cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring implied volatility: Is an average better? Which average?

Options researchers have argued that by averaging together implied standard deviations, or ISDs, calculated from several options with the same expiry but different strikes, the noise in individual ISDs can be reduced, yielding a better measure of the market's volatility expectation. Various options researchers have suggested different weighting schemes for calculating these averages. In the forecasting literature, econometricians have made the same argument but suggested quite different weighting schemes. Ignoring both literatures, commercial vendors calculate ISD averages using their own weightings. We compare the averages proposed in both the options and econometrics literatures and the averages used by major commercial vendors for the S&P 500 futures options market. Although some averages forecast better than others, we find that the question of the best weighting scheme is of secondary importance. More important is the fact that the ISDs are upward biased measures of expected volatility. Fortunately, this bias is stable over time, so past bias patterns can be used to obtain unbiased volatility forecasts. Once this is done, most ISD averages forecast better than time series and naive models, and the differences between the averages produced by the various proposed weighting schemes are small. © 2002 Wiley Publications, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:811–837, 2002
Solar influence on satellite motion near the stable earth-moon libration points

The motion pf a space vehicle in the vicinity of the stable earth-moon libration points has been studied using a model which includes the perturbing effects of the gravitational attraction and the radiation pressure of the sun The earth and the moon are assumed to move in circular orbits about their mass center, and the earth-moon orbit plane is assumed to be inclined at an angle of 5°9' to the ecliptic The differential equations of motion in a libration point centered coordinate system were integrated numerically to determine the behavior of the vehicle The results of the investigation indicate that, when the effects of the sun are included, the natural motions of a vehicle placed initially at LI or L$ will not remain near the respective point Although the vehicle does move on a trajectory about the libration point for at least 700 days, the influence of the sun causes the vehicle to move through wide departures from the libration point The effects of the solar-radiation pressure for several satellite area-to-mass ratios are studied and the impulse requirements necessary to force a vehicle to remain at L± or at a point near L± are detei mined
Dapsone-Induced Acute Pancreatitis

ObjectiveTo report a case of acute pancreatitis associated with dapsone use.Case SummaryAn 87-year-old white man was prescribed dapsone for dermatitis herpetiformis. Four weeks later, he developed acute abdominal pain requiring hospitalization. The patient had elevated serum amylase and lipase levels. Laboratory test results for other possible etiologies were negative. His symptoms resolved when dapsone was discontinued. Dapsone was reintroduced for exacerbation of dermatitis herpetiformis 4 months later. The patient again had severe abdominal pain with high amylase and lipase levels. Again, symptoms resolved following dapsone discontinuation.DiscussionOnly 1 other case of pancreatitis associated with dapsone was found in a MEDLINE search of the literature (1966–June 2003) using the key terms dapsone and pancreatitis. An objective causality assessment revealed dapsone to be a probable cause of acute pancreatitis, based on the Naranjo probability scale. Drugs should always be considered as causative factor...
Dynamic control of a SI engine with variable intake valve timing

Engines equipped with a means to actuate air flow at the intake valve can achieve superior fuel economy performance in steady state. This paper shows how modern nonlinear design techniques can be used to control such an engine over a wide range of dynamic conditions. The problem is challenging due to the nonlinearities and delays inherent in the engine model, and the constraint on the air flow actuator. The controller is designed on the basis of a mean-value model, which is derived from a detailed intake stroke model. The control solution has two novel features. Firstly, a recovery scheme for integrator wind-up due to input constraints is directly integrated into the nonlinear control design. The second novel feature is that the control Lyapunov function methodology is applied to a discrete-time model. The performance of the controller is evaluated and compared with a conventionally controlled engine through simulation on the detailed engine model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The geometry of three-dimensional measurement from paired coplanar x-ray images

This article outlines the geometric principles which underlie the process of making craniofacial measurements in three dimensions by combining information from pairs of coplanar x-ray images. The main focus is upon the rationale of the method rather than upon the computational details. We stress particularly the importance of having available accurate measurements as to the relative positions of the x-ray tubes and the film plane. The use of control arrays of radiopaque "points" whose projected images upon the film plane allow the retrospective calculation of the spatial relationship between the x-ray tubes and the film plane is explained. Finally, the question of correcting for movement of the subject between two films of an image pair is considered briefly.
Blood and marrow transplantation for sickle cell disease: Is less more?

Blood and marrow transplantation is a curative therapy for patients with sickle cell disease yet this option is seldom used. Clinical studies have shown however that children transplanted for this condition can achieve excellent results. In children with sickle cell disease transplanted following conditioning with busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and anti-thymocyte globulin, cure rates in excess of 80% can be obtained when an HLA-matched sibling is used as the donor. However, the large majority of patients with sickle cell disease will not have such a donor, or will not be able to tolerate high dose conditioning regimens. Therefore novel approaches such as non-myeloablative regimes, and alternative donors such as haploidentical, unrelated, or cord blood grafts are currently being explored in clinical trials. Recent reports on non-myeloablative conditioning (HLA-matched or haploidentical donors) highlight the safety and efficacy of these approaches with low mortality and high efficacy suggesting that in the near future non-myeloablation could be the preferred type of conditioning and donor availability will not be a barrier anymore to proceed to transplant. This review will focus on the results obtained when bone marrow transplants are used to treat sickle cell disease and will discuss the results obtained with these novel approaches.
Application based reliability assessment and qualification methodology for medical ICs

Reliability assessment and qualification system has strong economic implications for both manufacturers and customers. The best system should have a good balance among cost of verification, market timing requirement, and acceptable risk that meets the targeted user's application conditions and requirements. With the increasing use of innovative electronics in the medical applications, it becomes difficult to have a single reliability assessment and qualification approach to serve all applications. In this paper, we review the existing reliability assessment and qualification framework, and discuss their applicability in medical ICs. We will discuss the tradeoff and challenges in defining reliable medical IC products based on the application demands using a couple of medical IC examples.
Virgins' Expectations and Nonvirgins' Reports How Adolescents Feel about Themselves

This study examined anticipated attitudes of virgins and actual attitudes of nonvirgins regarding how they would feel or felt about themselves, respectively, after losing their virginity. Data were...
Differences in Lymphocyte-Regulatory Activity Among Variants of Ovine IFN-τ

Interferon-τ (IFN-τ) is secreted from trophectoderm of the ruminant preimplantation conceptus and functions during pregnancy to prevent luteolysis. In addition, IFN-τ can inhibit proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and other cells. Several distinct ovine IFN-τ (OvIFN-τ) gene variants exist; three of these (IFN-τ4, IFN-τ6d, IFN-τ11) differ in their ability to prevent luetolysis (IFN-τ4 > IFN-τ6d > IFN-τ11), inhibit growth of Daudi cells (IFN-τ4 > IFN-τ6d > IFN-τ11), and induce an antiviral state (IFN-τ4 > IFN-τ6d = IFN-τ11). The present objective was to compare variants for differences in ability to inhibit proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBL. At equal concentrations, IFN-τ4 was more inhibitory than IFN-τ6d, IFN-τ11, or an IFN-ω control. Similar differences in potency were seen when IFN-τ variants were tested at equal antiviral concentrations. Thus, the sheep trophectoderm secretes variants of IFN-τ that differ in ability to regulate lymphocyte function. The nature of the eff...
A note on the analysis of familial data

Because families have varying numbers of offspring, the maximum likelihood estimators of the interclass, or parent-offspring, and intraclass, or offspring-offspring, correlations are difficult to compute (Srivastava, 1984). For this reason, alternative estimators have been proposed, which are not necessarily asymptotically efficient. However, maximum likelihood estimators of the inter-and intraclass correlations in families of constant size can be obtained in closed form
Design and impact of a classroom intervention to support teaming metacognition

Exercises to bolster student metacognition relating to teaming performance and thereby teaming performance itself were designed and deployed alongside an existing teaming performance instrument and a survey investigating the frequency of teaming-centric metacognitive events. The results suggest that the exercises were successful in raising students' metacognitive awareness of aspects of their teaming performance but did not achieve a corresponding rise in teaming performance itself. Additional learning tasks helping students translate metacognitive awareness into higher performance may be required. Overall teaming performance rose by a small amount in both the experimental and control cohorts and did not appear to be influenced by the metacognitive development exercises.
Sea-dumped chemical weapons: environmental risk, occupational hazard

Introduction: Chemical weapons dumped into the ocean for disposal in the twentieth century pose a continuing environmental and human health risk. Objective: In this review we discuss locations, qua...
Did Deflation Ruin the Farmer and Would Inflation Save Him

The recent marked improvement in the agricultural situation has led many persons to assume that the pressing problems of the individual farmer, as well as questions of national agricultural policy, have by some miraculous process solved themselves and that discussions of the ills of the farmer and remedies therefor are now mere objects of historical interest or academic speculation. Many of us, however, who are concerned with the permanent well-being of agriculture, while we grant that some progress has been made during these sadder and wiser days since 1920, look upon the present relatively good fortune of the farming class as having been achieved to a considerable degree at the expense of Europeans, Argentines, and other foreign competitors in the world markets who have been the victims of unfavorable crop conditions. Furthermore, this increased well-being among American farmers is by no means universal, as a survey of certain corn, dairy and livestock producing sections will readily show. The first half of my topic, viz., "Did deflation ruin the farmer ?" lends itself to widely varying interpretations. That farm products underwent a radical price deflation and that agriculturists as a class suffered more severely than any other group seems scarcely open to argument. Consequently, I would be presuming upon your patience if I addressed myself to the details of that deflation. A strictly literal interpretation of this first query in the title might just as logically confine one also to the question as to whether the farming class could truly be said to have been ruined by the deflation. But here again the facts are too patent to warrant serious difference of opinion, for it is universally conceded that a quite appalling number of individual farmers, especially in the newer sections of the country, were completely ruined as a result of the price debacle. With your permission, then, I am going to adopt a rather free interpretation of this part of my title and shall assume that it reads: "Did the individuals
Sexual identity and HIV status influence the relationship between internalized stigma and psychological distress in black gay and bisexual men

Experiences of internalized homophobia and HIV stigma in young Black gay and bisexual men (GBM) may lead to psychological distress, but levels of distress may be dependent upon their sexual identity or HIV status. In this study, we set out to explore the associations between psychological distress, sexual identity, and HIV status in young Black GBM. Participants were 228 young Black GBM who reported on their psychological distress, their HIV status, and their sexual identity. Results indicated that internalized homophobia was significantly related to psychological distress for gay men, but not for bisexual men. HIV stigma was related to psychological stress for HIV-positive men, but not for HIV-negative men. Results indicate a need for more nuanced examinations of the role of identity in the health and well-being of men who have sex with men.
Akute Rindentaubheit und Tinnitusverlust bei sequentiellem bilateralem A. cerebri media-Teilinfarkt

Ein 67-jahriger Patient, der vor Jahren einen Mediateilinfarkt rechts mit residueller spastischer linksseitiger Hemiparese erlitten hatte, stellte sich notfallmasig mit einer akuten kompletten beidseitigen Ertaubung vor. Gleichzeitig hatte er ein Verschwinden des seit Jahren bestehenden beidseitigen hochfrequenten tonalen Tinnitus (CTT) bemerkt. Ein MRT und FDG-PET des Gehirns zeigten neben einem alten fronto-temporo-parietalen rechtshirnigen Mediainfarkt eine frische Ischamie im hinteren Bereich der linken Inselregion sowie im oberen Temporallappen. Wahrend der Kernspintomografie 3 Tage nach Infarktbeginn bemerkte der Patient erstmals wieder eine Horwahrnehmung, wenig spater das Neuauftreten eines beidseitigen Tinnitus, der dem durch das MRT-Gerat erzeugten Gerausch entsprach und sich qualitativ deutlich von dem vorbestehenden Tinnitus unterschied. Im Verlauf einiger Tage kam es zu einer zunehmenden Besserung der Horfahigkeit, sodass der Patient mehrere Wochen nach dem Ereignis wieder ein ausreichendes Horvermogen im normalen Sprachfeld erreichte bei fortbestehendem Tinnitus ohne zwischenzeitliche Frequenzanderung. Das Verschwinden und Wiederauftreten des CTT im Verlauf des erneuten Mediateilinfarktes mit Affektion der zentralen Horbahn weisen wie aktuelle Befunde der funktionellen Bildgebung und elektrophysiologischer Untersuchungen auf die Bedeutung der zentralen Horbahn beim CTT hin.
Imaging of small renal masses: a medical success story.

945 enal cell carcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the kidney. This tumor accounts for 2% of all cancer diagnoses in humans [1]. More than 30,000 new cases of kidney cancer are discovered and 12,000 deaths are caused by this disease in the United States each year [2]. Despite a great deal of research and many innovations in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, the disease remains essentially resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy [3]. Modifiers of host biologic response, including agents such as interferon and interleukin, have been researched extensively for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma [3]. However, therapeutic techniques have led to little improvement in the prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma; only 5–10% of these patients will be alive 5 years after diagnosis [1]. In addition, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma has risen steadily, increasing by 38% between 1974 and 1990 [3]. However, even though little progress has been made in the therapy for renal cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rate for patients with renal cell carcinoma has improved significantly from 37% for patients whose disease was diagnosed in the early 1960s, to 52% for diagnoses between 1974 and 1976 [3, 4], to 58% for diagnoses between 1983 and 1989 [3]. Both of these trends—the increased incidence and the improved survival rate—appear to be due to improvements in the radiologic diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma [3] that allow the diagnosis to be made at an earlier stage of the disease. Low-stage renal cell carcinoma can be successfully treated with surgery, and the prognosis for patients with low-stage disease at diagnosis is considerably more favorable than for those with a more advanced stage at diagnosis [3]. Lead time and length biases may play some role in the apparent survival benefits [5], but the data strongly suggest that improved outcomes are due to earlier diagnosis. Many renal tumors are diagnosed incidentally. Approximately 25–40% of renal cell carcinomas are diagnosed after the incidental detection of a renal mass [6–8]. Before the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging techniques, including sonography, CT, and MR imaging, only 10% were incidentally detected [9, 10]. The increase in incidental detection of renal masses is not surprising given the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging. In a study that analyzed autopsies performed between 1958 and 1969, two thirds of cases of renal cell carcinoma occurred in patients for whom the diagnosis was not clinically suspected [11]. Several studies have confirmed that the number of renal cell carcinoma cases detected during imaging studies performed for nonurologic reasons is increasing [6–8]. Patients with incidentally discovered renal cell carcinoma have a more favorable prognosis than patients who present with urologic symptoms attributable to renal cell carcinoma [8, 10, 12]. The difference R Imaging of Small Renal Masses: A Medical Success Story Ronald J. Zagoria 1 Centennial Dissertation Honoring David R. Bowen, MD and James T. Case, MD
‘Determinism’ Is Just Fine: A Reply to Scott Sehon

Scott Sehon recently argued that the standard notion of determinism employed in the Consequence Argument makes it so that, if our world turns out to be deterministic, then an interventionist God is logically impossible. He further argues that because of this, we should revise our notion of determinism. In this paper I show that Sehon’s argument for the claim that the truth of determinism, in this sense, would make an interventionist God logically impossible ultimately fails. I then offer and respond to a weaker version of the argument for the claim that we should revise our notion of determinism.
Microstructure of single chain quaternary ammonium cations intercalated into montmorillonite: a molecular dynamics study.

This study uses molecular dynamics (MD) modeling to examine the interlayer microstructures of montmorillonite intercalated with single chain QACs. Three types of QACs—tetramethylammonium (TMA), decyltrimethylammonium (DTMA), and hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)—were selected to synthesize the organoclay complex, and the surfactant arrangement was analyzed quantitatively in systems in the absence of water. A series of arrangement patterns of interlayer QAC surfactant were observed, including lateral monolayers, lateral bilayers, pseudotrilayers, and paraffin monolayers, in agreement with previous experimental results. The effects of increasing one carbon chain length and amount of loading of QAC on the resultant QAC arrangement are summarized, yielding a model that provides insight into the prediction of synthesized QAC–clay microstructure and engineering behavior in practice.
A Comparison of Sequential and Spatial Displays in a Complex Monitoring Task

A sequential or RAP COM display was compared to a more conventional spatial display as subjects monitored dynamically changing sets of numbers and responded to occasional target stimuli. In an effort to equate the stimulus-response compatibility of the two displays subjects responded to the targets with a chord keyboard. We examined the influence of display duration on the performance with the RAP COM and spatial formats by presenting the stimuli at three different durations, 400, 800 and 1200 msec. The influence of practice on performance with the RAP COM and spatial displays was also investigated. Targets were responded to more quickly in the RAP COM than in the spatial displays at each of the three presentation durations and across over 2000 trials of practice. Accuracy was influenced by the display presentation duration. Accuracy was higher for the RAP COM than the spatial display at the 800 msec stimulus presentation duration. Accuracy was statistically equivalent for the RAP COM and spatial displays...
Design of In-Vivo Communications that Allow Multiple Active Implants

Stimulation and Recording of peripheral neurons allowing haptic sensation of prosthetics is only one of many applications targeted by DARPA [7]. One challenge is the use of multiple electrode arrays in multiple fascicles of multiple nerves, making up to hundreds of electrode sites. In this paper, an in-vivo optimized serial communications approach is implemented which allows minimal wiring starting from a central hub to multiple smart tiny active modules with "city" addresses, each containing smart mixed signal custom ASICs with "city street" addresses and electrode sites with "house" addresses.
Metastatic Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis: Clinical Presentation and Management

Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of the testis are rare sex cord-stromal tumors that are present in both juvenile and adult subtypes. While most adult GCTs are benign, those that present with distant metastases manifest a grave prognosis. Treatments for aggressive GCTs are not well established. Options that have been employed in previous cases include retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND), radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination thereof. We describe the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with a painless left testicular mass and painful gynecomastia. Serum tumor markers (alpha fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase) and computed tomography of the chest and abdomen were negative. The patient underwent left radical orchiectomy. Immunohistochemical staining was consistent with a testicular GCT. He underwent a left-template laparoscopic RPLND which revealed 2/19 positive lymph nodes. Final pathological stage was IIA. He remains free of disease 32 months after surgery.
Effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device on the immune microenvironment of the human cervix and endometrium.

Problem There is little information regarding the impact of the intrauterine device on immune parameters of the upper female reproductive tract related to risk of HIV acquisition. Method of Study We collected cervical and endometrial samples from women using the hormonal intrauterine device to study its effects on endocervical cytokines/chemokine concentrations, phenotypic markers of T cells, responses of endometrial T cells to activation, and alterations of endometrial cellular infiltrates. Results Hormonal intrauterine device use was associated with: increased concentrations of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (endocervix); increased coexpression of CXCR4 and CCR5 (endocervix and endometrium); increased coexpression of CD38 and HLADR (endocervix and endometrium); increased intracellular IL-10 production after T-cell stimulation (endometrium); and increased density of T cells, most notably regulatory T cells (endometrium). Conclusion Hormonal intrauterine device use resulted in both inflammatory and immunosuppressive alterations. Further research is needed to determine the significance of these changes for HIV risk.
Primary Natality: The Supreme Capacity

The preliminary experience of natality prior to its enactment as a political reality, is fundamentally a potentiality for beginning. Its factual manifestation is, of course, the birth of the child, but this fact of birth is accompanied by an innate power to begin. The event of human birth is that fact through which the capacity for beginning is introduced into the world. As such, human birth and human beginnings are commensurate experiences which qualify a specifically human life. Together factual birth and the concomitant capacity to make beginnings is designated by the term primary natality; its experience characterises the pre-political status of human birth and human beginnings. Primary natality, then, before it assumes political content, is, for Hannah Arendt, the human being’s highest capacity because it is that experience by which action can be exercised at all. ‘Beginning … is the supreme capacity of man …’1
All-printed magnetically self-healing electrochemical devices

The present work demonstrates the synthesis and application of permanent magnetic Nd2Fe14B microparticle (NMP)–loaded graphitic inks for realizing rapidly self-healing inexpensive printed electrochemical devices. The incorporation of NMPs into the printable ink imparts impressive self-healing ability to the printed conducting trace, with rapid (~50 ms) recovery of repeated large (3 mm) damages at the same or different locations without any user intervention or external trigger. The permanent and surrounding-insensitive magnetic properties of the NMPs thus result in long-lasting ability to repair extreme levels of damage, independent of ambient conditions. This remarkable self-healing capability has not been reported for existing man-made self-healing systems and offers distinct advantages over common capsule and intrinsically self-healing systems. The printed system has been characterized by leveraging crystallographic, magnetic hysteresis, microscopic imaging, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical techniques. The real-life applicability of the new self-healing concept is demonstrated for the autonomous repair of all-printed batteries, electrochemical sensors, and wearable textile-based electrical circuits, indicating considerable promise for widespread practical applications and long-lasting printed electronic devices.
The Pleistocene—Holocene Transition along the Pacific Coast of North America

From the cool coastal rain forests of southeast Alaska to the parched desert shorelines of Baja California, the Pacific Coast of North America stretches for 6000 km, spans 35 degrees of latitude, and contains a remarkably diverse array of resources and environments. Encompassing the Northwest Coast and California culture areas, this region is critical for understanding the relationships between cultural and environmental changes of the PleistoceneHolocene transition. During this period, a complex web of environmental changes facilitated the dispersal of Northeast Asian peoples into Beringia and the New World. The Pacific Coast of North America is a pivotal region for tracking the movements and developmental trajectories of these early pioneers and their descendants. Knowledge of the Pacific Coast archaeological record remains uneven, but data acquired during the past 15 years allow us to identify some broad regional trends in the cultural developments of this critical time period (see also Moss and Erlandson 1995).
Importance of "weak-base" poplar wastes to process performance and methane yield in solid-state anaerobic digestion.

Failure of methane yield is common for anaerobic digestion (AD) of “weak-acid/acid” wastes alone. In order to verify the importance of pH of materials on the process performance and the methane yield, the “weak-base” wastes-poplar wastes (PW) were used as substrate of solid-state AD (SS-AD). The results show that PW could be used for efficient methane yield after NaOH treatment, the total methane yield was 81.1 L/kg volatile solids (VS). PW also could be used for anaerobic co-digestion with high-pH cattle slurry (CM). For the group with NaOH pretreatment, time used for reaching stable state was 2 days earlier than that of the group without NaOH pretreatment. The maximal methane yield of 98.2 L/kg VS was obtained on conditions of 1:1 of PW-to-CM (P/C) ratio and NaOH pretreatment, which was 21.1% (p < 0.05) higher than that of PW. The maximal reductions of total solids (TS), VS, cellulose and hemicellulose were 51.3%, 57.5%, 46.0% and 47.0%, respectively, which were associated with the maximal methane yield. The results indicate that PW could be alone used for efficient SS-AD for methane yield after NaOH treatment.
The language of self, power, meaning: Japanese literature and the cultural boundaries of ideology

To understand the idioms used in representing literary selfhood as enactments and rhetorical assertions is to observe their contextual construction within shifting fields of power and meaning inseparable from the specific and discernible situations, culturally specific conventions affecting their narration, in short, the specificity of historical moment. In the Japanese context, identity is clearly not the unified essence implied by the Cartesian premise, but it can be the presentation or performance of a spatiotemporal locatedness of contradiction and disunity, a nexus wherein multiple discourses temporarily coincide in remarkable and discernible ways we apprehend in the abstracted self. But it is not enough that we as readers celebrate in the particularity of these performance as expressions of what is often dismissed as "local knowledge." Rather, we must question what social institutions--be they alien or indigenous--these performances address. What conventions did they oppose? What apparatus of power does the dialectic of the gaze set itself in opposition? For only by questioning the strategies that erected the facade of boundedness in general and one in particular that created the illusions of insulating the self from the play of power relations in specific works of fictional self-representation can we hope to force a larger reconsideration of selves and their pathways to emergence. In many ways, my task as a member of a particular reading audience has been and will always be to visualize the overall impact of cultural forces on patterns of fictional self-representation and to accept that identity is negotiated, open, shifting, ambiguous, the result of culturally available meanings and the open-ended, power-laden enactments of these meanings in everyday situations.
The Impending Twenty-First Century: Education to Save America or for Market Domination?

Presidential agendas in the 1980s and 1990s focused upon economic status and how higher education could support national identity. Legislation regarding research and development, technology transfer, and intellectual property were at the center of higher education initiatives. These policies impacted the institution’s purpose, challenging the historical purpose of producing knowledge for public benefit, morphing into a purpose of exchange for profit. To maintain economic superiority, citizens needed to be educated at a higher level and the US fell behind its competitors in educational attainment. The nation could not maintain its powerful economic position without an educated citizenry. Thus, there was renewed attention through presidential commissions, research, and policy initiatives to support higher education in its continued position of supporter of American national and economic superiority.
Abstract 660: Prevalence of Hypertension Among Children with Diabetes Mellitus.

This study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension among children with diabetes mellitus, and describe adherence to the standard of practice regarding early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in this population. Diabetes renders higher susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in affected patients and thus early detection of hypertension can be beneficial for future quality of life. We hypothesize that a number of diabetic children with hypertension are not promptly diagnosed and treated due to the difficult process preceding diagnosis. This cross-sectional study in an out-patient clinic of a university hospital was based on a group of 263 children (both females and males, age range between 3-18) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. At the visit, the child9s weight and height were recorded, BMI was calculated, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) was taken, and blood sample drawn for hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) readings. Within the study population we have identified a group of 73 children with hypertension. Comparing the two groups: the normotensive with the hypertensive, we have observed that the normotensive patients have significantly lower average BMI (26.7), p=0.000012 and slightly reduced HbA1C (8.9%), p=0.28 levels compared to the hypertensive group: BMI (32.5) and HbA1C (9.3%), respectively. We investigated the same parameters within every age group starting from age 10, and recorded that HbA1C was only significantly different for the group of 14 year-olds (8.7%; 11.7%, p=0.039). We also found that a significantly higher BMI is linked with hypertension for groups: age 13: BMI (29.2; 33.9, p=0.047), age 14: BMI (24.1; 35.6, p=0.00007) and age 18: BMI (31.8; 45.6, p=0.045). Within the different age groups there were differences between normotensive and hypertensive patients in BMI and HbA1C measurements, but they were not statistically significant and we assume that an increased sample size would be needed to confirm the data. We are currently working on identifying other risk factors including sex, race, height, urine creatinine, urine microalbumin, serum creatinine, lipid profile and thyroid function, that might be responsible for hypertension in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes.
Cutaneous metastases of infantile choriocarcinoma can mimic infantile hemangioma both clinically and radiographically

Infantile metastatic choriocarcinoma is a rare tumor of placental origin that can be observed with or without maternal metastases. A single cutaneous mass may be the only clinically observed sign. Reports of imaging findings are scarce given the extreme rarity of the tumor, and the disease can be rapidly fatal in the absence of prompt diagnosis. In order to promote timely consideration for this malignancy as a differential consideration in the approach to skin lesions in infancy, we present the findings of this neoplasm in an infant. While imaging and clinical characteristics similar to infantile hemangioma were demonstrated at presentation, biopsy and further radiologic investigation revealed multifocal metastatic choriocarcinoma. This case also highlights important differences between these entities, as the T2 hyperintensity and contrast enhancement observed with this choriocarcinoma were predominantly peripheral in location.
Voltage‐Gated Closed‐Loop Control of Small‐Molecule Release from Alumina‐Coated Nanoporous Gold Thin Film Electrodes

Author(s): Li, Z; Polat, O; Seker, E | Abstract: Precise timing and dosing of potent small-molecule drugs carries significant potential for effective pharmaceutical management of disorders that exhibit time-varying therapeutic windows such as epilepsy. This study demonstrates the use of alumina-coated nanoporous gold (np-Au) thin film electrodes for iontophoretic release of fluorescein as a small-molecule drug surrogate with picogram dosing and a few seconds temporal resolution. A custom microfluidic platform is engineered to trigger molecular release from an integrated np-Au chip and monitor the resulting time-varying fluorescein concentration. Following a systematic study of the influence of applied voltage on loading capacity and release kinetics, a LabVIEW-based closed-loop control interface is employed to demonstrate voltage-gated fluorescein release with preprogrammed arbitrary concentrations waveforms.
Biology and Dynamics of Pathogens

Pathogens of arthropods include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes. Many phyla, families, and species are involved and collectively display an enormous diversity in their biologies. These have been summarized recently by Tanada and Kaya (1993), from whom much of the information presented here has been drawn. Concepts presented here on epizootiology of disease in arthropod populations have been drawn from Fuxa and Tanada (1987).
Resins and Polymers at the Molecular Level

In this chapter we shall consider the structure, morphology, composition, condition, properties, and behavior of the molecules which make up resins, polymers, and elastomers. We shall concentrate on the intrinsic attributes of the pure chemical compounds, whether they be man-made or isolated from natural products by purification procedures. Such attributes are for scientific, rather than practical, purposes; they satisfy natural curiosity and lead to a basic understanding of the material. The information is also to be used in conjunction with technological and practical information gathered on Levels II, III, and IV.
A Recommended Training Schema for Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is a relatively new addition to the armamentarium of the general of subspecialist surgeon. Traditional training via residency programs is providing teaching to current residents, but those physicians who have completed their training require outside courses to obtain expertise. This article provides an outline of a recommended sequence for training, privileging, and credentialing in any laparoscopic procedure.
Aphorisms in Multi-Camera Television Production Education

Many University media production programs provide a variety of cinema-based production classes. Teaching live, special-event, multi-genre, multi-camera television production is very different. This paper presents a variety of insights, orientations and sensitivities for providing inspiring and practical multi-camera instruction.
Vertex Corrections to the Polarizability Do Not Improve the GW Approximation for the Ionization Potential of Molecules.

The GW approximation is based on the neglect of vertex corrections, which appear in the exact self-energy and the exact polarizability. Here, we investigate the importance of vertex corrections in the polarizability only. We calculate the polarizability with equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (EOM-CCSD), which rigorously includes a large class of diagrammatically defined vertex corrections beyond the random phase approximation (RPA). As is well-known, the frequency-dependent polarizability predicted by EOM-CCSD is quite different and generally more accurate than that predicted by the RPA. We evaluate the effect of these vertex corrections on a test set of 20 atoms and molecules. When using a Hartree–Fock reference, ionization potentials predicted by the GW approximation with the RPA polarizability are typically overestimated with a mean absolute error of 0.3 eV. However, those predicted with a vertex-corrected polarizability are typically underestimated with an in...
Stability and pharmacokinetics of separase inhibitor-Sepin-1 in Sprague-Dawley rats

Abstract Separase, a sister chromatid cohesion-resolving enzyme, is an oncogene and overexpressed in many human cancers. Sepin-1 (2,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-2H-benzimidazole-1,3-dioxide) is a potent separase inhibitor that impedes cancer cell growth, cell migration, and wound healing, suggesting that Sepin-1 possesses a great potential to target separase-overexpressing tumors. As a part of the IND-enabling studies to bring Sepin-1 to clinic, herein we report the results from a 28-day repeat-dose pharmacokinetic study of Sepin-1 in rats. Sepin-1 was intravenously administered to Sprague-Dawley rats once daily for 28 days at three different (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) doses. Blood samples were collected after administration of doses on days 1 and 28. Sepin-1 is unstable and isomerizes in basic solutions, but it is stable in acidic buffer such as citrate-buffered saline (pH 4.0). UHPLC-MS analysis indicated Sepin-1 was rapidly metabolized in vivo. One of the major metabolites was an amine adduct of 2,2-dimethyl-5-nitro-2H-benzimidazole (named Sepin-1.55). The concentration of Sepin-1.55 in blood samples was Sepin-1 dose-dependent and used for pharmacokinetic analysis of Sepin-1. Tmax was approximately 5–15 min. The data suggest that no Sepin-1 accumulation occurred from daily repeat dosing and similar exposures on the first and final day of dosing. Data also suggest a gender difference, namely that female rats have more exposure and slower clearance than male rats. The data support that Sepin-1 is a potential drug candidate that can be further developed to treat Separase-overexpressing human tumors.
Quantum Computing @ MIT: The Past, Present, and Future of the Second Revolution in Computing

This article provides an overview of the history, theoretical basis, and different implementations of quantum computers. In Fall 2018, four MIT faculty -- Isaac Chuang, Dirk Englund, Aram Harrow, and William Oliver -- at the forefront of quantum computation and information research were interviewed. They provided personal perspectives on the development of the field, as well as insight to its near-term trajectory. There has been a lot of recent media hype surrounding quantum computation, so in this article we present an academic view of the matter, specifically highlighting progress being made at MIT.
Psychiatry Match Rates Increase After Exposure to a Medical Student Mentorship Program: A Multisite Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Since 2002, the Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation (KTGF) has supported a network of medical student mentorship programs (MSMPs) across the USA with the explicit aim of enhancing interest in, and eventual recruitment into the field of child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). The authors conducted a multisite, retrospective cohort analysis to examine the impact of the program on career selection, as reflected by graduation match rates into psychiatry or pediatrics. The authors collected graduating match information (2008–2019) from fourteen participating medical schools (Exposed) and thirteen non-participating schools (Control). Control schools were selected based on region, comparable student body and faculty size, national standing, and rank in NIH funding. Match rates into psychiatry and pediatrics were compared between Exposed and Control groups. Exposed schools had significantly higher match rates into psychiatry as compared to unexposed schools (6.1% and 4.8%, respectively; OR [95%CI] = 1.29 [1.18, 1.40]; X2 = 32.036, p < 0.001). In contrast, during the same time period, exposed schools had significantly lower match rates into pediatrics than unexposed ones (11.6 and 10.5%, respectively; OR [95%CI] = 0.89 (0.83, 0.95); X2 = 12.127, p < 0.001). These findings persisted even after adjustment for secular trends in match rates. Seventeen years after its inception, the KTGF medical student mentorship program network has had a positive impact on match rates into general psychiatry. Future studies will address whether these results translate to trainees’ eventual selection of careers in CAP.
Control of hidden ground-state order in NdNi O 3 superlattices

The fascinating behavior of transition metal oxides can change dramatically when they are scaled down to atomic-size dimensions; however, understanding the emergent properties is a major challenge. In this paper, the authors observe the evolution of multiple phase transitions as the thickness is reduced from bulk to the atomic layer limit in NdNiO${}_{3}$ superlattices. Their measurements demonstrate a separation of the insulating phase from magnetic and charge-ordered phases, which coexist in the bulk, and the emergence of a hidden, unordered insulating phase for a single atomic layer. Modeling shows that the phase manipulation uniquely takes advantage of the effects of 2D confinement and symmetry-breaking at the interface.
The Discovery of Hepatitis C — The 2020 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Discovery of Hepatitis C The discovery of HCV was a major milestone in 20th-century medicine, and the 2020 Nobel awardees represent three critical periods of research on this important virus. T...
Bacterial Cellulose Product Development: Comparing Leather and Leather Alternatives

Leather making has been practiced for millennia. Worldwide demand for leather often outstrips supply. Additionally, the processing of animal leather creates waste due to the use of liming chemicals in the de-hairing and unwanted subcutaneous layers removal procedure. Vegan leather made of bacterial cellulose (BC) requires little land, water and chemicals to process. The product development process guiding this project was adapted from May-Plumlee & Little, 1999 and Davis & Sanders, 2014. Global consumer base who identify as vegan has grown 61% from 2014 to 2017. White color removed the possibility of color bias influencing judgment of the materials. Using flat pattern techniques, ottoman covers were modified in order to accommodate the BC. Preliminary pricing estimates put the BC ottoman at approximately twice that of traditional leather and eight times that of imitation leather. No sewing issues were noted with either the imitation leather or bacterial cellulose vegan leather.
Dr. Shelby D. Hunt: A world-renowned marketing scholar, marketing legend, thought leader, mentor and more

Dr. Shelby D. Hunt is a world-renowned marketing scholar and thought leader. Over the course of his first five decades of distinguished and illustrious academic journey, he has made numerous semina...
El uso de las estrategias cognoscitivas en el desarrollo de la comprensión de la lectura de textos escritos en una lengua extranjera

En este estudio de corte cualitativo, se describio y analizo el papel que juegan el reconocimiento, el uso y la apropiacion de las estrategias cognoscitivas de lectura y de las claves linguisticas en el desarrollo de la comprension lectora de textos escritos en una lengua extranjera (LE) en un curso de ingles con fines academicos. Se utilizaron algunas herramientas etnograficas para la recoleccion de los datos y, luego del analisis, emergieron tres categorias diferentes: 1) la importancia de activar el conocimiento previo en la lengua materna (L1) antes de leer el texto escrito en la LE, 2) la identificacion de las claves sintacticas y semanticas en el texto escrito en la LE como coadyuvante en la comprension de la lectura y 3) el uso consciente de las estrategias cognoscitivas de lectura en la LE para el desarrollo de la comprension lectora. Los hallazgos sugieren que los docentes deberian ayudar a sus estudiantes a activar el conocimiento previo que ellos traen, sobre todo en contextos donde se ensena el ingles con fines academicos. Ademas, los docentes tambien deberian orientar a sus estudiantes en la identificacion de las claves sintacticas y semanticas del texto escrito en la LE.