cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics studies of the size and temperature dependence of the kinetics of freezing of Fe nanoparticles

Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations have been carried out and a novel modified technique of Voronoi polyhedra has been performed to identify solid-like particles in a molten nanoparticle. This technique works quite well in analyzing the effects of particle size on nucleation rates of iron nanoparticles in the temperature range of 750–1160 K. Nanoparticles with 1436 and 2133 Fe atoms have been examined and the results are compared with those obtained earlier with Fe 331 nanoparticles. Nucleation rates for freezing obtained from MD simulations for Fe 2133 vary from 8.8×10 34 m 3 /s to 4.1×10 35 m 3 /s at over a temperature range from 1160 K to 900 K, Rates for. Fe 1436 and Fe 331 are somewhat higher. Nucleation rates increase as supercooling deepens until the viscosity of the liquid increases sharply enough to slow down the rate. Bt applying classical nucleation theory, the interfacial free energy between solid and liquid cab be estimated From this and other thermodynamic information can be derived a theoretical expression for the size-dependence of the heat of fusion of nanoparticles. Results agreed quite well with those observed in our MD observations. An earlier expression in the literature for this size-dependence was shown to be incorrect. The size dependence of melting point is discussed.
DE-EXCITATION OF HELIUM 2$sup 1$S AND 2$sup 3$S ATOMS IN FAST COLLISIONS WITH NORMAL HELIUM ATOMS.

Cross sections for deexcitation of helium $2^{1}S$ and $2^{3}S$ atoms in collisions of a helium metastable atomic beam with normal helium atoms have been measured in the laboratory energy range 150-2200 eV. The singlet cross sections are from 20 to 75% larger than the triplet cross sections. Both cross sections were found to obey the general relationship ${Q}^{\frac{1}{2}}=a\ensuremath{-}b\mathrm{ln}v$ with an oscillatory structure superimposed upon this monotonic velocity dependence. The magnitude of the triplet cross sections compare favorably with calculated values of the cross section for the symmetric excitation-transfer reaction between $2^{3}S$ and $1^{1}S$ atoms.
Overcoming Aesthetic Muteness: Researching Organizational Members’ Aesthetic Experience

Direct questioning about the ‘felt sense’ of organizational actions or artefacts is an accepted way to explore organizational members’ aesthetic experience. However, this requires organizational members to be able to talk about their aesthetic experience, to translate that felt sense into language. I suggest this is often difficult due to aesthetic muteness, which is a significant problem, not just for research but for organizational practice in general. I use empirical data to illustrate how this aesthetic muteness is manifested in the research process as organizational members’ difficulty in approaching their experience from an aesthetic perspective, reframing from ‘feeling’ to ‘thinking’, inability to recall aesthetic experience and denial of aesthetic experience. I then speculate that aesthetic muteness might be caused by threats to harmony, efficiency and images of power and effectiveness and that the consequences of aesthetic muteness are aesthetic amnesia, a narrowed conception of organizational ae...
UmuD and RecA Directly Modulate the Mutagenic Potential of the Y Family DNA Polymerase DinB

Summary DinB is the only translesion Y family DNA polymerase conserved among bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. DinB and its orthologs possess a specialized lesion bypass function but also display potentially deleterious −1 frameshift mutagenic phenotypes when overproduced. We show that the DNA damage-inducible proteins UmuD 2 and RecA act in concert to modulate this mutagenic activity. Structural modeling suggests that the relatively open active site of DinB is enclosed by interaction with these proteins, thereby preventing the template bulging responsible for −1 frameshift mutagenesis. Intriguingly, residues that define the UmuD 2 -interacting surface on DinB statistically covary throughout evolution, suggesting a driving force for the maintenance of a regulatory protein-protein interaction at this site. Together, these observations indicate that proteins like RecA and UmuD 2 may be responsible for managing the mutagenic potential of DinB orthologs throughout evolution.
Therapeutic end points for the treatment of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia by catheter-guided radiofrequency current

Objectives. The purpose off this prospective study was to test the hypothesis that the elimination of inducible repetitive atrioventricular (AV) node reentry the persistence of slow AV pathway conduction is a valid end point for radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures in patients with supraventricular tachycardia due to AV node reentry. Background. Although modification of AV node physiology by radiofrequency current can eliminate AV node reentrant tachycardia, therapeutic end points that are definitive of a satisfactory result in patients undergoing modification of the slow AV pathway have not been established. Applications of radiofrequency current at selected sites may eliminate all evidence of slow pathway conduction or sufficiently modify the refractory properties of the slow pathway to preclude sustained arrhythmias. Accordingly, total abolition of dual AV node physiology may not be necessary to prevent arrhythmia recurrence. Methods. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the slow AV pathway was attempted in 59 patients with typical AV node reentry. Tissue ablation was performed with a continuous wave of 500-kHz radiofrequency current. Twenty-five to 35 W was applied for 60 s at the site selected for destruction. Results. Dual AV node physiology was eliminated completely in 35 patients (59%), persisted without inducible AV node reentry in 13 patients (22%) and persisted with inducible single AV reentrant beats in 11 patients (19%). In patients with persistent dual AV node physiology, the maximal difference between the effective refractory period of the fast and slow pathways was reduced from 104 ± 62 ms before the procedure to 37 ± 37 ms after AV conduction had been modified (p < 0.001). During a mean follow-up interval of 15 months (range 4 to 28), only one patient (2%) had a recurrence of the tachycardia. Conclusions. Resulte demonstrate that when complete elimination of dial AV node physiology is difficult, modification of slow pathway conduction to the extent that repetitive AV node reentry cannot be induced is a definitive end point that portends a good prognosis.
CO2Reforming of CH4over Supported Pt Catalysts

The kinetics of CO2reforming of CH4were studied over Pt supported on TiO2, ZrO2, Cr2O3, and SiO2, and the catalysts were characterized using chemisorption, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH), and temperature-programmed surface reaction. Although the Pt/SiO2and Pt/Cr2O3catalysts deactivated significantly within 5 and 15 h onstream, respectively, the Pt/ZrO2and Pt/TiO2catalysts exhibited much higher stability even after 80 to 100 h onstream. TPH results with used catalysts showed that both Pt/ZrO2and Pt/TiO2have suppressed carbon deposition under reaction conditions. H2and CO chemisorption as well as DRIFTS provided evidence of metal–support interactions in the Pt/TiO2catalyst and indicated that large ensembles of Pt atoms, active for carbon deposition, are deactivated or destroyed by the presence of mobile TiOxspecies. Activities for CO formation and CH4consumption on a turnover frequency basis were five times greater on Pt/TiO2compared with the other catalysts, suggesting that active sites for reforming are created in the Pt–TiOxinterfacial region. The kinetic behavior was explained well by a kinetic model recently proposed for supported Ni.
Cyclic quotients of knot like groups

Abstract We generalize a somewhat weakened form of the cyclic surgery theorem to a wider class of knot like groups.
An Expert Framework Aide for Determining Optimal Design Models

This paper presents the development of a CAD-based expert framework aide for the decision making on choosing optimal design methods. The proposed framework is based on a comparative study of gradient enhanced meta-models using response surface modeling (RSM) and Kriging techniques, the two most promising meta-modeling techniques studied extensively in design optimization schemes for approximating complex systems. However, current and past research shows that the performance of these methods mandates significant improvements due to the fact that a large number of sample points are needed from within the design space for a considerable accurate model. This makes the designers face a dilemma between accuracy and computational cost. To overcome this so called curse of dimensionality problem, a proper framework with which the models can be validated and its reliability can be evaluated is proposed and established in this research work. Our approach is aimed at forming a GUI-based software framework (utilizing DACE) in MATLAB® that will aid the designers to decide which Meta-model would be most suitable for a certain modeling for design. It will help designers to plan the design of experiments and train the models using the gradient information available at low cost and consequently, validate the model with existing data, as well as produce error analysis graphs and performance criterion charts of all the models for a final decision making. A comparative study of performance of the gradient enhanced RSM and gradient enhanced Kriging models are conducted for six different test equations of various degrees of non-linearity using this proposed framework. A Pro/Engineer® model of a bracket is taken as a test case for the verification of the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed expert framework as a decision-making tool for designers of engineering products. All the tested Metamodels performed satisfactorily within the specified error margins.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The micro-trach. A seven-year experience with transtracheal oxygen therapy

Over a six-year period, 200 patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy for hypoxemic lung disease underwent insertion of the micro-trach transtracheal catheter and were evaluated for one to seven years. The catheter requires no removal for cleaning; it is designed to function undisturbed within the trachea for six months between replacements. Transtracheal oxygen delivery and saline instillation were instituted immediately after inserting the device. Oxygen administration at a rate of 0.25 to 3 L/min was equivalent to 1 to 8 L/min delivered nasally. By the end of one year of follow-up, 12.5 percent of patients had dropped out of the study. Most patients comply with prescribed 24-hour-a-day oxygen use; in keeping with the NOTT study, life expectancy of emphysema patients may therefore be increased.
First-principles theory of nonradiative carrier capture via multiphonon emission

Understanding interaction of charge carriers with defects is important for improving performance of semiconductor devices. Researches now present an determination of nonradiative carrier capture rates at defect centers. Several capture rates are computed, with reasonable agreement with experimental information.
Preparation and evaluation of poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate-co-polyethylene glycol diacrylate) monolith for protein analysis

A poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether acrylate-co-polyethylene glycol diacrylate) monolith was prepared by UV-initiated polymerization. Methanol and ethyl ether were selected as porogens from a variety of organic solvents to achieve the desirable characteristics of the monolith. The preparation of the monolith could be achieved within 10 min. The monolith was macroscopically homogeneous, had low flow resistance, and did not swell or shrink significantly in tetrahydrofuran. Inverse size-exclusion data indicate that the monolith had a total porosity of 75.4% and an internal porosity of 9.1%. The monolith could be used for size-exclusion separation of peptides, although it could not separate proteins with molecular masses between 10 and 100 K due to its unique pore size distribution. It was found to resist adsorption of proteins in capillary liquid chromatography when using 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.5 M NaCl. Complete recovery of both acidic and basic proteins was achieved. The monolith can be used for applications in which inert materials are required for protein analysis.
ESTIMATING SMALL SIGNALS BY USING MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD AND POISSON STATISTICS

Estimation of small signals from counting experiments with backgrounds larger than signals is solved using maximum likelihood estimation for situations in which both signal and background statistics are Poissonian. Confidence levels are discussed, and Poisson, Gauss and least-squares fitting methods are compared. Efficient algorithms that estimate signal strengths and confidence levels are devised for computer implementation. Examples from simulated data and a low count rate experiment in nuclear physics are given.
Medium probes: exploring the medium not the message

Frequently in information design, we lean toward selecting a platform based upon our knowledge, values, and interests, independent of our audience's practices with information. We found ourselves facing this issue when seeking a technology platform to increase access to learning resources for parents within a financially depressed community. We did not want to choose a platform based upon our biases, yet it was difficult for community members to engage in conversations about technology. We looked at cultural probes and technology probes as methods to seed dialogue within the community. However, neither directly addressed the goal of engaging the community with discussions of information medium In response, we developed the Medium Probe, which meets this goal by placing the focus on the experience of using multiple mediums to respond to prompts, rather than the responses themself.
The effects of exercise on adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis in a rat model of binge alcohol exposure during the brain growth spurt

Exposure to alcohol during the brain growth spurt results in impaired cognition and learning in adulthood. This impairment is accompanied by permanent structural changes in the hippocampal formation. Exercise improves performance on hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks and increases adult neurogenesis in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus. The present study examined the effects of wheel running during adolescence on dentate gyrus cell proliferation and neurogenesis after postnatal binge-like alcohol exposure. On postnatal days (PD) 4-9, pups were either intubated with alcohol in a binge-like manner, sham intubated, or reared normally. On PD30-42, all animals were randomly assigned to two adolescent conditions: wheel running or inactive control. Animals were injected with BrdU every day between PD32 and PD42 and perfused on PD42 or PD72. In inactive control animals at both PD42 and PD72, cell proliferation and neurogenesis did not differ between postnatal treatment groups. Wheel running significantly increased the number of BrdU-labeled cells on PD42 in all three postnatal treatments. On PD72, only the normal controls showed significant increases in survival of newly generated cells resulting from the wheel running. These results indicate that adolescent wheel running can induce comparable increases in cell proliferation and neurogenesis in alcohol-exposed and control rats, but the long-term survival of those newly generated cells is impaired relative normal controls. Exercise may provide a means to stimulate neurogenesis, with implications for amelioration of hippocampal-dependent learning impairments associated with alcohol exposure. However, benefits requiring long-lasting survival of the newly generated cells will depend on identifying ways to promote survival.
Engineered Nanoparticles Induce DNA Damage in Primary Human Skin Cells, Even at Low Doses

It is well documented that various particulate matter — either incidental or engineered — are known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells. In circumstances where these reactive species are generated, antioxidant production is often increased. This balance in the biological reduction/oxidation (a.k.a. redox) state within the cell has not been thoroughly studied in exposures involving engineered nanoparticles. However, nanoparticle exposure has been postulated to induce a DNA damage cascade. In this study, we examined primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to three different, but commonly used engineered nanoparticles (i.e., cerium dioxide (CeO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO)) in an attempt to determine the potential DNA damaging effects through the analysis of ROS generation, relevant protein upregulation response and single and double DNA strand breaks. Cell death was most elevated with exposure to ZnO, followed by TiO2 and CeO2. ROS generation was measured at 1 h, 6 h and 24 h after exposure to particles via a cell-based DCFH-DA (2′, 7′-dichlorfluorescein-diacetate) assay and indicated that ZnO generated the most significant amount of ROS. ZnO also caused upregulation of oxidative stress protein, heme oxygenase-1 and phosphorylation of p38; whereas CeO2 caused upregulation of superoxide dismutase. Results from the comet assay indicated that ZnO triggered significant DNA damage in cells at relatively low dosing concentrations (20 ppm). Immunocytochemistry with ZnO-treated cells revealed notable DNA double strand breaks evidenced by a marked increase in the presence of γ-H2AX foci. This finding was also indicated by western blot, as well as cell cycle arrest by the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1. These data suggest that the three particle-types induce different degrees of DNA damage. And, of the three particle-types tested, exposure to ZnO nanoparticles may cause the most significant DNA damage.
Philosophy 301: But Can You "Handle the Truth"?

This presentation debunks three "truths" as seen from Plato's cave: the untold story of PUE, clean coal, and water is free and available.
Promoting decision making through a Sustainable Remediation Assessment Matrix (SRAM)

This paper describes the steps taken in a decision making process through a Sustainable Remediation Assessment Matrix (SRAM). The development of the SRAM deals with Complex, Large–scale Interconnected, Open, and Socio–technical System (CLIOS). For both large and small contaminated areas, considers potential impacts on neighbouring areas, the contribution to air emissions from the materials of the proposed project and the energy to be consumed. Along this line, the research focused on setting up a model under a systems perspective. A systemigram, from remedial investigation to project closeout, has been developed. For each stage of the remediation project, the process to identify stakeholders has been outlined. Moreover, and as an illustrative example, environmental, social, and economic aspects of remedial operations have been addressed on a specific case using the US Air Force Sustainable Remediation Tool (SRT).
On the Definition and Measure of Inclusive Fitness and the Evolution of Menopause

In a recent issue of Human Ecology, Mayer (1982) dealt with an apparent paradox in evolutionary theory: the phenomenon of menopause in humans. Briefly, if natural selection designs humans to maximize their reproductive success why do females tend to live well beyond their reproductive years? Mayer noted three different explanations offered by various evolutionary biologists: (a) menopause is an artifact of modern medicine and hygiene allowing females in recent historical times to live beyond their reproductive years and is not designed by natural selection; (b) "postmenopausal survival is an unselected and unfavored by-product of a developmental process which has been favored by selection for other reasons" (Mayer 1982: 478); and (c) menopause developed through the process of kin selection whereby it is more adaptive for women to cease reproduction in old age and instead devote themselves to the enhancement of the reproduction of kin and/or offspring. After an analysis of the genealogies of four families comprising approximately 22,000 individuals spanning a period of 199 years, Mayer suggested that the kin selection hypothesis is correct and states, "As measured by inclusive fitness, adult women who died after age 50 were evolutionarily more successful than adult women who died at earlier ages" (486). Unfortunately, Mayer's demonstration has no bearing on the adaptiveness of menopause. His premature conclusion is a result of a faulty definition of inclusive fitness and an invalid test of the hypothesis. Hamilton (1963, 1964) devised the concept of inclusive fitness to account for certain kinds of behavior (e.g., altruism) that appeared to lower
Experimental study of TiO2 nanoparticle adhesion to silica and Fe(III) oxide-coated silica surfaces

Abstract With the rapid expansion of industrial nanotechnology applications, engineered nanoparticles are being introduced into the environment before the controls on their fate and mobility are fully understood. In this study, we measured the adhesion of TiO 2 nanoparticles onto silica and Fe(III) oxide-coated silica surfaces as a function of pH, nanoparticle concentration, and nanoparticle size. Batch TiO 2 adhesion experiments were conducted at pH 3–8 and 0.01 M NaClO 4 with TiO 2 concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 mg/L. Three TiO 2 size fractions, each containing a range of particle sizes, had initial average diameters of 16, 26, and 50 nm. Silica grains, both uncoated and coated with Fe(III) oxide, were used as the geosorbents. The extent of TiO 2 nanoparticle adhesion increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration, and pH exerted a strong effect on the adhesion behavior of the nanoparticles onto the uncoated silica particles. At and below pH 5, TiO 2 nanoparticle adhesion increased with increasing pH; at pH 6 and above, adhesion occurred independently of pH. In general, the differences in adhesion between the three nanoparticle sizes at a given pH were not large. Within a given size fraction, preferential adhesion of the larger TiO 2 particles was suggested below pH 6, and preferential adhesion of the smaller TiO 2 particles was suggested at and above pH 6. Experiments with the Fe-coated silica grains were conducted only with the 26 nm TiO 2 nanoparticles, and, except at pH 6 where we observed significantly enhanced adhesion to the Fe-coated silica relative to the uncoated silica, the extents of nanoparticle adhesion onto the two geosorbents were the same within experimental uncertainty. The similarity in adhesion behaviors onto solids with such different surface chemistries suggests that the properties of the TiO 2 nanoparticles, such as agglomeration, and not of the mineral surfaces, are primarily responsible for governing adhesion.
Multimodality imaging of lymphocytic migration using lentiviral-based transduction of a tri-fusion reporter gene.

Purpose Previous work showed quantitative imaging of T-cell migration into a tumor site by positron emission tomography (PET), using retroviral transduction of mutated thymidine kinase (sr39TK) reporter genes into immunized T-lymphocytes. Procedures and results In order to improve the sensitivity and flexibility of the imaging analysis, lentivirus, that expressed sr39TK, was used to transduce the lymphocytes that migrated to an immunogenic sarcoma site. In comparison to retrovirally transduced lymphocytes, the lentivirally transduced lymphocytes showed enhanced PET signal when equal numbers of transduced lymphocytes were transferred. Furthermore, in order to utilize multimodality in vivo imaging capability, a tri-fusion reporter gene containing sr39TK, synthetic Renilla luciferase (hRluc), and enhanced green florescent protein (eGFP) was inserted into a lentiviral transfer vector. Using the adoptive transfer model, tumor-specific lymphocytic migration was detected by both microPET scan and bioluminescence imaging. Conclusion The multimodal imaging strategy coupled with lentiviral reporter construct delivery demonstrated here can facilitate future molecular imaging studies.
Attending code status discussions at admission.

To the Editors:—The study by Anderson et al.1 adds to the growing evidence that discussions with seriously ill patients about CPR are often not taking place, and that when they do happen they are mired in jargon and do not include enough consideration of realistic goals of care. As a corrective the authors suggest that code discussions should be targeted at “patients who are at high risk for requiring CPR or having an outcome that is worse than average.” In effect the authors propose a quality of a subset of patients—most likely to arrest and least likely to benefit from resuscitation—as indications for a code status discussion. Though the authors suggest that targeting this cohort will allow fuller discussions about prognosis and overall goals of care where they are most necessary, these discussions will continue to be hijacked as long as the implicit goal is to steer patients toward signing a DNR order. We agree that doctors should be talking with their patients about prognosis and therapeutic options, but we consider the notion of presenting this information in the context of choice about code status ill advised. The invitation to patients to discuss goals of care and code status has become a rhetorical cover for convincing patients that there are no longer any curative therapies available to them. The result is to present dying persons the illusion of choice where often none exists, sending the mixed message that death is at once optional and inevitable. Singling out a particular group of patients as targets of a code discussion consequently only affirms the universal default status of CPR at the same time that it intensifies the troubling message that some patients have an obligation to choose their own death. It is little wonder, therefore, that physicians remain reluctant to engage these matters with their patients. Even if they are not explicitly able to articulate the troubled logic governing the conversation, their reluctance bespeaks a practical awareness that they are sending mixed messages. Ensuring better communication and care of gravely ill patients consequently requires greater questioning of the default status of CPR and the deformation of the meaning of purposeful choice it entails.
Elevated circulating miR-150 and miR-342-3p in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract Background and aims MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression and are thus of interest as diagnostic markers, and as clues to etiology and targets of intervention. This pilot study examined whether circulating miRNAs are differentially expressed in patients with IBS. Methods miRNA microarrays (NanoString) were run on the whole blood of 43 participants. Results hsa-miR-150 and hsa-miR-342-3p were found to be significantly elevated (FDR adjusted p ≤ 0.05, ≥ 1.6 fold change) in IBS patients compared to healthy controls. Neither of these miRNAs showed any relationship to race or sex. hsa-miR-150 is associated with inflammatory bowel disorders and pain, and interacts with a protein kinase (AKT2) through which it may affect inflammatory pathways. hsa-miR-342-3p is predicted to interact with mRNAs involved in pain signaling, colonic motility, and smooth muscle function. Conclusions This preliminary study reports the association of two miRNAs, detected in whole blood, with IBS. These miRNAs link to pain and inflammatory pathways both of which are thought to be dysregulated in IBS. Larger sample sizes are needed to confirm their importance and potential as biomarkers.
Monoamine levels and turnover in brain: relationship to priming actions of estrogen

Norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) levels and turnover rates were studied in 8 discrete brain nuclei of ovariectomized rats 24 hours after the administration of 5 microgram of estradiol benzoate (EB) or sesame oil vehicle. This estrogen paradigm, by itself, did not induce sexual behavior or alter LH levels at the time these parameters were evaluated. However, combined with progesterone, the estrogen treatment was sufficient to generate an LH surge and induce sexual receptivity. Steady state concentrations of NE were significantly higher in the diagonal band of Broca (NDB) and the periventricular nucleus (PVE2; anterior hypothalamic level) following EB treatment. In addition, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5HIAA) concentrations were elevated in the dorsal raphe of EB treated animals. Estrogen did not affect steady state concentrations of DA or 5HT in any of the brain nuclei studied. Turnover rates (K, pg/microgram protein/hr) and rate constants (k, hr-1) for NE were increased in the lateral septum (K, 140%; k, 120%), NDB (K, 160%; k, 130%) and the PVE2 (K, 140%; k, 70%) in EB treated animals. Estrogen decreased the rate constant for NE by 30% in the medial preoptic area. In contrast, DA and 5HT turnover rates were not significantly affected by estrogen. These results localize sites where estrogen induces changes in noradrenergic activity and suggest that these changes may be involved in the priming action of the steroid in inducing sexual behavior and/or gonadotropin secretion.
An Examination of Content Overlap and Disorder-Specific Predictions in the Associations of Neuroticism with Anxiety and Depression

This study examines whether content overlap artificially inflates estimates of the associations of emotional disorders with neuroticism and whether disorder-specificity of prediction exists. We demonstrated a statistical approach for testing the validity of hypothesized facets of neuroticism. In a sample of 627 adolescents, we indentified six facets of neuroticism, one intermediate facet, and a general neuroticism factor (GNF). Only the GNF and the depression facet were significantly associated with depressive symptomatology. The GNF and all facets significantly predicted anxiety symptomatology. This study offers a new statistical approach for addressing content overlap, testing for disorder specific prediction and identifying facets of a broad personality trait, while indicating that content overlap does not largely explain the associations of neuroticism with psychopathology.
Comment on 'Energy flow in a bound electromagnetic field: resolution of apparent paradoxes'

We show that the conclusion in the paper (Kholmetskii and Yarman 2008 Eur. J. Phys. 29 1135–46) that there is a paradox in Poynting's theorem for a moving charged particle is wrong. Contrary to the claim in their paper, there is no need to modify the standard form of the Poynting vector for this case, and their proposed modification is wrong.
Egg fertility and prolactin as determinants of reproductive recycling in doves

Abstract When a pair of male and female ring doves in breeding condition is introduced in a breeding cage containing a nest bowl and a supply of nesting material, a regular and predictable sequence of behavioral changes can be observed. A complete breeding cycle consists of courtship and nesting (7–10 days), incubation (14–15 days), and parental care (21 days). A new cycle (recycling) starts following the departure of the fledglings. This study concerns itself with the occurrence of recycling before completion of a breeding cycle, with a special reference to the fertility of eggs. The fertility of eggs before and after oviposition regulates the timing of recycling. Laying infertile eggs as a result of having mated with impotent males (castrated + oil or castrated + testosterone proprionate) and then sitting on such eggs led to a 100% recycling with the shortest latency. In contrast, no doves recycled in the normal breeding pairs (females paired with intact males) until eggs were hatched and squabs fledged. For bird laying fertile eggs and sitting on infertile eggs or vice versa, half recycled, while the other half did not. The possibility that prolactin plays a role in mediating the onset of recycling was tested, and the significance of the results was discussed.
Amorphous silicon solar cell on textured tempered glass substrate prepared by sandblast process

Abstract The surface morphology and the optical property of sandblasted glasses and the photovoltaic property of amorphous-silicon solar cells fabricated on them were investigated. The results suggest that the cell performance is related to the surface micro roughness of glass substrate, especially the short period undulation and the surface fractal dimension. Consequently, the amorphous-silicon solar cell on the tempered glass substrate which had the short-circuit current of 14.26 mA/cm2 and the efficiency of 8.00% was obtained.
CHAT-IT: Toward Conceptualizing Learning in the Context of Formal Organizations:

This article is intended to spark a discussion between two research communities—scholars who study learning and scholars who study educational organizations. A secondary purpose is to encourage researchers to look beyond schools to examine learning in other types of educational organizations. The authors outline a framework to guide research on the relationship between learning and the social contexts afforded by formal organizations. The framework combines elements of cultural historical activity theory, a sociocultural theory of learning, and institutional theory, which is a constructivist theory of organization. The authors employ preliminary findings from research and secondary historical accounts to illustrate the potential of the framework for guiding research that ties learning to contexts in formal organizations.
Laboratory experiments on the structure of subducted lithosphere

Abstract Mantle seismic tomography images indicate a variety of shapes for slabs of oceanic lithosphere subducted into the transition zone. In the vicinity of the 660 km discontinuity both horizontally deflected slabs and nearly vertical slabs have been inferred at subduction zones on the Pacific and Indian plates. Here we determine experimentally the behavior of a cold, negatively buoyant and highly viscous slab incident on a fluid interface with a viscosity and a density increase. The experiments are scaled to mantle conditions, with realistic subduction Peclet number, ratio of trench migration to subduction velocities, and physical properties of the interface. A wide range of slab deformation styles is observed when slight changes in the parameters are imposed. Sinking slab, stagnant slab, spreading slab, sinking pile and stagnant pile represent the five different modes identified. We show that these deformation modes are governed by two velocity ratios, which characterize the horizontal and the vertical components of the slab velocity near the interface. Slab penetration into the lower layer takes the form of folded slab piles for large values of the velocity ratios, and stagnant behavior is promoted by rapid retrograde trench motion. The sensitivity of slab behavior to transition zone density and viscosity changes and to trench migration can account for the coexistence of different modes of deformation in subducted lithosphere.
The Role of Pigmentation, Ultraviolet Radiation Tolerance, and Leaf Colonization Strategies in the Epiphytic Survival of Phyllosphere Bacteria

Phenotypic mechanisms that enhance bacterial UVR survival typically include pigmentation and DNA repair mechanisms which provide protection from UVA and UVB wavelengths, respectively. In this study, we examined the contribution of pigmentation to field survival in Clavibacter michiganensis and evaluated differences in population dynamics and leaf colonization strategies. Two C. michiganensis pigment-deficient mutants were significantly reduced in UVA radiation survival in vitro; one of these mutants also exhibited reduced field populations on peanut when compared to the wild-type strain over the course of replicate 25-day experiments. The UVR-tolerant C. michiganensis strains G7.1 and G11.1 maintained larger epiphytic field populations on peanut compared to the UVR-sensitive C. michiganensis T5.1. Epiphytic field populations of C. michiganensis utilized the strategy of solar UVR avoidance during leaf colonization resulting in increased strain survival on leaves after UVC irradiation. These results further demonstrate the importance of UVR tolerance in the ability of bacterial strains to maintain population size in the phyllosphere. However, an examination of several bacterial species from the peanut phyllosphere and a collection of environmental Pseudomonas spp. revealed that sensitivity to UVA and UVC radiation was correlated in some but not all of these bacteria. These results underscore a need to further understand the biological effects of different solar wavelength groups on microbial ecology.
G/M dither or color dither from monochrome dither matrices

In this paper we propose a simple method to obtain a Cartesian color dither-screen from a given monochrome dither-screen. The monochrome dot placement pattern (e.g. cluster or scatter), as well as its frequency domain features are maintained, while optimizing for color quality. Color quality is measured against the Minimal Brightness Variation Criterion.
A bispecific dsDNA×monoclonal antibody construct for clearance of anti-dsDNA IgG in systemic lupus erythematosus

High avidity anti-dsDNA IgG antibodies are believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and therefore attempts have been made to reduce the concentration of these antibodies in the bloodstream of SLE patients. Previously we reported the development of an antigen based heteropolymer (AHP), a bispecific complex prepared by using the avidin-biotin system to crosslink dsDNA to a mAb specific for the human erythrocyte (E) complement receptor. Our studies indicated that this AHP could bind anti-dsDNA antibodies to E and facilitate clearance of these autoantibodies from the circulation of a monkey without E destruction. Here we report an improved covalent crosslinking procedure and purification scheme in which the AHP construct is isolated by precipitation in 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. We used a dsDNA binding dye, PicoGreen, to demonstrate specificity of binding of dsDNA to E via the AHP. The efficacy of the AHP in binding IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies to E was demonstrated in a sensitive and quantitative assay, based on the time resolved fluorescence properties of europium-labeled anti-human IgG mAbs used to probe the E. We also used this assay to screen SLE patient and normal plasmas for levels of anti-dsDNA IgG. The results of this assay correlate very well with the Farr assay, and therefore this approach may be useful in the development of informative and specific assays for a variety of autoantibodies. Treatment of SLE plasmas with E-AHP under conditions close to physiological led to substantial reductions (> or = 90%) in anti-dsDNA titers. It should be possible to test these new AHP for their ability to target and safely remove IgG anti-dsDNA antibodies from the circulation in animal models.
Export Performance and Export-Import Linkage Requirements

This paper examines the resource allocation effects of two policies widely employed by developing countries to improve their trade balances. Compared to free-trade, both export performance and export-import linkage policies may actually worsen the balance of trade unless they are coupled with an import barrier on final goods. Even with such barriers, an export-import linkage policy still may not cause the trade balance to improve. The effects of both policies on a number of domestic variables are discussed. Profit and output of domestic exporters can increase under trade performance policies.
Herpesvirus entry mediator is a serotype specific determinant of pathogenesis in ocular herpes

Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 is initiated by viral glycoprotein D (gD) binding to a receptor on the host cell. Two receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) and nectin-1, mediate entry in murine models of HSV-1 and HSV-2. HVEM is dispensable for HSV-2 infection of the vagina and brain, but is required for WT pathogenesis of HSV-1 infection of the cornea. By challenging WT and HVEM KO mice with multiple strains of HSV-1 and HSV-2, we demonstrate that without HVEM, all HSV-1 strains tested do not replicate well in the cornea and infection does not result in severe symptoms, as observed in WT mice. In contrast, all HSV-2 strains tested had no requirement for HVEM to replicate to WT levels in the cornea and still cause severe disease. These findings imply that HSV-2 does not require HVEM to cause disease regardless of route of entry, but HVEM must be present for HSV-1 to cause full pathogenesis in the eye. These findings uncover a unique role for HVEM in mediating HSV-1 infection in an area innervated by the trigeminal ganglion and may explain why the presence of HVEM can lead to severe inflammation in the cornea. Thus, the dependence on HVEM is a dividing point between HSV-1 and HSV-2 that evolved to infect areas innervated by different sensory ganglia.
Learn about communicating with Congress at Fall Meeting lunch workshop

Are you interested in science policy and curious about how you can use your expertise to help inform policy makers? Come to a luncheon event at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco to learn how you can better inform legislators. The “Communicating With Congress” workshop will emphasize that good policy is informed by good science. As a scientist, you have every reason to establish a relationship with your legislators. At the event, AGU's 2009–2010 Congressional Science Fellow, Maeve Boland, will use her experience as a scientist and legislative staff member to teach you how to effectively share your science with local and national policy makers.
Rural Print Media Portrayal of Secondhand Smoke and Smoke-Free Policy

The purpose of this paper is to describe how the print media portrays secondhand smoke and smoke-free policy in rural communities. Baseline print media clips from an ongoing 5-year study of smoke-free policy development in 40 rural communities were analyzed. We hypothesized that community population size would be positively associated with media favorability toward smoke-free policy. Conversely, pounds of tobacco produced and adult smoking prevalence would be negatively associated with media favorability icy. There was a positive correlation between population size and percent of articles favorable toward smoke-free policy. We did not find a correlation between adult smoking or tobacco produced and media favorability toward smoke-free policy, but we did find a positive relationship between tobacco produced and percent pro-tobacco articles and a negative relationship between adult smoking prevalence and percent of articles about health/comfort. Implications for targeting pro-health media in rural communities as well as policy-based initiatives for tobacco control are discussed.
Patch testing in an aged population without dermatitis: High prevalance of patch test positivity

Background: Epidermal immune function has been observed to decline in the aged. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and relevance of patch test reactivity in an aged population without dermatitis and compare this with patch test reactivity in healthy younger volunteers. Methods: Patch testing with the North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard tray was performed on 82 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 68 to 87 years (mean age, 75 years), and the results were compared with those of 41 healthy younger volunteers (mean age, 24 years). A questionnaire regarding cutaneous symptoms was administered to both groups. Results: Thirty subjects in the older population (37%) had one or more positive patch test results compared with 6 members of the control group (15%) (P = .01). Common sensitizers in the older group included balsam of Peru (7 [9%]), fragrance (8 [10%]), neomycin (6 [7%]), nickel (5 [6%]), and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (3 [4%]). A history of severe pruritus (without dermatitis) was associated with positive patch test results to balsam of Peru and nickel. Conclusion: A high prevalence of positive patch test results in an aged population without dermatitis was observed. Factors contributing to the high prevalence of patch test reactivity in the aged population may include cumulative exposure to potential allergens over time, a preserved ability to develop contact allergy, and altered percutaneous absorption. Patch testing in the aged must be interpreted carefully because the results may relate to past rather than present relevance.
The almost complete hepatic extraction of propranolol during intravenous administration in the dog

Abstract The extraction of intravenously administered propranolol by the liver has been measured directly in the dog. The hepatic extraction was greater than 90% at systemic blood concentrations which would produce maximal blockade of endogenous s-adrenergic stimulation.
The generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities

Identifying the generators of paratransit trips by persons with disabilities is important to comprehend the current demand patterns and forecast future demand. Only a handful of studies have been conducted so far to identify the generators of paratransit trips and most focused on the home end of the trips. Given some of the inconsistencies in past studies and the scarcity of studies on the generators of trips away from home, this study attempts to identify the generators of paratransit trips beginning and ending at clients’ homes and away from home. It uses an extremely large dataset consisting of 1.91 million trips made by NJ TRANSIT’s Access Link clients, socioeconomic data from the American Community Survey, employment data from the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, and establishment data from Dun and Bradstreet. The analytical methods include an ordinary least squares model (OLS) and several spatial generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to identify the characteristics of census block groups associated with Access Link trip generation at home and away from home, Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis to identify the types of establishments located in the immediate vicinity of drop-offs, and a multinomial logit model (MNL) to examine the relationship between the characteristics of the establishments in the vicinity of drop-offs and the characteristics of the dropped-off clients. Together, the various analyses provide useful insights about paratransit trip generators at the macro and micro levels. Some implications of the findings are discussed.
(Un)Happily Ever after: Fairy Tale Morals, Moralities, and Heterosexism in Children's Texts.

ABSTRACT This essay explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual manifestations of heterosexism in childhood education. While there is abundant children's literature dealing with gay and lesbian parents of presumably straight children, little exists in this literature that directly addresses a child's developing gay, lesbian, or bisexual orientations. The author argues that rampant heteronormalcy in children's texts must be challenged just as feminists and multiculturalists challenge the moral and social prescriptions of “conventional” master narratives. Sociological and psychological studies substantiate that children's toys, games, cartoons, songs, and books affect children's perceptions of themselves and their world; this essay therefore reminds that “traditional” fairy tales and nursery rhymes are potent cultural markers that substantively impact childhood and by extension adult feelings of self-worth and legitimacy.