cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Language outcomes of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: a two year follow‐up

Thirty-seven children 15–25 months of age received clinical diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and were re-evaluated two years later. All subjects were judged to have retained a diagnosis of ASD at the follow-up evaluation. Communication scores for the group as a whole during the first visit were significantly lower than nonverbal IQ. However, by the second visit, verbal and nonverbal scores were no longer significantly different. The group was divided into two subgroups, based on expressive language (EL) outcome at the second visit. The two groups were similar in the second year of life in terms of expressive communication skills and autistic symptoms, except for a trend toward more stereotypic and repetitive behavior in the worse outcome group. By the second visit, however, the groups differed significantly on all standard measures of expression and reception, as well as on autistic symptomotology and nonverbal IQ. When assessed during their second year, children who ended up in the better outcome group showed higher average nonverbal cognitive level, receptive language (RL) scores, number of sounds and words produced, use of symbolic play schemes, and response to joint attention bids. Regression analysis revealed that the variables for which significant differences between the two outcome groups in their second year of life were found provided significant prediction of EL outcome at age four. Stepwise regression identified RL and presence of stereotypic and repetitive at the first visit as significantly associated with EL outcome. Implications of these findings for early identification and intervention are discussed.
Reprint of "Baroreflex function in anurans from different environments".

Abstract Anurans from terrestrial environments have an enhanced ability to maintain mean arterial blood pressure (Pm) through lymph mobilization in response to desiccation or hemorrhage compared with semiaquatic or aquatic species. Because short term blood pressure homeostasis is regulated by arterial baroreceptors, we compared baroreflex function in three species of anurans that span a range of environments, dehydration tolerance and an ability to maintain Pm with dehydration and hemorrhage. The cardiac limb of the baroreflex loop was studied using pharmacological manipulation of Pm with phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside (20–200 μg kg− 1), and the resulting changes in heart rate (fH) were quantitatively analyzed using a four-parameter sigmoidal logistic function. Resting Pm in the aquatic species, Xenopus laevis, was 3.6 ± 0.3 kPa and was significantly less (P
Free Will in the Block Universe

Carl Hoefer has argued that determinism in block universes does not privilege any particular time slice as the fundamental determiner of other time slices. He concludes from this that our actions are free, insofar as they are pieces of time slices we may legitimately regard as fundamental determiners. However, I argue that Hoefer does not adequately deal with certain remaining problems. For one, there remain pervasive asymmetries in causation and the macroscopic efficacy of our actions. I suggest that what Hoefer may have shown us is that causation, not determinism, was the threat to free will all along. Additionally, Hoefer might avoid the problem of the asymmetry of macroscopic efficacy by noting we have a very small region of space-time completely determined by our choices. However, this move implies our freedom to act is freedom to do very little, given that the region is trivial. I suggest that Hoefer should instead claim that we do have pervasive macroscopic efficacy toward the past, though I am unsure of how well this thesis works. Regardless, there remains a problem that the inside-out perspective requires us to see our choices as brute facts or random occurrences. Attempts to resolve this problem seem to require either a theory of agent causation or a traditional compatibilist argument, making Hoefer’s thesis extraneous, unless he can show us that these require the inside-out perspective. However, Hoefer has not yet shown us this, so there is work to be done.
Activity of A9 and A10 dopaminergic neurons in unrestrained rats: further characterization and effects of apomorphine and cholecystokinin.

Abstract The activity of single dopaminergic (DA) neurons(totaln = 77) in the midbrain of awake, unrestrained rats was examined. The firing rates and patterns of ventral tegmental area (A 10 ) cells(n = 39) were similar to those of identified DA neurons in anesthetized and paralyzed rats. Unit activity was briefly stimulated (increased firing rate and burst activity) in response to an auditory stimulus and during manual stimulation of the vibrissae. Similar changes occurred during orienting responses and periods of sniffing. Twenty-six percent of A 10 cells recorded appeared to be electrotonically coupled which matched the prevalence previously observed among A 9 neurons. The effects on A 9 and A 10 DA cell activity of apomorphine and the car☐yterminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) were then determined. Sequential doses of apomorphine (5–320 μg/kg, i.v.) reduced the firing rate of each neuron tested(n = 19). Ten of these cells were classified as ‘sensitive’ to the drug(rmED 50 50 > 30μg/kg). Cells of either sensitivity were as likely to be found in A 9 as in A 10 . Sulfated CCK-8 (1–16 μg/kg, i .v.) excited (firing rate and bursting increased) 73% of the A 9 neurons sampled but produced inconsistent effects on A 10 cell firing. CCK-8 pretreatment increased the percentage of A 9 and A 10 neurons which were classified as ‘sensitive’ to apomorphine (82%). Enhanced sensitivity to apomorphine occurred regardless of the effect of CCK-8 on unik firing. Thus, as has been found in anesthetized rats, CCK-8 appeared to enhance the inhibitory effects of a DA agonist on DA neurons.
Influence of Nucleotides on the Cold Stability of Chloroplast Coupling Factor 1

Chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1), a cold-labile enzyme, contains six nucleotide binding sites. These sites are located at the alpha/beta interfaces of the alpha 3 beta 3 heterohexamer. The cold lability of CF1 is decreased by the presence of nucleotides in the medium. We have studied the influence of both different nucleotides and different binding sites on the cold dissociation of CF1. To monitor the dissociation of CF1 during cold treatment, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) was employed. The increase in ANS fluorescence during cold treatment is the result of increased accessibility of intersubunit hydrophobic regions as the complex dissociates. Mg(2+)-adenosine triphosphates, tightly bound to CF1, markedly stabilize the enzyme in the cold. ADP only protects CF1 from dissociating in the cold when it is bound to the loose sites or when it is bound in conjunction with Mg2+. CF1 that contained 2 mol of ADP/mol and little bound Mg2+ was nearly as cold labile as CF1 that contained just 0.2 mol of ADP/mol. When about one of the two bound ADPs was replaced with adenylyl beta, gamma-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), some protection from cold dissociation was observed. These results show that the site(s) occupied, as well as the nucleotides they contain, strongly influence(s) the structural stability of CF1.
The Team Personality–Team Performance Relationship Revisited: The Impact of Criterion Choice, Pattern of Workflow, and Method of Aggregation

Using meta-analytic evidence, this study tested trait- and task-based theoretical approaches to team personality management, using both team behaviors and team outcomes as criteria. Trait theories state that maximization of the team trait is harmful for Extroversion (complementary team fit) but beneficial for Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Emotional Stability (supplementary fit). Task-based theories state that tasks with few work exchanges are best reflected by mean trait scores, whereas tasks with frequent work exchanges are best represented by other types of scores (e.g., minimum score). Correlations between different aggregations of team personality and team performance were coded, as well as the study criterion choice and the pattern of workflow (as moderators). Partial support for both trait and task theories were found. Team Conscientiousness and Agreeableness provided supplementary fit primarily with team behaviors, but there was mixed evidence that Extroversion provided complementary fit. F...
Absorption of laser light on self-consistent plasma density profiles

The long-term absorption and scattering of light obliquely incident on an inhomogeneous and self-consistent evolving plasma profile including differential ion flow is considered. In general, the plasma has a sharp rise in density from subcritical to supercritical. The subcritical density decreases for increasing radiation pressure relative to the plasma pressure. In this profile an instability develops of the radiating decay type which modulates and generally enhances the absorption. The plasma density profile appears to evolve toward large light absorption. (AIP)
Patent ductus arteriosus in infants <29 weeks gestation--outcomes and factors affecting closure.

Objective To determine Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure rates for extremely preterm infants in a tertiary care centre, factors affecting response to indomethacin and outcomes of these infants relative to their PDA status.
The Civil Intifada: The Power and Politics of the Palestinian Census

The Palestinian census of December 1997 holds both symbolic power grounding a national identity within an intended modern sovereign structure and instrumental value serving as a basis for social and economic development. Some scholars privilege the role of domination in this enumeration process imposing official categorizations on people for the purpose of state control. However in this article I argue that the census also has the potential to promote resistance contingent upon the nature of the agency implementing the process and the historical circumstances of the community engaged in this exercise. In this case Palestinian and Israeli governments compete over the parameters of this research implementation particularly within the confines of Jerusalem recognized by each as its (intended and existing) capital. Based on personal interviews official documents and secondary sources I describe this process in relation to other attempts to articulate a Palestinian community and characterize the census within the context of a Palestinian political struggle for sovereignty against a dominant Israeli state. (authors)
IHHN virus: Infectivity and pathogenicity studies in Penaeus stylirostris and Penaeus vannamei

Abstract Infectivity studies of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) were conducted on Penaeus stylirostris and P. vannamei (representing species highly susceptible and highly refractory to the disease) via intramuscular injections of the virus. Distinctive histological lesion patterns were observed between species. Six target organ systems were compared interspecifically. The gills and nerve cord/ganglia were shown to undergo significantly higher degrees of tissue damage in infected P. stylirostris compared with infected P. vannamei . Pathogenetic differences correlated well with observed differences in epizootiology between the two species. The infectivity study confirmed that IHHN disease is virus-caused. Cell-free extracts from IHHNV-infected shrimp, when injected into healthy, susceptible shrimp, produced mortalities and Cowdry type A intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies presently considered pathognomonic for the disease.
HYPOTHERMIA REDUCES ACUTE INFLAMMATION AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN RATS† 317

Mild hypothermia reduces secondary damage after traumatic brain injury(TBI) in rats, even when applied after injury. Recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of hypothermia after TBI, however, are not mediated by reduced excitotoxcicity or energy demands. Mechanisms of benefit remain to be determined. We reported that TBI induces an acute inflammatory response(adhesion molecule upregulation and neutrophil [PMN] accumulation) in rat brain. Since PMN accumulation may be associated with blood-brain barrier injury and hyperemia, we hypothesized that hypothermia would reduce acute inflammation after TBI.
Patient involvement in the decision-making process improves satisfaction and quality of life in postmastectomy breast reconstruction

Abstract Background The patient-physician relationship has evolved from the paternalistic, physician-dominant model to the shared-decision-making and informed-consumerist model. The level of patient involvement in this decision-making process can potentially influence patient satisfaction and quality of life. In this study, patient-physician decision models are evaluated in patients undergoing postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Methods All women who underwent breast reconstruction at an academic hospital from 1999–2007 were identified. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were mailed questionnaires at a minimum of 1 y postoperatively with questions about decision making, satisfaction, and quality of life. Results There were 707 women eligible for our study and 465 completed surveys (68% response rate). Patients were divided into one of three groups: paternalistic (n = 18), informed-consumerist (n = 307), shared (n = 140). There were differences in overall general satisfaction (P = 0.034), specifically comparing the informed group to the paternalistic group (66.7% versus 38.9%, P = 0.020) and the shared to the paternalistic group (69.3% versus 38.9%, P = 0.016). There were no differences in aesthetic satisfaction. There were differences found in the SF-12 physical component summary score across all groups (P = 0.033), and a difference was found between the informed and paternalistic groups (P Conclusions Women undergoing breast reconstruction predominantly used the informed model of decision making. Patients who adopted a more active role, whether using an informed or shared approach, had higher general patient satisfaction and physical component summary scores compared with patients whose decision making was paternalistic.
Porphyroblastic and Augen Gneisses in the Bartica Assemblage, British Guiana

"Textural differences in the occurrence of microcline define augen gneisses, subhedral porphyroblastic gneisses and euhedral porphyroblastic gneisses within the Bartica assemblage, British Guiana. The introduction of microcline is metasomatic and the nature of the porphyroblasts appears to be a reflection of tectonic control during their development."
Are the impacts of events in the earth’s history discernable in the current distributions of freshwater algae?

Freshwater microalgae, lacking a fossil record, have contributed little to the study of historical biogeography. Some of the innate difficulties are discussed, as well as some of the more hopeful possibilities, if distribution records, morphology and DNA sequence analysis are combined with knowledge of the earth's history. Examples of species within the same family showing quite different distributions are given, along with suggested explanations. These include possible examples of the role played by waterfowl in dissemination of freshwater algae.
High-pressure crystal chemistry of chrysoberyl, Al2BeO4: Insights on the origin of olivine elastic anisotropy

High-pressure crystal structure refinements and axial compressibilities have been determined by x-ray methods for the olivine isomorph chrysoberyl, Al2BeO4. Unlike silicate olivines, which are more than twice as compressible along b than along a, chrysoberyl (space group Pbnm) has nearly isotropic compressibility with β a =1.12±0.04, β b =1.46±0.05, and β c =1.31±0.03 (all×10−4 kbar−1). The resultant bulk modulus is 2.42±0.05 Mbar, with K′ assumed to be 4. The axial compression ratios of chrysoberyl are 1.00:1.30:1.17, compared to axial compression ratios 1.00:2.02:1.60 for forsterite. These differences in compression anisotropy arise from differences in relative bond compressibilities. In chrysoberyl the average aluminum-oxygen and beryllium-oxygen bond compressibilities are similar, yielding nearly isotropic compression, but in silicate olivines octahedral cation-oxygen bonds are significantly more compressible than Si-O bonds, so that compression parallel to a is much more restricted than that parallel to b. The inherent anisotropy of the olivine structure is not, by itself, sufficient to cause anisotropic compression. It appears that in the case of olivine the distribution of cations of different valences, in conjunction with the structure type, leads to anisotropies in physical properties.
Experimental study of the crystal stability and equation of state of Si to 248 GPa

The room-temperature equation of state of silicon, as determined from in situ energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction using a synchrotron source, is presented to 248 GPa. An intermediate phase between the primitive hexagonal and hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) phases is stable from 37.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6 to 41.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 GPa, and is shown to be the same structure as the X phase of the alloy ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.8}$${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.2}$, and is not a simple restacking of hexagonal-close-packed layers (i.e., Sm-type, dhcp, or thcp). The hcp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}fcc phase transition occurs at 79\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 GPa. The fcc phase remains stable to 248 GPa, where the silicon fractional volume is V/${\mathit{V}}_{0}$=0.361\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006. Excellent agreement between first-principles total-energy calculations and these results is observed for the hcp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}fcc transition pressure, and the fcc Si pressure-versus-volume equation of state.
The presence of two mitochondrial DNA topoisomerases in human acute leukemia cells

Abstract We have undertaken a study of DNA topoisomerases in mitochondria from human acute leukemia cells. Two activities have been detected in these organelles. One of the enzymes is presumably a type II topoisomerase, i.e., in ATP-dependent reactions it can (1) catenate closed circular plasmid DNA, and (2) decatenate closed circular kinetoplast DNA. A second topoisomerase is presumably a type I enzyme since, (1) it can relax positive as well as negative supercoils in an ATP-independent reaction, (2) it is unable to catenate plasmid DNA or decatenate kinetoplast DNA, and (3) it is inhibited, rather than stimulated, by ATP.
EPR of polycrystalline high-Tc superconductor YBa1.9K0.1Cu3O7−δ

Abstract The high-Tc superconductor YBa1.9K0.1Cu3O7−δ has been studied by X-band EPR in the temperature range 4.2–303 K. The temperature dependence of the EPR spectra indicates that the low-field microwave absorption begins to occur below 140 K, and the intensity of the Cu2+ line due to the phase with increased oxygen vacancies exhibits two peaks around 94 K within an interval of 2 K, indicating the superconducting transition temeprature Tc = 94 K. The values of the lowercritical field (Hc1), the thermodynamic-critical field (Hc), and the upper-critical field (Hc2), as extrapolated to 0 K, are estimated to be 31.5 mT, 0.73 T, and 73 T, respectively. The estimated values of the spin-orbit reduction parameters, using the measured principal values of the Cu2+g tensor in the phase of the sample with increased vacancies, indicate significant degree of Cu-O bond covalency.
SETL-a very high level language oriented to software systems prototyping

SETL, like APL, is a language which facilitates manipulation of large relatively abstract data objects, namely sets, vectors, and maps, whose elements may in turn be sets, vectors, or maps. This language has been used to develop executable prototypes of several large software packages, including a full compiler for the new DoD Ada language. This talk will describe the man semantic features of SETL, and assess its use as a software prototying tool.
Gender modulation of Ca2+ uptake in cardiac mitochondria

Abstract Background: Mitochondrial calcium overload is an important factor in defining ischemia/reperfusion injury. Since pre-menopausal women are relatively protected from ischemia and heart disease, we tested the hypothesis that gender differences alter Ca2+ handling in rat cardiac mitochondria. Methods: Using cardiac mitochondria isolated from male, female, and ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats, we measured mitochondrial calcium transport, redox state, and membrane potential (Δψm) during exposure to a calcium bolus. Redox state was modulated using either succinate (S) or succinate and pyruvate (SP) as substrates. Results: Net Ca2+ uptake rates were significantly lower in female than male mitochondria using SP, substrate conditions that resulted in a lower redox state (NADH/NAD+). Inhibition of the mitochondrial transition pore (MTP) using cyclosporin A showed significantly lower net Ca2+ uptake in both substrate solutions when mitochondria from female and ovariectomized animals were compared to males, a finding consistent with gender modulation of the mitochondrial uniporter. Blockade of the Ca2+ uniporter by ruthenium red abolished gender or substrate solution differences in calcium release. While there were no significant differences in resting Δψm, or Δψm following Ca2+ addition, 80% of female samples recovered from Ca2+-induced depolarization compared to 57% and 43% of male and ovariectomized animals, respectively. Conclusions: Mitochondria from female hearts have lower Ca2+ uptake rates under physiologic substrate solutions (succinate/pyruvate) and are able to appropriately maintain ΔYm under conditions of high [Ca2+]. These differences are consistent with gender modulation of the Ca2+ uniporter and may be a mechanism by which female myocardium suffers less injury with ischemia/reperfusion.
Personal and family effects on loneliness

Abstract A loneliness scale was administered to a sample of 876 kindergarten through fourth- grade children; and age level, sex, and reading level were recorded. Data on family structure, maternal employment, and after-school care were obtained on a subsample of 582 children, and a sociometric rating scale was administered to a subsample of 354 children. A significant difference in loneliness was found between popular and rejected children, and the correlation between loneliness and the sociometric measure was significant, but modest. A 2 (Age Level) × 2 (School SES) × 2 (Sex) × 3 (Reading Level) ANOVA indicated that age affected loneliness, with older children reporting loneliness to a greater extent than younger children. Children from schools in lower socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhoods did not differ from children in middle SES schools, and boys and girls did not differ in loneliness. Reading level influenced loneliness, with superior readers being least lonely and below-grade level readers being loneliest. A 3 (Family Structure) × 2 (Maternal Employment) × 4 (After-School Care) ANOVA indicated that family structure affected loneliness, with children in two-parent and single-parent families being less lonely than children in other configurations. Maternal employment had no effect. Children who went home to mothers after school and children who went to organized after-school day-care programs did not differ, but these two groups differed from latchkey children and from children who had other types of after-school care.
Linking words and things: basic processes and individual variation.

Abstract This study investigates individual differences in activity or strength of the system of referential connections between verbal and nonverbal representations in the mind. Level of Referential Activity (RA) as measured by direct naming speed is related to performance in two more complex verbal performance tasks: (1) generating descriptive terms to distinguish closely related colors; and (2) generating brief spoken descriptions of a personal experience. Subjects with rapid naming speeds were more likely to produce spoken narratives high in qualities of immediacy and objectivity, and also to use a metaphoric style in generating color terms, i.e., by using terminology referring to entities outside of the color domain. Performance in both tasks indicated greater use of ‘image to word’ links in the high RA subjects; more reliance on ‘word to word’ links in the low RA group. The function involved in RA is distinct from the type of abstract ability measured by standard verbal intelligence and fluency tests, and is also distinct from imagery ability per se.
LaTeX: when word fails you

Communicating in an academic environment requires an appropriate choice of software for content delivery. Microsoft Word can be used to successfully produce documents, for a variety of needs, but has some limitations. For these occasions, TeX is an alternative. TeX (pronounced "tech") is a free, multi-platform, programmable typesetting application. It is the standard format for some academic disciplines, particularly those using mathematics, and it is required for a variety of journals. TeX uses the best known algorithm for setting lines of type, and can set items on a page with unrivaled precision. The LaTeX set of macros makes using TeX easy and is in constant development. Available packages allow users to typeset nearly anything, from linguistics and ancient Greek to screenplays. The authors support LaTeX at Reed and Williams Colleges. In this paper we will describe how LaTeX works, when to use it, and how to find additional support for LaTeX on your campus.
NON-STANDARD BOSONIZATION TECHNIQUES IN CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY

It is shown that G/H models can be constructed in terms of a number of free bosons with a stress energy tensor that contains vertex operators. Generalizations of this technique are also discussed.
SYMBOD - A computer program for the automatic generation of symbolic equations of motion for systems of hinge-connected rigid bodies

A computer program is described that can automatically generate symbolic equations of motion for systems of hinge-connected rigid bodies with tree topologies. The dynamical formulation underlying the program is outlined, and examples are given to show how a symbolic language is used to code the formulation. The program is applied to generate the equations of motion for a four-body model of the Galileo spacecraft. The resulting equations are shown to be a factor of three faster in execution time than conventional numerical subroutines.
Promise and potential of video capsule endoscopy in the emergency department

Abstract Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) represents a novel strategy to perform rapid diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract bleeding, portal hypertension, noncardiac chest pain, and other disorders. There are limited numbers of US emergency departments (EDs) that have used VCE on trial and protocol-based patient studies, but the results are encouraging. Given the expanding role of advanced diagnostic and point-of-care testing in the US EDs, VCE has great potential for future evaluation of ED gastrointestinal complaints.
Technique to protect the internal mammary artery pedicle

A simple technique to protect the internal mammary artery pedicle from injury in reoperative sternotomies is described. It consists of a pericardial window created by two pericardial flaps with displacement of the mammary pedicle away from the midline.
Optical measurement of synaptic glutamate spillover and reuptake by linker optimized glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporters

Genetically encoded sensors of glutamate concentration are based on FRET between cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins bracketing a bacterial glutamate-binding protein. Such sensors have yet to find quantitative applications in neurons, because of poor response amplitude in physiological buffers or when expressed on the neuronal cell surface. We have improved our glutamate-sensing fluorescent reporter (GluSnFR) by systematic optimization of linker sequences and glutamate affinities. Using SuperGluSnFR, which exhibits a 6.2-fold increase in response magnitude over the original GluSnFR, we demonstrate quantitative optical measurements of the time course of synaptic glutamate release, spillover, and reuptake in cultured hippocampal neurons with centisecond temporal and spine-sized spatial resolution. During burst firing, functionally significant spillover persists for hundreds of milliseconds. These glutamate levels appear sufficient to prime NMDA receptors, potentially affecting dendritic spike initiation and computation. Stimulation frequency-dependent modulation of spillover suggests a mechanism for nonsynaptic neuronal communication.
Transition to the perpendicular easy axis of magnetization in Ni ultrathin films found by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism.

Using soft-x-ray magnetic circular dichroism we have observed a change in the easy axis of magnetization in Ni ultrathin films on Cu(001) from parallel to the surface for 5--9 monolayers (ML) to perpendicular for 10--75 ML. This is an unusual effect which is counter to the predictions of magnetic surface anisotropy arguments. We conclude that the effect is due to a shape anisotropy, introduced either by a change in the Ni lattice structure or by three-dimensional morphological changes in the film.
Eliade, Joyce, and the "Nightmare of History"

rofessor Mircea Eliade, in 1949, more than a quarter of a century after the publication of Ulysses, and eight years after James Joyce's death, published Le Mythe de l'ternal retour: archetypes et repetition. In 1952 the book was translated into English as The Myth of the Eternal Return: or, Cosmos and History. In his book, Eliade notes that "the work of two of the most significant writers of our day-T. S. Eliot and James Joyce-is saturated with nostalgia for the myth of eternal repetition and, in the last analysis, for the abolition of time" (153). Joyce's Finnegans Wake, with its "thousand and one" repetitions, its Viconian cycles, its mythicizing of such Irish historical figures as Finn MacCool, and its endless form, must have attracted Eliade's attention. So also may Eliade have seen, in the fictional lives of Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus of Ulysses, a dramatization of his "primitive man" or the man of "archaic culture," and of his modern man who lacks or has denied the Judaeo-Christian faith. Joyce's Leopold Bloom, in many essential ways, is Eliade's primitive man who, lacking religious faith, relies upon myths and archetypes to overcome the "terror of history." Just as fully, Stephen Dedalus is Eliade's modern man, devoid of course of myths and archetypes but who, having denied his faith, is defeated by this terror. Eliade believes that archaic man refused to accept the earthquakes, famines, wars, and personal disasters-to accept the "terror of history"-as a mere succession of events happening in historical, profane, and linear or irreversible time. Archaic man "abolished history," for history was meaningless, unexplained and unexplainable. Instead, to make disasters "tolerable," "not absurd," he employed, with the fulness of his imagination, a wealth of archetypes, myths, and paradigms that went back to the beginning of things
Implementation of a collaborative care model for the treatment of depression and anxiety in a community health center: results from a qualitative case study

Background The collaborative care model is a systematic approach to the treatment of depression and anxiety in primary care settings that involves the integration of care managers and consultant psychiatrists, with primary care physician oversight, to more proactively manage mental disorders as chronic diseases, rather than treating acute symptoms. While collaborative care has been shown to be more effective than usual primary care in improving depression outcomes in a number of studies, less is known about the factors that support the translation of this evidence-based intervention to real-world program implementation. The purpose of this case study was to examine the implementation of a collaborative care model in a community based primary care clinic that primarily serves a low-income, uninsured Latino population, in order to better understand the interdisciplinary relationships and the specific elements that might facilitate broader implementation. Methods An embedded single-case study design was chosen in order to thoroughly examine the components of one of several programs within a single organization. The main unit of analysis was semi-structured interviews that were conducted with seven clinical and administrative staff members. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze the interviews. Line-by-line initial coding resulted in over 150 initial codes, which were clustered together to rebuild the data into preliminary categories and then divided into four final categories, or main themes. Results FOUR UNIQUE THEMES ABOUT HOW THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A COLLABORATIVE CARE MODEL WORKED IN THIS SETTING EMERGED FROM THE INTERVIEWS: organizational change, communication, processes and outcomes of the program, and barriers to implementation. Each main theme had a number of subthemes that provided a detailed description of the implementation process and how it was unique in this setting. Conclusion The results indicated that adequate training and preparation, acceptance and support from key personnel, communication barriers, tools for systematic follow-up and measurement, and organizational stability can significantly impact successful implementation. Further research is necessary to understand how organizational challenges may affect outcomes for patients.
FUNCTIONAL ESTIMATES OF JAPANESE GOVERNMENT DOMESTIC EXPENDITURES, FISCAL 1952–1963

The purpose of the paper is to describe current and constant price estimates of Japanese central and local government postwar domestic expenditures by economic type and function recently completed by Miss Yoshiko Kido, International Christian University, Tokyo, and myself. The rationale of the functional classification is to estimate those government expenditures which enhance the economy's productive capacity. Expenditures are divided into four broad functional categories: developmental, disaster repair and prevention, social welfare, and general government. These four categories are subdivided to two levels of disaggregation. We were able to break down government fixed investment, government enterprise inventory investment, current domestic transfers and subsidies into 42 functional components. For constant price series, each functional component by economic type was deflated by separate price indexes. We followed the Economic Planning Agency's procedure for the official national accounts of assuming no productivity change in the provision of government services. Our results are generally comparable to the official national accounts estimates. The major difference is that we attribute considerably more fixed investment to local governments, and correspondingly less to the central level. Government expenditures had the following characteristics. Growth was rapid; in real terms the public sector use of the economy's resources in 1963 was 2.2 times more than in 1952. The elasticity of government expenditures to GNP was unity in current prices, slightly less in real terms. The government postwar share in GNP has been smaller than in European nations and, unlike them, was not rising. This reflects the underlying growth strategy of emphasis upon private business fixed investment. Government consumption expenditures declined relative to GNP, and investment rose. Developmental expenditures comprised the largest share (40–45 per cent) of the government total. The elasticities to GNP of government expenditures by economic and functional categories are provided and discussed. A simple test was made of the cyclical relationship of government expenditures (both total and by category) to GNP. The results suggest that government expenditures, rather than contra-cyclical, were pro-cyclical in effect.
A constant flux rate variable-frequency hysteresis loop generator having wide dynamic range

The circuit described generates a constant alternating-polarity time-rate-of-change of magnetic or electric flux. Commutation is performed automatically when a prescribed degree of saturation has been attained. The circuit has been operated over the frequency range 1 μHz to 1 kHz.
Black Adoption Placement and Research Center at 25: Placing African-American Children in Permanent Homes (1983–2008)

The Black Adoption Research and Placement Center is a nonprofit organization delivering culturally specific adoption and foster care services. The organization developed as a response to concerns in the African-American community about the high numbers of African-American children entering and not exiting the public foster care system. The organization has undergone significant transformations over its 25-year history in relation to social, political, and economic changes that have altered the ways that the agency finances and delivers services. The history of Black Adoption Research and Placement Center presents an organization that has weathered many challenges because of its strong leadership, its committed governing body, its external relationships, and its internal operations.
High-statistics study of the reactions π − p → K − K + n and π + n → K − K + p at 6 GeV/ c

The Argonne Effective Mass Spectrometer has been used for a high-precision study of the reactions ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}n$ (110000 events) and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}p$ (50000 events) at 6 GeV/c for ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ masses below 1750 MeV and momentum transfers $\ensuremath{-}tl0.40$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$. Comparison of the two reactions isolates interferences between isospin-0 and isospin-1 ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ states. We observe $f\ensuremath{-}{A}_{2}^{0}$, ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}{A}_{2}^{0}$, and $f\ensuremath{-}{f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ interferences in the ${Y}_{4}^{0}$ moment and find ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ production to have a substantial contribution from some mechanism other than pion exchange. We present values for the ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mass (1506 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 5 MeV), width (66 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10 MeV), and branching ratio [$({f}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}}{{f}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})=(1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)%$]. The relative $f\ensuremath{-}{f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ production phase is found to be 170 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}; the ${2}^{++}$ nonet mixing angle is determined to be 32.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, which is less than the ideal value. The measured relative $f\ensuremath{-}{A}_{2}^{0}$ production phase of (${63}_{\ensuremath{-}15}^{+11}$)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} confirms a prediction of Irving and Michael based on duality and vectormeson production studies. The $\overline{K}K$ branching ratio of the $f$ meson is measured to be $(f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{\overline{K}K}{f}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{all})=(3.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)%$. An SU(3) prediction for the ratio of the $\ensuremath{\rho}\mathrm{KK}$ to the $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ coupling is found to agree with the data. In addition to the isospin-0 ${S}^{*}$, substantial isospin-1 $S$-wave production is observed near the ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+}$ threshold and the effects of the recently reported $S$-wave enhancement of mass \ensuremath{\sim}1300 MeV are observed. Our results show that the enhancement has isospin 0, with a slow variation of phase.
An Examination Of Traditional Business Case Studies - Are They Outdated In Today's Technology Connected Environment?

The paper examines the effectiveness of using business case studies in today's Internet connected environment. The findings show that 87.8% of Harvard Business Review case solutions are commonly available on the Internet and that students can find an answer within 7.37 minutes. Based on this evidence, the authors contend that current use of business case studies as a learning tool requires a different approach. Standard case questions are no longer sufficient to ensure learning. Alternate approaches suggested are: students developing their own case analysis format, using local companies and data, the Real-Time Case Method, changing classifications and framing of cases, and contrasting case analysis.
Pulmonary Drug Delivery System for inhalation therapy in mechanically ventilated patients

The Pulmonary Drug Delivery System (PDDS) Clinical represents a newer generation of electronic nebulizers that employ a vibrating mesh or aperture plate to generate an aerosol. The PDDS Clinical is designed for aerosol therapy in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The components of the device include a control module that is connected to the nebulizer/reservoir unit by a cable. The nebulizer contains Aerogen's OnQ aerosol generator. A pressure sensor monitors the pressure in the inspiratory limb of the ventilator circuit and provides feedback to the control module. Based on the feedback from the pressure sensor, aerosol generation occurs only during a specific part of the respiratory cycle. In bench models, the PDDS Clinical has high efficiency for aerosol delivery both on and off the ventilator, with a lower respiratory tract delivery of 50-70% of the nominal dose. Currently, the PDDS Clinical is being evaluated for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia with aerosolized amikacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Preliminary studies in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia found that the administration of amikacin via PDDS reduced the need for concomitant intravenous antibiotics; however, more definitive clinical studies are needed. The PDDS Clinical delivers a high percentage of the nominal dose to the lower respiratory tract, and is well suited for inhalation therapy in mechanically ventilated patients.
Do you know your students' basic clinical skills exposure?

Abstract Background Undergraduate medical education in the United States is changing. Many medical schools have developed a set of basic clinical skills (BCS) that all students are required to have mastered; however, very few have acquired objective information regarding specific student experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine the BCS encounters for junior medical students at a large midwestern university utilizing a handheld personal digital assistant (PDA). Methods A core curriculum of BCS was proposed and involved 52 procedures/skills. An electronic BCS database was developed utilizing HanDBase software and then placed on a PDA (Palm) and distributed to 25 third-year medical students randomly as they entered their clinical year. Students logged their skill encounters for 9 months and then electronically transferred the database by e-mail. Results Students participated in 1,115 procedural/skill encounters (range 17 to 90; median 41; average 44.6). Of the 52 core BCS, all students performed 10. Fewer than 50% of students had any exposure to very common skills. Thirty-four percent of skill encounters occurred at a county hospital, 19% at a clinic, 10% at a university hospital, 10% at a private hospital, 7% at a VA hospital, 4% at a children’s hospital, and 16% at miscellaneous locations. Conclusions The PDA devices were simple and convenient to use, while allowing for easy transfer and tabulation of database information by electronic mail. Significant gaps in BCS exposure were noted across the curriculum. Mentor sign-off on the PDA permitted early feedback opportunities. We can now begin to reward educators for skills mentoring and perform formal assessment of BCS within specific clerkships to enhance future educational objectives.
OFDM-Based Common Control Channel Design for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) technology allows devices to opportunistically use the vacant portions of the licensed wireless spectrum. However, the available spectrum changes dynamically with the primary user (PU) activity, necessitating frequent PU sensing coordination and exchanging network topology information in a multihop CR ad hoc network. To facilitate these tasks, an always-on, out-of-band common control channel (CCC) design is proposed that uses noncontiguous OFDM subcarriers placed within the guard bands separating the channels of the licensed spectrum. First, the task of choosing the OFDM-specific parameters, including the number, power, and bandwidth of the subcarriers is formulated as a feasibility problem to ensure that the CCC does not adversely interfere with the PU operation. Second, for unicast messaging between a given pair of users, a subset of the guard bands may be chosen, which allows an additional measure of protection for the adjacent PU spectrum. For this, the multiarm bandit algorithm is used that allows the guard band selection to evolve over time based on the observed interference from the PU. Results reveal that our proposed CCC ensures connectivity and improved PU protection with a limited trade-off in data rate when compared to frequency-hopping and cluster-based CCC schemes.
Comparative study of fast MR imaging: quantitative analysis on image quality and efficiency among various time frames and contrast behaviors.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to quantitatively compare the image quality and efficiency provided by widely available fast MR imaging pulse sequences. A composite phantom with various T1 and T2 values and subjected to periodic motion was imaged at 1.5 T. The fast MRI sequences evaluated included fast spin-echo (FSE), single shot fast spin-echo (SSFSE), echo-planar imaging (EPI), multi-slice gradient recalled (MPGR), fast MPGR (FMPGR), and fast multi-slice spoiled gradient echo (FMPSPGR). T1-weighted (T1WI), T2-weighted (T2WI), proton-density-weighted (PDWI), and T2∗-weighted (T2∗WI) images were evaluated in breath-hold and non-breath-hold time frames. Analysis included measurement of image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), nonuniformity, ghosting ratio, SNR per unit time and CNR per unit time. Among fast T2WI sequences, FSE with breath-hold time frame resulted in the highest image quality and in superior SNR and CNR efficiency by a factor of 5 or 6 as compared with conventional spin echo sequence. Among fast T1WI sequences, FMPGR and FMPSPGR both with non-breath-hold time frame produced the highest image quality and SNR and CNR efficiency by a factor of greater than 5 as compared with conventional spin echo. Among fast PDWI and T2∗WI sequences, FSE produced the highest SNR and CNR, and was maximally efficient with a factors of greater than 6 as compared with conventional spin echo.
Hypoxia Tolerance of Larvae and Pupae of the Semi-Terrestrial Caddisfly (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

The caddisfly, Ironoquia plattensis Alexander and Whiles, is a benthic macroinvertebrate endemic to the backwater sloughs and prairie wetlands in central Nebraska. These areas are subject to spring rains which wane to subsequent drying, and I. plattensis larvae are adapted to this hydric cycle, partitioning time as larvae in water and on land. Flooding, especially soil flooding, causes severe hypoxia, and most terrestrial organisms that are trapped underwater drown in a short period of time. Shallow, warm waters (>30°C) and aquatic environments that receive high nutrients can also experience severe hypoxia as a result of algal blooms, decomposition, and high biological oxygen demand. We exposed aquatic larvae, terrestrial larvae, and pupae of I. plattensis to severely hypoxic water and found that pupae were most sensitive, having a lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50) of 3.14 and 7.67 h, at 20 and 10°C, respectively. Aquatic fifth instars had an LT50 of 44.17 and 74.21 h and terrestrial larvae survived 61.68 and 89.89 h, at 20 and 10°C, respectively. The hypoxia tolerance of terrestrial larval stages suggests an adaptation to flooding while the sensitivity of the pupal stage suggests that fall flooding could cause significant mortality.