. This cycle occurred twice in the last century (once in the 1920s-50s, and then again in the 1990s) and shows that dilution has almost no role as an independent action.
Isoproterenol attenuates high vascular pressure-induced permeability increases in isolated rat lungs

Parker, James C., and Claire L. Ivey.Isoproterenol attenuates high vascular pressure-induced permeability increases in isolated rat lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1962–1967, 1997.—To separate the ...
Impact Of Nurse Unionization On Fiscal Viability And Selected Measures Of Quality In Hospitals

Seventy-three New York hospitals were examined to determine if a difference existed between hospitals with nursing unions versus those without as it pertains to fiscal viability and quality of care. Several financial variables were used to construct a fiscal viability index; and a quality index was created from selected mortality and procedural measures that may be used to measure specific aspects of institutional care. The premise that the union status of a hospital’s nursing staff will influence fiscal viability and quality is based on the impact that unionization may have on staffing and cost per patient. The literature is replete with studies that assess the relationship between nurse staffing levels and quality. In some cases there is a clear and compelling relationship, but in others, it is indeterminate. Utilizing union status, selected employee variables, and financial and quality of care indices, four statistical models were prepared to explain these the interaction of these variables
NPS Assessment Model: An Example of AGNPS Application for Watershed Erosion and Phosphorus Sedimentation

AGNPS, which is an agricultural non-point source pollution model, was used in combination with GIS tools to assess the feasibility of water quality effluent trading for phosphorus, in Morrow Lake sub-watershed, Kalamazoo, MI. GIS software packages (Arc/Info and ArcView) are used to prepare data input for the model and post process the results. The sensitivity of AGNPS parameters was evaluated to determine which most influenced phosphorus sediment loading. Evaluations were conducted to determine whether calculation processes could be simplified for rapid pollution forecasts. The results showed that pollution could be predicted by varying temporary model data (i.e. precipitation etc.) in the AGNPS model. Lastly, parameter sensitivity showed that phosphorus sediment is most sensitive to soil texture while sediment loss is most sensitive to the SCS curve number.
Robert J. O'Neill, Jr. And the Fairfax County Government (a)

The A case describes the career of Fairfax County (Virginia) Executive Robert O'Neill, who runs one of the highest-per-capita-income counties in the United States. The case discusses the events leading up to his hiring by Fairfax County, his experience as County Executive, and the situation at the end of the case, including the results of his efforts, the political environment, and a job offer. Students gain insight into the complex aspects of county government, including financial, legal, political, public relations, and strategic business management, as well as into O'Neill's leadership strategy. The B case (UVA-OB-0703) describes his decision and rationale and a few subsequent events in the county.
Experimental determination of the hyperfine constants of the X 1 and A states of Pb 207 F 19

We have measured the hyperfine energy level structure of the ${X}_{1}$ and $A$ states of $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}^{19}\mathrm{F}$ and found it to be in disagreement with previous predictions. Specifically, we find our data are reproduced by the hyperfine parameters ${A}_{\ensuremath{\perp},{X}_{1}}=7200\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, ${A}_{\ensuremath{\parallel},{X}_{1}}=10\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}300\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, ${A}_{\ensuremath{\perp},A}=1200\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, and ${A}_{\ensuremath{\parallel},A}=3000\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$. The hyperfine structure may also be reproduced with ${A}_{\ensuremath{\perp},{X}_{1}}=\ensuremath{-}7200\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ and ${A}_{\ensuremath{\perp},A}=\ensuremath{-}1200\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$. These negative hyperfine constants would, however, require a reinterpretation of the parity assignments of both the ${X}_{1}$ and $A$ states of the PbF molecule.
Adhesion evaluation of CVD diamond films and metal reinforced composite diamond films

Poor adhesion of diamond films limits the use of CVD diamond films as coatings for cutting tools. The adhesion of these films is limited by stresses in the film caused by thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and the film and by voids present at the interface due to the morphology of the crystal growth. A three step process of making diamond composite films has been developed, involving nucleation of individual diamonds on the substrate, electroplating a metal binder in the voids between the crystals, and lastly growing a complete film over the composite layer. The metal binder acts both to fill the voids at the interface and to absorb energy during fracture processes at the interface. Diamond growth was performed in a DC Triple Torch reactor using a mixture of methane and hydrogen with a molybdenum substrate. Measurements to determine the amount of improvement of the film adhesion have been performed. These tests include indentations using conventional hardness testing equipment and four point bend tests with the film in tension and compression. A correlation is shown between the plastic zone of the substrate and the area of the film which delaminated during indentation. Bend tests with the film in tension did not delaminate the film, instead the film underwent intergranular fracture. Bend tests in compression act similarly to pile up around an indentation, and cause film delamination. Residual stress measurements in the single step film show a compressive stress of 650 MPa.
57 STENTING FOR SUPERIOR VENA CAVA OBSTRUCTION IN PEDIATRIC HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS.

Purpose Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction can be a complication of reconstructive surgery done at the time of heart transplantation. Pediatric patients are at a higher risk compared with adults due to their smaller size, growth potential, multiple central line access, and complex native venous anatomy related to congenital heart disease. SVC obstruction can not only make these patients symptomatic but also limit access for obtaining cardiac biopsy. We reviewed our experience with relief of SVC obstruction using endovascular stents in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of patients ( Results From March 1990 to June 2006, 138 pediatric patients were followed at our institution after heart transplantation. Of these, 7 developed SVC obstruction and formed the study cohort. Median age at transplant was 9 months (2.5-180 months); median weight was 8.7 kg (3.4-76 kg); cardiac diagnosis was heterotaxy syndrome (3), atrioventricular canal defect (1), double-outlet right ventricle (1), tricuspid atresia (1), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (1). Surgical technique at transplant involved cavocaval anastomosis in six and biatrial anastomosis in one. One patient had a SVC stent placed at transplant surgery due to severe obstruction. One patient presented with persistent pleural effusions and facial swelling; others were asymptomatic and diagnosed by echocardiography and/or cardiac catheterization. Median time from transplant surgery to SVC stent placement was 2 months (0-14 months). During a median follow-up of 4 years since transplant, one required redilation of SVC stent and two required an additional SVC stent. There were no complications related to stent placement. Conclusion SVC obstruction can be an important although uncommon complication, especially in infants undergoing heart transplant using cavocaval technique. This obstruction can be safely and effectively relieved using endovascular stents.
Relationship between intravenous (IV) busulfan pharmacokinetics (PK) and patient characteristics in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients.

e13507 Background: Busulfan is an alkylating agent commonly used for myeloablation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Narrow therapeutic index and 2-3 fold interpatient PK variabilit...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Chlamydia/Gonorrhea Testing Among Heterosexual College Students: Who Is Getting Tested and Why Do Some Not?

Abstract Objective: This study explored college students’ reported history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chlamydia/gonorrhea and characteristics of students reporting testing. Additionally, it assessed their motivation regarding future testing and reasons for lack of motivation. Participants: The sample consisted of 292 sexually experienced college students self-identifying as heterosexual at a midwestern university. Methods: Participants completed a 26-item survey during the 2010–2011 academic year. Results: Demographics (sex, age, race/ethnicity), behaviors (higher numbers of sex partners, currently not using condoms), and motivation for future testing distinguished those who had been tested ever and those who had not. Half of participants were not motivated to seek testing in the next 3 months; the most common reason for no motivation being perceived lack of risk. Conclusions: Interventions promoting testing can use these findings to target those likely to never have been tested. These resu...
Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Adiposity in Early and Mid-Childhood

Background:Few studies have examined whether prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is associated with childhood adiposity.Objective:We examined associations of prenatal exposure to...
Conducting action research: high risk and high reward in theory and practice

INTRODUCTION Action research is a method that solves immediate practical problems while expanding social scientific knowledge. Based on collaboration between researchers and research subjects, it is a cyclical process that builds learning about change into a given social system (Hult & Lennung, 1980). On the surface, the discipline of information systems (IS) would seem to be a very appropriate field for the use of action research methods. IS is a highly applied field, almost vocational in nature (Banville & Landry, 1989). Action research methods are highly clinical and place IS researchers in a “helping-role” within the organizations being studied (cf. Schein, 1987, p.11). It should not be surprising that action research has been characterized as the “touchstone of most good organizational development practice” and that it “remains the primary methodology for the practice of organizational development” (Van Eynde & Bledsoe, 1990, p. 27). Action research merges research and praxis, thus producing relevant research findings.
Acute Knockdown of Kv4.1 Regulates Repetitive Firing Rates and Clock Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Daily Rhythms in Locomotor Behavior.

Abstract Rapidly activating and inactivating A-type K + currents (I A ) encoded by Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 pore-forming (α) subunits of the Kv4 subfamily are key regulators of neuronal excitability. Previous studies have suggested a role for Kv4.1 α-subunits in regulating the firing properties of mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons. To test this, we utilized an RNA-interference strategy to knockdown Kv4.1, acutely and selectively, in the SCN. Current-clamp recordings revealed that the in vivo knockdown of Kv4.1 significantly ( p A was also significantly ( p A was larger at night. In addition, Kv4.1-targeted shRNA expression significantly ( p in ; 2256 ± 166 MΩ), compared to nontargeted shRNA-expressing SCN neurons (1143 ± 93 MΩ). Additional experiments revealed that acute knockdown of Kv4.1 significantly ( p A channels in regulating circadian rhythms in neuronal excitability and behavior.
Algorithms and data structures for logic synthesis and verification using boolean satisfiability

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) was the first problem to be proven to be NP-Complete. The proof, provided by Stephen Cook in 1971, demonstrated that inputs accepted by a non-deterministic Turing machine can be described by satisfying assignments of a Boolean formula. The reduction to SAT feels natural for a wealth of decision problems; this has motivated an immense amount of research into heuristics for solving SAT instances quickly. Over the past decade the performance of SAT solvers has improved tremendously, and as a consequence, real-world problems that were once thought to be intractable are now feasible in many cases. In this thesis we discuss how some problems in logic synthesis and verification can be solved with Boolean satisfiability. The dissertation begins by discussing Cyclic Combinational Circuits. Cyclic Combinational Circuits are logic circuits that contain feedback, but exhibit no state behavior. Many functions can be implemented with fewer gates using a cyclic topology rather than an acyclic topology. A pivotal step in synthesizing these circuits is proving whether or not the resulting structure is actually combinational, and if not, how to modify the circuit to behave properly. This analysis can be elegantly cast as an instance of SAT. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates how modern SAT-Based synthesis techniques can be used to generate cyclic structures, rather than just analyze them. These SAT-Based synthesis techniques rely on augmenting proofs of unsatisfiability to generate circuit structures. These structures, called Craig Interpolants, and the proofs they are generated from are the focus of the second portion of this dissertation. Techniques are proposed for reducing the size of these interpolants, and then the use of proofs of unsatisfiability as an underlying data structure for synthesis is advocated. Finally, the last portion of this thesis discusses some improvements to a new model checking algorithm known as Property Directed Reachability (PDR). This algorithm iteratively solves SAT instances representing discrete time frames of a sequential circuit in order to demonstrate that a state invariant exists.
Exploring binding preferences in co-crystals of conformationally flexible multitopic ligands

A series of conformationally flexible, bipyridine-based ligands were co-crystallized with nine aliphatic dicarboxylic acids of varying carbon chain lengths. Multiple hydrogen-bond acceptor and donor sites on both the ligands and the dicarboxylic acids increased the potential for cocrystal formation. The calculated molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS) of each bipyridine species was used to predict hydrogen-bond preferences in two ways. First, a comparison of different conformations of the same ligand revealed which conformation had the lowest total energy and, second, the maxima and minima on the potential surfaces allowed the potential hydrogen-bonding sites to be ranked with respect to each other. Pre-screening by infrared spectroscopy (IR) showed that all 36 experiments produced co-crystals and thirteen of these were crystallographically characterized. Structures were grouped by ligand, hydrogen bonds identified and analyzed for patterns within structures and within ligand groups. Direct comparison of the electrostatic potential charges of ligands with propensity of formed hydrogen bonds underscores that the vast majority of intermolecular hydrogen bonds tend to take place between best hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor sites (as ranked by the electrostatic potentials).
The influence of a vegetated bar on channel-bend flow dynamics

Abstract. Point bars influence hydraulics, morphodynamics, and channel geometry in alluvial rivers. Woody riparian vegetation often establishes on point bars and may cause changes in channel-bend hydraulics as a function of vegetation density, morphology, and flow conditions. We used a two-dimensional hydraulic model that accounts for vegetation drag to predict how channel-bend hydraulics are affected by vegetation recruitment on a point bar in a gravel-bed river (Bitterroot River, Montana, United States). The calibrated model shows steep changes in flow hydraulics with vegetation compared to bare-bar conditions for flows greater than bankfull up to a 10-year flow ( Q10) , with limited additional changes thereafter. Vegetation morphology effects on hydraulics were more pronounced for sparse vegetation compared to dense vegetation. The main effects were (1) reduced flow velocities upstream of the bar, (2) flow steered away from the vegetation patch with up to a 30 % increase in thalweg velocity, and (3) a shift of the high-velocity core of flow toward the cut bank, creating a large cross-stream gradient in streamwise velocity. These modeled results are consistent with a feedback in channels whereby vegetation on point bars steers flow towards the opposite bank, potentially increasing bank erosion at the mid- and downstream ends of the bend while simultaneously increasing rates of bar accretion.
The Old Order Amish: Lessons From Kansas Ethnography

AbstractAlthough they are widely known in the United States, the Old Order Amish present a puzzling face to both social science and popular media. This puzzle can be seen to arise from inaccurate n...
Natural Mentors, Social Class, and College Success

Natural mentors provide advice, moral support, and assistance to adolescents who aspire to obtain a postsecondary degree, but past studies of the benefits of having an informal adult mentor have yet to resolve several issues. Our analyses of a national sample of high school graduates test three hypotheses: (H1) natural mentoring increases the odds of college attendance and completion, (H2) guidance and career advice are more important for college success than encouragement or role modeling, and (H3) students from poor and working-class families benefit more from mentoring than students from middle- and upper-class families. Hypotheses 1 and 3 are clearly supported when examining the odds of attending college, while Hypothesis 2 was not supported-encouragement and role modeling boost attendance, not advice or practical help. None of the hypotheses is supported when predicting degree completion among those who matriculated. As natural mentors do not appreciably increase the odds of completing college, we conclude past studies have overstated the postsecondary educational benefits of natural mentors.
The Action of a Surfactant Upon Phosphorylase Kinase

The physical properties of phosphorylase kinase respond in a graded manner to increasing levels of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The tryptophan fluorescence is over 50 percent quenched at a surfactant concentration of 0.2 mM. Enzymic activity is also largely lost in this concentration range. The original molecule, whose sedimentation coefficient is 26S, is largely decomposed into 14S and 5S species at a surfactant level of 2 mM. At still higher concentrations the dominant form is the 5S species. At a surfactant level of 2.00 mM about 80 percent of the sulfhydryl groups become rapidly reactive. Observations of the time decay of fluorescence anisotropy for a fluorescent conjugate suggest that increasing levels of surfactant result in a progressive introduction of internal degrees of rotational freedom. Circular dichroism measurements are consistent with an increase of α-helical content in the presence of surfactant.
Distinct Roles of the Pocket Proteins in the Control of Cell Cycle

The retinoblastoma (Rb) family of pocket proteins (pRb/p105 – the first tumor suppressor gene cloned in humans, p107 and p130) are critical mediators of cell cycle progression and are involved in transcription repression and cellular growth and differentiation. The Rb pocket proteins interact with different E2F family factors and can inhibit E2F-responsive promoters, interfering with progression of cell cycle, gene transcription, initiation of apoptotic process and cell differentiation. The activity of pRb and p130 may be involved in cellular response to DNA damage events, by influencing the transcription of factors involved in DNA repair pathways. In particular, Rb loss and target gene deregulation impacts the repair of UV-induced pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts (6–4 PP) by regulating the expression of several DNA damage factors involved in the repair processes, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pCNA). Here we integrate and discuss recent evidence on the role of Rbs on the cell cycle engine, and how a new picture of Rb pathogenesis and progression is being shaped.
Papillary and sclerosing lesions of the breast detected and biopsied by MRI: Clinical management, upgrade rate, and association with apocrine metaplasia.

Benign papillary and sclerosing lesions of the breast (intraductal papillomas, complex sclerosing lesions, radial scars) are considered high-risk lesions due to the potential for upgrade to carcinoma on subsequent surgical excision. Optimal clinical management of such lesions remains unclear due to variable reported upgrade rates. Apocrine metaplasia is a common finding in breast tissue and its role in MRI enhancing lesions is increasingly being recognized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the MRI features of papillary and sclerosing lesions of the breast, evaluate the clinical management and upgrade rate of such lesions, and examine the contribution of apocrine metaplasia to the imaging findings. A 13-year retrospective review of MRI-guided biopsies identified 70 MRI-detected and -biopsied papillary and sclerosing lesions. Sixteen lesions without atypia underwent surgical excision; only one case (6%) was upgraded to pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ. The majority (64%) of biopsies contained apocrine metaplasia either within or adjacent to the targeted lesion. We found that half of MRI-detected lesions had T2 hyperintense foci (2-5 mm) or masses (>5 mm) adjacent to the lesion. Histologic correlation showed apocrine cysts were likely responsible for this imaging finding in 56% of these cases.