cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A generalized model management system for mathematical programming

This paper examines mathematical programming software in the context of model management and decision support. The concept of a model management system (MMS) is introduced and compared to traditional modeling systems. An MMS is seen as a much more generalized software system that requires the confluence of existing operations research, database management, and artificial intelligence techniques. By incorporating powerful, abstraction-based representation structures, an MMS can support multiple levels of model abstraction, only one of which corresponds to traditional, solution-oriented modeling software. The database structures required to implement a knowledge-based MMS are discussed and a prototype system for mathematical programming, the Generalized eXperimental Math Programming system (GXMP), is described. An algebraic language developed for use in GXMP is described in detail.
Intellectual property protection and antitrust in the developing world: crisis, coercion, and choice

After the economic crisis of the early 1980s, developing countries adopted new policies regarding intellectual property protection only as a result of a coercive U.S. strategy, consistent with a neorealist explanation based on power. Targeted countries have complied only on paper, not in practice, however. In contrast, hegemonic powers have not employed overt coercion in the area of antitrust policy, consistent with interpretivist neoliberalism, which emphasizes learning and voluntarism. A nuanced analysis of power and ideas is necessary to account for the differences between the cases. The different mechanisms through which the new policies have been adopted suggest different prospects for these new policies.
Natural ocean carbon cycle sensitivity to parameterizations of the recycling in a climate model

Sensitivities of the oceanic biological pump within the GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies ) climate modeling system are explored here. Results are presented from twin control simulations of the air-sea CO2 gas exchange using two different ocean models coupled to the same atmosphere. The two ocean models (Russell ocean model and Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, HYCOM) use different vertical coordinate systems, and therefore different representations of column physics. Both variants of the GISS climate model are coupled to the same ocean biogeochemistry module (the NASA Ocean Biogeochemistry Model, NOBM), which computes prognostic distributions for biotic and abiotic fields that influence the air-sea flux of CO2 and the deep ocean carbon transport and storage. In particular, the model differences due to remineralization rate changes are compared to differences attributed to physical processes modeled differently in the two ocean models such as ventilation, mixing, eddy stirring and vertical advection. GISSEH(GISSER) is found to underestimate mixed layer depth compared to observations by about 55% (10 %) in the Southern Ocean and overestimate it by about 17% (underestimate by 2%) in the northern high latitudes. Everywhere else in the global ocean, the two models underestimate the surface mixing by about 12-34 %, which prevents deep nutrients from reaching the surface and promoting primary production there. Consequently, carbon export is reduced because of reduced production at the surface. Furthermore, carbon export is particularly sensitive to remineralization rate changes in the frontal regions of the subtropical gyres and at the Equator and this sensitivity in the model is much higher than the sensitivity to physical processes such as vertical mixing, vertical advection and mesoscale eddy transport. At depth, GISSER, which has a significant warm bias, remineralizes nutrients and carbon faster thereby producing more nutrients and carbon at depth, which eventually resurfaces with the global thermohaline circulation especially in the Southern Ocean. Because of the reduced primary production and carbon export in GISSEH compared to GISSER, the biological pump efficiency, i.e., the ratio of primary production and carbon export at 75 m, is half in the GISSEH of that in GISSER, The Southern Ocean emerges as a key region where the CO2 flux is as sensitive to biological parameterizations as it is to physical parameterizations. The fidelity of ocean mixing in the Southern Ocean compared to observations is shown to be a good indicator of the magnitude of the biological pump efficiency regardless of physical model choice.
Molecular imaging of myocardial injury: A magnetofluorescent approach

The role of molecular imaging in enhancing the understanding of myocardial injury and repair is rapidly expanding. Moreover, in recent years magnetic resonance and fluorescence-based approaches have been added to the molecular imaging armamentarium and have been used to image selected molecular and cellular targets in the myocardium. Apoptosis, necrosis, macrophage infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, cathepsin activity, and type 1 collagen have all been imaged in vivo with a magnetofluorescent (MRI and/or fluorescence) approach. This review highlights the potential of these and other magnetofluorescent agents, with particular focus on their role in ischemic heart disease.
Flexoelectric effects: Charge separation in insulating solids subjected to elastic strain gradients

After a brief historical introduction this article will present a summary of experimental work carried through at Penn State to explore the flexoelectric coefficients μ ijkl in ferroelectric, incipient ferroelectric and relaxor ferroelectric perovskites. The initial objective was to understand the magnitude of flexoelectricity in these systems to see whether it would be possible to develop a piezoelectric composite containing no piezoelectric element, which nonetheless could have practically useful properties. Recent discussions of the thermodynamic converse effect, ie. the generation of elastic strain by an electric field gradient, now suggest that such composites might be designed to have unique properties such as a direct but no converse effect, or vice-versa, and materials with this character could have important practical application. Present data already suggest that the direct effect may make an important contribution to the properties of epitaxial thin films where mismatch can give rise to very steep elastic strain gradients. Clearly, more work is needed to fully quantify the flexoelectric behavior. It will be important to measure single crystals in the ceramic systems which have been studied and to characterize the converse effect as a check of the measured values
The effect of different types of feedback in multiple-cue probability learning

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different sorts of feedback upon performance in a multiple-cue probability learning task with binary cues and binary events. In addition to traditional outcome feedback, subjects were given periodic feedback messages throughout the experiment. Different types of feedback included percentage of correct responses, cue-event validity coefficients, cue-response utilization coefficients, and a combination of both of the last two types. Feedback was based upon either all previous trials (long-term feedback) or the last 20 trials (short-term feedback) or both. Two different tasks were used. Nine hundred seventy-two subjects were assigned to 32 groups in a 4 (feedback type) by 2 (short-term feedback) by 2 (long-term feedback) by 2 (task) design, and were individually run for 300 noncontingent trials. In general, the results were that no type of feedback enhanced performance, but all feedback types except percentage correct feedback resulted in a decrement in performance. Long-term and short-term feedback interaction effects were found.
PAI-1 and Cellular Migration: Dabbling in Paradox

“Do not dabble in paradox, it puts you in danger of fortuitous wit.”— T. Stoppard, Arcadia, 1995 The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays an important role in the response to vascular injury and in atherosclerosis. In fact, the focal accumulation of smooth muscle in the arterial intima is thought to make a critical contribution to the formation of vascular lesions. Smooth muscle migration is a complex process that requires a stimulus and a matrix substratum that facilitates cell adhesion and movement. Cells attach via specific integrin receptors that bind to the matrix, thereby providing “traction” for cells and the necessary engagement of intercellular micromotors that drive cell movement. See page 1573 Based on observations originally made in genetically modified mice, a role for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) …
Physician trust and cancer screening decisions

The study by Sirovich et al. failed to include what one might hope would be the most influential factor in encouraging women at low risk for cervical cancer to have less frequent Pap smear screening: the quality and trustworthiness of the patient’s relation with her physician. We have found a high level of acceptance for less frequent Pap smears in our multisite network of academic family medicine practices that provide care for patients from a wide socioeconomic and educational spectrum. The fact that the initial focus groups that guided the development of the subsequent survey did not raise this issue may reflect the physician specialty or type of practice from which these patients received care. The fact that the patient’s trust in her physician was not even mentioned as a potential factor by either the authors or an accompanying editorialist is disappointing and perhaps most telling. I believe the authors have missed a critical influence on a woman’s decision about screening for cervical cancer.
Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer Clinical Characteristics and Outcome in US Black Women—Effect of Place of Birth

Breast cancer mortality in black women is disproportionately high; reasons for this phenomenon are still unclear. In addition to socioeconomic factors, the biology of the tumor may play a role. We analyzed 1,097 incident invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 in black US women from Long Island and Brooklyn. Thirty-five percent of women had an estrogen receptor (ER) negative tumor, 46% a progesterone receptor (PR) negative tumor. ER, PR negative tumors were diagnosed at an earlier age (55.8 versus 55.3 years), at a later stage (p = 0.06), were larger in size (p = 0.04), and more frequently treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.06) than ER, PR positive tumors. Determinants of shorter survival were: ER, PR negativity (HR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.4), age, and stage at diagnosis (HR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.7). ER, PR negative breast cancer born outside of the US experienced a significantly worse survival than ER, PR negative women who were born in the US. ER, PR negative tumors in black women born outside the US, mainly in the Caribbean, are biologically more aggressive than the same size and age-matched tumors in black women born in the US. Our study suggests that environmental exposures in the country of origin may impact on host cancer interactions and cancer outcome.
Clinical Decision Support With Natural Language Processing Facilitates Determination of Colonoscopy Surveillance Intervals

Background & Aims With an increased emphasis on improving quality and decreasing costs, new tools are needed to improve adherence to evidence-based practices and guidelines in endoscopy. We investigated the ability of an automated system that uses natural language processing (NLP) and clinical decision support (CDS) to facilitate determination of colonoscopy surveillance intervals. Methods We performed a retrospective study at a single Veterans Administration medical center of patients age 40 years and older who had an index outpatient colonoscopy from 2002 through 2009 for any indication except surveillance of a previous colorectal neoplasia. We analyzed data from 10,798 reports, with 6379 linked to pathology results and 300 randomly selected reports. NLP-based CDS surveillance intervals were compared with those determined by paired, blinded, manual review. The primary outcome was adjusted agreement between manual review and the fully automated system. Results κ statistical analysis produced a value of 0.74 (P Conclusions A fully automated system that uses NLP and a guideline-based CSD system can accurately facilitate guideline-recommended adherence surveillance for colonoscopy.
Indium tin oxide transparent electrodes for broad-area top-emitting vertical-cavity lasers fabricated using a single lithography step

We report for the first time top-emitting buried oxide vertical cavity lasers using transparent indium tin oxide electrodes. Our process enables broad-area InAlGaAs VCSELs to be fabricated in a single lithography step, thus allowing the fast turn-around time necessary for evaluating VCSEL epitaxial materials. The ITO contacts attain a peak transmission of 96%, a specific contact resistance of 10/sup -5/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/, and a sheet resistivity of 2.5/spl times/10/sup -4/ /spl Omega//spl middot/cm. Under room temperature CW pumping, the devices exhibit a minimum threshold current density of 1.2 kA/cm/sup 2/ at a wavelength of 801 mm, and have a maximum light output power of 5.2 mW.
Application of convolution theorems in semiparametric models with non-i.i.d. data

A useful approach to asymptotic efficiency for estimators in semiparametric models is the study of lower bounds on asymptotic variances via convolution theorems. Such theorems are often applicable in models in which the classical assumptions of independence and identical distributions fail to hold, but to date, much of the research has focused on semiparametric models with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) data because tools are available in the i.i.d. setting for verifying pre-conditions of the convolution theorems. We develop tools for non-i.i.d. data that are similar in spirit to those for i.i.d. data and also analogous to the approaches used in parametric models with dependent data. This involves extending the notion of the tangent vector figuring so prominently in the i.i.d. theory and providing conditions for smoothness, or differentiability, of the parameter of interest as a function of the underlying probability measures. As a corollary to the differentiability result we obtain sufficient conditions for equivalence, in terms of asymptotic variance bounds, of two models. Regularity and asymptotic linearity of estimators are also discussed.
A parallel preconditioning strategy for efficient transistor-level circuit simulation

We describe a parallel computing approach for large-scale SPICE-accurate circuit simulation, which is based on a new strategy for the parallel preconditioned iterative solution of circuit matrices. This strategy consists of several steps, including singleton removal, block triangular form (BTF) reordering, hypergraph partitioning, and a block Jacobi pre-conditioner. Our parallel implementation makes use of a mixed load balance, employing a different parallel partition for the matrix load and solve. Based on message-passing, our circuit simulation code was originally designed for large parallel computers, but for the purposes of this paper we demonstrate that it also gives good parallel speedup in modern multi-core environments. We show that our new parallel solver outperforms a serial direct solver, a parallel direct solver and an alternative iterative solver on a set of circuit test problems. Categories and Subject Descriptors J.6 [Computer-aided Engineering]: Computer-aided Design; G.4 [Mathematical Software]: Algorithm Design and Analysis; G.1.3 [Numerical Analysis]: Numerical Linear Algebra General Terms Algorithms, Design, Performance; Reliability, Theory
Bacterial sugar utilization gives rise to distinct single-cell behaviours.

Summary Inducible utilization pathways reflect widespread microbial strategies to uptake and consume sugars from the environment. Despite their broad importance and extensive characterization, little is known how these pathways naturally respond to their inducing sugar in individual cells. Here, we performed single- cell analyses to probe the behaviour of representative pathways in the model bacterium Escherichia coli. We observed diverse single-cell behaviours, including uniform responses (D-lactose, D-galactose, N- acetylglucosamine, N-acetylneuraminic acid), 'all-or- none' responses (D-xylose, L-rhamnose) and complex combinations thereof (L-arabinose, D-gluconate). Mathematical modelling and probing of genetically modified pathways revealed that the simple framework underlying these pathways - inducible transport and inducible catabolism - could give rise to most of these behaviours. Sugar catabolism was also an important feature, as disruption of catabolism eliminated tunable induction as well as enhanced memory of previous conditions. For instance, disruption of catabolism in pathways that respond to endogenously synthesized sugars led to full pathway induction even in the absence of exogenous sugar. Our findings demon- strate the remarkable flexibility of this simple biologi- cal framework, with direct implications for environ- mental adaptation and the engineering of synthetic utilization pathways as titratable expression systems and for metabolic engineering.
Slow crack growth in polyethylene ‐ a review

Slow crack growth in a wide variety of polyethylenes have been investigated. The quantitative relationship between: (1) the external variables such as stress, temperature, stress intensity and J-integral; (2) the morphological variable such as density and crystal size and (3) molecular variables such as molecular weight, branch density and branch distribution and the rate and time to failure for slow crack growth will be presented. The kinetics of slow crack growth is correlated with the microstructural changes. A fundamental description of slow crack growth is given in terms of tie molecules and the stress field on the boundary of the craze from which fracture initiates.
Marital Quality and Income: An Examination of the Influence of Government Assistance

Using data from a random telephone statewide survey in Utah, the associations between income, government assistance and six dimensions of marital quality were explored with a sample of 295 married individuals with incomes below $40,000. Results indicate that income has a main effect on negative interaction and feeling trapped. An interaction of government assistance and income on two dimensions of marital quality was found. Individuals that experienced the combination of earning less than $20,000 per year while receiving government assistance had significantly lower levels of overall marital satisfaction and commitment than individuals receiving government assistance with higher incomes and individuals who have never received government assistance. Implications and possible explanations are discussed.
Molecular biology of angiotensinogen.

A ngiotensinogen is a moderately abundant / \ 55,000-60,000 Da serum glycoprotein that is -Z \ the precursor to the angiotensin peptides and is the only known naturally occurring renin substrate. It is synthesized by a variety of cells, most prominently hepatocytes, adipocytes, and astrocytes. Most angiotensinogen is extracellular (it is constitutively secreted); thus, there is apparently no way that an organism can orchestrate rapid changes in angiotensinogen concentration. The angiotensinogen gene is regulated by several hormones (e.g., glucocorticoid and estrogen), and angiotensinogen is an acute-phase protein. Angiotensinogen is a member of the serpin gene superfamily, but there is little reason to suppose that this protein is a serine protease inhibitor. The available evidence indicates that angiotensinogen functions solely as an extracellular reservoir of angiotensin peptides. In this article, we attempt a critical review of the literature on the biology of this protein, with an emphasis on recent molecular biological studies. We recommend other recent reviews, for example, those of Tewksbury or Campbell, for alternative views of this subject matter.
Modification of acute testosterone responsiveness to luteinizing hormone by follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the domestic cockerel.

Pretreatment of newly hatched cockerels with low doses of highly purified ostrich or ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (1 Mg/injection X 5 or 7 injections over 2.5 or 3.5 days) enhanced subsequent acute in vivo testosterone responses to a wide range of doses of NIH ovine luteinizing hormone (LH). Similar pretreatment with corresponding LH preparations or with much higher doses of NIH-LH (25 Mg/injection) enhanced responses to moderate and high doses of NIH-LH, but had no effect on responses to low doses. When combined with FSH in pretreatment, the high doses of NIH-LH suppressed the stimulatory effect of FSH on these latter responses. Other results indicated that the effects of FSH preparations on responsiveness to LH were not due to LH contamination: the activity of the ovine FSH was not reduced by immunoneutralization of its LH contamination, and very low doses of ovine LH, equivalent to amounts that might have contaminated the effective doses of the FSH preparation, had no effect on responsiveness to LH. In slightly older cockerels, pretreatment with highly purified ovine FSH (1 Mg/injection X 14 injection over 7 days, from Days 4-10 after hatching) had effects similar to those in the younger cockerels. Similar pretreatment with NIH-LH (25 Mg/injection) suppressed the acute testosterone response to a low dose of NIH-LH, but seemed to enhance that to a higher dose (though this latter effect was not statistically significant). Thus, in the cockerel, FSH can enhance responsiveness of the testis to acute LH stimulation of testosterone production and LH can also modulate testicular
Self Optimization using Conceptual Graphs for NASA Autonomous Systems

NASA is pursing ever increasing autonomous systems to perform new science and exploration. These missions will be out of contact with mission control for extended periods of time in very harsh and unforgiving environments. To successfully perform these missions autonomously, they will have to have autonomic properties to achieve their mission goals. One of theses properties, self-optimization, will be vital to these missions since deep space science and exploration by their nature require operations in unknown environments. Coupling this with the autonomous nature of these missions, they will require a means to optimize themselves as the mission progresses and the actual environment becomes better known. This paper introduces a self-optimization technique that is being developed at SAIC based on conceptual graphs. In this paper an overview of conceptual graphs will be given and how they can be used in autonomous systems to achieve self-optimization
Dependence of the surface flashover properties of alumina on polishing abrasive parameters

Systematic investigations of the relationship between the surface finish, the polishing medium, and surface flashover properties of high purity polycrystalline alumina ceramics are reported. Samples polished with SiC abrasives displayed a linear behavior, with the breakdown strength increasing with decreasing surface roughness. The breakdown properties of the diamond polished samples were influenced significantly by the polishing sequence adopted; samples polished from coarser to finer finish exhibited erratic surface breakdown properties, whereas the breakdown properties of samples polished from finer to coarser finish varied linearly with respect to the particle size of the abrasive used in the final polishing. These results are discussed in terms of surface and subsurface defects that are formed during diamond polishing. The breakdown properties of the samples in relation to the abrasive type are also analyzed. >
Laparoscopic reversal of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.

w l a c p 2 1 Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) was first described by copinaro et al. [1] in 1979 and continues to be 1 of the ost effective treatments for morbid obesity, especially hose with a body mass index (BMI) 50 kg/m. In this rocedure, distal gastrectomy is performed with a long oux-en-Y reconstruction, resulting in reduced digestion nd intestinal malabsorption from delayed mixing of food nd biliopancreatic juices. The small size of the stomach fter distal gastrectomy results in weight reduction. In conrast, the BPD, which causes permanent malabsorption of at and starch, results in weight maintenance [2]. Hess et al. 3] and Marceau et al. [4] then described BPD with the uodenal switch (DS) as a modification. In this operation, he sleeve gastrectomy, DS, and the longer common channel ave significantly diminished some of the complications of PD, such as intolerable diarrhea, dumping, hypoproteineia, marginal ulcer formation, and hypocalcemia. Marceau et al. [5] reported, in a retrospective study in hich BPD was compared with BPD-DS, an initial excess eight loss of 73% after 51 25 months and long-term xcess weight loss of 70% 21% at 74 4 months. The ncidence of most complications was reduced by a 1.7% ortality rate [5]. In 1998, Hess and Hess [6] reported 80% nd 70% excess weight loss at 2 and 8 years, respectively, ith a 9% morbidity rate and 0.5% mortality rate. These esults are important, particularly in superobese patients ith a BMI 50 kg/m in whom gastric bypass is less likely o achieve a BMI of 35 kg/m. We reported our first series f laparoscopic BPD-DS in 2000 [7]. In 2003, Anthone et
Nonlinear electrohydrodynamics of slightly deformed oblate drops

The transient deformation of a weakly conducting (‘leaky dielectric’) drop under a uniform DC electric field is computed via an axisymmetric boundary integral method, which accounts for surface charge convection and a finite relaxation time scale over which the drop interface charges. We focus on drops that attain an ultimate oblate (major axis normal to the applied field) steady-state configuration. The computations predict that as the time scale for interfacial charging increases, a shape transition from prolate deformation (major axis parallel to the applied field) to oblate deformation occurs at intermediate times due to the slow buildup of charge at the surface of the drop. Convection of surface charge towards the equator of the drop is shown to weaken the steady-state oblate deformation. Additionally, convection results in sharp shock-like variations in surface charge density near the equator of the drop. Our numerical results are then compared with an experimental system consisting of a millimetre-sized silicone oil drop suspended in castor oil. Agreement in the transient deformation is observed between our numerical results and experimental measurements for moderate electric field strengths. This suggests that both charge relaxation and charge convection are required, in general, to quantify the time-dependent deformation of leaky dielectric drops. Importantly, accurate prediction of the observed modest deformation requires a nonlinear model. Discrepancies between our numerical calculations and experimental results arise as the field strength is increased. We believe that this is due to the observed onset of rotation and three-dimensional flow at such high electric fields in the experiments, which an axisymmetric boundary integral formulation naturally cannot capture.
Progression of a Gulf of Mexico food web supporting Atlantis ecosystem model development

Abstract This article develops a marine food web matrix for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) based on local stomach sampling and online diet information. Working at the level of functional groups, we fit diet information to a statistical model based on the Dirichlet distribution. This allows us to quantify likely contributions of prey to predators’ diets. Error ranges on these values reflect diet variability and data quality, and help in identifying functional groups that would benefit from additional sampling. We perform hierarchical cluster analysis to determine functional groups that have similar prey requirements, then produce a food web diagram representing the interactions between predators and prey. A meta-analysis using principle coordinate analysis allows us to compare this study’s diet matrix with ten other published GOM food webs and determine where variation in food web structure exists. We also compare our new food web to the diet matrix used by the Ainsworth et al. (2015) Atlantis ecosystem model, a strategic tool developed to assess ecosystem dynamics in the GOM. A hindcast from 1980 to 2010 using Atlantis shows an improved fit to observational data and reduced error in biomass projections using the revised diet information.
Aloys Sprenger German Orientalism’S ‘Gift’ to Delhi College

Aloys Sprenger (1813–1893) was an Austrian scholar with a medical degree who joined the British East India Company’s medical service in order to pursue in India his real passion, the study of orien...
CXCL11 Expression by Keratinocytes Occurs Transiently Between Reaching Confluence and Cellular Compaction

Objective: To investigate whether differentiation or cellular confluence is responsible for CXCL11 expression patterns in re-epithelialization. Approach:In vitro model systems of re-epithelialization using the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line were utilized in monitoring expression of differentiation markers, including desmoplakin and various cytokeratins while evaluating for an association with chemokine CXCL11 expression. Results: CXCL11 expression was elevated in sparse culture with peak expression near the time of confluence. This somewhat followed the accumulation of desmoplakin in detergent-insoluble pool of proteins. However, in postconfluent, despite continued accumulation of desmoplakin within cells, CXCL11 expression decreased to baseline levels. This biphasic pattern was also seen in low calcium culture, an environment that inhibits keratinocyte differentiation and accumulation of desmosomal proteins. Highest CXCL11-expressing areas best correlated with newly confluent areas within culture expressing basal keratin 14, but also activated keratin 6. Innovation: Achievement of a threshold cellular density induces cell signaling cascade through CXCR3 that, in addition to other undiscovered pathways, can progress cutaneous wounds from the proliferative into the remodeling phases of cutaneous wound healing. Conclusion: These results suggest that the achievement of confluence with increased cellular density by migrating keratinocytes at the wound edge triggers expression of CXCL11. Since CXCR3 stimulation in endothelial cells results in apoptosis and causes neovascular pruning, whereas stimulation of CXCR3 in fibroblasts results decreased motility and cellular contraction, we speculate that CXCL11 expression by epidermal cells upon achieving cellular confluence could be the source of CXCR3 stimulation in the dermis ushering a transition from proliferative to remodeling phases of wound healing.
Eimeria nebulosa n. sp. and Klossia pachyleparon n. sp. from the monitor lizard Varanus nebulosus in Malaysia.

Eimeria nebulosa n. sp. and Klossia pachyleparon n. sp. are described from the monitor lizard Varanus nebulosus in Malaysia. The flask shaped oocysts of E. nebulosa average 20.7 by 12.6 μm. The oocyst wall is composed of a single layer. There is a single polar granule but no residuum. Ellipsoidal sporocysts average 11.1 by 5.6 μm. A sporocyst residuum is present. Endogenous stages develop in the epithelial cells of the small intestine. The spherical oocysts of K. pachyleparon average 33.6 μm in diameter. The wall is about 2.5 μm thick and is composed of 3 layers. The spherical sporocysts average 10.8 μm in diameter. Sporocysts contain 4 sporozoites and residuum. Developmental stages were not observed.
Neutral detergent fiber concentration in corn silage influences dry matter intake, diet digestibility, and performance of Angus and Holstein steers.

Twelve Angus (237 +/- 13 kg) and twelve Holstein (235 +/- 15 kg) steers were used to determine whether corn silage-based diets with different NDF levels influence DMI to a similar extent in Angus and Holstein steers and as body weight of the steers increase. Steers were randomly assigned to individual slatted-floor pens and used in a crossover design consisting of six 14-d periods. Experimental diets contained corn silage from a normal hybrid (low-fiber; LF) and its male-sterile counterpart (high-fiber; HF) and were alternated each period. The LF and HF diets contained 33.8 and 50.8% NDF, respectively. The HF diet decreased (P 0.10) but had greater DE intake (P < 0.01) compared to Angus steers. There were fiber level x breed-type interactions for total-tract digestibility of NDF and ADF (P < 0.06). The difference in DM digestibility was negatively associated with the difference in DMI (r2 = 0.23; P < 0.01) for LF minus HF within Angus steers, but not within Holstein steers (P = 0.42). Total-tract digestibility of NDF and ADF was 4.1 and 3.4% lower for the HF diet but was only 1.1 and 0.6% lower for the LF diet when fed to Holstein compared to Angus steers. Results from this trial demonstrate that high-NDF corn silage-based diets reduced intake of both Angus and Holstein steers, and this reduction in DMI continued as steers increased in BW from 235 to 330 kg. Breed differences were also noted for digestible energy intake as influenced by fiber level.
Use of the evaporative method for determination of soilless substrate moisture characteristic curves

Abstract Historically, substrate science has utilized the pressure extraction method to measure soilless substrate moisture characteristic curves, albeit with published discrepancies. Recently, a device utilizing the evaporative method to generate moisture characteristic curves by measuring water potential as volumetric water content decreases via evaporation, known as a Hyprop, has become available. This research compares and contrasts moisture characteristic curves developed over a 2-week period using both the pressure extraction and the evaporative methods for two-component greenhouse ( Sphagnum peat and perlite) and nursery (aged pine bark and sand) soilless substrates. The pressure extraction method was conducted between water potentials of 0 and −300 hPa (10 data points used in conventional methodology for allotted time), while the evaporative method measurements continued until the tensiometers cavitated (≈ −500 to −700 hPa) and provided higher data density (100 data points) within the two week period. The evaporative method was found to produce repeatable results, with subsequent measurements of each substrate providing analogous measurements (P > 0.9000 and P > 0.3700 for the peat and bark substrate, respectively). There was little variation between the two methodologies for the peat substrate (0.004% difference in the area under the curves from 0 to −300 hPa). However, differences were observed between the methodologies for the bark substrate, with the percentage difference increasing with increasing water potential (9.6% at −100 hPa; 23.7% at −300 hPa). Additionally, the evaporative method measured a continued decrease in volumetric water content of the aged pine bark and sand substrate with increasing water potentials throughout the range of measurements, unlike the pressure extraction method, which has documented issues with loss of hydraulic connectivity between the sample and the plate in coarse highly porous organic substrates. Therefore, the pressure extraction method ceases to decrease in volumetric water content (≤ −65 hPa) resulting in a divergence in curves generated by the two methods. Both methods were found to have limitations while measuring substrate water content near saturation, with the pressure plate resistance to free drainage of water influencing measurements and the evaporative method continually underestimating the saturation point. As a result, both methods provided decreased volumetric water content measurements near saturation than when static physical properties were directly measured; therefore, moisture characteristic curves should be used collectively with static properties to correct for underestimation of total porosity and to better yield an understanding of the hydrophysical properties of a soilless substrate.
Computational Methods in Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics

This chapter introduces computational methods used in mass spectrometry-based proteomics, including those for addressing the critical problems such as peptide identification and protein inference, peptide and protein quantification, characterization of posttranslational modifications (PTMs), and data-independent acquisitions (DIA). The chapter concludes with emerging applications of proteomic techniques, such as metaproteomics, glycoproteomics, and proteogenomics.
Influence of road network and population demand assumptions in evacuation modeling for distant tsunamis

Tsunami evacuation planning in coastal communities is typically focused on local events where at-risk individuals must move on foot in a matter of minutes to safety. Less attention has been placed on distant tsunamis, where evacuations unfold over several hours, are often dominated by vehicle use and are managed by public safety officials. Traditional traffic simulation models focus on estimating clearance times but often overlook the influence of varying population demand, alternative modes, background traffic, shadow evacuation, and traffic management alternatives. These factors are especially important for island communities with limited egress options to safety. We use the coastal community of Balboa Island, California (USA), as a case study to explore the range of potential clearance times prior to wave arrival for a distant tsunami scenario. We use a first-in–first-out queuing simulation environment to estimate variations in clearance times, given varying assumptions of the evacuating population (demand) and the road network over which they evacuate (supply). Results suggest clearance times are less than wave arrival times for a distant tsunami, except when we assume maximum vehicle usage for residents, employees, and tourists for a weekend scenario. A two-lane bridge to the mainland was the primary traffic bottleneck, thereby minimizing the effect of departure times, shadow evacuations, background traffic, boat-based evacuations, and traffic light timing on overall community clearance time. Reducing vehicular demand generally reduced clearance time, whereas improvements to road capacity had mixed results. Finally, failure to recognize non-residential employee and tourist populations in the vehicle demand substantially underestimated clearance time.
Legislating in the Dark: Information and Power in the House of Representatives.

James Curry views the House majority party leadership's striking penchant for presenting members with lengthy legislation at short notice as essential to both its control of the body and its capaci...
Influence of Aeration Rate on Yeast Production in Sauerkraut Brine

The optimal rate of of aeration for production of food yeast (Candida utilis) in sauerkraut brine was found to be approximately 24 mM O2/1/h.
Does Employment-Related Resilience Affect the Relationship between Childhood Adversity, Community Violence, and Depression?

Depression is a barrier to employment among low-income caregivers receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and exposure to community violence (ECV) are often associated with depression. Using baseline data of 103 TANF caregivers of young children of the Building Wealth and Health Network Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot, this study investigated associations of two forms of employment-related resilience—self-efficacy and employment hope—with exposure to adversity/violence and depression, measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) short form. Using contingency table analysis and regression analysis, we identified associations between ACEs and depression [OR = 1.70 (1.25–2.32), p = 0.0008] and having high levels of ECV with a 6.9-fold increased risk for depression when compared with those without ECV [OR = 6.86 (1.43–33.01), p = 0.02]. While self-efficacy and employment hope were significantly associated with depression, neither resilience factor impacted the association of ACE level and depression, whereas self-efficacy and employment hope modestly reduced the associations between ECV and depression, 13 and 16%, respectively. Results suggest that self-efficacy and employment hope may not have an impact on the strong associations between adversity, violence, and depression.
Viral Fusion Efficacy of Influenza Virus H3N2 Reassortment Combination to the Suppoered Lipid Layer

Virus pseudotyping is a useful and safe technique for studying entry of emerging strains of influenza virus. However, few studies have compared different reassortant combinations in pseudoparticle systems, or compared entry kinetics of native viruses and their pseudotyped analogs. Here, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based pseudovirions displaying distinct influenza virus envelope proteins were tested for fusion activity. We produced VSV pseudotypes containing the prototypical X-31 (H3) HA, either alone or with strain-matched or mismatched N2 NAs.
Demethylated HSATII DNA and HSATII RNA Foci Sequester PRC1 and MeCP2 into Cancer-Specific Nuclear Bodies

This study reveals that high-copy satellite II (HSATII) sequences in the human genome can bind and impact distribution of chromatin regulatory proteins and that this goes awry in cancer. In many cancers, master regulatory proteins form two types of cancer-specific nuclear bodies, caused by locus-specific deregulation of HSATII. DNA demethylation at the 1q12 mega-satellite, common in cancer, causes PRC1 aggregation into prominent Cancer-Associated Polycomb (CAP) bodies. These loci remain silent, whereas HSATII loci with reduced PRC1 become derepressed, reflecting imbalanced distribution of UbH2A on these and other PcG-regulated loci. Large nuclear foci of HSATII RNA form and sequester copious MeCP2 into Cancer-Associated Satellite Transcript (CAST) bodies. Hence, HSATII DNA and RNA have an exceptional capacity to act as molecular sponges and sequester chromatin regulatory proteins into abnormal nuclear bodies in cancer. The compartmentalization of regulatory proteins within nuclear structure, triggered by demethylation of "junk" repeats, raises the possibility that this contributes to further compromise of the epigenome and neoplastic progression.
Are the Current Little League Pitching Guidelines Adequate? A Single-Season Prospective MRI Study.

Background:Little League throwing guidelines have recently been implemented in an attempt to lessen the growing number of elbow injuries occurring in youth baseball players.Hypothesis/Purpose:The p...
A Discovery Lesson in Elementary Mathematics.

vJuided discovery lessons may lead to unexpected discoveries as well as to those that were intended by their teachers. The following account is based upon the experiences of a small group of advanced college students in a course designed to fulfill the spirit of the Nuffield Foundation film, / Do and I Understand. The first part of this article describes a lesson brought by a student with a specific goal to enable the learner to predict the height of an unknown right triangle when certain other information is provided. Because of a prevailing spirit of inquiry additional available discoveries were made. The reader will realize that the experiences described here involve not only ratios and proportions but also similarity, primes, composites, and common factors. The lesson began using a large pegboard surface that had been installed to form part of the wall of the classroom. The student in charge, Shirley Harris, directed the class's attention to a triangle outlined in colored yarn on the pegboard. It was a right triangle with a measure of 30 spaces for the base, Bu and 36 units for the height, Hu as seen in figure 1. She invited someone to construct another right triangle with a base, B2, of 10 units, using vertex A of the first triangle. r/
Heredity, genetics and orthodontics: How much has this research really helped?

Uncovering the genetic factors that correlate with a clinical deviation of previously unknown etiology helps to diminish the unknown variation influencing the phenotype. Clinical studies, particularly those that consider the effects of an appliance or treatment regimen on growth, need to be a part of these types of genetic investigations in the future. While the day-to-day utilization of "testing" for genetic factors is not ready for practice yet, genetic testing for monogenic traits such as Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) and Class III malocclusion is showing more promise as knowledge and technology advances. Although the heterogeneous complexity of such things as facial and dental development, the physiology of tooth movement, and the occurrence of External Apical Root Resorption (EARR) make their precise prediction untenable, investigations into the genetic factors that influence different phenotypes, and how these factors may relate to or impact environmental factors (including orthodontic treatment) are becoming better understood. The most important "genetic test" the practitioner can do today is to gather the patient's individual and family history. This would greatly benefit the patient, and augment the usefulness of these families in future clinical research in which clinical findings, environmental, and genetic factors can be studied.
Topological THz devices using semiconductors

We showed that cyclotron resonance of semiconductors can be utilized in Topological devices to break the time-reversal symmetry for unidirectional propagation in THz frequency range. To demonstrate, we proposed a tunable power splitter based on topological effect.
(Dis)comfort food: connecting food, social media, and first-year college undergraduates

This paper argues for, and reflects on, the introduction of social and mobile media into food studies pedagogies. Specifically, the paper describes the complications resulting from a pedagogical ex...
The Military Dimension in Sino-Russian Relations

This chapter examines the factors most responsible for shaping military relations between Russia and China over the last decade in order to explain the course of their development. It examines the evolution of military cooperation in three specific areas: arms and technology transfers, joint military exercises and coordination of their respective defense postures. Based on this review, the chapter finds that, while military relations between Moscow and Beijing have improved significantly in all three areas post-Ukraine, underlying tensions in the relationship continue to limit defense cooperation to a significant degree. Nevertheless, the increase in military relations is genuine and reflects a growing alignment between the two countries that is likely to persist over the short-term.
Abstract TP271: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Differentially Regulates Its Receptor in the Brain and Immune System After Stroke

Objective: To identify how leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) regulates antioxidant neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling through the expression and trafficking of its receptor (LIFR). Hypo...
Grid-forming Inverter Experimental Testing of Fault Current Contributions

Historically, photovoltaic inverters have been grid-following controlled, but with increasing penetrations of inverter-based generation on the grid, grid-forming inverters (GFMI) are gaining interest. GFMIs can also be used in microgrids that require the ability to interact and operate with the grid (grid-tied), or to operate autonomously (islanded) while supplying their corresponding loads. This approach can substantially improve the response of the grid to severe contingencies such as hurricanes, or to high load demands. During islanded conditions, GFMIs play an important role on dictating the system’s voltage and frequency the same way as synchronous generators do in large interconnected systems. For this reason, it is important to understand the behavior of such grid-forming inverters under fault scenarios. This paper focuses on testing different commercially available grid-forming inverters under fault conditions.