cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual Genetic Pathways Controlling Nodule Number in Medicago truncatula

We report the isolation and characterization of a new Medicago truncatula hyper-nodulation mutant, designated sunn (super numeric nodules). Similar to the previously described ethylene-insensitive mutant sickle, sunn exhibits a 10-fold increase in the number of nodules within the primary nodulation zone. Despite this general similarity, these two mutants are readily distinguished based on anatomical, genetic, physiological, and molecular criteria. In contrast to sickle, where insensitivity to ethylene is thought to be causal to the hyper-nodulation phenotype (R.V. Penmetsa, D.R. Cook [1997] Science 275: 527-530), nodulation in sunn is normally sensitive to ethylene. Nevertheless, sunn exhibits seedling root growth that is insensitive to ethylene, although other aspects of the ethylene triple response are normal; these observations suggest that hormonal responses might condition the sunn phenotype in a manner distinct from sickle. The two mutants also differ in the anatomy of the nodulation zone: Successful infection and nodule development in sunn occur predominantly opposite xylem poles, similar to wild type. In sickle, however, both infection and nodulation occur randomly throughout the circumference of the developing root. Genetic analysis indicates that sunn and sickle correspond to separate and unlinked loci, whereas the sunn/skl double mutant exhibits a novel and additive super-nodulation phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest a working hypothesis wherein sunn and sickle define distinct genetic pathways, with skl regulating the number and distribution of successful infection events, and sunn regulating nodule organogenesis.
Ultraviolet Quartz Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter Wavelength Selection for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

A quartz acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is utilized as a wavelength selection device for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). System design is detailed. Fundamental characterizations indicate that the useful spectral range exceeds the 206 to 405 nm range. Wavelength calibration is extremely accurate with the correlation coefficient of the ICP atomic emission wavelength/inverse frequency plot exceeding 0.999999. Bandpasses were measured as 0.06 nm at 226 nm and 0.36 nm at 405 nm. These values are comparable to those of a moderate-resolution monochromator. The system was characterized with 12 metals: Ag, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Eu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, and Pb. Detection limits are in the single to tens of ng/mL range for many metals. Linearity is demonstrated from lower concentration ranges near the detection limit.
Propagation in a two-dimensional periodic random medium with inhomogeneous particle distribution

The behavior of electromagnetic waves when propagating in a periodic random medium, such as a row-structured canopy, is considered. The semideterministic character of the particle distributions is represented by nonuniform extinction and phase matrices and the problem is formulated by the radiative transfer equation. Solution of the radiative transfer equation is pursued both iteratively and by using a numerical technique, based on the discrete-ordinate approximation and Taylor series expansion. It is shown that the numerical solution for the periodic canopy is computationally efficient, and a closed-form for the first-order solution (iterative approach) of the radiative transfer equation is obtained for periodic cases. The analytical and numerical results are compared with transmission measurements at L- and C-band frequencies for a corn canopy for a variety of canopy conditions, with good agreement. >
Ambivalent Relationship Qualities Between Adults and Their Parents: Implications for the Well-Being of Both Parties

This study considered whether intergenerational ambivalence has implications for each party's psychological well-being and physical health. Participants included 158 families (N = 474) with a mother, a father, and a son or daughter aged 22 to 49 years. Actor-partner interaction models revealed that parents and offspring who self-reported greater ambivalence showed poorer psychological well-being. Partner reports of ambivalence were associated with poorer physical health. When fathers reported greater ambivalence, offspring reported poorer physical health. When grown children reported greater ambivalence, mothers reported poorer physical health. Fathers and offspring who scored lower in neuroticism showed stronger associations between ambivalence and well-being. Findings suggest that parents or offspring may experience greater ambivalence when the other party is in poorer health and that personality moderates associations between relationship qualities and well-being.
Individual-Cultural Transactions: Implications for the Mental Health of Rural Elders:

Little is known ofthe ways that individual-cultural transactions affect the mental health of older adults, particularly those residing in rural environments. Using race and ethnicity as primary cultural constructs, this article describes why it is important to unpack the usual definers of culture and mental health to understand their multiple meanings for individuals targeted by rural researchers and practitioners. Three psychological approaches of great promise for this effort are illustrated. These include Phinney's focus on multiple meanings of ethnicity within the developing individual, Kleinman's ethnopsychiatric research examining how local cultures actively shape the experience and interpretation of illness (as distinct from disease), and Gutmann's theory ofgeropsychiatric pathology linking culturation and deculturation to healthy and degradative psychological outcomes among older adults. Implications of the work of these three researchers for rural mental health researchers and practitioners are offered.
Reducing Verification Complexity of a Multicore Coherence Protocol Using Assume/Guarantee

We illustrate how to employ metacircular assume/ guarantee reasoning to reduce the verification complexity of finite instances of protocols for safety, using nothing more than an explicit state model checker. The formal underpinnings of our method are based on establishing a simulation relation between the given protocol M, and several overapproximations thereof, \tilde M_1,..., \tilde M_k. Each \tilde M_i simulates M, and represents one "view" of it. The \tilde M_{i}s depend on each other both to define the abstractions as well as to justify them.We show that in case of our hierarchical coherence protocol, its designer could easily construct each of the \tilde M_i in a counterexample guided manner. This approach is practical, considerably reduces the verification complexity, and has been successfully applied to a complex hierarchical multicore cache coherence protocol which could not be verified through traditional model checking.
Clival keloid after nasopharyngeal radium irradiation masquerading as skull base malignancy.

Objectives/Hypothesis Nonchordomatous lesions of the clivus are rare entities. Nasopharyngeal radium irradiation (NRI) treatment consists of application of radium to the posterior nasopharynx near the orifice of the Eustachian tubes, an area adjacent to the clivus. Here we present a unique case of a patient with a history of NRI 70 years prior to presentation with a space-occupying clival lesion suspicion for a skull-based malignancy. This lesion was resected using an endoscopic endonasal approach. Histopathological analysis revealed a clival keloid, an entity not previously reported in the literature. Laryngoscope, 124:1767–1770, 2014
Psychology Is a Science: At Least Some Students Think So

The American Psychological Association's (2007) curricular guidelines recommend that students develop both an understanding of how psychologists do research and an appreciation for why scientific thinking is necessary. We surveyed a large sample of psychology majors on specific interests, as well as individual difference variables relevant to scientific thinking. Our results suggest that over time, students' knowledge of scientific thinking increased, whereas their tendency to see psychology as a science did not. Further, students reported greater interest in practitioner activities than scientific ones, and these divergent interests were associated with differential ways of thinking and of viewing the field of psychology. We discuss some implications for conceptualizing undergraduate instruction given that some student characteristics are more malleable than others.
Chemomechanical evolution of pore space in carbonate microstructures upon dissolution: Linking pore geometry to bulk elasticity

One of the challenges faced today in a variety of geophysical applications is the need to understand the changes of elastic properties due to time-variant chemomechanical processes. The objective of this work is to model carbonate rock elastic properties as functions of pore geometry changes that occur when the solid matrix is dissolved by carbon dioxide. We compared two carbonate microstructures: porous micrite (“mudstone”) and grain-supported carbonate (“packstone”). We formulated a mathematical model that distinguishes the effects of microporosity and macroporosity on stiffness changes. We used measures of mechanical and chemical porosity changes recorded during injection tests to compute elastic moduli and compare them to moduli obtained from wave velocity measurements. In mudstones, both experimental and numerical results indicate that bulk moduli change by less than 5%. The evolution of elastic moduli is controlled by macropore enlargement. In packstones, model predictions underestimate changes of elastic moduli with total porosity by 10% to 80%. The total porosity variation is 60% to 75% smaller than the chemical porosity variation, which indicates that pore expansion due to dissolution is counterbalanced by pore shrinkage due to compaction. Packstone elastic properties are controlled by grain sliding. The methodology presented in this paper can be generalized to other chemomechanical processes studied in rocks, such as dislocations, glide, diffusive mass transfer, recrystallization, and precipitation.
Multiple Imputation for Threshold-Crossing Data with Interval Censoring

STATISTICS IN MEDICINE, VOL. 12, 1589-1603 (1993) MULTIPLE IMPUTATION FOR THRESHOLD-CROSSING DATA WITH INTERVAL CENSORING FREDERICK J. DOREY Diuision c?f Orthopaedir Surgery, UCLA School of’ Medicine, Los Angeles. C A 90024, U.S.A RODERICK J. A. LITTLE Depurtnrent of Biomuthemutics. UCLA School c Medicine, Las Angeles. C A 90024, U.S. A f AND NATHANIEL SCHENKER Depurtment of Biostatbtirs. UCLA School of’ Public Heulrh, Los Angeles, C A YVO24-I 772, l7.S.A SUMMARY Medical statistics often involve measurements of the time when a variable crosses a threshold value. The time to threshold crossing may be the outcome variable in a survival analysis, or a time-dependent covariate in the analysis of a subsequent event. This paper presents new methods for analysing threshold-crossing data that are interval censored in that the time of threshold crossing is known only within a specified interval. Such data typically arise in event-history studies when the threshold is crossed at some time between data-collection points, such as visits to a clinic. We propose methods based on multiple imputation of the threshold-crossing time with use of models that take into account values recorded at the times of visits. We apply the methods to two real data sets, one involving hip replacements and the other on the prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay for prostate cancer. In addition, we compare our methods with the common practice of imputing the threshold-crossing time as the right endpoint of the interval. The two examples require different imputation models, but both lead to simple analyses of the multiply imputed data that automatically take into account variability due to imputation. 1. INTRODUCTION Frequently in medicine, patients are considered in a new risk category when they cross a threshold on some prognostic variable. Because patient examinations occur only periodically, the exact time of crossing the threshold is often unknown. In such cases, one knows only that the time falls within a specified interval; that is, the threshold crossing is ‘interval censored’. An example of interval-censored threshold-crossing data that we consider in this paper involves hip replacements. The routine follow-up of patients who have received a total hip arthroplasty includes an evaluation of radiographs for the presence of radiolucent lines between the prosthesis and the cement interface. Although some lines frequently appear soon after surgery, substantial lines of a specified magnitude indicate that the prosthesis has begun to loosen from the cement and that the patient has an increased risk of an eventual clinical condition, such as severe pain or fracture, that may necessitate revision surgery with insertion of a new prosthesis. The crossing of this threshold by the radiolucent lines typically results in a closer surveillance of 0 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Received January I992 Revised December 1992
A Hybrid Geocoding Methodology for Spatio‐Temporal Data

As tools for collecting data continue to evolve and improve, the information available for research is expanding rapidly. Increasingly, this information is of a spatio-temporal nature, which enables tracking of phenomena through both space and time. Despite the increasing availability of spatio-temporal data, however, the methods for processing and analyzing these data are lacking. Existing geocoding techniques are no exception. Geocoding enables the geographic location of people and events to be known and tracked. However, geocoded information is highly generalized and subject to various interpolation errors. In addition, geocoding for spatio-temporal data is especially challenging because of the inherent dynamism of associated data. This article presents a methodology for geocoding spatio-temporal data in ArcGIS that utilizes several additional supporting procedures to enhance spatial accuracy, including the use of supplementary land use information, aerial photographs and local knowledge. This hybrid methodology allows for the tracking of phenomenon through space and over time. It is also able to account for reporting inconsistencies, which is a common feature of spatio-temporal data. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated using an application to spatio-temporal address records for a highly mobile group of convicted felons in Hamilton County, Ohio.
Soft-Link Spectral Clustering for Information Extraction

Unsupervised spectral clustering methods can yield good performance when identifying crisp clusters with low complexity since the learning algorithm does not rely on finding the local minima of an objective function and rather use spectral properties of the graph. Nonetheless, the performance of such approaches are usually affected by their uncertain parameters. Using the underlying structure of a general spectral clustering method, in this paper a new soft-link spectral clustering algorithm is introduced to identify clusters based on fuzzy k-nearest neighbor approach. We construct a soft weight matrix of a graph by identifying the upper and lower boundaries of learning parameters of the similarity function, specifically the fuzzifier parameter (fuzziness) of the Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The algorithm allows perturbations on the graph Laplace during the learning stage by the changes on these learning parameters. With the empirical analysis using an artificial and a real textual entailment dataset, we demonstrate that our initial hypothesis of implementing soft links can improve the classification performance of final outcome.
Investigating the Relationship Between Linguistic Representation and Computation through an Unsupervised Model of Human Morphology Learning

We develop an unsupervised algorithm for morphological acquisition to investigate the relationship between linguistic representation, data statistics, and learning algorithms. We model the phenomenon that children acquire the morphological inflections of a language monotonically by introducing an algorithm that uses a bootstrapped, frequency-driven learning procedure to acquire rules monotonically. The algorithm learns a morphological grammar in terms of a Base and Transforms representation, a simple rule-based model of morphology. When tested on corpora of child-directed speech in English from CHILDES (MacWhinney in The CHILDES-Project: Tools for analyzing talk. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, 2000), the algorithm learns the most salient rules of English morphology and the order of acquisition is similar to that of children as observed by Brown (A first language: the early stages. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1973). Investigations of statistical distributions in corpora reveal that the algorithm is able to acquire morphological grammars due to its exploitation of Zipfian distributions in morphology through type-frequency statistics. These investigations suggest that the computation and frequency-driven selection of discrete morphological rules may be important factors in children's acquisition of basic inflectional morphological systems.
Four Questions For Analyzing The Right-Versus-Right Dilemmas Of Managers

Ethics dilemmas are different than moral temptations. The former involve right-versus-right problems. The latter are right-versus-wrong problems. Although both problems are found in business, ethics dilemmas can be defining moments in the lives of managers, where professional responsibilities collide with personal values. In this case study, students use four questions developed by Badaracco (1992) as a framework for analyzing and resolving real ethical dilemmas.
Dynamics of CO2 fluxes and concentrations during a shallow subsurface CO2 release.

A field facility located in Bozeman, Montana provides the opportunity to test methods to detect, locate, and quantify potential CO2 leakage from geologic storage sites. From 9 July to 7 August 2008, 0.3 t CO2 day−1 were injected from a 100-m long, ~2.5-m deep horizontal well. Repeated measurements of soil CO2 fluxes on a grid characterized the spatio-temporal evolution of the surface leakage signal and quantified the surface leakage rate. Infrared CO2 concentration sensors installed in the soil at 30 cm depth at 0–10 m from the well and at 4 cm above the ground at 0 and 5 m from the well recorded surface breakthrough of CO2 leakage and migration of CO2 leakage through the soil. Temporal variations in CO2 concentrations were correlated with atmospheric and soil temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, and CO2 injection rate.
Raising Darwin’s consciousness

Sociobiologists and feminists agree that men in patriarchal social systems seek to control females, but sociobiologists go further, using Darwin’s theory of sexual selection and Trivers’s ideas on parental investment to explain why males should attempt to control female sexuality. From this perspective, the stage for the development under some conditions of patriarchal social systems was set over the course of primate evolution. Sexual selection encompasses both competition between males and female choice. But in applying this theory to our “lower origins” (prehominid ancestors), Darwin assumed that choices were made by essentially “coy” females. I argue here that female solicitation of multiple males (either simultaneously or sequentially, depending on the breeding system) characterized prehominid females; this prehominid legacy of cyclical sexual assertiveness, itself possibly a female counter-strategy to male efforts to control the timing of female reproduction, generated further male counter-strategies. This dialectic had important implications for emerging hominid mating systems, human evolution, and the development of patriarchal arrangements in some human societies. For hominid males who will invest in offspring, there would be powerful selection for emotions, behaviors, and customs that ensure them certainty of paternity. The sexual modesty that so struck Darwin can be explained as a recent evolved or learned (perhaps both) adaptation in women to avoid penalties imposed by patrilines on daughters and mates who failed to conform to the patriline’s prevailing norms for their sex. Other supposedly innate universals, such as female preferences for wealthy husbands, are also likely to be facultative accommodations by women to constraints set up when patrilines monopolized resources needed by females to survive and reproduce, and passed on intergenerational control of these resources preferentially to sons.
Vector-meson contributions to the processes gamma gamma --> pi 0 pi 0, pi + pi -, KL--> pi 0 gamma gamma, and K+--> pi + gamma gamma.

We implement standard chiral perturbation theory to O(${p}^{4}$) by adding vector mesons. We show that it leads to a good agreement of the prediction for \ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$) with experiments and the vector mesons unitarize the chiral amplitude in an effective way. We also consider ${K}_{L}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}, including the effect of vector mesons, and obtain a very distinct spectrum for two photons. Also, their effects on \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathbf{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and ${K}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma} are briefly discussed.
The Immature Stages and Larval Anatomy of Anomala Kansana H. and McC. (Scarabæidæ, Coleop.).

During the course of a series of life-history studies of the Scarabaeidae at the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan, Kansas, an opportunity was presented to assemble a fairly representative series of reared specimens of the immature stages of the common representatives of that family of insects occurring in the region. These have been accumulated with the intention of presenting, sometime in the future, a detailed morphological study which may aid in elucidating characters sufficiently reliable to enable the various larvae to be recognized without resorting to rearing. Considerable progress along that line has been made which ultimately may produce the results desired.
The Influence of Psychological Factors on the Michigan Hand Questionnaire

Background: Psychosocial factors help account for the gap between impairment and disability. This study examines the relationship between the Michigan Hand Questionnaire (MHQ) and commonly used psychological measures in patients with upper extremity illness. Methods: A cohort of 135 new or follow-up patients presenting to an urban academic hospital-based hand surgeon were invited to complete a web-based version of the MHQ, Abbreviated Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and two Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-based questionnaires: Pain Interference and Depression. Bivariate and multivariable analyses measured the correlation of these psychological measures with MHQ. Results: Accounting for potential confounding factors in multivariable regression, upper extremity disability as rated by the MHQ was independently associated with PROMIS Depression, PROMIS Pain Interference, visit type, and working status. The model accounted for 37% of the variability in MHQ scores, with PROMIS Pain Interference having the most influence. Conclusion: Among the non-pathophysiological factors that contribute to patient-to-patient variation in MHQ scores, the measure of less effective coping strategies and symptoms of depression were most influential. Our data add to the evidence of the pivotal role of emotional health in upper extremity symptoms and limitations and the importance of psychosocial considerations in the care of hand illness.
Creating New Futures: Settling Children and Youth from Refugee Backgrounds, edited by Mary Crock

Creating New Futures: Settling Children and Youth from Refugee Backgrounds Edited by Mary Crock Sydney: Federation, 2015, pp. 313
Nonreciprocal mechanisms in up- and downregulation of spinal motoneuron excitability by modulators of KCNQ/Kv7 channels

KCNQ/Kv7 channels form a slow noninactivating K+ current, also known as the M current. They activate in the subthreshold range of membrane potentials and regulate different aspects of excitability in neurons of the central nervous system. In spinal motoneurons (MNs), KCNQ/Kv7 channels have been identified in the somata, axonal initial segment, and nodes of Ranvier, where they generate a slow, noninactivating, K+ current sensitive to both muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition and KCNQ/Kv7 channel blockers. In this study, we thoroughly reevaluated the function of up- and downregulation of KCNQ/Kv7 channels in mouse immature spinal MNs. Using electrophysiological techniques together with specific pharmacological modulators of the activity of KCNQ/Kv7 channels, we show that enhancement of the activity of these channels decreases the excitability of spinal MNs in mouse neonates. This action on MNs results from a combination of hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, a decrease in the input resistance, and depolarization of the voltage threshold. On the other hand, the effect of inhibition of KCNQ/Kv7 channels suggested that these channels play a limited role in regulating basal excitability. Computer simulations confirmed that pharmacological enhancement of KCNQ/Kv7 channel activity decreases excitability and also suggested that the effects of inhibition of KCNQ/Kv7 channels on the excitability of spinal MNs do not depend on a direct effect in these neurons but likely on spinal cord synaptic partners. These results indicate that KCNQ/Kv7 channels have a fundamental role in the modulation of the excitability of spinal MNs acting both in these neurons and in their local presynaptic partners.
The Robbins Critique

In 1932, some three years after Lionel Robbins was appointed Professor of Economics at LSE, he published his first book: An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science.1 It was also the first methodological treatise by a British economist since John Neville Keynes’ The Scope and Method of Political Economy in 1890. Unadorned by complex arguments or arcane technique, the Essay was lucid, tendentious, blunt, confident, and rhetorically somewhat disingenuous — Robbins presented his unorthodox ideas as if they were standard fare, drawn from the accumulated wisdom of economics. The rhetorical ploy had little effect, and the Essay stimulated considerable controversy. Much of the attention centred on his critique of the scientific legitimacy of welfare economics, one of the fields in the territory he called ‘applied economics’ (Robbins 1932, 121, 125).2 Robbins would be satisfied by nothing less than a Carthaginian peace: welfare economics should be banished from the positive or empirical domain of economic science and relegated to the policy judgements of political economy. He advanced his arguments in an informal, discursive fashion, making no effort to distinguish various grounds on which he found it wanting. Examination of his last chapter shows that he regarded its scientific credentials as irredeemably defective in four respects.
The Bishop Controversy

Considering the origins of the American Revolution, John Adams wrote in 1815, ‘the apprehension of Episcopacy contributed fifty years ago, as much as any other cause, to arouse the attention … of the common people.’1 Indeed, significant religious forces helped to shape the American Revolution, including eighteenth-century revivalism, controversy over the possible creation of colonial Anglican bishops, and Parliament’s enactment of the Quebec Act in 1774.2 To one pamphleteer, the Quebec Act, in conjunction with the other Coercive Acts, demonstrated that Britain was implementing ‘a settled fix’d plan for inslaving the colonies, or bringing them under arbitrary government.’3 A decade earlier, rumors proliferated that the British government intended to undermine religious and civil liberties by establishing a colonial Anglican episcopate.
Case 3: An Epidural Blood Patch – What Went Wrong?

A 27-year-old woman para 2 (86 kg and 161 cm) had an accidental dural puncture at L3–4 spinal interspace during placement of an epidural for labor pain. The next attempt at L2–3 interspace was successful and the epidural analgesia for labor and delivery worked very well. She was discharged home with her baby 2 days later.
Ginzburg-Landau free energy for molecular fluids: Determination and coarse-graining

Abstract Using molecular simulation, we determine Ginzburg-Landau free energy functions for molecular fluids. To this aim, we extend the Expanded Wang-Landau method to calculate the partition functions, number distributions and Landau free energies for Ar, CO 2 and H 2 O . We then parametrize a coarse-grained free energy function of the density order parameter and assess the performance of this free energy function on its ability to model the onset of criticality in these systems. The resulting parameters can be readily used in hybrid atomistic/continuum simulations that connect the microscopic and mesoscopic length scales.
SELECTION OF INVENTORY CONTROL POINTS IN MULTISTAGE PULL SYSTEMS

Abstract This paper considers a multistage, serial production system using pull control for discrete parts manufacturing. A model is developed to locate inventory control points, i.e. where in the multistage sequence to locate the output buffers. Allowable container/batch sizes, optimal inventory levels, and ability of systems to automatically adjust to stochastic demand depend on the location of these control points. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for ensuring that a single, end-of-line accumulation point is optimal. When this is not the case, an algorithm is provided to determine the optimal control points.
Design, construction, and testing of a supercapacitive swing adsorption module for CO2 separation

We present a device which is able to separate gases from a gas stream using supercapacitive energy. When a small bias (1 V) is applied to the electrodes and a CO2/N2 mixture is fed through the device, carbon dioxide is selectively adsorbed to those electrodes, and N2 leaves the device in a purified form. When the module is discharged, the CO2 is quantitatively desorbed, and leaves the device in a concentrated form. A single module is able to concentrate CO2 from 15% in the feed gas to 46% in the effluent gas. The energy invested to charge the electrodes can be largely recovered upon discharge. At a charging current of 1 mA an energy recovery rate of 78% can be reached and the associated total energy consumption of the device is 57 kJ mol−1.
Thy1 (CD90) Expression Is Elevated in Radiation-Induced Periprosthetic Capsular Contracture: Implication for Novel Therapeutics.

Background Capsular contracture is a devastating complication of postmastectomy implant-based breast reconstruction. Unfortunately, capsular contracture rates are drastically increased by targeted radiotherapy, a standard postmastectomy treatment. Thy1 (also called CD90) is important in myofibroblast differentiation and scar tissue formation. However, the impact of radiotherapy on Thy1 expression and the role of Thy1 in capsular contracture are unknown. Methods The authors analyzed Thy1 expression in primary human capsular tissue and primary fibroblast explants by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Thy1 was depleted using RNA interference to determine whether Thy1 expression was essential for the myofibroblast phenotype in capsular fibroblasts. Furthermore, human capsular fibroblasts were treated with a new antiscarring compound, salinomycin, to determine whether Thy1 expression and myofibroblast formation were blocked by salinomycin. Results In this article, the authors show that radiation therapy significantly increased Thy1 mRNA and protein expression in periimplant scar tissue. Capsular fibroblasts explanted from scar tissue retained the ability to make the myofibroblast-produced scar-forming components collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin. Depletion of Thy1 decreased the fibrotic morphology of capsular fibroblasts and significantly decreased α-smooth muscle actin and collagen levels. Furthermore, the authors show for the first time that salinomycin decreased Thy1 expression and prevented myofibroblast formation in capsular fibroblasts. Conclusions These data reveal that ionizing radiation-induced Thy1 overexpression may contribute to increased capsular contracture severity, and fibroblast scar production can be ameliorated through targeting Thy1 expression. Importantly, the authors' new results show promise for the antiscarring ability of salinomycin in radiation-induced capsular contracture. Clincal question/level of evidence Therapeutic, V.
Police officers' volunteering for (rather than being assigned to) Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training: Evidence for a beneficial self-selection effect.

Officers' volunteering for Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training—rather than being assigned—is assumed to be an important, beneficial self-selection bias. This bias remains poorly characterized, though CIT officers are more likely to be female and to have had exposure to the mental health field. We determined whether or not self-selection is beneficial with regard to knowledge, attitudes, and skills, as well as level of force used (i.e., no or low force versus any form of physical force) and disposition of subjects, in actual encounters. We compared CIT-trained officers who had volunteered with those who had been assigned using data from two prior, linked studies that compared CIT-trained and non-CIT officers on knowledge, attitudes, and skills (251 CIT-trained officers; 68% had volunteered), as well as behaviors (517 actual encounters provided by 91 CIT-trained officers; 70% had volunteered). Of 28 scores on knowledge, attitudes, and skills compared, six were statistically significantly different (p < .01) and another eight were marginally significant (.01 < p < .05). Furthermore, although CIT officers who had volunteered were more likely to report use of some form of physical force as we had defined it (which included the use of handcuffs), when they did so they were more likely to refer to treatment services and less likely to make an arrest. These effects were apparent even when taking into account effects of gender, having had exposure to the mental health field, empathy, and other covariates. In conclusion, we found evidence for benefits of self-selection/volunteering that should be further characterized, as it appears to be associated with better outcomes with regard to key attitudes, skills, and behaviors.
Impact of Statin Intake on Kidney Stone Formation

Objective To determine whether statin intake affects nephrolithiasis risk, and whether higher lipid levels correlate with stone risk. Dyslipidemia is a known independent risk factor for urolithiasis, and emerging evidence suggests common biological pathways. Previous work has suggested that statins protect against new stone formation, but these findings have not been verified by other investigators. Methods We queried our Institution's Electronic Data Warehouse for all patients who were newly diagnosed with hyperlipidemia between 2009 and 2011, and had never taken a statin drug. These patients' clinical outcomes were followed until 2015, to assess whether they had been newly prescribed statins and whether they had developed symptomatic urolithiasis. Patient demographics, stone risk factors, prescription data, and serum lipid values were collected. Results A total of 101,259 patients met inclusion criteria, 47.8% of whom received a statin prescription during the study period. Patients prescribed statins were significantly older, had a greater likelihood of osteoporosis, hemiplegia, immobility, and more likely to take a thiazide diuretic. Patients without a history of urolithiasis who were started on statin therapy were significantly less likely to develop new stones than patients not taking statins. This protective effect was even greater in patients with a history of stone disease. Lipid parameters (low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, cholesterol) were lower in the statin-treated group, suggesting overall compliance with these medications. Conclusion Our data confirm previous work that statins protect against urinary stone formation; however, the underlying mechanism seems to be distinct from statins' lipid-lowering effect.
The Discovery Of High-TC Superconductivity And Its Decisive Circumstances

The early work in Ruschlikon which led to the discovery of high-Tc superconductivity is described. Some unsuccessful attempts are also discussed. In addition, the guiding ideas that finally led to the cuprates will be presented, while background information together with personal experiences will shed light onto the circumstances and the environment that made this breakthrough possible.
Experimental Studies of Evolutionary Dynamics in Microbes

Evolutionary dynamics in laboratory microbial evolution experiments can be surprisingly complex. In the past two decades, observations of these dynamics have challenged simple models of adaptation and have shown that clonal interference, hitchhiking, ecological diversification, and contingency are widespread. In recent years, advances in high-throughput strain maintenance and phenotypic assays, the dramatically reduced cost of genome sequencing, and emerging methods for lineage barcoding have made it possible to observe evolutionary dynamics at unprecedented resolution. These new methods can now begin to provide detailed measurements of key aspects of fitness landscapes and of evolutionary outcomes across a range of systems. These measurements can highlight challenges to existing theoretical models and guide new theoretical work towards the complications that are most widely important.
Testing market response to auditor change filings: A comparison of machine learning classifiers

Abstract The use of textual information contained in company filings with the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC), including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, has gained the increased attention of finance and accounting researchers. In this paper we use a set of machine learning methods to predict the market response to changes in a firm's auditor as reported in public filings. We vectorize the text of 8-K filings to test whether the resulting feature matrix can explain the sign of the market response to the filing. Specifically, using classification algorithms and a sample consisting of the Item 4.01 text of 8-K documents, which provides information on changes in auditors of companies that are registered with the SEC, we predict the sign of the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) around 8-K filing dates. We report the correct classification performance and time efficiency of the classification algorithms. Our results show some improvement over the naive classification method.
Indoor Navigation System Using Acoustic Cuing for Visually Impaired People

Guiding visually impaired people autonomously is a challenging task. One of the major challenges is interfacing with visually impaired people efficiently. Sighted people are able to perceive information through their visions. Therefore, most human-computer interfaces are graphic based. These interfaces provide no help for visually impaired users. Existing UIs (User Interface) designed for visually impaired people are inadequate in terms of efficiency. A typical UI designed for visually impaired people helps its users using verbal cues. To be more specific, through a series of descriptive language, all information is passed to its users sequentially. In some applications, visually impaired users need to be updated constantly with information of their surroundings. Descriptive verbal cues might be insufficient when surroundings of users are constantly changing. In this paper, an UI using acoustic cues will be introduced. Unlike sequential verbal cues, acoustic cues can update its users constantly, therefore more adaptive to changing environments. To demonstrate the advantage of such acoustic cuing UI, an indoor object localization system was built. Regardless the complexity of the scenes, the proposed UI can always update its users in real-time using acoustic cues. The rules for generating such cues will be presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the UI will be discussed.
An Invitation to Globalize the Information Literacy Agenda: Expanding Discourse.

This paper attempts to investigate and discuss concepts of information literacy (IL) in light of global challenges to information access, the pervasiveness of educational inequalities, and the culture of informality that affects information consumers across spectrums around the world. We explore the possibility that these factors suggest a need to refine IL as a way of increasing its impact for the everyday citizen and expanding its mostly inside-the-classroom effect. We also propose the need to investigate the role of social media in normalizing misinformation and disinformation for everyday citizens in developing nations – what the authors see as dysfunctional information scenarios (DIS), where the majority of news is retrieved through contaminated channels. In turn these problems erode the basic principles of both democracy and IL and point to a need for IL educators to do more to expand the reach of information literacies across socioeconomic, cultural and political divides.
Three-dimensional single-molecule tracking in living cells

Abstract This chapter reviews recent progress in single molecule 3D tracking in living cells. It begins with a historical overview of single particle tracking methods, moving to discussing advances necessary to move from tracking particles to molecules. We also discuss the technical means of encoding or measuring the motion of a single molecule in three spatial dimensions over time. We describe 3D single molecule tracking with both wide-field, camera-based approaches and 3D tracking based upon modified confocal microscope designs. This chapter also discusses various ways of analyzing or classifying molecular trajectories. Biophysical applications, from following protein transport in living cells to studying individual virus infection pathways, are discussed. We end with a view toward potential future improvements of 3D tracking in living cells.
Tweeting During Presidential Debates: Effect on Candidate Evaluations and Debate Attitudes

This study examined the effects of tweeting while watching a presidential debate (live-tweeting) during the 2012 U.S. election. We examined candidate evaluations and debate attitudes for participants who did and did not tweet while watching a presidential or vice presidential debate. We found that tweeting while watching a debate was related to participants reporting more favorable attitudes about Barack Obama, paying more attention to the debate, and perceiving debates to be more important. Live-tweeting a debate was not related to enjoying the debate more. Overall, our results indicate that live-tweeting a televised political event can result in different effects than simply watching a debate and that live-tweeting debates is an activity driven by engagement with and thoughtful processing of debate content rather than primarily about fun or passing time.
Neglect May Not Impact Real-World Paretic Arm Use in the Chronic Stage of Stroke Recovery

Date Presented 04/05/19 Nonuse of the paretic arm is highly prevalent after stroke. In the chronic stage of stroke, individuals with neglect have similar patterns of paretic arm use as individuals without neglect when matched for paretic arm motor impairment. These findings highlight how critical it is that stroke rehabilitation therapists address paretic arm nonuse in therapy. Primary Author and Speaker: Emily Grattan Additional Authors and Speakers: Michelle Woodbury
Effect of the Modified Lapidus Procedure for Hallux Valgus on Foot Width

Background:Despite the importance of shoe wear to patients with hallux valgus (HV), few studies have investigated changes in foot width following surgery in this population. The purpose of our stud...
Quality assessment of brain MRI scans using a dense neural network model and image metrics

Structural MRI is the standard-of-care imaging modality for screening and diagnosis of most neurological conditions. However, the ability to reliably evaluate brain MRIs for disease characterization (whether by machines or experts) is often hampered by the presence of artifacts such as magnetic field inhomogeneity, aliasing, or patient motion; some of which may not be visually apparent. Reliable quality assessment of brain MRI scans would allow for excluding noisy acquisitions and reducing errors in subsequent downstream analyses. Since visual inspection is impractical for large volumes of data and subject to inter-observer variability, there is a need for accurate, automated Quality Assessment (QA) of MR images. Previous studies have investigated image quality metrics (IQMs) in order to quantify the effect of specific artifacts and quality degradation in an MR image. There has also been some recent work in developing machine learning models which use IQMs to enable robust QA across multiple sites. We build on this approach by leveraging a total of 64 IQMs (quantifying noise, artifacts, information, and general brain measurements) within a Dense Neural Network (DNN) model for QA of brain MRI scans using the publicly available multi-site ABIDE-I cohort (17 sites, 1102 subjects). In attempting to predict the "mean opinion score" of MR image quality (as assessed by expert radiologists), the DNN model yielded an accuracy of 87.3±2.1% in training (15 sites, 885 subjects) which generalized to a 79.5±1.9% accuracy in validation (2 sites, 246 subjects). This initial DNN model suggests the promise of deep learning to improve automated QA of MRI scans in large multi-site, multi-scanner cohorts.
Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: a case report of a rare cause of reversible cardiomyopathy

Background Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a life-threatening, genetic disease of complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy that typically presents as anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. Cardiomyopathy is seen in up to 10% of aHUS cases, but the aetiology is not well-understood. Case summary A 63-year-old man recently was diagnosed with a thrombotic microangiopathy most consistent with aHUS by renal biopsy after presentation with acute renal failure requiring haemodialysis. He was started on therapy with complement inhibitor, eculizumab. Six weeks after diagnosis, he presented with progressive dyspnoea on exertion and chest pain. An echocardiogram demonstrated an acute drop in left ventricular ejection fraction to 20-25% with global hypokinesis. Left heart catheterization showed moderate, non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse myocardial oedema. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed an arteriole with obliterative changes and a few possible fragmented red blood cells suggestive of thrombotic microangiopathy. There was no biopsy evidence of immune complex deposition or myocarditis. He was treated for heart failure and was maintained on eculizumab. On repeat echocardiogram 3 months later, the patient had complete recovery of his ejection fraction (60-65%). Discussion In this report, we describe complete recovery of aHUS-associated heart failure with eculizumab therapy and demonstrate for the first time that the aetiology of aHUS-associated heart failure is likely an acute thrombotic microangiopathy involving small intramyocardial arterioles, as demonstrated by cardiac biopsy.