cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental Validation on Connected Cruise Control With Flexible Connectivity Topologies

In this paper, we investigate experimentally the impact of connected automated vehicles on the dynamics of vehicle chains with different connectivity topologies. We utilize a scaled connected vehicle testbed consisting of ground robots that can mimic the dynamics of human-driven and connected automated vehicles. We derive analytical conditions for stability and disturbance attenuation (i.e., string stability) while taking into account digital effects and delays and validate the corresponding stability diagrams experimentally. The flexibility and robustness of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) based longitudinal control among human-driven vehicles is evaluated for different connectivity topologies and the impacts of connected automated vehicles on traffic flow are highlighted.
Knock‐in Mice Expressing an Ethanol‐Resistant GluN2A NMDA Receptor Subunit Show Altered Responses to Ethanol

Background N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-activated, heterotetrameric ligand-gated ion channels critically important in virtually all aspects of glutamatergic signaling. Ethanol (EtOH) inhibition of NMDARs is thought to mediate specific actions of EtOH during acute and chronic exposure. Studies from our laboratory, and others, identified EtOH-sensitive sites within specific transmembrane (TM) domains involved in channel gating as well as those in subdomains of extracellular and intracellular regions of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits that affect channel function. In this study, we characterize for the first time the physiological and behavioral effects of EtOH on knock-in mice expressing a GluN2A subunit that shows reduced sensitivity to EtOH. Methods A battery of tests evaluating locomotion, anxiety, sedation, motor coordination, and voluntary alcohol intake were performed in wild-type mice and those expressing the GluN2A A825W knock-in mutation. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings were used to confirm reduced EtOH sensitivity of NMDAR-mediated currents in 2 separate brain regions (mPFC and the cerebellum) where the GluN2A subunit is known to contribute to NMDAR-mediated responses. Results Male and female mice homozygous for the GluN2A(A825W) knock-in mutation showed reduced EtOH inhibition of NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents in mPFC and cerebellar neurons as compared to their wild-type counterparts. GluN2A(A825W) male but not female mice were less sensitive to the sedative and motor-incoordinating effects of EtOH and showed a rightward shift in locomotor-stimulating effects of EtOH. There was no effect of the mutation on EtOH-induced anxiolysis or voluntary EtOH consumption in either male or female mice. Conclusions These findings show that expression of EtOH-resistant GluN2A NMDARs results in selective and sex-specific changes in the behavioral sensitivity to EtOH.
Cardiovascular, carcinogenic and reproductive effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature

The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a broad overview of published scientific literature with respect to the effects of nicotine on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis and 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas are known to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette smoke, and in addition, nicotine has been hypothesized to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also be discussed. The literature to February 2019 suggests that there is no increased cardiovascular risk of nicotine exposure in consumers who have no underlying cardiovascular pathology. There is scientific consensus that nicotine is not a direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains to be established whether it plays some role in human cancer propagation and metastasis. These cancer progression pathways have been proposed in models in vitro and in transgenic rodent lines in vivo but have not been demonstrated in cases of human cancer. Further studies are needed to determine whether nicotine is linked to decreased fertility in humans. The results from animal studies indicate that nicotine has the potential to act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More studies are needed to address questions regarding nicotine exposure in humans, and this may lead to additional guidance concerning new ENDS entering the market.
Geopolíticas del espíritu: Ontologías pentecostales y golpe de Estado en Honduras

Set in the town of Copa´n Ruinas, Honduras, this article describes the role of Pentecostal Christians’ ontology in their broad support for the 2009 coup, which overthrew the left-leaning president, Manuel Zelaya. It draws on recent scholarship that considers how the political engagement of some indigenous movements in Latin America diverge from modern framings of “politics” in order to argue that Pentecostals similarly engage in a nonmodern mode of political action. Among other nonmodern elements, this mode of Pentecostal politics –which I term “spirit-filled geopolitics”– includes both an apocalyptic temporality and integrated “supernatural”/political domains.
Using social media to support type 1 diabetes management and outcomes for adolescents and young adults: areas of promise and challenge

Abstract Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at high risk for poor disease management and outcomes. Health behaviors and problems acquired during these periods can have lifelong impacts; hence, becoming activated and empowered in managing diabetes during this time is vital. AYA are intensely engaged with social media and the rapidly evolving online diabetes world affords myriad opportunities to engage and connect in support of disease management and glycemic control. As the diabetes social media ecosystem evolves to engage greater numbers of persons with diabetes, there are open questions about efficacy, quality, safety, clinical connectedness, and equity. This chapter elucidates key aspects of these issues, which are relevant to optimizing the use of social media to support AYA with T1D and identifies concerns relevant to key stakeholders, including AYA, clinicians, technologists, policy-makers, and regulators.
Supercompilers - Extended Abstract

The current growing interest in supercomputers will undoubtedly give rise to the question of how to program on such machines. One obvious answer is with supercompilers! We define supercompilers as highly automated transformational programming systems that can translate high level mathematical problem specifications into machine code for a variety of target computers that could be represented by a diversity of abstract parallel and sequential complexity models. Since one would not expect the object code produced by a supercompiler to be comprehensible relative to the abstractly specified source code, a reasonable supercompiler would have to compile a performance description of the object code also. This is made possible by new insights into the basic nature of what a variable is, and a careful integration of performance with semantics.
Filamentous bacterial viruses. I. DNA synthesis during the early stages of infection with fd.

Abstract During the first ten minutes after infection of bacteria with fd, the rate of DNA synthesis in an infected culture becomes several-fold larger than the rate in a parallel uninfected culture. This stimulation of rate is due to the synthesis of 100 to 200 double-stranded forms of viral DNA, superimposed on continuing bacterial DNA synthesis. At the end of the ten-minute period, the rate of viral plus bacterial DNA synthesis stops increasing, and remains constant for the next 50 minutes. The abrupt decrease in acceleration of net DNA synthesis corresponds in time to the onset of synthesis of single-stranded viral DNA. The results are discussed in terms of an inhibitor model for the switch from double-strand replication to single-strand synthesis.
Impact of temporary mechanical circulatory support for early graft failure on post-heart transplantation outcomes.

Although temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) for hemodynamic failure following heart transplantation is associated with increased early morbidity and mortality, the impact of etiology of graft dysfunction and long-term clinical implications are less well known. The objective of our study was to evaluate outcomes in patients who required venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) or temporary right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support for either primary or secondary early graft dysfunction. Hospital mortality in 27 patients who required tMCS following heart transplantation at our institution between 2007 and 2017 was 56%, 30% in patients with right ventricular dysfunction secondary to increased afterload, 60% in patients with primary graft dysfunction, and 100% in patients with graft failure secondary to coagulopathy with intraoperative bleeding or overwhelming sepsis. Conditional 1-year and 5-year survival was comparable between patients with, and without, the need for post-transplantation support with tMCS (98% and 89%; 92% and 65% at 1 and 5 years, P = .21). Etiology of early graft failure plays an important part in determining the short-term post-heart transplantation outcome. Although complications associated with tMCS use, such as renal dysfunction and infection, extend beyond index transplant hospitalization, long-term conditional survival is not compromised.
Convergence of Parent Report and Child Behavior using the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS)

The Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System (DPICS) is an analogue behavioral observation that examines the quality of parent-child interactions as well as child prosocial and disruptive behaviors. With previous research focusing primarily on parent verbal behaviors, there is limited psychometric support and understanding of the DPICS coding categories for child behaviors. As such, the current study investigated associations between child verbal behaviors coded using updated DPICS editions and parent ratings on measures of child functioning for externalizing, internalizing, and adaptive behavior. Participants were 120 parent-child dyads drawn from two samples who participated in a DPICS observation and completed measures. Children were between ages 2 and 11 and exhibited a range of clinical problems (e.g., conduct issues, anxiety, no clinical problems). Results revealed significant associations between child verbalizations coded during the DPICS and parent-reported child functioning for externalizing and adaptive areas but not for internalizing problems. Specifically, children who exhibited more negative talk and who were less compliant during the DPICS were rated higher on parent-report measures of externalizing behaviors, whereas children who asked more questions, engaged in more prosocial talk, and exhibited fewer vocalizations (e.g., yelling, whining) were rated higher on parent-reported measures of adaptive skills and lower on parent-report measures of externalizing behavior. These findings demonstrate convergence between observed child behavior and parent ratings, enhancing clinical interpretation of the DPICS child codes within a broader clinical population. This study provides support for multi-method assessment and highlights the need for future research examining bidirectional effects within parent-child interactions.
The Tribal Right to Exclude Non-Tribal Members from Indian-Owned Lands

In 1981, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Montana v. United States, severely restricting the ability of Indian Tribes to assume civil regulatory and adjudicatory jurisdiction over non-tribal members for activities taking place on non-Indian lands within Indian reservations. The Court in Montana stated that “it could readily agree” with the Court of Appeals’ holding that the tribe could regulate the conduct of non-member on tribal lands. Yet, twenty years later, the Court issued its opinion in Nevada v. Hicks holding that in certain circumstances, the jurisdiction of Indian tribes could also be limited even if the activities of the non-members took place on Indian-owned lands. It has been almost twenty years since Hicks and because of the cryptic and fractured nature of that decision, the federal circuits are divided and still trying to figure out under what circumstances tribal civil jurisdiction over non-members should be restricted when these activities take place on Indian-owned lands. In this Article, I argue that among all the possible interpretations of Hicks, the one adopted by the Ninth Circuit makes the most sense. Under that interpretation, the so-called Montana framework used to divest tribes of jurisdiction is not applicable to cases where a tribe has retained the right to exclude. I argue that Hicks can be reasonably conceptualized as endorsing the 9th Circuit methodology. However, I also argue that Hicks should have been decided as a state jurisdiction cases and not a tribal divestiture of inherent sovereignty case. Re-imagining Hicks as a state jurisdiction case would not have changed the outcome but would have avoided the last twenty years of confusion surrounding how Hicks should be interpreted.
Repressive Legalism: How Postsecondary Administrators’ Responses to On-Campus Hate Speech Undermine a Focus on Inclusion:

Guided by legal, sociolegal, and higher education concepts, we use an embedded case study of university administrators at a public institution to examine how they negotiate and institutionalize pri...
Feasibility of High-dose Methotrexate Administered on Day 1 of (R)CHOP in aggressive non-Hodgkin Lymphomas.

Abstract The optimal timing for administering high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) when combined with (R)CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, with/without rituximab) is unclear. Recent data showed that the administration of prophylactic HDMTX before day 10 of R-CHOP may lead to fewer treatment delays. Herein, we report our experience with HDMTX administered on day 1 of (R)CHOP in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. We identified 140 patients treated with ≥1 cycle of HDMTX combined with (R)CHOP for prophylaxis against (n=84) or treatment of (n=56) central nervous system involvement. Overall, (R)CHOP treatment delays ≥7 days (4% of cycles, 13% of patients), doxorubicin and/or cyclophosphamide dose reductions (1% of cycles, 6% of patients) or (R)CHOP discontinuations due to toxicity (4% of patients) were uncommon. Neutropenic fever (NF) occurred in 7% of cycles and 24% of patients and was more common during HDMTX-containing cycles. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 19% of cycles but was mostly grade ≤2. Grade ≥3 hepatotoxicity and mucositis were uncommon (each 2% of cycles). In the prophylaxis cohort, the rates of NF and grade ≥2 AKI were lower in patients who initiated HDMTX with cycle 2 or later (11% vs 30%, p=0.03 and 16% vs 39%, p=0.03, respectively). Our data show that HDMTX administration on day 1 of (R)CHOP may improve the deliverability of (R)CHOP and the overall safety of the regimen compared with historical data of HDMTX administration on day 10 or later of R-CHOP. Delaying prophylactic HDMTX beyond cycle 1 of (R)CHOP may reduce the risk of NF and AKI.
Usefulness of instant messaging among young users: Social vs. work perspective

Instant messaging (IM) was introduced in 1996. In the past few years, the majority of IM users have been teenagers. As the young IM users gradually enter the workforce, it is likely that their familiarity with IM will increase its acceptance as a business application. Consequently, the potential impact of IM in the workplace has become an important organizational issue. This study investigated the usefulness of IM for both social and work-related uses from young users’ perspectives. A survey of over 500 college-age IM users was conducted. The survey data were used to identify factors that were important to the usefulness of IM. The results showed that young users correlated different features of IM with different aspects of usefulness. The ability to facilitate friendship development and personalized communication was viewed as an important feature for the social use of IM; for work-related uses, information richness and information volume were deemed as more desirable features for IM. The findings can be used as a foundation for future studies using knowledge workers in the workplace.
(2R,3R)‐(Z)‐Cyclophenylalanine

(·HCl) [110716-95-5] C10H12ClNO2 (MW 213.68) InChI = 1S/C10H11NO2.ClH/c11-10(9(12)13)6-8(10)7-4-2-1-3-5-7;/h1-5,8H,6,11H2,(H,12,13);1H/t8-,10+;/m0./s1 InChIKey = HOEULYIOXHWXBO-KXNXZCPBSA-N (reagent for syntheses of conformationally constrained peptidomimetics) Physical Data: (HCl salt) mp 201 °C (dec); [α]D25 +105° (c 0.69, H2O). Solubility: the compounds of this series closely resemble the parent amino acids; they are sol water, moderately sol lower alcohols, and insol apolar solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless solid; not currently commercially available on a routine basis. Analysis of Reagent Purity: chemical purities are accessed by mp and NMR; optical purities are deduced by forming diastereomeric derivatives, or by derivatization and analysis in the presence of chiral NMR shift reagents. Preparative Methods: substituted 2,3-methanoamino acids are difficult to prepare. Unfortunately, most of the reported syntheses give racemic materials whereas stereochemically pure compounds are required for studies of cyclopropane-based peptidomimetics. The only 2,3-methanologs of protein amino acids prepared in optically active form are (E)- and (Z)-cyclo-Phe1-4 and -Tyr,5 all four stereoisomers of cyclo-Met,6 (Z)-cyclo-Arg7 and (2S,3S)-(Z)-cyclo-Trp,8 although several routes to enantio-enriched 2,3-methanologs of simple nonproteogenic amino acids have been reported.9-12 The most practical synthesis of the title compound is that based on a diastereoselective, rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation reaction.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: some compounds in this series are slightly hygroscopic, but they are otherwise quite stable, and indefinitely so under an inert atmosphere in a freezer. For good results in peptide syntheses these compounds must be used with the same precautions taken for any common amino acid derivative.
Factor-dependent release of ribosomes from messenger RNA. Requirement for two heat-stable factors.

Abstract The process of ribosome run-off is studied with naturally occurring polysomes isolated from growing Escherichia coli. When polysomes are isolated in the presence of tetracycline, most of the acceptor sites on the ribosomes are empty and the bound nascent polypeptidyl-transfer RNA reacts with puromycin in the absence of G factor (translocase) and GTP. During this reaction, the polysomes themselves, in spite of the release of nascent polypeptide chain, remain intact. The resulting complex of messenger RNA, ribosomes and unesterified tRNA at the donor site can be likened to the ribosome (at the end of cistron), which released the completed polypeptide chain by the action of termination factor. Run-off of ribosomes from such polysomes is measured by following the conversion of polysomes into single ribosomes. The evidence that the conversion represents the run-off of ribosomes or release of ribosomes from messenger RNA is based on the observation that pulse-labeled messenger RNA is not appreciably degraded during this conversion. The conversion is dependent on two soluble factors and GTP. On the basis of its behavior upon DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, it is concluded that one of the factors is G factor. This conclusion is further strengthened by the observation that the factor is heat labile when isolated from a mutant having a heat labile G factor. The second factor is stable at 50 °C for five minutes. The behavior on DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex columns indicates that this factor is not T or Ts factor. These soluble factors by themselves do not hydrolyze 14C-labeled polyuridylic acid, nor do they stimulate the breakdown of 14C-labeled poly(U) by ribonuclease bound to ribosomes. It is postulated that the second factor, acting together with G factor, releases ribosomes from messenger RNA when the polypeptide chain is terminated naturally at the termination codons or abortively in the middle of cistron.
Comparing Semantic Role Labeling with Typed Dependency Parsing in Computational Metaphor Identification

Most computational approaches to metaphor have focused on discerning between metaphorical and literal text. Recent work on computational metaphor identification (CMI) instead seeks to identify overarching conceptual metaphors by mapping selectional preferences between source and target corpora. This paper explores using semantic role labeling (SRL) in CMI. Its goals are two-fold: first, to demonstrate that semantic roles can effectively be used to identify conceptual metaphors, and second, to compare SRL to the current use of typed dependency parsing in CMI. The results show that SRL can be used to identify potential metaphors and that it overcomes some of the limitations of using typed dependencies, but also that SRL introduces its own set of complications. The paper concludes by suggesting future directions, both for evaluating the use of SRL in CMI, and for fostering critical and creative thinking about metaphors.
HSP70 mRNA translation in chicken reticulocytes is regulated at the level of elongation.

Abstract During heat shock of chicken reticulocytes the synthesis of a single heat shock protein, HSP70, increases greater than 10-fold, while the level of HSP70 mRNA increases less than 2-fold during the same period. Comparison of the in vivo levels of HSP70 and beta-globin synthesis with their mRNA abundance reveals that the translation of HSP70 mRNA is repressed in normal reticulocytes and is activated upon heat shock. In its translationally repressed state HSP70 mRNA is functionally associated with polysomes based on sedimentation analysis of polysomes from untreated or puromycin-treated cells and by analysis of in vitro "run-off" translation products using isolated polysomes. Treatment of control and heat shocked cells with the initiation inhibitor pactamycin reveals that elongation of the HSP70 nascent peptide is not completely arrested, but is slower in control cells. Furthermore, the inefficient translation of HSP70 mRNA in vivo is not due to the lack of an essential translation factor; HSP70 mRNA is efficiently translated in chicken reticulocyte translation extracts as well as in heterologous rabbit reticulocyte extracts. Our results reveal that a major control point for HSP70 synthesis in reticulocytes is the elongation rate of the HSP70 nascent peptide.
Genetic analysis of the black pigment mutation in the Mongolian gerbil

The black pigment mutation of the Mongolian gerbil is inherited as an autosomal recessive and is not linked to the pigment mutation spotted (Sp). Black gerbils have deep glossy black coats, yellow perineal hairs, and small white patches under the chin and across the front feet. The black hairs are pigmented entirely with eumelanin including numerous cortical granules. The similarities between the black gerbil mutant and various black pigment mutations in mice area discussed.
Religion and Literature: Outsider, Tradition, and Transcendence

The American field of religion and literature emerged in the mid-20th century with a particular interest in the theological resonance of modern literature. By the 1970s, the field had grown and diversified, leading David Hesla to announce a ‘second stage’ in which various approaches and topics, including social science and popular culture, would replace the first, theological stage. For Hesla and others, the second stage signaled confusion as well as pluralism. This article frames the field differently, highlighting its broader context and concerns with the categories of outsider, tradition, and transcendence. In this, light, religion and literature offers crucial perspective on current debates about secularity, society, and aesthetics.
Satisfaction with substance use treatment and 12-step groups predicts outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Satisfaction is a critical component of patient-centered care, yet little is known about the degree to which patient satisfaction is linked to subsequent outcomes, especially in substance use disorder (SUD) treatments and 12-step groups. The current study assessed the degree to which satisfaction with Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient SUD treatment and with 12-step groups, both measured at 6 months after treatment initiation, was associated with additional treatment utilization and better substance-related outcomes during the next 6 months, that is, up to 1 year after treatment initiation. Methods Participants were 345 patients entering the VA SUD treatment program. Results More satisfaction with treatment and with 12-step groups at 6 months was associated with less alcohol use severity and more abstinence at 1 year. More treatment satisfaction was related to less subsequent medical severity, whereas more 12-step group satisfaction was related to less subsequent psychiatric severity. More 12-step group satisfaction was related to subsequent increases in 12-step group attendance and involvement. A single item assessing overall satisfaction appeared best related to subsequent outcomes. Conclusions Satisfied SUD treatment patients and 12-step mutual help members appeared to have better subsequent service utilization patterns and treatment outcomes. SUD treatments can improve outcomes by monitoring and enhancing patient satisfaction.
Stable Interface Conditions for Discontinuous Galerkin Approximations of Navier-Stokes Equations

A study of boundary and interface conditions for Discontinuous Galerkin approximations of fluid flow equations is undertaken in this paper. While the interface flux for the inviscid case is usually computed by approximate Riemann solvers, most discretizations of the Navier-Stokes equations use an average of the viscous fluxes from neighboring elements. The paper presents a methodology for constructing a set of stable boundary/interface conditions that can be thought of as "viscous" Riemann solvers and are compatible with the inviscid limit.
An Implantable Artificial Lung

Abstract Self-contained artificial lung prototypes were implanted in 8 dogs and a calf for periods up to eight days. Ventilation and perfusion of the artificial organ are provided by pressures available in the pleural cavity and the pulmonary artery through the use of a silicone rubber ventilating envelope and an efficient, low-pressure manifold system. The three units with the largest membrane area (0.208 to 0.832 sq. m. had flow rates of 65 to 240 ml. per minute and oxygen transfer rates of 1.4 to 13.0 cc. per minute with room air ventilation. Design characteristics and the problems with implantation and long-term function are discussed.
Abstract 5398: Drug combination synergy quantification in animals and clinics using computerized combination index method

Drug combination has been used for thousand of years, and currently widely used in the treatments of cancer, AIDS, and other diseases. Drug combination studies have been carried out mostly in vitro but rarely in animals and clinics due to cost, efficiency, ethical considerations, etc. However, the “definition of synergy” is universal and can be quantitatively determined as indicated by Chou & Talalay in (i). Adv. Enz. Regul. 22: 27-55, 1984 and by Chou in (ii). Pharmacol. Rev. 58: 621-681, 2006, (iii). Leukemia & Lymphoma 49: 2059-2080, 2008, and (iv). Cancer Res. Perspective Article 2009 (in press). By definition, synergism is more than the additive effect, however, additive effect cannot be determined by the arithmetic sum of effect, nor by the fractional product method, nor by statistics, p value, but rather by the combination index (CI) where CI = 1, 1 indicate additive effect, synergism, and antagonism, respectively. The theory, experimental design, and computerized simulation have been discussed or illustrated in (i-iii), and in (iv) outlined the pitfalls, common errors, and frequently asked questions. The CI method of Chou-Talalay has been cited in over 400 journals and in (i) alone has been cited over 1,916 times with citations over 1,000-fold higher than the journal9s impact number. The CI method, based on the median-effect principle of the mass-action law, is quantitative, efficient, simple and economical which allows using small number of data points. This paper will illustrate how synergism of two anticancer drugs can be determined in nude mice bearing mammary carcinoma MX-1, and why two similar anti-HIV clinical trials, where both used surrogate markers and fractionated doses, were published and had different results; one used 366 patients (N. Engl. J. Med. 333: 1662-1669, 1995) but was unable to determine synergism due to the experimental design, and another, which applied the CI method, used only 36 patients (Antivir. Ther. 1: 77-88, 1996), and yet was able to quantitatively determine synergism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5398.
Forestry and the environment in China: the current situation and strategic choices

Abstract Although China has recently expanded its forest area and inventory, it is still facing a severe resource crisis, featuring high demands for wood products and environmental services, a rapid depletion of natural forests, and poor quality of man-made forests. After analyzing the current situation, a new development strategy is presented for China's forestry in this paper. According to this efficiency-based forestry division strategy, three interrelated types of forestry will emerge through more efficient management in the next 30 years: a strong commercial forestry sector including intensive forest plantations and an integrated processing industry, a well-established environmental forestry sector, and an extensive multiple-use forestry sector. Various policy changes for this new strategy are discussed.
Myo arm: swinging to explore a VE

In this paper, we use an inexpensive wearable device called the Myo armband (199 USD) to implement a simple arm swinging algorithm that allows a user to freely explore an HMD-based virtual environment. Using a spatial orientation task we directly compared our Myo arm--swinging method to joystick locomotion and physical walking. We find that our arm swinging method outperforms the simple joystick and that spatial orientation is comparable to physically walking on foot. Our arm--swinging method is inexpensive compared to tracking systems that permit foot exploration, does not suffer from space constraints, and requires less physical energy than walking on foot.
Electrochemical behavior of gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers with an acidic end group for selective detection of dopamine

Abstract Gold electrodes modified with monolayers with ionic end groups of different acidity and structure have been evaluated for the detection of dopamine. It has been demonstrated that the selectivity of monolayers depends not only on ionic charge but also on the nature of the ionic end group and defects in the monolayer. Catalytic effects due to the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid by dopamine are present at the monolayer modified gold electrode. The angle resolved XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) experiments demonstrate that the sulfonate group do not compete with thiol on binding the gold electrode. The capacitance measurements demonstrate that the capacitance depends on the length, end group type and defects present in monolayers.
Aspartase Activity of Soils Under Different Management Systems

Abstract Recent interest in soil tillage, cropping systems, and residue management has focused on low‐input sustainable agriculture. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of various management systems on aspartase activity in soils. This enzyme [L‐aspartate ammonia‐lyase, EC 4.3.1.1] catalyzes the hydrolysis of L‐aspartate to fumarate and NH3. It may play a significant role in the mineralization of organic N in soils. The management systems consisted of three cropping systems [continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CCCC); corn‐soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]‐corn‐soybean (CSCS); and corn‐oat (Avena sativa L.)‐meadow‐meadow (COMM) {meadow was a mixture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)] at three long‐term field experiments initiated in 1954, 1957, and 1978 in Iowa and sampled in June 1987. The plots received 0 or 180 (or 200) kg ha−1 before corn and an annual application of 20 kg P and 56 kg K ha−1. The tillage systems (no‐tillage, chisel plow, and moldboard plow)...
Vibrational spectra in ordered and disordered Ni 3 Al

We calculate the vibrational density of states (DOS) and corresponding thermodynamic properties of L1{sub 2} ordered and disordered Ni{sub 3}Al in the quasiharmonic approximation using the embedded-atom method. Vibrational and thermodynamic properties, including vibrational entropy differences between ordered and disordered states, are found to be in good agreement with experiment. The DOS of the configurationally disordered alloy resembles a broadened version of the DOS of the L1{sub 2} phase, not a one-atom per cell fcc DOS, and is shifted downward in frequency because the disordered state has a larger volume than the ordered phase. Calculations of the projected DOS indicate that high-frequency modes located predominantly on aluminum atoms broaden the most on disordering. Further, we find that the vibrational entropy difference between the two phases is largely due to the difference in volumes of the phases and their different thermal expansions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Seasonal liver protein differences in a hibernator revealed by quantitative proteomics using whole animal isotopic labeling.

Hibernation is an energy-saving strategy used by diverse species of mammals to survive winter. It is characterized by cycles between multi-day periods of torpor with low body temperature (Tb), and short periods of rapid, spontaneous rewarming. The ability to retain cellular integrity and function throughout torpor and rewarming is a key attribute of hibernation. Livers from winter hibernators are resistant to cellular damage induced by cold storage followed by warm reperfusion. Identifying proteins that differ between the summer-sensitive and winter-protected phenotypic states is one useful approach that may elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie this protection. Here we employ a novel quantitative proteomics screening strategy whereby a newly-weaned 13-lined ground squirrel was metabolically labeled by ingesting heavy-isotope substituted (15N) Spirulina. The liver protein extract from this animal provided a common reference for quantitative evaluation of protein differences by its addition to extracts from pooled samples of summer active (SA) or winter entrance (Ent) phase hibernating ground squirrels. We identified 61 significantly different proteins between the two groups and compared them to proteins identified previously in the same samples using 2D gels. Of the 20 proteins common to the two datasets, the direction and magnitude of their differences were perfectly concordant for 18, providing confidence that both sets of altered proteins reflect bona fide differences between the two physiological states. Furthermore, the 41 novel proteins recovered in this study included many new enzymes in pathways identified previously: specifically, additional enzymes belonging to the urea cycle, amino acid and carbohydrate degradation, and lipid biosynthetic pathways were decreased, whereas enzymes involved in ketone body synthesis, fatty acid utilization, protein synthesis and gluconeogenesis were increased in the samples from entrance hibernators compared to summer active animals, providing additional specific evidence for the importance of these pathways in the hibernating phenotype.
Stereotyped: Investigating Gender in Introductory Science Courses

Research in science education has documented achievement gaps between men and women in math and physics that may reflect, in part, a response to perceived stereotype threat. Research efforts to reduce achievement gaps by mediating the impact of stereotype threat have found success with a short values-affirmation writing exercise. In biology and biochemistry, however, little attention has been paid to the performance of women in comparison with men or perceptions of stereotype threat, despite documentation of leaky pipelines into professional and academic careers. We used methodologies developed in physics education research and cognitive psychology to 1) investigate and compare the performance of women and men across three introductory science sequences (biology, biochemistry, physics), 2) document endorsement of stereotype threat in these science courses, and 3) investigate the utility of a values-affirmation writing task in reducing achievement gaps. In our study, analysis of final grades and normalized learning gains on content-specific concept inventories reveals no achievement gap in the courses sampled, little stereotype threat endorsement, and no impact of the values-affirmation writing task on student performance. These results underscore the context-dependent nature of achievement gaps and stereotype threat and highlight calls to replicate education research across a range of student populations.
Polymorphic structures of poly(tetramethylene adipate)

Abstract X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies show that the linear polyester poly (tetramethylene adipate) (PTMA) can exist in two polymorphic forms in the solid state, which are designated α- and β-PTMA. The α form is obtained by annealing a stretched film at 52°C for several days. The unit cell is monoclinic with dimensions a = 6.70 A, b = 8.00 A, c = 14.20 A (fiber axis) and β = 45.5°. The fiber repeat is approximately 0.5 A shorter than that predicted for an extended planar zigzag conformation, as has been observed for some other related polyester structures. A second polymorphic form, designated β-PTMA, predominates in oriented films prepared from the quenched melt. Here the chains appear to have the planar zigzag conformation and are packed on an orthorhombic network with dimensions α - 5.05 A and b = 7.36 A but are not in register along the fiber axis. Spontaneous transformation of the β form to the a form occurs slowly at room temperatures, indicating the α form is the m...
Site Selection On Hosts By Copepodids of Lernaea Cyprinacea L. (Copepoda)

Quoique la sequence des stades copepodites soit identique chez les tetards et les poissons, la distribution des larves sur les deux hotes est tout a fait differente. Sur le poisson rouge (Carassius auratus) 90% des copepodites se trouvent sur les nageoires et la surface du corps. Meme s'ils sont capables de se tenir sur la surface du corps, 95% des copepodites sur les tetards on ete trouves dans la bouche et la chambre branchiale. Aucune difference significative n'a ete trouve dans la distribution sur les deux especes de tetards utilisees: Rana epipien.r et Rana clamitans. Sur les tetards, du 2eme au 5eme stade, les copepodites se deplacent rarement sur l'hote, et il en resulte une destruction des tissus et une reaction de l'hote accrues au point d'attache. Cette existence essentiellement sessile semble dicter la distribution des copepodites. Les zones choisies permettent la fixation et l'alimentation dans un courant d'eau optimal. Differences ou similarites dans les modes de distribution de Lernaea cyprinacea dependent ainsi des types morphologiques et des modes de locomotion des hotes sur lequel vivent les parasites.
Rethinking computer architecture for throughput computing

Summary form only given. The rise of rich media in mobile devices and massive analytics in data centers has created new opportunities and challenges for computer architects. On one hand, commercial computer organizations have been undergoing fast transformation to drastically increase the throughput of processing large amounts of data while keeping the power consumption in check. On the other hand, computer architecture has evolved too slowly to facilitate hardware innovations, software productivity, algorithm advancement and user perceived improvements. In this talk, I will present some major challenges facing the computer architecture research community and some recent advancements in throughput computing. I will conclude by arguing that we must rethink the scope of computer architecture research as we seek to create growth paths for the computer systems industry.
Nuclear magnetic resonance and the coherent state of unstable-moment rare-earth compounds at low temperatures

Abstract This paper discusses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and relaxation experiments in rare-earth compounds which exhibit unstable 4f magnetism and related effects. In several systems paramagnetic NMR shifts indicate modification of electronic band structure below characteristic temperatures found from “classical” experiments, e.g. susceptibility and specific heat. Shift anomalies are small or absent in the nearly integral-valent compounds CeCu 2 Si 2 and CeRu 2 Si 2 . Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates yield estimates of spin fluctuation rates, and are sensitive to the onset of correlated near-neighbor fluctuations. Recent NMR relaxation data for the heavy-fermion superconductors CeCu 2 Si 2 and UBe 13 will be presented.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Improving Sparse Network Seismic Location with Bayesian Kriging and Teleseismically Constrained Calibration Events,’ by Stephen C. Myers and Craig A. Schultz,” by A. Douglas

We thank Alan Douglas (Douglas, 2004) for his thoughtful comments on Myers and Schultz (2000). In Myers and Schultz (2000) we improve seismic location accuracy and uncertainty estimates for a sparse, regional network by improving travel-time predictions and better characterizing residual uncertainties. Station-specific, travel-time corrections and associated uncertainty estimates are calculated using the Bayesian kriging methodology of Schultz et al. (1998). The Bayesian kriging methodology is an empirical approach that exploits the spatial correlation of travel-time residuals to interpolate an empirical (calibration) set of travel-time residuals into a minimum-variance, geographically continuous surface of travel-time corrections and an associated uncertainty surface. In Myers and Schultz (2000) we test the Bayesian kriging approach by relocating events in the 1991 Racha, Georgia earthquake sequence (∼ 42°N, 43°E). We compare uncalibrated locations (based on P -wave travel times for the ak135 model; Kennett et al. , 1995) and calibrated locations (calibrated travel-times and uncertainties) to benchmark locations that are constrained with a dense, local-distance network. The calibration data set consists of event locations that are constrained by a teleseismic network. One goal of the study was to assess the utility of teleseismically constrained events for calibration. We find that better travel-time prediction for regional paths can be achieved by using the teleseismically constrained calibration events, and the improved travel-time prediction improves regional-network location accuracy. A major advantage of Bayesian kriging over many other interpolation techniques is the propagation of uncertainty from the calibration data set into a travel-time-prediction uncertainty surface. Sources of data set uncertainty include calibration-event locations, phase observations for calibration events, and calibration-event spacing. We find that coverage ellipses (Evernden, 1969) are representative of observed epicenter accuracy (i.e., confidence level of the coverage ellipse is indicative of the number of occurrences of the benchmark location within the ellipse) when the …
Chains of divalent gold nanoparticles

We discuss our recently developed method to selectively functionalize mixed ligand gold nanoparticles at two specific defect points in the ligand shell and to join the nanoparticles together into chains by placing reactive molecules at those two points. Here we use infrared spectroscopy to confirm that the process of functionalizing those defect points rapidly reaches equilibrium. In addition, we demonstrate the quantitative reproducibility of the chaining reaction, and we discuss the case in which we perform the same functionalization procedure on homoligand nanoparticles.
Analysis of unsuccessful esophageal stent placements for esophageal perforation, fistula, or anastomotic leak.

Background Esophageal stent placement for the treatment of a perforation, anastomotic leak, or fistula has been adopted by some thoracic surgeons. Results have been reported for this technique, but little discussion has focused on treatment failures. This analysis reviews patients in whom esophageal stent placement was not successful in an attempt to identify factors that may increase the likelihood of failure of this technique. Methods Patients undergoing esophageal stent placement for the treatment of an esophageal perforation, anastomotic leak, or fistula in which the stent failed to adequately seal the esophageal leak were identified from a single institution's database. The anatomic location, chronicity, and cause of the esophageal leak were recorded using a newly developed classification system. Comparison was made to patients in whom stent placement was successful. Results Over a 7-year period, 187 patients had an esophageal stent placed for esophageal leaks. Fifteen (8%) of these patients required traditional operative repair when the esophageal stent failed to resolve the esophageal leak after an average of 3 days. A comparison of the 2 patient groups found that stent failure was significantly more frequent in patients who had an esophageal leak of the proximal cervical esophagus, 1 that traversed the gastroesophageal junction, an esophageal injury longer than 6 cm, or an anastomotic leak associated with a more distal conduit leak ( p Conclusions This investigation identified 4 factors that significantly reduce the effectiveness of esophageal stent placement for the treatment of esophageal perforation, fistula, or anastomotic leak. These potential contraindications should be considered when developing a treatment plan for individual patients and may prompt traditional operative repair as initial therapy.
STATUS OF THE CDF II ONLINE TRIGGER

Run II at the Tevatron is scheduled to start in March 2001. The accelerator complex and collider detectors are undergoing substantial upgrades. This has motivated a complete redesign of the online-trigger system for the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). The CDF trigger system has a three-level architecture that will reduce the 7.6 MHz crossing rate to 50 Hz written to tape. Using a pipelined and buffered system, the trigger is designed to be "deadtimeless". The structure of the trigger will be flexible and programmable in order to respond to changing beam conditions or physics goals. This paper will review the structure of the CDF trigger system and give a status report on construction and commissioning of the system.