cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments of Vaporizing Foil Actuator Technique for Manufacturing Applications

Vaporizing foil actuator (VFA) is an impulse or high-speed manufacturing technology using electrically driven rapid vaporization of thin conductors to produce short-duration pressure pulses of high magnitude. This impulse technique has been implemented for various applications such as high strain rate forming, shearing, collision welding, and springback calibration. VFA technology for manufacturing processes potentially offers improved accuracy, reliability, and environmental safety and creates opportunities to design new products by joining similar and dissimilar material combinations. The paper includes the results of industrially relevant “work-in-progress” research with the VFA tool. The applications of the process, mainly regarding advanced manufacturing such as metal-matrix composite (MMC) welding, axisymmetric welding, and impact-mediated additive manufacturing processes, are presented and discussed. The applications of the method characterize adequate responses to support the manufacturing process.
A mouse model displays host and bacterial strain differences in Aerococcus urinae urinary tract infection

In recent years, the clinical significance of Aerococcus urinae has been increasingly recognized. A. urinae has been implicated in cases of urinary tract infection (UTI; acute cystitis and pyelonephritis) in both male and female patients, ranging from children to older adults. Aerococcus urinae can also be invasive, causing urosepsis, endocarditis, and musculoskeletal infections. Mechanisms of pathogenesis in A. urinae infections are poorly understood, largely due to the lack of an animal model system. In response to this gap, we developed a model of A. urinae urinary tract infection in mice. We compared A. urinae UTI in female C3H/HeN and C57BL/6 mice and compared four clinical isolates of A. urinae isolated from patients with UTI, urgency urinary incontinence, and overactive bladder. Our data demonstrate that host genetic background modulates A. urinae UTI. Female C57BL/6 female mice rapidly cleared the infection. Female C3H/HeN mice, which have inherent vesicoureteral reflux that flushes urine from the bladder up into the kidneys, were susceptible to prolonged bacteriuria. This result is consistent with the fact that A. urinae infections most frequently occur in patients with underlying urinary tract abnormalities or disorders that make them susceptible to bacterial infection. Unlike uropathogens such as E. coli, which cause infection and inflammation both of the bladder and kidneys in C3H/HeN mice, A. urinae displayed tropism for the kidney, persisting in kidney tissue even after clearance of bacteria from the bladder. Aerococcus urinae strains from different genetic clades displayed varying propensities to cause persistent kidney infection. Aerococcus urinae infected kidneys displayed histological inflammation, neutrophil recruitment and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results set the stage for future research that interrogates host-pathogen interactions between A. urinae and the urinary tract.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY FOR EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL FOREIGN TRADE UNDER BILATERAL AGREEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC BLOCS

Foreign trade is one of the most vital sectors in any society because of its importance in linking countries and societies with each other, in addition to considering it a fundamental indicator of the country's productive capacity and competitiveness in the international market. The problem of the study is that the emergence and spread of international economic blocs and bilateral agreements may lead to the creation of trade movements with some blocs or countries at the expense of economic blocs or other countries. This study came in five chapters, where the first chapter dealt with the study problem, its objective, the results of the study, the data sources and the research method used, as well as the reference review of the most important studies, research and scientific messages related to the subject of the study. The theoretical framework of the research was covered inthe second chapter, where the concept of economic integration, its foundations and conditions, its advantages and problems related to it was addressed, as well as the emergence of economic blocs and the stages of economic integration, in addition to a review of some models of blocs and bilateral agreements with which Egypt is linked. The third chapter deals with the current situation of the total Egyptian foreign trade by studying the time evolution of both exports and imports of the Egyptian college as well as the Egyptian trade balance during the period 2000-2016. The chapter also dealt with the temporal development of both Egyptian agricultural exports and imports as well as the Egyptian agricultural balance. This chapter also deals with some indicators of the efficiency of total and agricultural foreign trade, such as the rate of import coverage of exports, the average degree of economic exposure, and the average degree of economic participation in total foreign trade. As for the fourth and fifth chapter, it dealt with the evaluation of the effects of the Egyptian partnership on economic blocs and bilateral agreements on Egyptian agricultural foreign trade, especially the four most important export crops and the three most important import crops, and through this evaluation that economic blocs and bilateral agreements led to an increase in the volume of trade exchange between Egypt and Egypt. Countries that share economic blocs or bilateral agreements with Egypt, and the study recommended the need to pay attention to Egypt's participation in economic blocs such as the ASEAN bloc in Southeast Asia, and the study also recommends establishing new bilateral agreements with some countries such as the Russian Federation due to the huge volume of trade exchange between the two countries.
Living the California Dream: African American Leisure Sites during the Jim Crow Era

Living the California Dream, written by historian Alison Rose Jefferson (2020), takes place during the Jim Crow Era of the early 1900s when racial discrimination prompted African Americans to find ...
Which Parkinson disease patients are most and least active? (P6.011)

Objective: To investigate in a large sample of patients with Parkinson disease (PD): 1) the level of physical activity and 2) clinical and demographic determinants of activity level. Background: The benefits of exercise in PD are well documented, though prior research shows that PD patients are less active than healthy adults. Estimating time of exercise can be challenging, but the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used to measure physical activity across many diseases. Little is known about levels of patient-reported activity in PD and which patients are most and least active. Design/Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 872 PD patients at the University of Maryland completed the 7-item IPAQ to assess physical activity in metabolic units per week (mets/min/week). Chi-square, t-tests, and correlations were performed, comparing IPAQ results with demographic, cognitive (MMSE) and clinical (PD duration, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)) variables to examine determinants of physical activity. Results: Subjects had mean age of (67.2+/−10.4) years, and were mostly male (63%) and white (93%); 75% had college degree or higher education. Mean PD duration was 6.7 years. Activity level was diverse, with 26.4% highly active (3000+ mets/min/week), 38% minimally active (600–2999 mets/min/week), 18.8 % inactive (1–599 mets/min/week) and 16.9 % with no physical activity (0 mets/min/week). Males (3042 vs female 2382 mets/min/week, p=0.041) and married patients (3058 vs unmarried 2213, p=0.025) reported greater activity. Correlations showed that less activity was associated with older age (r=−0.14, p Conclusions: In PD, patients who were married, male, younger, more cognitively intact, and less disabled reported greater physical activity. Over one-third of patients reported inactivity or no activity, emphasizing the importance of exercise counseling in PD. Patients who are older, female, and unmarried will particularly benefit from counseling on exercise and activity. Disclosure: Dr. Chouhfeh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gruber-Baldini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Von Coelln has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shulman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for AAN Neurology Now. Dr. Shulman has received research support from Biotie Therapies.
Highways, Hunters, and Section Lines: Tensions between Public Access and Private Rights

In South Dakota (and other western states), the public enjoys access along all section lines. Furthermore, the public right to hunt along these easements attaches to improved or commonly traversed section lines. As commercial hunting has become more prevalent, disagreements between hunting and landowning interests have come to the fore. The South Dakota Legislature and the South Dakota Supreme Court have responded to these controversies in a rather unpredictable fashion, reflecting the tug-of-war between public and private interests in these statutory rights-of-way.
Dry Chitosan Salts and Complexes of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Chitosan is the major outlet for chitinous products, largely because of its utility in the treatment of a broad range of potable and waste water systems for purification, clarification and solids concentration. Its safety and efficacy in reducing biological oxygen demand (BOD) are especially valuable. Currently, the practical use of chitosan requires the transport and storage of the formic or acetic acid solubilizing component and some expertise in control of solution preparation. These limitations might be avoided in many instances if dry, free-flowing carboxylic acid salts of chitosan were available. They could then simply be dissolved in water for their application.
System design issues for internet middleware services: deductions from a large client trace

In this paper, we present the analysis of a large client-side web trace gathered from the Home IP service at the University of California at Berkeley. Specifically, we demonstrate the heterogeneity of web clients, the existence of a strong and very predictable diurnal cycle in the clients' web activity, the burstiness of clients' requests at small time scales (but not large time scales, implying a lack of self-similarity), the presence of locality of reference in the clients' requests that is a strong function of the client population size, and the high latency that services encounter when delivering data to clients, implying that services will need to maintain a very large number of simultaneously active requests. We then present system design issues for Internet middleware services that were drawn both from our trace analysis and our implementation experience of the TranSend transformation proxy.
Biological Effects of Repeated Leukapheresis of Patients With Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Fifteen patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were managed only with repeated leukapheresis for up to 26 mo. At each procedure approximately 10 liters of blood were processed with a continuous-flow blood cell separator over a 3-hr period. Five patients had intermittent leukapheresis (1-2 procedures/wk), and ten of them had one or more series of intensive leukapheresis (4-5 procedures/wk). Addition of hydroxyethyl starch to the extracorporeal circuit was found to increase the removal of leukocytes fourfold. With intensive leukapheresis the leukocyte count decreased 80%, and the platelet count decreased 54% (mean values). With intermittent leukapheresis the corresponding figures were 70% and 35%. Thrombocytopenia was never clinically significant. All 15 patients experienced symptomatic improvement, and those with organomegaly had decrease in the size of the spleen and liver. Leukapheresis was not associated with morbidity, except that anemia became more severe and required periodic transfusions of packed red blood cells. Patients managed with leukapheresis did not enter bone marrow remission, and transformation of CML into blastic crisis was not prevented or delayed.
THE UNDERGROUND ARMATURE

ABSTRACT The sculptor uses the armature to organize and hold together his plastic art. This armature is not seen on the surface of the work, yet it is crucial to the nature and existance of the art object. Cities and their metropolitan areas are not unlike the work of the sculptor, for they too are held together by an unseen armature. This armature exists below the surface of the earth. Without this armature, cities, if they could exist at all, would be without form and without structure. This paper examines the nature of the underground armature for cities and suggests that this vital armature be used as a positive tool in shaping cities to the demands of the next energy scarce century.
Excess noise in STM-style break junctions at room temperature

Current noise in nanoscale systems provides additional information beyond the electronic conductance. We report measurements at room temperature of the nonequilibrium ``excess'' noise in ensembles of atomic-scale gold junctions repeatedly formed and broken between a tip and a film, as a function of bias conditions. We observe suppression of the noise near conductances associated with conductance quantization in such junctions, as expected from the finite temperature theory of shot noise in the limit of few quantum channels. In higher conductance junctions, the Fano factor of the noise approaches 1/3 the value seen in the low conductance tunneling limit, consistent with theoretical expectations for the approach to the diffusive regime. At conductance values where the shot noise is comparatively suppressed, there is a residual contribution to the noise that scales quadratically with the applied bias, likely due to a flicker noise/conductance fluctuation mechanism.
Integrating PDAs into Distributed Systems: 2K and PalmORB

In this paper we describe an application model for seamless mobile data access using handheld devices and wireless links. We go beyond the current model in which handhelds are used as smart organizers augmented with stripped down versions of popular desktop programs. Instead, we propose to integrate handheld devices seamlessly in a distributed computing environment. Componentized applications, adaptable middleware frameworks, and standardized protocols play a significant role in this new paradigm. We also describe an implementation within this paradigm using PalmORB, a CORBA client for the 3Com Palm devices.
Germination of bracken fern spore. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins synthesized during initiation and elongation of the rhizoid.

Abstract There are no significant changes in the acrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of proteins associated with germination of spores of bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. The pattern of 14 C-labeled proteins of spores treated with actinomycin D is similar to the control when the drug is applied during rhizoid initiation, but changes somewhat when it is applied during rhizoid elongation. Treatment of spores with 5-fluorouracil during rhizoid initiation and elongation does not change the profile of labeled proteins. It is concluded that translation level control regulates protein synthesis during rhizoid initiation and that a shift to transcription level occurs during rhizoid elongation.
Intravenous prostaglandin F2α for therapeutic abortion: The efficacy and tolerance of three dosage schedules

Abstract Because dispute continues over the most effective intravenous prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) dosage schedule associated with the fewest complications, the efficacy and complications of 3 dosage schedules were compared in 15 patients over an 18 hour observation period. All patients aborted with the low-dosage schedule with fewer complications. No difference in uterine contractility was observed among subjects receiving the 3 dosage schedules or between those patients aborting and those failing to abort. Although relatively low-dosage intravenous infusion is effective with few complications, its clinical usefulness is limited. However, it will remain an important research method.
Exact kinetic energy enables accurate evaluation of weak interactions by the FDE-vdW method

The correlation energy of interaction is an elusive and sought-after interaction between molecular systems. By partitioning the response function of the system into subsystem contributions, the Frozen Density Embedding (FDE)-vdW method provides a computationally amenable nonlocal correlation functional based on the adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem applied to subsystem density functional theory. In reproducing potential energy surfaces of weakly interacting dimers, we show that FDE-vdW, either employing semilocal or exact nonadditive kinetic energy functionals, is in quantitative agreement with high-accuracy coupled cluster calculations (overall mean unsigned error of 0.5 kcal/mol). When employing the exact kinetic energy (which we term the Kohn-Sham (KS)-vdW method), the binding energies are generally closer to the benchmark, and the energy surfaces are also smoother.
Abstract W P59: Safety and Efficacy of Acute Clopidogrel Load in Patients with Moderate and Severe Ischemic Strokes

Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel loading in patients with moderate and severe strokes. Background: The safety of clopidogrel loading has been extensively investigated in patients with minor strokes and transient ischemic attacks. Methods: AIS patients presenting consecutively to our center from 06/07/07-07/31/13 were screened. Clopidogrel loading was defined as at least 300 mg dose (with or without aspirin) given within 6 hours of admission. We compared outcomes in patients with baseline NIHSS >3 with and without clopidogrel loading. Results: Inclusion criteria were met for 1011 patients (43.6% females, 69.1% black, median age 63). Patients with clopidogrel loading had lower baseline NIHSS than patients not loaded (8 vs 9, p=0.005). The two groups had similar risk of hemorrhagic transformation (p=0.918) and symptomatic hemorrhage (p=0.599). Patients who were loaded had a lower rate of neuroworsening (defined as an increase in NIHSS score by 2 points within 24 hours, 38.9% vs 48.3...
Insular territories: US colonial science, geopolitics, and the (re)mapping of the Philippines

Examining the category of the Insular as a key framing of US extraterritorial, inter-oceanic power during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the paper examines two overlapping sets of geographical discourses and mapping practices – broadly characterised as geopolitical-imperial and scientific-governmental – that reflected US efforts to map (remap) the Philippines after 1898, beginning with the purchase of Spanish (Jesuit) geographical knowledge. Turning to the spatially extensive and, it is argued, geopolitically loaded survey and mapping sciences, including geography, ethnology, geology, forestry and geodesy, the paper explores how cartographic practices were not only integral to a more accurate representation of the islands on paper but were also linked in practice with processes of governmental knowledge production and territorial transformation. In these efforts to extend US colonial sovereignty across the archipelago during the first decade of the twentieth century, US Insular officials grappled to know the territories which they presumed to govern.
Effect of exogenous melatonin on mood and sleep efficiency in emergency medicine residents working night shifts.

Objective To determine whether melatonin taken prior to attempted daytime sleep sessions will improve daytime sleep quality, nighttime sleepiness, and mood state in emergency medicine (EM) residents, changing from daytime to nighttime work schedules. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blind crossover design was used in an urban emergency department. Emergency medicine residents who worked two strings of nights, of at least three nights' duration each, and separated by at least one week of days were eligible. Subjects were randomized to receive either melatonin 1 mg or placebo, 30 to 60 minutes prior to their daytime sleep session, for three consecutive days after each night shift. Crossover to the other agent occurred during their subsequent night shifts. Objective measures of quality of daytime sleep were obtained using the Actigraph 1000. This device measures sleep motion and correlates with sleep efficiency, total sleep time, time in bed, and sleep latency. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) were also used to quantify nighttime mood and sleepiness. Results Among the 19 volunteers studied, there was no difference in sleep efficiency (91.16% vs 90.98%, NS), sleep duration (379.6 min vs 342.7 min, NS), or sleep latency (7.59 min vs 6.80 min, NS), between melatonin and placebo, respectively. In addition, neither the POMS total mood disturbance (5.769 baseline vs 12.212 melatonin vs 5.585 placebo, NS) nor the SSS (1.8846 baseline vs 2.2571 melatonin vs 2.1282 placebo, NS) demonstrated a statistical difference in nighttime mood and sleepiness between melatonin and placebo. Conclusions There are no beneficial effects of a 1-mg melatonin dose on sleep quality, alertness, or mood state during night shift work among EM residents.
Prevalence and trends of cellulosics in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Context Many studies have shown that cellulose derivatives (cellulosics) can provide various benefits when used in virtually all types of dosage forms. Nevertheless, the popularity of their use in approved drug products is rather unknown. Objective This research reports the current prevalence and trends of use for 15 common cellulosics in prescription drug products. Methods The cellulosics were powdered and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hypromellose (HPMC), HPMC phthalate, HPMC acetate succinate, cellulose acetate (CA), CA phthalate, sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), croscarmellose sodium (XCMCNa), methyl cellulose, and low substituted HPC. The number of brand drug products utilizing each cellulosics was determined using the online drug index Rxlist. Results A total of 607 brand products were identified having one or more of the cellulosics as an active or inactive ingredient. An array of various dosage forms was identified and revealed HPMC and MCC to be the most utilized cellulosics in all products followed by XCMCNa and HPC. Many products contained two or more cellulosics in the formulation (42% containing two, 23% containing three, and 4% containing 4-5). The largest combination occurrence was HPMC with MCC. The use of certain cellulosics within different dosage form types was found to contain specific trends. All injectables utilized only CMCNa, and the same with all ophthalmic solutions utilizing HPMC, and otic suspensions utilizing HEC. Conclusion Popularity and trends regarding cellulosics use may occur based on many factors including functionality, safety, availability, stability, and ease of manufacturing.
Robotic Arm–Assisted Unicompartmental Arthroplasty

Unicompartmental arthroplasty is an appealing conservative treatment option for patients with isolated unicompartmental arthritis, who are desirous of a relatively quick recovery and return to active lifestyles. It preserves the articular cartilage, bone, and menisci in the unaffected compartments, as well as the cruciate ligaments, thus preserving proprioception and more normal kinematics compared with total knee arthroplasty.
A bioassay for monitoring cadmium based on bioconvective patterns

The effects of cadmium, one of the most lethal bivalent heavy metals, tend to concentrate in protozoa far above natural levels and therein begin transferring through freshwater food chains to animals and humans. A simple assay using the toxic response of the protozoa, Tetrahymena pyriformis, is described. The assay relies on macroscopic bioconvective patterns to measure the toxic response, giving a sensitivity better than 1 μg/1 and a toxicity threshold to 7μg/1 for Cd+2. Unlike previous efforts, this method does not require electronic or chemical analyses to monitor toxicity.
From waste to hydrogen: An optimal design of energy production and distribution network

Abstract This paper focuses on evaluating the economic potential and infrastructure requirements of hydrogen production from agricultural residues, a representative green energy pathway. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is constructed for finding the most efficient and economical configuration of the whole pathway. Using northern California case studies, we found that hydrogen from agricultural wastes can be delivered at costs similar to producing hydrogen from natural gas, a non-renewable energy source. The potential impact of this energy pathway on local freight transport is also discussed depending on the choice of hydrogen delivery mode.
Synergistic interaction between C5a and NOD2 signaling in the regulation of chemokine expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

The innate immune response is a complex process involving multiple pathogen-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors. Complement is also a critical component of innate immunity. While complement is known to interact with TLR-mediated signals, the interactions between NOD-like receptors and complement are not well understood. Here we report a synergistic interaction between C5a and Nod2 signaling in RAW 264.7 marophages. Long-term treatment with muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a NOD2 ligand, enhanced C5a-mediated expression of chemokine mRNAs in RAW 264.7 cells. This response was dependent on NOD2 expression and was associated with a decrease in expression of C5L2, a receptor for C5a which acts as a negative modulator of C5a receptor (C5aR) activity. MDP amplified C5a-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with an inhibitor of p38 attenuated the synergistic effects of C5aon MDP-primed cells on MIP-2, but not MCP-1, mRNA. In contrast, inhibition of AKT prevented C5a stimulation of MCP-1, but not MIP-2, mRNA, in MDP-primed cells. Taken together, these data demonstrated a synergistic interaction between C5a and NOD2 in the regulation of chemokine expression in macrophages, associated with a down-regulation of C5L2, a negative regulator of C5a receptor activity.
The construction of a special equilateral triangle

This article deals with the construction of an equilateral triangle that must satisfy the following special constraint conditions. If the equilateral triangle is denoted by ΔABC, then the radii of the inscribed circle, the three escribed circles of ΔABC, and the circumcircle of ΔABC all must have positive integral radii. The inscribed circle radius is required to be 1 unit. The three escribed circles that have equal radii must have 3 units each, and the circumcircle of the triangle must have 2 units. All these requirements may seem outlandish. The aim is to teach crucial Geometric principles that Geometric designs must take into account before the constructions are implemented. This article hopefully may be useful to students of College Geometry as well as teachers.
A comparison of two bedside tests for the detection of salicylates in urine.

Objective Ferric chloride (FC) and Trinder reagent (TR) have both been used to identify salicylates (ASA) in the urine of patients presenting with possible drug overdose. The authors sought to compare the sensitivities and specificities of these two reagents in detecting ASA in the urine of patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) with suspected drug overdose. Methods Patients were eligible for inclusion in this study if they presented to the ED with either suspected overdose or unexplained metabolic acidosis. One milliliter of the patient's urine was added to 1 mL of each of the two reagents. A positive test was defined as any darkening of the color of the reagent. Each patient had a quantitative serum ASA measured. Results Twenty of 180 patients (11%) had quantitative serum ASA levels above 5 mg/dL. Both reagents were 100% sensitive in identifying these patients. The specificity of FC was 71% compared with 73% for TR. The two reagents gave similar results in 91% of cases. Conclusion Both FC and TR are reliable in detecting ASA in the urine of patients presenting with suspected drug overdose. A negative result with either test eliminates the need for a quantitative serum ASA level. Because FC has a longer shelf life than TR, it is the more practical reagent for use in the ED.
Dialysis Considerations in the Elderly Patient

This brief review discusses several aspects of dialytic care pertinent to the older dialysis patient. Heart disease, nutrition, and the quality of life for these patients are considered.
Experimental studies in vortex pair motion coincident with a liquid reaction

An experimental examination of the coincidence of a liquid reaction (acid-base) with the formation of a vortex pair structure is described, in which emphasis is placed on the evolution of the strained diffusion layer and reacted core structures. Flow visualization of the reaction process is achieved via the technique of chemically sensitive laser-induced fluorescence. The observed growth of reacted core structures, associated with each vortex, is compared with theoretically predicted behavior published recently (Marble, Adv. in Aero. Sci., 395 (1985) and Karagozian and Manda, Comb. Sci. and Tech., 49, 185 (1986)). Vortex pair separation is also compared with theoretical correlations, and the relevance of the analogy between a fast liquid reaction (Sc » 1) and a gaseous reaction (Sc z 1) is discussed.
Fibrous dysplasia of bone

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is caused by somatic mutations in GNAS and activation of the cAMP-regulating protein, Gs alpha ( gsp ). gsp inhibits differentiation of stem cells to mature osteogenic cells, resulting in replacement of normal bone with a highly proliferative stroma composed of cells that express osteogenic markers. Apoptosis follows, leaving affected regions with bone that may no longer harbor significant numbers of mutated cells, but is deformed and mechanically unsound. Key features of FD that relate to the pathophysiology are overexpression of the bone remodeling proteins RANK/RANKL and the mineral metabolism-regulating hormone, FGF23. Extraskeletal manifestations include a number of hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies, which can worsen FD. The mainstay of treatment for FD is surgical. Outcomes have improved due to a better understanding of the natural history of FD, improvement in surgical techniques and devices, and recognition that curettage with bone grafting is often futile. Bisphosphonates effectively relieve bone pain and there are promising preliminary data that the anti-RANKL drug denosumab may be beneficial. An effort is underway at the NIH to identify molecules that target gsp , with the goal to develop drugs to treat FD and associated endocrinopathies. Hope for further progress resides in continued support of ongoing research, establishment of an international network of investigators/centers of excellence, and compilation and sharing of high-quality data – best accomplished through integrated and collaborative efforts involving government agencies, academic centers, cohesive patient-based support groups, and industry.
Does baclofen decrease acid reflux and clinical symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease? A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled Trial

Does baclofen decrease acid reflux and clinical symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease? a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates fed human milk

The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis encountered in neonates fed only refrigerated human milk was comparable to that in infants fed human milk and isotonic formula or isotonic formula alone. The infants fed human milk were significantly ( P
AN APPLICATION OF GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE TO EXPLAIN RICE KERNEL FISSURE OCCURRENCE DURING THE DRYING PROCESS

Fissure formation during rice drying is a major cause of rice milling quality reduction. This work has applied principles of polymer science in studying thermal and hygroscopic properties of rice kernels, particularly the glass transition temperature (Tg ). This data was used to develop a hypothesis that explains the occurrence of rice kernel fissuring as a result of drying. The drying process was mapped onto a state diagram to illustrate the changes in state that a kernel could incur through drying and tempering operations. An experiment was designed to validate the hypothesis in which the effect of the Tg on rice drying and tempering in terms of milling quality was determined. Results showed that drying air temperatures up to 60°C and high moisture removal rates could be used without reducing the milling quality, as long as sufficient tempering was allowed at a temperature above the Tg of the rice. *Published with the approval of the Director, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas. Men...
The Appalachian Cohort for Engineering: An evaluation of S-STEM strategies for success

The Appalachian Cohort for Engineering (ACE) at Ohio University is an NSF S-STEM funded scholarship program for students in Engineering and Computer Science that combines intensive early intervention approaches (i.e., learning communities, peer-led team learning, midterm progress reports, and purposeful selection of academic advisors) with peer advising and cohort building activities. The intent of this program is to help academically capable but financially insecure students from the economically disadvantaged Appalachian counties of Ohio and surrounding states to complete important early milestones in their academic careers. The ultimate goal of this project is to build evidence-based approaches for encouraging retention and early academic milestone completion for a broad range of undergraduate students in the STEM disciplines. The research component of this project seeks to determine which services are most effective at encouraging and supporting these students to reach early academic milestones to promote long-term retention and degree completion. This component involves substantial data collection that includes observational field notes and one-on-one contact records, along with the required NSF data elements. Much of the data collection is provided by trained peer advisors; capturing the following dimensions of academic wellness: personal/transitional, social, academic, financial, health and stress-coping, study sessions and tutoring, goal setting, follow up data, and academic reviews by course. In addition, field notes are collected that describe the setting, attendees, acts, and reflections on specific events that happen throughout the year. This project is in its first year of implementation. In this work-in-progress paper, we report on the design of the project, early successes and challenges, the data collection strategy, and the preliminary results of this project. In this first year, early observational results indicated that this body of students needed both social and academic support; with both being equal emphasis. Furthermore, this body of students indicated that one-on-one support and goal setting were important components of their early success.
Are emotional clarity and emotion differentiation related

Distinct literatures have developed regarding the constructs of emotional clarity (people's meta-knowledge of their affective experience) and emotion differentiation (people's ability to differentiate affective experience into discrete categories, e.g., anger vs. fear). Conceptually, emotion differentiation processes might be expected to contribute to increased emotional clarity. However, the relation between emotional clarity and emotion differentiation has not been directly investigated. In two studies with independent, undergraduate student samples, we measured emotional clarity using a self-report measure and derived emotion differentiation scores from scenario-based (Study 1) and event-sampling-based (Study 2) measures of affect. We found that emotional clarity and emotion differentiation are: (i) associated to a very small and statistically insignificant degree; and (ii) differentially associated with trait and scenario-based/event-sampling-based measures of affect intensity and variability. These results suggest that emotional clarity and differentiation are distinct constructs with unique relations to various facets of affective experience.
Racemization of Amino Acids in Marine Sediments

Isoleucine, one of several amino acids isolated from a suite of welldated deep-sea cores, shows a progressive increase in the degree of racemization with the age of the sediment. Amino acids in sediments show an initial rate of racemization almost an order of magnitude faster than the rate observed for free amino acids at a comparable pH and temperature. The observed kinetics depend on a variety of diagenetic processes, but it appears that the ratio of alloisoleucine to isoleucine is a reliable indicator of age for samples less than 400,000 years old; for older samples the results are more ambiguous. Isoleucine is racemic in samples older than about 15 x 106 years.
IBM totalstorage productivity center for replication for z/OS

Designing and implementing a business resilience (or disaster recovery) plan is a complex procedure for customers, and the impact of implementing an incorrect or incomplete plan can be significant. For some customers, being able to recover their data center functionality in a short period of time may be of the utmost importance; for others, recovering in a short period of time may be worthless if the data with which their database is restored is hours or days old. Also of importance is the impact to business-critical applications when copies of data are being made. This paper presents the IBM TotalStorage™ Productivity Center for Replication (TPC-R), a tool designed to help customers implement cost-effective data replication solutions for continuous availability and disaster recovery. We give an overview of TPC-R, describe recent enhancements to TPC-R that are available on all supported platforms (as well as those that are unique to the z/OS™ platform) and discuss the ways in which customers can exploit TPC-R to implement business resilience solutions, with a focus on the various trade-offs customers must consider when choosing between different storage replication technologies.
Helicopter rotor and engine sizing for preliminary performance estimation

Methods are presented for estimating some of the more fundamental design variables of single-rotor helicopters (tip speed, blade area, disk loading, and installed power) based on design requirements (speed, weight, fuselage drag, and design hover ceiling). The well-known constraints of advancing-blade compressibility and retreating-blade stall are incorporated into the estimation process, based on an empirical interpretation of rotor performance data from large-scale wind-tunnel tests. Engine performance data are presented and correlated with a simple model usable for preliminary design. When approximate results are required quickly, these methods may be more convenient to use and provide more insight than large digital computer programs.
The switch from opium to heroine smoking

STRANG, J., GRIFFITHS, P. & GOSSOP, M . (1997) Heroin smoking by 'chasing the dragon': origins and history. Addiction, 92, 673-683. SUWANWELA C. & POSHYACHINDA, V. (1986) Drug abuse in Asia, Bulletin on Narcotics, XXXVIII, 1-2, 41-53. SUWANWEUV, C , POSHYACHINDA, V., T A S A N A P R A D I T , P. & DHARMKRONG-AT, A . (1978) The hill tribes of Thailand, their opium use and addiction. Bulletin on Narcotics, XXX, 2, 1-19.
Reorganization of Chile's Frontier Administration and the Origins of the Mapuche Revolt of 1859

AbstractIn 1859, the Mapuche Indians of southern Chile rose up against the Manuel Montt government (1851–1861) as part of an effort to reclaim ancestral lands lost to them after two decades of Chilean settlement. This article examines the origins of this revolt. Chilean usurpation of Mapuche land was the result of profound demographic and economic changes that were occurring in Chile at the time. When Montt assumed the presidency in 1851, he sought to stabilize the frontier through a vast program of reform. These changes included a series of laws aimed at regularizing land tenure in Mapuche territory and the reorganization of Chile's corps of frontier officials. Unfortunately for Montt, these changes only worsened the situation on the frontier, resulting in open rebellion and eventually sealing the fate of the Mapuche as an independent people.
Single crystal metals encapsulated in carbon nanoparticles.

Single-domain microcrystals of LaC2 encapsulated within nanoscale polyhedral carbon particles have been synthesized in a carbon arc. Typical particle sizes are on the order of 20 to 40 nanometers. The stoichiometry and phase of the La-containing crystals have been assigned from characteristic lattice spacings observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). EDS spectra show that La and C are the only elements present. Characteristic interatomic distances of 3.39 and 2.78 angstroms identify the compound inside the nanoparticle cavities as α-LaC2, the phase of LaC2 that is stable at room temperature. Bulk α-LaC2 is metallic and hydrolytic. Observation of crystals of pure encapsulated α-LaC2 that were exposed to air for several days before analysis indicates that the LaC2 is protected from degradation bythe carbon polyhedral shells of the nanoparticles. A high percentage of the carbon nanoparticles have encapsulated LaC2 single crystals. These carbon-coated metal crystals form a new class of materials that can be protected in their pure or carbide forms and may have interesting and useful properties.
Elastic constants and Debye temperature of polycrystalline Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x

Using ultrasonic methods, the quasi-isotropic elastic stiffnesses of void-containing Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x were determined By a composite-material model, these were corrected to the void-free state. From these, the Debye characteristic temperature was calculated. All the elastic stiffnesses fall well below those of polycrystalline BaTiO3, an approximate crystalstructural building block of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x. The low apparent stiffness may result from oxygen vacancies, which soften interionic forces. Also, it may result from microcracks, which reduce elastic stiffness without lowering mass density.
Jet-cooled laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of cyclohexoxy: rotational and fine structure of molecules in nearly degenerate electronic States.

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S. Brook St., Louisville, Kentucky 40292.; Laser Spectroscopy Facility, Department of Chemistry; The Ohio State University, 120 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43210
Noise reduction methods for hybrid subtraction

In digital subtraction angiography, hybrid subtraction provides selective vessel images free of soft-tissue motion artifacts but with a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than temporal subtraction images. An image processing method called measurement-dependent filtering has been developed to enhance the SNR of hybrid images without losing resolution or selectivity. Linear combinations of four images consisting of a pre- and postcontrast dual-energy measurement pair form both the hybrid image and a lower noise but less selective vessel image. The noise-reduced image is derived by combining the low-frequency components of the hybrid image with the high-frequency components of the lower noise image in a variety of ways. The results of the filtering method, when tested on both phantom and clinical data, display images with about the same degree of conspicuity as the hybrid image and a SNR approaching that of the temporal image.
Phosphorus antisite defects in low-temperature InP.

We have studied low-temperature molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown InP using a variety of experimental techniques. Hall effect and far-infrared absorption under hydrostatic pressure have been employed to determine the ionization energies of two dominant donor levels at 0.11 eV above and 0.23 eV below the conduction-band [Gamma] minimum. Measurements of photoluminescence and optically detected magnetic resonance indicate that those two levels are first and second ionization stages of the phosphorus antisite double donor defect. The present results demonstrate that the antisite is a prevalent defect responsible for electrical and optical properties of the nonstochiometric, low-temperature InP.
Isotope effect for the penetration depth in superconductors

We show that various factors can lead to an isotopic dependence of the penetration depth $\ensuremath{\delta}$. Nonadiabaticity (Jahn-Teller crossing) leads to the isotope effect of the charge-carrier concentration $n$ and, consequently, of $\ensuremath{\delta}$ in doped superconductors such as the cuprates. A general equation relating the isotope coefficients of ${T}_{c}$ and of $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is presented for London superconductors. We further show that the presence of magnetic impurities or a proximity contact also lead to an isotopic dependence of $\ensuremath{\delta}$; the isotope coefficient turns out to be temperature dependent, $\ensuremath{\beta}(T)$, in these cases. The existence of the isotope effect for the penetration depth is predicted for conventional as well as for high-temperature superconductors. Various experiments are proposed and/or discussed.
Droperidol Transiently Prolongs the QT Interval in Children Undergoing Single Ventricle Palliation

Historically, droperidol was commonly used for postoperative sedation of critically ill children. A FDA black box warning regarding its arrhythmogenic potential greatly reduced its use. We hypothesized that administration of neuroleptic dose droperidol during volatile anesthesia would transiently prolong the corrected QT interval (QTc) in patients undergoing single ventricle palliation. As part of a prospective study in children undergoing stage 2 or 3 single ventricle palliation, we recorded electrocardiograms preoperatively, after induction of volatile anesthesia, immediately after completion of 30 min intravenous infusion of 75 mcg/kg droperidol, and shortly after arrival in the cardiac intensive care unit. Mean absolute QT intervals and heart rate data were analyzed in a blinded fashion and the longest QT interval was determined. QT intervals were corrected for heart rate (QTc) with the Bazett and Friderici formulae. Any perioperative arrhythmias were recorded. Complete data were available for 62 patients. Volatile anesthesia was associated with significant prolongation of the QTc interval. Administration of droperidol after cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with further significant QTc prolongation. All QTc changes were transient and the postoperative QTc, while still prolonged relative to baseline, was significantly shorter than the QTc immediately postdroperidol. No episodes of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) or ventricular arrhythmias were observed. The administration of a neuroleptic dose of droperidol during volatile anesthesia in patients undergoing single ventricle palliation was associated with a significant prolongation of QTc, which was transient and did not result in TdP or other ventricular arrhythmias in our study population.