cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translational Success Stories: Angiotensin Receptor 1 Antagonists in Heart Failure

The title of the proposed series of reviews is Translational Success Stories. The definition of "translation" according to Webster is, "an act, process, or instance of translating as a rendering of one language into another." In the context of this inaugural review, it is the translation of Tigerstedt's and Bergman's(1) discovery in 1898 of the vasoconstrictive effects of an extract of rabbit kidney to the treatment of heart failure. As recounted by Marks and Maxwell,(2) their discovery was heavily influenced by the original experiments of the French physiologist Brown-Sequard, who was the author of the doctrine that "many organs dispense substances into the blood which are not ordinary waste products, but have specific functions." They were also influenced by Bright's(3) original observation that linked kidney disease with hypertension with the observation that patients dying with contracted kidneys often exhibited a hard, full pulse and cardiac hypertrophy. However, from Tigerstedt's initial discovery, there was a long and arduous transformation of ideas and paradigms that eventually translated to clinical applications. Although the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of hypertension and heart failure was suspected through the years, beneficial effects from its blockade were not realized until the early 1970s. Thus, this story starts with a short historical perspective that provides the reader some insight and appreciation into the long delay in translation.
Carbon cycle research after Kyoto

Recent progress in research of the global carbon cycle is reviewed and research needs for the immediate future are discussed, in light of the challenge posed to society to come to grips with the problem of man-made climate change. The carbon cycle in the oceans and on the land is reviewed, and how the atmosphere functions to couple them together. Major uncertainties still exist for any projection of the future atmospheric burden of carbon dioxide resulting from postulated emission scenarios of CO2. We present some ideas on how future policies designed to limit emissions or to sequester carbon can possibly be supported by scientific evidence of their effectiveness.
Measurement of time-evolving electronically steerable radiation patterns at fast timescales by a sampling technique

Modern electrically steerable antennas have the ability to evolve their far-field radiation pattern on nanosecond timescales. The transient radiation that occurs during this evolution cannot be captured by conventional radiation pattern measurements, which take at least several minutes to complete. We present a temporal and spatial sampling method of measuring the rapid temporal evolution of an electronically steerable antenna's near- and far-field radiation pattern, which allows for time-domain measurement of the radiation pattern of an antenna at relevantly short timescales and over an arbitrarily large solid angle. An experimental validation of the method is reported, in which an azimuth-plane measurement of a phased-array antenna captures the transient far-field radiation pattern as the antenna switches its main-beam scanning angle with 7-nanosecond time resolution.
Perceived Parent-Child Relationships: A Comparison between Amish and Non-Amish Young Adults:

This study compared the perceived parental behavior characteristics of 25 Amish and 25 non-Amish youth using the Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire (PCR). The Amish group's perception of their fathers, behavioral characteristics, as compared to the perception of behavioral characteristics for non-Amish parents, differed significantly on several measures of the parent-child relationships. The Amish mothers and fathers were perceived as being less rejecting, less neglecting, less casual, less likely to reward directly and less likely to use symbolic methods of punishment. And, further, the Amish fathers were perceived as being more loving than the non-Amish fathers and the Amish mothers were viewed as being less likely to reward symbolically when compared to the non-Amish mothers. The results were discussed in light of the Amish culture.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Is a Prosurvival Signal for the Maintenance of Human Mast Cell Homeostasis

Homeostasis of mature tissue-resident mast cells is dependent on the relative activation of pro- and antiapoptotic regulators. In this study, we investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the survival of neoplastic and nonneoplastic human mast cells. GSK3β was observed to be phosphorylated at the Y216 activating residue under resting conditions in both the neoplastic HMC1.2 cell line and in peripheral blood-derived primary human mast cells (HuMCs), suggesting constitutive activation of GSK3β in these cells. Lentiviral-transduced short hairpin RNA knockdown of GSK3β in both the HMC1.2 cells and HuMCs resulted in a significant reduction in cell survival as determined with the MTT assay. The decrease in stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated survival in the GSK3β knockdown HuMCs was reflected by enhancement of SCF withdrawal-induced apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V staining and caspase cleavage, and this was associated with a pronounced reduction in SCF-mediated phosphorylation of Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 and ERK1/2 and reduced expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. These data show that GSK3β is an essential antiapoptotic factor in both neopastic and nontransformed primary human mast cells through the regulation of SCF-mediated Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 and ERK activation. Our data suggest that targeting of GSK3β with small m.w. inhibitors such as CHIR 99021 may thus provide a mechanism for limiting mast cell survival and subsequently decreasing the intensity of the allergic inflammatory response.
Molecular evolution of a long wavelength-sensitive opsin in mimetic Heliconius butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

This study examines the pattern of opsin nucleotide and amino acid substitution among mimetic species «rings» of Heliconius butterflies that are characterized by divergent wing colour patterns. A long wavelength opsin gene, OPS1, was sequenced from each of seven species of Heliconius and one species of Dryas (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). A parsimony analysis of OPS1 nucleotide and amino acid sequences resulted in a phylogeny that was consistent with that presented by Brower & Egan in 1997, which was based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I andII as well as nuclear wingless genes. Nodes in the OPS1 phylogeny were well supported by bootstrap analysis and decay indices. An analysis of specific sites within the gene indicates that the accumulation of amino acid substitutions has occurred independently of the morphological diversification of Heliconius wing colour patterns. Amino acid substitutions were examined with respect to their location within the opsin protein and their possible interactions with the chromophore and the G-protein. Of the 15 amino acid substitutions identified among the eight species, one nonconservative replacement (A226Q) was identified in a position that may be involved in binding with the G-protein.
Using packrat middens to assess grazing effects on vegetation change

Research on grazing effects usually compares the same sites through time or grazed and ungrazed sites over the same time period. Both approaches are complicated in arid environments where grazing can have a long undocumented history and landscapes can be spatially heterogenous. This work employs both approaches simultaneously by comparing grazed and ungrazed samples through both time and space using fossil plant macrofossils and pollen from packrat middens. A series of 27 middens, spanning from 995 yr BP to the present, were collected from Glen Canyon in southeastern Utah, USA. These middens detail vegetation change just prior to, and following, the historical introduction of domesticated grazers and also compares assemblages from nearby ungrazable mesas. Pre-grazing middens, and modern middens from ungrazed areas, record more native grasses, native herbs, and native shrubs such as Rhus trilobata, Amelanchier utahensis, and Shepherdia rotundifolia than modern middens from grazed areas. Ordinations demonstrate that site-to-site variability is more important than any temporal changes, making selection of comparable grazed versus ungrazed study treatments difficult. But within similar sites, the changes through time show that grazing lowered the number of taxa recorded, and lessened the pre-existing site differences, homogenizing the resultant plant associations in this desert grassland. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Kindergarten Reading Engagement: An Investigation of Teacher Ratings

ABSTRACT This study examined psychometric properties of the Kindergarten Reading Engagement Scale (KRES), a brief teacher-report measure of classroom reading engagement. Participants were 27 students with identified reading deficits from a predominantly low-income, African-American community. Data were collected in kindergarten (Time 1) and first grade (Time 2). The KRES demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .96) and modest test-retest reliability (r = .66). KRES ratings were significantly correlated with scores from the Word Reading subtest of the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test-Second Edition and the Sound Matching subtest of the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing, measured at Time 1 and Time 2. Strategies for refining the scale and implications for applying the KRES in school-based program evaluations are discussed.
Reducing Power Consumption for High-Associativity Data Caches in Embedded Processors

Modern embedded processors use data caches with higher and higher degrees of associativity in order to increase performance. A set-associative data cache consumes a significant fraction of the total power budget in such embedded processors. This paper describes a technique for reducing the D-cache power consumption and shows its impact on power and performance of an embedded processor. The technique utilizes cache line address locality to determine (rather than predict) the cache way prior to the cache access. It thus allows only the desired way to be accessed for both tags and data. The proposed mechanism is shown to reduce the average L1 data cache power consumption when running the MiBench embedded benchmark suite for 8, 16 and 32-way set-associate caches by, respectively, an average of 66%, 72% and 76%. The absolute power savings from this technique increase significantly with associativity. The design has no impact on performance and, given that it does not have mis-prediction penalties, it does not introduce any new non-deterministic behavior in program execution.
The Induced Stabilization of Aqueous Pectin Dispersions by Ethanol

The potential antagonism between dispersed pectin and ethanol, in the presence of sodium chloride and/or tartaric acid, was examined through constants of the Huggins equation. It was found that ethanol (10% and 15%) indefinitely stabilized a 0.10% pectin dispersion containing 0.070 total molal concentration of electrolytes. The data and their interpretation imply favorable prospects for functionality and storage of alcoholic foods and beverages containing edible quantities of salt and acid.
Lagrangian-Eulerian methods for multiphase flows

Abstract This review article aims to provide a comprehensive and understandable account of the theoretical foundation, modeling issues, and numerical implementation of the Lagrangian–Eulerian (LE) approach for multiphase flows. The LE approach is based on a statistical description of the dispersed phase in terms of a stochastic point process that is coupled with a Eulerian statistical representation of the carrier fluid phase. A modeled transport equation for the particle distribution function — also known as Williams' spray equation in the case of sprays — is indirectly solved using a Lagrangian particle method. Interphase transfer of mass, momentum and energy are represented by coupling terms that appear in the Eulerian conservation equations for the fluid phase. This theoretical foundation is then used to develop LE sub-models for interphase interactions such as momentum transfer. Every LE model implies a corresponding closure in the Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid theory, and these moment equations are derived. Approaches to incorporate multiscale interactions between particles (or spray droplets) and turbulent eddies in the carrier gas that result in better predictions of particle (or droplet) dispersion are described. Numerical convergence of LE implementations is shown to be crucial to the success of the LE modeling approach. It is shown how numerical convergence and accuracy of an LE implementation can be established using grid-free estimators and computational particle number density control algorithms. This review of recent advances establishes that LE methods can be used to solve multiphase flow problems of practical interest, provided sub-models are implemented using numerically convergent algorithms. These insights also provide the foundation for further development of Lagrangian methods for multiphase flows. Extensions to the LE method that can account for neighbor particle interactions and preferential concentration of particles in turbulence are outlined.
McREL Leadership Responsibilities through the Lens of Data: The Critical Nine.

In the United States, the beginning of the┬a 21st century also ushered in a new era of school accountability and reform with the No Child Left Behind Act [NCLB] (US Department of Education, 2010). Although the law is no longer in effect, the district and school level accountability that it brought remains. The accountability and need for ongoing improvement rest squarely on the shoulders of school principals, many of whom have no skill sets or experience with the use of data to improve student outcomes. This article utilizes the research studies and findings from the Mid-Continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL) lab, in order to examine those leadership responsibilities intertwined with the use of data to improve student achievement. McREL has identified 21 leadership responsibilities that describe the knowledge and skills school leaders need to positively impact student achievement.┬a This analysis focuses on the McREL leadership responsibilities with an effect size of .25 or higher that require a focus on data. The use of hard and soft data to focus improvement is then analyzed and expanded upon through the McREL lens. ┬a ┬a
Determination of failure frequency indices from state space decomposition

This paper describes a technique for the determination of frequency and duration indices, in the steady state, of discrete capacity systems, using the method of state space decomposition. For the first time direct, closed form expressions are developed and presented, and an efficient implementation is outlined. The approach is illustrated by means of a numerical example and validated using an enumeration-based method.
Intrawound vancomycin powder eradicates surgical wound contamination: An in vivo rabbit study

Background: Surgical site infection remains a complication of spine surgery despite routine use of prophylactic antibiotics. Retrospective clinical studies of intrawound vancomycin use have documented a decreased prevalence of surgical site infection after spine surgery. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of intrawound vancomycin powder in terms of eradicating a known bacterial surgical site contamination in a rabbit spine surgery model. Methods: Twenty New Zealand White rabbits underwent lumbar partial laminectomy and wire implantation. The surgical sites were inoculated, prior to closure, by injecting 100 μL of cefazolin-sensitive and vancomycin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (1 × 108 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) into the wound. Preoperative cefazolin was administered to all rabbits, and vancomycin powder (100 mg) was placed into the wound of ten rabbits prior to closure. The rabbits were killed on postoperative day four, and tissue and wire samples were obtained for bacteriologic assessment. An independent samples t test was used to assess mean group differences, and a Fisher exact test was used to assess differences in categorical variables. Results: The vancomycin-treated and the control rabbits were similar in weight (mean [and standard deviation], 4.1 ± 0.5 kg and 4.0 ± 0.4 kg, respectively; p = 0.60) and sex distribution and had similar durations of surgery (21.7 ± 7.7 minutes and 16.9 ± 6.7 minutes; p = 0.15). The bacterial cultures of the surgical site tissues were negative for all ten vancomycin-treated rabbits and positive for all ten control rabbits (p < 0.0001). Bacterial growth occurred in thirty-nine of forty samples from the control group but in zero of forty samples from the vancomycin group (p < 0.0001). All blood and liver samples were sterile. No rabbit had evidence of sepsis or vancomycin toxicity. Gross examination of the surgical sites showed no differences between the groups. Conclusions: In a rabbit spine-infection model, intrawound vancomycin powder in combination with preoperative cefazolin eliminated S. aureus surgical site contamination. All rabbits that were managed with only prophylactic cefazolin had persistent S. aureus contamination. Clinical Relevance: This animal study supports the findings in prior clinical reports that intrawound vancomycin powder helps reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Joseph and His Brothers: A Biblical Paradigm for the Optimal Handling of Traumatic Stress

The long-lasting effects of emotional trauma and the important role of unconscious emotional defenses have become increasingly recognized only in the past century. Yet their role is actually manifest, although still overlooked, in one of the most well-known of biblical stories. This paper presents the story of Joseph and his brothers, and the important lessons it teaches about unconscious defenses and the optimal handling of emotional trauma.
Environmental Systems Microbiology of Contaminated Environments

Environmental Systems Microbiology is well positioned to move forward in dynamic complex system analysis probing new questions and developing new insight into the function, robustness and resilience in response to anthropogenic perturbations. Recent studies have demonstrated that natural bacterial communities can be used as quantitative biosensors in both groundwater and deep ocean water, predicting oil concentration from the Gulf of Mexico Deep Water Horizon spill and from groundwater at nuclear production waste sites (16, 17, 25). Since the first demonstration of catabolic gene expression in soil remediation (34) it has been clear that extension beyond organismal abundance to process and function of microbial communities as a whole using the whole suite of omic tools available to the post genomic era. Metatranscriptomics have been highlighted as a prime vehicle for understanding responses to environmental drivers (35) in complex systems and with rapidly developing metabolomics, full functional understanding of complex community biogeochemical cycling is an achievable goal. Perhaps more exciting is the dynamic nature of these systems and their complex adaptive strategies that may lead to new control paradigms and emergence of new states and function in the course of a changing environment.
An Experimental Study of the So-Called Liver Death Syndrome in Biliary Surgery

A series of experiments was undertaken with the idea of reproducing in experimental animals the clinical and postmortem findings observed in so-called “liver deaths” after biliary surgery, to which Heyd1 first called attention. Such deaths fall into 2 distinct groups. In the first group death occurs shortly after operation, hyperpyrexia is the outstanding symptom, and degenerative liver changes are the only notable autopsy finding. In the second group death is deferred for 10 to 14 days, uremic symptoms predominate, and autopsy reveals the liver changes just described, plus similar degenerative changes in the convoluted tubules of the kidney. None of the usual surgical causes of death is apparent.Ten sets of experiments were performed upon dogs whose renal competency was assured by detailed preoperative studies. The following experiments failed to reproduce the clinical and postmortem pictures desired:1. Traumatic necrosis of the liver by various manual and instrumental methods. Eight dogs.2. Various type...
Studies on the culture of Endamoeba histolytica.

Summary and Conclusions1. A heat-stable (100°C for 4 hours), dialyzable substance has been demonstrated in the protein-free fraction of human serum. This substance is essential to the growth of the NRS strain of E. histolytica in egg white buffer infusion medium containing starch. 2. Partially deproteinized filtrate of human serum diluted in an equal volume of M/15 buffer, with rice starch added, constitutes a simple medium for the propagation of E. histolytica. 3. Rice starch appears to act as a temporary inhibitor to bacterial multiplication in these cultures. Such suppression leads to more satisfactory growth of the amebae present. 4. Study of the biology of the bacteria in these cultures may give further information concerning the complex metabolic requirements of E. histolytica.
36 RADON AWARENESS IN AFTON, WYOMING.

Purpose of Study Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the US, yet public awareness is lacking regarding the health risk associated with radon. Based on the information provided by the Wyoming Department of Health, homes in Afton, Wyoming have significantly elevated levels of radon. A community health project was designed to increase awareness concerning radon and to encourage the community to test their residences9 for radon. Methods A literature review was conducted to determine relevant information for community education regarding radon. Two presentations were developed and presented. One presentation was given to local family physicians and other health care providers and another to community residents. In addition, health information brochures were obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency and provided to local public health department and the community clinic for dissemination to the general public. Both radio and television public service announcements were produced and an article was published in the local newspaper. Results The educational presentations were well received by the specific target audiences. The multifaceted educational efforts filled a deficiency concerning a local public health hazard. The 2 weeks prior to the community project 5 radon test kits were distributed from the public health office, and in the 2 weeks following the project, 70 test kits were distributed. Conclusion Due to several unique characteristics of radon, a majority of the public fails to view radon as a significant health risk. A greater effort should be made to inform the public about radon. This community health project has increased radon awareness and encouraged residents to take action to reduce their exposure to radon in the home.
Computer simulations of enzymatic reactions: Current Opinion in Structural Biology 1992, 2:230–236

Abstract Computer-simulation approaches can shed light on the detailed relationship between the structure of proteins and their functions. The use of such approaches in studies of enzymatic reactions and related problems has increased significantly in recent years, and we are probably entering a period where the origin of the enormous catalytic power of enzymes will be gradually understood on a quantitative level. This review considers the main problems associated with realistic simulations of enzymatic reactions and the current state of this exciting field.
Experiment Study of Stack Anticorrosion Measures after Wet FGD

The characteristics and corrosiveness of the flue gas after wet FGD significantly affect working conditions and anticorrosion measures of stacks. By introducing commonly used anticorrosion materials and performing comparative trail studies, anticorrosion materials and measures suitable for stacks after wet FGD were searched in this paper.
A self-adaptive algorithm to defeat text-based CAPTCHA

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) is almost everywhere in data entry due to automated scripts like bots. Nowadays, text-based scheme is still applied most widely, which typically need the users to answer questions regarding recognition task. In particular, the segmentations of different types of CAPTCHAs are not always the same. As so far, there isn't any universal way to solve the segmentation problems. In this paper, we present a novel adaptive algorithm and based on that we create a system to defeat several CAPTCHAs at the same time. The CAPTCHA datasets we used are from the State Administration for Industry&Commerce of the People's Republic of China. There are totally 33 entrances of CAPTCHAs we need to solve. In this experiments, we assume that each of the entrance is known. Results are provided showing how our algorithms work well towards these CAPTCHAs.
In Vivo Metabolism of a Mutant Apolipoprotein A-I (ARG-26) Associated with Hereditary Amyloidosis

In the Iowa kindred with amyloidosis (FAP III) the amyloid fibrils contain a variant of apolipoprotein A-I with a Gly to Arg change at position 26. Gene carriers detected by direct DNA testing have hypoalphalipoproteinemia. To investigate a possible role of this finding in amyloid pathogenesis, normal and variant apoA-I metabolism was studied in two gene carriers and two controls125 Kinetic analysis of simultaneously injected I-apoA-I. Arg-26 and 131 I-apoA-I Normal revealed markedly faster catabolism of the variant when compared to normal in both of the gene carriers and control subjects. Residence times for the variant apoA-I was 1.7 and 1.8 in the two study subjects compared to 1.6 and 2.1 days in the two control subjects. Residence times for A-I in the study subjects were 3.6 and 3.5 days compared to 4.7 and Normal 4.9 days in the two controls. These data show an increased catabolism of the variant apoA-I in both the heterozygous subjects and the controls and, in addition, show an increased catabolism of A-I Normal in the heterozygous gene carriers wher, compared to normal subjects. This increase in catabolic rate may explain the hypoalphalipoproteinemia and be a significant factor in the synthesis of amyloid fibrils.
The impact of SST biases on projections of anthropogenic climate change: A greater role for atmosphere-only models?

There is large uncertainty in the model simulation of regional climate change from anthropogenic forcing. Recent studies have tried to link such uncertainty to intermodel differences in the pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) change. On the other hand, coupled climate models also contain systematic biases in their climatology, largely due to drift in SSTs. To the extent that the projected changes depend on the mean state, biases in the present-day climatology also contribute to the intermodel spread in climate change projections. By comparing atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations using the climatological SSTs from different coupled models, we show that biases in the climatological SST generally have a larger impact on regional projections over land than do intermodel differences in the pattern of SST change. These results advocate for a greater application of AGCM simulations with observed SSTs or flux-adjusted coupled models to improve regional projections of anthropogenic climate change.
Predictors of Von Willebrand Disease In Children: A Case-Control Study

Abstract 712 Background: Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the single most common congenital bleeding disorder. The Tosetto Bleeding Score (BS), a quantitative measure of bleeding, has improved specificity of diagnosis, but symptoms are variable, and, among children a diagnosis of VWD may be missed as they may not have lived long enough to experience symptoms on which the score is based. As many as 25% of affected children come to clinical attention after postoperative bleeding: thus, a better diagnostic tool is needed in children. A Tosetto BS modified for children by one additional question on early life bleeding, known as the James BS, has been validated for a small cohort of VWD children, but its utility in type 1 VWD diagnosed by the 2008 NHLBI-defined VWF:RCo Methods: We conducted a case-control study to determine predictors of VWD in children younger than 11 years of age. Cases included 40 children with VWF:RCo Results: Group A included 52% male, 90% Caucasian, and age 7.5 years (median), not different from Group B, p=0.91, p=0.67, and p=0.26; or controls, p=0.90; p=1.00, and p=0.78, respectively. The median Tosetto BS in Group A was 2, greater than in controls, median 0, p 1, 2) a family history of VWD or bleeding, 3) a personal history of iron deficiency (by history and/or MCV 1, was also predictive of VWD, p 1, was predictive of VWD, p Conclusion: The AUC for the Tosetto bleeding score for diagnosing VWD in children Disclosures: Kulkarni:Novo Nordisk: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Participate in clinical trials. Yee:Novo Nordisk: Consultant. Ragni:Novo Nordisk, Inc.: Research Support for this study.
Image of the month: Left ventricular aneurysm.

An 86-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a history of worsening breathlessness for 3 days and decreased level of consciousness. On examination, she was drowsy, in respiratory distress, tachycardic and hypotensive. On auscultation of the chest, crackles were heard in the
Numerical Experience with Parallel Algorithms for Solving the BMI Problem

Abstract This paper presents numerical computations for solving the BMI problem. Four global algorithms including two parallel algorithms are employed to solve the BMI problem by a sequence of concave minimization problems or d.c. programs via concave programming. The parallel algorithms with or based on a suitable partition of an initial enclosing ployhedron are more efficient than the serial ones. Computational experiences are reported for randomly generated BMI problems of small size.
Environmental Effects on Natural Tissues

The origins of aging are manifested in the form of compositional changes in tissue that can affect normal physiology. Examples that are presented include the deposition of plaques within arterial walls that lead to hypertension and other cardiovascular risks, age-related kidney disease that is essentially a cumulative plugging of the cardiovascular filtration system, chronic obesity, and osteoporosis which work in tandem to overstress the bones and joints of those who are both overweight and of advanced age. Aging also leads to a redistribution of subcutaneous fat that can lead to wrinkles, and there are also clearly differences in wound healing capacity with age as well. A critical assessment of how aging manifest manifests itself in the form of conditions as opposed to diseases is presented and how they are both characterized and accommodated is included.
Cellular Mechanisms of Ascending Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract Localized dilation of the ascending aorta is known as ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA). It is a worldwide disease, where the ascending aorta further progresses to tissue rupture and ultimately to death. A localized ascending aortic region undergoes many morphological changes that lead to abnormal functioning of the tissue. Currently, the treatment is limited to surgery. Lack of a direct pharmacological therapy for this disease makes it an utmost importance to unravel the underlying mechanisms of AAA. A major cause of AAA is due to variations occurring at the cellular level. To date, with the help of recent scientific technologies, a significant progress has been made to detect and recognize the risk factors of AAA; however, a better understanding of the possible mechanisms is the need of the hour. The information generated from this can identify new plausible therapeutic targets for AAA treatment. This chapter sheds light on the recent highlights of cellular mechanisms associated with AAA.
Nurses' Perceptions of Quality of Life for Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease.

The purpose of this study was to understand nurses’ perceptions and experiences regarding Quality of Life (QOL) of adolescents with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). Interpretive, hermeneutic...
Lope de Vega aligerado: el uso de la música en la teleadaptación soviética de «El perro del hortelano»

Russian director Yan Frid’s musical film Sobaka na sene (‘The Dog in the Manger’), produced by the Leningrad studio Lenfilm in 1977, is now considered a classic of Soviet cinema. This tele-adaptation of Lope de Vega’s The Dog in the Manger was a great success, thanks in part to the music written especially for the telefilm by the popular composer Gennadi Gladkov. The present article explores how the style of the music and the manner of its incorporation into the film privilege a specific reading of the Lopean comedy.
Dynamic Covariate Adjustment of Water Quality Parameters for Streamflow: Transfer Function Model Selection

Abstract Weekly concentration data for total phosphorus and total suspended solids, as well as mean weekly flow, were studied for a period of 229 weeks (mid 1979 to late 1983) at one station in the LaPlatte River Watershed of Vermont. the autocorrelation patterns in these data and their stationarity in the mean are described via selection of univariate ARIMA time series models. the relationship of the concentration data to the flow data is modelled by selection of a transfer function model. Contrasts are drawn between stationary and nonstationary (first order differenced) models. the relative advantage of the flow-dependent model for understanding trends in concentration is considered. the model provides a dynamic adjustment, or covariate analysis, of concentration changes due to flow, which would be critical in assessing intervention effects. Such a model also captures seasonal variation in concentration via the seasonal variation in flow.
How does municipal policy affect state and local actions? Evidence from land conservation spending

Abstract Understanding responses to government action is critical for developing efficient policy. In the context of land conservation, this paper examines whether municipal policy has a crowding-in or crowding-out effect on neighboring municipalities’ actions and state government actions. Importantly, we focus on municipal conservation referendums, which allow us to use a regression discontinuity framework for causal inference. Using data from Massachusetts and New Jersey, our findings suggest municipal conservation decisions have no effect on neighboring local governments’ or the state’s conservation activity.
California Dental Association: Not a Quick Look But Not the Full Monty

More than most opinions, California Dental Association v. FTC, 119 S. Ct. 1604 (1999), can be understood only in context. This article provides that context. The story of the CDA litigation is essential to understanding the case, teaches valuable lessons about administrative and appellate adjudication, and helps to explain how the Supreme Court could write such a disappointing opinion. The story of CDA and the lessons that can be drawn from it are unusually complicated. To examine them, this article sketches an overview of the dispute at issue and the various opinions. It shows that the Supreme Court adopted a nebulous jurisdictional standard more aggressive than that used or advanced by the Commission, all the while claiming that it was following the Commission's views. The article then examines the antipathy to professional advertising evinced by the Court majority. The Court lent a sympathetic ear to arguments that had not been advanced below and that are not likely to prove persuasive in a different context. The most important lesson of CDA is that defendant's principal argument throughout the proceeding ? that the Commission could prohibit its restraints only through elaborate, formal proof of market power ? was rejected. As context, the article reviews the origin and derivation of the flexible rule of reason. It shows that CDA is a setback for what could be known as the "quick look movement," but also is a setback for market power screens. Finally, the article applauds CDA's call for application of a "sliding scale" of antitrust analysis. The CDA litigation itself exemplifies some of the problems associated with alternative approaches, including categorizations such as "inherently suspect," "non-naked restraints," "quick looks," "facially suspect," and "plausible efficiencies." The article ends with preliminary thoughts about applying a sliding scale of antitrust analysis.
Who Will Support a CEO Like Me? Social inference processes in new director selections

This study contributes to the corporate governance literature by introducing social inference theory to research on interlock networks, new director selection, and executive compensation. Our theor...
Theoretical Resolution of the Exceptional Oxygen Reduction Activity of Au(100) in Alkaline Media

The reason that Au(100) surfaces have exceptional activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media has been a long-standing puzzle that remains unexplained. Theoretically, the ...
Structure Validation of Complex Natural Products: Time to Change the Paradigm. What did Synthesis of Alstofolinine A Prove?

Total synthesis has been an effective and broadly practiced approach for structure validation (or revision) of complex natural products. It appears that computational methods for structure elucidat...
The Carle-Illinois (Urbana, Illinois USA) Treatment Protocol for Law Enforcement K9s: Guidelines for Emergency Medical Services

This document is a resource for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) treating an injured law enforcement K9 (LEK9) in the field and/or during transport by ambulance to a veterinary hospital. A Joint Task Force on Working Dog Care was created, which included veterinarians, EMS directors, EMS physicians, and canine handlers, who met to develop a treatment protocol for injured LEK9s. The protocol covers many major life-threatening injuries that LEK9s may sustain in the line of duty, and also discusses personnel safety and necessary equipment. This protocol may help train EMS providers to save the life of an injured LEK9.
NP22 Development of the Children Eating Well (CHEW) Mobile Application for WIC Families in Tennessee

Objective Mobile applications (‘apps’) for WIC families are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in states that have transitioned from paper vouchers to electronic benefits transfer (EBT) for WIC. Apps and other digital technologies can improve the WIC experience by helping participants check their benefit balance, scan food items to determine WIC eligibility, streamline service delivery, and provide additional nutrition education. The Children Eating Well (CHEW) app aims to maximize redemption of WIC foods and improve overall diet quality of preschool-aged participants by facilitating benefit redemption at the store and providing easy, practical ways for parents to increase consumption of healthy foods through healthy recipes, quizzes, and goal setting features. The objective is to report on the findings of user testing and development during the preparation of version 2.0 of the CHEW app. Description Our team conducted qualitative interviews families of WIC children aged 2-4 years in an iterative process to inform user-centered development of version 2.0 and to maximize usability of the app. Evaluation Using a sorting activity, participants were asked to rank potential in-app features by importance then place the cards into natural groupings of similar features. Participants were also asked to form mental models about using recipes, shopping lists, using WIC benefits, and checking their WIC balance. We will report on qualitative findings that informed the user interface, improvement of shopping tools, and format of nutrition education features. We will also describe how we are collaborating with partners and outline ways that potential partners can collaborate with the CHEW team to disseminate existing nutrition education content to WIC participants through the CHEW app in the future. Conclusion and Implications The CHEW 2.0 app will be implemented in WIC clinics across the state of Tennessee as a supplemental education tool for families to use at home, with plans for future dissemination to other states. These formative findings can also inform the development of other technology applications for the WIC program. Funding 2017-68001-26352.
Testing epistemic democracy’s claims for majority rule:

While epistemic democrats have claimed that majority rule recruits the wisdom of the crowd to identify correct answers to political problems, the conjecture remains abstract. This article illustrat...
The lived experience of adolescent mother trauma survivors: A narrative approach

The present study is a qualitative exploration of the link between earlier trauma and adolescent mother identity. We examined whether the mothers in our study formed an identification with other adolescent mothers, why or why not, and whether that identity (or lack thereof) was influenced by earlier traumatic experience. Fourteen residents of Delaware County, Pennsylvania, who became mothers between the ages of 14 and 19 (four White, seven African American, two Latina, and one Multiracial) participated in semi-structured interviews. Semi-structured, in-depth narrative interviews explored personal and community views on and experiences with adolescent pregnancy and parenthood. Results suggest that although exposure to traumatic events early in life can prompt more favorable evaluations of adolescent mothers before becoming a member of the ingroup for some, earlier trauma can prompt others to reject ingroup among adolescent mothers. Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood programs should utilize a trauma lens.
Turbulent boundary-layer flow beneath a vortex. Part 2. Power-law swirl

The problem formulated in Part 1 (Loper, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 892, 2020, A16) for flow in the turbulent boundary layer beneath a vortex is solved for a power-law swirl: provide partial explanations why weakly swirling flows do not have eyes, why strongly swirling flows have eyes and why a boundary layer cannot exist beneath a potential vortex.
When distance brings us closer: Leveraging tele-psychotherapy to build deeper connection

In this paper, the authors describe how patients and therapists may, paradoxically, perceive a greater sense of closeness as a result of the physical distance inherent in conducting psychotherapy o...
Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using whole-genome sequencing. Design: Investigation of MSSA epidemiology in a NICU. Setting: Single-center, level IV NICU. Methods: Universal S. aureus screening was done using a single swab obtained from the anterior nares, axilla, and groin area of infants in the NICU on a weekly basis. Core genome multilocus sequence type (cgMLST) analysis was performed on MSSA isolates detected over 1 year (2018–2019). Results: In total, 68 MSSA-colonized infants were identified, and cgMLSTs of 67 MSSA isolates were analyzed. Overall, we identified 11 cgMLST isolate groups comprising 39 isolates (58%), with group sizes ranging from 2 to 10 isolates, and 28 isolates (42%) were unrelated to each other or any of the isolate groups. Cases of infants colonized by MSSA were scattered throughout the 1-year study period, and isolates belonging to the same cgMLST group were typically detected contemporaneously, over a few weeks or a few months. Overall, 13 infants (19.7%) developed MSSA infections: bacteremia (n = 3), wound infection (n = 5), conjunctivitis (n = 4), and cellulitis (n = 1). We detected no association between these clinically manifest infections and specific cgMLST groups. Conclusions: Although MSSA isolates in infants in a NICU showed high diversity, most were related to other isolates, albeit within small groups. cgMLST facilitates an understanding of the complex transmission dynamics of MSSA in NICUs, and these data can be used to inform better control strategies.
Rapid Transitions With Robust Accelerated Delayed-Self-Reinforcement for Consensus-Based Networks

Rapid transitions are important for the quick response of consensus-based, multi-agent networks to external stimuli. While high-gain can increase response speed, potential instability tends to limit the maximum possible gain, and therefore, limits the maximum convergence rate to consensus during transitions. Since the update law for multi-agent networks with symmetric graphs can be considered as the gradient of its Laplacian-potential function, Nesterov-type accelerated-gradient approaches from optimization theory can further improve the convergence rate of such networks. An advantage of the accelerated-gradient approach is that it can be implemented using accelerated delayed-self-reinforcement (A-DSR), which does not require new information from the network or modifications in the network connectivity. However, the accelerated-gradient approach is not directly applicable to general directed graphs since the update law is not the gradient of the Laplacian-potential function. The main contribution of this work is to extend the accelerated-gradient approach to general directed graph networks without requiring the graph to be strongly connected. In addition, while both the momentum term and outdated-feedback term in the accelerated-gradient approach are important in general, it is shown that the momentum term alone is sufficient to achieve balanced robustness and rapid transitions without oscillations in the dominant mode, for networks whose graph Laplacians have real spectrum. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance improvement with the proposed robust A-DSR of 40% in structural robustness and 50% in convergence rate to a consensus when compared with the case without the A-DSR. Moreover, experimental results are presented that show a similar 37% faster convergence with the robust A-DSR when compared with the case without the A-DSR.
The fate of biological soil crusts after fire: A meta-analysis

Abstract Fire is a global disturbance that is predicted to increase in frequency and severity in many parts of the world due to climate change. Biological soil crust (biocrust) communities are often overlooked in fire studies despite having a substantial effect on ecological function and the adjacent communities. The goal of this study is to synthesize and analyze existing data elucidating the recovery of biocrust cover following fire at the global-scale and suggest avenues for future research. We performed a meta-analysis of studies from 1984 to 2019 to address the response of biocrust after fire and determine the moderating factors governing their response. Overall, fire reduced biocrust cover by 50% and had a significantly negative effect on biocrusts classified as cyanobacteria or algal dominated. Additionally, as time since fire increased, total biocrust cover increased but this response was modulated by biocrust type indicating compliance with traditional biocrust successional models. However, there was significant unexplained heterogeneity within the meta-analysis. This reflects a critical need for more studies specifically addressing the effect of fire on biocrust communities as they are an ecosystem engineer in drylands around the world. We suggest more thorough characterization of biocrust organisms through field and laboratory studies to understand the mechanisms of biocrust response to fire. Additionally, research is needed across a broader geographic range to represent the known distribution of biocrust communities, particularly as fires increase in severity and scope.