cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Generative/Discriminative Approach To Citation Prediction

Text documents of varying nature (e.g., summary documents written by analysts or published, scientific papers) often cite others as a means of providing evidence to support a claim, attributing credit, or referring the reader to related work. We address the problem of predicting a document’s cited sources by introducing a novel, discriminative approach which combines a content-based generative model (LDA) with author-based features. Further, our classifier is able to learn the importance and quality of each topic within our corpus – which can be useful beyond this task – and preliminary results suggest its metric is competitive with other standard metrics (Topic Coherence). Our flagship system, Logit-Expanded, provides state-of-the-art performance on the largest corpus ever used for this task.
Auto-grading for parallel programs

Fundamentals of Parallel Programming (COMP 322) is a required course for all Computer Science majors at Rice University. It introduces students to several basic concepts of parallel programming and parallel algorithms and follows a "pedagogic approach that exposes students to intellectual challenges in parallel software without enmeshing them in jargon and lower-level details of today's parallel systems". The material from COMP 322 has also been used in related courses at other universities including Harvey Mudd College and Brigham Young University.Currently, programming assignments in this class are manually graded by teaching assistants (TAs) for correctness, performance, style, and documentation. Students receive limited feedback as they progress through the assignment because TAs grade their homework only after the submission of a final version. Auto-graders are a common solution to this problem: they allow students to receive feedback as they work on their assignments rather than only after they have completed them. This results in higher quality submissions by allowing students to learn from mistakes as they make them, rather than days or weeks later. It also prevents the development of bad habits or mislearned knowledge by addressing mistakes early.Web-CAT is an advanced, customizable, and comprehensive automated grading system developed at Virginia Tech. It supports many models for program grading, assessment, and feedback generation. This paper describes our work on extending Web-CAT to address the requirements of Rice University's introductory parallel programming course, thereby creating infrastructure that can be used for similar courses at other universities and in online courses. Our system is planned for deployment in Spring 2016, hence this paper focuses on the design and implementation of this system.
Replicated transactions

A scheme to replicate transactions is described. The scheme allows a k-replicated transaction to survive (k-1) failures. No coordination among the k replicas is needed until one of them reaches the end and proceeds to abort the others. Consequently, the scheme avoids the overhead and delay caused by failure detection reconfiguration, and synchronization during the k replicas' execution. A robust commit protocol to choose the transaction replica that should be committed and a procedure to choose the nodes on which a transaction replica is executed are described. The goal of the procedure is to maximize reliability. >
Multiclass Carcinogenic DNA Adduct Quantification in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

DNA adducts are a measure of internal exposure to genotoxicants and an important biomarker for human risk assessment. However, the employment of DNA adducts as biomarkers in human studies is often restricted because fresh-frozen tissues are not available. In contrast, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with clinical diagnosis are readily accessible. Recently, our laboratory reported that DNA adducts of aristolochic acid, a carcinogenic component of Aristolochia herbs used in traditional Chinese medicines worldwide, can be recovered quantitatively from FFPE tissues. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of our method for retrieval of DNA adducts from archived tissue by measuring DNA adducts derived from four other classes of human carcinogens: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aromatic amines, heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), and N-nitroso compounds (NOCs). Deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts of the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetra...
Association of Environmental Toxins With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Importance Persistent environmental pollutants may represent a modifiable risk factor involved in the gene-time-environment hypothesis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Objective To evaluate the association of occupational exposures and environmental toxins on the odds of developing ALS in Michigan. Design, Setting, and Participants Case-control study conducted between 2011 and 2014 at a tertiary referral center for ALS. Cases were patients diagnosed as having definitive, probable, probable with laboratory support, or possible ALS by revised El Escorial criteria; controls were excluded if they were diagnosed as having ALS or another neurodegenerative condition or if they had a family history of ALS in a first- or second-degree blood relative. Participants completed a survey assessing occupational and residential exposures. Blood concentrations of 122 persistent environmental pollutants, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), were measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Multivariable models with self-reported occupational exposures in various exposure time windows and environmental toxin blood concentrations were separately fit by logistic regression models. Concordance between the survey data and pollutant measurements was assessed using the nonparametric Kendall τ correlation coefficient. Main Outcomes and Measures Occupational and residential exposures to environmental toxins, and blood concentrations of 122 persistent environmental pollutants, including OCPs, PCBs, and BFRs. Results Participants included 156 cases (mean [SD] age, 60.5 [11.1] years; 61.5% male) and 128 controls (mean [SD] age, 60.4 [9.4] years; 57.8% male); among them, 101 cases and 110 controls had complete demographic and pollutant data. Survey data revealed that reported pesticide exposure in the cumulative exposure windows was significantly associated with ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 5.09; 95% CI, 1.85-13.99; P = .002). Military service was also associated with ALS in 2 time windows (exposure ever happened in entire occupational history: OR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.02-5.25; P = .046; exposure ever happened 10-30 years ago: OR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.01-4.73; P = .049). A multivariable model of measured persistent environmental pollutants in the blood, representing cumulative occupational and residential exposure, showed increased odds of ALS for 2 OCPs (pentachlorobenzene: OR = 2.57; 95% CI, 1.31-5.02; P = .006; and cis -chlordane: OR = 6.51; 95% CI, 2.05-20.73; P = .002) and 1 PCB (PCB 151: OR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.03-2.67; P = .04. There was modest concordance between survey data and the measurements of persistent environmental pollutants in blood; significant Kendall τ correlation coefficients ranged from −0.18 (Dacthal and “use pesticides to treat home or yard”) to 0.24 ( trans -nonachlor and “store lawn care products in garage”). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, persistent environmental pollutants measured in blood were significantly associated with ALS and may represent modifiable ALS disease risk factors.
Selection of Dynamic Current of Neutral Reactor on 1000kV Transmission System

The method of calculating neutral reactor dynamic current is studied to enable neutral reactor working safely.Different calculation methods of neutral reactor dynamic current are compared and analyzed,and the relations of various currents(including sustained current,10srated short-time current,2srated short-time current and dynamic current)are introduced by process figure of calculating dynamic current.It is revealed that the dynamic current depends on the peek of maximal current flowing through neutral reactor,and EMTP should be used to calculate the dynamic current.The required working conditions of calculating neutral reactor dynamic current of 1000kV AC double circuits transmission system on the same tower are put forward,moreover,based on Huainan-Shanghai UHV transmission system,the AC component and transient value of short-time current are obtained,respectively,finally,the required dynamic current value of neutral reactor is proposed.
Analysis of plasma-modes of a gated bilayer system in high electron mobility transistors

We present rigorous analytical and computational models to study the plasma-waves in a gated-bilayer system present in a double-channel high electron mobility transistor. By analytically deriving the dispersion relations, we have identified the optical and acoustic modes in such systems. We find that the presence of the metal gate selectively modifies the optical plasmons of an ungated-bilayer, while the acoustic plasmons remain largely unchanged. Analysis shows that these modified optical plasmons could be advantageous for resonant and non-resonant plasma-wave devices. The paper further serves to verify our analytical formulae using a full-wave hydrodynamic numerical solver, based on finite difference time domain algorithm. Using the solver, we examine these modes in the gated/ungated bilayers under a plane wave excitation. We observe that, most incident power couples to the optical mode for such an excitation. Nevertheless, acoustic modes can also be excited, if the discontinuity dimensions are optimized accordingly. These observations are also explained using 2D field-plots for the first time, thus providing intuitive understanding of the plasmon excitation in the bilayers.
Biological responses to engineered nanomaterials: Needs for the next decade

The interaction of nanomaterials with biomolecules, cells, and organisms is an enormously vital area of current research, with applications in nanoenabled diagnostics, imaging agents, therapeutics, and contaminant removal technologies. Yet the potential for adverse biological and environmental impacts of nanomaterial exposure is considerable and needs to be addressed to ensure sustainable development of nanomaterials. In this Outlook four research needs for the next decade are outlined: (i) measurement of the chemical nature of nanomaterials in dynamic, complex aqueous environments; (ii) real-time measurements of nanomaterial–biological interactions with chemical specificity; (iii) delineation of molecular modes of action for nanomaterial effects on living systems as functions of nanomaterial properties; and (iv) an integrated systems approach that includes computation and simulation across orders of magnitude in time and space.
TREATMENT OF SHOCK FOLLOWING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. DIVERSE ACTIONS OF DRUGS USED.

Almost every drug used in the treatment of myocardial infarction accompanied by shock can have serious adverse effects. Inadequate myocardial contractility apparently is at least partly responsible for the hypotension. Accordingly, sympathomimetic amines having direct myocardial actions (norepinephrine, mephentermine, metaraminol) appear to be more suitable than amines having little or no myocardial effect (methoxamine, phenylephrine). However, therapy must be tailored to individual needs; the amines are not interchangeable.
Abstract 1038: Exploiting ROS and metabolic differences to selectively killing cisplatin resistant lung cancer

Cisplatin resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of lung cancer. We have discovered that cisplatin resistant (CR) lung cancer cells, regardless of the KRAS mutation status, share one common parameter which is increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to their parental cells counterpart. Importantly, we found that CR cells were no longer addicted to the glycolytic pathway, but rather relied on oxidative metabolism (OXMET) for energy and biosynthesis. Thus, alteration in mitochondria which resulted in metabolic changes and higher basal levels of ROS may be one of the major factors contributing to cisplatin resistance. We have investigated mitochondrial morphology in parental vs. CR cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data clearly showed that CR cells possessed significantly higher number of mitochondria per total cell area (n = 4; p = 0.0006). CR cells also consumed 2-4 fold more oxygen when compared to their parental cells. To further confirm that oxidative phosphorylation was utilized more in CR cells, we assayed mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using TMRE staining. MMP was significantly higher in CR cells suggesting that CR cells possess highly active mitochondria. Key glycolytic enzymes hexokinase II (HKII) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), as well as lactate production were decreased in all CR cell lines which corresponded to the resistance to glycolytic inhibitor, 2DG (n = 8; p Citation Format: Medhi Wangpaichitr, Chunjing Wu, Ying Ying Li, Sumedh Shah, Shu-Mei Chen, Vy Dinh, Macus T. Kuo, Lynn G. Feun, Niramol Savaraj. Exploiting ROS and metabolic differences to selectively killing cisplatin resistant lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1038.
Critical Literacy for Information Professionals edited by Sarah McNichol

Critical literacy is a concept that should concern all information professionals and educators. As editor of this volume, Sarah McNichol writes in the introduction “there is no single accepted defi...
Distribution system multi-domain simulation tool for wind power analysis

This paper develops an integrated multi-domain simulation tool for distribution systems designed specifically for applications in wind power analysis. The proposed tool consists of steady-state, electromechanical transient, and electromagnetic transient models of voltage sources, transmission lines, transformers, capacitor banks, fixed-speed wind turbines (FSWTs), and wide-slip wind turbines (WSWTs). The test circuit used to demonstrate the multi-domain simulation approach is the IEEE four-node test feeder with a wind turbine connected at the feeder end. The simulation is performed for a one-day period. During this period, wind speed changes every ten minutes, a capacitor is switched on and off, and a temporary single-line-to-ground fault occurs. The results show that the proposed multi-domain simulation tool is able to simulate and analyze long-term power system phenomena.
Ocean Scout : Conversion to a multi-service vessel

In today's offshore market some older, smaller, and obsolete semisubmersible drilling rigs are finding a newplace in the offshore industry as multi-service vessels capable of an array of tasks. During the spring academic semester at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, the ocean engineering senior design class of 22 students, working with industry and faculty advisors, produced a preliminary design for the conversion of the semisubmersible Ocean Scout to a multi-service vessel for operation in the Gulf of Mexico. This report explains the major topics of the project addressed by the class which include vessel additions to create a variable deck load of 3000 long tons, a dynamic positioning system capable of stationkeeping in a one-year, nonhurricane storm event, and an economic analysis of the conversion for a five year project life producing a 38 month payback period.
GLAST: Launched and Being Commissioned - Status and Prospects for Microquasars

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) is a next generation high energy gamma-ray observatory launched in June 2008. The primary instrument is the Large Area Telescope (LAT), which will measure gamma-ray flux and spectra from 20 MeV to > 300 GeV and is a successor to the highly successful EGRET experiment on CGRO. The LAT has better angular resolution, greater effective area, wider field of view and broader energy coverage than any previous experiment in this energy range. An overview of the LAT instrument design and construction is presented which includes performance estimates with particular emphasis on how these apply to studies of microquasars. Early results on LS I +61 303 detection are presented.
De Sitter Space as a Tensor Network: Cosmic No-Hair, Complementarity, and Complexity

We investigate the proposed connection between de Sitter spacetime and the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) tensor network, and ask what can be learned via such a construction. We show that the quantum state obeys a cosmic no-hair theorem: the reduced density operator describing a causal patch of the MERA asymptotes to a fixed point of a quantum channel, just as spacetimes with a positive cosmological constant asymptote to de Sitter space. The MERA is potentially compatible with a weak form of complementarity (local physics only describes single patches at a time, but the overall Hilbert space is infinite dimensional) or, with certain specific modifications to the tensor structure, a strong form (the entire theory describes only a single patch plus its horizon, in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space). We also suggest that de Sitter evolution has an interpretation in terms of circuit complexity, as has been conjectured for anti–de Sitter space.
School Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management

While schools are safer today than in years past, one act of school violence is one too many. Recent reports have conveyed the importance of schools developing and implementing protocols and procedures to prevent or mitigate school violence. To assist with this task, this article addresses behavioral threat assessment and management (BTAM) in the K-12 school setting and the school psychologist’s role in risk and threat assessment. Best practices in establishing a K-12 behavioral threat assessment and management process, including the assessment of risk factors and warning signs, identification of concerns, and follow-up interventions and monitoring are discussed. Ethical and legal considerations are also reviewed.
Extending density functional embedding theory for covalently bonded systems.

Quantum embedding theory aims to provide an efficient solution to obtain accurate electronic energies for systems too large for full-scale, high-level quantum calculations. It adopts a hierarchical approach that divides the total system into a small embedded region and a larger environment, using different levels of theory to describe each part. Previously, we developed a density-based quantum embedding theory called density functional embedding theory (DFET), which achieved considerable success in metals and semiconductors. In this work, we extend DFET into a density-matrix–based nonlocal form, enabling DFET to study the stronger quantum couplings between covalently bonded subsystems. We name this theory density-matrix functional embedding theory (DMFET), and we demonstrate its performance in several test examples that resemble various real applications in both chemistry and biochemistry. DMFET gives excellent results in all cases tested thus far, including predicting isomerization energies, proton transfer energies, and highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps for local chromophores. Here, we show that DMFET systematically improves the quality of the results compared with the widely used state-of-the-art methods, such as the simple capped cluster model or the widely used ONIOM method.
Self-Interest and Rationality: Introduction

Scholars have constantly debated the question of human nature and the forces that direct human action. The debate has comprised two distinct paradigms: the view that human action is primarily driven by considerations of self-interestself-interest, or the view that humans possess a benevolent nature that is attentive to the interests of others. An intellectual history of self-interest will naturally lead to a discussion of rationalityrationality, a concept that has gained singular predominance in modern social and economic thought. Part 4 examines the position of Islamic thought within this broader debate in the history of ideas. Specifically, we examine the Islamic position on the “invisible handinvisible hand” thesis and the relationship between private and public interests. We also survey its position with regards to efficiency, maximization, and economic rationality.
Differences in HIV Risk Behaviors Between Self-Identified Gay and Bisexual Young Men Who are HIV-Negative.

Young men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV, but it remains unclear whether there are differences in HIV risk behaviors between self-identified gay and bisexual young men. To address this, the current study examined differences in condomless sex and substance use before sex with male partners between self-identified gay and bisexual young men who are HIV-negative. Additionally, we examined differences in HIV risk behaviors with male versus female partners among the bisexual men. We used four waves of data spanning 24 months from a cohort of young MSM ages 16–29. At each wave, participants reported on up to four partners, allowing us to examine within-person associations. Compared to gay men, bisexual men reported more insertive condomless anal sex (CAS) with casual partners, they were more likely to report marijuana use before sex, and they were less likely to report lifetime HIV testing and PrEP use. Alcohol and marijuana use before sex were associated with CAS for both gay and bisexual men, but the association between marijuana use and insertive CAS was stronger for bisexual men. Bisexual men reported more condomless sex with female partners compared to male partners, but this was not significant after accounting for alcohol and marijuana use. Bisexual men were more likely to report alcohol and marijuana use with female partners compared to male partners, but both alcohol and marijuana use were associated with condomless sex regardless of partner gender. Findings support the need for tailored HIV prevention for self-identified bisexual men to address their lack of preventive behaviors, their increased engagement in certain risk behaviors with male partners, and their engagement in risk behaviors with female partners.
A Biomimetic Synthesis of des-Hydroxy Paecilospirone

The carbon framework of des-hydroxy paecilospirone was rapidly synthesized using a biomimetic approach whereby an enol ether and an ortho-quinone methide (o-QM), each derived from the same lactone, were combined to arrive at the complete carbon skeleton of paecilospirone.
International Norms in Ethno-Territorial Disputes: Legitimacy and Efficacy in Outsiders’ Views of Independence and Irredentism

Ethno-national territorial disputes typically involve conflicting homeland claims between states and minority ethnic groups. Where such minority ethnic groups have cross-border ethnic kin who thems...
Coefficient Identification in Elliptic Differential Equations

An outline is given for new variational approach to the problem of computing the (possibly discontinuous) coefficient functions p, q, and f in elliptic equations of the form —\( - \nabla \cdot \left( {p\left( x \right)\nabla u} \right) + \lambda q\left( x \right)u = f,\), x ∈ Ω ⊂ ℝ n , from a knowledge of the solutions u.
Marijuana Use in Adults Living with Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: Legal access to marijuana, most frequently as "medical marijuana," is becoming more common in the United States, but most states do not specify sickle cell disease as a qualifying condition. We were aware that some of our patients living with sickle cell disease used illicit marijuana, and we sought more information about this. Materials and Methods: We practice at an urban, academic medical center and provide primary, secondary, and tertiary care for ∼130 adults living with sickle cell disease. We surveyed our patients with a brief, anonymous, paper-and-pen instrument. We reviewed institutional records for clinically driven urine drug testing. We tracked patient requests for certification for medical marijuana. Results: Among 58 patients surveyed, 42% reported marijuana use within the past 2 years. Among users, most endorsed five medicinal indications; a minority reported recreational use. Among 57 patients who had at least one urine drug test, 18% tested positive for cannabinoids only, 12% tested positive for cocaine and/or phencyclidine only, and 5% tested positive for both cannabinoids and cocaine/phencyclidine. Subsequent to these studies, sickle cell disease became a qualifying condition for medical marijuana in our state. In the interval ∼1.5 years, 44 patients have requested certification. Conclusion: Our findings and those of others create a rationale for research into the possible therapeutic effects of marijuana or cannabinoids, the presumed active constituents of marijuana, in sickle cell disease. Explicit inclusion of sickle cell disease as a qualifying condition for medical marijuana might reduce illicit marijuana use and related risks and costs to both persons living with sickle cell disease and society.
Millimeter Waves, Millisecond Delays

Two simultaneous revolutionary changes are occurring in networking: the advent of mmWave networks and the advent of applications that require end-to-end delays of the order of a few milliseconds. mmWave is the first physical layer technology that promises huge wireless bandwidth, but with very poor reliability as a result of its vulnerability to blockage (optical fiber offers high reliability and high bandwidth; sub-6Ghz microwave networks offer lower bandwidth but graceful bandwidth degradation that can be mitigated). The emergence of the need for ultra-low delays for haptic communications and control loops in self-driving cars and other sensor-based applications, has radically changed the requirements for layers above the physical layer. These two changes transform standard networking problems and will lead to a new wave of research. Examples will be used to illustrate this paradigm shift.
Using Actigraphy to Predict the Ecological Momentary Assessment of Mood, Fatigue, and Cognition in Older Adulthood: Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Sleep quality has been associated with cognitive and mood outcomes in otherwise healthy older adults. However, most studies have evaluated sleep quality as aggregate and mean measures, rather than addressing the impact of previous night’s sleep on next-day functioning. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the ability of previous night’s sleep parameters on self-reported mood, cognition, and fatigue to understand short-term impacts of sleep quality on next-day functioning. Methods: In total, 73 cognitively healthy older adults (19 males, 54 females) completed 7 days of phone-based self-report questions, along with 24-hour actigraph data collection. We evaluated a model of previous night’s sleep parameters as predictors of mood, fatigue, and perceived thinking abilities the following day. Results: Previous night’s sleep predicted fatigue in the morning and midday, as well as sleepiness or drowsiness in the morning; however, sleep measures did not predict subjective report of mood or perceived thinking abilities the following day. Conclusions: This study suggests that objectively measured sleep quality from the previous night may not have a direct or substantial relationship with subjective reporting of cognition or mood the following day, despite frequent patient reports. Continued efforts to examine the relationship among cognition, sleep, and everyday functioning are encouraged.
Characterizing Meta-Lens Performance as a Function of Refractive Index

Sub-wavelength diffractive optics, commonly known as metasurfaces, have recently garnered significant attention for their ability to create ultra-thin flat lenses with extremely short focal lengths. Several materials with different refractive indices have been used to create meta-lenses. In this paper, we analyze the role of material refractive indices in the performance of a meta-lens. We employ both forward and inverse design methodologies to perform our analysis. We found that, while high refractive index materials allow for extreme reduction of the focal length, for moderate focal lengths and numerical aperture (<0.6), there is no appreciable difference in focal spot-size and focusing efficiency for metalenses made of different materials with refractive indices between n= 1.25 to n=3.5.
Individual Differences in Language Processing: Phonology

Individual variation is ubiquitous and empirically observable in most phonological behaviors, yet relatively few studies aim to capture the heterogeneity of language processing among individuals, a...
Using a Marketing Approach to Improve Congregational Worship

This is an empirical study, which employs factor analysis, regression analysis, and analysis of variance to identify attributes which determine worshippers' satisfaction in a church.
Economic feasibility of recycling rare earth oxides from end-of-life lighting technologies

Abstract Transition to efficient lighting technologies, such as fluorescent and LED lamps, is an important strategy to mitigate climate change. However, it also increases the demand for critical materials such as rare earth oxides (REOs). While recycling can alleviate the dependence on primary REOs, recycling these materials from lighting technologies is currently economically infeasible, limiting its adoption. As more REOs will become available for recycling, the economy of scale is expected to reduce the cost, therefore improving their circularity. Here we analyze the effects that the scale of recycling operation and REO prices have on the economic feasibility of REO recycling using dynamic material flow analysis and technology learning curve approaches. Our results show that end-of-life REOs from lighting technologies are expected to peak between 2020 and 2027. Increasing recycling plant capacity can reduce cost from about $7200/t REO phosphors at 100 t/yr capacity to about $2500/t REO phosphors at 1500 t/yr capacity. Nevertheless, we found that REO recycling would not be economically feasible under 2018 REO prices, irrespective of scale. For a plant at 800 t/yr capacity, recycling becomes profitable only after a threefold increase from 2018 REO prices. The break-even point can be further reduced at a larger scale. Our results suggest that scaling-up recycling plants in the course of growing volume of end-of-life lighting technologies alone will not automatically increase REO recycling under current market conditions. Significant improvement of REO recycling rate in lighting technologies would therefore require substantially higher REO prices or commensurate policy interventions.
Personalized Privacy Preservation in Consumer Mobile Trajectories

Consumer location tracking is becoming omnipresent on mobile devices, producing massive volumes of behavior-rich location data and an elaborate multi-billion dollar ecosystem consisting of consumers providing data, third-party data collectors aggregating data, and advertisers using the data for targeting. While such entities can benefit from accessing location data, potential privacy risks do exist. This calls for the data collector to develop an effective privacy-preserving framework before sharing data with advertisers to balance the privacy risks to consumers and data utility to advertisers. We hence propose a personalized framework for the data collector to quantify the consumer-level privacy risks and perform consumer-level data obfuscation to accomplish the privacy-utility trade-off. The framework is also flexible and generalizable to accommodate a variety of risks and utilities. We illustrate the power of the framework with two specific privacy risks (inference of a sensitive attribute such as home location, and re-identification of a consumer from a subset of locations known apriori) and two utilities (location prediction and activity-timing prediction) with machine learning methods. Validating the framework on one million consumer trajectories, we demonstrate the potential privacy risks in the absence of data obfuscation. For instance, an individual's home location can be predicted with 84% success, or within an average radius of 2.5 miles; a consumer (and hence his/her entire trajectory) can be fully identified with 49% success by knowing merely two randomly sampled locations visited by the consumer. Outperforming multiple baselines from the latest literature, the proposed framework significantly reduces each consumer's privacy risk (e.g., by 15% in home inference) while preserving an advertiser's utility. As novel and powerful mobile location data become increasingly leveraged by business leaders, this research offers a personalized and generalizable framework that balances privacy risks and data utilities to sustain a healthier ecosystem based on location data.
Blunted prefrontal signature of proactive inhibitory control in cocaine use disorder.

Abstract Background Impulsivity is an established risk factor for substance use disorder (SUD). Integral to SUD recovery is proactive control (leveraging information about a potential need for behavioral restraint to marshal increased cognitive resources toward inhibition) when cues for drug use are unavoidable. However, proactive control is little studied in SUD, and is merely inferred from post-error performance adjustments. Methods We probed covert neurocircuit signatures of proactive control in persons with SUD, as well as the moderating effects of incentives for successfully exerting proactive control. We administered a Monetary Incentive Stop Task (MIST) during functional magnetic resonance imaging of adults with cocaine use disorder (CUD; n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 21). The MIST blended the reward and loss-anticipatory cues of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task with a variant of the Stop-Signal Task, in which target color signaled whether or not withholding a response might be necessary. Results In controls, but not in CUD participants, targets that signaled a potential need to stop (as a contrast with targets that signaled no need to stop) activated portions of right operculum akin to activation commonly elicited by stop signals, despite no actual stop signal. Across all participants, this proactive control activation did not relate to task behavior or to questionnaire impulsivity. Anticipatory incentive cues did not recruit ventral striatum. Conclusions These data suggest that persons with CUD show blunted covert signatures of attention and proactive control. This potentially accounts in part for the role of poor executive function in relapse vulnerability.
Aristotle, Buddhist scripture and embryology in ancient Mexico: building inclusion by re-thinking what counts as the history of developmental biology

It has not gone unnoticed in recent times that historical writing about science is heavily Eurocentric. A striking example can be found in the history of developmental biology: textbooks and popular science writing frequently trace an intellectual thread from the Greek philosopher Aristotle through 19th century embryology to 20th century genetics. Few in our field are aware of the depth and breadth of early embryological thinking outside of Europe. Here, I provide a series of vignettes highlighting the rich history of embryological thinking in Asia and Latin America. My goal is to provide an entertaining, even provocative, synopsis of this important but under-studied topic. It is my hope that this work will spur others to carry out more thorough investigations, with the ultimate goal of building a more inclusive discipline.
Applications of topological photonics to light manipulation: from sorting to sub-wavelength confinement

I will discuss how the ideas from topological photonics can be used for complete reimagining of the architectures of photonic devices such as add/drop filters, logical gates, and topology-controlled cavities. Both first- and second-order photonic topological insulators will be utilized for creating novel photonic cavities. Time permitting, I will discuss the new physics brought into topological photonics by including non-Hermitian (gain/loss) effects.
Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellowship

Pediatric gastroenterology (GI) is an exciting field of digestive functions and the diseases that affect them in children. This chapter will discuss the fundamentals of a GI fellowship and how to decide if it is the career for you. Additionally, it will touch upon how to find the program that will best fit your needs. Read on to learn more about pediatric GI fellowship training.
Field Crops and the Fear of Heat Stress – Opportunities, Challenges and Future Directions☆

Abstract The increased probability of occurrence of more intense and frequent heat stress episodes and extended warmer nights in the future are major challenges towards sustaining agricultural production. Cereals, millets and oil seed crops respond differently to increasing temperature at different growth and developmental stages but are highly susceptible to heat stress during the gametogenesis and the flowering stages. Interestingly, the duration of stress exposure induces differential responses i.e. season-long exposure to high-temperature and short episodes of heat stress coinciding with reproductive processes. Season-long high-temperature stress decreased biomass production, seed number, individual seed weight and yield of all grain crops. Short duration heat stress coinciding with either gametogenesis or anthesis leads to negative impact of seed-set, while stress exposure at post-anthesis stages decreased seed filling duration leading to decreased seed weight. Based on extensive research we have identified temperature thresholds across field crops and quantified the above changes. Impact of heat stress on pollen production, pollen viability, pollen lipid profiles, alternations in the pollen and stigmatic surface, pollen reactive oxygen species production, their membrane damage etc., differentiating contrasting cultivars across different field crops will be highlighted. In addition, considering the differential rate of increase in minimum night temperature, different physiological routes inducing yield losses under high day and high night temperature will be presented. Genetic variability across field crops in response to heat stress and more interestingly options from wild species of wheat (higher heat tolerance at flowering), rice (heat escape through early morning flowering) and their usefulness in heat stress tolerance breeding will be an interesting addition to our talk. The current progress achieved, opportunities available, unaddressed challenges and future direction of research that could help in crop improvement to sustain global food production under future hotter climates will be discussed.
Establishing Motorola-university relationships: a software engineering training perspective

Motorola requires a skilled software engineering work force to accommodate the growing importance of software within our products and our corporation. The current computer science curricula at most universities do not prepare students to develop industrial strength software and little is available in the way of continuing professional development. Consequently, Motorola has begun a major initiative to develop and deliver software engineering training. This paper discusses Motorola's effort to establish the training needs of its software engineers and the results of that effort. It provides conclusions from the ongoing investigation of other major companies' software engineering training. It contrasts industry-university relationships in the US, Japan, and Europe. Finally, it discusses the establishment of Motorola-university training programs in the United States, Israel, and Japan.
From Self‐Respect to Respect for Others

The leading accounts of respect for others usually assume that persons have a rational nature, which is a marvelous thing, so they should be respected like other objects of ‘awesome’ value. Kant's views about the ‘value’ of humanity, which have inspired contemporary discussions of respect, have been interpreted in this way. I propose an alternative interpretation in which Kant proceeds from our own rational self-regard, through our willingness to reciprocate with others, to duties of respect for others. This strategy, which shares some similarities with moral contractualism, offers a way to justify other-regarding moral requirements from self-regarding rational dispositions.
A model of tax-cum-rebate oil (gasoline) policy

Abstract This paper develops a model to analyze the impact of alternative tax-cum-rebate policies currently being discussed as possible means of reducing gasoline consumption. The saving in gasoline from a 30-cent/gallon tax is simulated for four alternative rebate schemes and for a variety of elasticity estimates. The short-run impact is found to be small, while the long-run saving would probably be 3 to 6 % (and may even be as high as 9 %). The choice of rebate plans is shown to be an unimportant consideration in terms of the amount of gasoline consumption. It is also found that there would be no negative impact on the government budget under any of the four rebate schemes.
TRANSIENT FLOW MODELING OF NETWORKS WITH BOTH IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT COMPONENTS

The computer code TFSIM simulates transient and steady flow in networks defined by any combination of explicit pipes, implicit pipes, implicit open channels, and various other implicit components. Flow in explicit pipes is modeled using the fixed-grid method of characteristics. Flow in implicit pipes and open channels is modeled using Preissmann’s weighted four-point scheme. For solution at each time step, a network is organized into explicit components and implicit clusters, where an implicit cluster is defined as a grouping of implicit components bounded by explicit components and external boundary conditions. Each implicit cluster is solved using the Newton-Raphson technique with the double-sweep method, modified for loops, used to solve the matrix of linearized equations at each iteration. While the explicit method of characteristics is the preferred numerical method for transient analysis of pipe flow, the implicit Preissmann’s scheme can provide nearly identical solutions for slower transients while allowing larger time steps. By using a mix of implicit and explicit pipes, large, complex networks with many pipes of many different lengths can be analyzed using a time step based on resolving the time-varying boundary conditions rather than solely on satisfying the Courant condition in every pipe segment.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Rorschach Intercoder Reliability for Protocol-Level Comprehensive System Variables in an International Sample

This study examines the intercoder reliability of Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2001) protocol-level variables. A large international sample was combined to obtain intercoder agreement for 489 Rorschach protocols coded using the CS. Intercoder agreement was calculated using an Iota coefficient, a statistical coefficient similar to kappa that is corrected for chance. Iota values for the variables analyzed ranged from .31 to 1.00, with 2 in the poor range of agreement, 4 in the fair range, 25 in the good range, and 116 in the excellent range of agreement. Discrepancies between variables are discussed.
Observational diagnostics for two-fluid turbulence in molecular clouds as suggested by simulations

We present high resolution simulations of two-fluid (ion-neutral) MHD turbulence with resolutions as large as 512^3. The simulations are supersonic and mildly sub-Alfvenic, in keeping with the conditions present in molecular clouds. Such turbulence is thought to influence star formation processes in molecular clouds because typical cores form on length scales that are comparable to the dissipation scales of this turbulence in the ions. The simulations are motivated by the fact that recent studies of isophotologue lines in molecular clouds have found significant differences in the linewidth-size relationship for neutral and ion species. The goals of this paper are to explain those observations using simulations and analytic theory, present a new set of density-based diagnostics by drawing on similar diagnostics that have been obtained by studying single-fluid turbulence, and show that our two-fluid simulations play a vital role in reconciling alternative models of star formation. The velocity-dependent diagnostics display a complementarity with the density-dependent diagnostics. We find that the linewidth-size relationships show a prominent difference between ions and neutrals when the line of sight is orthogonal to the mean field. This is because the MHD waves in the ions differ from hydrodynamic waves in the neutrals. We also find that the density probability distribution functions (PDFs) show prominent differences between the ions and neutrals when the line of sight is parallel to the mean field. This is because the velocity fluctuations in the ions tend to produce column density fluctuations along field lines. When the magnetic field makes an angle to the line of sight, both observable differences should be visible. These diagnostics should be easy for observers to test. This analysis assumes optically thin lines and a mean magnetic field that is uniform in direction within a cloud.
Model for calculating depth dose distributions for broad electron beams

Central axis electron beam depth dose distributions can be transformed by replacing dose by fluence and depth by a measure of angular dispersion. This transformation was applied to a set of broad beam central axis depth dose distributions calculated by Monte Carlo code for beams with initial energies ranging from 1 to 60 MeV in homogeneous media of water, aluminum, and copper. The resulting fluence distributions belong to a family of curves that can be parametrized by a single-valued function of initial beam energy and medium and can be used to calculate fluence distributions for accelerators. Fluence curves can be easily transformed to depth dose curves.
Hydrogen peroxide filled poly(methyl methacrylate) microcapsules: potential oxygen delivery materials

This paper describes the synthesis of H₂O₂-H₂O filled poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microcapsules as potential candidates for controlled O₂ delivery. The microcapsules are prepared by a water-in-oil solvent emulsion and evaporation method. The results of this study describe the effect of process parameters on the characteristics of the microcapsules and on their in vitro performance. The size of the microcapsules, as determined from scanning electron microscopy, ranges from ∼5 to 30 μm and the size distribution is narrow. The microcapsules exhibit an internal morphology with entrapped H₂O₂-H₂O droplets randomly distributed in the PMMA continuous phase. In vitro release studies of 4.5 wt% H₂O₂-loaded microcapsules show that ∼70% of the H₂O₂ releases in 24h. This corresponds to a total O₂ production of ∼12 cc/gram of dry microcapsules. Shelf-life studies show that the microcapsules retain ∼84 wt% of the initially loaded H₂O₂ after nine months storage at 2-8 °C, which is an attractive feature for clinical applications.
Ethical implications of internet monitoring: A comparative study

Organizations have become increasingly concerned about employee use of the Internet for personal reasons while at work. Monitoring Internet usage has become more and more prevalent in the workplace. While there may be legitimate business functions such as employee performance appraisal that are served by monitoring, poorly designed and communicated monitoring practices can have negative effects on employee morale and may be considered an invasion of privacy. Universities are another venue where Internet monitoring occurs. This paper explores whether there was a significant difference in attitude towards Internet usage and monitoring at the university as compared to the workplace. It is the result of a comparative study.