cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Charge/orbital ordered phases of La{sub 2-2x}Sr{sub 1+2x}Mn{sub 2}O{sub 7-{delta}}.

Our studies have significantly modified the conventionally held view of the phase diagram of ${\text{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}2x}{\text{Sr}}_{1+2x}{\text{Mn}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ for two compositions exhibiting charge (and orbital) order (CO), i.e., at hole-doping levels, $h=x\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}$, of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}0.6$. These CO states are stable over very narrow doping ranges $(\ensuremath{\Delta}h\ensuremath{\sim}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005)$ at the lowest temperatures, but those ranges increase at higher temperatures (to $\ensuremath{\Delta}h\ensuremath{\sim}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$) in a manner consistent with simple entropy considerations. Such narrow ranges dictate the crucial need for crystal homogeneity. Attesting to such homogeneity is a conductivity ratio of $g{10}^{10}$ upon crossing the first-order phase boundary from CO at $h=0.60$ to $\text{A}$-type antiferromagnetic (AAFM) at $h\ensuremath{\sim}0.59$ or $h\ensuremath{\sim}0.61$ plus two findings that were missed in the existing literature: that these CO phases are the ground state at the lowest temperatures, and for $h\ensuremath{\sim}0.5$, that coexistence of the CO and AAFM phase is absent at any temperature.
What Do Emergency Department Patients and Their Guests Expect From Their Health Care Provider in an Active Shooter Event

Background "Run-Hide-Fight" is the summative life-saving mantra taught by governmental and private agencies in active shooter training. Initial research focused on patient expectations of health care provider responses in life-threatening situations suggests patients believe health care providers will take significant action to protect patient well-being. The potential disparity between expectations of the public and health care practitioner training must be examined, as conflict, confusion, and delays may have mortal consequences in active shooter situations. Objective Public perceptions of the extent of health care practitioners' duties and responsibilities to themselves and their patients during an active shooter event were investigated. Methods A survey that queried perceived expectations of health care provider response efforts in 4 emergency department patient case scenarios interrupted by an active shooter event was developed and implemented to patients and retinue of the University of Toledo Emergency Department. Responses were grouped into provider-centric or patient-centric actions. Results One hundred twenty-seven participants responded to the survey and were included in the analysis: 82 patients and 45 guests. In all 4 scenarios, a mean of 87.4% responses was patient-centric. Frequency of patient-centric responses differed significantly by scenario, and women were more likely to have patient-centric expectations. Discussion The public has significant expectations that the health care provider will assist them during active shooter situations. Providing for the security of the health care provider and patient simultaneously is in conflict with common hospital crisis training. Efforts must be taken to bring patient expectations and provider training into greater alignment.
Current Biopsy Methods for Primary Musculoskeletal Lymphoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Review

Primary musculoskeletal lymphoma often requires multiple biopsies for tissue confirmation. This challenge is understood by specialists but has not been specifically quantified. One-hundred-eighteen biopsies performed in 100 cases of primary musculoskeletal lymphoma was performed. Demographics, tumor location and the method and performer of biopsy were recorded. Pearson chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics were used to compare rates of diagnostic yield, time to diagnosis and the presence of crush artifact based on method of biopsy, imaging, performer and tumor location. Diagnostic yield of initial biopsy is 82%. Open biopsy is associated with a higher yield compared to percutaneous techniques (p = 0.005). Biopsies performed by the treating surgeon had a higher yield compared to other practitioners (p = 0.035). Musculoskeletal lymphomas are a greater diagnostic challenge compared to other lesions. A higher index of suspicion and more aggressive sampling procedure may be necessary to establish this diagnosis. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 29(3):149-153, 2020).
Abstract PO-111: Identifying epigenetic mechanisms for proliferation and self-renewal of tumor-propagating cells (TPC) in lung cancer

Lung cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype. LUAD tumors have a functional heterogeneity in regard to tumor-propagating capacity. Cells with an increased capacity to sustain tumor growth are called tumor-propagating cells (TPC or cancer stem cells) and they have been associated with chemoresistance and tumor relapse. A TPC population identified in a mouse model of LUAD (Kras G12D/wt/p53 fl/fl)(KP) sustain growth in serial orthotopic transplantations and are distinguished by expression of Notch receptors. Furthermore, TPCs gene expression signature is associated with a worse prognosis in human cancer. My hypothesis is the TPCs gene expression may be regulated by global chromatin alterations driven by epigenetic regulators. In LUAD, secondary tumors derived from TPC or non-TPC sorted populations regenerated both TPC and non-TPC populations, recapitulating the heterogeneity of the original tumor, suggesting TPC plasticity and supporting an epigenetic regulation. The main goal of my work is to identify and understand epigenetic mechanisms of TPC maintenance in LUAD and determine their relevance for other cancers. TPC and non-TPC populations show dramatic differential protein expression of H3K4me3 and H4K16ac histone modifications associated with transcription activation. To better understand how these histone marks alter the genome of TPCs, I performed ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin followed by sequencing) and CARM (CRISPR/Cas9-assisted removal of mitochondrial DNA) to remove mitochondrial DNA prior to sequencing in both TPC and non-TPC populations from primary cells of KP mouse models. I have identified unique open chromatin regions in TPCs which were associated to the closest gene. For TPCs, the main enriched cluster of pathways included Notch signaling pathway and pathways associated with remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. In parallel, I am customizing an epigenetic short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library to screen epigenetic regulators implicated in plasticity and self-renewal ability of TPCs and I will evaluate them whether function through Notch signaling. Citation Format: Eunice Lopez Fuentes, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero. Identifying epigenetic mechanisms for proliferation and self-renewal of tumor-propagating cells (TPC) in lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-111.
An Expert System for Suggesting Design Patterns — A Methodology and a Prototype

Software design patterns describe simple and elegant solutions to specific design problems. Design patterns capture design knowledge that have been discovered, evolved over time and proven to be effective in solving design problems. Application of design patterns improves software productivity and quality. Therefore the use of design patterns is rapidly increasing. However, it is not an easy task to choose an appropriate pattern to be applied from among the plethora of patterns. This is partly due to the learning curve involved to understand what each pattern can do for the designer. In this paper we present a methodology for constructing expert systems which can suggest design patterns to solve a designer's design problems. The methodology details the knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation and expert systems implementation activities. It is illustrated through the prototyping of the Expert System for Suggesting Design Patterns (ESSDP). Evaluation of the ESSDP by subjects other than the original developers indicates that the system indeed could suggest the needed design patterns effectively.
Noninvasive diffusion MRI to determine the severity of peripheral nerve injury.

Abstract Objective Primary repair of peripheral nerves is recommended following transection; however, patient management following repair is challenged by a lack of biomarkers to nerve regeneration. Previous studies have demonstrated that diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide viable biomarkers of nerve regeneration in injury models; though, these methods have not been systematically evaluated in graded partial transections and repairs. Methods Ex vivo diffusion MRI was performed in fixed rat sciatic nerve samples 4 or 12 weeks following partial nerve transection and repair (25% cut = 12, 50% cut = 12 and 75% cut = 11), crush injuries (n = 12), and sham surgeries (n = 9). Behavioral testing and histologic evaluation were performed in the same animals and nerve samples for comparison. Results Diffusion tractography provided visual characterizations of nerve damage and recovery consistent with the expected degree of injury within each cohort. In addition, quantitative indices from diffusion MRI correlated with both histological and behavioral evaluations, the latter of indicated full recovery for sham and crush nerves and limited recovery in all partially transected/repaired nerves. Nerve recovery between 4 and 12 weeks was statistically significant in partial transections 50% and 75% depth cuts (p = 0.043 and p = 0.022) but not for 25% transections. Interpretation Our findings suggest that DTI can i) distinguish different degrees of partial nerve transection following surgical repair and ii) map spatially heterogeneous nerve recovery (e.g., due to collateral sprouting) from 4 to 12 weeks in partially transected nerves.
Tril dampens Nodal signaling through Pellino2- and Traf6-mediated activation of Nedd4l.

Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr) interactor with leucine-rich repeats (Tril) functions as a Tlr coreceptor to mediate innate immunity in adults. In Xenopus embryos, Tril triggers degradation of the transforming growth factor β (Tgf-s) family inhibitor, Smad7. This enhances bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling to enable ventral mesoderm to commit to a blood fate. Here, we show that Tril simultaneously dampens Nodal signaling by catalytically activating the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 Like (Nedd4l). Nedd4l then targets Nodal receptors for degradation. How Tril signals are transduced in a nonimmune context is unknown. We identify the ubiquitin ligase Pellino2 as a protein that binds to the cytoplasmic tail of Tril and subsequently forms a complex with Nedd4l and another E3 ligase, TNF-receptor associated factor 6 (Traf6). Pellino2 and Traf6 are essential for catalytic activation of Nedd4l, both in Xenopus and in mammalian cells. Traf6 ubiquitinates Nedd4l, which is then recruited to membrane compartments where activation occurs. Collectively, our findings reveal that Tril initiates a noncanonical Tlr-like signaling cascade to activate Nedd4l, thereby coordinately regulating the Bmp and Nodal arms of the Tgf-s superfamily during vertebrate development.
Finite element modeling of steel-plate concrete composite wall piers

Abstract A finite element model is developed in LS-DYNA to simulate the nonlinear cyclic response of flexure-critical steel-plate concrete (SC) composite shear walls. The developed finite element model is validated using data from tests of four large-scale SC wall piers with an aspect ratio (height-to-length) of 1.0. Each SC wall was constructed with steel faceplates, infill concrete, steel studs and tie rods, and a steel baseplate that was post-tensioned to a reinforced concrete foundation. Steel studs tied the faceplates to the infill concrete and the infill concrete to the baseplate. Damage to the SC walls included cracking and crushing of the infill concrete and yielding, outward buckling and tearing of the steel faceplates. The finite element predictions include global force–displacement responses, equivalent viscous damping ratio, damage to the steel faceplates and infill concrete, strain and stress distributions in the steel faceplates, and estimates of the contribution of the steel faceplates and infill concrete to the lateral resistance of the walls. The DYNA-predicted responses are in good agreement with the measured responses. The impacts of interface friction between the steel faceplates and the infill concrete, and of the distribution of shear studs on the baseplate, to the global response of the SC walls are investigated using the validated DYNA model.
Multi-terawatt CO 2 laser with chirped-pulse amplification

A chirped-pulse amplification technique is implemented for the first time in a picosecond CO 2 laser. A considerable increase in peak power is achieved, mainly as a result of eliminating nonlinear effects in the optical elements.
Multiple finite source queueing model with dynamic priority scheduling

Abstract : The 'Language Studies' contract is divided into four project areas, all of which are directed to the problems of effectively, reliably and efficiently using modern computers in a wide range of applications. Three of the projects deal with methods of communicating with computers. Task 1 - Very High Level Programming Systems (P.I: J.A. Robinson). This group is working towards combining the features developed to support work in the area of artificial intelligence and those used in general program development into a new conceptual framework that can be understood and used by a large community of users. Task 2 - Proving Program Correctness (P.I: J.C. Reynolds). This group is working towards programming language designs which increase the probability that specification errors will be detected by the compiler or interpreter and to provide the language facilities so that users will more nearly be able to prove that programs perform as they are specified than is currently possible. Task 3 - Grammars of Programming (P.I: E.F. Storm). This group is working towards the development of methods which will allow users to communicate with computer programs in terms more normal to their every day communication forms. Task 4 - Systems Studies (P.I: R.G. Sargent). This group is working towards developing more sophisticated and efficient models of computer systems which can predict system performance when given particular parameter values. The current efforts concern models of transaction processing systems (TPS). (Author)
International Organizations and Higher Education Policy: Thinking Globally, Acting Locally?

Section 1: Introduction: The history and influence of multinational/regional organizations and regimes (all terms will be explained and defined) on higher education Section 2: Multilateral Organizations/Regimes: Chapter 1: UNESCO: Worldwide and regional scopes (Potential author: Stamenka Uvalic-Trumbic, UNESCO) Chapter 2: UNESCO: A critical revision on its influence in higher education (potential author Alma Maldonado-Maldonado, Univ. of Arizona) Chapter 3: OECD: Programmes, Centres, and other bodies investigating issues related to higher education (potential author Stephan Vincent-Lancrin, OECD) Chapter 4: OECD: Mechanisms of influence and critical analysis of its impact in higher education (Potential author: Miriam Henry, Queensland University of Technology, Red Hill, Australia) Chapter 5: The World Bank: Its role in higher education since 1944 (Likely authors: Jamil Salmi & Rick Hopper, The World Bank) Chapter 6 The World Bank and its higher education initiatives: A critical view (Potential author: Joel Samoff, Stanford University) Chapter 7: The WTO: Higher education possibilities (Potential author: Jane Knight, OISE, Toronto) Chapter 8: The GATS: Current debate and situation (Likely author: Roberta Malee Bassett) Chapter 9: International organizations and bilateral aid: National interests and transnational agendas (Likely authors: Brendan Cantwell and Alma Maldonado-Maldonado, University of Arizona,) Section 3: Regional Actors: Chapter 10: Asia/Oceana (Potential author: Simon Marginson, University of Melbourne) Chapter 11: Europe (Potential author: Pedro Lourtie, Instituto Superior-Lisbon) Chapter 12: Latin America (Potential author: Carmen Garcia-Guadilla, Center for Development Studies, Central University of Venezuela) Chapter 13: Africa (Likely author: Damtew Teferra, The Ford Foundation and The Journal of Higher Education in Africa) Chapter 14: Inter-American/Asian/African Development Bank (Potential author: Suganya Hutaserani, Asian Development Bank) Chapter 15: Regional Banks in the shadow of the World Bank: A critical examination Chapter 16: Regional initiatives: Balancing local priorities or legitimizing global influences? Section 4: Internationally/Regionally Active Foundations: Chapter 17: Foundations sponsoring higher education initiatives and individuals (Potential author, Daniel Levy, SUNY Albany) Chapter 18: Altruism, interventionism or cooperation? Analytical discussion on Foundations supporting higher education Section 5: Conclusions: Between the NGO's, international organizations and corporations, where are the Nation-States?
Photoelectron trapping mechanism for transverse coupled bunch mode growth in CESR

An anomalous damping or growth of transverse coupled bunch modes has long been observed in CESR. The growth rates and tune shifts of these modes are a highly nonlinear function of current. The effect is associated with the operation of the distributed ion pumps, as it disappears when the pumps are not powered. We show that this effect can be explained by the presence of electrons trapped in the CESR chamber by the field of the dipole magnets and the electrostatic leakage field of the distributed ion pumps. Photoelectrons are introduced into the chamber by synchrotron radiation and can be ejected from the chamber by the passage of an e/sup +/ or e/sup -/ bunch. The transverse position of the beam thus modulates the trapped photoelectron charge density, which in turn deflects the beam, creating growth or damping and a tune shift for each coupled bunch mode. Predictions of the dependence of growth rate and tune shift on bunch current, bunch pattern, and mode frequency by a numerical model of this process are in approximate agreement with observations.
Giant Retroperitoneal Lipoma in Children

Giant retroperitoneal lipoma is an unusual and benign tumor in children. Characteristically, afflicted patients are seen with only an abdominal mass and thus enter into the diagnostic mix of intra-abdominal tumors of childhood. Two recent patients treated at our institution represent the 13th and 14th reported cases of retroperitoneal lipoma in children and demonstrate that there are distinct diagnostic criteria for the lesion which, if appreciated, obviate the need for a prolonged and detailed investigation. CASE REPORTS Case 1 The mother of a 4-year-old girl reported that an abdominal bulge had been present in her child since she was a toddler. The mass was firm, immobile, and mainly in the left lower abdomen but extending past the midline.
Immunity to Bacteria

Bacterial infections cause a variety of immune responses from the host depending on the specific bacterium involved. Understanding the virulence of bacteria provides insight into the medical approaches that can be used to treat infection and prevent disease. Keywords: infectious disease; immune response; immune evasion; mechanisms of disease; mechanisms of host defence
Isolation of a Mutant of Escherichia coli Defective in Cytosine-Specific Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylase Activity and in Partial Protection of Bacteriophage λ Against Restriction by Cells Containing the N-3 Drug-Resistance Factor

A mutant (designated mec−) of Escherichia coli F+ 100 endo I−su+ rK−mK+ has been isolated which is defective in cytosine-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylase activity. The DNA of this mutant, as well as the DNA of phages λ and fd propagated in it, is virtually devoid of 5-methyl-cytosine (MeC); in contrast, the mutation has no significant effect on the level of N6-methyladenine in DNA. Phage λ grown on the mec− mutant is more strongly restricted by N-3-containing cells than is λ grown on the mec+ parent. These results suggest that methylation of certain cytosine residues by the E. coli K-12 enzyme partially protects λ DNA from either the N-3 restriction nuclease or against secondary degradation subsequent to N-3-specific degradation. Analysis of the MeC level in viral and cellular DNA obtained from mec+, mec+ (mN3+), and mec− (mN3+) strains has led to the conclusion that the R-factor controlled DNA-cytosine methylase may be capable of methylating a sequence(s) which is a substrate for the K-12 enzyme.
Unified theory of time-sequential sampling

We consider the sampling of band-limited spatio-temporal signals subject to the time- sequential (TS) constraint that only one spatial sample can be taken at a given time. Using the powerful techniques of lattice theory, we develop a new unifying theory linking TS sampling with generalized multidimensional sampling. The theory, which applies to arbitrary spatial and spectral supports in any dimension, includes tight fundamental performance bounds, which are asymptotically achievable. Simple graphical design algorithms are provided for lattice sampling patterns minimizing the sampling rates, and illustrated by examples.
Al-Cu alloy for gas panels

The composition, phase formation, stress, resistivity, and, in particular, the oxidation and corrosion behavior of Cu-Al films with a variety of Cu:Al ratios have been determined. Their relevance to the gas panel is discussed.
The Perceived Fairness of Selection Systems: An Organizational Justice Perspective

A justice model of applicants' reactions to employment-selection systems is proposed as a basis for organizing previous findings and guiding future research. Organizational justice literature is briefly reviewed, and key findings are used to provide a framework for the proposed model and to support hypotheses. The procedural justice of selection systems is examined in terms of 10 procedural rules, wherein the satisfaction and violation of these rules provide the basis for fairness reactions. Distributive justice of hiring decisions is examined with respect to equity, equality, and needs. The model also includes the interaction of procedural and distributive justice and the relationship of fairness reactions to individual and organizational outcomes.
Ion energy and angular distributions into the wafer–focus ring gap in capacitively coupled discharges

The termination of the edge of wafers in reactive ion etching reactors is important for obtaining uniform fluxes of reactants across the substrate. Structures such as focus rings (FRs) are often used to improve the uniformity of fluxes. There is a gap of hundreds of micrometres to a few mm between the edge of the wafer and the FR for mechanical clearance. Plasma penetration into the gap can produce particle forming films and erosion of consumable parts. In this paper, we discuss results from a computational investigation of ion energy and angular distributions incident into the wafer–focus ring gap. The geometry and electrical properties of the FR can skew the angle and limit the extent of energies of ions penetrating into the gap.
Simultaneous Determination of Chromate and Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis

Abstract An analytical method was developed to determine simultaneously, the inorganic anion CrO2− 4, and organic aromatic compounds including benzoate, 2-Cl-benzoate, phenol, m-cresol and o-/p-cresol by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Chromate and the aromatics were separated in a relatively short time with the use of a tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) modified buffer solution. The detection limits of all the analytes were in the sub mg/L level with the consumption of a very small volume of sample (< 0.06 μL). Calibration curves with high regression coefficient (r2) values (0.999–1.000) were obtained within two orders of magnitude of concentrations. Factors affecting the separation and the determination of chromate and the organic aromatics, such as the buffer electrolyte concentration, the voltage applied and the TTAB concentration, were investigated. The effect of TTAB on the direction and the magnitude of the electroosmotic flow (EOF) was also discussed. A study of the microbial catalyzed ch...
Immunocytochemical studies of cathepsin D in human skeletal muscle

The distribution of cathepsin D, an acidic endopeptidase, was localized by immunocytochemistry in human skeletal muscle obtained from 34 persons with a variety of neuromuscular disorders. Normal human skeletal muscle contained small amounts of cathepsin D, all of which was found close to the sarcolemmal membrane. Immunoreactive cathepsin D was present in the cytoplasm of many infiltrating phagocytic cells and was increased in skeletal muscle fibers from patients with muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, rhabdomyolysis, acid maltase deficiency, and neurogenic atrophy. In cases of Duchenne type muscular dystrophy, the increase in cathepsin D was especially prominent in small regenerating fibers, in which it was visualized at the ultrastructural level in lysosome-like organelles and extralysosomal locations. The function of cathepsin D in skeletal muscle is unclear, but the present findings suggest a possible role in muscle regeneration and repair. Such a role would necessitate careful selection of drugs which interfere with proteolytic activity if they are to be used as therapeutic agents in treating neuromuscular diseases.
Data-driven multicomputers in digital signal processing

New technologies of integration allow the design of powerful systems which may include several thousands of elementary processors. These multiprocessors may be used for a range of applications in signal and data processing. However, assuring the proper interaction of a large number of processors and the ultimate safe execution of the user programs presents a crucial scheduling problem. The scheduling of operations upon the availability of their operands has been termed the data-driven mode of execution and offers an elegant solution to the issue. This approach is described in this paper and several architectures which have been proposed or implemented (systolic arrays, data-flow machines, etc.) are examined in detail. The problems associated with data-driven execution are also studied. A multi-level approach to high-speed digital signal processing is then evaluated.
Numerical Simulations of Flow Separation Control in Low- Pressure Turbines using Plasma Actuators

A recently introduced phenomenological model to simulate flow control applications using plasma actuators has been further developed and improved in order to expand its use to complicated actuator geometries. The new modeling approach eliminates the requirement of an empirical charge density distribution shape by using the embedded electrode as a source for the charge density. The resulting model is validated against a flat plate experiment with quiescent environment. The modeling approach incorporates the effect of the plasma actuators on the external flow into Navier Stokes computations as a body force vector which is obtained as a product of the net charge density and the electric field. The model solves the Maxwell equation to obtain the electric field due to the applied AC voltage at the electrodes and an additional equation for the charge density distribution representing the plasma density. The new modeling approach solves the charge density equation in the computational domain assuming the embedded electrode as a source therefore automatically generating a charge density distribution on the surface exposed to the flow similar to that observed in the experiments without explicitly specifying an empirical distribution. The model is validated against a flat plate experiment with quiescent environment.
Understanding relaxed memory consistency through interactive visualization

We present Rasho, a tool that extracts and depicts execution scenarios from UPC source code, then allows learners to intervene in the scenarios, manipulating them to explore hypotheses about consistent and inconsistent code. This approach allows learners to play with relaxed consistency inside a responsive, informative visual space.
Micromagnetics at High Temperature

The method of micromagnetics is extended to the cases in which the magnitude of the magnetization cannot be considered constant throughout a ferromagnetic body. The nonlinear equations, corresponding to Brown's equations in the standard treatment of micromagnetics, have been deduced with the proper boundary conditions, as well as their linearized form suitable for evaluation of the nucleation field and mode. Some relationships have been found between the nucleation field deduced in this way and the nucleation field for constant magnitude, emphasizing that a detailed knowledge of the magnetic equation of state of the material is needed for the determination of the true nucleation field. The case of a boundless plate with an applied field normal to its boundary planes has been considered in detail, and the existence of one nucleation mode, termed as "waving," peculiar to this treatment, has been recognized; the conditions for this mode of reversal have been deduced, with the result that it can be expected near the Curie temperature.
Carbon nanotube-coated surface acoustic wave sensor for carbon dioxide sensing

Carbon dioxide gas sensors have been fabricated by self-assembling single-wall nanotube films on a surface acoustic wave delay line operating at 286 MHz. Polymer functionalization was used to enhance the sensitivity of the carbon nanotubes to carbon dioxide. A pulse radar-type interrogation system was used to monitor the conductivity of the nanotube film by measuring the attenuation of the surface acoustic wave due to film-conductivity changes. The conductivity of the film was found to decrease with carbon dioxide concentration. The effect of varying the sheet conductivity of the nanotube film was examined. Both analytical and experimental results show that controlling the conductivity of the CNT film within a specific range highly enhances the sensitivity to carbon dioxide. Experimental results show that the sensor tracks carbon dioxide concentration changes between 0% and 10%. The final sensor is sensitive, small and wirelessly interrogable, thus making it potentially useful for respiratory monitoring.
Health in Prehistoric Populations of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands

Skeletal remains from the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, California were analyzed to evaluate the health consequences of an economic shift from a generalized maritime hunting-and-gathering adaptation to one focused increasingly on fishing. Changes in stature and in the frequency of inflammatory bone lesions suggest that health generally declined during this economic shift. This occurred despite an increase in the protein content of the diet. These data provide a basis for evaluating the significance of protein deficiency as a cause of the deterioration in health seen with the development of intensive agriculture.
Five Years of Empirical Research in the Area of Technical Services: An Examination of Selected Peer-Reviewed Journals, 2007–2011

Through this study the author adds to the existing body of literature on library and information science research by reporting results of statistical descriptive data analysis of the empirical research studies in the field of technical services. The author used the non-probability purposive sample approach and content analysis method to collect and analyze 256 articles published in a group of 21 journals over 5-year period (2007–2011). The author aimed to answer the questions on research methods used and topics addressed by the other authors reviewed in this study. The case study and survey were found to be the two most widely used research methods; the majority of studies employed qualitative data analysis; and the topics of electronic resources management and access to the materials in online catalog were the most popular research topics during the investigated time period. The study is set in context of previous examinations of general library and information science research as well as research conduc...
Occurrence of renal pelvic refluxes during rising urine flow rate in rats and hamsters

Retrograde movements of urine into the renal pelvic space (pelvic refluxes) were studied in anesthetized Munich Wistar rats and hamsters. The urine was made green by a continuous i.v. infusion of lissamine green in saline, and the experimental kidney was either placed on a shallow trough or left in situ. The renal pelvis was exposed and illuminated with a fiber optic light, and urine movements were observed through the transparent but intact pelvic wall. Urine was collected from both kidneys in the rats. In both rats and hamsters, the inner medulla of the kidney was analyzed for solutes at the end of the experiment. The experimental procedures did not interfere with the normal function of the experimental kidney, and the results were the same in rats and hamsters. During constant urine flow, full refluxes did not occur. Urine either moved straight down the ureter after it exited from the ducts of Bellini or it briefly bathed the papillary tip. In rats, full pelvic refluxes started approximately 0.8 min after a bolus injection (0.5 ml of isosmotic saline, i.v.), at a time corresponding to a steep rise in urine flow (2 microliter.min-2.100 g body wt-1). Following increased infusion rate, full refluxes were associated with an increase in urine flow of 0.05 g microliter.min-2.100 g body wt-1. Full refluxes were also seen in the hamsters following a bolus injection or increased infusion rate. Increasing intrapelvic pressure by 1 cm H2O also caused full pelvic refluxes. When full refluxes occurred, urine came into contact with all areas of the renal pelvis. Because full pelvic refluxes occur only during rising urine flow, this mechanism would bring urine with decreasing osmolality into contact with the outer medullary areas facing the pelvic space.
Limit to the performance of optical components

We show a general limit to performance of dispersive optical components based on a limit to the number of orthogonal beams or pulses that can be generated by a strongly scattering object of given composition.
Structural and functional analyses of the repressor, RbsR, of the ribose operon of Escherichia coli.

The DNA sequence encoding the rbs repressor protein, RbsR, has been determined. Amino acid sequence analyses of the product of an rbsR-lacZ fusion and of affinity-purified RbsR demonstrate that translation begins at an unusual codon, TTG, and that the initial amino acid is removed during maturation of the protein. DNA-binding assays indicate that RbsR binds to a region of perfect dyad symmetry spanning the rbs operon transcriptional start site and that the affinity for the rbs operator is reduced by addition of ribose, consistent with ribose being the inducer of the operon. RbsR is a member of a family of homologous repressor proteins having very similar DNA-binding sites and binding to similar operator sequences. [RbsR PIR accession number A41828.]
CARD9: at the intersection of mucosal and systemic antifungal immunity.

In this issue of Blood , Drewniak et al[1][1] demonstrate that neutrophil killing of Candida depends on caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 9 (CARD9) function but not on the production of reactive oxidants. Furthermore, although CARD9 is required for Candida killing, it is dispensable
Localized Deposition of Coronene Molecules on Si(001)-2×1 Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope Tip Source

The deposition of coronene molecules from scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips onto a clean Si(001)-2x1 surface at 25 degrees C was investigated. The STM tips, contaminated with coronene, were found to deposit coronene molecules on the clean Si(001) surface, allowing patterns to be generated. Covalent Si-C chemical bonds, formed between the coronene molecules and the Si substrate, froze the flip-flop motion of the adjacent Si-Si dimers on the substrate. In most cases, the mode of coronene bonding to Si(001) is independent of whether deposition occurs from the gas phase or from the STM tip. Despite the covalent chemical bonds formed between the coronene molecule and the Si substrate, the STM tip can drag the coronene laterally on the Si substrate without inducing a chemical change in the molecule. Sharp spikes observed in the tunneling current during the coronene deposition reflect the abrupt decrease of the tip-substrate distance at the instant of transport of the molecule from tip to surface.
Chronic pancreatitis in African diabetics.

Steatorrhea due to chronic pancreatitis was found in 23% of a consecutive series of 107 new African diabetics; 3 had pancreatic calcification. Of 16, 14 had definitely abnormal exocrine secretion on pancreatic function testing using secretin-pancreozymin stimulation. The morphology and function of the small intestine were normal by local standards. When compared with diabetics without steatorrhea they weighed less, their fasting blood sugars were lower, and their insulin requirements were greater. High alcoholic intake might be a significant cause, but the incidence was similar in the diabetics without steatorrhea. No evidence of childhood or adult malnutrition was established. The etiology of this high incidence of chronic pancreatitis among African diabetics remains unexplained.
Epigenetic regulations through DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation: clues for early pregnancy in decidualization

DNA methylation at cytosines is an important epigenetic modification that participates in gene expression regulation without changing the original DNA sequence. With the rapid progress of high-throughput sequencing techniques, whole-genome distribution of methylated cytosines and their regulatory mechanism have been revealed gradually. This has allowed the uncovering of the critical roles played by DNA methylation in the maintenance of cell pluripotency, determination of cell fate during development, and in diverse diseases. Recently, rediscovery of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and other types of modification on DNA, have uncovered more dynamic aspects of cell methylome regulation. The interaction of DNA methylation and other epigenetic changes remodel the chromatin structure and determine the state of gene transcription, not only permanently, but also transiently under certain stimuli. The uterus is a reproductive organ that experiences dramatic hormone stimulated changes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, and thus provides us with a unique model for studying the dynamic regulation of epigenetic modifications. In this article, we review the current findings on the roles of genomic DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in the regulation of gene expression, and discuss the progress of studies for these epigenetic changes in the uterus during implantation and decidualization.
Comparison of intubation attempts and completion times before and after the initiation of a rapid sequence intubation protocol in an air medical transport program

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the initiation of a rapid sequence intubation (RSI) protocol would decrease the number of intubation attempts and completion times. In the summer of 2001, an RSI protocol was implemented using succinylcholine and etomidate. Before the RSI protocol, patients were sedated with versed and fentanyl for intubation and then paralyzed with succinylcholine to complete intubation, if needed. Retrospectively reviewed patient transport charts yielded 70 patients in the pre-RSI group and 70 patients in the RSI group. The number of attempts in the RSI group significantly dropped in the pre-RSI group, and the time from medication administration to intubation statistically decreased. In this study, the implementation of an RSI protocol resulted in fewer intubation attempts and more rapid intubations.
Atomic structure, composition, mechanisms and dynamics of transformation interfaces in diffusional phase transformations

This overview describes progress that has been made in understanding the atomic structure, composition, mechanisms and dynamics of transformation interfaces in diffusional transformations involving plate-shaped transformation products in the past eight years. Some of the important developments in the area of structure include recognition that diffusional phase transformations obey many of the same crystallographic principles developed for martensite, widespread application of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and atomistic modelling to understand interphase boundary structure and energetics, and determination of the atomic structure and energetics of high-index ledged interfaces. In the area of composition, recent development of thermal field-emission and energy-filtering HRTEM allows compositional profiling at precipitate interfaces with subnanometer spatial resolution. In addition, the position sensitive atom-probe (PoSAP), which can determine both the mass and position of individual atoms, makes it possible to map elemental distributions in some materials with atomic resolution. These techniques are expected to provide an abundance of data on composition at transformation interfaces approaching the atomic level in the near future. In terms of the dynamics of transformation interfaces, application of in situ hot-stage HRTEM to precipitate growth and dissolution has provided information on the atomic mechanisms and kinetics of ledge motion and interaction, the mechanisms and kinetics of kink nucleation, and mechanisms of faceting/roughening of precipitate plates at the atomic level. Also, kinetic models for ledge growth which are able to treat multiple-ledge interactions and time-dependent growth have been developed and are available for comparison with experimental data. In addition to discussion of these and other major developments, effort is made to emphasize current strengths and limitations in each area and indicate possible directions for future research.
EFFECTS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PLANT SAPS, AND THE RELATION OF THESE PROPERTIES TO LEAF TEMPERATURE.

The importance of studies on the physico-chemical properties of expressed plant saps, as indices of physiological and ecological relationships, has long been recognized. Such studies have been confined for the most part to the measurement of osmotic pressure, electrical conductivity, and more recently, the percentage of bound water in the expressed sap. This investigation deals with certain physico-chemical properties of expressed plant saps as influenced by age of plant, soil moisture, and the concentration of salts in the soil. The relationship between osmotic pressure of the cell sap and leaf temperature was also studied.
Management Options for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An overview

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women with 500–000 to 1–000 000 new cases per year. Several risk factors (sex hormones, alcohol, thorotrast, aflatoxin B1, hepatitis B or C, haemochromatosis, α1,-antitrypsin deficiency, tyrosinemia, porphyria cutanea tarda, acute intermittent porphyria, Wilson's disease) associated with the development of HCC have been identified from epidemiological studies. The diagnosis is usually based on a combination of clinical and laboratory findings together with radio-graphic and histopathologic characteristics. HCC remains difficult to treat with a median survival of 3 to 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for HCC. Transcatheter arterial embolization and percutaneous ethanol injection have been used but neither therapy has been evaluated in a prospective randomized study. Combination treatment (e.g. chemotherapy and resection) may be of value but randomi...
Sentinel node mapping identifies vaccine-draining lymph nodes with tumor-specific immunological activity.

Background: Adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) with 4T07-IL2 vaccine-draining lymph node (DLN) cells induced regression of established 4T07 mammary carcinomas, but contralateral non-DLN were inactive. These experiments were performed to determine whether mapping with isosulfan blue (IB), as described for identification of sentinel nodes, would identify vaccine-DLN with antitumor activity. Methods: Ten days after vaccination with 4T07-IL-2, .1 ml of 1% IB was injected into the vaccination site (footpads or flanks). After 3 minutes, mice were euthanized, and the blue-stained nodes were collected. With flank vaccination, IB identified both an inguinal and an axillary node. We also collected DLNs blindly in mice not receiving IB dye. DLN cell suspensions were then activated with bryostatin 1, ionomycin, and IL-2, expanded in culture, and adoptively transferred to mice bearing established 4T07 flank tumors. Results: Complete tumor regression occurred in nearly all mice treated with popliteal or inguinal DLNs collected with or without IB. IB-stained axillary DLNs cured 100% of tumor-bearing mice, whereas none of the mice treated with blindly collected axillary DLNs were cured. Conclusion: We have shown that IB identifies immunologically active DLNs, does not interfere with expansion of lymphocytes in vitro, and, more importantly, has no detrimental effect on the ability of lymphocytes to induce tumor regression in vivo. For axillary DLNs, use of IB mapping identified immunologically active lymph nodes that could not otherwise be found.
Cortisol responses to mental arithmetic in acute and remitted depression.

The present study utilizes a mental arithmetic task (MAT) to test the hypothesis that the response of plasma cortisol to a voluntary effortful task would be state-independent in depression and would be decreased in both acute and remitted depressed patients