cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Ultrasonic Studies of the Acoustoelectric Effect, Ultrasonic Attenuation, and Trapping in CdS

Ultrasonic attenuation and electron trapping in cadmium sulfide have been studied by means of the acoustoelectric effect. Pulses of 30-MHz ultrasound, short compared to the sample length, generate acoustoelectric current signals with a portion corresponding to the sound pulse entirely inside the sample. This portion should decay exponentially with a time constant proportional to the total ultrasonic attenuation, independent of bond losses, transducer efficiencies, etc. By varying the conductivity, the electronic and lattice parts of the attenuation can be separated. Available CdS crystals have rather inhomogeneous spatial impurity distributions which appear as spatial variations in the electron density. These variations distort the exponential decay of the acoustoelectric current, forcing us to formulate a model for the nonuniformity in order to explain the observed waveforms. This model gave good quantitative agreement with the data on one sample. The ultrasonic attenuation due to electrons was found to be accurately described by the theory of Hutson and White, and lattice attenuations of about 2 dB/cm were measured. Information on trapping parameters can be obtained from the magnitude of the acoustoelectric current. One sample showed strong evidence of trapping which could be explained by the presence of a trap 0.4 eV below the conduction band with a density of about 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.
Child labor in the US

This paper presents a report on child labor in the U.S. that reviewed the positive and negative aspects of work for youth. Working was found to provide young people with valuable lessons about responsibility, punctuality, interacting with people and learning about money management, increasing self-esteem and helping them become independent and skilled. Research findings suggested that working during high school may contribute to increased rates of employment and better wages up to a decade after high school completion. Research concerning the hazards associated with work indicated that, each year, tens of thousands of young people are seen in hospital emergency departments for work-related injuries, hundreds require hospitalization, and more than 70 die of work-related injuries. Long work hours during the school year were associated with problem behaviors. The report points out some important questions: updating regulations on allowable work hours, eliminating less stringent regulation of agricultural work, revising outdated rules against hazardous work, developing and implementing a comprehensive plan for monitoring the injuries, illnesses, and hazards, building workplace health and safety information into school-based programs, and developing criteria for designating "commendable workplaces for youth."
Flipping and ex post aggregation

We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information.
The role of myeloid cell activation and arginine metabolism in the pathogenesis of virus-induced diseases.

When an antiviral immune response is generated, a balance must be reached between two opposing pathways: the production of proinflammatory and cytotoxic effectors that drive a robust antiviral immune response to control the infection and regulators that function to limit or blunt an excessive immune response to minimize immune-mediated pathology and repair tissue damage. Myeloid cells, including monocytes and macrophages, play an important role in this balance, particularly through the activities of the arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2; iNOS) and arginase 1 (Arg1). Nitric oxide (NO) production by iNOS is an important proinflammatory mediator, whereas Arg1-expressing macrophages contribute to the resolution of inflammation and wound repair. In the context of viral infections, expression of these enzymes can result in a variety of outcomes for the host. NO has direct antiviral properties against some viruses, whereas during other virus infections NO can mediate immunopathology and/or inhibit the antiviral immune response to promote chronic infection. Arg1 activity has important wound healing functions but can also inhibit the antiviral immune response during some viral infections. Thus, depending on the specific virus and the tissue(s) involved, the activity of both of these arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes can either exacerbate or limit the severity of virus-induced disease. In this review, we will discuss a variety of viral infections, including HIV, SARS-CoV, LCMV, HCV, RSV, and others, where myeloid cells influence the control and clearance of the virus from the host, as well as the severity and resolution of tissue damage, via the activities of iNOS and/or Arg1. Clearly, monocyte/macrophage activation and arginine metabolism will continue to be important areas of investigation in the context of viral infections.
Surjectivity and invertibility properties of totally positive matrices

Abstract A new “finite section” type theorem is used to show that the members of an interesting class of bounded totally positive matrices map l∞ onto l∞ if and only if their range contains a vector which alternates in sign and has coordinates bounded away from zero. The class of matrices studied contains all banded totally positive matrices, and thus all infinite spline collocation matrices. Connections to related work and extension to matrices which are not sign regular are indicated.
Pleuritic chest pain and exertional dyspnea.

*Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, †Division of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, and ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts Reprint Address: David F. M. Brown, MD, Bulfinch 105, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
The algebraic approximation of attractors: the finite dimensional case

Abstract In this article we present a constructive method for approximating attractors. The approximate sets are parts of algebraic sets (i.e. the zeros of high degree polynomial functions) and they can approximate the attractor at an arbitrary high level of accuracy.
Steroid-Eluting Epicardial Pacing Electrodes: Six Year Experience of Pacing Thresholds in a Growing Pediatric Population

Indications for pacemaker implantation in the pediatric population often include sinus or atrioventricular node dysfunction following surgery for congenital heart defects. However, patient size, cardiac defects, and vascular and valvular concerns may limit transvenous lead utilization. Since the epicardial surface of these patients often exhibits variable degrees of fibrosis from scar tissue formation or pericardial adhesions, chronic low output (2.5/1.6 V, 0.3 ms) epicardial pacing from implant is not currently recommended in children due to frequent threshold changes and electrode exit block. As a result, pacing in children is often viewed as a less efficient system than in adults. The addition of steroid combined with newer low threshold electrode designs however stabilizes the electrode-tissue interface and eliminates postimplant changes seen with standard smooth surface electrodes potentially permitting efficient chronic pacemaker application to all patient ages. The stability of chronic low output epicardial pacing with steroid-eluting electrodes was prospectively studied in 22 patients (ages 2 days-18.5 years, median 3.5 years) for up to 6 years. Chronic pulse width thresholds were compared according to implant site and association of prior cardiac surgery. A total of 26 pacing leads were implanted. The acute implant mean pulse width threshold (2.5 V) for all the electrodes studied was 0.10 ms +/- 0.05 ms. Stable low thresholds were maintained for up to 6 years without significant variation from implant. Mean ventricular pulse width thresholds (0.12 ms +/- 0.05 ms) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than atrial thresholds (0.06 ms +/- 0.03 ms) at implant and throughout the study period. The thresholds in the patients following cardiac surgery were comparable to those without previous cardiac surgery (P = NS). Stable low thresholds may be chronically maintained for up to 6 years for epicardial steroid-eluting electrodes irrespective of pacing site or associated cardiac surgery.
Carbon dioxide abolishes the reverse Pasteur effect in Leishmania major promastigotes.

The products released by Leishmania major promastigotes incubated with [1-13C]glucose as sole exogenous carbon source were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Under aerobic (95% O2/5% CO2) conditions, acetate, succinate, and small amounts of pyruvate, d-lactate, and glycerol were released in addition to CO2. Under anaerobic (95% N2/5% CO2) conditions, the relative amounts of products formed changed and alanine was also released. The changes in the rates of glucose consumption and product formation during the aerobic to anaerobic transition were measured. Under hypoxic conditions (O2 <0.2%), glucose consumption was decreased by about 50%. Under completely anaerobic conditions (100% N2), glucose consumption almost ceased (a total reverse Pasteur effect). The inclusion of 5% CO2 in the gas phase restored hypoxic and anaerobic glucose consumption to the aerobic rate, and increased production of succinate, pyruvate, and d-lactate. Thus, CO2 and very low concentrations of O2 have strong regulatory effects on L. major glucose metabolism. A quantitative carbon balance showed that the NMR-identified products accounted for only about 25% of the glucose carbons consumed under aerobic conditions. CO2, measured as the release of 14CO2 from [U-14C]glucose, accounted for an additional 25% of the glucose consumed. About 11% of the glucose carbon was incorporated into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble products, mostly lipid. Large amounts of label from [U-14C]glucose were incorporated into the intracellular pools of alanine, glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate, indicating that CO2 from unlabeled amino acids contributed to the carbon balance. Under anaerobic conditions, all the glucose carbons consumed could be accounted for solely by the NMR-identified products.
Atrioventricular block occurring late after heart transplantation: presentation of three cases and literature review

Sinus node dysfunction is a well-known occurrence following orthotopic heart transplantation, but atrioventricular block is rarely described. We compare the incidence and clinical presentation of atrioventricular block and sinus node dysfunction among the first 200 consecutive patients receiving heart transplantation at the University of Utah. Two of 200 patients (1%) required pacemaker implantation for symptomatic atrioventricular block compared to 13 of 200 (6.5%) who required pacemaker for symptomatic sinus node dysfunction. Of the patients with atrioventricular block, one had intermittent Mobitz II second-degree atrioventricular block and one had high grade atrioventricular block without ventricular escape. The most striking difference between the patients with atrioventricular block and those with sinus node dysfunction was the interval between transplantation and pacemaker implantation; time to pacemaker implantation in the atrioventricular block patients was 955 and 810 days compared to a median time of 26 days for sinus node dysfunction patients (P = 0.037). The patients requiring permanent pacemaker implantation were similar to those not requiring pacemaker implantation with respect to age, sex, ischemic time, and donor age. None of the patients requiring permanent pacemaker implantation was on amiodarone therapy within 2 months of transplant.
Entropy, Sacrifice and Lévi-Strauss’s Dismissal of Ritual

Abstract Levi-Strauss’s scientism positions structuralism midway between information theory and semiotics, a limitation that appears most clearly in his treatment of ritual. At specific junctures Levi-Strauss could have taken his research more towards semiotics, but opted to hew closely to the information paradigm. Phenomena of ritual repetition, redundancy and the extreme case of sacrificial destruction can only be treated as instances of inefficiency and unrecuperated waste from the perspective of information theory. After exploring the factors that led Levi-Strauss to dismiss ritual as a legitimate topic of structuralist analysis, this essay retools analytical resources developed from Mauss to Bataille that Levi-Strauss ignored. As binary oppositions and conceptual exclusions give way to immanent networks of relational structures, the paradigmatically excluded topics of ritual and sacrifice help to bridge the gap between the structuralist approaches that Levi-Strauss developed and other resources in semiotic theory.
Drug Facilitation of the Audiogenic Seizure

(1942). Drug Facilitation of the Audiogenic Seizure. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 223-227.
Six-state reconfigurable filter structure for antenna based systems

This paper demonstrates a six-state reconfigurable band-pass filter intended to add frequency tunability to antenna systems. The present topology produces filter responses with center frequencies of f/sub 0/= 9, 10, and 11 GHz and achieves independent bandwidth control with an average tunable passband ratio of 1.73:1 between the wideband configurations ranging from 13.4% and 14.7% and the narrowband configurations ranging from 7.7% and 8.5%. PIN diodes are implemented as switching elements and the distinct states are discretely accomplished by the connection and isolation of strategically placed transmission line sections. The insertion loss of the filter ranges between 1.74 and 1.92 dB. The circuit produces no significant signal distortion resulting in third-order intermodulation intercept points (IIP3) greater than 48 dBm for tones separated by 1 MHz around the center frequencies.
Role of Acidic Sphingomyelinase in Fas/CD95-mediated Cell Death

Engagement of the Fas receptor has been reported to induce ceramide generation via activation of acidic sphingomyelinase (aSMase). However, the role of aSMase in Fas-mediated cell death is controversial. Using genetically engineered mice deficient in the aSMase gene (aSMase−/−), we found that thymocytes, concanavalin A-activated T cells, and lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells derived from both aSMase−/− and aSMase+/+ mice were equally sensitive to Fas-mediated cell death, triggered by either anti-Fas antibody or Fas ligand in vitro. Similarly, activation-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes was unaffected by the status of aSMase, and aSMase−/− mice failed to show immunological symptoms seen in animals with defects in Fas function.In vivo, intravenous injection of 3 μg/25 g mouse body weight of anti-Fas Jo2 antibody into aSMase−/− mice failed to affect hepatocyte apoptosis or mortality, whereas massive hepatocyte apoptosis and animal death occurred in wild type littermates. Animals heterozygous for aSMase deficiency were also significantly protected. Susceptibility of aSMase−/− mice to anti-Fas antibody was demonstrated with higher antibody doses (≥4 μg/25 g mouse). These data indicate a role for aSMase in Fas-mediated cell death in some but not all tissues.
Highly polymorphic domains of the human serum amyloid A (SAA) gene GSAA1.

The DNA of the human serum amyloid A (SAA) gene GSAA1 contains several repetitive regions within its introns. We have studied length variations al one such region in the 2nd intron by selective amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and defined oligonucleotide primers. The lengths of the repetitive regions frequently differ between individual chromosomes and can be transmitted as Mendelian markers, making them useful for genetic linkage analysis.
Recent experience with different methods of drag prediction

Abstract During the recent past the process of engineering design has changed entirely because of rapid developments in computational simulations. In aerodynamic design, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are slowly superseding empirical methods and design engineers are spending more and more time applying CFD tools to analyze and predict the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to review recent experiences in CFD-based drag prediction with an emphasis on flow solutions governed by the Euler and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. For these types of flow solutions, various drag analysis methodologies are outlined and applied to determine the drag of components of as well as whole-body airplanes, helicopters, and ground-based vehicles at subsonic and transonic flow conditions. The review demonstrates that although significant progress has been made, CFD-based drag prediction still faces a number of hurdles that must be dealt with before it will become more widely accepted.
A crowdsourcing quality control model for tasks distributed in parallel

Quality control for crowdsourcing systems has been identified as a significant challenge [2]. We propose a data-driven model for quality control in the context of crowdsourcing systems with the goal of assessing the quality of each individual contribution for parallel distributed tasks (allowing multiple people working on a same task). The model is initiated with a data training process providing a rough estimate for several quality-related performance measures (e.g. time spent on a task). The initial estimates are combined with observations of results produced by workers to estimate the quality for each individual contribution. We conduct a study to evaluate the model in the context of improving speech recognition-based text correction using MTurk services. Results indicate that the model accurately predicts quality for more than 92% of the non-negative (useful) contributions and 96% of the negative (useless) ones.
CONCENTRATED EMULSIONS OF PERFLUBRON IN AQUEOUS MEDIA

Flocculation of o/w emulsions consisting of a perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsified by either phospholipids or decaglyceroldioleate (10-2-O) was assessed both by direct observation and through photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and viscoelasticity measurements in unsteady oscillatory flow. Flocculation gives rise to emulsion instability but can be prevented (a) by the addition of a negatively charged surfactant to either phosphatidylcholine (PC) or 10-2-O, respectively the zwitterionic phospholipid and the nonionic surfactant used as primary emulsifiers, or (b) by using a saccharide solution as the continuous phase. The study indicates that both electrostatic (Coulombic) repulsive forces and hydration (steric) forces play a role in preventing flocculation. Various minor components of the egg yolk phospholipids (EYP) used in commercial emulsion preparation probably stabilize the emulsion by increasing both electrostatic and hydration repulsion.
Demographic, organizational and economic determinants of work satisfaction: An assessment of work attitudes of females in academic settings

Using a sample of females employed in nonindustrial settings, a model of work satisfaction was proposed and tested using nonlinear iterative partial least squares (PLS). Included in the final model were three demographic variables (age, hierarchical level, and education); two organizational variables (routinization and size); and two economic variables (objective and perceptual measures of opportunity). Positive relationships were observed between age and work satisfaction and hierarchical level and work satisfaction. An inverse relationship between education and work satisfaction was detected also. Both of the organizational variables were negatively correlated with work attitudes. Objective measures of opportunity (e.g., the unemployment rate) were negatively related to perceived opportunity, and perceived opportunity was inversely related to work satisfaction. The model explained almost 33% of the variance in job satisfaction, although the objective measures of opportunity accounted for less than 2% of...
Identification and analysis of arachidonic acid in Plexaura homomalla, var. R and var. S.

Abstract The content of eicosatetraenoic (C20:4) acid in Plexaura homomalla lipids was determined by transesterification with sodium methoxide and gas-liquid chromatography of the resulting fatty acid methyl esters. The C20:4 methyl ester constituted 22.6 % of the non-polar fatty acid esters of variant R lipids, 33.9 % of the non-polar fatty acid esters of variant S lipids, and 0.4% of the dry weight in both variants. The position and stereochemistry of the double bonds in the C20:4 acid was determined by partial reduction to a C20:1 acid mixture, separation of cis and trans C20:1 methyl esters on AgNO3 impregnated silicic acid thin layer plates, and oxidative cleavage of the C20:1 methyl ester mixture with permanganate-periodate. The double bonds were shown to be at Positions 5, 8, 11, and 14 with less than 2.4 % of the molecules having a trans double bond. Therefore, more than 97% of the C20:4 acid in the lipids of both variant S and variant R of P. homomalla is arachidonic acid, and the difference in stereo-chemistry at Position 15 of the P. homomalla prostaglandins ((15R) for variant R, (15S) for variant S) cannot be reasonably explained by a stereochemical difference of a C20:4 precursor fatty acid.
The Sleep Patterns of Preschool Children General Principles and Current Knowledge

This article summarizes current understanding and insight con cerning sleep requirements, patterns and problems of young children which may be helpful to the practitioner caring for chil dren. Fundamental principles regarding children's sleep are indi vidually presented, followed by a brief discussion of each principle.
Predictors of Family Business Tensions and Goal Achievement

The purpose of this study is to investigate predictors of business tensions and family and business goal achievement within family businesses. Household managers identified higher business tensions and higher goal achievement levels than did business managers. A family health assessment (APGAR) was the highest predictor of business tensions for both household and business managers. Total business tensions was the most significant predictor of business goal achievement for both business and household managers, and family health (APGAR) was the largest contributor to family goal achievement for both managers.
Chronic illness needs educated doctors: An innovative primary care training program for chronic illness education.

Background: Medical educators need proven curriculum innovations that prepare trainees for the expanding number of patients with chronic illnesses.Purpose: We describe and evaluate the effectiveness of a chronic illness training program, Chronic Illness Needs Educated Doctors (CINED).Method: Forty-seven trainees completed four instructional components: (1) measurements of the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic illnesses; (2) didactic sessions in which they described chronically ill patients and their care; (3) written narratives describing the trainees’ reactions for these patients; and (4) portfolios offering evidence of chronic illness learning. We measured the accuracy of the trainees’ clinical skills at the end of CINED with an objective standardized clinical exercise (OSCE).Results: Forty-seven trainees scored the perceptions of mental and physical health of 414 chronic illnesses patients. In 47 didactic sessions and 93 written narratives, the trainees explained the relationship ...
Size and function in conifer tracheids and angiosperm vessels

The wide size range of conifer tracheids and angiosperm vessels has important consequences for function. In both conduit types, bigger is better for conducting efficiency. The gain in efficiency with size is maximized by the control of conduit shape, which balances end-wall and lumen resistances. Although vessels are an order of magnitude longer than tracheids of the same diameter, they are not necessarily more efficient because they lack the low end-wall resistance of tracheids with torus-margo pits. Instead, vessels gain conducting efficiency over tracheids by achieving wider maximum diameters. End-walls contributed 56-64% to total xylem resistance in both conduit types, indicating that length limits conducting efficiency. Tracheid dimensions may be more limited by unicellularity and the need to supply strength to homoxylous wood than by the need to protect against cavitation. In contrast, the greater size of the multicellular vessel is facilitated by fibers that strengthen heteroxylous wood. Vessel dimensions may be most limited by the need to restrict intervessel pitting and cavitation by air-seeding. Stressful habitats that promote narrow vessels should favor coexistence of conifers and angiosperms. The evolution of vessels in angiosperm wood may have required early angiosperms to survive a phase of mechanic and hydraulic instability.
Comparison of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung by metabolomic analysis of tissue–serum pairs

The prospect of establishing serum metabolomic profiles offers great clinical significance for its potential to detect human lung cancers at clinically asymptomatic stages. Patients with suspicious serum metabolomic profiles may undergo advanced radiological tests that are too expensive to be employed as screening tools for the mass population. As the first step to establishing such profiles, this study investigates correlations between tissue and serum metabolomic profiles for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) in the lungs of humans. Tissue and serum paired samples from 14 patients (five SCCs and nine ACs), and seven serum samples from healthy controls were analyzed with high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HRMAS 1HMRS). Tissue samples were subjected to quantitative histological pathology analyses after MRS. Based on pathology results, tissue metabolomic profiles for the evaluated cancer types were established using principal component and canonical analyses on measurable metabolites. The parameters used to construct tissue cancer profiles were then tested with serum spectroscopic results for their ability to differentiate between cancer types and identify cancer from controls. In addition, serum spectroscopic results were also analyzed independent of tissue data. Our results strongly indicate the potential of serum MR spectroscopy to achieve the task of differentiating between the tested human lung cancer types and from controls.
Crossed cerebellar diaschisis after stroke identified noninvasively with cerebral blood flow-weighted arterial spin labeling MRI

Abstract Background and purpose Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is most commonly investigated using hemodynamic PET and SPECT imaging. However, noninvasive MRI offers advantages of improved spatial resolution, allowing hemodynamic changes to be compared directly with structural findings and without concerns related to ionizing radiation exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between CCD identified from cerebral blood flow (CBF)-weighted arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI with cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR)-weighted blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI, Wallerian degeneration, clinical motor impairment, and corticospinal tract involvement. Methods Subjects ( n = 74) enrolled in an ongoing observational stroke trial underwent CBF-weighted ASL and hypercapnic CVR-weighted BOLD MRI. Hemispheric asymmetry indices for basal cerebellar CBF, cerebellar CVR, and cerebral peduncular area were compared between subjects with unilateral supratentorial infarcts ( n = 18) and control subjects without infarcts ( n = 16). CCD required (1) supratentorial infarct and (2) asymmetric cerebellar CBF (>95% confidence interval relative to controls). Results In CCD subjects ( n = 9), CVR ( p = 0.04) and cerebral peduncular area ( p n = 9), CCD subjects had no difference in corticospinal tract location for infarct ( p = 1.0) or motor impairment ( p = 0.08). Conclusions CCD correlated with cerebellar CVR asymmetry and Wallerian degeneration. These findings suggest that noninvasive MRI may be a useful alternative to PET or SPECT to study structural correlates and clinical consequences of CCD following supratentorial stroke.
Interferometric Calibration of Precision Screws and Control of Ruling Engines

A new device is described with which screws of any length can be calibrated rapidly for both periodic and cumulative errors in terms of interference fringes. It can also be used to plot correction cams to remove fixed errors of translation or rotation, and to monitor the operation of an engine while ruling diffraction gratings or scales, correcting by automatic feedback differences between the actual carriage position and its proper position as shown by an optical interference field. This so-called “Commensurator,” whose name arises from its function of overcoming the incommensurability of the wavelength of the light used for calibration and the lead of a screw with English or metric threads, consists principally of a screw drive system, eight-figure dials, and a generator, geared together in ratios that can be controlled to one part in 108. Fringes produced by a Michelson interferometer mounted on the ruling engine (or having one mirror moved by the nut of the screw being calibrated) are changed photoelectrically to a wave train that measures translation to within 0.1 micro-inch. A second wave train of almost identical average frequency is produced by the Commensurator generator to measure screw rotation, and the two trains are continuously compared by means of a phase-sensitive amplifier and motor to within 1/100 cycle or fringe. Any error in carriage translation appears as a lag or lead which produces a torque in the motor until synchronism is re-established by a relative shift of the two wave trains, and thus makes possible automatic plotting of the screw error curve on a moving chart. Corrections for changes in barometric pressure or in temperature can be introduced during operation. By means of this device the variations in lead of a screw having 14 inches of nut motion have been recorded to the nearest 0.2 micro-inch in eight hours. When the error signals of the Commensurator are fed back directly to the corrector mechanism of a ruling engine, transient as well as fixed errors of run and period can be automatically compensated for. If the fringe system is lost, it can be re-established from the Commensurator record, so that controlled ruling of gratings wider than any available coherent fringe-field appears possible. During any period in which fringe control is not exerted the engine operates in the orthodox manner.
An All-Digital 12 pJ/Pulse IR-UWB Transmitter Synthesized From a Standard Cell Library

This paper presents an all-digital impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter. All functional blocks in the transmitter are implemented with digital standard cells and automatically place-and-routed by design tools. The center frequency and the bandwidth of the UWB pulses are digitally tuned to compensate for variations, or target different applications. This paper also proposes a calibration scheme and modeling of a cell-based digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which takes systematic mismatch from automatic place-and-route into account. The transmitter is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, and occupies a core area of 0.032 mm2. The transmitter operates in the 3.1-5.0 GHz UWB band with leakage power of 170 μW and active energy consumption ranges from 8 pJ/pulse to 16 pJ/pulse, which combine to a total minimum energy/pulse of 12 pJ/pulse at 50 Mb/s.
Bridge Information Modeling for Inspection and Evaluation

AbstractThis paper presents a method and prototype implementation for tracking and assessing the structural condition of bridges. The method uses building information modeling (BIM) software to link and analyze data related to the inspection, evaluation, and management of bridges. In the proposed method, an inspector uses a custom software add-in, developed by the authors, to capture information on damage type, amount, severity, and location gathered during bridge inspection. Next, a custom tool in Microsoft Excel evaluates the structural performance and provides load ratings of the inspected bridge. The proposed method was validated through field testing on a case study bridge. Findings from this study suggest that BIM can effectively facilitate the inspection and evaluation of bridges, which may, in the future, enable transportation agencies to more efficiently manage bridge inventories and lead to a more automated practice.
Violation of geometric scaling in deep inelastic scattering due to coulomb corrections

We compute the Coulomb correction to the total and diffractive cross sections for virtual photon scattering off a heavy nucleus at low x. We show that it violates the geometric scaling in a wide range of photon virtualities and is weakly x independent. In heavy nuclei at low Q2, the Coulomb correction to the total and diffractive cross sections is about 20% and 40%, correspondingly.
Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate accumulation by a pulmonary hamartoma.

Bone scanning agents have been reported to accumulate in many different benign and malignant neoplasms. The degree of uptake has been shown to relate to calcium content. Pulmonary hamartoma is the most common benign lung tumor. Calcifications are present in 25-30% of cases and are best demonstrated
Institutional Outcomes in Patients Evaluated for Possible Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Which Factors Are Predictive of Positive Response to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement? (P02.245)

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine patient outcomes after their initial evaluation in the Movement Disorders (MD) Clinic at our institution for possible normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). We attempted to identify predictive factors that lead to the clinical diagnosis of NPH and ultimately to pursuit of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement, as well as those that lead to positive post-surgical outcomes. Background First, we wanted to review patient outcomes after VPS placement for NPH at our institution. Second, given current limitations in successfully identifying optimal surgical candidates among patients with possible NPH, we wanted to review the clinical and radiological data utilized for decision-making with each patient to see if certain factors were more predictive of positive outcome. Design/Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of patients evaluated in MD Clinic for gait disturbance between January 2007 and October 2010. Outcomes were based on the patients9 postoperative assessments in Neurosurgery and/or MD Clinic and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale scores. Results: Fourteen of 25 patients initally evaluated in MD Clinic for gait disturbance and possible NPH ultimately underwent VPS placement, 12 of those at our institution. Of those, 11 had post-operative CGIs between 1 (very much improved) and 3 (minimally improved). Only one patient had no change after surgery. In the patients that underwent high-volume lumbar puncture (LP) as part of evaluation for possible NPH, a higher percent change in gait speed and lower post-LP CGI were associated with surgery, but not necessarily with more positive post-surgical outcome. Conclusions: In general, patients undergoing VPS placement for probable NPH after evaluation in MD Clinic had positive outcomes, with improvement in gait dysfunction. However, measures such as percent change in gait speed after high-volume lumbar puncture, frequently used to predict response to VPS, were not necessarily predictive of the degree of improvement after surgery. Disclosure: Dr. Tate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siddiqui has nothing to disclose.
Effects of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Sea Nettle) Toxin on the Rat Cardiovascular System

SummarySea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha) tentacles inflict cutaneous damage on many animals, including man. The cardiovascular action of the nettle toxin was investigated to determine whether this agent was capable of injuring tissues other than skin. Cardiac conduction abnormalities and ischemic electrocardiographic changes occurred in rats shortly after intravenous injections of the nettle toxin. Large doses of toxin produced a prompt increase in arterial blood pressure. These results support the premise that the nettle's sting, which clinically injures human skin, might affect other tissues if an adequate dosage were administered.This study was supported in part by grants-in-aid from the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and Maryland Department of Chesapeake Bay Affairs, Grant 14-17-007-959 and the U. S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Grant 1 R01 UI 00642-01. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Mrs. Patricia Fannin, Mr. Michael P. Zimring, Mr. John C. Lee, Dr. John ...
Some Issues on the Flicker Source Location

Voltage flicker is a common interference in distribution system.The limitation and detection method are proposed in GB 12326-2000.In the process of flicker analysis,much work focused on studying the voltage wave,computing the flicker severity and developing the flickermeter.The location of flick-type interference source is an emergent problem in power quality domain.Because the research on operating character of flicker-type interference load has been neglected,there isn't any applicable method of locating interference source in engineering.After summarizing the detection methods of interference source,several qualitative location methods and their feasibility are discussed.Finally,the technical base and key point of interference source location are included in this paper.
Increased Physical Growth After Successful Antireflux Operation

AbstractGross vesicoureteral reflux with infection can retard renal growth. Resumption of renal growth or even accelerated growth has been reported after successful surgical repair of reflux in children. No published reports examining the effect on physical growth are available. The preoperative and postoperative physical growth curves were examined in 35 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing ureteroneocystostomy for reflux. The significant (average 81 per cent) increase in the postoperative physical growth percentile is presented and discussed.
Evidence for the Accumulation and Steady-State Persistence of E. coli in Subtropical Drainage Basin Sediments

While the presence of fecal indicator bacteria such as Escherichia coli in urban stormwater has been widely documented, their occurrence and persistence in sediments are not as well understood. Recent investigations suggest that E. coli can accumulate in drainage basin sediments and act as a fecal bacterial reservoir within a watershed. We investigate the prevalence of E. coli populations in a tidal creek stormwater catchment and examine their interaction with overlying stormwater under wet and dry weather conditions. Two rain events are sampled more intensively with samples collected prior to, during, and after rainfall to profile bacteria in each matrix throughout a storm. Results of profile sampling and estimates of sediment resuspension provide evidence for E. coli accumulation during dry conditions and entrainment in overlying waters during storm conditions. Profile results suggest the occurrence of steady-state E. coli populations in drainage basin sediments.
A comparison of Broviac® and peripherally inserted central catheters in children with intestinal failure

Abstract Purpose Central venous catheters (CVCs) are a source of morbidity for children with intestinal failure (IF). Complications include infection, breakage, occlusion, and venous thrombosis. Broviacs® have traditionally been preferred, but peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are gaining popularity. This study compares complications between Broviacs® and PICCs in children with IF. Methods After IRB approval, children with IF receiving parenteral nutrition (2012–2016) were reviewed. Complications were compared between Broviacs® and PICCs using the generalized estimation equation population-averaged Poisson regression model. P values Results 36 children (0.1–16years) with IF were reviewed, accounting for 27,331 catheter days, 108 Broviacs® (3F–9F), and 54 PICCs (2-11F). Broviacs® had a significantly higher infection rate (4.2 vs. 2.6/1000 catheter days, p=0.011), but PICCs were more likely to break (1.56 vs. 0.26/1000 catheter days, p=0.002). When comparing same size catheters (3F), there were no significant differences in infection, breakage, or occlusion. Twelve children (33%) had central venous thrombosis, all after Broviac® placement. Three children (8%) had basilic vein thrombosis after PICC placement. Conclusion Although Broviacs® and PICCs had similar complication rates, there were fewer central venous thromboses associated with PICCs. This should be considered when choosing catheters for children with IF. Level of evidence 11b (Prognosis Study).
Optical imaging of tissue obtained by transbronchial biopsies of peripheral lung lesions.

Background: Bronchoscopic procedures have been increasingly used for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancers, but the yield remains moderately low. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and ability of a custom-built bimodal optical spectroscopy system to enhance the on-site discrimination between malignant and benign specimens obtained from the transbronchial lung biopsies (TBLB) of peripheral lung lesions. Methods: We conducted a prospective and single-center pilot study to examine the TBLB specimens obtained from peripheral lung lesions. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and diffuse fluorescence spectroscopy (DFS) parameters were used to analyze the optical characteristics of these specimens. Results: One hundred and sixteen biopsy specimens from 15 patients were analyzed using optical imaging. All specimens had a confirmed pathologic diagnosis. Notably, 22 of the 116 specimens were malignant, and 10 of the 94 non-malignant specimens were necrotic biopsies. Individual parameters showed significant difference between the three groups (malignant, non-malignant and necrosis). Multivariate analysis of the blood, scattering and fluorescence parameters demonstrated a sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 73.1% in differentiating between malignant and benign specimens and a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 100% in differentiating malignant from necrotic specimens. Conclusions: We conclude that optical spectroscopy is a feasible modality for on-site discrimination between malignant and benign as well as malignant and necrotic TBLB specimens of peripheral lung lesions.
Long-term culture and cloning of primary human bronchial basal cells that maintain multipotent differentiation capacity and CFTR channel function.

While primary cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF human bronchial epithelial basal cells (HBECs) accurately represent in vivo phenotypes, one barrier to their wider use has been a limited ability to cl...
Non-conventional vortex generators calculated with CFD

Wind turbine blades size has increased during last years due to wind turbine platform growth especially for offshore applications. The interest of wind turbine manufacturers in blade add-ons have raised to mitigate flow separation and blade loading. One type of add-ons are the vortex generators (VGs). VGs are passive flow control devices that are usually triangular or rectangular vanes inclined to the flow and are dimensioned with regard to the local boundary layer thickness. VGs are known for their capability of delaying separation and increasing lift force on the blade. Their main drawback is the drag penalty added to the blades. In this work, novel shaped VGs are computed with OpenFoam using a fully resolved approach to test if they are efficient with regard to the drag penalty. The use of non-conventional VGs reduce the separated flow zone in the leading-edge of the vane resulting in a lower residual drag and in an increase on the overall efficiency. This fact would reduce the loads associated with the vane. Three VG shapes are simulated. Two of them have a cross section based on thin airfoils and the other one is a conventional rectangular VG used as reference. The VGs are mounted on a flat plate and they are calculated for the same flow characteristics and size than the ones used in the experiments performed under the scope of the AVATAR project [1]. Relevant quantities, such as the peak vorticity, the vortex vertical and lateral paths, wall shear stress, velocity contours and drag coefficient, will be compared in order to evaluate the VGs performance.
Kolsky Bar for Dynamic Structural Experiments

Kolsky bars rely on stress wave propagation in elastic bars to apply dynamic load on a specimen and to measure the loading and deformation histories in the specimen. This principle of using stress waves to supply dynamic loading and to remotely detect mechanical events can be equally employed to characterize the dynamic response of various structures. In this chapter, we review some of the recent applications of different versions of the Kolsky bars including (1) determination of dynamic fracture behaviors of notched specimens, (2) determination of the biaxial flexural strength of thin brittle sheets, (3) examination of the dynamic response of micro-machined structures, and (4) low-speed penetration.
Diterpenoid Alkaloid Concentration in Tall Larkspur Plants Damaged by Larkspur Mirid

Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) is a serious poisonous plant threat to cattle on mountain rangelands. The larkspur mirid [Hopplomachus affiguratus] has been proposed as a biological tool to damage tall larkspur in an effort to deter grazing by cattle and thus prevent poisoning. Preliminary data suggested that it may also reduce toxic alkaloid levels. The objective of this study was to determine if damage caused by the larkspur mirid would reduce toxic alkaloid concentration. Larkspur mirids were collected in the field in 1992 and placed on potted plants in the greenhouse. The resulting mirid-damaged leaves were lower in toxic alkaloids than leaves from uninfested plants. In the 1995 field study, toxic and total norditerpenoid alkaloid concentrations were measured in two larkspur populations having established mirid populations and in two newly infested larkspur populations. In the 1996 field study, three widely separated larkspur populations infested with mirids were sampled. Mirid-damaged leaves were lower in toxic alkaloids in both years, but there were no differences in flowering heads. However, only at Yampa, Colorado, did mirids reduce toxic alkaloids to levels that would not pose a threat to cattle. There was no difference in toxic or total alkaloid concentration between larkspur populations with long-term mirid infestations compared to newly infested plants. The plant-to-plant variability in alkaloid concentration was greater than differences due to mirids.