cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, magnetization, and heat capacity of triangular lattice materials NaErSe 2 and KErSe 2

In this paper we report the synthesis, magnetization, and heat capacity of the frustrated magnets $A{\mathrm{ErSe}}_{2}$($A=\mathrm{Na},\mathrm{K}$) which contain perfect triangular lattices of ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$. The magnetization data suggests no long-range magnetic order exists in $A{\mathrm{ErSe}}_{2}$($A=\mathrm{Na},\mathrm{K}$), which is consistent with the heat capacity measurements. Large anisotropy is observed between the magnetization within the $ab$ plane and along the $c$ axis of both compounds. When the magnetic field is applied along the $ab$ plane, anomalies are observed at 1.8 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ in ${\mathrm{NaErSe}}_{2}$ at 0.2 T and 2.1 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ in ${\mathrm{KErSe}}_{2}$ at 0.18 T. Unlike ${\mathrm{NaErSe}}_{2}$, a plateaulike field-induced metamagnetic transition is observed for $\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\parallel}c$ below 1 K in ${\mathrm{KErSe}}_{2}$. Two broad peaks are observed in the heat capacity below 10 K indicating possible crystal electric field (CEF) effects and magnetic entropy released under different magnetic fields. All results indicate that $A{\mathrm{ErSe}}_{2}$ are strongly anisotropic, frustrated magnets with field-induced transition at low temperature. The lack of signatures for long-range magnetic order implies that these materials are candidates for hosting a quantum spin liquid ground state.
Cardiorespiratory adaptations to training at specified frequencies.

Abstract Twenty young male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of four training groups or a control group in a study of the effect of various training frequencies on cardiorespiratory endurance. Training consisted of treadmill running at a rate of seven miles per hour for a ten-minute period. As each subject completed a ten-minute run the grade was increased one percent for the next training period. The group trained for one, two, three or five days per week for five weeks. Improvement was measured by pre- and post-administration of the Balke treadmill test, the Astrand-Ryhming (A-R) test of physical fitness, the Taylor, Buskirk and Henschel test of maximal oxygen intake, and by maintaining a record of the number of training sessions completed. While the Balke test indicated significantly greater improvement for those in the five-day group, the other methods of measurement favored either the two- or three-day groups. Pre-training correlations among the three tests indicated that the A-R test was sign...
Short-term audibility is a better predictor of vocoded speech-in-speech recognition than long-term target-to-masker ratio

Under natural listening conditions, speech is often heard in competing speech. In this case, the audibility of the target speech depends on short-term level fluctuations in both the target and the masker. In this experiment, we tested whether short-term audibility was a better predictor of speech-in-speech recognition than the average long-term target-to-masker ratio. 21 young adults with normal hearing listened to frozen combinations of PRESTO sentences and two-talker masking speech presented at average target-to-masker ratios between +10 and 0 dB in 2 dB steps. Frozen stimuli were vocoded with a 16-channel sine wave vocoder to discretize temporal envelope interactions between target and masker across frequencies. For each frozen stimulus we calculated short-term audibility as the proportion of time the envelope of the target speech was greater than the envelope of the masker within and across vocoder channels. Even though long-term target-to-masker ratios were set to a fixed value for each frozen stimulus, short-term audibility varied substantially across stimuli with the same target-to-masker ratio. Short-term audibility was also better predictor of speech recognition for each combination than long-term target-to-masker ratio. We conclude that short-term audibility quantifies interactions in level between fluctuating targets and maskers, whereas long-term target-to-masker ratio does not.
Nail Psoriasis in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Topical Therapy

Nail involvement is common in patients with cutaneous psoriasis, which is prevalent among older adults. Nail psoriasis greatly impacts patients' quality of life and self-esteem. Concomitant psoriatic arthritis is common. Treating nail psoriasis in the geriatric population may be challenging. General nail care measures may prevent exacerbations. Topical therapy is relatively effective, with a low rate of adverse events and little to no risk of systemic toxicity or drug interactions. However, application under occlusion may be cumbersome. There is a need for randomized controlled clinical trials in the elderly population to make more evidence-based treatment guidelines.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine mediated active demethylation is required for neuronal differentiation and function

Although high levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) accumulate in neurons, it is not known whether 5hmC can serve as an intermediate in DNA demethylation in postmitotic neurons. We report high resolution mapping of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, chromatin accessibility, and histone marks in developing postmitotic Purkinje cells (PCs). Our data reveal new relationships between PC transcriptional and epigenetic programs, and identify a class of genes that lose both 5mC and 5hmC during terminal differentiation. Deletion of the 5hmC writers Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 from postmitotic PCs prevents loss of 5mC and 5hmC in regulatory domains and gene bodies and hinders transcriptional and epigenetic developmental transitions, resulting in hyper-excitability and increased susceptibility to excitotoxic drugs. Our data demonstrate that Tet-mediated active DNA demethylation occurs in vivo, and that acquisition of the precise molecular and electrophysiological properties of adult PCs requires continued oxidation of 5mC to 5hmC during the final phases of differentiation.
A uniqueness theorem for harmonic functions

The main result of this note is the following theorem: Theorem 1. Let D = {(x, t); IX 2 + t2 0} be a half ball in Rn+1 and x E Rn. Assume that u is Cl in D and harmonic in D, and that for every positive integer N there exists a constant CN such that (1) IVU(x, 0) I ' CN IXIN in a neighbourhood V of the origin in oD; (2) u(x,0) > u(O,0) in V. Then u u(O, 0). First we prove it for R2, and then we show by induction that it holds for all n > 3. INTRODUCTION Theorem 1 stated in the Abstract is somewhat analogous to theorem 1 of Baouendi and Rothschild [1], which is a uniqueness theorem for holomorphic functions of one complex variable; they applied it to obtain results on unique continuation for functions of several complex variables. For n = 2, we show that our theorem is equivalent to theirs. In [2], Baouendi and Rothschild obtained results that are related to ours, but that neither imply nor are implied by ours. The main result of [2] is theorem 3, where they assume that u vanishes of infinite order at the origin in the normal direction and u > 0 in V, and deduce that u vanishes on V and also along the normal identically. In our case we assume that Vu vanishes of infinite order at the origin restricted to AD, and deduce the same thing. We deduce uniqueness based on tangential behaviour, whereas they deduce uniqueness based on behaviour along the normal direction. But one might argue that Vu includes the normal derivative. On the other hand it is not clear how, from the tangential decay of the normal derivative, one can deduce the decay of u along the normal direction unless one assumes u is C? on D. Also in the infinitely smooth case one can easily see the equivalence of our results to those of [2]. For completeness we quote theorem 1 of [1]: Theorem BR. Let Q{ = z; lzl 0}, a half disc in the complex plane C. Assume that h is continuous in Q and holomorphic in Q, and that h vanishes up to infinite order at the origin, i.e., for every positive integer N there exists a constant Received by the editors August 20, 1996 and, in revised form, November 20, 1996. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 31A05. ?1998 American Mathematical Society 1721 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.114 on Thu, 26 May 2016 06:34:05 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
A standardized protocol for the comprehensive assessment of dental hygiene work.

Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in dental hygienists. Although engineering controls and ergonomic training is available, it is unclear why this intransigent problem continues. One possible barrier is that a comprehensive, standardized protocol for evaluating dental hygiene work does not exist. Objective This study aimed to generate a valid and reliable observational protocol for the assessment of dental hygiene work. Methods An iterative process was used to establish and refine an ecologically valid video acquisition and observation protocol to assess key activities, tasks, and performance components of dental hygiene work. Results Good inter-rater reliability was achieved across all variables when the final coding scheme was completed by three independent raters. Conclusions This work provides an exemplar of the process required to generate a comprehensive protocol for evaluating the work components of a particular job, and provides standardized nomenclature for use by scientists and practitioners interested in understanding and addressing the pervasive issue of work-related disorders in dental hygienists.
EFFECT OF MICROSCALE TURBULENT STRUCTURES DYNAMICS ON FORCED CONVECTION IN TURBULENT POROUS MEDIA FLOW

The influence of microscale flow structures (smaller than the pore size) on turbulent heat transfer in porous media has not been yet investigated. The goal of this study is to determine the influence of the micro-vortices on convection heat transfer in turbulent porous media flow. Turbulent flow in a homogeneous porous medium was investigated using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) at a Reynolds number of 300. We observed that the convection heat transfer characteristics are dependent on whether the micro-vortices are attached or detached from the surface of the obstacle. There is a spectral correlation between the Nusselt number and the pressure instabilities due to vortex shedding. A secondary flow instability occurs due to high pressure regions forming periodically near the converging pathway between obstacles. This causes local adverse pressure gradient, affecting the flow velocity and convection heat transfer. This study has been performed for obstacles with shapes of square and circular cylinders at porosities of 0.50 and 0.87. Understanding the dominant modes that affect convection heat transfer can aid in finding an optimum geometry for the porous medium.
Growth in Consumer Lending as a Temporary Source of Well-Being

Recovery of consumer lending has facilitated growth in expenditures on ultimate consumption and brought about stability of households’ savings amid the ongoing decline of real incomes. However, in the long-term prospect this situation will put at risk both the fi nancial stability of households and the resource base of the banking sector.
How Costly are Limited Liability Rules

We analyze the optimal contract, and quantify the cost of limited liability rules, in a standard agency model with ex-ante action choices. Under limited liability, we show that, for typical parametrizations, compensation contracts always specify a "performance target" for the risk-averse agent. Alternatively, in a model of investment financing under moral hazard, external debt and the granting of absolute priority to debtholders are key (though not the unique) ingredients of the optimal financing contract. Removing liability limits makes possible a superior contract that punishes the agent harshly for low-output results. We interpret these harsh penalties in terms of debt bondage (or debtors' prisons), and show that the deadweight losses brought about by the judicial imposition of liability limits are significant. Our results indicate that the costs associated with debt bondage must be substantial to explain the ubiquity of limited liability rules in modern economies.
Modeling the Philips Curve: A Time-Varying Volatility Approach

This paper examines the Phillips curve relationship when the second moment of inflation is nonlinear. Specifically, we estimate GARCH models that provide evidence consistent with Keynesian-type models that imply output "overshooting" and inflation fluctuations following aggregate demand shocks. Additionally, the evidence suggests that an increase in the conditional variability of inflation leads to higher levels of inflation.
The inhibition of polymorphonuclear and lymphocyte-mediated fetal red blood cell lysis by promethazine in vitro

Abstract An in vitro method for the measurement of fetal red blood cell destruction by Fc receptor-bearing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes has been developed. Cord blood was collected at the time of delivery from infants who were Rh-D positive and compatible with their mother, as well as infants who were Rh-D positive and incompatible with their Rh-D-sensitized mothers. Red blood cells, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear preparations were individually separated from each cord blood sample. Rh-D-positive cord red blood cells from compatible and incompatible pregnancies complicated by erythroblastosis were coated with anti-Rh-D. All target red blood cells, opsonized and not opsonized, were labeled with chromium-51 and cultured with autologous lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes at an effector:red blood cell ratio of 10:1. Cultures containing either no promethazine hydrochloride or varying amounts of the drug were studied. Antibody alone did not cause red cell lysis. Both lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes were effective in causing the lysis of red blood cells bearing antibody. Lysis of red blood cells by polymorphonuclear leukocytes or lymphocytes was inhibited by promethazine hydrochloride. Excessive amounts of promethazine hydrochloride alone cause lysis of the red cells. At the low doses utilized for inhibition in this experiment, the action of promethazine hydrochloride on the lymphocytes was found to be reversible. Promethazine is believed to have exhibited two different types of activity in this study: (1) It inhibited antibody-dependent, cell-mediated lysis of autologous red blood cells coated with antibody; (2) it stabilized the red blood cell membrane so that even spontaneous lysis of red blood cells was decreased 50 per cent.
Correction to absolute proper motion using the IAS-Galaxy model

The IAS-Galaxy model (Ratnatunga, Bahcall and Casertano 1989) is a software interface between theoretical models of the Galaxy and observed kinematic distributions. It has been developed for analysis of many kinematic catalogs to study global galactic structure. In addition, the IASG model can be used to estimate corrections needed to derive absolute parallax and absolute proper motion by evaluating, on a star-by-star basis, the expected mean motion of the reference stars.
Satisfied or unaware? Racial differences in perceived weight status

Obesity is disproportionately prevalent among many racial/ethnic minority communities. The efficacy of weight control efforts in these groups may depend on individual's ability to accurately perceive their weight status. We examined whether racial/ethnic differences exist in weight status misperception among overweight adults. Nationally-representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2002 were examined. Participants included overweight and obese adult men (n = 3115) and women (n = 3437). Weight status misperception was identified among respondents who self-reported being "about the right weight/underweight." Blacks (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.71, 2.54) were twice as likely and Hispanics (OR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.17) were 70-percent more likely than Whites to misperceive their weight, in models adjusted for age, education, income, marital status, self-reported health, and self-reported medical diagnosis of overweight. Black overweight (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.26) and obese (OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.57, 8.11) women were considerably more likely to exhibit misperception compared to their White female counterparts. Odds of misperception were higher among overweight Black (OR = 2.20, 95%CI: 1.54, 3.15), Hispanic (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.75), and obese Black men (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.54, 5.22), compared to White men. Weight status misperceptions among the overweight are more common among Blacks, and Hispanic men. The persistence of racial/ethnic differences after adjustment for medical diagnosis of overweight may suggest some resistance to physician weight counseling. Identifying strategies to correct weight status misperceptions status may be necessary to ensure the efficacy of clinical and public health obesity interventions conducted among these groups.
Illegal Convictions and Sentences to Capital Punishment

The paper examines the prevalence of illegal capital convictions and sentences to death in the United States, from 1976 to 1992. Data are analyzed from all capital convictions and sentences to death row during this period, using information from the death row imprisonment file in the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data, collected by the U.S. Bureau of Prisons and used by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in their annual capital punishment research notes. Data are available on over 6,000 offenders sentenced to death row during this period.The findings show that more than 40 percent of all original capital convictions or sentences are overturned as illegal—either in the conviction for the crime, the capital sentence, or for illegal elements in the capital statutes. Considerable variation exists between states in the proportion of illegal convictions and sentences. In some states, all of the capital cases were overturned during this period as illegal convictions or sentences. In 18 states more than half...
Mycotic aneurysm of pulmonary artery: A rare complication of empyema

Summary We report a case of mycotic aneurysm of pulmonary artery secondary to Streptococcus intermedius pneumonia and empyema. A 77-yr-old male patient was admitted with left lower lobe pneumonia and empyema. He subsequently developed respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation. After prolonged stay in intensive care unit his respiratory status improved and he was extubated. CT of chest with intravenous contrast showed left distal pulmonary artery aneurysm. The patient declined any intervention. Unfortunately, 2 days after extubation the patient developed massive hemoptysis and died.
Mechanisms of carbapenem resistance among a collection of Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates in a Texas city

Fourteen Enterobacteriaceae isolates with ertapenem MIC >2 mg/mL were analyzed to identify mechanisms of resistance. All isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase or AmpC β-lactamase with variable, but decreased, expression of outer membrane proteins. One Enterobacter cloacae produced derepressed AmpC β-lactamase, 1 Escherichia coli expressed plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase, and 1 E. cloacae produced a carbapenemase.
Differential androgenic control of prostatic cytosolic cAMP-dependent and -independent protein kinases

Whether or not various cytosolic protein kinases (and especially the type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase) of rat ventral prostate are specifically regulated with respect to total activity or specific activity by androgen has been investigated. Following androgen deprivation, the total activity per prostate of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (with histone as substrate) changed little at 24 h, declining by about 20% at 96 h. Under these conditions, its specific activity remained unaltered at 24 h, but was markedly enhanced at 96 h postorchiectomy. Type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase in rat ventral prostate cytosol was the only form of cAMP-dependent protein kinases present as determined by measurement of catalytic activity as well as [32P]-8-N3-cAMP binding to the regulatory subunits. There was no alteration in the distribution of the isoenzymes of cAMP-dependent protein kinases or the response of these kinase activities to cAMP owing to castration of animals. The prostatic cytosol also contains free regulatory subunit (with molecular weight similar to that of regulatory subunit R1) which coelutes with type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This finding was confirmed by using [32P]-8-N3-cAMP photoaffinity labeling of cAMP-binding proteins. With respect to cAMP-independent protein kinase (measured with dephosphophosvitin as substrate), a decline of 31% in its specific activity was observed in cytosol of prostates from rats castrated for a period of 24 h without significant further change at later periods following castration. However, there was a marked progressive reduction in total activity of this enzyme per prostate (loss of 72% at 96 h postorchiectomy). The increase in specific activity of cAMP-dependent, but not cAMP-independent, protein kinase in the face of decreasing total activity in the cytosol at later periods of castration (e.g., at 96 h) may reflect a slower loss of the former enzyme protein than the bulk of the cytosolic proteins. Administration of testosterone to castrated animals prevented these changes. These data do not indicate a specific regulation by steroid of the type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the prostate. Rather, the cAMP-independent protein kinase (with dephosphophosvitin as substrate) appears to be modulated by the androgenic status of the animal.
Active Segregation of Yeast Mitochondria by Myo2 Is Essential and Mediated by Mmr1 and Ypt11

Active segregation of essential organelles is required for successful cell division. The essential budding yeast myosin V Myo2 actively segregates most organelles along polarized actin cables. The mechanism of mitochondrial segregation remains controversial, with movement driven by actin polymerization, movement driven by association with transported cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and direct transport by Myo2 proposed as models. Two nonessential proteins, Mmr1 and the Rab GTPase Ypt11, bind Myo2 and have been implicated in mitochondrial inheritance, although their specific roles are also contended. We generated myo2(sens) mutations that exhibit no overt phenotype but render MMR1 essential and have compromised Ypt11 binding. We then isolated myo2(sens)mmr1(ts) conditional mutants and determined that they have a specific and severe defect in active mitochondrial inheritance, revealing mitochondrial transport by Myo2 as an essential function. ypt11Δ mmr1(ts) cells also have conditional defects in growth and active transport of mitochondria into the bud, both of which are suppressed by artificially forcing mitochondrial inheritance. At the restrictive temperature, cells defective in mitochondrial inheritance give rise to dead buds that go through cytokinesis normally, showing no evidence of a proposed cell-cycle mitochondrial inheritance checkpoint. Thus, active mitochondrial inheritance is an essential process and a function of Myo2 that requires either Mmr1 or Ypt11.
Infinite‐mean losses: insurance's “dread disease”

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the existence and significance of heavy‐tailed – and in particular, infinite‐mean – insurance losses.Design/methodology/approach – Three specific questions are addressed in turn. First, how do infinite‐mean insurance losses arise in the real world? Second, can infinite‐mean losses exist even in the presence of insurance policy limits (caps)? Third, why are infinite‐mean losses so infrequently discussed by practitioners and regulators?Findings – The paper first shows that heavy‐tailed – and in particular, infinite‐mean – insurance losses can be generated by simple modifications of gamma (exponential) random variables. It then finds that the property of infinite means cannot be prevented by the imposition of policy limits (caps). Finally, the paper argues that the statistical contagion and financial intractability of infinite‐mean losses generate a political fear among practitioners and regulators analogous to that associated with a “dread disease.”Original...
XPS, UPS, and TDS study of adsorption, oxidation, and hydrogenation of CO on rhenium

Abstract Adsorption, desorption, oxidation, and hydrogenation of carbon monoxide on polycrystalline rhenium foil along with the electronic structure of clean rhenium have been studied by X-ray (Al k α ) and UV (Ne I, He I, and He II) photoelcctron spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectrometry under UHV conditions. The valence band electron spectra of clean Re are compared with the density of states obtained from APW band-structure calculations and variations in the photoionization cross sections as a function of photon energy are presented. X-ray induced Auger transitions below 1450 eV are identified according to approximate calculations employing atomic energy level differences. Chemisorption of CO and O 2 at low exposures on clean Re is reported. The results show that O 2 is dissociatively adsorbed at 25°C and CO is dominantly molecularly adsorbed at 25°C, a portion of which is desorbed at 240°C and the remainder dissociated into carbide and oxide forms which desorb at 1060°C. The high temperature dissociated carbide and oxide species are the reactants during oxidation to CO 2 and hydrogenation to CH 4 . Correlation of the molecular orbitais of adsorbed CO with those of gaseous CO and Re 2 (CO) 10 suggests that the adsorbed molecule is terminally bonded to the metal via the C atom.
Magnetoresistance in doped magnetic tunnel junctions: Effect of spin scattering and impurity-assisted transport

The effects of spin-exchange scattering and impurity-assisted tunneling on the junction magnetoresistance (JMR) are investigated in magnetic tunnel junctions with artificially doped barriers. Spin scattering is observed when magnetic ions (Ni) are introduced, while for nonmagnetic dopants (Si), impurity-assisted tunneling occurs. The latter process is shown to be mainly elastic, and gives rise to an extra conductance that is unpolarized and reduces the overall JMR. In contrast, spin-exchange scattering is demonstrated to contribute inversely to the JMR, thereby decreasing it severely. The inelastic nature of spin scattering is reflected in a more pronounced temperature and voltage dependence of the JMR, as well as the junction resistance.
Implicit QR 11 factorization of a product of three matrices

We present a numerical algorithm for computing the implicit QR factorization of a product of three matrices, and we illustrate the technique by applying it to the generalized total least squares and the restricted total least squares problems. We also demonstrate how to take advantage of the block structures of the underlying matrices in order to reduce the computational work.
ON THE USE OF APPROXIMATIONS IN THE MODELLING OF PLUG-FLOW REACTORS UNDER PERIODIC OPERATION

Abstract The governing equations of a transient plug-flow reactor (PFR) form a set of coupled linear or nonlinear partial differential equations which must be solved numerically. These equations can be transformed into a more easily solved set of ordinary differential equations by use of the differential reactor approximation (DRA) or the staged CSTR approximation (SCA). These classic simplifications often work well under steady state conditions, but this paper explores their limitations under conditions of periodic operation. Also, in the absence of chemical reaction, the SCA is shown to be useful in modelling tubular reactors with non-zero dispersion under conditions of periodic operation.
Sulfate sources in the Glacier Lakes catchment, Snowy Range, Wyoming, U.S.A.

Abstract West Glacier Lake is a small high-elevation (3270 m) dilute (mean SO4 8.65 μ; alkalinity 37.8 μm) lake underlain by quartzite cut by amphibolite dikes. Estimating the SO4 budget of the West Glacier Lake catchment requires identification of all sources of S; pyrite in the amphibolite dikes is an intra-basin source. Stable S isotope (δ34S) values range from −2.1 to +2.8%o in surface waters, average +1.95%o in bedrock pyrite, and average +5.38%o in snowpack. The isotopic composition of the surface waters is inconsistent with simple mixing of bedrock and atmospheric sources. Seasonal redox transformations by soil microbes during wetting-drying cycles appear to have a major influence on isotopic compositions. Stable S isotopes can be used to quantify the contributions of different SO4 sources at any instant in time, but biological transformations may make it impossible to calculate the contribution of sulfur from the bedrock on an annual basis.
An abbreviated version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the CD-RISC2: Psychometric properties and applications in psychopharmacological trials

Resilience may be an important component of the prevention of neuropsychiatric disease. Resilience has proved to be quantifiable by scales such as the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Here, we introduce a two-item version of this scale, the CD-RISC2. We hypothesize that this shortened version of the scale has internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity as well as significant correlation with the full scale. Additionally, we hypothesize that the CD-RISC2 can be used to assess pharmacological modification of resilience. We test these hypotheses by utilizing data from treatment trials of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and generalized anxiety disorder with setraline, mirtazapine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine XR, and kava as well as data from the general population, psychiatric outpatients, and family medicine clinic patients.
Solvability and error bounds for nonlinear circuits containing operational amplifiers

Although an operational amplifier is a nonlinear device, the existing methods of analysis of circuits with operational amplifiers view it as a linear element which possibly has an infinite gain. As a result, it is not clear to what extent the results thus obtained hold. In this paper we construct a general model of a (nonlinear) circuit containing operational amplifiers. Viewing such a network as an interconnection of a multiport withn operational amplifiers, we give conditions for solvability (i.e., for the existence of an input-output operator), and establish estimates for the error incurred by replacing such a system by an idealized system whose operational amplifiers have infinite gain. In this way we determine ranges for variables within which the traditional linear analysis gives results that fulfill given accuracy requirements.
A unified audio and image steganography by spectrum modification

A method of embedding information in the spectral domain of a cover audio and a cover image that can be extended to video frames is proposed. The technique exploits the imperceptibility of human auditory and visual systems at low levels of spectral changes. By selectively altering the spectrum at a pair of one-dimensional frequencies by a small percentage of the average power of a segment of audio or image, the psychoacoustical or psychovisual masking property enables unnoticeable embedding with a large payload. Initial studies on the effect of Gaussian noise added to the stego demonstrate the robustness of the technique to noise in both the stego audio and image. The imperceptibility of the technique combined with high payload, robustness of embedded data and accurate data retrieval renders the proposed steganography suitable for covert communication and secure data transmission applications.
Warehouse workers' headache: emergency evaluation and management of 30 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning

Background Carbon monoxide (CO) is the leading cause of fatal toxic inhalation in the United States, but the medical literature contains few reports of mass exposures. Warehouse workers' headache (WWH) is an infrequently reported form of CO poisoning due to industrial exposure. Methods We describe 30 persons who developed WWH after inhaling exhaust from a propane-fueled forklift, their emergency medical management at a small community hospital, and their long-term courses. Results Workers with more direct exposures to vented exhaust had significantly higher expired CO levels (21.1 ± 0.7% versus 8.4 ± 4.8%, P P = 0.01) than persons with less direct exposures. Work location, expired CO levels, and acute symptom scores did not correlate with symptom scores 2 years after exposure. Workers experiencing acute difficulty concentrating or confusion had higher expired CO levels than persons with neither of these symptoms (16.3 ± 6.7% versus 8.4 ± 5.2%, P = 0.005) and developed higher chronic symptom scores (3.9 ± 3.0 versus 1.1 ± 1.5, P = 0.04), suggesting that mis subgroup may require closer follow-up for long-term complications. Conclusion With earlier recognition of ongoing CO toxicity, this disaster would likely have been averted. Since CO exposures are more common than is often recognized, general internists must be familiar with the manifestations of CO toxicity, its timely evaluation, management, and prevention.
Introduction: be prepared

The following six case studies all describe situations where a health sciences library has been asked to permanently give up a considerable amount of space, usually an entire floor of the existing library, to what most would consider nonlibrary functions. The situations at these institutions vary considerably in some ways and have remarkable similarities in others. It is not the purpose of these studies to bemoan the loss of space, but rather to point out that a trend may be developing and that lessons can be learned from libraries that have undergone a loss of space. The idea that health sciences libraries “as places” will change considerably has been around for a while. In 1992, Kountz proposed that it would make more sense to purchase computers for all users than to continue to run a traditional library. He believed that the future of the library was in providing information at the point of need, not in building huge local collections [1]. Fifteen years ago, at the first National Library of Medicine “Building Symposium,” a question posed to all presenters was, “Is there a need for a physical centralized information facility in the academic health sciences center? If so, will there continue to be such a need?” [2]. Today, librarians are often asking themselves these questions. The adoption of electronic journals in place of print suggests that libraries will need less space. Is it any wonder that the administrators of academic health centers are asking the same questions [3]? In the delphi study conducted by Ludwig and Starr in 2004, 77% of the participants agreed with the statement that “By 2010, the health sciences library will no longer be thought of as primarily a physical place but as an entity that provides access to highly competent information-management professionals” [4]. Yet the physical space remains. Planning groups often suggest new uses for space that relate to the educational mission of the library and the campus. However, practical considerations have outweighed these goals in several cases, with library space becoming office space. Teaching faculty and many librarians wonder what the physical building is to become other than a study hall with a coffee bar and computer lab [5]? In the cases that follow, some requests for space came as a surprise to the library. In several cases the speed with which space had to be vacated severely limited the library's ability to plan properly. In other cases, a planning process allowed input from faculty and librarians, provided time for consideration, and generally resulted in an outcome more congruent with the library's mission. Based on this sample, it seems to be only a matter of when, not if, health sciences libraries will be asked to give up space. Although advance planning and preparation cannot always lead to the outcomes that seem most desirable for the library and the parent institution, these case studies show that, as the Boy Scouts say, it is best to “be prepared.”
Rail-to-rail super class AB CMOS operational amplifiers

Novel class AB single-stage operational amplifiers are presented. Theyfeature rail-to-rail operation owing to the use of floating-gate input transistors. Initial charge of the floating gates is removed during fabrication, without any post-processing. The amplifiers are fast, simple, and able to operate at low supply voltages. They are highly power efficient owing to the enhanced (super) class AB operation based on adaptive biasing and local common-mode feedback. A 0.5 µm CMOS implementation shows rail-to-rail operation with slew rates of about 40 V/µs for a load of 80 pF and 144 µW of quiescent power consumption.
Thyroglobulin in struma ovarii

Abstract The serum assay of thyroglobulin offers a means of detection of recurrent thyroid cancer. We present immunohistochemical studies suggesting that the presence of ovarian thyroid tissue containing and producing thyroglobulin may introduce a source of diagnostic confusion.
The Diagnostic Importance of the Normal Finding

Abstract When a diagnostic test is reported as normal, the clinician generally uses it only to rule out certain diseases. However, if properly interpreted, the normal value may help to differentiate among diagnoses that yield normal results with different frequencies. A simple method permits the extraction of such information. The physician estimates the probability of various diagnoses and then combines these estimates with the anticipated frequency of negative results for each disease under consideration. (N Engl J Med 298:486–489, 1978)
Modeling tissue optics using Monte Carlo modeling: a tutorial

A brief introduction to time-resolved and steady-state Monte Carlo modeling is presented. The methods of time-resolved and steady-state Monte Carlo simulations of photon trajectories within a tissue are presented. An example simulation using Monte Carlo Multi-Layered (mcml) demonstrates the spatial distributions of power deposition and fluence rate within a layered tissue with different optical properties (absorption, reduced scattering) in each layer.
Contract-based design of control protocols for safety-critical cyber-physical systems

We introduce a platform-based design methodology that addresses the complexity and heterogeneity of cyber-physical systems by using assume-guarantee contracts to formalize the design process and enable realization of control protocols in a hierarchical and compositional manner. Given the architecture of the physical plant to be controlled, the design is carried out as a sequence of refinement steps from an initial specification to a final implementation, including synthesis from requirements and mapping of higher-level functional and non-functional models into a set of candidate solutions built out of a library of components at the lower level. Initial top-level requirements are captured as contracts and expressed using linear temporal logic (LTL) and signal temporal logic (STL) formulas to enable requirement analysis and early detection of inconsistencies. Requirements are then refined into a controller architecture by combining reactive synthesis steps from LTL specifications with simulation-based design space exploration steps. We demonstrate our approach on the design of embedded controllers for aircraft electric power distribution.
Influence of heat processing and calcium ions on the ability of EDTA to inhibit lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions containing omega-3 fatty acids

Abstract The nutritional benefits of ω -3 fatty acids make them excellent candidates as functional food ingredients if problems with oxidative rancidity can be overcome. Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with 2% salmon oil, stabilized by 0.2% Brij 35 at pH 7. To determine the effects of heating (50–90 °C), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and calcium on the oxidative and physical stability of salmon oil-in-water emulsions, particle size, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and lipid hydroperoxides were measured. The heat-processed emulsions showed no significant difference, in particle size, TBARS or hydroperoxides during storage, from unheated emulsions. Above 2.5 μM, EDTA dramatically decreased lipid oxidation in all samples. Addition of calcium to emulsions containing 7.5 μM EDTA significantly increased both TBARS and hydroperoxide formation when calcium concentrations were 2-fold greater than EDTA concentrations. These results indicate that heat-processed salmon oil-in-water emulsions with high physical and oxidative stability could be produced in the presence of EDTA.
Comparison of the effectiveness of three manual physical therapy techniques in a subgroup of patients with low back pain who satisfy a clinical prediction rule: a randomized clinical trial.

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to examine the generalizability of 3 different manual therapy techniques in a patient population with low back pain that satisfy a clinical prediction rule (CPR). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Recently a CPR that identifies patients with LBP who are likely to respond rapidly and dramatically to thrust manipulation has been developed and validated. The generalizability of the CPR requires further investigation. METHODS: A total of 112 patients were enrolled in the trial and provided demographic information and completed a number of self-report questionnaires including the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at baseline, 1-week, 4-weeks, and 6-months. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 3 manual therapy techniques for 2 consecutive treatment sessions followed by exercise regimen for an additional 3 sessions. We examined the primary aim using a linear mixed model for repeated measures, using the ODQ and NPRS as dependent variables. The hypothesis of interest was the group by time interaction, which was further explored with pair-wise comparisons of the estimated marginal means. RESULTS: There was a significant group x time interaction for the ODQ (P < 0.001) and NPRS scores (P = 0.001). Pair-wise comparisons revealed no differences between the supine thrust manipulation and side-lying thrust manipulation at any follow-up period. Significant differences in the ODQ and NPRS existed at each follow-up between the thrust manipulation and the nonthrust manipulation groups at 1-week and 4-weeks. There was also a significant difference in ODQ scores at 6-months in favor of the thrust groups. CONCLUSION: The results of the study support the generalizability of the CPR to another thrust manipulation technique, but not to the nonthrust manipulation technique that was used in this study. In general, our results also provided support that the CPR can be generalized to different settings from which it was derived and validated. However, additional research is needed to examine this issue.
How Strong is the Pull of the Past?: Measuring Personal Nostalgia Evoked by Advertising

ABSTRACT Marketers frequently evoke personal nostalgia in their advertising. To date, scales have been developed to measure the propensity to get nostalgic but not the actual dimensions of personal nostalgia. Results from four studies show that advertising-evoked personal nostalgia comprises four correlated but distinct dimensions: past imagery, positive emotions, negative emotions, and physiological reactions. This multidimensional scale showed a high level of validity and reliability. Moreover, due to careful choice of sampling frames, the study demonstrates a high level of external generalizability. Evaluating nostalgia-based advertising using the study9s multidimensional scale may provide marketers with strategic insights for developing and fine-tuning advertising aimed at inducing nostalgia among consumers.
What went wrong at Ricochet

Ricochet, which offered mobile wireless Internet access at 128 kb/s, had its plug pulled in August 2001 after its owner, Metricom Inc., in San Jose, Calif., spent a US $1.1 billion investment pool building and upgrading the service in 21 U.S. metropolitan areas at a furious pace. The author discusses whether the high-speed mobile access service was ahead of its time, or merely ahead of its marketing?.
Narcotics for chronic pain yes or no? A useless dichotomy

Abstract Two opposing views have developed regarding the place of narcotics in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain. The authors believe the foundations of these views are based on treatment models that can be characterized as biomedical, behavioral, and moral. Conflicts arise when these incomplete models are used to addeess a very complex problem. The authors describe a biopsychosocial model and give treatment guidelines in which the prescription of opioids is a tool among others to achieve multiple goals individualized for each patient with chronic nonmalignant pain. A specific opioid protocol is used and narcotics are rarely initiated and usually discontinued over-time with the concurrence of the patient. However, a number of patients remain on low stable doses for years in the context of other nonpharmacological treatments.
Bovine viral diarrhoea virus-specific bovine monoclonal antibody

A bovine monoclonal antibody specific for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) recognized all the reference strains of BVDV and over 90% of the field isolates tested. It neutralized the virus and precipitated a 56 k–58 k viral protein.
Recycling attitudes and behavior among a clinic-based sample of low-income Hispanic women in southeast Texas.

We examined attitudes and behavior surrounding voluntary recycling in a population of low-income Hispanic women. Participants (N = 1,512) 18–55 years of age completed a self-report survey and responded to questions regarding household recycling behavior, recycling knowledge, recycling beliefs, potential barriers to recycling (transportation mode, time), acculturation, demographic characteristics (age, income, employment, marital status, education, number of children, birth country), and social desirability. Forty-six percent of participants (n = 810) indicated that they or someone else in their household recycled. In a logistic regression model controlling for social desirability, recycling behavior was related to increased age (P<0.05), lower acculturation (P<0.01), knowing what to recycle (P<0.01), knowing that recycling saves landfill space (P<0.05), and disagreeing that recycling takes too much time (P<0.001). A Sobel test revealed that acculturation mediated the relationship between recycling knowledge and recycling behavior (P<0.05). We offer new information on recycling behavior among Hispanic women and highlight the need for educational outreach and intervention strategies to increase recycling behavior within this understudied population.
Three Dimensional Design Structure Matrix With Cross-Module and Cross-Interface Analyses

Many companies that struggle with product variety and configuration management issues turn to a module-based design approach. Although this approach is well-known to be efficient for managing variety of a product family, current methods do not enable designers to handle both modularity and variety within a product family. The Design Structure Matrix (DSM) has been widely used to identify modules within a product, but its use to identify modules across a family of products has been limited. In this context we propose two tools based on an extension of the basic DSM to manage variety of an entire product family. The Variety Design Structure Matrix, DSMV , handles variety of the product family and 3D Design Structure Matrix, DSM3D , enables visual analysis of across the entire product family. These two tools, combined into a single approach, enable analysis of the product family at many levels — family product, module, and interfaces — to better specify modules and interfaces across all of the products in the family. A case study involving a family of three single-use cameras is used to demonstrate the application of these new DSMs and accompanying cross-module and cross-interface analyses. This new approach can be applied during detailed studies as well as in the early stages of the design process.Copyright © 2007 by ASME