cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A wait-free queue as fast as fetch-and-add

Concurrent data structures that have fast and predictable performance are of critical importance for harnessing the power of multicore processors, which are now ubiquitous. Although wait-free objects, whose operations complete in a bounded number of steps, were devised more than two decades ago, wait-free objects that can deliver scalable high performance are still rare.In this paper, we present the first wait-free FIFO queue based on fetch-and-add (FAA). While compare-and-swap (CAS) based non-blocking algorithms may perform poorly due to work wasted by CAS failures, algorithms that coordinate using FAA, which is guaranteed to succeed, can in principle perform better under high contention. Along with FAA, our queue uses a custom epoch-based scheme to reclaim memory; on x86 architectures, it requires no extra memory fences on our algorithm's typical execution path. An empirical study of our new FAA-based wait-free FIFO queue under high contention on four different architectures with many hardware threads shows that it outperforms prior queue designs that lack a wait-free progress guarantee. Surprisingly, at the highest level of contention, the throughput of our queue is often as high as that of a microbenchmark that only performs FAA. As a result, our fast wait-free queue implementation is useful in practice on most multi-core systems today. We believe that our design can serve as an example of how to construct other fast wait-free objects.
Imaging of American Football Injuries

American football games are a centerpiece of sports culture in the United States. The excitement and physicality make the sport attractive to fans, and yet the athletes put themselves at risk for injury with every snap of the football. While this is true for many sports, gridiron football has the highest rate of injury among all major sports. Catastrophic injuries have declined with improvements in equipment, coaching, and rule modification. At the same time, however, advancements in training methods over the past few decades have led to bigger, stronger, and faster players. The result is harder tackles and quicker cutting and pivoting movements that make the game more exciting to watch but lead to frequent musculoskeletal injuries. Lower extremity injuries are the most common, with the knee and ankle the most frequently injured. Sprains and strains occur more often than bone injuries or concussions. Given that more injuries involve the soft tissues, MRI has a distinct advantage over radiography and CT for direct evaluation of the injury. The high accuracy of MRI in diagnosis has lead to its increased utilization especially among professional athletes. In addition, concomitant injuries may be discovered that were unsuspected on physical exam and radiography. Ultimately, the player is the main determinant when deciding when to return to play from an injury, although imaging can assist in the treatment algorithm and help estimate the number of potential missed games.
A New 8-Row Ground Sprayer with Auxiliary Air for ULV Application of Pesticides to Cotton

A ground sprayer that uses the principle of the air blast to deliver ultra low volume (ULV) applications of pesticides minimized drift and increased the amount of material deposited on the target area. The 8-row sprayer consists of 8 boom-mounted external atomizers (1 per row) that spray finely atomized material into air blasts of about 85 mph that are directed into the plants. The rapidly moving air replaces the carrier water used in a conventional water-oil emulsion sprayer. ULV applications of Azodrin® (3-hydroxr- N -methyl- cis -crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), technical grade Bay 41831 ( O, O -dimethyl 0-4.nitro- m -tolyl phosphorothioate), and toxaphene + DDT were compared with conventional spray applications of toxaphene + DDT and Azodrin against various cotton pests. Results against the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman; the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie) ; and the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), obtained with materials applied with the new ULV sprayer were at least as good as those obtained when the insecticides were applied with the conventional sprayer.
Restorative Justice: Misunderstood and Misapplied

One of the most popular criminal justice paradigms is restorative justice. Restorative justice is victim-centered and focuses on repairing the damage individuals and communities suffer as a result of a criminal act. Uncoerced apologies and remorse for the offending behavior and the victim are important features of restorative justice. However, the criminal justice system and the public eschew principal features of restorative justice. For example, the law coerces apology and remorse. Moreover, the courtroom has become, for the most part, a place for victims, and sometimes judges to attack, demean, ridicule, and disparage defendantsall antithetical to restorative justice. The omnipresent expectation for an offender to unilaterally accept total responsibility for the crime, apologize to the victim, and express remorse for the crime undermines the core objectives of restorative justice and obscures significant social and legal problems.
THE MEAN ANNUAL RANGE AND STANDARD DEVIATION AS MEASURES OF DISPERSION OF TEMPERATURE AROUND THE ANNUAL MEAN

The mean annual range of temperature, and the standard deviation of hourly temperatures around the annual mean were compared for several dozen stations differing greatly in latitude and continental...
Temperature Dependence of the l/f Noise in Heat-Treated Films of Al And Al-Cu

The 1/f noise in heat-treated Al and AI-Cu thin films was investigated at a current density of 20 mA/μm 2 from approximately RT to 200 C. The results were consistent with the Dutta-Dimon-Hom model, i.e., the noise is the result of a collection of two-state systems. From the temperature dependence of the noise, a modified Dutta-Dimon-Hom model was used to extract the energy of formation, Δ H f , and the energy of migration, Δ H m , of the noise process. The development as well as simulations of this model will be discussed. It will be shown that Δ H m can be determined through investigation of the temperature at which the noise magnitude peaks for many frequencies. It will also be shown that Δ H f can be determined by investigation of the temperature at which the noise magnitude peaks and the temperature at which a, the negative of the logarithmic slope of the power spectral density, passes through 1. For both the Al and Al-Cu films, Δ H m was approximately 0.7 eV. The results also indicated that Δ H f was ≤ 0.1 eV for the Al films, and only slightly higher, i.e., 0.1 - 0.2 eV, for the Al-Cu films. The temperature at which cx passes through I was similar for both the Al and AI-Cu films. These results strongly suggest that the l/f noise is caused by the motion of Al atoms along the grain boundaries.
Iridium containing honeycomb Delafossites by topotactic cation exchange

We report the structure and magnetic properties of two new iridium-based honeycomb Delafossite compounds, Cu3NaIr2O6 and Cu3LiIr2O6, formed by a topotactic cation exchange reaction. The starting materials Na2IrO3 and Li2IrO3, which are based on layers of IrO6 octahedra in a honeycomb lattice separated by layers of alkali ions, are transformed to the title compounds by a topotactic exchange reaction through heating with CuCl below 450 °C; higher temperature reactions cause decomposition. The new compounds display dramatically different magnetic behavior from their parent compounds - Cu3NaIr2O6 has a ferromagnetic like magnetic transition at 10 K, while Cu3LiIr2O6 retains the antiferromagnetic transition temperature of its parent compound but displays significantly stronger dominance of antiferromagnetic coupling between spins. These results reveal that a surprising difference in the magnetic interactions between the magnetic Ir ions has been induced by a change in the non-magnetic interlayer species. A combination of neutron and X-ray powder diffraction is used for the structure refinement of Cu3NaIr2O6 and both compounds are compared to their parent materials.
"Powerless, With a Guitar": Music and Student Protest at the University of Iowa: 1965-1971

The years 1965 – 1971 were tumultuous ones at the University of Iowa. Student protests against the Vietnam War, racial and sexist discrimination, University complicity in the war effort, and police brutality wracked campus. Simultaneously, an avant-garde community of artists, writers, and musicians created a sub-society of free expression and creative opposition to mainstream values and practices. The music of the era - written, produced, performed, and recorded by both local and national artists - was pivotal in creating and circulating the rhetoric of Iowa student protest to its supporters. In order to find where music and student protest converged, I conducted several oral interviews with musicians and artists who were active in the protest movement at that time. I studied the events of student protest at the University of Iowa Special Collections, and traced medias such as pamphlets, newspapers, and documentaries to capture how the events unfolded. I also delved into underground papers Middle Earth and the Iowa City Oppressed Citizen, which published student voice in support of the protests. Several of their publications reference music and lyrics in direct line with their ideology. My research found that student protest at the University of Iowa largely reflected the practices and trends of student protests across the country. In this way, my research is a case study of music and student ideology from 1965 – 1971 in a specific community and university setting. Students at Iowa created a grassroots movement of protest and support that was fueled by folk music and collective identity. However, as national events unfolded, the student movement at the University of Iowa split into different camps: one committed to civil disobedience, and the other committed to confrontations with University and local authority. As the protest movement shifted, the music that was written and consumed in Iowa City shifted as well. The militant, experimental genres of Blues and Psychedelic shaped student voice into the early 1970’s. When the two camps of student protest at Iowa ultimately destroyed one another, the musicians and artists that fueled the movement “dropped out” of society. Nonetheless, the spirit of student ideology still exists in their music which can still be heard today.
Compositional, infrared, and x-ray analysis of fossil bone

Fossil bone exhibits an increase in flourine over modern mammalian (3% vs. 0.18%), but CO 2 (3.7% vs. 4.4%) and H 2 O (5. 36% vs. 6%) are essentially the same. Heating of fossil bone, modern bone, and carbonate-bearing apatites to 1250 degrees produces no separation. CaO phase is detectable by X-ray diffraction, but Na is subsequently leached preferentially. The IR spectrograms provide no evidence of physically discrete CO 2 -bearing phases in carbonate apatites and fossil bones. The (CO 3 ) - v 3 vibration in the 7 region shows a bidentate or tridentate split, even in apatite from Renfrew, containing only 0.75% CO 2 , suggesting that two (CO 3 ) 2- sites exist, one of which is asymmetrical. The model of McConnell (1960) for carbonate apatites fits these data most closely. -- AATA
Solid State Opening Switches

The generation of pulse power through the use of inductive energy storage devices frequently requires an opening switch that can operate repetitively, tolerates an instantaneous voltage increase, has a low inductance and carry a heavy load. The application of nonlinear, solid state materials to implement these types of opening switches is described in this chapter.
The climb to break the glass ceiling in surgery: trends in women progressing from medical school to surgical training and academic leadership from 1994 to 2015

Abstract Background There have been many efforts to increase the number of women surgeons. We provide an update of women surgeon representation along the pathway to surgical academia. Methods Data was extracted from Association of American Medical Colleges FACTS and Faculty Administrative Management Online User System as well as GME annual reports starting in 1994 until the last year available for each. Results The proportion of graduating women medical students has increased on average .5% per year from 1994 to 2014. Women general surgery trainees have more than doubled in number over the same period but represented 38.3% of all general surgery trainees in 2014. Women Full Professors increased on average .3% from 1994 to 2015 but still make up less than 10% of all Full Professors. Conclusions Despite improvements over the past 20 years, there are still large gender gaps in surgery for trainees and academic leadership. At the current rate of increase, women Full Professors will not achieve gender parity until in 2136.
Mapping the Nav1.7 Channel Interaction with the Conotoxin KIIIA

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels drive the rapid depolarization of excitable tissues throughout the body, making them important drug targets for the treatment of many diseases, including chronic pain. Because the Nav1.7 subtype has been shown to play a crucial role in pain signaling, a key goal in the development of novel treatments for pain is the selective targeting of the Nav1.7 channel. This effort has been hindered by the lack of structural information about mammalian Nav channels. The evolved specificity of ion-channel targeting toxins makes them valuable tools for the study of Nav channel structure as well as potential scaffolds for rational design of novel pharmaceuticals. μ-Conotoxins target the pore domain of Nav channels and exhibit selectivity between Nav channel subtypes. KIIIA is a 16-aa μ-conotoxin that has been shown to be an effective analgesic in a mouse model of pain and has shown a higher affinity for Nav1.7 than all other conotoxins. We used Rosetta methods to develop structural models of KIIIA-Nav1.7 channel interactions to predict residues forming the toxin-channel interface. KIIIA incompletely blocks ionic currents, and in our models incompletely blocks the ion conduction path. Guided by these models, we used whole-cell patch-clamp to measure kinetics of Nav1.7 block by wild-type and select KIIIA variants. Similar to the wild-type KIIIA, inhibition by the R10A, S13A, and R14A variants was irreversible on the time scale of our experiments. Our studies support the importance of toxin residues W8, D11, and H12 in determining affinity (10-400 fold reductions) and residue R10 in determining maximal block. These measurements aid in the refinement of our structural models.
Optimization‐Based Design

This chapter focuses on the power magnetic device design. It begins with a general consideration of the design process. The manual design process involves an engineer in the iteration process. The chapter illustrates an alternate design process, and discusses some properties of objective functions that are relevant to algorithm optimization. The chapter explains single-objective optimization, with particular emphasis on optimization using genetic algorithms. This is followed by a discussion on multiobjective optimization. Practical aspects of formulating design problems as optimization problems are then discussed. The chapter concentrates on posing the design problem as a formal optimization problem; once the problem is so posed, any optimization algorithm can be used. A discussion on genetic algorithms is included in order to provide at least one method that can be used for the optimization process. The chapter also talks about the canonical genetic algorithm.
Inhibition of the Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase Siderophore A (SidA) Blocks Siderophore Biosynthesis and Aspergillus fumigatus Growth

Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and the most common causative agent of fatal invasive mycoses. The flavin-dependent monooxygenase siderophore A (SidA) catalyzes the oxygen and NADPH dependent hydroxylation of l-ornithine (l-Orn) to N5-l-hydroxyornithine in the biosynthetic pathway of hydroxamate-containing siderophores in A. fumigatus. Deletion of the gene that codes for SidA has shown that it is essential in establishing infection in mice models. Here, a fluorescence polarization high-throughput assay was used to screen a 2320 compound library for inhibitors of SidA. Celastrol, a natural quinone methide, was identified as a noncompetitive inhibitor of SidA with a MIC value of 2 μM. Docking experiments suggest that celastrol binds across the NADPH and l-Orn pocket. Celastrol prevents A. fumigatus growth in blood agar. The addition of purified ferric-siderophore abolished the inhibitory effect of celastrol. Thus, celastrol inhibits A. fumigatus growth by blocking siderophore biosy...
Post-Varicella Angiopathy

A 4-year-old male child who presented with right middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction 2 months after varicella is reported from the University of British Columbia, Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders

Tourette syndrome (TS) is characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics that fluctuate over time. The disorder is frequently accompanied by comorbid disorders (86–90%), which can include obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, disruptive behaviors, and mood disorders. While investigations into the underlying pathophysiology of this disorder continue, most hypotheses suggest dysfunction in cortico–basal ganglia–thalamo-cortical circuits. Neuroimaging studies have been variable, but alterations have been detected in cortex, basal ganglia, and related structures. Noninvasive electrophysiological studies suggest an altered cortical adaptive mechanism, whereas electrophysiological studies in patients treated with deep-brain stimulation raise the question of altered thalamic activity. Several neurotransmitters within cortical–striatal circuits have been implicated as contributing etiological factors, including dopamine, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), glutamate, acetylcholine, and others. Nevertheless, despite ongoing investigations, much still remains to be learned about the underlying pathophysiological abnormalities in TS.
Reliability studies of single crystal silicon beams for rigid micro mirrors

The micro mirror supported by torsional beams is fabricated by the SCREAM process. The frame and the supporting beams consist of a single crystal silicon (SCS) core, coated by SiO/sub 2/ and Al. The mirror is twisted or moved out of plane by applying bias between the mirror and the substrate. In order to understand the reliability of the mirror-beam system, we study the failure mechanism of a single crystal silicon bar subjected to torsion and bending. The result implies that the failure strength of SCS increases by about two orders of magnitude as the size is reduced to the /spl mu/m scale-the scale used to support micro mirrors. It thus follows that the beams can sustain very large deformations before failure.
Mother-to-Child Speech at Two Years: Effects of Early Postnatal Contact

Ten primiparous mothers were randomly selected from two groups of women who had spent different amounts of time with their newborn infants. The speech behavior of the mothers in the two groups was ...
Preconceptual design of a fluoride high temperature salt-cooled engineering demonstration reactor: Motivation and overview

Engineering demonstration reactors are nuclear reactors built to establish proof of concept for technology options that have never been built. Examples of engineering demonstration reactors include Peach Bottom 1 for high temperature gas-cooled reactors and the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II for sodium-cooled fast reactors. Engineering demonstrations have historically played a vital role in advancing the technology readiness level of reactor concepts. This paper details a preconceptual design for a fluoride salt-cooled engineering demonstration reactor. The fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) demonstration reactor (DR) is a concept for a salt-cooled reactor with 100 megawatts of thermal output. It would use tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) particle fuel in compacts within prismatic graphite blocks. FLiBe (2 7LiF-BeF2) is the reference primary coolant. The FHR DR is designed to be small, simple, and affordable. Development of the FHR DR is an intermediate step to enable near-term commercial FHRs. The design philosophy of the FHR DR was focused on safety, near-term deployment, and flexibility. Lower risk technologies are purposely included in the initial FHR DR design to ensure that the reactor can be built, licensed, and operated as an engineering demonstration with minimal risk and cost. These technologies include TRISO particle fuel, replaceable core structures, and consistent structural material selection for core structures and the primary and intermediate loops, and tube-and-shell primary-to-intermediate heat exchangers. Important capabilities to be demonstrated by building and operating the FHR DR include: • core design methodologies, • heat exchanger performance (including passive decay heat removal), • pump performance, • reactivity control, • salt chemistry control to maximize plant life, • salt procurement, handling, maintenance and ultimate disposal, and • tritium management. Non-nuclear separate and integral test efforts (e.g., heated salt loops or loops using simulant fluids) are necessary to develop the technologies that will be demonstrated in the FHR DR.
Dodd-Frank and the Regulation of Mortgage Servicing: Lessons from the Financial Crisis

Litigation against the largest subprime mortgage servicer in the US provides lessons about the appropriate regulation of mortgage servicing and adds to research about the causes of the financial crisis. Mortgage servicing is essential to the functioning of the financial system so servicers must be held to a high standard. The litigation revealed egregious practices but was settled quickly for a nominal amount and provided the servicer a very broad release of liability, allowing it to expand without correcting serious problems, and created significant wealth gains for the parent firm. Dodd-Frank appropriately concentrated authority over such servicers in one agency; regulatory authority should not be split between agencies.
From MOOCs to MOOPILs: Pushing the Boundaries of Virtual Professional Development and Learning for Teachers

This article includes a discussion of the growing use of virtual professional development and learning for educators. Next the authors describe virtual professional development and learning within the context of a U.S. federally-funded Investing in Innovation i3 grant, English Language and Literacy Acquisition-Validation ELLA-V, and the need for a new understanding of such on an informal and individual basis. The proposed concept is a Massive Open Online Professional Informal Individual Learning MOOPIL. Lastly, the authors provide an example of a MOOPIL from the ELLA-V grant which is called ELLA-Virsity-a collection of short professional development webinars for teachers and school leaders who work with English language learners.
Classification of sleep states in mice using generic compression algorithms

Sleep is associated with a variety of chronic diseases as well as most psychiatric, addiction and mood disorders. To analyze sleep patterns in rodents, researchers analyze polysomnogram data containing electroencephalographs (EEG) and electromyographs (EMG). However, the analysis is performed manually by a expert human scorer, which is a slow, time consuming, and expensive process that is also subject to known human error and inter-scorer inconsistency [1]. To address this, researchers have developed a variety of techniques to automatically classify rodent sleep states using features extracted from EEG and EMG signals [2]. In many approaches, researchers extract a variety of heuristic features from explicitly chosen spectral bands of the EEG and EMG signals [3]. However, human designed, heuristic features often do not capture complete salient sleep-state information, which leads to inferior classification performance.
A Rawlsian algorithm for autonomous vehicles

Autonomous vehicles must be programmed with procedures for dealing with trolley-style dilemmas where actions result in harm to either pedestrians or passengers. This paper outlines a Rawlsian algorithm as an alternative to the Utilitarian solution. The algorithm will gather the vehicle's estimation of probability of survival for each person in each action, then calculate which action a self-interested person would agree to if he or she were in an original bargaining position of fairness. I will employ Rawls' assumption that the Maximin procedure is what self-interested agents would use from an original position, and then show how the Maximin procedure can be operationalized to produce unique outputs over probabilities of survival.
Coordinating Regulation of Gene Expression in Cardiovascular Disease: Interactions between Chromatin Modifiers and Transcription Factors.

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death with increasing economic burden. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases is complex, but can arise from genetic and/or environmental risk factors. These can lead to dysregulated gene expression in numerous cell types including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells. While initial studies addressed transcriptional control of gene expression, epigenetics has been increasingly appreciated to also play an important role in this process through alterations in chromatin structure and gene accessibility. Chromatin modifying proteins including enzymes that modulate DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation can influence gene expression in numerous ways. These chromatin modifiers and their marks can promote or prevent transcription factor recruitment to regulatory regions of genes through modifications to DNA, histones, or the transcription factors themselves. This review will focus on the emerging question of how epigenetic modifiers and transcription factors interact to coordinately regulate gene expression in cardiovascular disease. While most studies have addressed the roles of either epigenetic or transcriptional control, our understanding of the integration of these processes is only just beginning. Interrogating these interactions is challenging and improved technical approaches will be needed in order to fully dissect the temporal and spatial relationships between transcription factors, chromatin modifiers, and gene expression in cardiovascular disease. We summarize the current state of the field and provide perspectives on limitations and future directions. Through studies of epigenetic and transcriptional interactions, we can advance our understanding of the basic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease pathogenesis in order to develop novel therapeutics.
Integrated mechanism for functional mitral regurgitation: leaflet restriction versus coapting force: in vitro studies.

Background Functional mitral regurgitation in patients with ischemic or dilated ventricles has been related to competing factors: altered tension on the leaflets due to displacement of their papillary muscle and annular attachments, which restricts leaflet closure, versus global ventricular dysfunction with reduced transmitral pressure to close the leaflets. In vivo, however, geometric changes accompany dysfunction, making it difficult to study these factors independently. Functional mitral regurgitation also paradoxically decreases in midsystole, despite peak transmitral driving pressure, suggesting a change in the force balance acting to create a regurgitant orifice, with rising transmitral pressure counteracting forces that restrict leaflet closure. In vivo, this mechanism cannot be tested independently of annular contraction that could also reduce midsystolic regurgitation. Methods and Results An in vitro model was developed that allows independent variation of papillary muscle position, annular size,...
Multi-resource Minority Games: Redefining the Game

The minority game has been studied by the scientific community in Artificial Intelligence and Multi-Agent Systems as a model for resource allocation. This paper contributes to the accumulating scientific literature in minority games by investigating an area lacking in current research: the availability of multiple resources and the effect of parameters in their utilization. Even though there is a research topic called multi-resource minority game, we argue here that they are more like a “multi-option” minority game. Under a multi-resource scenario we investigate two issues: (i) strategy sharing and (ii) the effect of resource capacity to agent attendance, variance, and winning rate. Furthermore, we introduce a new criteria named resource usage that has not been studied in minority game research and captures how well a resource is used. We find that the use of a single strategy is not as effective as using different strategies when attempting to utilize resources simultaneously.
Assessment of single-channel speech enhancement techniques for speaker identification under mismatched conditions

It is well known that MFCC based speaker identification (SID) systems easily break down under mismatched training and test conditions. In this paper, we report on a study that considers four different single-channel speech enhancement front-ends for robust SID under such conditions. Speech files from the YOHO database are corrupted with four types of noise including babble, car, factory, and white Gaussian at five SNR levels (0–20 dB), and processed using four speech enhancement techniques representing distinct classes of algorithms: spectral subtraction, statistical model-based, subspace, and Wiener filtering. Both processed and unprocessed files are submitted to a SID system trained on clean data. In addition, a new set of acoustic feature parameters based on Hilbert envelope of gammatone filterbank outputs are proposed and evaluated for SID task. Experimental results indicate that: (i) depending on the noise type and SNR level, the enhancement front-ends may help or hurt SID performance, (ii) the proposed feature significantly achieves higher SID accuracy compared to MFCCs under mismatched conditions.
Calibration of a plate sensor for determination of total heat transfer into a surface with a spatially varying heat flux

Abstract This study presents an investigation of the calibration of a plate sensor for determination of the total surface heat transfer into a stainless steel plate with a spatially variable heat flux. The total surface heat transfer is determined through use of the calibration integral equation method (CIEM) which is an elegant way of relating “input to output” for a conduction heat transfer process. The calibration data consists of a measured uniform heat transfer input to the surface of the plate along with the measured temperatures from five thermocouples installed at the same specified depth just below the back face of the plate. It is demonstrated that the calibration data set obtained from a uniform heat flux test can be used to predict the total surface heat transfer for a time and spatially varying heat flux input to the plate using the average of the measured thermocouple temperatures. The CIEM was modified by rescaling the time domain to account for the temperature dependent thermal diffusivity and rescaling the surface heat transfer to account for the temperature dependent thermal conductivity. Three calibration tests with uniform surface heat flux inputs and six reconstruction tests with time dependent spatially varying heat flux inputs were conducted. Pairs of calibration and reconstruction test data were used to investigate eighteen test cases. Accurate predictions of the total surface heat transfer into the calibrated plate sensor were obtained regardless of the spatial distribution of the surface heating, the calibration test data or the measurement noise magnitude in the reconstruction temperature.
Computational Analysis of Human DNA Sequences: An Application of Artificial Neural Networks

In this chapter we give an introduction to the area of bioinformatics handling the nucleotide sequence analysis problem. We give a brief introduction to the nature of DNA and RNA and use one of many topics - the Translation Initiation Start (TIS) problem - to explain a computational prediction of motifs on biological sequences. Correct identification of the Translation Initiation Start (TIS) in cDNA sequences is an important issue for genome annotation. Here we describe a computational method for TIS identification based in a combination of statistics and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This method makes use of two modules, one sensitive to the conserved motif and the other sensitive to the coding/noncoding potential around the start codon. Finally by applying a method inspired by molecular biology, the simplified method of the ribosome scanning model improves the prediction significantly.
Place: the seventh vital sign.

A digital record of place history and environmental context can provide a piece of clinically relevant information to help physicians understand what toxins patients may have been exposed to.
First Impressions: A Review of Diversity-related Content on North American LIS Program Websites

This study explores library and information science (LIS) program websites from a recruitment and marketing standpoint and sheds light on the availability of diversity - related content. LIS and higher education literature suggests that the Internet and program websites are crucial when it comes to prospective students’ graduate school selection. Using Berelson’s (1952) quantitative content analysis technique, the researchers examined faculty profiles, diversity statements, diversity-related courses, funding opportunities, achievements, and student organizations on program websites. The data indicates that, collectively, LIS programs are successful in sharing information on funding as well as highlighting faculty scholarship related to diversity. Greater emphasis could be placed on crafting and displaying diversity statements; designing, offering, and listing diversity - related courses beyond survey courses; consistently showcasing diversity-related achievements and events; and encouraging and supporting diversity-related student groups. This research has implications for fostering more strategic diversity-related initiatives.
Sleep Duration and Mortality in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Extremes in sleep duration are associated with higher cardiovascular risk in the general population, but their impact in patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown and potentially of clinical significance. We hypothesized that both short and long sleep duration are associated with higher mortality in CAD. We inquired about sleep durations in 2,846 patients enrolled in the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank (mean age 64 years, 38% female, 23% Black, and 82% with obstructive CAD, defined by positive coronary angiography), who were then followed for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were calculated to examine the association of sleep duration and mortality. Sleep durations of
Centrifugal fabrication of low-cost aspheres for point-of-care optical systems

Many point-of-care optical instruments use mass-produced, molded aspheric lenses to reduce the costs and complexity of portable microscopy and spectroscopy systems. This work explores a method for producing low-cost polymeric aspheres and assesses the lens quality for various material types. Single lens imaging of the US Air Force target was used to analyze the experimental resolution limit of each test case. An atomic force microscope was employed to determine the root-meansquare (RMS) surface roughness per lens. Initial results suggest that the system can generate lenses with equitable optical metrics, independent of material type. Preliminary resolution limits of the aspheres have achieved as low as 4 microns, for lenses spun at 250 rpms. Certain materials were found to be incompatible with the fabrication of plano-convex lenses due to the inability to de-mold after curing. Further improvements of the technique, specifically reduced resolution limits, would increase potential utility for low-cost applications in point-of-care optical systems.
Innovation in L2 Writing Instruction: Toward Nurturing Confident, Motivated, and Academically Honest L2 Writers

This chapter describes an approach to teaching freshman writing at a private university in Lebanon. The approach is an adaptation of Leki’s sequenced writing project where students build expertise and develop as writers by composing different genre-based essays on a single topic of their choice. Many students are not engaged in the readings or are unmotivated to write, and many are not proficient enough to write in their second (or third) language. Such students have often resorted to plagiarism and ghostwriters as a quick fix to the challenges they face in writing courses. To combat this problem, a number of policies were introduced: topics were assigned to students; they had to write in class within a limited time frame; and they were constantly quizzed and tested. A mixed-methods research design that investigated the effectiveness of these policies found that they had negative effects on the development of students. The chapter concludes by offering implications for writing programme administrators.
Deep inelastic scattering on an extremal Reissner-Nordström-AdS black hole. II. Holographic fermi surface

We consider deep inelastic scattering (DIS) on a dense nucleus described as an extremal RN-AdS black hole with holographic quantum fermions in the bulk. We evaluate the 1-loop fermion contribution to the R-current on the charged black hole, and map it on scattering off a Fermi surface of a dense and large nucleus with fixed atomic number. Near the black hole horizon, the geometry is that of AdS$_2\times $R$^3$ where the fermions develop an emergent Fermi surface with anomalous dimensions. DIS scattering off these fermions yields to anomalous partonic distributions mostly at large-x, as well as modified hard scattering rules. The pertinent R-ratio for the black hole is discussed. For comparison, the structure functions and the R-ratio in the probe or dilute limit with no back-reaction on the geometry, are also derived. We formulate a hybrid holographic model for DIS scattering on heavy and light nuclei, which compares favorably to the existing data for Pb, Au, Fe, C and He over a wide range of parton-x.
The hip-spine relationship and its effect on total hip arthroplasty outcomes: What do the databases show?

Abstract The number of patients with degenerative disorders of both the hip and spine is increasing, as is our understanding of hip-spine interactions. Much of the work elucidating the effects of the interplay between the spine and hip joint, specifically as it relates to total hip arthroplasty, has come from database research. Database studies have demonstrated that patients with lumbar spinal pathology undergoing subsequent total hip arthroplasty are at increased risk for adverse outcomes including dislocation, aseptic loosening, fracture, lower patient reported outcome measures, and revision when compared to replacement patients without spinal disease.
Calcium compartmentation and regulation in myocytes.

The cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration of isolated rat myocytes that were resistant to addition of external Ca2+ (Ca2+-tolerant) has been measured by two independent methods, the null point titration technique and by use of Quin 2 as an intracellular Ca2+ probe. Values obtained for quiescent cells were in the range of 170 to 270 nM. Using Quin 2-Ca2+ fluorescence to monitor changes of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in the presence of 0.65 mM external Ca2+, separate additions of the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin, the mitochondrial uncoupling agent 1799 or the respiratory inhibitor KCN each caused an increase of [Ca2+]i of about 3-fold. The Quin 2 loaded myocytes responded to electrical stimulation by a transient increase of [Ca2+]i, which peaked about 75% above the resting level. The rise of [Ca2+]i was complete within 50 ms and declined gradually to the resting level. The β-agonist isoproterenol caused up to a 100% increase in the amplitude of the Quin 2-Ca2+ fluorescence change, with a half maximal effect at 130 µM. The stimulation-induced [Ca2+]i transient was abolished by addition of 100 µM propanolol after 10 µM isoproterenol.
Shade: Literacy Narratives at Black Gay Pride

Despite significant work on literacy as a situated practice (Brandt; Street; Gee), in the African American community (Banks; Richardson; Young) and in the LGBT community (Alexander; Alexander and Rhodes), only recently have scholars looked at literacy at the intersection of Black and LGBT people. A notable example is Eric Pritchard’s discussion of “literacy normativity” and the multilayered ways in which Black queer literacies function(Darnell). In this multimedia article, the social space I focus on is Washington, DC, Black Gay Pride 2013, where I discussed shade and shade narratives with seven men and one transgender woman. A main finding of this research was that participants typically relied on narrative to illustrate how shade was thrown; in fact, narrative is a necessary component of catching shade. These narratives provide situated examples of throwing shade while foregrounding the subjectivities or backstories that give throwing shade traction. In this way, throwing shade as a part of a larger “fierce literacy” talks back to literacy normativity and speaks to Black queer people’s relationships with one another, with language, and with the larger culture.
Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled feasibility study of brief interpersonal psychotherapy for addressing social-emotional needs and preventing excess gestational weight gain in adolescents

Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) in pregnant adolescents is a major public health concern. Excess GWG increases risk of pregnancy complications as well as postpartum and offspring obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Prevention interventions for pregnant adults that target lifestyle modification (i.e., healthy eating/physical activity) show insufficient effectiveness. Pregnant adolescents have distinct social-emotional needs, which may contribute to excess GWG. From an interpersonal theoretical framework, conflict and low social support increase negative emotions, which in turn promote excess GWG through mechanisms such as overeating and physical inactivity. The current manuscript describes the design of a pilot randomized controlled feasibility trial of adolescent interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) to address social-emotional needs and prevent excess GWG. Up to 50 pregnant, healthy adolescents 13-19y, 12-18 weeks gestation are recruited from an interdisciplinary adolescent maternity hospital clinic and randomized to IPT + usual care or usual care alone. IPT involves 6 individual 60-minute sessions delivered by a trained behavioral health clinician during 12-30 weeks gestation. Sessions include relationship psychoeducation, emotion identification and expression, and teaching/role-playing communication skills. Between sessions, adolescents are instructed to complete a daily journal and to have conversations to work on relationship goals. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, mid-program, post-program, and 3-months postpartum. Primary outcomes are feasibility and acceptability based upon rate of recruitment, session attendance, program acceptability ratings, and follow-up retention. Secondary outcomes are perinatal social functioning, stress, depression, and eating behaviors assessed with validated surveys and interviews; perinatal physical activity and sleep measured via accelerometer; GWG from measured weights; and at 3-months postpartum only, maternal adiposity by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, maternal insulin sensitivity derived from 2-hour oral glucose tolerance testing, and infant adiposity by air displacement plethysmography. This pilot trial will address a key gap in extant understanding of excess GWG prevention for a high-risk population of adolescents. If feasible and acceptable, brief psychotherapy to address social-emotional needs should be tested for its effectiveness to address excess GWG and postpartum maternal/infant health. If effective, such an approach has potential to interrupt an adverse, intergenerational cycle of social-emotional distress, obesity, and cardiometabolic disease among young mothers and their offspring. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03086161, retrospectively registered
What Should an Anesthesiologist and Surgeon Do When They Disagree About Terms of Perioperative DNR Suspension

This case examines perioperative suspension of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order during surgery. The commentary considers the appropriateness of DNR orders; types of DNR order suspension in the context of alternative anesthesia techniques; and what is required from a surgeon, anesthesiologist, and patient or surrogate to reach a decision expressing the patient's best interest. It concludes by offering communication recommendations based on joint discussion and decision sharing.
Trapping Fruit Flies: A Guided-Inquiry Lab Approach to Teaching Biology to Nonmajors

Current trends in education include offering students authentic experiences that generate broad interest, develop their cognitive flexibility, and prepare them to be scientifically literate members of society. We present a three-part guided-inquiry lab that gives students practice applying the scientific method to control fruit fly outbreaks and reinforces concepts related to behavioral and sensory biology. This activity was designed and tested at a four-year university but can be modified for high school courses. Students are “employed” by the fictional Fruit Fly Trap Company to design a device to maximize capture of female fruit flies using environmentally friendly lures. During this lab, students collaborate to conduct literature searches, ask research questions, develop hypotheses, design experiments, collect and analyze data, and present findings in a short oral presentation. In our implementation of this module in a biology class for nonmajors in fall 2017, over 50% of students reported that the literature research, scent experiments, trap construction, trap testing, and PowerPoint presentation were extremely effective in teaching science process and biological problem-solving skills. Over 70% of our students rated the practical, hands-on elements of the activity as enjoyable. Overall, students generally enjoyed the lab and reported positive impacts on their learning.
The Sociohistorical Evolution of the Language of Culturally-Based Pedagogy and its Impact on Teacher Education:

The purpose of this literature review was to examine how language is used to describe and advance culturally-based pedagogy to critically reflect on the language employed in teacher education resea...