cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Keto-Enol Tautomerization of Acetylacetone in Mixed Solvents by NMR Spectroscopy. A Physical Chemistry Experiment on the Application of the Onsager-Kirkwood Model for Solvation Thermodynamics.

Keto–enol tautomerism is a fundamental concept that examines the migration of a proton between two constitutional isomers, the keto and enol tautomer. Many experiments have been proposed to underst...
Cooperative and dipole-dipole effects in the fluorescent spectra of two identical three-level atoms at high photon densities II. Stimulated three-photon processes

Abstract We have considered the stimulated one-photon spectra for a system consisting of two identical three-level atoms interacting simultaneously with a strong pump field and a weak signal field. The atoms consist of an upper excited state and two lower states and they interact through their dipole-dipole interaction and radiate to each other as well. The strong laser field depletes one of the lower ground states (metastable state) by bringing the electrons into the excited state from where the electrons decay through the signal field into the lower ground states of the system. Using the Green function formalism in the limit of high photon densities of the laser field, the spectral function for the signal field which describes the stimulated one-photon process of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes arising from the dipole-dipole and cooperative radiative interactions between the two atoms, has been calculated and compared with that of the single atom. In the absence of the dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms, the spectra consist of the main peak at the frequency of the signal field and two pairs of sidebands, which are symmetrically located from the position of the main peak. In this case, the difference between the single and two-atom spectra is caused by the cooperative radiative interaction between the atoms and amounts: i) to increase the lifetime of the main peak by a factor of two from that of the single atom; ii) to split the one pair of sidebands of the single atom spectrum into two pairs of sidebands; iii) to cause the intensity of the two pairs of sidebands to vary as a function of the Rabi frequency of the laser field; and iv) to induce strong asymmetries in the lineshapes of the sidebands. In the presence of the dipole-dipole interaction, the spectra consist of a main peak at the frequency of the signal field shifted by the magnitude of the dipole-dipole interaction and six sidebands whose positions and intensities are governed by the strength of the dipole-dipole interactions between the atoms. The lineshapes of all peaks are described by asymmetric Lorentzian lines and the extent of the asymmetry depends on the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction. The relative intensity of the main peak and those of the sidebands are either positive or negative depending on the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction. The amplification of the sidebands is found to be more pronounced in the two-atom spectra than in that of the single atom. The computed spectra are presented graphically for different values of the Rabi frequencies, dipole-dipole interactions and for different detunings.
Topical Review: Optic Disc Pits and Associated Maculopathy.

SIGNIFICANCE Although the treatment of optic disc pit maculopathy is controversial, this review concludes that the most successful current intervention is pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane and induction of posterior vitreous detachment.Initially described in 1882, an optic disc pit is a rare defect of the optic nerve. This anomaly can result in sight-threatening retinopathy in the form of macular detachment and/or schisis. Outlined in this review of the literature are the incidence, clinical presentation, ancillary testing, pathogenesis, and management of optic disc pits and optic disc pit maculopathy.
Characterizing eating disorder psychopathology and body image related constructs in treatment-seeking Black individuals with binge-eating spectrum disorders

Black individuals are at risk for developing eating disorders (EDs), while also facing an increased mental health burden as a marginalized group. However, few studies have examined whether treatment-seeking Black individuals with EDs present with different symptom profiles than White individuals. This study sought to characterize baseline ED symptomatology in Black participants with bulimia nervosa spectrum or binge eating disorder spectrum pathology compared to White participants in a treatment-seeking sample. The sample consisted of 33 Black participants and 126 White participants who participated in a clinical trial at a mid-Atlantic University from 2015 to 2020. Data was analyzed using chi-square and independent samples t-tests. Black participants were much less likely to engage in self-induced vomiting, despite being just as likely to meet criteria for a bulimia nervosa spectrum diagnosis and having similar rates of binge-eating and distress towards body image concerns. Black participants were more likely to experience obesity but maintained similar levels of body image concerns as White participants. Given the evidence that Black participants often are under-diagnosed, particularly with bulimia nervosa spectrum disorders, these results could suggest that weight biases and/or expectations that patients with bulimia nervosa spectrum disorders will primarily present with self-induced vomiting could be contributing to these diagnostic errors. Level I, randomized controlled trials
Paying It Forward: Being a Good Mentor, Steward, and Colleague

Purpose: Long-term outcomes of successful mentoring relationships have not been fully studied in radiation oncology. This chapter seeks to clarify the best practice approach to provide readers with a roadmap to aid in the navigation of these important relationships.
Rollout-based Gantry Call-back Control for Proton Therapy Systems

Proton therapy is a highly targeted radiation treatment for tumors. In a typical proton therapy system, multiple gantries share a beam accelerator. A patient is often called back to a gantry immediately after the gantry becomes available, and each treatment requires multiple beams. This causes gantries to compete for the beam and results in long beam wait time, which negatively impacts treatment quality and patient satisfaction. In this study, we propose a rollout-based gantry call-back control method, considering both beam wait time and beam utilization. When a gantry becomes available, an optimal call-back delay time is applied to mitigate beam request conflicts. Simulation experiments suggest the proposed method can be used to find the trade-off between beam wait time and the bean utilization and improve proton therapy care delivery process.
Death by Ambush:A Plea for Discovery ofEvidence in Aggravation

College, 1996. I thank professor David I. Bruck for his guidance and wisdom; Jessie Seiden, Meghan Morgan, Max Smith, and Todd Egland for their editorial prowess; Marsha L. Dutton for providing the stylistic foundation for everything I write; my 2006 VC3 colleagues for having my back; and Carrie Herring for her patience and support. 1. Gray v. Netherland, 518 U.S. 152, 155–56 (1996); Bob Piazza, Gray Executed for Slaying Store Manager, RICH. TIMES-DISPATCH, Feb. 27, 1997, at B1. 2. See Gray v. Commonwealth, 356 S.E.2d 157, 175 (Va. 1987) (detailing the conviction and death sentence of Coleman Gray). 3. Id. 4. Id.; Gray, 518 U.S. at 156. 5. Gray, 356 S.E.2d at 175; Brief for Petitioner at *7, Gray v. Netherland, 518 U.S. 152 (1996) (No. 95-6510); see VA. CODE ANN. § 19.2-264.2 (Michie 2004) (providing that one of the aggravating factors that can make a capital defendant death eligible is a finding “that the defendant would commit criminal acts of violence that would constitute a continuing serious threat to society”). 6. Gray, 518 U.S. at 157.
From Common Law Property to Community Property: Wisconsin's Marital Property Law Four Years Later

As an aid to the common law property states which are considering the adoption of UMPA and those community property states which are considering adoption of specific UMPA rules, this Article reviews the Wisconsin experience under WMPA. Part I briefly describes the events which produced Wisconsin's version of UMPA and it's subsequent amendments, and identifies the major differences between UMPA and WMPA. Part II describes the differences between WMPA and Wisconsin's divorce law, some confusion about the interrelationship between these two different areas of law, and the contents of a current legislative proposal to clarify the relationship between the WMPA rules (which govern rights during marriage and at death) and the separate rules governing divorce. Part III discusses the impact of WMPA upon two major issues regarding credit: the granting of consumer credit by financial institutions and the collection practices of the Internal Revenue Service for obligations arising before marriage of during periods of marriage during which WMPA did not apply. Part IV reviews issues in an important new area of law encouraged by WMPA: the drafting and enforcement of marital property agreements. Part V discusses some current concerns which may result in further amendments to WMPA. Part VI summarizes some implications of the Wisconsin experience for other jurisdictions.
Polymers as Multi-Role Materials for Photonics Technology

Photonics has been labeled by many as the leading technology for the 21st century. Polymers have emerged as an important class of materials which will play multiroles such as laser light source, passive optical interconnects, optical signal processing and optical data storage devices for photonics. In this paper a brief background will be presented on polymer’s multirole in photonics with a special emphasis on nonlinear optical processes, the latter providing many of the operational functions for the photonic technology. New applications such as polymer lasers, polymer amplifiers and optical circuitry are discussed. Applications of polymers and composites in three dimensional holographic data storage are also covered. Particularly interesting new media for optical data storage are photorefractive polymers. The photorefractive polymeric systems utilize the combined action of photoconductivity and nonlinear optical effect. The development of photorefractive polymers in our laboratory is discussed.
Polytopes, Resultants, and Equations

In this chapter we will examine some interesting recently-discovered connections between polynomials, resultants, and the geometry of the convex polytopes determined by the exponent vectors of the monomials appearing in polynomials.
Neutral endopeptidase modulation of neurogenic inflammation in airways.

Tachykinins, including substance P, are contained in sensory nerves of airways. Sensory nerve stimulation causes release of the tachykinins, thus producing a pattern of responses (smooth muscle contraction, submucosal gland secretion, increased vascular permeability, neutrophil adhesion, and cough) collectively referred to as "neurogenic inflammation". The responses to either exogenously or endogenously-released tachykinins are modulated selectively by neutral endopeptidase (NEP), an enzyme that exists on the membranes of cells that contain tachykinin receptors (e.g. submucosal glands, smooth muscle, postcapillary venous endothelium). By cleaving and thus inactivating the tachykinins, NEP limits their action on receptors. The reduced NEP activity associated with respiratory viral infections and inhaled irritants (e.g. toluene diisocyanate, cigarette smoke) potentiates neurogenic inflammatory responses. Exogenously delivered human recombinant NEP reduces responses to tachykinins. Thus, reduced NEP activity in tissues, by exaggerating inflammatory responses resulting from sensory nerve stimulation, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases in airways and in other tissues.
Regulation of ribonucleic acid synthesis in growing bacterial cells. II. Control over the composition of the newly made RNA.

Abstract Studies have been made by base-ratio analysis and DNA-RNA hybridization of the pulse-labeled, nascent RNA in cells of Escherichia coli growing exponentially in minimal-glucose and Casamino acids-supplemented media, as well as during shift-ups or shift-downs between them. It is found that the cell varies the fraction of the newly made RNA given over to the synthesis of ribosomal and (presumably) transfer RNA under these different conditions. Furthermore, for cells in exponential growth or during shift-up, these values are in good agreement with the amount of “stable” RNA made as defined in the kinetic experiments in the accompanying paper. Thus under these conditions, there is no need to postulate the existence of a mechanism involving the rapid destruction of otherwise stable RNA's, a situation which may occur in shift-down or other growth conditions. During shifts, the synthesis of messenger may transiently fall (shift-up), while protein synthesis continues, or the synthesis of messenger may continue (shift-down), while protein synthesis is restricted. These and other experiments suggest that the cell has a means of regulating the translation of messenger generally, and that no obligate coupling exists between the synthesis of messenger and its translation.
Enter Tagger: Encoding (Reading) The Digital Temple

Some years ago I met with a colleague briefly to discuss my plan to build an electronic edition of George Herbert’s English verse. I broached the topic with some trepidation, for Randy McCloud’s Herbert essays are exercises in un-editing, what he calls a “critique of editorial response” to the manuscripts and early print volumes of The Temple. I described my plans: that The Digital Temple would include high-resolution images of two manuscripts and a copy the first edition (1633) alongside diplomatic transcriptions of all three. There would also be a user interface for viewing these materials in a number of ways: as individual documents; in a variety of frames formats; in modern spelling versions; with links to the digital images; in some user-determined combination of these options. In so far as the project would bring together all of the relevant primary documents, Randy’s (or Randall’s or Random’s) response was encouraging. But I strongly suspect he doubted the claim that my edition would escape falling prey to the mischief of his pseudonymous colleagues.
CDKL2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and breast cancer progression

// Linna Li 1, 6 , Chunping Liu 1 , Robert J. Amato 2 , Jeffrey T. Chang 3, 4 , Guangwei Du 3 , Wenliang Li 1, 2, 5 1 Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 2 Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Memorial Hermann Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 3 Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 4 School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 5 Cancer Biology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 6 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China Correspondence to: Wenliang Li, e-mail: wenliang.li@uth.tmc.edu Keywords: cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 (CDKL2), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), breast cancer, kinases, CD44 Received: August 23, 2014 Accepted: September 28, 2014 Published: October 21, 2014 ABSTRACT The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers mesenchymal properties on epithelial cells and has been closely associated with the acquisition of aggressive traits by epithelial cancer cells. To identify novel regulators of EMT, we carried out cDNA screens that covered 500 human kinases. Subsequent characterization of candidate kinases led us to uncover cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 (CDKL2) as a novel potent promoter for EMT and breast cancer progression. CDKL2-expressing human mammary gland epithelial cells displayed enhanced mesenchymal traits and stem cell-like phenotypes, which was acquired through activating a ZEB1/E-cadherin/β-catenin positive feedback loop and regulating CD44 mRNA alternative splicing to promote conversion of CD24 high cells to CD44 high cells. Furthermore, CDKL2 enhanced primary tumor formation and metastasis in a breast cancer xenograft model. Notably, CDKL2 is expressed significantly higher in mesenchymal human breast cancer cell lines than in epithelial lines, and its over-expression/amplification in human breast cancers is associated with shorter disease-free survival. Taken together, our study uncovered a major role for CDKL2 in promoting EMT and breast cancer progression.
Effect of Opening on Design of Subsurface Drains

Theoretical effects of joint spacing on flow into drain tile and effects of perforations are presented in a form useful for the design engineer. The influence of these openings on the rate of water table drawdown between parallel drains is presented. Experimental field data support the theoretical results.
Lung and Mediastinum: A Discussion of the Relevant NMR Physics

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Internal Inhomogeneous Line Broadening in Lung 3 Relaxation Times in Lung 4 Imaging Techniques for Lung 5 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Radiographic Least Squares Fitting Technique Accurately Measures Dimensions and X-Ray Attenuation

In support of stockpile stewardship and other important nondestructive test (NDT) applications, we seek improved methods for rapid evaluation of materials to detect degradation, warping, and shrinkage. Typically, such tests involve manual measurements of dimensions on radiographs. We seek to speed the process and reduce the costs of performing NDT by analyzing radiographic data using a least-square fitting technique for rapid evaluation of industrial parts. In 1985, Whitman, Hanson, and Mueller have demonstrated a least-square fitting technique that very accurately locates the edges of cylindrically symmetrical objects in radiographs. [1] To test the feasibility of applying this technique to a large number of parts, we examine whether an automated least squares algorithm can be routinely used for measuring the dimensions and attenuations of materials in two nested cylinders. The proposed technique involves making digital radiographs of the cylinders and analyzing the images. In our preliminary study, however, we use computer simulations of radiographs.
Associated Higgs boson production with top quarks at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: NLO QCD corrections

We present in detail the calculation of the $O({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{3})$ inclusive total cross section for the process $p\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}t\overline{t}h,$ in the standard model, at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{{s}_{H}}=14\mathrm{TeV}.$ The calculation is based on the complete set of virtual and real $O({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s})$ corrections to the parton level processes $q\overline{q}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t\overline{t}h$ and $g\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{g}t\overline{t}h,$ as well as the tree level processes $(q,\overline{q})\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{g}t\overline{t}h+(q,\overline{q}).$ The virtual corrections involve the computation of pentagon diagrams with several internal and external massive particles, first encountered in this process. The real corrections are computed using both the single and the two cutoff phase space slicing method. The next-to-leading order QCD corrections significantly reduce the renormalization and factorization scale dependence of the Born cross section and moderately increase the Born cross section for values of the renormalization and factorization scales above ${m}_{t}.$
Electron impact excitation of SiI

An analytic atomic independent-particle-model is used to generate wave functions for the valence and ex- cited states of the neutral silicon atom. These wave func- tions are used to calculate generalized oscillator strengths, and from these quantities the cross sections are obtained in the Born approximation. Various excitations from the ground state, 3p 2 ( 3 P0), are considered, and results are presented for electron impact energies up to 5 keV.
A baculovirus gene involved in late gene expression predicts a large polypeptide with a conserved motif of RNA polymerases.

Abstract We have identified and sequenced a novel baculovirus gene, late expression factor eight gene (lef-8), of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus that is necessary for efficient expression from late and very late virus gene promoters in a transient expression assay. The predicted gene product, LEF-8, has a molecular mass of 102 kDa and contains a conserved sequence motif, GXKX4HGQ/NKG, found in DNA-directed RNA polymerases throughout the animal, plant, and microbial kingdoms.
Stress measurement with two-dimensional X-ray diffraction

2D diffraction systems, when used for residual stress measurement, have many advantages over the conventional 1D diffraction systems in dealing with highly textured materials, large grain size, small sample area, and weak diffraction systems in dealing with highly textured materials, large grain size, small sample area, and weak diffraction. The stress measurement is based on the fundamental relationship between the stress tensor and the diffraction cone distortion. The benefit of the 2D method is that all the data points on diffraction rings are used to calculate stresses so as to get better measurement result with less data collection time. The present paper introduces the recent development in the theory and applications of stress measurement using 2D detectors.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Papillary adenocarcinoma in a thyroglossal cyst. Case report and review of the literature.

Papillary adenocarcinoma arising in a thyroglossal cyst was described in a 46-year-old man. The diagnosis was based on the demonstration within the cyst wall of ectopic follicles displaying progressive alterations and atypical morphology ranging from frank epithelial unrest to early papillary formation. The sex and age distribution of the recorded cases in the literature is similar to those of the carcinoma of thyroid gland. Follow-up of 17 pathologically documented cases point to the absence of correlation between the relatively innocent histologic picture of the neoplasm and its unpredictable biologic behavior. This strongly underlines the importance of the complete resection of the intact cyst without delay.
Response of infants and young children as a function of auditory stimuli and test methods.

Responses of infants and young children with normal hearing were assessed using five auditory stimuli at different hearing levels. The stimuli included broad-band and high-pass filtered signals and...
Some subnormal operators not in A2

Abstract Bercovici, Foias, and Pearcy have defined a decreasing sequence of classes of operators, A n , 1 ⩽ n 0 . If A denotes area measure on the disc D and if S = M z on P 2 (dA) then S ϵ A ℵ 0 ; on the other hand, if μ = ¦dz¦ Γ + dA for some arc Γ on ∂D , we show M z on P 2 ( μ ) is an element of A 1 / A 2 , while its minimal normal extension, M z on L 2 ( μ ), is in A ℵ 0 . Let S be a subnormal operator whose minimal normal extension has scalar valued spectral measure μ such that P ∞ ( μ ) = H ∞ ( D ). If there exist λ ϵ D and ƒ ϵH ∞ (D) so that ¦ƒ(λ)¦ > ∥ƒ∥ μD we give a condition sufficient for S to be a member of A 1 A 2 .
Effect of diethylstilbestrol on the quantity and intracellular distribution of pituitary proteinase activity.

Abstract The quantity and intracellular distribution of proteolytic activity at pH 3.8 (Proteinase I) and pH 8.3 (Proteinase II) were studied in pituitary tissue from diethylstilbestrol-treated and normal rats. The Proteinase II activity was found to increase specifically with the diethylstilbestrolinduced pituitary hyperplasia and hypersecretion. The data suggest that Proteinase II is involved in the protein synthetic processes stimulated by diethylstilbestrol.
Economic Issues Involving Property Rights to School Attendance.

Abstract A system of separable and transferable property rights to attend a particular public school would allow families to buy into a better public school without having to buy a house in the local attendance zone for a particular school. Transferable property rights to education should lead to increased competition among schools for students, and increase the accountability of schools to their customer base. Under such a system, some schools may focus on a college preparatory approach. Other schools may focus on a job skill approach to encourage students to remain in school. In either case, the quality of the particular type of education offered should improve.
Trace element concentrations in teeth – a modern Idaho baseline with implications for archeometry, forensics, and palaeontology

Concentrations of 69 minor and trace elements were measured in situ using laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry in multiple teeth of modern herbivores (Cervus elaphus, Odocoileus hemionus, Odocoileus virginianus; n = 52), omnivores (Ursus americanus; n = 56), and carnivores (Felis concolor; n = 33; Canis lupus; n = 4) from Idaho, USA. On each tooth, two to five analyses were collected on enamel, primary dentine, and secondary dentine with spot diameters of 30–100 μm. Continuous 30-μm-wide line traverses were collected across deer, elk, and wolf teeth. Results confirm trace element concentrations below 1 ppm for many elements, including Li, Be, transition metals (excepting Mn, Fe and Zn), heavy metals (excepting Hg and Pb), the rare earths, and actinides. Strontium and Ba generally biopurify with increasing trophic level, but Ba shows decreasing discrimination with tissue type in the order secondary dentine – primary dentine – enamel. Most elements show strong zoning within tissues and variable trophic level behavior, so concentrations in omnivores rarely fall between herbivores and carnivores. Trace element mass balance suggests that soil and dust, not food, commonly deliver the largest trace element load in terrestrial carnivores and omnivores, even for elements that biopurify, like Ba. Use of trace elements for inferring past diets are likely compromised by unknown rates of dust and soil ingestion rather than indicating the degree of herbivory and carnivory. The low concentrations of many elements provide multiple sensitive markers of post-burial overprinting that can be used to discriminate altered vs. original biogenic compositions. REE and actinide trends do not directly follow bedrock compositions.
Differences between dropouts and active participants in a pediatric clinic for substance abuse mothers.

We compared the maternal and birth characteristics of 87 first-year dropouts with 103 active participants of a pediatric clinic which provides long-term follow-up care to offspring exposed in utero to substance abuse mothers. The age, ethnicity, and marital status of the mother; the type of drug used during pregnancy; and the length, gender, number, and type of addiction problems of the newborn were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the dropouts differed significantly from the active participants in many other aspects. More dropout mothers received no prenatal care and did not have children at home at the time of the present birth. More of them were smokers; had gonorrhea, heart, and kidney problems; and had infections complicating their pregnancy. The dropout newborns were found to have lower birthweight and shorter gestation. These clinical parameters defined a suboptimal group of mothers and children requiring more attention and care. The findings also alert investigators of ...
Transient expression of a slow-tonic MHC isoform by extrafusal fibers in the developing rat.

ALD 19, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the slow-tonic myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, has been used extensively as a marker for nuclear bag intrafusal fibers of muscle spindles in developing and adult rats. Extrafusal fibers of adult rat hindlimb muscles do not express slow-tonic MHC. However, while using ALD 19 to trace the fate of intrafusal fibers following neonatal denervation, we noted that some extrafusal fibers of neonates also bound this antibody. The immunolabeled extrafusal fibers were a subset of slow fibers located in the deep axial regions of crural muscles. The same fiber subset transiently displayed a weak affinity for ALD 19 during the first postnatal week in normal muscles. Denervation at birth increased the intensity of ALD 19 immunolabelling by these extrafusal fibers and extended the duration of the slow-tonic immunoreactivity into the 2nd postnatal week, after which expression diminished or ceased. Demonstration that some developing extrafusal fibers have a nerve-independent capacity for transiently expressing slow-tonic MHC, an MHC previously thought to be expressed only by intrafusal fibers, raises the possibility that both types of fiber originate from a subset of bipotential slow primary myotubes in rat hindlimbs.
Identifying histological elements with convolutional neural networks

Histological analysis on stained biopsy samples requires recognizing many kinds of local and structural details, with some awareness of context. Machine learning algorithms such as convolutional networks can be powerful tools for such problems, but often there may not be enough training data to exploit them to their full potential. In this paper, we show how convolutional networks can be combined with appropriate image analysis to achieve high accuracies on three very different tasks in breast and gastric cancer grading, despite the challenge of limited training data. The three problems are to count mitotic figures in the breast, to recognize epithelial layers in the stomach, and to detect signet ring cells.
Isolation of Mycoplasma gallopavonis from free-ranging wild turkeys in coastal North Carolina seropositive and culture-negative for Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

Serum samples and choanal cleft swabs were collected from livetrapped and hunter killed wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from Martin and Bertie counties, North Carolina (USA). Sera were tested for antibodies to Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma meleagridis by hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Sera from 33% (five of 15) of livetrapped turkeys were positive for antibodies to M. gallisepticum by HI, and all were negative for antibodies to M. synoviae and M. meleagridis. Choanal cleft swabs from 22 livetrapped and five hunter killed wild turkeys cultured in Frey's broth medium resulted in 23 mycoplasma isolations. Using direct immunofluorescence, 74% (17/23) were M. gallopavonis, and 26% (six of 23) were unidentified; no isolate was identified as M. gallisepticum, M. synoviae or M. meleagridis.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF PERIODIC FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS

Abstract Periodic feedback is a control strategy implemented by fast zero-average oscillations in the parameters of the control law. It is well known that time invariant feedback control offers no means for zeros relocation. Periodic feedback allows zeros relocation in an asymptotic sense, resulting in improved closed loop characteristics, such as increased gain margins.
Regulation Theory, Post-Marxism, and the New Social Movements

Les nouveaux mouvements sociaux posent un defi direct aux theories marxistes sur ce qui devrait etre leur domaine le plus solide, a savoir leur abilite a identifier les principales lignes de la rupture et du conflit sociaux et a expliciter les larges contours des changements historiques dans le monde capitaliste avance. L'article se presente sous quatre axes : (1) sont abordes les problemes specifiques poses par les nouveaux mouvements sociaux a la theorie marxiste traditionnelle ; (2) sont discutees les principales tentatives d'analyse des nouveaux mouvements sociaux en termes de versions corrigees de Marxisme traditionnel ; (3) l'une des approches les plus convaincantes, la theorie de la regulation, est ici discutee a travers le travail de Joachim Hirsch et Roland Roth « Das neue Gesicht des Kapitalismus » (Le nouveau visage du capitalisme), qui presente une interpretation du developpement des nouveaux mouvements sociaux en Allemagne de l'Ouest entre les annees 1960 et 1980 ; et (4) une interpretation alternative a ces mouvements en Allemagne est presentee selon des facteurs culturels et historiques qui ne peuvent etre subsumes sous le mode de regulation Fordien et le processus de sa rupture
The Two Standpoints on the Will

Kant argues that we must regard the will from two mutually exclusive standpoints. One is the natural standpoint, according to which the will is determined entirely by natural causes in conformity with natural law. The other is the standpoint of freedom, according to which the will transcends the laws of nature and is free to determine itself in conformity with its own law. Kant's idea is that a complete account of the will necessarily involves both standpoints, shifting between the two. Thus it is sometimes called the two-standpoints account of the will.
An in vitro assay to measure early calcium loss from surface enamel.

A sensitive and quantitative assay to measure the early calcium loss from surface enamel exposed to organic acids and metabolic products of cariogenic bacteria was designed. It will be useful to show the effects of metabolic products from cariogenic organisms on the surface of enamel and the effectiveness of dental therapeutic agents before animal studies.
Seemingly Unrelated Regressions with Identical Regressors: a Note

Abstract I show that in a seemingly unrelated, multivariate normal model with identical regressors, where some equations are linear and others are in the limited dependent variable (LDV) form, joint MLE can lead to efficiency gains for parameters of the LDV equations but not for parameters of the linear equations.
Formation of acetaldehyde adducts with ethanol-inducible P450IIE1 in vivo

Hepatic microsomes, obtained from rats pair-fed liquid diets supplemented with either ethanol or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrates (for 4 weeks), were subjected to crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Anti-acetaldehyde adduct-specific immunoglobulin reacted on the protein blots with a single major 52,000 dalton polypeptide. This same protein was recognized by antibodies specific for P450IIE1, an ethanol-inducible P450 isozyme. Furthermore, a single protein, also reactive with anti-P450IIE1 IgG, was isolated from liver microsomes of ethanol-fed rats by immunoaffinity chromatography on Sepharose-conjugated anti-acetaldehyde adduct IgG. These results indicate that P450IIE1 is a target protein for acetaldehyde binding in liver microsomes in vivo.
Sequestration of a fluorinated analog of 2,4-dichlorophenol and metabolic products by L. minor as evidenced by 19F NMR

Fate of halogenated phenols in plants was investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to identify and quantify contaminants and their metabolites. Metabolites of 4-chloro-2-fluorophenol (4-Cl-2-FP), as well as the parent compound, were detected in acetonitrile extracts using 19F NMR after various exposure periods. Several fluorinated metabolites with chemical shifts approximately 3.5 ppm from the parent compound were present in plant extracts. Metabolites isolated in extracts were tentatively identified as fluorinated-chlorophenol conjugates through examination of signal-splitting patterns and relative chemical shifts. Signal intensity was used to quantify contaminant and metabolite accumulation within plant tissues. The quantity of 4-Cl-2-F metabolites increased with time and mass balance closures of 90-110% were achieved. In addition, solid phase 19F NMR was used to identify 4-Cl-2-FP which was chemically bound to plant material. This work used 19F NMR for developing a time series description of contaminant accumulation and transformation in aquatic plant systems.
Cyberinfrastructure: an emerging knowledge management platform

Purpose – The paper seeks to outline the capabilities of cyberinfrastructure (CI) as a new knowledge‐sharing conduit. The article introduces CI properties and parameters that align with KM concepts and principles. It also describes the utilization of a CI framework in facilitating virtual enterprises and their communities. Finally, the article outlines the three major challenges in the way of CI deployment as a knowledge mobilization medium in the public domain.Design/methodology/approach – The article reviews extensive literature on CI from the approach of KM principles. It summarizes the relationship between CI and previous network architectures, and how that contributes to its expected dominance as a new KM platform.Findings – CI can be regarded as the architecture that narrows the historical gap between KM and the bivalent logic technologies. This can be attributed to the fact that it adds people and services to fundamental network components. However, KM practitioners must be cautious in utilizing it...
11-Year Outcome Analysis of Endourethral Prosthesis for the Treatment of Recurrent Bulbar Urethral Stricture

ABSTRACTPurpose: In a North American multicenter trial of endourethral prosthesis for the treatment of recurrent bulbar urethral stricture we reported 2-year followup results for patients treated with the UroLume endoprosthesis (American Medical Systems, Inc., Minnetonka, Minnesota) between 1989 and 1996. From that same study we report long-term effectiveness and safety results on 24 of 179 patients, all of whom have completed 11 years of followup.Materials and Methods: The North American Study Group enrolled 179 patients with recurrent bulbar urethral stricture between March 1989 and April 1996. Eleven-year post-implantation followup was obtained for 24 of these original patients in a post-approval study. Evaluation included uroflowmetry before versus after insertion, urinary symptom score, local tissue changes and percentage of stent covered by epithelium.Results: At 11 years mean flow rates before and after stenting were 9.5 and 20.8 ml per second, respectively, and mean urinary symptom scores were 11....
RNA interference: antiviral defense and genetic tool

Higher eukaryotes can mount antiviral immune responses induced by dsRNA. This process, called RNA interference, is sequence specific and can therefore be used to target gene expression.
Antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in tolerant and nontolerant spinal rats.

Abstract The antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine on the tail-flick (TF) reflex of rats was significantly enhanced within one day after spinal transaction (ED 50 = 0.125 μg ) relative to the effect obtained in intact rats (ED 50 = 5.9 μg ). By 20–30 days after spinalization the potency of intrathecally administered morphine had substantially declined. Intact rats, made tolerant to the antinociceptive effect of systemic morphine (3.0 mg/kg, SC on each of seven consecutive days), were not tolerant to intrathecal morphine (ED 50 = 6.5 μ g). In contrast, rats that were pretreated with either morphine alone, repeated TF tests alone, or both of these treatments, were tolerant to intrathecal morphine when tested one day after spinal transection. The results suggest first, that the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in intact rats is tonically inhibited by descending supraspinal input and that removal of this input is responsible for the enhanced antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in spinal rats. Second, the data suggest that tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in intact rats may also be tonically inhibited by supraspinal input, because spinal opiate tolerance is expressed after spinal transection.
NASA's second decade in space.

Advances in space science during the last decade are reviewed. The basic scientific goals of NASA's Planetary Program are to increase man's understanding of the origin and evolution of the solar system, the origin and evolution of life, and the earth, through a comparative study of the other planets. Studies of the planets will be continued during the second decade. Aspects of manned space flights are discussed, giving attention to the Skylab workshop, and the Space Shuttle. The applications program is divided into four major areas including meteorology, communications and navigation, geodesy, and earth resources. Areas of aeronautical research are also examined.
The Spiritual and Philosophical Foundation for African Languages

Spirituality is defined in cultural terms. The African’s lifelong sojourn for balance and harmony within himself or herself and within society is the essence of the spiritual being. Therefore, spir...
Student-led exercise sessions yield significant fitness gains for Alzheimer's patients.

At a time when they are losing skills in virtually all arenas of life, persons with Alzheimer's disease can experience significant, esteem-building achievements in physical fitness and mood through supervised participation in an exercise program. The effects of physical exercise plus cognitive and social stimulation on persons with early stage Alzheimer's disease were assessed in a longitudinal study. Twenty-four such individuals, aged 54 to 88 at program entry, participated in 16 to 20 exercise sessions and 10 community activity sessions per semester for two to eight semesters. Half of the weekly exercise sessions included memory and language stimulation activities. Students, supplemented by family caregivers, supervised the sessions. Exercise sessions consisted of flexibility, balance, aerobic, and weight resistance activities. Preparticipation and semiannual post-testing of aerobic fitness and duration and upper and lower body strength was done. Highly significant fitness gains (p < .001) were achieved in the six-minute walk test, upper and lower body strength, and duration of aerobic exercise. Five participants, aged 86 to 91, completed six to eight semesters and were doing 27 to 45 minutes of aerobics per session at program's end. Five participants scored within the normal range for age-matched healthy active adults on the six-minute walk test at baseline. Nine others achieved and three exceeded the normal range during treatment. Cognitive decline was slowed and mood improved. First-year cognitive outcomes have been published elsewhere. An article reporting final cognitive outcomes is in preparation; Outcome data is summarized on the project website: www.u.arizona.edu/ ~sarkin/elderrehab.html. The benefits of physical exercise can be made available at nominal cost to Alzheimer's patients and other elderly persons by using students to provide transportation, supervision, and the motivational support that is key to exercise adherence. Further research is needed to determine the relative contributions of each program component to the positive outcomes.
Maladaptive parent-infant relationships☆

Abstract This paper critically reviews the literature on maladaptive parent-infant relationships, and analyzes it in terms of Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model of development. Types of maladaptive relationships are explored as well as the etiology of the problem in terms of Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological model of development. Types of maladaptive relationships are explored as well as the etiology of the problem in terms of the macro, exo, meso, and microsystems involved. The consequences of these relationships for the physical/motor, social/personality, and cognitive development of infants are described. Finally, existing intervention and prevention efforts are presented, with suggestions for further work in the area.
Silica depletion in the thermocline of the glacial North Pacific: corollaries and implications

Abstract Over much of the tropical ocean, late Quaternary productivity patterns show maxima associated with glacial periods, minima during warm times. Also, biogenic opal deposition tends to parallel the accumulation rates of organic carbon and related productivity proxies. This pattern is found in the eastern equatorial Pacific, for example. However, in the western equatorial Pacific, while productivity is normally high during glacials, opal deposition is reduced. In Santa Barbara Basin, both organic matter supply and opal supply are reduced during the last glacial period, showing a reversed productivity pattern. Silicate/phosphate ratios at 100 m depth in Pacific waters and elsewhere suggest that present circulation greatly favors silicate enrichment of the thermocline in the North Pacific, presumably through large-scale deep upwelling, which prevents segregation of silicate from phosphate through partial recycling in the uppermost water column. If so, it appears that the opal supply to Santa Barbara Basin may indicate the nutrient content of the North Pacific thermocline. We suggest that during the last glacial period the nutrient content of the thermocline was low, and large-scale deep upwelling was absent. The records of organic matter supply and laminations show patterns that call for additional factors, presumably changing wind strength, changing shelf exposure, and local feedback effects.
Surgical treatment of pediatric trigeminal neuralgia: case series and review of the literature

Pediatric trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare entity. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze a small series of pediatric patients diagnosed with TN and surgically treated with microvascular decompression (MVD) at a single center. Nine patients were identified who presented with TN symptoms that began before the age of 18. Four were excluded because of delayed surgical intervention or successful medical management. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 5 patients with classical TN who underwent MVD at or before the age of 18. Patient ages ranged from 3 to 18 years (average, 11.7) at the time of procedure. All five patients were female. Four patients underwent a single procedure and one had bilateral MVDs. In all six cases, vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve was found during surgery. Compression was venous in three cases, arterial in two, and both in one. Pain relief was complete following the procedure in five of six cases. Pain relief was incomplete but substantial in one patient, allowing her to discontinue anticonvulsant medications. Follow-up duration ranges from 9.1 to 24.8 months with an average of 15.3 (± 6.1) and a median of 12.7 months follow-up. There were no complications such as CSF leak, infection, or cranial nerve deficits. Until now, there had been no reports on the effectiveness of MVD performed before the age of 18 to treat TN. These preliminary results suggest MVD may be performed with good pain relief and minimal side effects in the pediatric population.
The Dartmouth Cyber Security Initiative: Faculty, Staff, and Students Work Together

This article present the collaboration between faculty, staff, and students that focuses on projects on how to improve the security of Darthmouth information systems. Darthmouth benefits from results that enable it to make its information systems more secure. The students obtain experience in real-world, hands-on problem solving with their institution's full support. Others see that student enthusiasm for security analysis and penetration studies is an untapped resource and that the students can be trusted to perform such tasks.