cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conditions for separability in generalized Laplacian matrices and diagonally dominant matrices as density matrices

Abstract Recently, Laplacian matrices of graphs are studied as density matrices in quantum mechanics. We continue this study and give conditions for separability of generalized Laplacian matrices of weighted graphs with unit trace. In particular, we show that the Peres–Horodecki positive partial transpose condition is necessary and sufficient for separability in C 2 ⊗ C q . In addition, we present sufficient conditions for separability of generalized Laplacian matrices and diagonally dominant matrices.
AtMYB4: a transcription factor general in the battle against UV

Mounting evidence indicates that members of the large family of plant MYB proteins are involved in the transcriptional regulation of an array of metabolic and developmental processes. Recently, the Arabidopsis thaliana MYB, AtMYB4, was shown to regulate the accumulation of the UV-protectant compound sinapoylmalate by repressing the transcription of the gene encoding the phenylpropanoid enzyme cinnamate 4-hydroxylase. AtMYB4 is thus a key regulator of phenylpropanoid pathway gene expression, and is the first example of a MYB protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor.
Encouraging Social Innovation in Global Organizations: Integrating Planned and Emergent Approaches

The idea of social innovation suggests that entrepreneurial, developmental activities are done with virtuous intent. This intent can be translated into action through two approaches: (1) the planned approach fosters hierarchically driven innovation and (2) the emergent approach fosters bottom-up, self-organizing innovation. Both approaches have a role to play in the translation of virtuous intent to social innovation. Each relates to different forms of emergence. Artificial emergence is consistent with the planned approach, whereas natural emergence is consistent with the emergent approach. The integrated approach incorporates both forms, as illustrated by a case example of activities at World Vision.
Rapid estimation of electric vehicle acceptance using a general description of driving patterns

Abstract A reliable estimate of the potential for electrification of personal automobiles in a given region is dependent on detailed understanding of vehicle usage in that region. While broad measures of driving behavior, such as annual miles traveled or the ensemble distribution of daily travel distances are widely available, they cannot be predictors of the range needs or fuel-saving potential that influence an individual purchase decision. Studies that record details of individual vehicle usage over a sufficient time period are available for only a few regions in the US. In this paper we compare statistical characterization of four such studies (three in the US, one in Germany) and find remarkable similarities between them, and that they can be described quite accurately by properly chosen set of distributions. This commonality gives high confidence that ensemble data can be used to predict the spectrum of usage and acceptance of alternative vehicles in general. This generalized representation of vehicle usage may also be a powerful tool in estimating real-world fuel consumption and emissions.
Pirbenicillin, a New Semisynthetic Penicillin with Broad-Spectrum Activity

Pirbenicillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin which inhibited 67% of isolates of Proteus aeruginosa tested in our laboratory, 93% of P. mirabilis , 31% of Enterobacter spp., 41% of Serratia spp., and 58% of Escherichia coli at a concentration of 6.25 μg/ml. Its activity appeared to be inoculum dependent and it was virtually inactive against 10 7 inocula of P. aeruginosa . It was more active than carbenicillin or ticarcillin, but less active than BL-P1654 against P. aeruginosa . Carbenicillin and ticarcillin appeared to be more active than pirbenicillin against Proteus spp., but pirbenicillin was active against some isolates of Klebsiella spp.
Parents’ Trust in Their Child’s Physician: Using an Adapted Trust in Physician Scale

Objectives To assess the performance of the Pediatric Trust in Physician Scale (Pedi-TiPS) that refers to a child's physician and is a modified version of the Trust in Physician Scale (TiPS), and to explore the association of trust to demographic variables. Methods We performed a cross-sectional survey of parents in pediatric specialty and primary care sites. Parents completed an anonymous questionnaire that included the Pedi-TiPS. Our main outcome variable was total Pedi-TiPS score (higher scores=higher trust). Reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha. Bivariate comparisons and linear regression modeling explored potential associations between demographic variables and total score. Results Five hundred twenty-six parents completed surveys (73% response rate). The mean total score was 45.4 (SD 6), with good internal consistency (α = .84). In bivariate analysis, lower scores were associated with being a father ( P = 0.03), older parent age ( P = 0.02), private insurance status ( P P = 0.04), and not having a child age P = 0.03). In a regression model adjusted for other factors, parents who were either African American ( P = 0.05), or "other" race ( P P = 0.02), and parents who had no children P = 0.04) had lower trust. Conclusions The Pedi-TiPS has properties similar to the original instrument. We found associations between trust and demographic factors that should be confirmed with further studies.
The effects of continuous morphine infusion on diet selection and body weight

Abstract The administration of morphine causes a short-term increase in food intake, and repeated administration of morphine has been shown to cause progressively larger increases in intake and/or the relative intake of dietary fat. In this experiment, we measured the effects of continuous morphine infusions on diet choice and total intake. Male rats were given ad lib access to two diets: a high-carbohydrate diet (80% carbohydrate, 20% protein) and a high-fat diet (80% fat, 20% protein). Diet intakes were measured daily for 21 days. Via the implantation of osmotic minipumps, one group received continuous infusions of morphine sulfate (approx. 2.8 mg/kg/h) for days 1–7 and of saline for days 8–14. A second group was infused with saline for days 1–7 and with morphine for days 8–14. A third group received sham surgery but no minipumps. Total caloric intake was significantly decreased on the final 6 days of morphine infusions. The percentage of total caloric intake consumed from the high-fat diet was significantly increased for the first 2–3 days of morphine treatment; this effect was due to an initial reduction in carbohydrate intake and an increase in fat intake. Over the course of the infusion period, fat intake gradually decreased and carbohydrate intake increased. The effects of morphine when infused on days 1–7 were similar to those observed when the drug was infused during days 8–14. Termination of morphine infusions caused significant decreases in body weight gain and total daily intake and tended to decrease relative preference for the high-fat diet; daily intake generally returned to control (sham) levels within 4–5 days. These effects (a sustained decrease in total intake with only an initial increase in fat preference) differ from those reported after repeated intermittent administration of morphine in short-term trials.
Optical excitations in organic molecules, clusters, and defects studied by first-principles Green's function methods

Spectroscopic and optical properties of nanosystems and point defects are discussed within the framework of Green's function methods. We use an approach based on evaluating the self-energy in the so-called GW approximation and solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the space of single-particle transitions. Plasmon-pole models or numerical energy integration, which have been used in most of the previous GW calculations, are not used. Fourier transforms of the dielectric function are also avoided. This approach is applied to benzene, naphthalene, passivated silicon clusters (containing more than one hundred atoms), and the $F$ center in LiCl. In the latter, excitonic effects and the $1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2p$ defect line are identified in the energy-resolved dielectric function. We also compare optical spectra obtained by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation and by using time-dependent density-functional theory in the local, adiabatic approximation. From this comparison, we conclude that both methods give similar predictions for optical excitations in benzene and naphthalene, but they differ in the spectra of small silicon clusters. As cluster size increases, both methods predict very low cross section for photoabsorption in the optical and near ultraviolet ranges. For the larger clusters, the computed cross section shows a slow increase as a function of photon frequency. Ionization potentials and electron affinities of molecules and clusters are also calculated.
Another breakthrough, another baby thrown out with the bathwater

‘Process-oriented pedagogy: facilitation, empowerment, or control?’ claims that process-oriented pedagogy (POP) represents the methodological perspective of most practising teachers and that outcomes-based education (OBE) poses a real and present danger to stakeholder autonomy. Whereas POP may characterize methodological practices in the inner circle primary school context described by Littlewood, it does not fairly characterize practices in most L2 classrooms. Littlewood's dichotomy of product and process is better understood in terms of direct and indirect teaching. Effective pedagogy seeks an appropriate balance of direct and indirect teaching in diverse contexts in order to fulfil particular student goals. OBE helps identify and make explicit learning goals and empower students to attain those goals. Raising fears of control and totalitarianism demonizes OBE. We need to accept both OBE and POP as enriching the repertoires of teachers and their ability to respond to the complex and changing needs of their students.
A case of recurrent pancytopenia in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia on maintenance chemotherapy and concomitant methyltetrahydrofolate reductase and thiopurine S-methyltransferase mutation - review of literature.

Pharmacogenetics is a study of how genetic variation of an individual affects the drug response. We report a case of recurrent pancytopenia resulting from maintenance chemotherapy in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia and two pharmacogenetic mutations, namely, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T homozygous mutation and thiopurine methyltransferase mutation.
Molecular Recognition at an Organic−Aqueous Interface: Heterocalixarenes as Anion Binding Agents in Liquid Polymeric Membrane Ion-Selective Electrodes

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)-derived ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been prepared from a neutral anion binding receptor, meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (1). Analogous systems were also prepared from the novel pyridine-containing analogues of 1, namely dichlorocalix[2]pyrrole[2]pyridine (2) and tetrachlorocalix[4]pyridine (3). At lower pH values (i.e., 3.5 and 5.5), ISEs derived from 1 display strong anionic (negative slope) responses toward Br-, Cl-, and H2PO4- and, to a much lesser extent, F-. By contrast, at high pH (i.e., pH 9.0) ISEs derived from 1 not only display cationic (positive slope) responses toward chloride and bromide anions but also selectivities (i.e., Br- < Cl- < OH- ≈ F- < HPO42-) that are non-Hofmeister in nature. This is considered consistent with the PVC-supported receptor 1 behaving as a direct anion binding agent at low pH but acting, at least in part, as an hydroxide-complexing receptor at higher pH. For the ISEs based on 2 and 3, no special non-Hofmeister selectivity is observ...
Coping and medication adherence in bipolar disorder.

Abstract Background: Effective treatment of bipolar disorder depends on medication adherence, yet few correlates of adherence have been identified. The pleasure experienced during some manic episodes may render some individuals reluctant to adhere to medications that reduce these ‘highs’. Clinical observers identify denial of the severity or existence of illness as common to both bipolar disorder and addiction. The Alcoholics Anonymous model promotes acceptance as a pathway to abstinence adherence. This report hypothesized that acceptance coping would correlate positively and denial coping would correlate inversely with adherence to mood-stabilizing medication among individuals with bipolar disorder. Methods: Thirty-two participants diagnosed with bipolar I disorder were administered scales from the Brief COPE and an adherence self-report measure. Results: Consistent with hypotheses, curvilinear relationships between acceptance and denial with adherence were detected, suggesting that low levels of acceptance and high levels of denial undermine medication adherence. Limitations: Given the cross-sectional, naturalistic design of the study, no causal inferences can be made. Conclusions: The results uncover links between coping styles and adherence in a psychiatric population. The link between acceptance–denial coping, and mature, self-supportive behavior may point the way towards more effective psychosocial interventions.
Finite difference modeling of coherent wave amplification in the Earth's radiation belts

Modeling of gyroresonant wave-particle interactions in the radiation belts requires solving the Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations in an inhomogenous background geomagnetic field. Previous works have employed particle-in-cell methods or Eulerian solvers (such as the Vlasov Hybrid Simulation code) to provide numerical solutions to the problem. In this report, we provide an alternative numerical approach by utilizing a first order finite difference upwind scheme. When coupled to the narrowband Maxwell's equations, the model reproduces linear as well as nonlinear wave growth of coherent signals. Wave growth is nonlinear growth when the wave amplitude exceeds the minimum value for phase trapping of counterstreaming particles and is linear otherwise. The model also demonstrates free-running frequency variation for a case with a high linear growth rate. In addition, the model confirms the theoretical prediction of a stable “phase-space hole” during the nonlinear growth process. The plasma parameters and L shell used in this study are typical of those associated with the Siple Station wave injection experiment.
Selective oxidation of butane on phosphorus-modified silica supported vanadia catalysts

Triethylphosphate impregnation of 2.8 wt% V/SiO2 and subsequent controlled calcination produced phosphorus-modified supported vanadium catalysts. Phosphorus modification enhanced the yield of maleic anhydride in the partial oxidation of butane. Varying the phosphorus to vanadium atomic ratio from 0 to 2.8 increased the selectivity to maleic anhydride from 0 to approximately 48%. The selectivity was nearly constant up to 20% butane conversion and for different O2/C4H10 ratios. The Raman spectra of the phosphorus-modified samples had bands at 1040 and 930 cm−1, and broad unresolved bands between 580 and 540 cm−1. It was concluded that the active phases in these samples were α-VOPO4.
The relationship between intercultural and nonverbal communication revisited: From facial expression to discrimination

The inclusion of nonverbal communication has given communication studies a broader range of cross‐cultural application and eliminated some “blind spots” in intercultural communication. Theories of nonverbal communication can now be applied to study discrimination in intercultural contexts. Some modules of discrimination are proposed to suggest a new relationship between intercultural communication and nonverbal communication studies.
Compression after Impact: Damage Characterization of Multi-Directional 10-Ply Carbon- Epoxy Prepreg Laminates Subject to Quasi-Static Impact Force

During the course of service, aerospace structures inevitably will suffer some form of damage, including the possibility of impact. Two general types of impact damage, either resulting from a quasi-static force or a dynamic impulse force, characterize the nature of impact threats for analysis and experimentation in a lab setting. Using ASTM D7137 Standard Test method for Compressive Residual Strength Properties of Damaged Polymer Matrix Composite, this study subjects multidirectional carbon-fiber/epoxy laminates to Compression After Impact (CAI) tests to determine whether the results may be used to characterize and quantify the effects of impact damage on laminate compressive strength. Characterization of impact damage in regions of a structure subject to high-strain compression could assist decision-making in implementing repairs. In addition, this paper examines the effects of different impacting patterns on the behavior in compression.
Racial differences in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations and insulin dynamics during oral glucose tolerance test in obese subjects.

Obese African-American (AA) subjects have higher resting and stimulated insulin concentrations than obese Caucasians (C), which could not be explained by the severity of obesity or the degree of insulin sensitivity. We investigated whether differences in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), the most potent incretin that regulates insulin secretion, might explain racial differences in insulin response. Accordingly, we measured fasting and stimulated glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels during a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 26 obese C (age 38±2 y, body mass index 44±1 kg/m2) and 16 obese AA (age 36±2 y, BMI 46±2 kg/m2) subjects. Corrected insulin response (CIR30), a measure of β-cell activity, whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI), and area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, GLP-1, and C-peptide/insulin ratio were computed from the OGTT. Glucose levels, fasting and during the OGTT, were similar between racial groups; 32% of the C and 31% of the AA subjects had impaired glucose tolerance. With a similar WBISI, AAs had significantly higher CIR30 (2.3±0.4 vs 1.01±0.1), insulin response (IAUC: 23 974±4828 vs 14 478±1463), and lower insulin clearance (0.07±0.01 vs 0.11±0.01) than C (all, P<0.01). Obese AAs also had higher fasting GLP-1 (6.7±2.5 vs 4.5±1.1) and GLP-1AUC (1174.7±412 vs 822.4±191) than C (both, P<0.02). Our results indicate that obese AAs had higher concentrations of GLP-1 both at fasting and during the OGTT than obese C. The increased GLP-1 concentration could explain the greater insulin concentration and the increased prevalence of hyperinsulinemia-associated disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes in AAs.
The concept of “state” in discrete dynamic programming☆

Dynamic programming problems have always been stated in terms of stages, states, decisions, rewards, and transformations. This paper investigates the possibility of starting the analysis with a much simpler, i.e., coarser, structure than is commonly required. It establishes necessary and sufficient conditions for the analysis of such generally stated problems by the methodology of dynamic programming.
PHA SYNTHASE FROM CHROMATIUM VINOSUM : CYSTEINE 149 IS INVOLVED IN COVALENT CATALYSIS

Polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (PHA) from Chromatium vinosum catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (HB-CoA) to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and CoA. The synthase is composed of a approximately 1:1 mixture of two subunits, PhaC and PhaE. Size-exclusion chromatography indicates that in solution PhaC and PhaE exist as large molecular weight aggregates. The holo-enzyme, PhaEC, has a specific activity of 150 units/mg. Each subunit was cloned, expressed, and purified as a (His)6-tagged construct. The PhaC-(His)6 protein catalyzed polymerization with a specific activity of 0.9 unit/mg; the PhaE-(His)6 protein was inactive (specific activity <0.001 unit/mg). Addition of PhaE-(His)6 to PhaC-(His)6 increased the activity several 100-fold. To investigate the priming step of the polymerization process, the PhaEC was incubated with a trimer of HB-CoA in which the terminal hydroxyl was replaced with tritium ([3H]-sT-CoA). After Sephadex G50 chromatography, the synthase contained approximately 0.25 equiv of the labile label per PhaC. Incubation of [3H]-sT-synthase with HB-CoA resulted in production of [3H]-polymer. Digestion of [3H]-sT-synthase with trypsin and HPLC analysis resulted in isolation of three labeled peptides. Sequencing by ion trap mass spectrometry showed that they were identical and that they each contained an altered cysteine (C149). One peptide contained the [3H]-sT while the other two contained, in addition to the [3H]-sT, one and two additional monomeric HBs, respectively. Mutation of C149 to alanine gave inactive synthase. The remaining two cysteines of PhaC, 292 and 130, were also mutated to alanine. The former had wild-type (wt) activity, while the latter had 0.004 wt % activity and was capable of making polymer. A mechanism is proposed in which PhaC contains all the elements essential for catalysis and the polymerization proceeds by covalent catalysis using C149 and potentially C130.
Impact of technology trends on SEU in CMOS SRAMs

The impact of technology trends on the SEU hardness of epitaxial CMOS SRAMs is investigated using three-dimensional simulation. We study trends in SEU susceptibility with parameter variations across and within technology generations. Upset mechanisms for various strike locations and their dependence on gate-length scaling are explored. Such studies are useful for technology development and providing input for process and design decisions. An application of SEU simulation, to the development of a 0.5-/spl mu/m radiation-hardened CMOS SRAM is presented.
The Brachial Plexus: Development and Assessment of a Computer Based Learning Tool

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the use of multimedia technology to simplify study of the brachial plexus. A combination of newly-rendered illustrations, animations, explanatory text, and a set of printable sample questions were combined into a program to provide a tutorial for the brachial plexus. One aspect of the program is an animation showing the development of the brachial plexus from its developmental origins that illustrates limb rotation and the resulting adult anatomy and dermatomal arrangement. The cross-platform program requires Quicktime 3.0 and is packaged on CD-ROM. Student evaluation of the program highlights its ease of use and intuitive navigation. User evaluation provides validation that the use of illustrations and animations is beneficial to user’s understanding and retention of the material. Future plans involve incorporation of pathologic images in order to enhance the clinical relevance of the product. Keywords: computer program, anatomy, development, embryology, animation, CD-ROM
Locally passive hybrid sensing tags based on flexible substrates and surface acoustic wave devices

This paper describes the integration of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, microfabricated transmission lines, and sensors onto polymer substrates to enable a passive wireless sensor platform. Incident microwave pulses on the integrated antenna are converted to an acoustic wave via the SAW filter and transmitted to a notional impedance-based sensor, which for this work is a photodiode. Changes in sensor state induce a corresponding change in impedance resulting in a reflectance profile. Data collected at a calibrated receiver can be used to infer the state of the sensor. Based on this principle, light flux intensity is wirelessly sensed at distances up to 3.6 m.
Age, gender and patterns of common intense fears among adults

Abstract Questionnaires with ratings of 133 fear items were returned by 345 women and 200 men in northwestern Indiana. Respondents ranged in age from 15 to 89 yrs. Items having at least 10% of the responses rated as terror in one of the age groups were analyzed across age. Females showed five patterns as age increased: stability of fear; increasing fear; decreasing fear; increasing fear followed by a decrease in the older groups; and decreasing fear followed by an increase in the older groups. The predominant pattern among males was a sharp decrease after the younger age groups to very low levels in the older groups. Two common intense fears—those of harmless spiders and harmless snakes—seem to meet the theoretical criteria for biological preparedness. It is concluded that the preponderance of common intense fears of adults are the result of cultural and experiential influences.
Alarm correlation and fault identification in communication networks

Presents an approach for modeling and solving the problem of fault identification and alarm correlation in large communication networks. A single fault in a large network may result in a large number of alarms, and it is often very difficult to isolate the true cause of the fault. This appears to be one of the most important difficulties in managing faults in today's networks. The problem may become worse in the case of multiple faults. The authors present a general methodology for solving the alarm correlation and fault identification problem. They propose a new alarm structure, propose a general model for representing the network, and give two algorithms which can solve the alarm correlation and fault identification problem in the presence of multiple faults. These algorithms differ in the degree of accuracy achieved in identifying the fault, and in the degree of complexity required for implementation. >
New Evidence Doubles the Seismic Potential of the Hayward Fault

INTRODUCTION The Hayward Fault produced its last major (M7) earthquake in 1868 (Figure 1). It is widely considered to be the most hazardous fault in the San Francisco Bay region. In large part, this is because it lies so close to a densely populated urban corridor that has an abundance of old structures highly vulnerable to seismic hazard. The probability of a major earthquake on this fault was estimated to be 45% in thirty years (Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, 1990). In 1991, Lienkaemper et al. (hereinafter referred to as L91) estimated the potential for seismic slip along the entire length and depth of the fault zone. Recent studies have provided new information relevant to the seismic potential of the fault, which results in markedly larger estimates of its present potential for producing major earthquakes. Here we define the seismic potential as the total seismic moment on all parts...
Information and Risk Perception: A Dynamic Adjustment Process

It is common in catastrophic food-contamination events that consumers fail to adjust instantaneously to a normal consumption level. One explanation is that consumers only gradually accept new positive information as being trustworthy. The gradual establishment of the trustworthiness of the released information depends on both positive and negative media coverage over time. We examine the individual “trust” effects by extending the prospective reference theory (Viscusi, 1989) to include a dynamic adjustment process of risk perception. Conditions that allow aggregation of changes in risk perceptions across individuals are described. The proposed model describes a general updating process of risk perceptions to media coverage and can be applied to explain the temporal impact of media coverage on consumption of a broad range of goods (food or nonfood). A case study of milk contamination is conducted to demonstrate consumer demand adjustment process to a temporarily unfavorable shock. The results suggest that effects of positive and negative information to adjustment of consumption and risk perception are asymmetric over time.
The Gendered Nature of Risk Factors for Delinquency

Traditional delinquency theories typically exclude girls and examine economic marginalization as the primary risk factor for boys. More recent mainstream theories expand the childhood strains associated with delinquency but fail to account for the link between childhood abuses and subsequent offending reported in the feminist pathways studies of girls and women. In addition, policies since the 1990s request the development of “gender-specific services” for delinquent girls without examining how the risks are gendered. This study of 444 incarcerated youths’ self-reports indicates the contribution of feminist pathways to better understand the risks associated with and improve the responses to girls’ and boys’ delinquency by examining demographic, abuse, family, school and peer, and self-esteem variables.
Taking Posner Seriously

Etude de la conception de la justification morale et juridique developpee par R. Posner dans on ouvrage intitule «Problematique de la theorie morale et juridique» (1999). Examinant le debat entre Posner et Dworkin sur la question de la morale politique et du droit constitutionnel, l'A. montre que Posner rejette la theorie morale de l'autonomie au profit d'une approche pragmatique de la jurisprudence qui le distingue des autres theoriciens postmodernes.
Analytic evaluation of singular boundary integrals without CPV

Boundary integral equations are generally derived by employing a Cauchy Principal Value definition for the singular integral involving the derivative of the Green function. As a consequence, evaluation of this integral requires special attention, and computing the associated ‘solid angle coefficient’ can often pose difficulties. As discussed herein, these problems can be avoided by defining the integral directly, in terms of a limit to the boundary. This approach leads to a straightforward evaluation procedure.
The Common Intrusion Specification Language: a retrospective

The Common Intrusion Detection Framework (CIDF) has as its main goal the development of a means whereby independently developed intrusion detection, analysis and response systems and components can share information and thereby interoperate. The main product of CIDF is the Common Intrusion Specification Language (CISL), in which expressions about attacks, anomalies and response prescriptions can be generated and encoded. In this paper, we discuss the development and structure of the language.
Increased emergency department use by adolescents and young adults with eating disorders.

Objective: This study describes patterns of emergency department (ED) utilization by patients who screen positive for eating disorders. Method: ED patients aged 14–20 years (n = 1,920) completed a computerized questionnaire. The analyses compared the rates of ED use between patients who screened positive for an eating disorder and those who did not and examined the reasons for ED use amongst patients with eating disorders. Results: ED patients who screened positive for eating disorders were significantly more likely to have previously visited the ED and, on average, utilized the ED at a rate 1.6 times higher than patients who screen negative for eating disorders. The most common chief complaints among patients who screen positive for eating disorders were abdominal pain and other gastrointestinal-related problems. Discussion: Patients with eating disorders utilize the ED more frequently than those without and commonly present for complaints seemingly unrelated to their eating disorder. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Cigarette Smoking and Quit Attempts Among Injection Drug Users in Tijuana, Mexico

INTRODUCTION Injection drug use and cigarette smoking are major global health concerns. Limited data exist regarding cigarette smoking behavior and quit attempts among injection drug users (IDUs) in low- and middle-income countries to inform the development of cigarette smoking interventions. We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe cigarette smoking behavior and quit attempts among IDUs in Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS IDUs were recruited through community outreach and administered in-person interviews. Multivariable Poisson regression models were constructed to determine prevalence ratios (PRs) for quit attempts. RESULTS Of the 670 participants interviewed, 601 (89.7%) were current smokers. Of these, median number of cigarettes smoked daily was 10; 190 (31.6%) contemplated quitting smoking in the next 6 months; 132 (22.0%) had previously quit for ≥1 year; and 124 (20.6%) had made a recent quit attempt (lasting ≥1 day during the previous 6 months). In multivariable analysis, recent quit attempts were positively associated with average monthly income (≥3,500 pesos [US$280] vs. <1,500 pesos [US$120]; PR = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.57-3.36), smoking marijuana (PR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.01-2.90), and smoking heroin (PR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.23-2.78), and they were negatively associated with number of cigarettes smoked daily (PR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94-0.98). CONCLUSIONS One out of 5 IDUs attempted to quit cigarette smoking during the previous 6 months. Additional research is needed to improve the understanding of the association between drug use patterns and cigarette smoking quit attempts, including the higher rate of quit attempts observed among IDUs who smoke marijuana or heroin compared with IDUs who do not smoke these substances.
The Role of Compressional Viscoelasticity in the Lubrication of Rolling Contacts

A simple model for the time-dependent volume response of a liquid to an applied pressure step is used to calculate the variation with rolling speed of the traction coefficient in a rolling contact system. Good agreement with experimental results is obtained at rolling speeds above 50 in/sec. At lower rolling speeds a very rapid change in the effective viscosity of the lubricant is predicted. This behavior, in conjunction with shear rate effects, is shown to lead to large errors when experimental data are extrapolated to zero rolling speed.
Social Conflict and Regime Formation: A Comparative Study of South Korea and Costa Rica

This article seeks to identify the social origins of authoritarianism in South Korea and social democracy in Costa Rica. Although both countries entered the modern world system through colonialism, they developed contrasting regime types in the postcolonial period. It is claimed that the key to divergent regime formation rested on the contrasting patterns of power distribution and coalition opportunities among the state and various social classes. This thesis uses historical evidence drawn from South Korea and Costa Rica.
Hierarchical component-based representations for evolving microelectromechanical systems designs

In this paper we present a genotype representation method for improving the performance of genetic-algorithm-based optimal design and synthesis of microelectromechanical systems. The genetic algorithm uses a hierarchical component-based genotype representation, which incorporates specific engineering knowledge into the design optimization process. Each microelectromechanical system component is represented by a gene with its own parameters defining its geometry and the way it can be modified from one generation to the next. The object-oriented genotype structures efficiently describe the hierarchical nature typical of engineering designs. They also encode knowledge-based constraints that prevent the genetic algorithm from wasting time exploring inappropriate regions of the search space. The efficiency of the hierarchical component-based genotype representation is demonstrated with surface-micromachined resonator designs.
The boundaries of loss aversion

Abstract In this article, the authors propose some psychological principles to describe the boundaries of loss aversion. A key idea is that exchange goods that are given up “as intended” do not exhibit loss aversion. For example, the authors propose that money given up in purchases is not generally subject to loss aversion. The results of several experiments provide preliminary support for the hypotheses. The authors find that, consistent with prospect theory, loss aversion provides a complete account of risk aversion for risks with equal probability to win or lose. The authors propose boundaries for this result and suggest further tests of the model.
Effects of Temperature on Growth and Sporulation of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Nomuraea rileyi

Germination of conidia resulting in growth of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson was not obtained after 21 days of continuous exposure to 5, 35, 37, or 40°C. Growth and sporulation was obtained after similar exposure to 20, 25, and 30°C. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sporulation was 25°C. The average time to initial sporulation at 15, 20, and 25°C was 21.0±0.4, 10.4±0.4, and 8.8±0.7 days, respectively. Since mycelial growth of N. rileyi did not occur at temperatures above 35°C, it probably will not develop in avian and mammalian species.
Informing Accessible Design Through Selfreported Quality of Visual Health

This study investigates the potential utility of the VFQ-25 as an alternative to clinically acquired measures of visual function for investigations of computer-based performance. While clinical measures of visual function have been used as predictors of performance on psychomotor tasks for people with impaired vision, the VFQ-25 represents a low cost, easy-to-administer alternative. In this study, participants with Age-related Macular Degeneration and controls responded to the VFQ-25 and completed a drag-and-drop task with different feedback modalities. Based on VFQ scores, a hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to generate five distinct participant groups. Statistical comparisons of performance between the groups under each feedback condition confirmed the efficacy of the VFQ-25 as a tool for classifying user interaction. Consistent with previous studies comparing performance based solely on visual acuity, these results encourage the use of the VFQ-25 in research and design in circumstances that ar...
Klingende Buchstaben: Principles of Alfred Schnittke's Monogram Technique

Many composers have incorporated monograms into their music, using pitch letters to spell out words and names. Alfred Schnittke9s monogram technique pervades his works from the 1970s until the end of his career. He derived cryptograms from the names of performer-dedicatees, influential composers, and recently deceased friends, using a systematic procedure that accounts in some way for every possible letter in a given name. Although previous scholars have identified individual monograms in some works, the broader principles by which Schnittke generated and deployed his monograms had not been articulated until now. Many of Schnittke9s monograms thus remained unidentified, and the ways in which they interact with twelve-tone technique had not been fully understood. Schnittke appropriated the well-known B–A–C–H and D–S–C–H monograms frequently, but other monograms appear in more than a dozen works. He derived monograms for Russian names from their German transliterations. Schnittke adhered to a principle of chromatic complementation, often integrating monograms into statements of the complete aggregate of twelve pitch classes. I interpret Schnittke’s monogram technique as a facet of the composer’s memorializing impulse, by which he sought to establish in his music the deep connections he felt to the past and the important people in his life.
Study on lag effect of meteorological factors and Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Baoji city

Objective To preliminarily study the lag effect of meteorological factors and HFMD in Baoji. Methods The surveillance data of HFMD were collected from the national disease surveillance information management system from April to October 2012,meteorological factors data at the corresponding period were offered by Baoji City Bureau of Meteorology. Data were analyzed by distributed lag non-linear model analysis package( R3.0.2 software). Results The number of HFMD case per day was related with the average temperature,average pressure and average vapor pressure in Baoji. At higher temperature( above 20℃), lag effect of the temperature for HFMD occurred at the fifth day approximately,while at lower temperature( below 20℃),lag effect of the temperature for HFMD occurred at the tenth day approximately. Conclusions Meteorological factors affected significantly on the incidence of HFMD in Baoji,And there was obvious lag effect of temperature on the incidence of HFMD.
The Three Pillars of Western Security: Public Opinion and the NATO Alliance

Recent discussion of the Atlantic relationship has been preoccupied with the ‘disarray’ of the Atlantic Alliance. Pessimism about its future is the current mood. Indeed, if the standard of comparison is the Alliance in its early years, or the expectations of orthodox Alliance doctrine, the state of the Alliance is disheartening.
SELECTIVE DETECTION OF THE CARBOHYDRATE-BOUND STATE OF CONCANVALIN A AT THE SINGLE MOLECULE LEVEL

The labeling of molecules with charge-transfer dyes, such as 5-(dimethylamino)-1-napthalenesulfonyl (dansyl) chloride, is a powerful tool for examining the solvent shell of attached substances. This investigation describes the synthesis and application of a new charge transfer label, based on trans-1-[p-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenyl]-trans-4-(p-nitrophenyl)-1,3-butadiene (NND). Unlike many commonly used fluorophores, the quantum yield of NND decreases over 4 orders of magnitude upon changing from nonpolar to polar environments. In addition, several derivatives of NND undergo little photodecomposition and can be detected at the picomolar level in a confocal fluorescence correlation spectrometer. In conjunction with recent detection of single molecules in solution, this paper describes a method to discriminate between single free and carbohydrate-bound aggregates of the Jack Bean lectin, concanavalin A (Con A). To this end, two derivatives of NND were constructed possessing an additional functional handle. One ...
Re-visioning Negative Archetypes of Disability and Deformity in Fantasy: Wicked, Maleficent, and Game of Thrones

Fantasy and horror often exploit disabled people, presenting them as embodiments of terror and evil. In contemporary fantasy, we sometimes see archetypically evil characters redefined primarily by the telling of their backstories to provide rationale for their behavior and to evoke sympathy or pity from the audience. Pity often places the viewer in the position to seem benevolent while masking the ways that disabled people are often treated as inferior, different, and are isolated from the rest of society. In Wicked , Maleficent , and Game of Thrones , we are asked to confront the judgments and behaviors in which spectators and society engage. Instead of reaffirming the views and values of society, these works question and denounce our consumption of the stereotypes we have learned and our often unexamined behaviors towards those who are often treated as "others."
Simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation: shifting renal allograft gene expression from inflammation toward preservation.

Exposure of renal allografts to donor-specific antibodies activates many proinflammatory genes, resulting in antibody-mediated rejection. Simultaneous liver transplantation reduces the development of antibody-mediated rejection in renal grafts exposed to donor-specific antibodies. A study by Taner et al. in this issue of Kidney International shows this effect of the liver to involve more than simply absorbing donor-specific antibodies, with a shift in the pattern of gene expression in the kidney away from proinflammatory toward preservation of tissue function.
Late rhythm changes after operative closure of a ventricular septal defect.

A man whose congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) was closed operatively in childhood apparently remained in sinus rhythm into his mid-30s. Like most VSD closures, his almost certainly was per...
Clinical and sexual risk correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium in urban pregnant and non-pregnant young women: cross-sectional outcomes using the baseline data from the Women’s BioHealth Study

Objective Research exploring the clinical and sexual risk correlates is essential to define universal standards for screening and management for Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). The objective of this study is to determine the baseline prevalence of MG and associated clinical risks using cross-sectional data. Methods Adolescent and young adult women 13–29 years were recruited during clinical visits during which biological specimens were collected for Neisseriagonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) testing to provide vaginal specimens for MG and Trichomonasvaginalis (TV) testing. Demographic, clinical and sexual risk data were collected after obtaining written consent. MG was tested using the Hologic Gen-Probe transcription-mediated amplification–MG analyte-specific reagent assay and TV by the Aptima TV assay. Bivariate analyses were used to evaluate differences in MG prevalence based on pregnancy status, demographic factors, clinical symptoms, concurrent STI and sexual risk behaviour quiz score (maximum score=10). Results 483 patients with a mean age of 22.4 years (SD 3.6) were enrolled. Most participants were not pregnant (66%) and asymptomatic (59%). MG was the most common STI (MG 16%, TV 9%, CT 8%, NG 1%). Neither pregnancy nor symptoms were predictive of STI positivity. Thirty-five percent of non-pregnant and 45% of pregnant adolescents ≤19 years were positive for any STI. Participants with MG were 3.4 times more likely to be co-infected with other STIs compared with those with other STIs (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.17 to 10.3, P=0.021). Mean risk quiz scores for STI positive women were six points higher than those who were STI negative (β=0.63, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.90, P Conclusion MG infection was common, associated with STI co-infection and often asymptomatic, and pregnancy status did not confer protection.
Physiological and Hormonal Factors that Influence Leptin Production

The collective evidence from studies in rodents and humans indicate that leptin is a regulated hormone, whose actions straddle several behavioral, physiological, cellular, and molecular processes across diverse organ systems. This chapter discusses the physiological, hormonal, and metabolic factors involved in the synthesis and secretion of leptin and the regulation of circulating leptin levels in humans. Although leptin secretion was rarely measured directly in the existing reports, increases and decreases in circulating leptin levels are assumed to reflect similar changes in adipose tissue leptin production. The latter assumption is untenable in renal failure, where decreased leptin clearance becomes a factor in leptin abundance. The physiological factors that influence leptin secretion include gender, age, adiposity, physical exercise, feeding, and caloric restriction. Several hormones, including insulin, glucocorticoids, growth hormone, estradiol, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and somatostatin also modulate leptin secretion. In addition to alteration of circulating leptin levels, evidence of an effect on leptin synthesis (as indicated by adipose tissue leptin mRNA abundance) has been demonstrated for the effects of obesity and some of the hormones, such as insulin and glucocorticoids. Although mRNA abundance generally reflects synthesis, effects on mRNA stability have not been routinely investigated; thus, it is assumed that an increase in mRNA signifies increased synthesis. Where tissue evidence is lacking, it is assumed that the direction of alteration in circulating leptin levels reflects leptin production at the adipocyte level.
Conscious Sedation for TAVR

Due to the large-bore access required in the initial TAVR experience, most early centers used general anesthesia for patients undergoing TAVR. As sheath size decreased and access converted from cutdown to fully percutaneous access and closure, a shift toward conscious sedation has occurred.