cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of Larval Migration of the Western Corn Rootworm

In 1965, a study on larval migration of Diabrotica virgifera LeConte was conducted near Rock Port, Missouri. Migration plots were designed to investigate larval movement in the soil for distances of 10, 20, 30, and 40 inches. The soil within each plot was removed and replaced with fumigated soil from a noninfested area. Infestation was dependent upon natural conditions existing in the soil between plots. Larval movement occurred over all distances studied.
Polydipsia and polyuria during chronic administration of levorphanol to rats.

ConclusionChronic treatment of rats with levorphanol produced profound polydipsia and polyuria. These observations are of interest since levorphanol and its close relative, morphine, are known to produce antidiuretic responses on acute administration.
Digital trend analysis in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units.

Summary:Continuous EEG monitoring has become an essential modality for monitoring the central nervous system in the critically ill and has expanded beyond seizure detection. The massive amount of data generated and the associated logistical problems have limited the timely interpretation of these da
Refining prognosis in BCR-ABL1-positive ALL.

In this issue of Blood , van der Veer et al report the negative prognostic impact of IKZF1 deletions in children with BCR-ABL1 –positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), despite the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.[1][1] ![Figure][2] Structure of Ikaros. The N-terminal
4:Nickel-Carbon Bonds in Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthases/Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenases

Acetyl-coenzyme A synthases/carbon monoxide dehydrogenases are bifunctional enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and the reversible reduction of CO2 to CO. The active site for the first reaction, called the A-cluster, consists of a [Fe4S4] cubane bridged to a dinuclear nickel subcomponent. The active site for the second reaction, the C-cluster, consists of a [Fe3S4] subsite linked to a Ni-Fe dinuclear site. There is evidence for the formation of five Ni-C bonds, involving methyl, acetyl, carbonyl, and carboxylate groups. In this review, the current evidence for each of these bonds is described. The mechanism of catalysis is discussed, highlighting the role of these species. The unique coordination environments of nickel that may facilitate the formation of organometallic species is discussed. Current puzzles in the field and future research directions that might resolve them are outlined.
FACIAL AUGMENTATION WITH PROPLAST: Long Term Retrospective Investigation

Publisher Summary Proplast has been successfully used for facial augmentation for a long time. However, the long-term stability of proplast chin and malar implants has not been examined. This chapter discusses the long-term stability of chin and zygomaticomaxillary augmentation with proplast implants. Proplast I and II are unique, ultraporous, and low modulus implant materials that are designed especially for facial bone augmentation. Both materials are 70% to 90% porous by volume, with pore sizes ranging from 100 to 400 m. However, the dendritic pore interconnections are greater than 80 m. The materials are resilient, can bend without regard for memory, and are easily carved. The preformed chin and zygomatic implants, which were introduced recently, reduce surgical time and eliminate problems, such as palpable edges and asymmetry that result from carving. The placement protocol for the chin and zygomatic implants primarily involve transoral placement, preplacement infusion with an antibiotic solution, development of a subperiosteal pocket, fixation of the implant to the underlying bone or overlying soft tissue by suture, and a carefully layered tissue closure.
From Spectacle to Crisis of Feeling: Slow Violence, Affective Rhetoric, and the Case of Caster Semenya

In Twilight of Equality, Lisa Duggan observes that “… one of the most successful ruses of neoliberal dominance in both global and domestic affairs is the definition of economic policy as primarily a matter of neutral, technical expertise” (2004, xiv, italics added).1 In neoliberal rhetoric, economic expertise is seen as separate from political and cultural matters, not subject to political debate or cultural critique, and not worthy of affective narrative. It is a somewhat boring, technical expertise that is seen as the province of highly trained professionals.2 The propitious effect of this ruse for neoliberal political economics is to bracket off the monopoly of technical expertise on political economy from culture, politics, and public debate. This rhetorical separation of economics from politics and culture disguises neoliberal economic goals of upward redistribution that work through cultural categories. The consequences of this rhetorical separation are that cultural explanations are deployed as human-interest stories that are full of affect and emotion but that disavow the reality that political economic interests are imbedded in and at work in these narratives. In this context, gender, race, and other social markers can be categorized as individual or private, not linked to economic decisions or tied to productive systems (Duggan 2004, xiv).
Deficiency of the complement regulatory protein CD59 accelerates the development of diabetes-induced atherosclerosis in mice.

Abstract Aims Clinical and experimental evidence supports a strong link between the complement system, complement regulatory proteins and the pathogenesis of diabetes vascular complications. We previously reported that the complement regulatory protein CD59 is inactivated by glycation in humans with diabetes. Our objective for this study is to assess experimentally how the deficiency of CD59 impacts the development of diabetic atherosclerosis in vivo . Methods We crossed mCD59 sufficient and deficient mice into the ApoE −/− background to generate mCd59ab +/+ / ApoE −/− and mCd59ab −/− / ApoE −/− mice, and induced diabetes by multiple low dose injections of streptozotocin. Atherosclerosis was detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE p p p p p mCD59ab +/+ /ApoE −/− ) counterpart. Conclusions The deficiency of CD59 accelerates the development of diabetic atherosclerosis.
Recruitment and retention of young adult veteran drinkers using Facebook

The objective of this study was to describe the feasibility of using Facebook as a platform to recruit and retain young adult veteran drinkers into an online-alcohol use intervention study. Facebook's wide accessibility and popularity among the age group that comprises the majority of veterans from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan make it a compelling resource through which research can extend its reach to this otherwise hard-to-reach group. We developed a series of Facebook advertisement campaigns to reach veteran drinkers not specifically searching for alcohol treatment. In doing so, we recruited 793 valid veteran participants in approximately two weeks for an advertising cost of $4.53 per obtained participant. The study sample consisted primarily of male veterans, between 19 and 34 years of age, who were drinking at moderate to heavy levels. Although about half of the sample reported mental health comorbidity, few had received any mental health or substance use treatment in the past year. Facebook appears to be a valuable mechanism through which to recruit young veterans with unmet behavioral health needs, although more specific efforts may be needed to engage certain types of veterans after initial study enrollment.
Association between normal or mildly reduced kidney function, cardiovascular risk and biomarkers for atherosclerosis: results from the ENCORE trial.

BACKGROUND Moderate-to-severe kidney dysfunction is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Gradations of normal or mildly reduced kidney function may also associate with ASCVD risk. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis using baseline data from the Exercise and Nutritional Interventions for Cardiovascular Health (ENCORE) trial. Participants were sedentary, overweight and obese adults with unmedicated pre-hypertension or Stage I hypertension and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The Pooled Cohorts Equations were used to estimate a 10-year risk for first ASCVD event. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were measured to assess subclinical atherosclerosis and vascular endothelial function, respectively. Using linear regression, we examined the association between eGFR and ASCVD risk, IMT and FMD. RESULTS Participants (N = 139) were predominantly women (65%), white (60%), with a mean age of 52.0 ± 9.6 years and mean eGFR of 89.1 ± 15.0 mL/min/1.73 m2. Lower eGFR of 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with higher ASCVD risk [b = -2.7% (95% confidence interval: -3.7, -1.8%), P < 0.001], higher IMT [b = 0.05 mm (0.03, 0.08 mm), P < 0.001] and lower FMD [b = -0.87% (-1.64, -0.11%), P = 0.026]. Compared with eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, those with eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m2 had higher mean ASCVD risk (7.6% versus 2.7%; P < 0.001), greater mean IMT (0.74 mm versus 0.66 mm; P < 0.001) and lower mean FMD (2.0% versus 3.7%; P = 0.026). After controlling for CVD risk factors, the association between eGFR and IMT remained significant (P < 0.001), and eGFR and FMD trended toward significance (P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Among overweight and obese adults with unmedicated high blood pressure and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, lower eGFR is associated with a greater 10-year risk for first ASCVD event, higher IMT and relatively impaired FMD.
Western Blot Techniques

The Western blot is an important laboratory technique that allows for specific identification and characterization of proteins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)-separated proteins are electophoretically transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane which is then incubated with specific antibodies, then developed to show the protein of interest. Here, we describe the transfer and detection of Outer surface protein A (OspA), a protein only found on the surface of Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease.
Maternal Perspectives of Well Siblings’ Adjustment to Family Life With a Technology-Dependent Child

Technology-dependent (TD) children require complex care and are dependent on medical technology. Approximately 75% of families, in the United States, who are caring for a TD child, also care for a well child. Well siblings are likely to be affected by the experience of living with a TD sibling as the process of family normalization is described as a family affair. The experiences of well siblings are not well described. The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to describe the experiences of well siblings who are living in a family with a TD child. Mothers were interviewed about the experiences of their well children and were digitally audio recorded. The interviews were transcribed, and content analysis was conducted. Content analysis from the interviews revealed the major themes of well sibling adjustment within the family unit, upside (altruistic, prosocial behaviors) and downside (negative internal and external processing behaviors). These results can be applied to advance the delivery of family nursing care offered to these families.
Analysis of the Difference in Designs between CS 1 and CS 2 Students: (Abstract Only)

This study examines the results of establishing a rubric for design in freshmen computer science courses. The rubric consists of six categories (Understanding the Problem, Relationship Among Parts, Logic, Diagrams, Code Present, Testing) on a binary scale indicating if the category was included or not. The analysis examines four terms of data, one course per term, where students are required to submit a program design a week before they submit their assignment code. The terms differ in population (traditional and non-traditional), content (CS 1 and CS 2) and the level of design guidance (increased guidance/details in the syllabus). Each qualitative design was evaluated using the same rubric to facilitate comparisons between different courses, correlation to assignment grades and overall course grades, there were notable differences between what the populations included in their designs and how frequently the populations included the various categories of the rubric over time. In particular, non-traditional students tend to include more diagrams, logic and relationship among parts than traditional students, and in a CS 1 class without object oriented programming (OOP) versus a CS 2 class with OOP, CS 2 students tend to provide a more global picture of the program than specific details outlined in CS 1 designs, which lacked a big-picture perspective. These insights allow us to better understand how students from varying populations and different course content approach problem solving and design in computer science differently.
Arthroscopic Shoulder Stabilization in the High-Risk Young Athlete: Return to Sport and Second Surgery Rates

Objectives:Shoulder instability in the young athlete has become an increasingly significant clinical problem in recent years. This high-risk population of athletes less than 25 years of age is a di...
Defining a Safe Zone for All-Inside Lateral Meniscal Repairs in Pediatric Patients: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Purpose To establish a safe zone for all-inside meniscal fixation in pediatric patients by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements between the popliteal tendon (PT) and popliteal neurovascular bundle (PNVB). Methods Patients aged 5 to 16 years with normal or nearly normal knee MRI scans were included. They were grouped by age: group I, 5 to 7 years (n = 61); group II, 8 to 10 years (n = 59); group III, 11 to 13 years (n = 60); and group IV, 14 to 16 years (n = 70). At the level of the lateral meniscus, 2 lines starting at the lateral patellar tendon border and ending at the medial edge of the PT (D1) and the lateral edge of the PNVB (D2) were made on an axial knee MRI scan. A third line (D3) connected D1 to D2 at the meniscocapsular junction of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus (PHLM). A fourth line (D4), derived geometrically, was parallel and 8 mm anterior to D3, simulating the anterior edge of the PHLM. Results Axial MRI scans of 250 pediatric patients (aged 5-16 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Analysis showed significant correlation between age and sex for D3 (P Conclusions This study provides normative data of the distance between the PNVB and PT at the meniscocapsular junction (D3) and anterior edge of the PHLM (D4) with the knee in full extension. Combined with previous studies showing that the addition of knee flexion increases the distance between the meniscus and the neurovascular bundle, these data can be used by surgeons to improve the safety of PHLM repair in pediatric patients. Level of Evidence Level III, diagnostic study of nonconsecutive patients.
Tasking System for an Episodic Spacecraft

The paper will discuss the tasking system used to plan activities for an operational polar orbiting spacecraft capable of earth remote sensing and celestial observations. Spacecraft operation is episodic. The paper will present results on the effectiveness of the spacecraft tasking system. Both operational procedures and software will be addressed. The tasking system’s long-term spacecraft modeling, on-board data recorder management, ground contact scheduling, and science observation scheduling functions will be presented.
RENDERING THE UNFAMILIAR INTELLIGIBLE: DISCOVERING THE HUMAN SIDE OF ACCOUNTINGS PAST THROUGH ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS

Two paradigmatic schools are presently exploring twentieth century accounting history. Conventional historians typically examine archival data to determine the origin and development of modern accounting practices. Alternatively, more critical scholars often question the motives of accountants and managers in the design, collection, and use of this same data. Although each school has a different primary objective, both focus on documented events and both usually ignore the more personal, human side of history — the attitudes and perceptions of accountants, managers, and workers regarding accounting numbers and reports. This undocumented, human aspect of accounting history is best revealed through oral history interviews. This paper initially discusses the benefits and limitations of oral history interviews. It then includes examples from a recently completed oral history project to illustrate how recollections about the past help illuminate aspects of twentieth century cost accounting history that neither...
Maximizing the Usefulness and Use of Large Federal School-Data Collections

AbstractThis article explores ways to improve the use and usefulness of four large and independently developed U.S. Education Department (ED) school-based data collections: the annual EDFacts’ stud...
EGFR Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis to the Pancreas Mimicking Primary Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma.

Background The occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the pancreas is overall rare and can histologically imitate primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). Case report This is a case report of a 70-year-old female with a history of surgically resected right lung adenocarcinoma presenting for routine follow up without symptoms. CT scans revealed a pancreatic cystic mass with ductal dilatation that was sampled via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and thought to be a primary pancreatic mucinous neoplasm with high grade dysplasia suspicious for carcinoma based on smear cytology. On repeat EUS-FNA and biopsy (FNB) with additional immunohistochemical testing for lung adenocarcinoma markers thyroid transcription factor (TTF1) and Napsin A and molecular testing, the lesion was identified as a metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR L858R) mutation; subsequently, the patient underwent targeted therapy that yielded an almost complete response. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case in English literature of a lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to the pancreas mimicking a pancreatic primary neoplasm and highlights the potential pitfalls of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of certain metastases to the pancreas.
Abstract 6462: Radiomics features of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography as a novel prognostic signature in colorectal cancer

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of radiomics signatures derived from 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study. From April 2008 to Jan 2014, we identified CRC patients who underwent 18F-FDG-PET before starting any neoadjuvant treatments and surgery. Radiomics features were extracted from the primary lesions identified on 18F-FDG-PET. Patients were divided into a training and a validation set by random sampling. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was applied for prognostic signature building with progression-free survival (PFS) using the training data set. Using the calculated radiomics score, a nomogram was developed, and the clinical utility of this nomogram was assessed in the validation set. Results: Three-hundred-and-eight-one patients with surgically resected CRC patients (training set 228 vs. validation set 153) were included. In the training set, a radiomics signature called a rad_score was generated using two PET-derived features such as Gray Level Run Length Matrix_Long-Run Emphasis (GLRLM_LRE) and Grey-Level Zone Length Matrix_Short-Zone Low Gray-level Emphasis (GLZLM_SZLGE). Patients with a high-rad_score in the training and the validation set had shorter PFS (P Conclusions: Textural features, such as GLRLM_LRE and GLZLM_SZLGE, derived from 18F-FDG-PET images may enable more detailed stratification of prognosis in patients with CRC. Citation Format: Jeonghyun Kang, Jean Rene Clemenceau, Sunho Park, Hongming Xu, Changjin Hong, Tae Hyun Hwang. Radiomics features of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography as a novel prognostic signature in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6462.
Additive friction stir deposition: a deformation processing route to metal additive manufacturing

As the forging counterpart of fusion-based additive processes, additive friction stir deposition offers a solid-state deformation processing route to metal additive manufacturing, in which every vo...
Evaluation of heavy-duty vehicle emission controls with a decade of California real-world observations.

Over the past decade, efforts to reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NO + NO2, or NO x ) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have led to the widespread adoption of both Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) to control PM and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to control NO x . We evaluated the performance of DPFs and SCR with 13,327 real-world fuel-based Black Carbon (BC) and NO x emission factors from 9,167 unique heavy-duty vehicles (primarily HDDVs) measured at four sites in California (two ports, two highways) from 2011-2018. BC emission factors have decreased by 90% during the past decade. At the same time, BC distributions have become increasingly skewed towards "high-emitters" - e.g., the portion of the HDDV fleet responsible for half of all BC emissions has decreased from ~16% to ~3%. NO x emission factors have also decreased over the past decade, but by only 31%. They remain roughly five times greater than in-use thresholds. We examined changes in BC and NO x emissions with engine age. BC emissions from DPF-only trucks decreased slightly but insignificantly, by 6 ± 15 mg/kg fuel per year, while for DPF+SCR trucks they increased by 5 ± 3. These changes are less than 5% of in-use thresholds. The annual increase in NO x emissions with age was much greater: 1.44 ± 0.28 g/kg for older SCR trucks without on-board diagnostic (OBD) capabilities and 0.48 ± 0.35 for newer trucks with OBD, roughly 20 - 50% of in-use thresholds. Paired t-tests on the over 600 vehicles that were observed in multiple campaigns were consistent with these results. Observed changes in BC emissions with age were best fit with a "gross emitter" model assuming an annual DPF failure rate of 0.83 ± 0.01% for DPF-only trucks and 0.56 ± 0.01% for DPF+SCR trucks. Implications These observations of real-world HDV emission factors have several major implications for regulatory efforts to reduce them. The increasing importance of a relatively small number of high BC emitters suggests that widespread sampling of the on-road fleet will be necessary to identify these vehicles. On the other hand, the much more ubiquitous deterioration in NO x control measures may be better addressed by incorporating on-board diagnostic system, with telematic data transfer when possible, into inspection and maintenance programs. These NO x observations also highlight the need for strengthening heavy-duty SCR durability demonstration requirements.
Event Timing and Sequence in Coastal Shoreline Erosion: Hurricanes Bertha and Fran and the Neuse Estuary

The magnitude of storm events is only one determinant of their geomorphic effects. The timing and sequence of storms and the initial conditions of the shoreline also exert important controls on the geomorphic impacts. Two category three hurricanes struck coastal North Carolina during the summer of 1996, Bertha in July and Fran in September, with similar wind velocities and storm surges in the Neuse River estuary. There was little evidence of wave attack on the faces of shoreline bluffs along the Neuse estuary following Bertha, but the same bluffs experienced retreat of three to 12 meters following Fran. The dominant long-term process of slope retreat is mass wasting. Bertha removed toeslope sedimentary aprons and woody debris, which absorbed the majority of the wave energy. Thus, when the second storm arrived, waves came into direct contact with the unconsolidated bluffs and initiated slope failures by undermining the lower bluffs. The effects of the hurricanes illustrate the importance of event sequencing and initial conditions rather than energy or magnitude in determining shoreline response, and the important interactions between slope (mass wasting) and coastal processes in causing bluff retreat along the Neuse.
Expression of NaV1.9 channels by muscle afferent neurons (1129.10)

Background: The exercise pressor reflex helps regulate cardiovascular responses to exercise. The voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) 1.9 has unique properties that could help to generate excessive neuronal activity. We have previously demonstrated the presence of Nav1.9 channels using antibody staining of identified neurons, but were not able to demonstrate functional activity (J Neurophysiol. 108: 2230, 2012). Methods: We voltage-clamped identified muscle afferent neurons isolated from adult male Sprague Dawley rats and used a high fluoride internal solution to help separate Nav1.9 from Nav1.8. Results: We found a Nav1.9-like current that activated at voltages 20 mV hyperpolarized to the main Nav1.8 current in 69% of muscle afferent neurons (n=13). This current exhibited significantly slower activation (8 ± 3 ms; n=9) compared with cells that showed only Nav1.8 (4 ± 1 ms; n=4). The Nav current in cells with Nav1.9-like current inactivated with multiple components compared with a single component inactivat...
The endocrine basis of toxemia of pregnancy

Abstract In this paper we desire to present evidence to support our belief that the so-called toxemia of pregnancy is a manifestation of a disturbance of the endocrine glands. The observations here recorded have been carried out over a period of four years. They have led to the conclusion that in the large majority of instances toxemia of pregnancy occurs in women with a constitutional habitus, in itself a manifestation of an endocrine disturbance. Our primary criterion for the diagnosis of toxemia of pregnancy was the development in the later months of pregnancy of abnormally high blood pressure, in women in whom there was no history or other evidence of preceding renal or hypertensive disease. It may well be that there are cases of toxemia of pregnancy in which hypertension is absent and the disorder is manifested solely by edema and albuminuria. But in order to deal with a criterion of the disease which is practically universally accepted, we have included only patients with high blood pressure. All our patients began pregnancy with normal blood pressure and developed a systolic pressure exceeding 140 mm. and a diastolic pressure above 90 mm. Almost every patient had a blood pressure well over this level. The present study is based on 120 patients fulfilling this criterion. As controls, we have used 100 consecutive patients having normal pregnancies. The evidence is presented under the following headings: (1) Body weight, (2) hair distribution, (3) stature, (4) facies, (5) form of pelvis, (6) basal metabolism, and (7) blood proteins.
Adapting organization and management approaches to meet specific company AI development requirements

A panel has been formed to study situational approaches to organizing and managing knowledge-based system (KBS) development efforts. It is noted that the most effective approach to organizing KBS developmental efforts is to start with specific company situation requirements and then develop an organizing approach suited to the specific organization, system, people and available resource requirements, and limitations under study. >
Strong stomachs: Arthur Golding, Ovid, and cultural assimilation: Arthur Golding, Ovid, and cultural assimilation

This article argues for a new interpretation of the prefatory poems Golding wrote for his published translations of Ovid's Metamorphoses. These prefaces are thoroughly enmeshed both in Golding's own intellectual project of mitigating Ovid's pagan culture and in the wider cultural debates about contact with non-Christians. This debate often had recourse to the circumstances of early Christians and their proximity to the gentiles and their religious practices. Specifically, the language of eating and digestion was frequently deployed in the early Christian world to suggest the necessity of confronting and processing foreign cultures. Golding's prefaces approach this intellectual legacy through sustained language of food, digestion, and stomachs. For Golding's ideal reader, culture clashes were analogous to eating a variety of foods, requiring strong stomachs. Galenic conceptions of an active, powerful stomach also helped Golding formulate his ideas about cross-cultural exchange. And as I argue in the last part of the article, Golding's interpretive strategy was not unique, but rather was commonplace in Protestant polemic in the 1560s and '70s.
A 185 K*6 field memory for TV/VTR pictures

The authors describe the design and fabrication results for a 185 K*6-bit field memory which is suitable for storing TV signals. This device offers an efficient and economical architecture for storing one field of NTSC signals on a single chip. It permits 3-fsc sampling and 6-bit quantization and contains all address-generating and refresh control circuits. Continuous read and write operation with a 60-ns cycle time, refresh-free operation, and 0.5-H jump function enhance the system performance. Standard cell design methodology is adopted to comply quickly with customer's requests. >
Language Interoperability for High-Performance Parallel Scientific Components

Component technologies offer a promising approach for managing the increasing complexity and interdisciplinary nature of high-performance scientific applications. Language interoperability is required for components written in different languages to communicate. In this paper, we present an approach to language interoperability for high-performance parallel components. Based on Interface Definition Language (IDL) techniques, we have developed a Scientific IDL (SIDL) that focuses on the abstractions and performance requirements of the scientific domain. We are developing a SIDL compiler and the associated run-time support for reference counting, reflection, object management, and basic exception handling. The SIDL approach has been validated for a scientific linear solver library. Initial timing results indicate that the performance overhead is minimal (less than 1%), whereas the savings in development time for interoperable software libraries can be substantial.
Bias in the Legal System? An Essay on the Eligibility of Undocumented Immigrants to Practice Law

This paper was prepared for the panel entitled “Deconstruct and Reconstruct: Re-examining Bias in the Legal System: Searching for New Approaches” at the 2012 annual meeting of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS). This Essay considers one aspect of what some observers might characterize as bias in the legal profession — the restriction of undocumented immigrants — from the practice of law. In contrast, others might consider the alleged “bias” as a permissible regulation of the admission of lawyers to practice law.Like laws affecting immigrants indirectly, such as street vendor regulations, or directly, as in efforts by state and local governments at immigration enforcement, restricting access to the legal profession based on immigration status under contemporary conditions will unquestionably have disparate impacts on communities of color. Specifically, the vast majority of today’s immigrants are from Mexico and Central America, as well as Asia, and the reliance on undocumented immigrant status to screen access to the bar will directly impact those communities.Heated debates have raged in the United States in recent years over “illegal” immigrants, immigration, and immigration reform. Despite ongoing public dialogue for more than a decade, Congress has been unable to pass comprehensive immigration reform. Ostensibly seeking to fill a perceived void in immigration enforcement as well as to respond to the failure of reform at the national level, several states in the last several years have enacted controversial immigration enforcement laws. This Essay considers a small but important ancillary issue involving state treatment of undocumented immigrants — restrictions on undocumented immigrants to practice law.The question of licensing undocumented immigrants as attorneys is part of the larger question of the integration of undocumented immigrants into American social life. Like it or not, millions of undocumented immigrants live in this country. Many come to the United States as children and attend American public elementary and secondary schools. Undocumented college students, popularly known as DREAMers, have captured the national imagination; their political struggles also have resulted in meaningful changes in policy. The natural educational progression for some college graduates is to attend graduate and professional school. Professional licensing is ordinarily the next step for professional school graduates. Part I of this Essay sketches the history of the exclusion by the various states of immigrants from the legal profession. Part II considers the possibility of licensing undocumented immigrants as lawyers.
Clopidogrel variability: role of plasma protein binding alterations

Aim The large inter-individual variability in clopidogrel response is attributed to pharmacokinetics. Although, it has been used since the late 1990s the pharmacokinetic fate of clopidogrel and its metabolites are poorly explained. The variable response to clopidogrel is believed to be multi-factorial, caused both by genetic and non-genetic factors. In this study, we examined whether the inactive metabolite can alter the plasma protein binding of the active metabolite, thus explaining the large inter-individual variability associated with clopidogrel response. Methods Female subjects (n = 28) with stable coronary disease who were not taking clopidogrel were recruited. Serial blood samples were collected following 300 mg oral dose of clopidogrel, plasma was isolated and quantified for total and free concentrations of active and inactive metabolites. Inhibition of platelet aggregation was measured using the phosphorylated vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) assay. Results A significant correlation was observed between VASP and both free (r = 0.49, P < 0.05) and total (r = 0.49, P < 0.05) concentrations of the active metabolite. Surprisingly, we observed a significant correlation with both free (r = 0.42, P < 0.05) and total (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) concentrations of the inactive metabolite as well. Free fractions of the active metabolite rose with increasing protein binding of the inactive metabolite (P < 0.05). Conclusions The above in vivo data suggest that the inactive metabolite displaces the active metabolite from binding sites. Thus, the inactive metabolite might increase the free concentration of the active metabolite leading to enhanced inhibition of platelet aggregation. The plasma protein binding mechanism would offer an additional therapeutic strategy to optimize clopidogrel pharmacotherapy.
Monte Carlo methods for signal processing: Recent advances

In many areas of signal processing, the trend of addressing problems with increased complexity continues. This is best reflected by the forms of the models used for describing phenomena of interest. Typically, in these models the number of unknowns that have to be estimated is large and the assumptions about noise distributions are often non-tractable for analytical derivations. One major reason that allows researchers to resolve such difficult problems and delve into uncharted territories is the advancement of methods based on Monte Carlo simulations including Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and particle filtering. In this paper, the objective is to provide a brief review of the basics of these methods and then elaborate on the most recent advances in the field.
Applications of complex frequency hopping method in PCB signal integrity simulation

This paper presents a fast Signal Integrity (SI) simulator using a newly published moment matching technique, Complex Frequency Hopping (CFH), which can efficiently simulate boards containing a large number of interconnects with lossy parameters. For the first level examination of an entire board, this simulator provides an excellent solution to delay, reflection, and cross-talk by using linear component models. For the detailed analysis of an interconnection network with nonlinear components, this simulator creates equivalent time domain macro-models to replace the linear subnetwork containing lossy interconnects. Such models can be easily used in any SPICE like simulator to efficiently perform accurate time domain analysis of the network.
Gamma Ray Bursts and Their Afterglows

Gamma-Ray Bursts are extreme astrophysical events, which emit the bulk of their energy as photons in the 0.1 – 1.0 MeV range, and whose durations span milliseconds to tens of minutes. They are formed in extreme relativistic outflows with Lorentz factors of hundreds, and reside at cosmological distances. They are followed by X-ray, optical and radio afterglows which can be observed for over a year after the event. Observations of afterglows showed that the emission is from jets, and when corrected for this geometry the energies of GRBs appear to cluster around 5 × 10^50 erg — very comparable to that of supernovae. Evidence in the last several years shows that a significant fraction of long GRBs are related to a peculiar type of supernova explosions. These supernovae most likely mark the birth events of stellar mass black holes as the final products of the evolution of very massive stars. Short bursts are still somewhat mysterious, but it is known that some of them are produced by an old population of stars. Neutron star merger is a leading candidate as the progenitor of short GRBs.
Death of Bacillus subtilis Auxotrophs Due to Deprivation of Thymine, Tryptophan, or Uracil.

Pritikin, William B. (University of California, Los Angeles), and W. R. Romig. Death of Bacillus subtilis auxotrophs due to deprivation of thymine, tryptophan, or uracil, J. Bacteriol. 92:291–296. 1966.—Auxotrophic mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 that require either tryptophan, uracil, or thymine died rapidly when deprived of any of these compounds. Phage PBS1 was produced by infected B. subtilis 168 (thy try-2) deprived of thymine. Phage PBS1 was not produced by infected B. subtilis 168 (try-2) deprived of tryptophan or infected B. subtilis 168-15 (try-2 ura) deprived of uracil. B. subtilis 168 thy try-2 and 168-15 could be transduced by phage PBS1 after prolonged deprivation of tryptophan or uracil, respectively. When B. subtilis 168-15 was transduced to uracil independence by phage PBS1, the uracil-independent transductants became immune to uracil-less death within 10 min of exposure to phage, and began to multiply within 2 hr after exposure to phage at an incubation temperature of 46 C.
Development Projects, Relative Deprivation, and Insurgent Violence: The Cases of Peru (1980-1992), Colombia (1964-Present), Iraq (2003-2011), and Afghanistan (2001-2011)

Despite the profusion of literature on civil wars, current research does not adequately explain conflict onset. This project seeks to begin to fill this gap. I examine the role that the unequal appropriation of development aid or other government projects and services plays in intensifying the sense of deprivation that some groups feel relative to others. In turn, relative deprivation may spark an aggressive response, thereby touching off violent conflict. Building upon a pilot study utilizing data from the final year (1992) of Peru’s civil war (1980-1992), this research seeks to extend the analysis by leveraging data from the entire period of Peru’s conflict as well as the extremely rich data from Colombia, Iraq, and Afghanistan. This work aims to not only improve our theoretical understanding of civil war onset but also to provide practical insights for preventing the outbreak of intrastate conflict. Moreover, although development aid is a cornerstone of current counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine, this research highlights the need to equitably distribute this aid or risk exacerbating a conflict.Rapidly changing perceptions of relative deprivation may predict when conflict onset is most likely to occur. Although structural conditions such as poverty and inequality are relatively fixed overtime, group perceptions of relative deprivation in the face of these conditions can change rapidly. For instance, if one village observes another benefiting from development aid, their expectations may rapidly increase, resulting in a discrepancy between the group’s expectations and their current situation. Ted Gurr notes that abrupt awareness of a substantial differential between the reality of conditions on the ground and expectations can result in ‘frustration aggression’ responses, whereby individuals opt to use violence. Consequently, in areas where structural conditions are conducive to violent conflict, such an outbreak will be likely to occur when the government is actively providing highly visible development projects in an uneven manner. Specifically, we would expect conflict onset in areas that do not receive substantial benefits, but witness other areas receiving aid. Moreover, when a poorly distributed development program is continued after conflict onset or when a development aid project is begun during a conflict as part of a COIN strategy but is poorly implemented, the same causal pathway explains which areas will be more susceptible to insurgents group(s).
A Biomechanical Evaluation Of Fixation Of Posterior Acetabular Wall Fractures

Reproducible fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum were created in 10 paired hemipelves from fresh human cadavers. Under anterior-to-posterior loading by a Materials Testing System machine, the load to failure of fixation of the acetabular fractures treated with steel pelvic reconstruction plates and steel screws was significantly higher than that of fixation with titanium ribbons and titanium screws. Forces as little as 725 newtons applied directly to the fragment caused fixation failure; even the most secure form of fixation failed when a relatively small force of 2,123 newtons was applied. These results emphasize the importance of appropriate postoperative measures, such as limitation of hip flexion and restricted weightbearing, to minimize the force directed against the posterior wall until the fracture has healed. Secure fixation of fractures of the posterior wall of the acetabulum is critical, since loss of fixation results in instability and joint incongruity, which limit the options for reconstruction.
Angular momentum evolution in dark-matter haloes

We have analysed high-resolution N-body simulations of dark-matter (DM) haloes, focusing specifically on the evolution of angular momentum. We find that not only is individual particle angular momentum not conserved, but the angular momentum of radial shells also varies over the age of the Universe by up to factors of a few. We find that torques from external structure are the most likely cause for this distribution shift. Since the model of adiabatic contraction that is often applied to model the effects of galaxy evolution on the DM density profile in a halo assumes angular momentum conservation, this variation implies that there is a fundamental limit on the possible accuracy of the adiabatic contraction model in modelling the response of DM haloes to the growth of galaxies.
Ten Curriculum Questions for Principals Questions for Principals

This writer poses several questions that have strong implications for curriculum planning, and asks the read er to consider how the central topic or deeper con cern of each question should be transformed to meet the needs of individual practice.
Working, sex partner age differences, and sexual behavior among African American youth.

Participation in the workplace has been proposed as a potential structural-level HIV/STI prevention strategy for youth. Only a few cross-sectional studies have explored the effect of work during adolescence and young adulthood on sexual behavior and their results have been mixed. This study builds on this literature by exploring whether work influences youths’ sexual behavior in a cohort of African American youth (N = 562; 45% males; M = 14.5 years, SD = 0.6) followed from adolescence to young adulthood (ages 13–25 years). Using growth curve modeling, we tested whether working was associated with older sex partners. Then, we explored the association between sex partner age differences and sexual behaviors (i.e., number of sex partners, condom use, and frequency of sexual intercourse). Finally, we tested whether the relationship between sex partner age differences and sexual behaviors was confounded by working. Working greater number of hours was not significantly associated with having older sex partners. Sex partner age differences was associated with number of partners, condom use, and higher sex frequency. These associations were larger for females. Working was associated with higher sex frequency, after accounting for age differences. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and program planning, particularly in the context of youth development programs.
A 48nm 32Gb 8-level NAND flash memory with 5.5MB/s program throughput

Lower cost per bit and higher density NAND Flash memory is a general trend in nonvolatile memory applications, such as MP3 players, digital still cameras, video camcorders, USB memories and solid-state disk. Technology scaling has become expected from consumers and recently higher number of bits per cell, such as 8-level cell or 16-level cell, is becoming a viable alternative solution due to difficulties in scaling. However, a higher number of bits per cell has two technical hurdles to overcome. One is low program throughput and the other is insufficient V T -window margin. We design 32Gb 8-level NAND Flash memory with 5.5MB/s program performance that addresses these problems. The memory has two planes with 2800 blocks per plane, 192 pages per each block, and 4KB of data per page.
Adaptive optics for biological microscopy using phase diversity

Phase Diversity is a powerful technique for estimating wavefront aberrations from images of extended scenes. Phase Diversity was developed for two-dimensional imaging, typically using defocus as the phase diverse aberration. Here we discuss different approaches for extending phase diversity to three-dimensional imaging for biological applications. We show the results of using phase diversity to determine wavefront aberrations on simulated images.
Global attractivity and forward neural networks

Abstract Triangular dynamical systems can be used to model neural networks of forward type (FNN). In this paper, we establish some convergence theorem for such systems, which indicate how FNN should be implemented to perform the task for which they are designed.
Nutrition and the fertility of younger women in Kinshasa Zaire.

Abstract A significant positive association is established between fertility and purchased calories per adult equivalent using individual household data for Kinshasa, Zaire. The analysts is based on a sample of women aged 20–24, none of whose children have died. Characteristics likely to influence fertility both behaviorally and biologically, such as education, are included as separate independent variables. Both the first and second closed birth intervals and conditional second birth probabilities are analyzed, with the latter providing more significant results.