cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy controller for inverter fed induction machines

An induction machine operated with a direct self controller (DSC) shows a sluggish response during startup and under changes of torque command. Fuzzy logic is used in conjunction with direct self control to minimize these problems. A fuzzy logic controller chooses the switching states based on a set of fuzzy variables. Flux position, error in flux magnitude and error in torque are used as fuzzy state variables. Fuzzy rules are determined by observing the vector diagram of flux and currents. The operation of the direct self controller becomes difficult at low speeds due to the effect of change in stator resistance on the flux measurements. To improve the system performance at low speeds a fuzzy resistance estimator is proposed to eliminate the error due to the change in stator resistance. At constant flux and torque commands any change in stator resistance of the induction machines causes an error in stator current. This error is utilized by the fuzzy resistance estimator to correct the stator resistance used by the controller to match the machine resistance. Both a fuzzy controller and fuzzy resistance estimator are simulated for a 3 HP induction motor. The simulation results demonstrate a good performance. >
Engineered Bone from Polyglycolic Acid Polymer Scaffold and Periosteum

The ability to create bone from periosteum and biodegradable polymer may have significant utility in reconstructive orthopedic and plastic surgery. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) serves as a biodegradable matrix which can be configured to a desirable shape and structure. This study was conducted to generate new bone tissue from periosteum and PGA polymer and to compare the tissue to the bone tissue generated from periosteal cells seeded onto PGA polymer. Bovine periosteum, harvested from fresh calf limbs, was placed either directly onto PGA polymer (1 cm2) or onto tissue culture dishes for periosteal cell isolation. In Medium 199 media with antibiotics and ascorbic acid, the periosteum/PGA construct was cultured for one week, then implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous space of nude mice. Periosteal cells, cultured from pieces of periosteum for two weeks, were isolated into cell suspension and seeded (˜l-3× 107 cells) onto PGA polymer (1 cm2); after one week in culture, the periosteal cell-seeded polymer was implanted into the subcutaneous space of athymic mice. Specimens, harvested at 4, 8, and 14 week intervals, were evaluated grossly and histologically. The periosteum/PGA constructs showed an organized cartilage matrix with early evidence of bone formation at 4 weeks, a mixture of bone and cartilage at 8 weeks, and a complete bone matrix at 14 weeks. Constructs created from periosteal cells seeded onto polymer showed presence of disorganized cartilage at 4 and 8 weeks, and a mixture of bone and cartilage at 14 weeks. Periosteum placed directly onto polymer will form an organized cartilage and bone matrix earlier than constructs formed from periosteal cell-seeded polymer. This data suggests that PGA is an effective scaffold for periosteal cell attachment and migration to produce bone which may offer new approaches to reconstructive surgery.
Cyclic Variations in Pulse Rate in Women and Their Relationship to the Menstrual Cycle.

The daily pulse rates of 7 women observed over periods of 2 to 13 months vary with each phase of the menstrual cycle and in no case show a static norm.The pulse rate progressively increases during the phase of the cycle representative of the greatest activity (glandular and otherwise) of the genital tract; i. e., from the end of the 1st to the end of the 3rd week of the menstrual cycle. It progressively decreases during the following 2 weeks of lessened activity, the lowest point being reached near the end of or after the completion of menstruation.The rhythm in pulse rate shows a significant resemblance to the rhythm in the primary events of the menstrual cycle.The rhythm can be statistically shown: (1) by a simple smoothing process by which daily fluctuations are eliminated if the readings are continuous, or by a combined compositing and smoothing method if discontinuous; (2) by a method which gives the significance of the difference between the low and the high values in the rhythm.The above is a summa...
Charge generation measured for fullerene-helical nanofilament liquid crystal heterojunctions.

The helical nanofilament (HNF) liquid crystal phase is an ordered architecture exhibiting interesting properties for charge transport. It is a small molecule self-assembly of stacked and twisted crystalline layers, which form alignable organic nanorods with half the surface area of the filaments consisting of aromatic sublayer edges. HNFs mixed with an electron acceptor generate an intriguing network for photoinduced electron transfer (PET). In this work, we characterize the structure of the HNF phase as processed into thin films with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, we measure the flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) in samples where the HNF phase is fabricated into heterojunctions with the fullerenes C60 and PC60BM, prototypical electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics. Two distinct microstructures of the thin films were identified and compared for PET. A near-unity charge generation yield is observed in a bilayer of HNFs with ...
Reading the disclosures with new eyes: bridging the gap between information security disclosures and incidents

This paper investigates the relationship between information security related disclosures in financial reports and the impacts of information security incidents through cross-sectional and cluster analysis. First, by drawing upon the theories of disclosures in the accounting literature, we examine the effect of the number of disclosures on stock price reactions to information security incidents from 1997 to 2006. Our findings suggest that first-time disclosed information security risk factors in financial reports can mitigate the impact of information security incidents on business value. Second, a cluster analysis is performed on the disclosures in financial reports before and after the incidents. The results demonstrate that companies react to information security incidents by disclosing additional and more specific risk factors in subsequent financial reports. A classification model is also built to classify disclosures based on stock price reactions to information security incidents. The model provides insights to help firms lower stock price reactions to such incidents through disclosures. This paper not only contributes to the literature in information security and accounting but also sheds light on how managers can evaluate their information security policies and convey information security practices more effectively to the investors.
An Ubiquitous Fixed Point Calculation

It was around 1976 that David Guaspari introduced the witness comparison notation. The importance of this has already been indicated by the results of Chapter 6: It provided just the right framework for a discussion of Rosser sentences. Rosser introduced the use of witness comparisons in 1936 and, from then until Guaspari introduced his notation, most applications of self-reference in arithmetic used the comparison in a surprisingly uniform manner; yet the users neither recognised the uniformity nor attempted to explain their use of self-reference other than to make a passing reference to “Rosser’s trick.” But when the new notation came on the scene, the uniformity was readily apparent (modulo a little standardisation).
Does the conservation of land reduce development? An econometric-based landscape simulation with land market feedbacks

Abstract We use an econometrically-based landscape simulation to investigate the effect of conservation on the net change in local development – the amount of land directly protected from development minus the amount of development that may occur on neighboring unprotected private land in response to conservation. First, we use spatial-panel data from Wisconsin to estimate parcel-level subdivision probabilities and density expectations, controlling for the endogenous location of open space. Second, we use these subdivision probabilities and density expectations in a landscape simulation model. Our simulation results indicate that 57% of conserved open space created between 1978 and 2009 generated close to zero net change in local development. This suggests that conserved open space mostly reallocated development in a small neighborhood (in a half-mile radius) rather than altering the total amount of development. We explore the landscape conditions that may lead to conservation having either a positive or negative effect on local development.
Critical Role for GAB2 in Neuroblastoma Pathogenesis through the Promotion of SHP2/MYCN Cooperation

Growing evidence suggests a major role for Src-homology-2-domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2/PTPN11) in MYCN-driven high-risk neuroblastoma, although biologic confirmation and a plausible mechanism for this contribution are lacking. Using a zebrafish model of MYCN-overexpressing neuroblastoma, we demonstrate that mutant ptpn11 expression in the adrenal gland analog of MYCN transgenic fish promotes the proliferation of hyperplastic neuroblasts, accelerates neuroblastomagenesis, and increases tumor penetrance. We identify a similar mechanism in tumors with wild-type ptpn11 and dysregulated Gab2, which encodes a Shp2 activator that is overexpressed in human neuroblastomas. In MYCN transgenic fish, Gab2 overexpression activated the Shp2-Ras-Erk pathway, enhanced neuroblastoma induction, and increased tumor penetrance. We conclude that MYCN cooperates with either GAB2-activated or mutant SHP2 in human neuroblastomagenesis. Our findings further suggest that combined inhibition of MYCN and the SHP2-RAS-ERK pathway could provide effective targeted therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification and aberrant SHP2 activation.
Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Law Offices Expected to Be Top Technological Trends Impacting the Legal Profession in 2017

This article addresses what are expected to be the top technological trends impacting the legal profession in 2017. In particular, this article discusses the roles and impacts that artificial intelligence and virtual offices are expected to have on the legal profession in 2017 and beyond.
Variational treatment of electron-polyatomic-molecule scattering calculations using adaptive overset grids

The complex Kohn variational method for electron--polyatomic-molecule scattering is formulated using an overset-grid representation of the scattering wave function. The overset grid consists of a central grid and multiple dense atom-centered subgrids that allow the simultaneous spherical expansions of the wave function about multiple centers. Scattering boundary conditions are enforced by using a basis formed by the repeated application of the free-particle Green's function and potential ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{G}}_{0}^{+}\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{V}$ on the overset grid in a Born-Arnoldi solution of the working equations. The theory is shown to be equivalent to a specific Pad\'e approximant to the $T$ matrix and has rapid convergence properties, in both the number of numerical basis functions employed and the number of partial waves employed in the spherical expansions. The method is demonstrated in calculations on methane and ${\mathrm{CF}}_{4}$ in the static-exchange approximation and compared in detail with calculations performed with the numerical Schwinger variational approach based on single-center expansions. An efficient procedure for operating with the free-particle Green's function and exchange operators (to which no approximation is made) is also described.
Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition alters social behavior in male and female rats after post-weaning social isolation.

Abstract Post-weaning social isolation (PSI) has been shown to increase aggressive behavior and alter medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) function in rats. The present study sought to determine whether this phenotype would be normalized by increasing levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) using pharmacological inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either 4 weeks of PSI or social rearing (SR) starting on postnatal day 21, then underwent a 15 min trial of social interaction with a novel, same-sex juvenile rat. Rats were administered an acute injection of the MAGL inhibitor MJN110 or vehicle prior to the social interaction. Rats received either 0 mg/kg (vehicle), 1 mg/kg, or 5 mg/kg of MJN110. Both doses of MJN110 decreased aggressive grooming, a measure of agonistic behavior, in both males and females, largely driven by decreased aggressive grooming in PSI rats. There were no effects of MJN110 on overall social behavior or play behavior, while modest effects were observed on locomotor activity in SR rats only. While social interaction increased c-Fos expression in the mPFC of both males and females, MJN110 reduced c-Fos preferentially in females. These results suggest that 2-AG can modulate specific social behaviors during adolescence, and may affect mPFC function differentially in males and females.
Adoptive Transfer of Polyclonal, EBV-Specific Cytotoxic T-Cell Lines for the Prevention and Treatment of EBV-Associated Malignancies

There is increasing interest in using adoptive transfer of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) for the treatment of cancer. The challenges facing this strategy include identification of tumor antigens against which to target CTLs, the development of methods to activate and expand tumor-specific CTLs in vitro, and ensuring the in vivo survival and function of the CTLs in the face of multiple antiimmune response strategies employed by viruses and tumors. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) provides ideal model systems in which to test the safety and efficacy of infusions of virus-specific CTLs for the treatment of tumors with and without immune evasion strategies. EBV-transformed B-cell lines (LCLs) are excellent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that express nine virus-encoded proteins and can be used to stimulate and expand EBV-specific CTL lines from most donors in vitro. EBV-associated lymphomas most commonly occur in patients who are severely immunosuppressed and hence do not use immune evasion strategies. We have shown that these tumors can be treated effectively with infusions of virus-specific CTLs. The tumors occurring in patients who are immunocompetent or only mildly immunosuppressed do employ immune evasion strategies and these provide a model for the use of CTLs that have been genetically modified to persist and function under adverse conditions.
Discovering Visual Features and Shape Perception Capabilities in GLC

The analysis of data visualized with different GLCs in previous chapters shows that multiple visual features could be estimated for each individual graph. ﻿This chapter evaluates efficiency of the human visual system in discovering discriminating features for n-D data classification learning tasks in Closed Contour Paired Coordinates (traditional Stars/Radial Coordinates, and CPC Stars) in comparison with Parallel Coordinates. It is shown that Closed Contour Paired Coordinates are capable representing data in 14-D, 48-D, 96-D, 160-D, 170-D, and 192-D, where humans are capable discovering features and patterns for classification these high-dimensional data. The chapter concludes with a description of the cooperative visualization approach to enhance Knowledge Discovery in solving Data Mining/Machine Learning tasks.﻿
Outsourcing Regulatory Decision-making: “International” Epistemic Communities, Transnational Firms, and Pesticide Residue Standards in India:

How do “international” epistemic communities shape regulatory contests between transnational firms and civil society organizations in the Global South? With the establishment of the World Trade Org...
Smooth Muscle Tumors

• Primary bone leiomyosarcoma is an exceedingly rare spindle cell tumor with smooth muscle differentiation.
Analysis of an Eigenstructure Technique for DSSS Synchronization

A new technique for synchronization of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals is presented. This technique exploits the eigenstructure of a frequency-channelized DSSS signal to directly estimate the underlying spreading code. The synchronous estimate of the spreading code steadily improves with the increase in the collected data. In this paper, the algorithm used for estimating the spreading code is derived. It is shown that under infinite time-average assumptions, a perfect code estimate can be obtained when the signal is received in arbitrary levels of white background noise. The only requirements are that the spreading code must truly multiply the message signal, the code must have a constant modulus, and the message and code repetition rates must be practically incommensurate. It is shown that the technique is insensitive to frequency offsets on the received signal that are integer multiples of the code repetition rate. The technique is also shown to exploit multipath.
Thoughts on Intangibility and Transmission

The concept of intangibility points, among other things, to investigations focused on the workings of cultural transmission and reproduction. In contrast with material artefacts, intangible creations endure only through active, socially maintained processes of transmission from older to younger practitioners. These transmissions usually involve training and apprenticeships, sizeable investments of time and energy that must be meaningful and rewarding for this who undertake them. Languages, of course, exist in just these way, and may provide an illuminating paradigm for the transmission of intangible heritage, and for research on that subject.
Lymphedema in Cancer Patients

Lymphedema is one of many long-term complications for which cancer patients are at risk. As cure rates rise, more cancer survivors will need to be informed about this potential long-term side effect of surgery and radiation therapy. Lymphedema can present prior to the diagnosis of cancer due to lymphatic congestion due to bulky tumor blockage or microscopic lymphatic metastatic disease. Lymphedema may also present years after the successful treatment has been completed. It may be minor and require minimal intervention, or it may be severe and cause life-threatening infections. Early patient education, diagnosis and intervention may prevent some complications. Lymphedema treatment ranges from simple self-massage and compression to highly technical surgical transplantation of lymphatic nodes and vessels. Availability of lymphedema care remains highly variable around the world. Within cancer centers around the world, there is a great diversity in the protocols for diagnostic evaluation, disease measurement, treatment options, access to services, and prognosis for successful care. Surgical repair of the lymphatic system is an exciting new treatment for persons suffering with advanced lymphedema, but further research is needed to develop consistent protocols for use. Those concerned about lymphedema care for our cancer patients need to continue to be advocates for more research, funding for care, and access to services throughout the world.
Rapid multi-material 3D printing with projection micro-stereolithography using dynamic fluidic control

Abstract Mask projection stereolithography is a digital light processing-based additive manufacturing technique that has various advantages, such as high-resolution, scanning-free parallel process, wide material sets available, and support-structure-free three-dimensional (3D) printing. However, multi-material 3D printing with mask projection stereolithography has been challenging due to difficulties of exchanging a liquid-state material in a vat. In this work, we report a rapid multi-material projection micro-stereolithography using dynamic fluidic control of multiple liquid photopolymers within an integrated fluidic cell. Highly complex multi-material 3D micro-structures are rapidly fabricated through an active material exchange process. Material flow rate in the fluidic cell, material exchange efficiency, and the effects of energy dosage on curing depth are studied for various photopolymers. In addition, the degree of cross-contamination between different materials in a 3D printed multi-material structure is evaluated to assess the quality of multi-material printing. The pressure-tight and leak-free fluidic cell enables active and fast switch between liquid photopolymers, even including micro-/nano-particle suspensions, which could potentially lead to facile 3D printing of multi-material metallic/ceramic structures or heterogeneous biomaterials. In addition, a multi-responsive hydrogel micro-structure is printed using a thermo-responsive hydrogel and an electroactive hydrogel, showing various modes of swelling actuation in response to multiple external stimuli. This new ability to rapidly and heterogeneously integrate multiple functional materials in three-dimension at micro-scale has potential to accelerate advances in many emerging areas including 3D metamaterials, tissue engineering, and soft robotics.
High-Frequency Jet Ventilation (HFJV)

To make the best use of HFJV, the predominant disease process and pathophysiologic derangement must be used to choose the appropriate ventilation strategy. Where a mixed pathophysiologic picture is present, the clinician must determine the primary and/or most immediately life-threatening problem and focus the strategy on addressing that component first, recognizing that the disease process often evolves rapidly and that the patient’s response and the therapeutic approach need to be reevaluated at frequent intervals. The target blood gases, in general, will be similar to those believed to be appropriate for the patient, regardless of the mode of ventilation. The clinician should beware of the large impact that even relatively small changes in tidal volume can make on alveolar ventilation and take precautions to avoid inadvertent hyperventilation. Continuous pulse oximetry and, if possible, also transcutaneous CO2 (TCCO2) monitoring are recommended whenever HFJV is being used. While specific recommendations are provided herein, the clinician should be mindful of individual variation in response and base subsequent clinical decisions on the patient’s response and ongoing reassessment of their status. All available information, including physical assessment, blood gas analysis, continuous monitoring, and chest radiographs, need to be utilized to arrive at the most accurate evaluation.
Puerto Rico’s Henry Klumb: A Modern Architect’s Sense of Place

This book follows Henry Klumb’s life in architecture from Cologne, Germany to Puerto Rico. Arriving on the island, Klumb was a one-time German immigrant, a moderately successful designer, and previously a senior draftsman with Frank Lloyd Wright. Over the next forty years Klumb would emerge as Puerto Rico’s most prolific, locally well-known, and celebrated modern architect. In addition to becoming a leading figure in Latin American modern architecture, Klumb also became one of Frank Lloyd Wright’s most accomplished proteges, and an architect with a highly attuned social and environmental consciousness. Cruz explores his life, works, and legacy through the lens of a sense of place, defined as the beliefs that people adopt, actions undertaken, and feelings developed towards specific locations and spaces. He argues that the architect’s sense of place was a defining quality of his life and work, most evident in the houses he designed and built in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico’s Henry Klumb offers a historical narrative, culminating in a series of architectural analyses focusing on four key design strategies employed in Klumb’s work: vernacular architecture, the grid and the landscape, dense urban spaces, and open air rooms. This book is aimed at researchers, academics, and postgraduate students interested in Latin American architecture, modernism, and architectural history.
Genetically engineered bio-nanoparticles with co-expressed enzyme reporter and recognition element for IgG immunoassay

Abstract A bioluminescence-based immunoassay, relying on genetically engineered multifunctional outer membrane vesicles (OMVs, ∼50 nm) with co-expressed enzyme reporter and IgG-binding domain, has been developed for detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG), an important biomacromolecule in humoral immunity. OMVs with co-expressed IgG-binding domain (Z domain) and ATP-independent NanoLuc luciferase (∼150-fold more active than either the firefly (Photinus pyralis) or Renilla reniformis luciferase) were produced through simple fermentation of genetically engineered nano-vesicle-forming E. coli. The size and concentration of the as-produced multifunctional OMVs were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, respectively. To reduce the non-specific binding of OMVs during immunoassay, blocking agent test was systematically carried out before IgG detection. Sensitive detection of IgG was further demonstrated with the limit of detection of 5 ng/mL IgG, comparable to that of commercial IgG ELISA kit. The advantages of genetically engineered bio-nanoparticles (bio-NPs) containing both reporter and recognition element are cost-effective and scalable through simple cell cultures with high reproducibility and pre-determined biological functions, in comparison with the conventional costly enzyme-antibody conjugation used in immunoassay. This study opens a new pathway on the low-cost immunoassay by rational design of genetically engineered bio-NPs with integrated reporter/recognition function.
Evaluating current satellite capability to observe diurnal change in nitrogen oxides in preparation for geostationary satellite missions

This study characterizes the degree to which current polar-orbiting satellites can evaluate the daytime change in NO2 vertical column density (VCD) in urban, suburban, and rural areas. We examine these issues by considering the diurnal cycle of NO2 over the United States, using the large NO2 monitoring network supported by states, tribes, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Through this analysis, we identify the potential opportunities and limitations of current space-based NO2 data in capturing diurnal change. Ground-based monitoring data from the US EPA are compared with satellite retrievals of NO2 from the KNMI Tropospheric Emissions Monitoring Internet Service (TEMIS) for two instruments: GOME-2 with a mid-morning overpass, and OMI with an early afternoon overpass. Satellite data show evidence of higher morning NO2 in the vicinity of large urban areas. Both satellites and ground monitors show ~1.5-2x greater NO2 abundance between morning and afternoon in urban areas. Despite differences in horizontal resolution and overpass time, the two satellite retrievals show similar agreement with ground-based NO2 measurements. When analyzed on a pixel-by-pixel basis, we find evidence for spatial structure in the diurnal change in NO2 between city center and surrounding areas in Southern California. Wider analysis of urban-suburban structure in diurnal NO2 change is hindered by resolution differences in the two satellite instruments, which have the potential to create data artefacts. This study highlights the value of future geostationary instruments to provide comparable satellite retrievals for NO2 over the course of a day, and research needs related to the effective utilization of NO2 satellite data for air quality applications.
Microbial Fuel Cells: A Path to Green, Renewable Energy

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are clean, renewable energy sources and they generate self-sustaining clean energy through cellular respiration. MFCs do not require any external energy to operate and do not emit any excess greenhouse gases. MFCs can also be used for bioremediation by removing toxic materials by respiring a variety of metals and other harmful elements including iron and uranium. In this article, we have discussed the principles and designs of biofuel cells.
Applications Of The Interferometric Strain/Displacement Gage

This review article summarizes applications of the interferometric strain/displacement gage (ISDG). The laser-based ISDG measures in-plane surface deformation between two small reflecting surfaces by monitoring the interference fringe pattern motion. The short gage length (100 micrometers) and noncontacting nature are especially attractive in certain laboratory situations. Following a discussion of the measurement procedures, applications in dynamic loading, fatigue and fracture, and high temperature environments are reviewed.
Testimony on 'Competition in Digital Technology Markets: Examining Acquisitions of Nascent or Potential Competitors by Digital Platform' before the Senate Judiciary Committee, Antitrust Subcommittee

Is there a problem with large technology firms, or platforms, purchasing nascent competitors and suppressing competition before they can mature into vibrant competitors? Further, if there is a problem, are the current antitrust laws and the enforcement of those laws sufficient to combat the problem? If not, is there a legislative solution? These are all critical questions given that innovation and incentives to innovate are at the heart of all vibrant modern economies. This testimony explores these questions.
Is Permanent Pacing Indicated for this ECG Finding Following Alcohol Septal Ablation

Alcohol septal ablation for relief of left ventricular outflow obstruction from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with a risk of high grade heart block requiring permanent pacing. However, not all rhythms demonstrating A-V dissociation are indicative of complete and/or permanent heart block. We present a case of transient competing sinus and junctional rhythm following alcohol septal ablation which resolved spontaneously without clinical need for permanent pacemaker insertion.
Tyramide signal amplification mass spectrometry (TSA-MS) ratio identifies nuclear speckle proteins

We present a simple ratio method to infer protein composition within cellular structures using proximity labeling approaches but compensating for the diffusion of free radicals. We used tyramide signal amplification (TSA) and label-free mass spectrometry (MS) to compare proteins in nuclear speckles versus centromeres. Our "TSA-MS ratio" approach successfully identified known nuclear speckle proteins. For example, 96% and 67% of proteins in the top 30 and 100 sorted proteins, respectively, are known nuclear speckle proteins, including proteins that we validated here as enriched in nuclear speckles. We show that MFAP1, among the top 20 in our list, forms droplets under certain circumstances and that MFAP1 expression levels modulate the size, stability, and dynamics of nuclear speckles. Localization of MFAP1 and its binding partner, PRPF38A, in droplet-like nuclear bodies precedes formation of nuclear speckles during telophase. Our results update older proteomic studies of nuclear speckles and should provide a useful reference dataset to guide future experimental dissection of nuclear speckle structure and function.
The narrative games we play: Varied use of narrative strategies across genres and socioeconomic positions

Abstract Given that narratives are social products in function of the audience, genre of writing, purpose, and social histories and social memberships of the people who create them (Labov, 2006 [1966]), this study explores the role context plays in understanding and producing language and narrative. Specifically, I focus on the impact that genre and social history have on sense-making with the aim of demonstrating the contextual (as opposed to inherent and stable) nature of psychological functions. Adolescents from contrasting socioeconomic backgrounds around New York City were instructed to retell a story centered around injustice from the perspectives of the self, object, and subject of injustice, using different genres of writing, addressed at different audiences. I will demonstrate the shifts in narrative strategies used as a function of the writing genre, as well as how these shifts vary across two differently privileged socioeconomic groups.
Regularity for quasilinear PDEs in Carnot groups via Riemannian approximation

We study the interior regularity of weak solutions to subelliptic quasilinear PDEs in Carnot groups of the formΣi=1m1Xi (Φ(|∇Hu|2)Xiu) = 0.Here ∇Hu = (X1u,...,Xmiu) is the horizontal gradient, δ > 0 and the exponent p ∈ [2, p*), where p* depends on the step ν and the homogeneous dimension Q of the group, and it is given byp* = min {2ν ∕ ν-1 , 2Q+8 ∕ Q-2}.
Courses on Leadership for Lawyers: Two Models for Teaching Leadership Responsibilities

Law school courses and programs on leadership development have proliferated in recent years. Although concern has been expressed over whether leadership development teaching is “squishy,” and also about challenges in teaching soft skills to lawyers and law students, research indicates that these soft skills are important for effective leadership. This article addresses additional concerns. Should teaching soft skills be complemented by an introduction to leadership responsibilities? And what framework is appropriate for teaching these responsibilities?
Hydrogel Models with Stiffness Gradients for Interrogating Pancreatic Cancer Cell Fate

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and has seen only modest improvements in patient survival rate over the past few decades. PDAC is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, owing to the presence of a dense and hypovascularized fibrotic tissue, which is composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrices. Increase deposition and crosslinking of matrices by stromal cells lead to a heterogeneous microenvironment that aids in PDAC development. In the past decade, various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate aspects of the tumor microenvironment in PDAC. Advances in hydrogel chemistry and engineering should provide a venue for discovering new insights regarding how matrix properties govern PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. These engineered hydrogels are ideal for understanding how variation in matrix properties contributes to the progressiveness of cancer cells, including durotaxis, the directional migration of cells in response to a stiffness gradient. This review surveys the various hydrogel-based, in vitro tumor models and the methods to generate gradient stiffness for studying migration and other cancer cell fate processes in PDAC.
Increased Glenoid Index as a Risk Factor for Pediatric and Adolescent Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation: An MRI-Based, Case-Control Study.

Background:In adults, anterior glenohumeral instability has been associated with a tall and narrow glenoid morphology, assessed using the glenoid index (GI; glenoid height-to-width ratio) on magnet...
Genome and transcriptome of a pathogenic yeast, Candida nivariensis.

We present a highly contiguous genome and transcriptome of the pathogenic yeast, Candida nivariensis. We sequenced both the DNA and RNA of this species using both the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Illumina platforms. We assembled the genome into an 11.8 Mb draft composed of 16 contigs with an N50 of 886 Kb, including a circular mitochondrial sequence of 28 Kb. Using direct RNA nanopore sequencing and Illumina cDNA sequencing, we constructed an annotation of our new assembly, supplemented by lifting over genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata.
Branchboozle: a side-channel within a hidden pattern history table of modern branch prediction units

We present Branchboozle, a side-channel that can be configured on top of a hidden Pattern History Table (PHT) now found in modern Branch Prediction Units (BPUs). In a similar fashion to known BranchScope attacks, Branchboozle works by closely monitoring the directional predictions issued by the BPU, i.e., whether a branch is predicted Taken or Non-Taken. However, our attack exclusively focuses on analyzing the predictions issued by a secondary, mostly-undocumented 3-bit PHT, whereas BranchScope attacks manipulate the predictions issued by a textbook-like 2-bit PHT. This work describes how Branchboozle can configure an extremely robust covert-channel among independent processes that works even across the physical threads of an execution core with Simultaneous Multi-Threading technology. Additionally, we demonstrate that branches protected by Intel's Software Guard eXtensions are also vulnerable to our attack setting. Finally, we illustrate how Branchboozle can potentiate transient execution attacks dependent on branch direction misprediction, i.e., Spectre Variant 1.
Statogenic Climate Change? Julian Simon and Institutions

Outside of economics (and even within), Julian Simon is mostly remembered for his famous bet on resource prices against biologist Paul Ehrlich. The bet is frequently used to illustrate how some environmental scares are exaggerated. In the rare instances when more details are added, the emphasis is always on how the role of innovation in promoting socio-economic progress which, directly or indirectly, solves environmental problems. However, Simon had a rich and complex view of the role of institutions in modulating the pace of socio-economic progress (broadly defined) and the extent of environmental problems. In this paper, I highlight the unappreciated institutional conditions that Simon placed in his work. Institutions that foiled or distorted the market process had, in Simon’s view, the dual effect of reducing living standards and amplifying environmental problems. I show, using the case of climate change, that Simon’s forgotten nuances can help explain modern environmental problems such as climate change. Most notably, it allows a subtle shift from claiming that climate change is anthropogenic (i.e. man-made) to claiming that climate change is “statogenic” (i.e. government-made).
Preconditioning for the Navier-Stokes equations with finite-rate chemistry

The preconditioning procedure for generalized finite-rate chemistry and the proper preconditioning for the one-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are presented. Eigenvalue stiffness is resolved and convergence-rate acceleration is demonstrated over the entire Mach-number range from the incompressible to the hypersonic. Specific benefits are realized at low and transonic flow speeds. The extended preconditioning matrix accounts for thermal and chemical non-equilibrium and its implementation is explained for both explicit and implicit time marching. The effect of higher-order spatial accuracy and various flux splittings is investigated. Numerical analysis reveals the possible theoretical improvements from using proconditioning at all Mach numbers. Numerical results confirm the expectations from the numerical analysis. Representative test cases include flows with previously troublesome embedded high-condition-number regions.
Csp1, A Cold-Shock Protein Homolog in Xylella fastidiosa Influences Pili Formation, Stress Response, and Gene Expression

Bacterial cold shock-domain proteins (CSPs) are conserved nucleic acid binding chaperones that play important roles in stress adaptation and pathogenesis. Csp1 is a temperature-independent cold shock protein homolog in Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterial plant pathogen of grapevine and other economically important crops. Csp1 contributes to stress tolerance and virulence in X. fastidiosa. However, besides general single stranded nucleic acid binding activity, little is known about the specific function(s) of this protein. To further investigate the role(s) of Csp1, we compared phenotypic differences between wild type and a csp1 deletion mutant ({Delta}csp1). We observed decreases in cellular aggregation and surface attachment with the {Delta}csp1 strain compared to the wild type. Transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed that {Delta}csp1 had reduced pili compared to the wild type and complemented strains. The {Delta}csp1 strain also showed reduced survival after long term growth, in vitro. Since Csp1 binds DNA and RNA, its influence on gene expression was also investigated. Long-read Nanopore RNA-Seq analysis of wild type and {Delta}csp1 revealed changes in expression of several genes important for attachment and biofilm formation in {Delta}csp1. One gene of intertest, pilA1, encodes a type IV pili subunit protein and was up regulated in {Delta}csp1. Deleting pilA1 increased surface attachment in vitro and reduced virulence in grapevines. X. fastidiosa virulence depends on bacterial attachment to host tissue and movement within and between xylem vessels. Our results show Csp1 may play a role in both virulence and stress tolerance by influencing expression of genes important for biofilm formation. ImportanceXylella fastidiosa is a major threat to the worldwide agriculture industry (1, 2). Despite its global importance, many aspects of X. fastidiosa biology and pathogenicity are poorly understood. There are currently few effective solutions to suppress X. fastidiosa disease development or eliminate bacteria from infected plants(3). Recently, disease epidemics due to X. fastidiosa have greatly expanded(2, 4, 5), exacerbating the need for better disease prevention and control strategies. Our studies show that Csp1 is involved in X. fastidiosa virulence and stress tolerance. Understanding how Csp1 influences pathogenesis and bacteria survival can aide in developing novel pathogen and disease control strategies. We also streamlined a bioinformatics protocol to process and analyze long read Nanopore bacterial RNA-Seq data, which has previously not been reported for X. fastidiosa.
Searching for a route to synthesize in situ epitaxial Pr2Ir2O7 thin films with thermodynamic methods

In situ growth of pyrochlore iridate thin films has been a long-standing challenge due to the low reactivity of Ir at low temperatures and the vaporization of volatile gas species such as IrO3(g) and IrO2(g) at high temperatures and high PO2. To address this challenge, we combine thermodynamic analysis of the Pr-Ir-O2 system with experimental results from the conventional physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique of co-sputtering. Our results indicate that only high growth temperatures yield films with crystallinity sufficient for utilizing and tailoring the desired topological electronic properties and the in situ synthesis of Pr2Ir2O7 thin films is fettered by the inability to grow with PO2 on the order of 10 Torr at high temperatures, a limitation inherent to the PVD process. Thus, we suggest techniques capable of supplying high partial pressure of key species during deposition, in particular chemical vapor deposition (CVD), as a route to synthesis of Pr2Ir2O7.
Effects of maternal psychological stress during pregnancy on offspring brain development: Considering the role of inflammation and potential for preventive intervention.

Heightened psychological stress during pregnancy has repeatedly been associated with increased risk for offspring development of behavior problems and psychiatric disorders. This review covers a rapidly growing body of research with the potential to advance a mechanistic understanding of these associations grounded in knowledge about maternal-placental-fetal stress biology and fetal brain development. Specifically, we highlight research employing magnetic resonance imaging to examine the infant brain soon after birth in relation to maternal psychological stress during pregnancy to increase capacity to identify specific alterations in brain structure and function and to differentiate between effects of pre- versus postnatal exposures. We then focus on heightened maternal inflammation during pregnancy as a mechanism through which maternal stress influences the developing fetal brain based on extensive preclinical literature and emerging research in humans. We place these findings in the context of recent work identifying psychotherapeutic interventions found to be effective for reducing psychological stress among pregnant individuals, which also show promise for reducing inflammation. We argue that a focus on inflammation, among other mechanistic pathways, has the potential to lead to a productive and necessary integration of research focused on the effects of maternal psychological stress on offspring brain development and prevention and intervention studies aimed at reducing maternal psychological stress during pregnancy. In addition to increasing capacity for common measurements and understanding potential mechanisms of action relevant to maternal mental health and fetal neurodevelopment, this focus can inform and broaden thinking about prevention and intervention strategies.
First Interlude Inadequacy of Simple Encapsulation

A little experience with the use of abstract data types shows that it often isn’t entirely possible to hide the implementation of a type. A common example arises in the case where a data structure is used to contain a collection of individual values and the program needs to iterate systematically through these values. Unless the programming language provides a way to access these values through the abstract data type, the application program will have to make explicit references to the data structure, thereby compromising any attempt to suppress and localize details of the implementation.
The Catalytic Manganese Cluster: Organization of the Metal Ions

The light-induced oxidation of water to O2 is catalyzed by a four-manganese atom cluster associated with Photosystem II (PS II). This chapter summarizes ongoing investigations of the oxidation state, the structure and the associated cofactors calcium and chloride of the catalytic Mn cluster using X-ray and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Manganese K-edge X-ray spectroscopy, Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies have not only determined the oxidation states and structural features, but also changes that occur in oxidation state of the Mn cluster and in its structural organization during the accumulation of oxidizing equivalents leading to O2 formation. Combining X-ray spectroscopy information with X-ray diffraction studies, and consistent with the available EPR data, we have succeeded in limiting the range of likely structures of the Mn cluster. EXAFS studies at the strontium and calcium K-edges have provided evidence that the catalytic center is a Mn/Ca heteronuclear complex. Based on the X-ray spectroscopy data, models for the structure and a mechanism for O2 evolution are presented.
Suspension of Symplectic Twist Maps by Hamiltonians

We extend some results of Moser [17], Bialy and Polterovitch [1], on the suspension of symplectic twist maps by Hamiltonian flows.
Implications of Navier-Stokes turbulence theory for plasma turbulence

Plasma turbulence is considered within the framework of the Navier-Stokes turbulence theory. Two-dimensional turbulence is discussed, noting inverse cascades, and compared to three-dimensional turbulence. MHD turbulence is described with reference to applications of the Navier-Stokes theory and the possibility of inverse magnetic cascades. Turbulence in Vlasov plasmas is outlined on the basis of the direct interaction approximation developed for Navier-Stokes fluids (Kraichnan, 1958-1959).