cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light on Body Image Treatment Acceptance Through Mindfulness

The treatment of body image has to be multifaceted and should be directed toward the treatment of the whole individual-body, mind, and spirit-with an ultimate culmination of acceptance and compassion for the self. This article presents information on a mindful approach to the treatment of body image as it pertains to concerns with body size and shape. This approach fosters the idea that the treatment process should be one of observation, nonjudgment, neutrality, and acceptance. To this end, this article will depict the conceptualization of body image treatment from a mindful perspective, in which mindfulness serves as the foundation on which the multiple facets of treatment are built. The core components of body image treatment (i.e., cognitive, perceptual, behavioral, and emotional), in the context of mindfulness, are discussed as they relate to the treatment of body image disturbance. This article may be viewed as a theoretical overview of a new treatment concept for body image disturbance.
Educator Beliefs and Cultural Knowledge: Implications for School Improvement Efforts

Purpose: This qualitative study reports on beliefs practicing educators hold about diverse students and families. Specifically, this study examined educator beliefs related to culturally, linguisti...
Mining Heavy Subgraphs in Time-Evolving Networks

Networks from different genres are not static entities, but exhibit dynamic behavior. The congestion level of links in transportation networks varies in time depending on the traffic. Similarly, social and communication links are employed at varying rates as information cascades unfold. In recent years there has been an increase of interest in modeling and mining dynamic networks. However, limited attention has been placed in high-scoring sub graph discovery in time-evolving networks. We define the problem of finding the highest-scoring temporal sub graph in a dynamic network, termed Heaviest Dynamic Sub graph (HDS). We show that HDS is NP-hard even with edge weights in {-1,1} and devise an efficient approach for large graph instances that evolve over long time periods. While a naive approach would enumerate all O(t^2) sub-intervals, our solution performs an effective pruning of the sub-interval space by considering O(t*log(t)) groups of sub-intervals and computing an aggregate of each group in logarithmic time. We also define a fast heuristic and a tight upper bound for approximating the static version of HDS, and use them for further pruning the sub-interval space and quickly verifying candidate sub-intervals. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation of our algorithm on transportation, communication and social media networks for discovering sub graphs that correspond to traffic congestions, communication overflow and localized social discussions. Our method is two orders of magnitude faster than a naive approach and scales well with network size and time length.
Low levels of climate niche conservatism may explain clade diversity patterns in the South African genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Sharp climatic gradients in South Africa and in particular in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) provide a diversity of niches over short distances that may have promoted ecological diversification in local clades. Here we measured the extent to which closely related species occupy divergent climates and test whether niche lability is correlated with higher species diversity in the genus. METHOD We integrated phylogenetic information and environmental niche models (ENM) to assess the levels of climate niche conservatism. ENMs for 113 species of Pelargonium were calculated using maximum entropy. We used two tests, one assessing climate niche equivalency and the other testing niche similarity between sister species and within sections. We also examined whether niche similarity was correlated with phylogenetic relatedness across the genus. KEY RESULTS Niche similarity was mostly independent of phylogenetic relationships. Compared to random expectations, 23% of closely related species pairs had climate niches that were more similar, and only 6.5% were more disparate; the remaining 70% of comparisons had similarities that fell within random expectations. Similar trends were observed when analyses were restricted to only sister species pairs. Although the overall proportion of niche divergence was low, this was significantly related to sectional diversity. We also found a negative relationship between diversity and the proportion of random niches. CONCLUSIONS Lack of widespread niche conservatism in a highly heterogeneous landscape and few instances of significant climate niche lability suggest that an adaptive divergence process was implicated in the Pelargonium radiation.
Distributed data fusion algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

Signal processing in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has a huge range of applications. Distributed Kalman Filter (DKF) is one of the most fundamental distributed estimation algorithms for scalable wireless sensor fusion. DKF finds applications in object tracking, environmental monitoring, surveillance, and many other applications. All algorithms proposed in the literature are based on static network. In reality, the network topology is changing. The topology change is often caused by node failure, which is due to energy depletion. In this work a DKF is proposed for such network. The simulation and the experimental results validate our proposed DKF. The experimental results show that each sensor node can run DKF with up to six neighbors.
Efficient keyword search for smallest LCAs in XML databases

Keyword search is a proven, user-friendly way to query HTML documents in the World Wide Web. We propose keyword search in XML documents, modeled as labeled trees, and describe corresponding efficient algorithms. The proposed keyword search returns the set of smallest trees containing all keywords, where a tree is designated as "smallest" if it contains no tree that also contains all keywords. Our core contribution, the Indexed Lookup Eager algorithm, exploits key properties of smallest trees in order to outperform prior algorithms by orders of magnitude when the query contains keywords with significantly different frequencies. The Scan Eager variant is tuned for the case where the keywords have similar frequencies. We analytically and experimentally evaluate two variants of the Eager algorithm, along with the Stack algorithm [13]. We also present the XKSearch system, which utilizes the Indexed Lookup Eager, Scan Eager and Stack algorithms and a demo of which on DBLP data is available at http://www.db.ucsd.edu/projects/xksearch. Finally, we extend the Indexed Lookup Eager algorithm to answer Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) queries.
Chemical and Sonochemical Approaches to the Formation of VO2 Films and VO2-Impregnated Materials

A new chemical and chemical/ultrasonic approach to the preparation of VO{sub 2} films and VO{sub 2}-impregnated bulk materials has been developed. In this approach, a V{sub 2}O{sub 5} sol prepared by quenching is used to coat SiO{sub 2} substrates. The resulting gel-film is heat treated in a reducing atmosphere to form a film identified as VO{sub 2} from the results of X-ray diffraction and both optical and resistivity measurements, which reveal the phase transition characteristic of vanadium dioxide. The advantage of this approach to the formation of VO{sub 2} is that the V{sub 2}O{sub 5} sol can be used to impregnate porous materials, which are then heated treated to form an optically active composite material. The switching properties of the VO{sub 2} films are investigated using optical and resistivity measurements, and the results are compared to those obtained for VO{sub 2}-films prepared by more-conventional methods.
Activation of Potassium Channels by Tempol in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells From Normotensive and Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Hypertensive Rats

Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK) channels modulate vascular tone. Tempol, an O(2)(-) dismutase mimetic, causes vasodilation via activation of vascular BK channels. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying tempol-induced activation of BK channels in mesenteric arterial (MA) myocytes from sham and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. In sham myocytes, whole-cell patch clamp studies showed that tempol enhanced peak outward currents (I(o)). This effect was larger in DOCA-salt myocytes. Tempol caused a leftward shift in the activation curve for I(o) in sham and DOCA-salt myocytes. In DOCA-salt myocytes, the peak I(o) at +80 mV did not differ from sham myocytes, but iberiotoxin (BK channel blocker) caused a larger reduction of I(o) in DOCA-salt compared with sham myocytes. Iberiotoxin but not 4-aminopyridine blocked the I(o) activated by tempol. Tiron, another O(2)(-) scavenger, had no effect on I(o). Using inside-out patches, we found that tempol caused a 4-fold increase in open probability (P(o)) of BK channels but did not change the mean channel open time in sham and DOCA-salt myocytes. Tempol did not change single channel conductance in sham or DOCA-salt myocytes. Western blot and immunocytochemical studies revealed that BK channel alpha-subunit expression was increased in DOCA-salt MA compared with sham MA. The data indicate that tempol directly activates BK channels by increasing channel P(o). We conclude that upregulation of the BK channel alpha-subunit protein and tempol-induced increases in BK channel P(o) contribute to the enhanced depressor response caused by tempol in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
Construction of a BALB/c congenic mouse, C.C3H-Lpsd, that expresses the Lpsd allele: analysis of chromosome 4 markers surrounding the Lps gene.

Development of a congenic BALB/c mouse strain that contains a segment of chromosome 4 including the Lpsd allele of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ strain is presented. On the basis of LPS-induced spleen cell mitogenesis, macrophage tumor necrosis factor secretion, and tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro and lethality in galactosamine-sensitized mice in vivo, the C.C3H-Lpsd strain provides a model of LPS hyporesponsiveness that is comparable to that of the parental C3H/HeJ strain. Analysis of markers in this region indicates that length of the donor fragment is approximately 5.5 centimorgans. Thus, the C.C3H-Lpsd strain provides an important genetic tool for analysis of markers in this region and for examining functional effects of Lpsd expression on the BALB/c background.
Short- and long-term effects of various milk-delivery contingencies on sucking and nipple attachment in rat pups.

Varied milk delivery contingencies differentially affect sucking in rat pups as measured by jaw-muscle electromyographic activity. In Experiment 1 we found that 11-1 3-day-old pups sucked more frequently when receiving tiny intermittent pulses of milk than when receiving no milk, and continued to suck at a high rate for at least 30 min after cessation of milk delivery. In subsequent experiments we found that pups 13-18 days of age engaged in more frequent sucking if receiving milk continuously rather than intermittently, and that this increased rate of sucking persisted for at least 24 hr after cessation of milk delivery. Pups given experience with continuous milk delivery from 14 to 18 days of age also spent significantly more time attached to the nipple at 19 days of age than did pups in control groups. It was concluded that experience with different milk delivery schedules can affect subsequent sucking and nipple attachment behavior. Several investigators have demonstrated that 2-week-old rats traverse runways and mazes more efficiently when reinforcement consists of sucking a nipple which provides milk rather than sucking a nipple which does not (Letz, Burdette, Gregg, Kittrell, & Amsel, 1978; Kenny, Stolhoff, Bruno, & Blass, 1979). We are now finding that the pup’s behavior while on the nipple is also affected by milk delivery. Eleven- to thrteenday-old pups engage in more frequent sucking while receiving milk than do pups which receive no milk (Brake, Sager, Sullivan, & Hofer, 1982). Rat pups are also capable of acquiring conditioned preferences for previously aversive olfactory stimuli when those stimuli are paired with milk delivery (Brake, 1981). These findings suggest that suckling rat pups might learn when and how to feed as a function of when and how they have been fed in the past. In this series of experiments we begin to test the hypothesis that specific milk delivery schedules have both immediate and long-term effects on sucking and nippleattachment behavior. In the 1st experiment we explore the short-term effects of milk
Genetic diversity analysis of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) populations using microsatellites and chloroplast sequences

The agricultural landscape of the United States could soon be changed by planting of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars to meet government-mandated targets for lignocellulosic bioenergy production and consumption. This alteration could affect the genetic structure of wild switchgrass populations, which are native to the eastern half of North America through cultivar introgression. In this study, PCR amplification of microsatellite fragments as well as chloroplast gene-specific markers were utilized to quantify the genetic diversity and structure of five native populations and three agronomic fields (hereafter ‘populations’) planted with switchgrass cultivars. Microsatellite polymorphism across all the switchgrass populations ranged from 91.4 to 100 %. Overall, natural switchgrass populations had significantly higher mean genetic diversity than agronomic switchgrass cultivars (0.262 ± 0.102 and 0.201 ± 0.082 respectively, t test p < 0.008). Natural switchgrass populations had significantly higher total genetic diversity within (HS) and among (HT) as compared to agronomic switchgrass cultivars. A clear separation of natural and agronomic switchgrass populations was noted using principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis. A grouping pattern similar to that obtained in the microsatellite study was observed when chloroplast nucleotide sequence variation was assessed. In the realm of bioenergy sustainability, our results highlight the need to consider the genetic structure of cultivars for bioenergy when they are grown in proximity to native switchgrass populations.
Kavitation eines Gummi‐Dichtungsringes

Werkstoffzerstorung durch Kavitation tritt auf, wenn Materialien mit Flussigkeiten in Beruhrung stehen, plotzlichen und starken Druckanderungen unterworfen sind. „Kavitation” bedeutet dabei sowohl die Hohlraumbildung in der Flussigkeit als auch die hohlenformige Schadigung des Werkstoffes. Ein solcher Vorgang ist mit Warmeentwicklung verbunden. Ein Dichtungsring aus Silicone-Gummi wurde nun durch einen derartigen Angriff in sehr charakteristischer Weise ausgehohlt. An diesen Stellen wurde der Gummi verkohlt. Trotz der Beruhrung mit Wasser wurde also die Zersetzungstemperatur des Werkstoffes uberschritten. Cavitation of a Rubber Packing Ring Destruction of material through cavitation is encountered when materials are in contact with liquids exposed to sudden and violent pressure changes. In this connection, “cavitation” denotes both the formation of cavities in the liquid and the cavernous damage to the material. Such a process is accompanied by release of heat. A packing ring made of silicone rubber was found to be excavated by such an attack in a very characteristic manner. At these points, the rubber was charred. In spite of the contact with water, the decomposition temperature of the material had thus been exceeded.
Activation of hypertension and tyrosine by subthreshold amounts of epinephrine.

SummaryHypertensin has no effect on the vessels of the perfused rabbit's ear. It becomes strongly vasoconstrictive, however, when supplemented with traces of epinephrine and also when fresh plasma is added to the perfusate. None of 20 different amino-acids tested in perfusion experiments on the rabbit's ear had any constrictor effect. When traces of epinephrine were included in the perfusion fluid, tyrosine was the only one of the 20 that exhibited a strong and sustained vasoconstriction. Glycyl-l-tyrosine was inactive with and without epinephrine. l-tyrosyl: glycine and tyrosine-amide-acetate, both inactive when perfused alone, constricted the vessels if combined with minute amounts of epinephrine. The activity of these two compounds, however, was definitely less than that of tyrosine. Introduction of iodine into the tyrosine molecule abolished the constrictor action entirely.The conclusion drawn from these findings is that constriction of the blood vessels of the rabbit's ear is dependent to a large deg...
Understanding and simplifying the structural similarity metric

The structural similarity (SSIM) metric and its multi-scale extension (MS-SSIM) evaluate visual quality with a modified local measure of spatial correlation consisting of three components: mean, variance, and cross-correlation. This paper investigates how the SSIM components contribute to its quality evaluation of common image artifacts. The predictive performance of the individual components and pairwise component products is assessed using the LIVE image database. After a nonlinear mapping, the product of the variance and cross- correlation components yields nearly identical linear correlation with subjective ratings as the complete SSIM and MS- SSIM computations. A computationally simple alternative to SSIM (c.f Eq. (6)) that ignores the mean component and sets the local average patch values to 128 exhibits a 1% decrease in linear correlation with subjective ratings to 0.934 from the complete SSIM evaluation with an over 20% reduction in the number of multiplications.
Progression of Pathogenic Events in Cynomolgus Macaques Infected with Variola Virus

Smallpox, caused by variola virus (VARV), is a devastating human disease that affected millions worldwide until the virus was eradicated in the 1970 s. Subsequent cessation of vaccination has resulted in an immunologically naive human population that would be at risk should VARV be used as an agent of bioterrorism. The development of antivirals and improved vaccines to counter this threat would be facilitated by the development of animal models using authentic VARV. Towards this end, cynomolgus macaques were identified as adequate hosts for VARV, developing ordinary or hemorrhagic smallpox in a dose-dependent fashion. To further refine this model, we performed a serial sampling study on macaques exposed to doses of VARV strain Harper calibrated to induce ordinary or hemorrhagic disease. Several key differences were noted between these models. In the ordinary smallpox model, lymphoid and myeloid hyperplasias were consistently found whereas lymphocytolysis and hematopoietic necrosis developed in hemorrhagic smallpox. Viral antigen accumulation, as assessed immunohistochemically, was mild and transient in the ordinary smallpox model. In contrast, in the hemorrhagic model antigen distribution was widespread and included tissues and cells not involved in the ordinary model. Hemorrhagic smallpox developed only in the presence of secondary bacterial infections – an observation also commonly noted in historical reports of human smallpox. Together, our results support the macaque model as an excellent surrogate for human smallpox in terms of disease onset, acute disease course, and gross and histopathological lesions.
Inhibition of bovine spermatozoa by caudal epididymal fluid: II. Interaction of pH and a quiescence factor.

Previous studies (Carr and Acott , 1984) indicate that bovine sperm are maintained in a quiescent state in the caudal epididymis (CE) by a pH-dependent inhibitory factor. Here, we have determined that the pH of bovine CE fluid and of CE semen is approximately 5.8, and that the motility of CE sperm in undiluted CE fluid increases as the pH is elevated. Therefore, the acidity of CE fluid may play a physiological role in the maintenance of sperm quiescence. The changes in sperm motility, in response to changes in the pH of CE fluid, are reversible and rapid. Dilution of CE fluid with buffers at either pH 5.5 or 7.6 produces a much slower initiation of motility. In buffer a significantly lower pH is required to inhibit sperm motility than is required in CE fluid. The apparent pKs for inhibition are 5.3 in buffer and 6.6 in CE fluid. However, the motility of sperm in buffers that contain lactate, shows a pH dependence similar to sperm in CE fluid. That is, lactate inactivates sperm in buffer at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.6. Lactate, and several other permeant weak acids, have previously been shown to reduce the intracellular pH of bovine sperm and many other types of cells. We show that these permeant weak acids, but not impermeant weak acids, reversibly reduce CE sperm motility in buffer at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.6. Weak bases, which have previously been shown to elevate intracellular pH, initiate sperm motility in CE fluid. These results suggest that intracellular pH can regulate CE sperm motility and may be the intracellular messenger for the pH-dependent quiescence factor. Although sperm cyclic AMP levels have been previously correlated with motility stimulation, cyclic AMP levels do not change when the pH of CE fluid is elevated, even though full motility is initiated.
Modeling the Client's World: a Way to Holistic Care

This article examines the differences between wholistic nursing and holistic nursing and proposes that the latter conceptualization is more effective for contemporary nursing care. First, a brief historical overview and critique of the two concepts is given. The nursing theory, Modeling and Role-Modeling, is presented as an example of a theoretical perspective that encompasses the holistic orientation. Case examples of how this theory has been used in clinical practice are offered.
Olfactory receptor neurons are complex odorant information processors. Focus on "Excitation, inhibition, and suppression by odors in isolated toad and rat olfactory receptor neurons"

olfaction is considered to be a primitive sensory system in evolutionary terms, yet it has proven to be biologically complex. It is commonly thought that the sense of smell in humans is less developed than in most other vertebrate species, yet we are able to detect and, with training, discriminate
Second Law Optimization of Thermal Energy Storage Systems: Fundamentals and Sensible Heat Systems

Economies in the design and operation of energy conversion systems often result if some provision is made for the storage of thermal energy. Such provisions must be included in an energy conversion system when the supply of and demand for thermal energy do not coincide in time. A survey by Wood, et al [1] has revealed that a wide spectrum of opportunities exists for employing thermal energy storage systems in industrial applications. Detailed descriptions of thermal energy storage systems for industrial-, residential-, and commercial- scale applications appear elsewhere [2,3] and will not be discussed here.
Surgical management of carotid aneurysms

Objective To explore the surgical methods in the treatment of carotid aneurysms. Methods A retros-pective analysis was made on the operations and results in 21 cases with 24 carotid aneurysms. Of the 24 carotid aneurysms, 18 were true and 6 false aneurysms. Nineteen cases underwent various operations including emergency operation in 3 cases. Carotid shunting device was used in 3 cases during operation. Results 2 cases were re-operated because of the recurrence of aneurysm,and 17 cases had satisfactory outcome without complications.None died in this series in perioperative period. Conclusions For carotid aneurysms,the first choice of treatment is syrgery.Surgical treatment is relatively safe and effective.
Violence Against Women and Hmong Religious Beliefs

This chapter discusses the relationship between Hmong culture and violence against Hmong women in relation to Hmong animist beliefs. Hmong culture is grounded in animism. Spiritual and clan leaderships are held solely by men. In order for Hmong women to have a place among the Hmong, they must be tied to a spiritual clan. In order to come under the purview of a spiritual clan, a woman must be linked to a man. At birth, a woman comes under the purview of her father and his clan spirits and upon maturity, she is transferred to the clan spirits of her husband. If a woman leaves her marriage, she abandons her clan spirits and is destined to wander the earth as a lost soul after her death. Hmong believe that one must be attached to clan spirits who will eventually lead one’s soul to the land of the spirits upon death. Divorced women are not given a traditional Hmong funeral because once women leave their husbands, they leave his clan spirits, and upon their deaths, no one can facilitate their journey into the spirit world because it would go against spiritual beliefs. This is one of many reasons why female victims of domestic abuse are caught in a double bind; if they leave their husbands they are destined to wander this earth as a lost soul, however, if they stay with their abuser, they suffer continued abuse. To be culturally responsive, providers can help Hmong women forge new connections and support systems once they leave the abuser. In addition, culturally knowledgeable providers may provide education to Hmong women about the impact of traditional practices on their lives and the variety of religious and lifestyle options available to women in the USA.
Temperamental Characteristics of Withdrawn Behavior Problems in Children

Withdrawn/depressed behavior (WD) as defined by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) relates to various outcomes in developmental psychopathology such as depression, pervasive developmental disorders, and suicide. We sought to examine the temperamental characteristics of children who concurrently endorse symptoms of WD. Junior Temperament and Characteristic Inventory (JTCI) and CBCL data were collected from 397 children's parents in a family study in the northeastern United States. Linear mixed models were used to test the relations between WD and temperament dimensions (Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, Persistence) on the JTCI, while controlling for age, sex, item overlap, and co-occurring aggression and attention problems. When controlling for definitional artifact and CBCL aggressive behavior and attention scores, high harm avoidance and low reward dependence were both significant predictors of childhood withdrawn behavior. This study marks the first characterization of a temperamental profile associated with WD in children and adolescents.
A highly secured Digital Watermarking Algorithm for Binary Watermark using Lifting Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition

Huge expansion of multimedia data in internet has given rise to various unauthorized use and modification. This authenticity problem is equally a constraint in the defense information transmission along with secured transmission. Digital watermarking shows a valid solution to the above problem, since it makes possible authentication and secure transmission of confidential information or any sort of control signals. We introduce a new highly secured Digital Watermarking Algorithm especially for Binary Watermark using Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Our main motive is to keep watermark intact to the original image and also to increase the data embedding & extraction rate. We use only the LL sub-band (containing an approximation of the image) of the cover image obtained from Lifting Wavelet Transform and then apply Singular Value Decomposition to embed the binary watermark. Moreover due to usage of lifting based wavelet transform and SVD the hardware implementation is better.
International Journal of Cancer and Clinical Research- Commited to Ensure Quality Publication in Cancer Research

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Mohammed SI (2014) International Journal of Cancer and Clinical ResearchCommited to Ensure Quality Publication in Cancer Research. Int J Cancer Clin Res 1:001e Received: August 14, 2014: Accepted: August 18, 2014: Published: August 20, 2014 Copyright: © 2014 Mohammed SI. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Mohammed, Int J Cancer Clin Res 2014, 1:1
High-water-content and resilient PEG-containing hydrogels with low fibrotic response

Abstract Hydrogels such as those based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) are broadly used in biomedicine where high water contents, robust mechanical properties such as resilience and favorable interactions with the body are often simultaneously desirable. However, the mechanical properties of conventional hydrogels often degrade rapidly after swelling or with increasing water content, limiting their potential in many applications. Here we describe a new class of PEG-containing hydrogels that remain highly resilient after maximum swelling. We achieved the hydrogels by incorporating reversible “dual” hydrogen bonding into highly coiled, elastic PEG networks. These hydrogels, due to their high water content and high mechanical resilience, can form highly permeable, yet durable and easy-to-handle cell delivery devices without any additional structural support. In addition, optimization of chemical composition resulted in hydrogels with superior bio-inertness, inducing much less fibrosis upon subcutaneous implantation in mice than a polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA) hydrogel control. Statement of Significance Hydrogels such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based ones are broadly used in the biomedical world. Examples include wound dressings, tissue scaffolds, medical implants, biosensors and drug or cell delivery devices. In many of these applications, robust mechanical property, high water content (or facile mass transfer) and favorable interactions with the body are often simultaneously desirable. However, the mechanical property of hydrogels often degrades rapidly after swelling or with increasing water content. Here we report a new class of PEG-based hydrogels that simultaneously possess high water content, high mechanical resilience and low fibrotic response upon subcutaneous implantation in mice. These hydrogels may therefore find broad applications in biomedicine.
Relative dearth of 'sex differences' research in sports medicine.

A dearth of sex differences research exists in sports medicine. Although females now participate in sports medicine research, a disparity of representation still exists in the literature for female athletes. Additionally, a lack of sex difference reporting exists that ultimately leads to issues of relevancy to sex and scientific reproducibility. It is important for future research to address sex differences in research design, analysis, and report.
Building a cognitive platform for the managed IT services lifecycle

In this paper, we present IBM's cognitive strategy for service delivery transformation to a services integration approach for IT service management. This transformation is fueled by three fundamental technological paradigms: cognitive, cloud, and data and digital content. At the foundation of this approach is the IBM Services Platform with Watson—an IBM Cloud and Watson-based platform that uses machine learning, natural language, discovery, and various Watson application programming interfaces to design superior client solutions, achieve an exceptional level of autonomic service management, and facilitate a healthy "always-on " environment. It continuously learns and optimizes information technology performance to enable enhanced client business outcomes.
Sulfenylation of Human Liver and Kidney Microsomal Cytochromes P450 and Other Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes as a Response to Redox Alteration

The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides an oxidizing environment to aid in the formation of disulfide bonds, which is tightly regulated by both antioxidant proteins and small molecules. On the cytoplasmic side of the ER, cytochrome P450 (P450) proteins have been identified as a superfamily of enzymes that are important in the formation of endogenous chemicals as well as in the detoxication of xenobiotics. Our previous report described oxidative inhibition of P450 Family 4 enzymes via oxidation of the heme-thiolate cysteine to a sulfenic acid (-SOH) (Albertolle, M. E. et al. (2017) J. Biol. Chem. 292, 11230-11242). Further proteomic analyses of murine kidney and liver microsomes led to the finding that a number of other drug-metabolizing enzymes located in the ER are also redox-regulated in this manner. We expanded our analysis of sulfenylated enzymes to human liver and kidney microsomes. Evaluation of the sulfenylation, catalytic activity, and spectral properties of P450s 1A2, 2C8, 2D6, and 3A4 led to the identification of two classes of redox sensitivity in P450 enzymes: heme-thiolate-sensitive and thiol-insensitive. These findings provide evidence for a mammalian P450 regulatory mechanism, which may also be relevant to other drug-metabolizing enzymes. (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD007913.).
Fabrication of hemispherical fused silica micro-resonator with tailored stiffness and mass distribution

This paper presents initial progress toward a precision shell integrating (PSI) gyroscope designed for high Coriolis force sensitivity and high shock and vibration tolerance. We demonstrate control over the stiffness and mass distribution of a 3D hemispherical shell resonator formed with blowtorch reflow molding of fused silica (FS). The thickness profile of the resonator is designed to reduce the frequency of the n = 2 wine-glass (WG) modes and to maximize the parasitic mode frequencies, which increases shock and vibration tolerance. We simulate the dynamic reflow process with a non-isothermal finite element model, allowing us to design a substrate pattern that will reflow into the desired geometry. The PSI resonator is simulated to have a larger effective mass (M eff ) than other MEMS gyroscope resonator designs.
Neither Here nor There? How the New Geography of Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship Disadvantages African Americans

Recent research shows that the foreign born utilize both local and long-distance social relationships to become entrepreneurs, affecting immigrants’ chances at upward mobility and their contributions to economic development. Scholars have yet to assess how African American entrepreneurs take part in similar types of geographically dispersed business communities. Using multi-level social network analyses and OLS regressions to compare the geography of buyer-supplier ties originating from one immigrant neighborhood and one African American neighborhood in Chicago, this article highlights a unique mechanism that places African Americans at a disadvantage compared to immigrants: a lack of geographic diversity in African American social capital. Immigrant entrepreneurs’ social networks, unlike African Americans’ networks, connect the foreign born to more people in different places, enabling them to circumvent the limitations of their local communities and accrue more business assets. Contrary to existing research, many foreign-born business owners in this study relied on intra-national rather than local or transnational social ties. These findings challenge researchers to reevaluate the geographic foundations of immigrant and African American entrepreneurship and reexamine how ethnic minority entrepreneurship affects patterns of social stratification and economic development.
Glucocorticoids – Adverse Effects on the Nervous System

It has long been appreciated that prolonged stress or exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can have adverse effects throughout the body. In recent decades, it has become clear that these adverse effects can extend to the nervous system, particularly the hippocampus, a brain region critical to learning and memory and with an abundance of corticosteroid receptors. These effects of GCs and stress include (1) reversible atrophy of dendritic processes, (2) inhibition of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, (3) compromising of the ability to neurons to survive a variety of insults, and (4) overt neurotoxicity. This article considers the emerging insights as to the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these events, as well as the possible clinical implications (including in the realm of normative aging, treatment with exogenous GCs, Cushing's disease, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression).
Traditional Cultural Districts — An Opportunity for Alaska Tribes to Protect Subsistence and Traditional Lands

Alaska tribes have limited control over their traditional lands and waters. Tribes may increase their influence through a Traditional Cultural District designation under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. This designation does not stop development, but requires federal agencies to consult with tribes regarding potential development that may impact the district. The consultation right applies regardless of whether a tribe owns or has formally designated the district. In Alaska, where no Traditional Cultural Districts exist as of 2014, there is potential for designating large areas of land or water that correspond to the range of traditionally important species.
Novel in vitro culture and ultrastructural techniques to study the biology of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

MDS is a heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorder with trilineage dysplasia resulting in ineffective, monoclonal hematopoiesis ([Resegotti et al., 1993]). Extensive studies over the decade have led to better understanding of cell proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production and apoptosis in MDS ([Greenburg et al., 1987]; [Shetty et al., 1996]; [Clark et al., 1990]; [Yoshida et al., 1993]; [Raza et al., 1995]). However there has been limited information in the literature regarding long term bone marrow cultures and ultrastructural studies performed on MDS. In the past, it has been difficult to grow MDS bone marrow (BM) cells as the progenitor cells have a great propensity to undergo programmed cell death ([Ohmori et al., 1991]; [Aizawa et al., 1999]; [Raza et al., 1996]). On the other hand the role of electron microscopy has not been clearly established in MDS either, other than few individual cases on BM aspirate because of the failure to overcome the technical impediment of maintaining the ultrastructural details in decalcified tissues ([Guccion et al., 1992]; [Gerrad et al., 1992]; [Cohen et al., 1997]; [Payne et al., 1987]). As a result very little is known about the association between the hematopoietic cells and their microenvironment especially in a disease like MDS where both the parenchymal and stromal cells may be involved in the disease process ([Coutinho et al., 1990]; [Sawada et al., 1998])). The present chapter focuses on novel techniques where primarily the MDS core bone marrow biopsy was used to maintain long term bone marrow cultures followed by ultrastructural studies, hence preserving the BM architecture and the geographical distribution of the hematopoietic and stromal cells as they existin vivo.A number of novel and interesting observations were made which are summarized here.
Plastic Surgery Fellowship

Plastic surgery fellowship is a 3-year fellowship and is selected via a matching process through the San Francisco Match (SF Match). The matching process is completed one academic year prior to starting, usually in the month of May. There are several options in which one can pursue a career in plastic surgery, including multiple subspecialties.
Internalization assessment of E. coli O157:H7 in hydroponically grown lettuce

Abstract Hydroponics and aquaponics have been gaining popularity to grow produce. Escherichia coli O157:H7 may internalize within edible produce. This study was to investigate E. coli O157:H7 internalization in red sails lettuce in a custom designed/constructed model hydroponic system under laboratory-controlled conditions. The objective was to determine not only the likelihood and level of internalization within hydroponically-grown lettuce but also potentially facilitated internalization with injured lettuce roots. The hydroponic tank was contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) at 5-log CFU/mL. Roots of randomly selected plants were damaged by cutting either two- or three-times (two experimental treatment groups). Experimental control did not have root damage. Following lettuce harvest and surface decontamination, E. coli was enumerated on 3-M petrifilm™ EC. Internalized E. coli was detected at 2.4 ± 0.7, 4.0 ± 1.9, and 3.3 ± 1.3 log CFU/g in control, lettuce with two-, and three-cuts to their roots, respectively. Root injury showed a trend (p > 0.05) towards increasing E. coli internalization. Two-vs. three-cuts to roots did not (p > 0.05) affect E. coli internalization, although it showed 0.9-log CFU/g of a numerical difference. The highest level of internalized E. coli was detected at 4.7 log CFU/g in a lettuce plant that received two cuts to its root system.
How Do Early Psychosis Services Define and Operationalize the Duration of Untreated Psychosis

Reducing the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is a key aim of early psychosis (EP) care. However, substantial variability in how the start and end points of DUP are defined impact its utility in clinical decision-making, and as an outcome measure. In this study, qualitative interviews were conducted with providers to assess how EP services and providers define, operationalize, and measure DUP. Twenty-five providers across 14 clinics were interviewed. Participants emphasized symptom frequency, conviction, distress caused, and impact when determining psychosis onset. DUP endpoint was typically identified as the first assessment in an episode of care that included an accurate diagnosis, leading to specialty EP treatment. Participants proposed a more structured operationalization of DUP, relative to those historically adopted in the literature. Integrating front-line provider perspectives could improve the accuracy of DUP measurement and address the heterogeneity in how the construct is operationalized across research and practice.
Employee voice and silence: a bibliometric analysis of the literature

Employee voice and silence as constructs have received substantial research efforts for over four decades primarily in the work-focused academic literatures. However, we are concerned that these terms are being used across many disciplines with little cohesion as to meaning. By examining the extant literature using bibliometric techniques, we hope to make a contribution in better defining their usages and describing the underlying structure of the employee voice and silence literature. We examine 376 articles, notes and book chapters derived from the Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science. Using advanced bibliometric mapping tools, we plot the intellectual base and research front of the voice and silence literature. Our findings indicate that employee silence and employee voice are terms that are largely claimed by the organisational behaviour (OB) and human resource management (HRM) literatures. Further, these terms are defined much more narrowly than in the literature from the industrial relations or employment relations (ER) disciplines.
Impact of one-day course on medical student knowledge, attitudes and comfort with point-of-care ultrasound-guided procedures.

Introduction Given the ubiquity of procedural ultrasound in clinical practice, the importance of exposing medical students to the topic is increasingly relevant. We examined final-year medical student knowledge, attitudes and comfort level with procedural ultrasound before and after a one-day course. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional survey of final-year students at a single university. We collected data regarding ultrasound experience, career goals and knowledge of procedural ultrasound, as well as attitudes and comfort (each assessed with three questions using a Likert scale). All students were sent a pre- and post-test survey, and we compared pre- and post-test results using the chi-square test, with a two-tailed P-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results All of the 94 course participants completed both the pre- and post-tests. Of the 23 non-participants, 16 (70%) completed both pre- and post-tests. Almost all (99%) respondents reported some prior ultrasound exposure, but only 34% had previously performed at least one core procedure with ultrasound guidance. Among participants, we found a 13% average increase in knowledge score (P < 0.05) between pre- and post-tests; there was no significant change in knowledge score among non-participants. Among participants, we also found an increase in positive attitudes (P < 0.05 for two of three questions) and an increased comfort level with procedural ultrasound (P < 0.05 for all three questions). Discussion A one-day course can impact medical student knowledge, attitudes and comfort with the use of ultrasound for procedural guidance. Conclusion Further research is needed to assess long-term outcomes and explore alternative educational modalities.
A school-based mentoring program developing healthy behaviors of adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A pilot feasibility study

Abstract Background Studies have reported that adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have a higher prevalence of obesity due to medication intake, poor diet, and physical inactivity. More importantly, they lack awareness and comprehension to prevent weight problems. Thereby, health-promoting practices should be offered in schools for adolescents with IDD. Objective/Hypothesis This pilot study examined the feasibility of a school-based intervention using the I Can Do It! (ICDI) national health promotion model to promote healthy behaviors of adolescents with IDD. Methods A pretest-posttest design was employed. Fourteen adolescents (9 males, 5 females) aged 12–15 years (mean = 13.4, SD = 0.9) from self-contained classrooms completed a 14-week intervention (60–70 min/session) over 4-month period. Healthy behaviors were evaluated by body composition (waist circumference and BMI z-score), physical activity level and nutrition behaviors. Results Body composition did not change as a result of the intervention. The intervention increased the amount of time spent in physical activity, but not the frequency. In contrast, the children's water consumption did significantly increase after the intervention (d = 3.39). The amount of fruit and vegetables also significantly increased after the intervention, where only 7% reported eating these daily before the intervention and afterwards 86% reported eating fruits and vegetables daily (p Conclusions The results demonstrate that it is feasible to conduct a goal-driven, mentor-based intervention in school for adolescents with IDD. While preliminary effectiveness results are promising, future research should focus on rigorously testing the effectiveness of the ICDI model and examining the programs long-term sustainability.
The Use of Peripheral Nerve Stimulators for Regional Anesthesia A Review of Experimental Characteristics, Technique, and Clinical Applications

An increasing number of patients undergoing surgery or with acute or chronic pain receive nerve blocks for analgesia currently. The continued popularity of regional anesthesia will depend upon a high success rate of the blocks. The peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) can aid in achieving this success rate. This review article describes the electrophysiology of peripheral nerve stimulation, desirable characteristics of nerve stimulators, efficacy of presently available nerve stimulators and sheathed and unsheathed needles. Furthermore, success with the use of the nerve stimulator requires sound knowledge of anatomy of the region to be blocked and innervation of the muscle groups involved in addition to learning the correct techniques of peripheral nerve stimulation. Failure of nerve blocks using PNS is usually due to incorrect techniques of nerve stimulation.