cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (acute "malignant" myelofibrosis): an unusual cause of osteosclerosis.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia or acute “malignant” myelosclerosis is an acute and rapidly progressive myeloproliferative syndrome characterized by minimal or absent splenomegaly, pancytopenia, diffuse marrow fibrosis, and circulating blasts of megakaryocytic origin. The disease must be differentiated from other hematologic malignancies especially myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. The radiographic changes of osteosclerosis in our patient have not been previously reported in the literature.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Surface Plasmons

The Raman spectra of 4-pyridine-carboxaldehyde-doped Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Ag tunnel junctions evaporated onto Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ films and optical diffraction gratings show that the molecular Raman scattering is strongly enhanced under conditions which permit the direct excitation of the surface plasmon modes of Ag. This suggests that the surface plasmon is an intermediate state in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
The new paradigm: concepts and application in community health nursing

The central role of community health nursing in future health care delivery systems is undisputed. The abilities and characteristics of nurses who will practice in those systems depends to a large extent on their learning experiences in basic nursing programs. Educators are being asked to prepare skilled, compassionate scholar-clinicians to provide care for the complex needs of clients, despite already packed curricula. The curricular changes cannot be additive; learning must be designed to empower students to become nurses who are both skilled and compassionate. Certain faculty attitudes and behaviors are essential to this new educational paradigm and student activities and assignments must foster confident effective practice.
Treatment of recurrent platinum resistant ovarian or peritoneal cancer with gemcitabine and doxorubicin: A phase I/II trial of the Puget Sound Oncology Consortium (PSOC 1602)

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the degree of toxicity, response rate, and evaluate quality of life (QOL) in women receiving gemcitabine in combination with doxorubicin for platinum-resistant and refractory ovarian or peritoneal cancer. Study Design: This was a phase I/II prospective trial. Materials And Methods: Nine patients were enrolled in the phase I portion. Initial doses of gemcitabine, 800 mg/m 2 intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15, and doxorubicin, 25 mg/m 2 intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 in a 28-day cycle resulted in dose limiting toxicity secondary to thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Forty patients were treated on the phase II portion with gemcitabine, 700 mg/m 2 intravenously on days 1 and 8, and doxorubicin 20 mg/m 2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administered on days 2 to 7 and 9 to 14 in a 21-day cycle. QOL was assessed with Fact-O. Results: The median number of previous chemotherapy regimens for the 49 women was 2 (range 1-5). There were 2 complete and 9 partial responses, for an overall response rate of 24%. Median duration of response was 5 months. Fourteen women (31%) had stable disease with median duration of response of 5 months. Median survival for the entire group was 12 months. Toxicity was primarily hematologic, and only 3 patients discontinued therapy because of toxicity. QOL surveys indicated that this was a well-tolerated regimen. Conclusion: The combination of gemcitabine and doxorubicin can be safely administered. Overall, approximately 55% of women with platinum-resistant ovarian or peritoneal cancer benefit from this regimen with response or stabilization of disease. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:1556-64.)
Quantum fluctuations and coulomb blockade in small tunnel junctions

We describe an experiment in which we attached high- and low-resistance thin film leads to normal metal tunnel junctions with capacitances of order 10-15 F. At 20 mK we observed a pronounced Coulomb blockade in the former case, and a very smeared blockade in the latter case. We outline a model which indicates that the low temperature behavior of the junctions is dominated by quantum fluctuations in the external circuit. The predictions of the model are in fairly good agreement with the observed current-voltage characteristics.
Visceral analgesic tolerance to intrathecal butorphanol in rats

Purpose Recent experimental data suggest that intrathecal (it) κ-opioid agonists produce profound visceral analgesia. This study investigated the development of visceral analgesic tolerance toit butorphanol, a potent κ-agonist that has fewer side effects than commonly usedit opioids. Understanding of this tolerance could makeit butorphanol more effective in treating chronic visceral pain.
Introduction of a covalent histidine–heme linkage in a hemoglobin: A promising tool for heme protein engineering

The hemoglobins of the cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Synechocystis (GlbNs) are capable of spontaneous and irreversible attachment of the b heme to the protein matrix. The reaction, which saturates the heme 2-vinyl by addition of a histidine residue, is reproduced in vitro by preparing the recombinant apoprotein, adding ferric heme, and reducing the iron to the ferrous state. Spontaneous covalent attachment of the heme is potentially useful for protein engineering purposes. Thus, to explore whether the histidine-heme linkage can serve in such applications, we attempted to introduce it in a test protein. We selected as our target the heme domain of Chlamydomonas eugametos LI637 (CtrHb), a eukaryotic globin that exhibits less than 50% sequence identity with the cyanobacterial GlbNs. We chose two positions, 75 in the FG corner and 111 in the H helix, to situate a histidine near a vinyl group. We characterized the proteins with gel electrophoresis, absorbance spectroscopy, and NMR analysis. Both T111H and L75H CtrHbs reacted upon reduction of the ferric starting material containing cyanide as the distal ligand to the iron. With L75H CtrHb, nearly complete (>90%) crosslinking was observed to the 4-vinyl as expected from the X-ray structure of wild-type CtrHb. Reaction of T111H CtrHb also occurred at the 4-vinyl, in a 60% yield indicating a preference for the flipped heme orientation in the starting material. The work suggests that the His-heme modification will be applicable to the design of proteins with a non-dissociable heme group.
New analysis of suns-V oc and V oc (T): A simple method to quantify recombination channels in solar cells

Analyzing regions of dominant recombination in a solar cell is crucial to guide process modifications and device improvements that improve efficiency. Common characterizations such as dark and light current-voltage and quantum efficiency provide only qualitative insights into the distribution of recombination in a solar cell, especially when the cell contains a heterojunction emitter. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) is a sensitive indicator of recombination since generation equals recombination at that bias. We leverage the light and temperature dependence of Voc to quantify recombination in the space-charge (SCR), quasi-neutral (QNR) and junction-inter face regions of heterojunction solar cell. By combining the operating conditions and recombination parameters into a common equation for Voc, we enable the separation of recombination in different regions of the cell and provide a meaningful interpretation of previously known variables.
Physical study of prophage excision and curing of λ prophage from lysogenic Escherichia coli

Abstract A sex factor, F′450(λ), which can be isolated as a covalent circle of DNA, has been examined by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation of lysates of induced cells in order to study λ prophage excision. Thermal derepression of the prophage results in loss of F′450(λ) covalent circles, which is mediated by systems involved in excision and initiation of replication. When protocols known to result in prophage curing are used, the F′450(λ) is converted to an F′450 and a λ covalent circle; in normal excision leading to phage development, F′450 covalent circles are not found. We have shown that: (1) excision usually occurs later than initiation of DNA replication of the prophage so that the excised prophage is usually already replicated or in the act of replication; (2) the DNA growing points of the prophage leave the prophage and enter the bacterial DNA; (3) the int and xis genes are involved in the earliest detectable stage of the excision process, i.e. breakage of the DNA at the attachment region; (4) the xis gene product is involved in a weak non-specific nuclease activity in addition to its highly specific activity in excision; and (5) the excision system fails to attack a single attachment site.
The Concept of ‘Sound Science’ in Risk Management Decisions

The concept of ‘sound science’ has taken on an increasingly important role in law, regulation and risk management. While referring somewhat generically to scientific statements that have passed some form of evidential hurdle, the concept has not been given a clear foundation from which to judge whether a particular risk estimate is or is not a sound basis for risk management decisions. This paper explores a variety of considerations, from both philosophy and scientific practice, that are useful in judging the ‘soundness’ of the science underlying risk estimates. Within this conception, ‘sound science’ emerges as the result of a dialogical process rooted in the rational exploration of the evidential basis of competing risk estimates. It is proposed that ‘sound science’ has three characteristics: a process that satisfies criteria of rational dialogue and reflection; an uncertainty distribution that is sufficiently narrow to allow ‘upper-bound’ risk estimates to provide apt means to identify the benefits of proposed management actions; and an assessment of overall epistemic status, including the status of causal claims for any associations, which makes the manager reasonably confident that adjustment of a purported cause will in fact reduce the risk.
Cocaine administration prior to reactivation facilitates later acquisition of an avoidance response in rats.

The effect of cocaine administered prior to memory reactivation on the subsequent acquisition of an avoidance response was investigated. Two noncontingent footshocks were administered to rats in the black compartment of a one-way avoidance chamber. Twenty-four hours later, cocaine or saline was administered 5 min prior to a 30-s reactivation treatment consisting of re-exposure to selected stimuli present during the initial conditioning. Subjects were trained 24 h later to move from the chamber's black compartment to its white compartment in order to avoid a footshock. Intermediate (5.0 or 7.5 mg/kg IP), but not low (3.3 mg/kg IP) or high (11.25 or 16.88 mg/kg IP), doses of cocaine given prior to the reactivation treatment enhanced later acquisition of the one-way administered prior to the reintroduction of cues associated with a conditioning episode can modulate memory processes, and that the dose-response function for this effect is U-shaped. The avoidance performance of rats that received cocaine (5.0 mg/kg IP) 3 h after the reactivation treatment did not differ from that of saline-treated control subjects, suggesting that the conjoint neural activity elicited by cocaine and exogenous retrieval cues is necessary for potentiation of memory retrieval or reconstruction processes.
Galectin-3 Is Critical for the Development of the Allergic Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis

Galectin-3 belongs to a family of β-galactoside-binding animal lectins expressed in several cell types, including epithelial and immune cells. To establish the role of galectin-3 in the development of allergic skin inflammation, we compared inflammatory skin responses of galectin-3-deficient (gal3−/−) and wild-type (gal3+/+) mice to epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). OVA-treated gal3−/− mice exhibited markedly reduced epidermal thickening, lower eosinophil infiltration, and lower serum IgE levels compared with gal3+/+ mice. The former evoked lower interleukin-4, but higher interferon-γ, mRNA expression at OVA-treated skin sites. Moreover, gal3−/− splenocytes from OVA-sensitized mice secreted more interleukin-12 compared with gal3+/+ splenocytes. In addition, antigen presentation by gal3−/− dendritic cells to T cells in vitro were T helper cell (Th1)-polarized relative to presentation by gal3+/+ dendritic cells. When exposed to OVA, recipients engrafted with T cells from gal3−/− OVA-specific T cell receptor transgenic mice developed significantly reduced dermatitis and a markedly lower Th2 response compared with recipients of comparable gal3+/+ T cells. We conclude that galectin-3 is critical for the development of inflammatory Th2 responses to epicutaneously administered antigens; in its absence, mice develop a Th1-polarized response. This regulatory effect of galectin-3 on Th development is exerted at both the dendritic cell and T cell levels. Our studies suggest that galectin-3 may play an important role in the acute phase of human atopic dermatitis.
Fate of ‘warm’ migrating fluids in the central Appalachians during the Late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny

Abstract Middle to Upper Devonian elastic rocks throughout the Valley and Ridge province in the central Appalachians contain evidence for fluid migration during the Late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny. Fluid inclusion microthermometry of vein minerals indicate that the migrating fluid was a ‘warm’ (160 to >220 °C) CH 4 -saturated NaCl-CaCl 2 brine. However, rocks in the same stratigraphic interval immediately forelandward of the Valley and Ridge contain veins that have significantly different fluid inclusions, indicating that the ‘warm’ fluids did not significantly migrate into the rocks of the Appalachian Plateau province. The ‘warm’ fluids are interpreted to have migrated to the paleosurface as hot springs during the Late Paleozoic. Stable and strontium isotope chemistry of the vein minerals suggests that some infiltration of the 'warm' fluids into the easternmost Plateau province did occur. This indicates that wholesale flushing of a foreland during an orogeny may not be as common as originally thought.
Synthesis and Characterization of Covalently Functionalized Laponite Clay

Covalently functionalized Laponite clay was synthesized through a condensation reaction of the clay's silanol groups with mono- and trifunctional alkoxy silanes. Most of the work focuses on primary-amine-containing modifications because that group offers a wide range of derivitization options. Various 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (APS) treatments yielded 4−14 wt % of organic material bound to the clay. APS-treated clay was further reacted to yield attached methacrylate, benzophenone, and tertiary bromine groups capable of polymerization, photoinitiation, and atom transfer radical polymerization initiation, respectively. Studies using a monoalkoxy analogue of APS, aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane (APES), are consistent with the hypothesis that multifunctional alkoxy silanes can cause the clay sheets to link together, hindering the clay's dispersibility and the efficiency of subsequent surface ion-exchange reactions. The attached amines were further reacted to 40 and 80% conversion in the APS- and APES-tre...
FIRM CHARACTERISTICS AND THE PRESENCE OF EVENT RISK COVENANTS IN BOND INDENTURES

Event risk covenants (ERCs) became popular as a bondholder protection measure during the height of restructuring activities in the 1980s. We investigate the empirical relation between firm characteristics and the likelihood of ERCs in bond indentures. In particular, we examine whether a firm's agency costs of debt, financial distress costs, and/or takeover potential influence its decision to include ERCs. Employing bonds with and without ERCs issued during 1986–90, we provide evidence that the likelihood a firm will include ERCs is positively related to the firm's agency costs of debt and to its potential for takeover. The results, however, do not support the financial distress costs hypothesis.
Cyclic and spirocyclic polyacetal ethers from lignin-based aromatics

Monomers structurally resembling lignin were prepared by reacting 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, (each bio-available) or ethylvanillin (synthetic) with dibromoethane, yielding dialdehydes CHO–Ar–OCH2CH2O–Ar–CHO. Condensation copolymerization with tetraols catalyzed by para-toluene sulfonic acid yielded polyacetal ethers with cyclic acetals in the case of di-trimethylolpropane (di-TMP) and spirocyclic acetals in the case of pentaerythritol (PTOL). Number average molecular weights (Mn) were in the range of 10600 to 22200, although the insolubility of those polymers based on 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde precluded this measurement. The polymers are thermally robust and exhibit 5% mass loss via thermogravimetric analysis in the range of 307–349 °C. Those copolymers based on PTOL displayed glass transition (Tg) temperatures (108–152 °C) at least 40 °C higher than their di-TMP analogues (68–98 °C), highlighting the added rigidity conferred by spirocyclic acetals versus cyclic acetals. Preliminary degradation studies were conducted in dimethyl sulfoxide with 0.5% added aqueous HCl (concentrated or 2 M). Dynamic light scattering confirmed the facile hydrolysis of the polymers. Generally, polymer degradation was faster with a higher acid concentration and copolymers from the PTOL tetraol were more resistant to hydrolysis than those from the di-TMP tetraol.
The Best of Both Worlds: A Digital Preservation Project

Purpose – Using modern digitization techniques, seeks to create a searchable, full‐text representation of the first issue of The American Library Journal.Design/methodology/approach – The original objectives of the project included designing a representation and surrogate to capture the look and feel of the original volume 1 of The American Library Journal dated 1876. Owing to the lack of uniqueness of the container of the journal, the project refocused on providing digital access to the intellectual content of the journal.Findings – The digitization and subsequent creation of a digital collection provides and extends access and usability to the University of North Texas population to an otherwise deteriorating and unusable journal. Knowledge gained in the process may help others plan and implement other digitization projects.Originality/value – This paper is useful for information management professionals who seek greater understanding of a small scale scanning project.
Differences among emotionally disturbed children in three treatment and school settings: discriminant function and multiple regression analysis.

This prospective study of 510 emotionally disturbed children, placed in three different psychoeducational settings, by discriminant function analysis and multiple regression revealed very significant differences among the three groups (special class in public schools, private day schools, and private residential schools). The large overlaps in these populations demonstrated that they did not represent distinct populations on a continuum of psychopathology or special educational needs.
Semiparametric regression analysis for time-to-event marked endpoints in cancer studies

In cancer studies the disease natural history process is often observed only at a fixed, random point of diagnosis (a survival time), leading to a current status observation (Sun (2006). The statistical analysis of interval-censored failure time data. Berlin: Springer.) representing a surrogate (a mark) (Jacobsen (2006). Point process theory and applications: marked point and piecewise deterministic processes. Basel: Birkhauser.) attached to the observed survival time. Examples include time to recurrence and stage (local vs. metastatic). We study a simple model that provides insights into the relationship between the observed marked endpoint and the latent disease natural history leading to it. A semiparametric regression model is developed to assess the covariate effects on the observed marked endpoint explained by a latent disease process. The proposed semiparametric regression model can be represented as a transformation model in terms of mark-specific hazards, induced by a process-based mixed effect. Large-sample properties of the proposed estimators are established. The methodology is illustrated by Monte Carlo simulation studies, and an application to a randomized clinical trial of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
A generalized model for understanding evasiveness

Abstract We consider the following problem that is related to the notion of evasiveness: Suppose an oracle contains a symmetric n × n matrix in which all entries are either 0 or 1. And suppose an algorithm can ask the oracle how many 1s are present in the submatrix formed by rows and columns indexed i 1 , i 2 ,…, i k , for any 1 ⩽ k ⩽ n . Then, determine the minimum number of questions that must be asked by the algorithm in order to correctly output the entire matrix. We show that n 2 4 log n questions are sometimes necessary and there exists an algorithm that correctly outputs the matrix by asking at most ( 2n 2 log n )+o( n 2 log n ) questions. In the corresponding generalized decision tree model, we observe an upper bound on the number of questions asked for determining the connected components of an n -vertex graph; this upper bound is away from the straightforward lower bound by a log n factor.
Pulse oximetry versus arterial blood gas specimens in long-term oxygen therapy

Portable pulse oximeters are now widely available for the assessment of arterial oxygenation, and the U.S. Medicare program considers saturation readings to be acceptable substitutes for arterial PO2 in selecting patients for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Current oximeters are reasonably accurate (plus or minus 4 or 5 percent of the co-oximetry value), but the clinician should be aware of several potential problems. Readings may be inaccurate in the presence of hemodynamic instability, carboxyhemoglobinemia, jaundice, or dark skin pigmentation, and also during exercise. Indicated saturation may substantially overestimate arterial PO2 if the patient is alkalemic. Pulse oximetry cannot detect hypercapnia or acidosis. For these and other reasons, pulse oximetry should not be used in initial selection of patients for LTOT, as a substitute for arterial blood gas analysis in the evaluation of patients with undiagnosed respiratory disease, during formal cardiopulmonary exercise testing, or in the presence of an acute exacerbation. Pulse oximetry is an important addition to the clinician's armamentarium, however, for titrating the oxygen dose in stable patients, in assessing patients for desaturation during exercise, for sleep studies, and for in-home monitoring.
Atherogenic lipoproteins and tyrosine kinase mitogenic signaling in mesangial cells

Atherogenic lipoproteins and tyrosine kinase mitogenic signaling in mesangial cells Background Mesangial hypercellularity is a critical early histopathological finding seen in human and experimental glomerular diseases. Hyperlipidemia and the glomerular deposition of atherogenic lipoproteins [for example, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidized variants, minimally oxidized/modified LDL (mm-LDL)] are commonly associated with mesangial hypercellularity and the development of glomerular disease. This article reviews signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation and provides evidence for the participation of atherogenic lipoproteins in intracellular signaling pathways for mesangial cell proliferation. The mitogenic intracellular signaling pathways are regulated by the activation of a series of transmembrane and cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that converge into the activation of Ras and downstream mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Activated MAP kinase, through translocating into the nucleus and the activation of various transcription factors and proto-oncogenes, regulates cellular proliferation. Methods Murine mesangial cells were stimulated with LDL and mm-LDL and were analyzed for the tyrosine kinase activity, phosphorylation of membrane proteins, activation of Ras and MAP kinase, and cell proliferation. Results The results indicated that the stimulation of mesangial cells with LDL and, with greater activity, mm-LDL induced the phosphorylation of membrane platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, activated Ras, and resulted in sustained (up to 24 hr) activation of MAP kinase. LDL/mm-LDL–mediated mesangial cell proliferation and MAP kinase activation were dependent on the activation of tyrosine kinases. Conclusions We suggest that the accumulation of LDL and more potently its oxidized forms within the glomerulus, through the activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases, activate the Ras and MAP kinase signaling cascade leading to DNA synthesis and subsequent cell proliferation.
Clinical Rationale for Very-High-Field (3.0 Tesla) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The recent development of integrating very-high-field magnets (3.0 T) into clinical scanners was driven by the demonstration that both functional and anatomic information can be derived reliably at high spatial and temporal resolution. As very-high-field magnetic resonance imaging now approaches its entry into the clinical arena with a product by one major scanner manufacturer that is to be considered for Food and Drug Administration clearance, it is timely to consider the clinical applications that are likely to make such new technology significant in medical imaging. The rationale for very high field is based on the mechanism of blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast and the need for reliable functional studies on individual patients. The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging in the setting of presurgical planning is demonstrated in a number of different clinical scenarios. Such cases covering both pediatric and adult patients indicate that 3.0-T functional magnetic resonance imaging has an important role in neuroradiology.
Influence of preparation techniques on the structure of amorphous metallic alloy (Mo0.6Ru0.4)82B18

Abstract We report X-ray diffraction studies and density measurements on liquid quenched foils and sputter deposited films of the amorphous metallic alloy, (Mo0.6Ru0.4)82B18. The crystallization temperature (Tx) for both the films and the foils is ∼800 ± 10°C. The density of the as-sputtered films is ∼4% less than that of the foils. The annealing of these films at ∼ T x 2 increases the density to within ∼1.7% of the value for the foils. The X-ray diffractionpatterns for both the foils and films are similar and show the amorphous nature of the samples. The reduced radial distribution functions suggest that as-sputtered films have noticably larger second and third nearest neighbor distances, probably due to excess residual stresses and voids in them.
Pseudomorphic ZnTe/AlSb/GaSb heterostructures by molecular beam epitaxy

A series of pseudomorphic ZnTe/AlSb/GaSb epilayer/epilayer heterostructures, aimed at the realization of novel wide band‐gap light‐emitting devices, was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The structures were evaluated by several techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x‐ray rocking curves, photoluminescence (PL), and Raman spectroscopy. Reflection high‐energy electron diffraction intensity oscillations were observed during nucleation of ZnTe. The presence of dislocation‐free pseudomorphic structures was confirmed by TEM. The PL spectra of ZnTe epilayers showed dominant near‐band‐edge features composed of free and shallow impurity bound excitons.
A Theory of Broadcast Media Concentration and Commercial Advertising

We analyze a model in which the interaction of broadcasters, advertisers, and consumers determines the level of nonadvertising broadcasting produced and consumed. Our main finding is that an increase in concentration in broadcast media industries may lead to a decrease in the total amount of nonadvertising broadcasting. The strength of this inverse relationship depends, in part, on the behavioral response of the consumers to changes in advertising intensities. We also present a numerical general equilibrium solution to our model and demonstrate a positive relationship between consumer welfare and the number of firms in the broadcast industry.
Two-bunch self-seeding for narrow-bandwidth hard x-ray free-electron lasers

It is well known that seeding can be used to produce narrow-bandwidth and fully coherent x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Self-seeding, which uses an extra undulator to generate the seed pulse, is perhaps one of the most promising methods to accomplish this. In the hard x-ray regime with high-energy electrons, this method requires a large magnetic chicane to match the path-length delay of the x-ray monochromator that selects a narrow bandwidth of radiation. Such a chicane not only takes a large footprint to build, but also may degrade the electron-beam qualities through incoherent and coherent synchrotron radiation. In this paper, we present an alternative two-bunch self-seeding scheme. The two bunches are precisely separated to match the x-ray delay of the monochromator and eliminate the need for a long, complex magnetic chicane. The spectrally filtered self-amplified spontaneous emission x-ray pulse produced by the first bunch is combined with the second electron bunch at the entrance of the second undulator and then amplified to the saturation level. We present start-to-end simulation results based on the linac coherent light source hard x-ray FEL and show that this method can produce a nearly fully coherent x-ray pulse at a few GW power level.
Parasitic Helminths of Black Bear Cubs (Ursus americanus) From Florida

Twenty-two Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) cubs (≤12 mo old) from Florida were examined for endoparasites between 1998 and 2003. Eleven species of helminths were found (8 nematodes, 2 trematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan). The most prevalent helminths were Ancylostoma caninum (64%), Macracanthorhynchus ingens (36%), Strongyloides sp. (27%), Baylisascaris transfuga (23%), and A. tubaeforme (14%). New host records include A. tubaeforme and Brachylaima virginianum. This is the first report of B. transfuga in black bears from Florida.
Discovery and Optimization of a PSI Electron‐Accepting 1,2,4‐Benzotriazine Herbicide

A random source PSI electron-accepting herbicide lead, ethyl 1,2,4-benzotriazine-3-acetate 1, was optimized using molecular probing, bioisosteric replacement, Free-Wilson analysis, Sequential Simplex Optimization, and ultimately linear regression analysis. Some variables in the initial regression equations were found to be cross correlated, representing the same factors as revealed by factor analysis. The technique of prefiltering potential variables for linear regression analysis utilizing factor analysis is exemplified. For the set of 1 analogs, eleven independent factors were identified which were then submitted to linear regression analysis. The resulting equations are statistically more secure, all terms being independent. These equations are discussed in the context of known SAR for herbicidal PSI electron acceptors, especially the bipyridiniums.
General formulas for gap-excited linear ducts

Abstract Equations allowing determination of the electric and magnetic f fields at each point within a gap-excited metallic duct are derived. With the application to accelerators in mind, formulas are established for the energy and lateral momentum kicks to which a particle is subjected upon crossing the gap region. The configuration where the gap is in a plane perpendicular to the duct's axis is given some special attention.
Targeting the hypoxia pathway to treat pancreatic cancer

The correlation between hypoxia and pancreatic cancer has long been discussed. Hao's research team made many efforts on revealing the oncogenic function of hypoxic inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in pancreatic cancer progression and development in recent years. Based on their research, they linked micro-environmental regulation of pancreatic cancer and its clinical significance. Hao's research team suggests it is a promising approach to target HIF-1 for the management of pancreatic cancer progression and invasion.
A null mutation in VAMP1/synaptobrevin is associated with neurological defects and prewean mortality in the lethal-wasting mouse mutant

The soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment receptors are a large family of membrane-associated proteins that are critical for Ca2+-mediated synaptic vesicle release. This family includes the VAMP, synaptosomal-associated protein, and syntaxin proteins. In this report, we describe a mutation in vesicle-associated membrane protein 1(VAMP1)/synaptobrevin in the mouse neurological mutant lethal-wasting (lew). The lethal-wasting mutant phenotype is characterized by a general lack of movement and wasting, eventually leading to death before weaning. Mutants are visibly immobile and lay on their side by postnatal day 10 (P10). Before this stage, mutants can be identified by a failure to attempt to right themselves. Affected mice die on average at P15. We used a positional cloning strategy to identify the mutation associated with this neurological phenotype. Lethal wasting had previously been linked to chromosome 6. We further narrowed the genetic disease interval and selected a small number of candidate genes for mutation screening. Genes were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) to detect differences in their expression levels between control and mutant brain ribonucleic acid (RNA) samples. VAMP1 mRNA was found to be significantly downregulated in the lethal-wasting brain compared to wild-type littermates. Subsequently, a nonsense mutation was identified in the coding region of the gene. This mutation is predicted to truncate approximately half of the protein; however, Western blot analysis showed that no protein is detectable in the mutant. VAMP1 is selectively expressed in the retina and in discrete areas of the brain including the zona incerta and rostral periolivary region, although no gross histological abnormalities were observed in these tissues. Taken together, these data indicate that VAMP1 has a vital role in a subset of central nervous system tissues.
Some rewarding insights into the cognitive and neurobiological basis of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

To address the aforementioned discrepancy in the literature and to obtain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, the authors apply new insights into the neurobiology of reward-based learning obtained with a computational model of reward-based learning developed by Frank and Claus (10). This is a highly developed model that is deeply informed by our current knowledge of the neurobiology of the reward and decision making circuitry in the primate brain. Modules in the model represent distinct frontal striatal circuits, and their functions are modulated by DA through distinct receptor specific (D1 and D2). Lesioning structural elements of the model or manipulating neuromodulatory functions captures many elements of disordered behavior (e.g., in Parkinson’s disease or frontal lobe damage), providing a detailed account of the possible underlying neurobiological perturbations in these clinical syndromes. Important aspects of the architecture of the model that might shed light on these inconsistencies in reward-based learning in schizophrenia include the specification of distinct roles for reward-based learning in the BG the PFC. In the model BG-based learning supports the slow acquisition of reward-based choice behavior though changes in connection strengths that are driven by phasic DA activity (as in many procedural learning tasks), whereas the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) supports the rapid acquisition of these associations by maintaining choice-feedback history in working memory (as in the Card Sorting Task). The model also specifies distinct roles for DA activity in the BG, with reward-related increases supporting “Go” responses (that are
The effect of hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of an n-heptane fuelled HCCI engine

Abstract The mechanisms of the influence of hydrogen enrichment on the combustion and emission characteristics of an n-heptane fuelled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine was numerically investigated using a multi-zone model. The model calculation successfully captured the most available experimental data. The results show that hydrogen addition retards combustion phasing of an n-heptane fuelled HCCI engine due to the dilution and chemical effects, with the dilution effect being more significant. It is because of the chemical effect that combustion duration is reduced at a constant compression ratio if an appropriate amount of hydrogen is added. As a result of retarded combustion phasing and reduced combustion duration, hydrogen addition increases indicated thermal efficiency at a constant combustion phasing. Hydrogen addition reduces indicated specific unburned hydrocarbon emissions, but slightly increases normalized unburned hydrocarbon emissions that are defined as the emissions per unit burned n-heptane mass. The increase in normalized unburned hydrocarbon emissions is caused by the presence of more remaining hydrocarbons that compete with hydrogen for some key radicals during high temperature combustion stage. At a given hydrogen addition level, N2O emissions increases with overly retarding combustion phasing, but hydrogen addition moderates this increase in N2O emissions.
Secondary amenorrhea and disordered eating

A female age 16 years and 4 months is referred to the adolescent program for oligomenorrhea because the local primary care physician was uncomfortable evaluating reproductive concerns in an adolescent. She notes her last episode of vaginal bleeding lasted 2–3 days and occurred six months ago. She underwent menarche at age 12 years 6 months and had regular menses lasting 5 days every 26–35 days. She is involved in a serious (2-year) relationship. She denies current sexual activity but confirms previous vaginal intercourse. Her family history is significant for her mother’s history of irregular menses until age 22 years when she began having children. Her older sister had a baby at age 16 years. (excerpt)
Damping in beams and plates due to slipping at the support boundaries

Abstract Dry friction damping due to axial sliding surfaces normal to the principal lateral direction of structural motion is studied. Primary emphasis is on sufficiently large motion that slipping occurs throughout a cycle. Beams with arbitrary support conditions and vibrating in an arbitrary mode are considered; also a pinned-pinned rectangular plate is studied. In all cases, a simple explicit formula is obtained for an equivalent, linear, viscous critical damping ratio.
Modeling and control of an electro-hydrostatic actuator

Advanced electro-hydrostatic actuators offer a high degree of maintainability and combat survivability of aircraft flight control systems, because all the components necessary to operate the actuator are collocated with the actuator. The quantitative feedback theory robust control method is used to design a controller for the actuator. The impact of parameter variations, sensor noise, and flight condition variability are explicitly considered in the design process. The controller utilizes a two loop feedback controls structure. The resulting linear design is not only robust with respect to plant parameter variations, but is also insensitive to the effects of sensor noise. Furthermore, the actuator's phase lag is reduced by incorporating phase constraints in the QFT design paradigm; thus, improving the performance of the overall flight control system.
Fluorescein Angiography in Retrolental Fibroplasia: Experience from 1969 - 1977

Abstract Acute proliferative retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) has been studied in premature infants employing a Zeiss fundus camera and fluorescein angiography. A total of 164 angiograms have been performed on 122 infants. At the present time, angiography is reserved for studying infants with peculiar or puzzling fundus pictures. A dose of 0.1–0.4 cc of 10% sodium tluoresceinate is employed, depending on the age and the weight of the baby. Fluorescein clearly outlines the major arteriovenous shunt in the retina, which is the hallmark of acute RLF. The shunt fills with fluorescein and leaks it profusely. On regression, a fine brush border of capillaries is seen in the region where the shunt previously had been located. Study of the population susceptible to RLF reveals it to be the smallest sickest babies in the premature nursery.
Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes

■ Abstract Comparative modeling predicts the three-dimensional structure of a given protein sequence (target) based primarily on its alignment to one or more pro- teins of known structure (templates). The prediction process consists of fold assign- ment, target-template alignment, model building, and model evaluation. The number of protein sequences that can be modeled and the accuracy of the predictions are in- creasing steadily because of the growth in the number of known protein structures and because of the improvements in the modeling software. Further advances are nec- essary in recognizing weak sequence-structure similarities, aligning sequences with structures, modeling of rigid body shifts, distortions, loops and side chains, as well as detecting errors in a model. Despite these problems, it is currently possible to model with useful accuracy significant parts of approximately one third of all known protein sequences. The use of individual comparative models in biology is already rewarding and increasingly widespread. A major new challenge for comparative modeling is the integration of it with the torrents of data from genome sequencing projects as well as from functional and structural genomics. In particular, there is a need to develop an automated, rapid, robust, sensitive, and accurate comparative modeling pipeline applicable to whole genomes. Such large-scale modeling is likely to encourage new kinds of applications for the many resulting models, based on their large number and completeness at the level of the family, organism, or functional network.
Unusual extraosseous extension of jaw lesion into the temporal fossa

The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a relatively rare, benign neoplasm that develops in the maxilla or mandible, arising from the dental lamina or basal cells of the oral epithelium. The disease is characterized by aggressive growth and a high recurrence rate following surgical treatment. We present a case of a 55-year-old man with a giant KCOT of the mandible. The imaging features and differential diagnosis are described with discussion of the surgical management.
A scanisland based design enabling prebond testability in die-stacked microprocessors

Die stacking is a promising new technology that enables integration of devices in the third dimension. Recent research thrusts in 3D-integrated microprocessor design have demonstrated significant improvements in both power consumption and performance. However, this technology is currently being held back due to the lack of test technology. Because processor functionality is partitioned across different silicon die layers, only partial circuitry exists on each layer pre-bond. In current 3D manufacturing, layers in the die stack are simply bonded together to form the complete processor; no testing is performed at the pre-bond stage. Such a strategy leads to an exponential decay in the yield of the final product and places an economic limit on the number of die that can be stacked. To overcome this limit, pre-bond test is a necessity. In this paper, we present a technique to enable pre-bond test in each layer. Further, we address several issues with integrating this new test hardware into the final design. Finally, we use a sample 3D floorplan based on the Alpha 21264 to show that our technique can be implemented at a minimal cost (0.2% area overhead). Our design for pre-bond testability enables the structural test necessary to continue 3D integration for microprocessors beyond a few layers.
VERIFICATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE-LIKE MATERIALS

It was proposed previously that a proper consideration of the concrete porosity can provide an improved method for the derivation of sound, reliable relationships between mechanical properties, such as strength and modulus of elasticity. The method of derivation is based on the differing effects of porosity in concrete on its mechanical properties. Several new formulas, such as equations 18) through 25) were derived from appropriate members of two groups of underlying equations: from equations 8) through 14), and equations 15) through 17). It is shown in figures 4 through 12 of this paper that the new formulas and, consequently, the outlined method of derivation are supported by experimental results despite the several simplifying assumptions applied. The fundamental advantage of the outlined method of derivation is that it is mathematical as compared to the empirical nature of the presently used methods.
Category Learning in the Brain

The ability to group items and events into functional categories is a fundamental characteristic of sophisticated thought. It is subserved by plasticity in many neural systems, including neocortical regions (sensory, prefrontal, parietal, and motor cortex), the medial temporal lobe, the basal ganglia, and midbrain dopaminergic systems. These systems interact during category learning. Corticostriatal loops may mediate recursive, bootstrapping interactions between fast reward-gated plasticity in the basal ganglia and slow reward-shaded plasticity in the cortex. This can provide a balance between acquisition of details of experiences and generalization across them. Interactions between the corticostriatal loops can integrate perceptual, response, and feedback-related aspects of the task and mediate the shift from novice to skilled performance. The basal ganglia and medial temporal lobe interact competitively or cooperatively, depending on the demands of the learning task.
ABL Regulation by AXL Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is characterized by resistance to chemotherapy and poor outcome. Although cisplatin (CDDP) has been used as a first-line therapy in patients with EAC, resistance remains a major clinical problem. The AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, originally isolated as a transforming gene from leukemia, is overexpressed in several solid tumors. Herein, we assessed AXL protein expression in human EACs and examined its role in CDDP resistance in human EAC cells. AXL overexpression was detected in more than 50% of tumors examined. Elevating AXL in nonoverexpressing cells doubled the CDDP IC50 and increased cell survival three-fold, while attenuating AXL in overexpressing cells reduced survival two-fold. The effects of AXL modulation on cell survival were associated with changes in cellular and molecular markers of apoptosis. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AXL blocked CDDP-induced activation of endogenous p73b (TP73), reducing its protein half-life, and inhibited CDDP-induced levels of p-c-ABL(Y412) and p-p73b(Y99). These changes were associated with a disruption of c-ABL/p73b protein interactions due to association with c-ABL in thecytoplasm,therebyblockingnuclearaccumulationofc-ABLandphosphorylationofp73binresponsetoDNA damage. Together, our results establish that AXL promotes CDDP resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma and argue that therapeutic targeting of AXL may sensitize these cancers to DNA-damaging drugs. Cancer Res; 73(1); 331–40. � 2012 AACR.