cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of caregiver identification of developmental delays among young children involved with child welfare.

Underidentification of developmental delays among young children involved with child welfare/ child protective services (CW) is problematic. Caregivers of young children involved with CW may help increase identification of young children with developmental delays, but the accuracy of caregiver identification in this population and whether this varies by caregiver type is not known. This study uses data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being to determine if (1) caregivers of young children involved with CW accurately identify children with developmental delays and (2) foster caregivers are better able to identify developmental delays compared with other caregivers. Close to half the children had a delay in language, cognitive, and/or adaptive behavior (45%). Overall sensitivity for caregiver identification was 35% (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 29%, 41%); specificity was 84% (95% Cl: 80%, 87%). After controlling for certain child and caregiver characteristics, in-home caregivers had 0.15 times the odds of identifying a child with a developmental delay compared with foster caregivers (95% Cl 0.1,0.4). Results suggest that caregiver identification of developmental delays is specific but not sensitive, and that foster caregivers were more likely to identify a child with a developmental delay compared with in-home caregivers. Policy implications include improving educational programs regarding child development and developmental services for foster, kinship, as well as in-home caregivers in the hopes of increasing sensitivity of caregiver identification of developmental delays for the population of young children involved with CW.
Acute testicular problems: Simplified ultrasound approach

Acute nontraumatic testicular problems are common in children. Currently the most successful imaging modality for the demonstration of these abnormalities is ultrasound. The most important information gathered from the ultrasound study is whether or not the patient will need surgery. This is dependent on whether blood flow to the testicle is present or absent. This article reviews the most common causes of acute nontraumatic testicular conditions and presents a summary flow chart to help simplify imaging findings and correlate these to patient disposition.
Neighborhood poverty rate and mortality in patients receiving critical care in the academic medical center setting.

Background Poverty is associated with increased risk of chronic illness but its contribution to critical care outcome is not well defined. Methods We performed a multicenter observational study of 38,917 patients, aged ≥ 18 years, who received critical care between 1997 and 2007. The patients were treated in two academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts. Data sources included 1990 US census and hospital administrative data. The exposure of interest was neighborhood poverty rate, categorized as 40%. Neighborhood poverty rate is the percentage of residents below the federal poverty line. Census tracts were used as the geographic units of analysis. Logistic regression examined death by days 30, 90, and 365 post-critical care initiation and in-hospital mortality. Adjusted ORs were estimated by multivariable logistic regression models. Sensitivity analysis was performed for 1-year postdischarge mortality among patients discharged to home. Results Following multivariable adjustment, neighborhood poverty rate was not associated with all-cause 30-day mortality: 5% to 10% OR, 1.05 (95% CI, 0.98-1.14; P = .2); 10% to 20% OR, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.87-1.06; P = .5); 20% to 40% OR, 1.08 (95% CI, 0.96-1.22; P = .2); > 40% OR, 1.20 (95% CI, 0.90-1.60; P = .2); referent in each is Conclusions Our study suggests that there is no relationship between the neighborhood poverty rate and mortality up to 1 year following critical care at academic medical centers.
Source parameters and time-dependent slip distributions of slow slip events on the Cascadia subduction zone from 1998 to 2008

[1] We invert for the time-dependent slip history of slow slip events on the Cascadia subduction zone using GPS data from 1998 to 2008. The 16 slip transients have sufficient station coverage to solve for the slip distribution on the plate interface. GPS time series are inverted for fault slip using the Extended Network Inversion Filter. Limited station coverage south of Portland (45.5°N latitude) restricts our analysis to events on the northern half of the subduction zone. Slip is resolved at the base of the seismogenic zone and the slip distributions suggest a potential segment boundary near Seattle (47.6°N) that correlates roughly with geologic and tectonic boundaries. Events that initiate to the north and south tend to overlap at about this latitude. We compile statistics on source parameters, such as propagation rate, recurrence interval, and stress drop, which can be used to constrain proposed models of the source mechanics. Over a 10 year period, total strain release from slow slip events is nonuniform along strike with the greatest cumulative slip (27 cm) centered beneath Port Angeles (48.1°N). This slip patch also exhibits the most regular recurrence of Mw ∼6 events relative to other locations along strike. The spatial extent of the slip patch beneath Port Angeles correlates with the along-strike bend of the Cascadia subduction zone in northwestern Washington, suggesting that plate geometry plays an important role in controlling the along-strike characteristics of slow slip.
Computing the energy budget of a leaf canopy with matrix algebra and numerical integration

Abstract The mathematical treatment of the stratified model of energy exchange in a canopy of leaves described by Waggoner and others is simplified and extended. A new and simpler algebraic solution is developed and a continuous analogue is derived by letting the strata become infinitely thin. The differential equations involved turn out to be very similar to those employed by Philip and Cowan, but the initial conditions and boundary values are different. The paper gives some numerical results which suggest that the stratified model with a few strata produces essentially the same values for leaf temperatures and other parameters as the continuous model. Also described is a method of numerical integration which can handle a wide variety of initial conditions and boundary values.
ACCOMMODATIVE STIMULATION, CONTACT LENS CORRECTED “EMMIETROPIA”, AND TARGET FORM ON THE SIZE OF TEMPORAL PERlMETRlC VISUAL FIELD

Temporal isopters of 10 emmetropic and 10 contact lens corrected ‘emmetropic’ male professional college students were measured with five specially constructed perimeters, reflecting five different levels of accommodative stimulation. No difference was found in the sire of the isopters among the five accommodative levels or between these two groups. Further, the right temporal isopters of another 20 emmetropic, natural or contact lens corrected, college students were measured with the 1,000 mm perimeter and the 26 English letters as targets, Results showed that when the isopters, rearranged from small to large, were plotted on a graph, letter Q was the smallest (4.50 degrees) and Q, the largest (12.35 degrees). The Increase in value for most of the letters represented almost a 45–degree straight-line rise.
New C1 Symmetric Ziegler−Natta Type Zirconocenes for the Production of Isotactic Polypropylene

As part of our continued investigation of the polymerization behavior of substituted asymmetric indenyl−fluorenyl metallocenes, three new zirconocenes bearing 2,4-disubstitution on the indenyl moiety have been synthesized and evaluated as α-olefin polymerization catalysts. For the new complex ethylene-1-(9-fluorenyl)-2-[1-(2-methyl-4-phenyl)indenyl]zirconium dichloride (11), highly isotactic polypropylene with [mmmm] = 91% and Mw 1.1 × 105 at Tp = 40 °C was produced in very high yield. The dimethylsilylene analogue (13) gave similar results in terms of stereoregularity with a 2-fold increase in Mw. In addition, dimethylsilylene(9-fluorenyl)[1-(2,4-dimethyl)indenyl]zirconium dichloride (12) was prepared and found to be an effective catalyst precursor, although the smaller methyl substituent at the 4-position resulted in polypropylenes of lower stereoregularity.
Peak and time‐integrated shear rates independently predict flow‐mediated dilation

Background: To determine whether peak and time-integrated shear rates independently predict flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Methods: Eleven physically active (25±5 years old) male subjects were tested. FMD was defined as the shear rate-diameter relationship. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate brachial artery diameter change with repeated measures of shear rate nested within each subject. Two models were tested: 1) FMD was induced using ischemia-induced hyperemia (2, 4, 6, and 10 minutes); and 2) FMD was induced following transient (ischemia) and steady-state (forearm heating and handgrip exercise) increases in shear rate. For both models we determined whether peak, in addition to time-integrated shear rates, explained a significant portion of variation for diameter change. Results: Model 1: Time integrated shear rates explained most of the variation for diameter change. However, peak shear rate explained an additional significant portion of variation. Model 2: The transient condition resulted in significantly (p = 0.012) smaller diameter change per shear rate change than the steady-state condition. However, when specifying peak shear rate as a covariate, the difference between conditions became nonsignificant (p = 0.138). Conclusions: Peak and time-integrated shear rates independently predict FMD. Future studies using the FMD test should consider both parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012;
Challenges in Educating Immigrant Language Minority Students in the United States

Abstract Many countries have historically faced issues of rapid and consistent patterns of immigration. One of the challenges created by immigration is educating the children of immigrants. Challenges that students face include interrupted schooling, language and cultural barriers, minority religious beliefs, levels of native education, socioeconomic resources, and the host country's level of acceptance or rejection of the immigrants. This paper will address the classification of English language learners, the types of programs available for acquiring English, and a discussion of the English language learners’ educational and legal rights in the U.S.
Lifespan-based Partitioning of Index Structures for Time-travel Text Search

Time-travel text search over a temporally evolving document collection is useful in various applications. Supporting a wide range of query classes demanded by these applications require different index layouts optimized for their respective query access patterns. The problem we tackle is how to efficiently handle different query classes using the same index layout. Our approach is to use list intersections on single-attribute indexes of keywords and temporal attributes. Although joint predicate evaluation on single-attribute indexes is inefficient in general, we show that partitioning the index based on version lifespans coupled with exploiting the transaction-time ordering of record-identifiers, can significantly reduce the cost of list intersections. We empirically evaluate different index partitioning alternatives on top of open-source Lucene, and show that our approach is the only technique that can simultaneously support a wide range of query classes efficiently, have high indexing throughput in a real-time ingestion setting, and also have negligible extra storage costs.
Frontal Structure and Stability in Immiscible Displacement

A theory of the stability or instability of plane saturation fronts in immiscible displacements is presented which is more realistic than earlier theories. For given two-phase relative permeability functions, capillary pressure function, viscosity ratio, saturation ahead of the front, and allowable front-propagation speed, the displacement-front saturation profile of permanent form is calculated from Rizhik et al.'s (1961) solution by quadrature of the nonlinear convective diffusion equations for two-phase flow with significant capillary effect. Stability of the saturation profile of permanent form with respect to small disturbances in pressure and saturation (as may be caused by minor heterogeneities in a reservoir) is found by solving the generalized eigenproblem to which linear stability theory and finite differencing lead. The results show that when the front is unstable there is a fastest growing wavelength of disturbance transverse to the flow. Shorter wavelengths are slowed or stabilized by capillary-pressure-gradientdriven flow; longer wavelengths grow more slowly because the transverse pressure gradients driving them are weaker. If the displacing fluid is viscous enough the front is stable, but the larger the scale of disturbance the more nearly it is marginally stable. An earlier theory that approximates the front as a discontinuity agrees roughly but differs inmore » important details, among them the mildly stabilizing effect associated with the saturation profile in the frontal zone.« less
Mineralogy, chemistry and potential applications of a white bentonite in San Juan province, Argentina

Abstract A white bentonite deposit of Pleistocene age located in San Juan Province, Argentina, has very promising commercial applications because of its mineralogy and physical and chemical properties. The bentonite occurs in the Lower Member of the Las Trancas Formation which is a hydrothermally altered rhyolitic to rhyodacitic pumice and breccia. Analysis shows the major minerals present are smectite and opal-CT along with minor amounts of quartz, clinoptilolite, feldspar and biotite. The majority of the quartz, clinoptilolite, and biotite occurs in the >325 mesh fraction. The smectite is mainly a sodium montmorillonite along with some calcium and magnesium in the exchange positions. The The physical and chemical properties including particle size, surface area, water and oil absorption, swelling index, cation exchange capacity, viscosity, and brightness indicate after wet beneficiation, that the processed white bentonite could be used in many industrial applications. These include paper coating and filling, paint, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and filtering agents. Also the fine particle size fraction of
Development of acute inhalation reference exposure levels (RELs) to protect the public from predictable excursions of airborne toxicants

Uniform guidelines have been developed for the derivation of 1-h acute inhalation reference exposure levels (RELs) applicable to the general public exposed routinely to hazardous substances released into the environment. Existing acute exposure guidance values developed by other organizations have been examined, and strengths and weaknesses in these existing guidelines have been identified. The results of that examination have led to the development of a reproducible and resource-intensive methodology to calculate acute inhalation RELs for 41 prioritized chemicals. Approaches to estimating levels protective against mild and severe acute effects are discussed in this report. The default methodology is the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL)/uncertainty factor (UF) approach using mainly reports in the peer-reviewed toxicological and medical literature. For two well-studied chemicals, ammonia and formaldehyde, the data allowed a benchmark dose (or concentration) methodology, as a departure from the default options, to be used. However, better human dose-response data from, for example, improved workplace monitoring correlated with symptoms, and more extensive epidemiological studies are needed before the departure from default approaches can be expanded to more substances.
Recurring auditory experience in the 28- to 34-week-old fetus

This study describes the influence of recurring auditory experience on the fetus during a transitional time period in neurobehavioral development (28–34 weeks gestation). Findings demonstrate that fetal responding can be influenced by earlier experiences and that this effect is potentially influenced by maturity of the autonomic nervous system.
Shrub age structure in northern Minnesota aspen stands

Age data from hazel (Corylus spp.) and total shrub populations of seven aspen stands in northern Minnesota were used to investigate two age-density distribution models: a negative exponential model and a power function model. The negative exponential model, implying a constant mortality rate for all age shrubs, is the better model for describing population dynamics of both hazel and total shrub populations in the study area. The mortality rate within a stand was independent of stem density and age, decreased when overstory basal area increased, and increased as site quality increased. The mortality rate of hazel increased with light availability, but the total shrub population mortality rate decreased with increasing light availability. The regeneration rate of new aerial stems differed among the sampled stands, indicating its importance in regulating shrub dynamics. The regeneration rate was negatively related to overstory basal area, and positively related to light availability and site index. Hazel regeneration was also positively related to overstory age, implying more regeneration of aerial stems in older stands. Coefficients of the negative exponential shrub age structure relationships are estimated from overstory characteristics and site conditions.
Search for compression before a deep earthquake

Dziewonski and Gilbert, using a moment tensor representation of the seismic source, presented evidence for precursive compression before deep earthquakes. For the Colombian earthquake of July 31, 1970 (17:08:05.4 GMT, 1.5° S, 72.6° W, h > 650 km), they concluded that a large precursive compression occurred in the focal region, beginning about 80 s before the origin times as determined by ordinary P wave travel times.
Quasi-periodic climate changes on Mars: A review

The current understanding of the manner in which astronomical variations modulate the Martian climate and thereby lead to the occurrence of laminated polar terrain is considered. The seasonal cycles of dust, carbon dioxide and water, and their responses to astronomical variations, are studied. After an assessment of the way in which these cycles presently operate, for which pertinent spacecraft and ground-based observations are extant, attempts to predict how these cycles may differ under conditions of high and low obliquity and eccentricity are discussed. Attention is given not only to those areas in which there is broad agreement, but also to the controversial and speculative. Key questions include the proportion of dust and water ice in the laminae and its variations within individual layers, the relative importance of older laminae and lower-latitude material as sources of new laminae, and the factors responsible for the youth of the laminated terrain.
Telephone interview for cognitive status (TICS) screening for clinical trials of physical activity and cognitive training: the seniors health and activity research program pilot (SHARP-P) study

Objective: To examine the performance of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) for identifying participants appropriate for trials of physical activity and cognitive training interventions.
Conformational changes in the junctional foot protein/Ca2+ release channel mediate depolarization-induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract In an attempt to monitor the kinetic events occurring in the junctional foot protein (JFP) during excitation-contraction coupling, the JFP moiety of isolated triads was covalently labeled in a site-directed manner with methylcoumarin acetate (MCA) using a recently developed technique (Kang, J. J., Tarcsafalvi, A., Carlos, A. D., Fujimoto, E., Shahrokh, Z., Thevenin, B. J. M., Shohet, S. B., and Ikemoto, N.(1992) Biochemistry 31, 3288-3293). Chemical depolarization of the transverse tubular system (T-tubule) moiety of labeled triads after appropriate priming induced first a rapid increase of the fluorescence intensity of the JFP-bound MCA probe, and then sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release. Upon increasing the magnitude of T-tubule depolarization by increasing the degree of ionic replacement, both the amplitude of the MCA fluorescence change and the amount of released Ca increased in parallel. Blockers of T-tubule-to-SR communication, such as nimodipine and low concentration of neomycin, inhibited both the MCA fluorescence change and the SR Ca release. In contrast, the release blocking concentration of Mg (2 mM) inhibited only SR Ca release without affecting the fluorescence change. These results suggest that upon T-tubule depolarization the original state of the JFP (R) isomerizes to an activated state with higher MCA fluorescence (*R), which in turn changes into a subsequent state in which the release channel is open (*Ro): R *R *Ro.
Enthalpies of formation of cyclopentylamine and cyclobutylamine; vapor pressure of cyclopentylamine

Abstract The enthalpies of combustion of cyclobutylamine and cyclopentylamine were measured by precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimetry. The following values are reported for the standard enthalpy of combustion, ΔH c o (298.15 K)/kcal th mol −1 , of these compounds in the liquid state: cyclobutylamine, −(684.96±0.13); cyclopentylamine, −(823.25±0.19). The enthalpy of vaporization of cyclopentylamine, ΔH v (298.15 K) = (9.60 6 ± 0.10 0 ) kcal th mol −1 , was obtained from ebulliometric vapor-pressure measurements; the enthalpy of vaporization of cyclobutylamine was estimated. Values of the enthalpy of formation in the liquid and gaseous states were derived for both compounds. Gaseous cyclobutylamine appears to be about 2 kcal th mol −1 more thermochemically stable than would be predicted from thermodynamic data for other secondary amines such as isopropylamine, sec-butylamine, cyclopropylamine, and cyclopentylamine and their parent hydrocarbons. Values of the thermochemical bond energy, E ( rm ( C  N ), were estimated.
Comparison of ultraviolet APDs grown on free-standing GaN and sapphire substrates

There is a need for semiconductor-based ultraviolet photodetectors to support avalanche gain in order to realize better performance andmore effective compete with existing technologies. Wide bandgap III-Nitride semiconductors are the promising material system for the development of avalanche photodiodes (APDs) that could be a viable alternative to current bulky UV detectors such as photomultiplier tubes. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art in IIINitride visible-blind APDs, and present our latest results on GaN APDs grown on both conventional sapphire and low dislocation density free-standing c- and m-plane GaN substrates. Leakage current, gain, and single photon detection efficiency (SPDE) of these APDs were compared. The spectral response and Geiger-mode photon counting performance of UV APDs are studied under low photon fluxes, with single photon detection capabilities as much as 30% being demonstrated in smaller devices. Geiger-mode operation conditions are optimized for enhanced SPDE.
Further comment on “A perspective on global warming, dimming, and brightening”

In a recent Eos Forum article, Stanhill [2007] suggested that there is an unexplained inconsistency between “global dimming” and global warming. This contention is mistaken. Stanhill's argument is based on select local observations that show reductions in the surface shortwave downwelling radiation (SWD) from the 1950s to the 1980s of about 20 watts per square meter (W/m2) [Stanhill and Cohen, 2005]. Stanhill errs in equating these surface flux changes (the “dimming”) with the radiative forcing from anthropogenic greenhouse gases (currently about 2.6 W/m2). Radiative forcing is defined at the tropopause (not the surface) specifically to provide a good prediction for eventual model responses. Changes in aerosols and clouds result in large changes in SWD, but they do not translate into similarly large changes in tropopause forcing since the aerosols and clouds absorb energy in addition to reflect it.
Luminescence profiles of large electron-hole drops in stressed germanium

Abstract A large electron-hole drop may be stably formed in a potential well of maximum shear strain in a suitably stressed Ge crystal. We scan a magnified image of this drop across a narrow spectrometer slit and measure the time-resolved spatial distribution of the recombination luminescence following pulsed laser excitation. The drop is approximately spherical with an initial radius ≈0.2 mm, which decays with a time constant of 1500 μs.
High-Resolution Grating Spectroscopy of GRB 020405 with the Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer

We present high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of GRB 020405 obtained with the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory starting 1.68 days after the burst. The spectrum appears featureless, with no evidence for emission lines, absorption edges, or narrow radiative recombination continua. The continuum can be fitted by a power law of photon index Γ = 1.72 ± 0.21 and temporal decay index α = 1.87 ± 1.10, with a marginally significant excess column density of cold gas NH = (4.7 ± 3.7) × 1021 cm-2 at the redshift of the host galaxy. The absence of iron lines indicates that the density of nearby surrounding material was unlikely to be very dense (n 5 × 1012 cm-3) at the time of the Chandra observation. In the case of recombination following photoionization in an optically thin medium, most ionic species would be completely stripped at lower gas densities than this. In the case of a power-law spectrum reflecting off a "cold," opaque medium of low density, negligible emission features would be produced. Alternatively to these possible explanations for the lack of emission features, any X-ray line emission taking place in a dense medium in a "nearby reprocessor" scenario might have been overwhelmed by the bright afterglow continuum. Although the absence of discrete features does not unambiguously test for a connection between GRB 020405 and nucleosynthesis, it emphasizes the need for high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy to determine the exact emission mechanism responsible for the reported discrete lines in other gamma-ray burst afterglows.
Drug use and anticipated parental reaction among rural school pupils in Zimbabwe.

: Study participants included 285 secondary school pupils in Zimbabwe who responded to a questionnaire assessing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, and anticipated parental reaction to the pupil's drug-taking behavior. Results showed nearly 17% of the sample had used alcohol, 8% used tobacco, and 5% had used marijuana during the past seven days prior to questionnaire administration. Results regarding intentions to use alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana in the future show pupils' interest highest in using alcohol. Nearly 34% indicated intentions to use alcohol during the next year, while 16% reported intentions to use tobacco, and 12.9% indicated intentions to use marijuana. Nearly 17% reported they felt their parents would be favorable to their use of alcohol. Anticipated parental approval for tobacco and marijuana was 13.6% and 10.8%, respectively. Though current use and future intentions among the sample are not as high compared to similar populations in developed countries, this study suggests Zimbabwe should consider expanding its drug education effort in the school setting. Research to identify effective educational strategies to curb further increases in adolescent drug taking behavior also needs to be explored and identified.
Imitative learning in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) using the bidirectional control procedure

In the bidirectional control procedure, observers are exposed to a conspecific demonstrator responding to a manipulandum in one of two directions (e.g., left vs. right). This procedure controls for socially mediated effects (the mere presence of a conspecific) and stimulus enhancement (attention drawn to a manipulandum by its movement), and it has the added advantage of being symmetrical (the two different responses are similar in topography). Imitative learning is demonstrated when the observers make the response in the direction that they observed it being made. Recently, however, it has been suggested that when such evidence is found with a predominantly olfactory animal, such as the rat, it may result artifactually from odor cues left on one side of the manipulandum by the demonstrator. In the present experiment, we found that Japanese quail, for which odor cues are not likely to play a role, also showed significant correspondence between the direction in which the demonstrator and the observer push a screen to gain access to reward. Furthermore, control quail that observed the screen move, when the movement of the screen was not produced by the demonstrator, did not show similar correspondence between the direction of screen movement observed and that performed by the observer. Thus, with the appropriate control, the bidirectional procedure appears to be useful for studying imitation in avian species.
Renal tubular dysfunction in patients with cystic disease of the kidneys

Objective. To define the renal tubular functional abnormalities in patients with cystic disease of the kidneys. Methods. Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) (n = 4) and medullary sponge kidneys (MSK) (n = 3) with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), determined by inulin clearance, and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), measured by p-aminohippurate clearance, underwent measurement of proximal and distal tubular functions. Proximal tubular functions were determined by the maximum reabsorption of glucose (TmGlucose) and the maximum secretion of p-aminohippurate (TmPAH). Distal tubular functions were measured by the maximum urinary concentrating and diluting mechanisms, and the urinary acidification response to acid load. Results. TmGlucose was low in both groups (209 ± 25 mg/min/1.73 m2 in the ADPKD group and 110 ± 28 mg/min/1.73 m2 in the MSK, compared with 375 ± 40 mg/min/1.73 m2 in healthy controls; P < 0.05). Likewise, TmPAH was significantly diminished in patients with ADPKD (72 ± 6 mg/min/1.73 m2) and MSK (63 ± 5 mg/min/1.73 m2) when compared with healthy controls (89 ± 4 mg/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.05). Urinary maximum concentration after fluid deprivation was impaired in both ADPKD and MSK patients, but the diluting mechanism was intact. Finally, the ability to excrete urinary ammonium and titratable acids following an oral acid load was inadequate in both the ADPKD and MSK groups. Conclusions. Proximal and distal tubular functions are impaired in patients with ADPKD and MSK when GFR and ERPF are normal, indicating tubular disruption by the cysts and the alteration of the tubulo-interstitial vascular relationship.
Strategic Jobs and Wage Structure in the Steel Industry: 1910–1930

The concept of strategic occupations is used to explain individualistic bargaining power during the nonunion era of the U.S. steel industry. It is hypothesized that integrative technical change homogenized the wage structure, but job categories associated with strategic work resisted this pattern. The results show that the degree of wage homogenization corresponded to the degree of technical diffusion in given steel industry departments. Moreover, strategic job categories did resist the pattern of wage homogenization.
Some chemical aspects of human brain development. I. Neutral glycosphingolipids, sulfatides, and sphingomyelin.

Extract: Neutral glycosphingolipids and sulfatides, as well as sphingomyelin, were studied in the brain of 34 newborn infants with gestational ages ranging from 22 to 45 weeks. The analyses were carried out in homogenates of whole cerebrum. The infants were considered to be free of any important cause of cerebral damage. Neutral glycosphingolipids and sulfatides were expressed by their content in hexose. Sphingomyelin was separated from other lipids by column chromatography and alkaline hydrolysis, and was expressed by its phosphorus content. The figures were plotted versus gestational ages. The index, brain weight/body weight per cent, was plotted against gestational ages in order to compare the increase of brain weight with the deposition of lipids. The 3rd trimester of human gestation is a period during which the increase in brain weight and developmental processes proceed at a very high velocity. The study of a wide series of human brains obtained under the same conditions from newborn infants with a narrow range of gestational ages makes it possible to follow the biochemical changes from an early stage of maturation. This allows minimal variations to be detected in a period of maximal sensitivity. Speculation: Sphingomyelin and neutral glycosphingolipids and sulfatides were chosen for the purpose of tracing the way in which the developmental changes proceed. The chronologic relation between biochemical changes and brain weight increase was considered also.
Hypnotic susceptibility, imaging ability, and anagram-solving activity.

Abstract Anagram-solving activity was examined as a function of hypnotic susceptibility level and imaging ability In Experiment 1, anagrams that were composed of sets of letters that formed actual words (word anagrams), but when unscrambled formed other words, were compared to sets of letters that formed nonwords (nonsense anagrams). Word anagrams required more time to solve than nonsense anagrams. Also, fewer word anagrams were correctly solved compared to nonsense anagrams. Those individuals judged both high in hypnotic susceptibility and vivid in imaging ability demonstrated the best performance. In Experiment 2, anagrams that when unscrambled formed high-imagery words were compared to those that formed low-imagery words. High-imagery-word anagrams were solved more quickly and correctly than low-imagery-word anagrams. Such activity was best demonstrated by individuals who were judged to be both high in hypnotic susceptibility and vivid in imaging ability. These results are discussed in terms of strateg...
Facet morphology response to nonuniformities in nutrient and impurity supply. I. Experiments and interpretation

Abstract The growth morphology and kinetics of crystal facets were investigated by in-situ high-resolution optical interferometry, using tetragonal lysozyme as a model system. The protein composition of the growth solutions was characterized by high pressure liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis. In relatively pure solutions, the facets exhibited depressions with lower vicinal slope at their edges. In solutions with ≤ 1% of protein impurities, that were found to be incorporated into the crystal, the depressions in the facets had higher vicinal slope at the edges. These deviations from planarity increased with crystal size and growth rate. This indicates that transport-induced nonuniformities in the nutrient and impurity concentrations cause these microscopic shapes. Quantitative accounts of both interface shapes are possible only if one assumes strong overlap of the coupled volume and surface diffusion fields of growth steps. From this we conclude that the characteristic surface diffusion length of ad-molecules on lysozyme 110 facets is of order 1 μm or ∼ 200 molecule diameters. The values obtained for the average step (tangential) velocities in the lower purity solutions suggest that the impurities affect growth kinetics through their adsorption at kink sites.
The commuter student and student satisfaction

This study examined the variables associated with student satisfaction on a commuter campus. A sample of 38 classes was used and resulted in 782 undergraduates responding to questionnaires. The variables included were: age, student level, student's grade, perception of educational benefits, and satisfaction with college experience. A causal model was built and tested in order to determine the direct and indirect effects of these variables upon student satisfaction. While the student level had a negative influence upon satisfaction, both age and grade had a moderate effect upon student satisfaction. The perception of educational benefits seemed to be the most critical variable in predicting student satisfaction.
Calcium-dependent FAK/CREB/TNNC1 signalling mediates the effect of stromal MFAP5 on ovarian cancer metastatic potential

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy in the United States, and advanced serous ovarian adenocarcinoma is responsible for most ovarian cancer deaths. However, the stroma-derived molecular determinants that modulate patient survival are yet to be characterized. Here we identify a stromal gene signature for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer using microdissected stromal ovarian tumour samples and find that stromal microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) is a prognostic marker for poor survival. Further functional studies reveal that FAK/CREB/TNNC1 signalling pathways mediate the effect of MFAP5 on ovarian cancer cell motility and invasion potential. Targeting stromal MFAP5 using MFAP5-specific siRNA encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles significantly decreases ovarian tumour growth and metastasis in vivo, suggesting that it may be a new modality of ovarian cancer treatment.
Generalization of the drone fermion method

By the use of the vector addition theorem for the decomposition of product spaces, an arbitrary spin space can be expressed in terms of the sums of powers of spin one-half spaces, implying that there is a relationship between the traces in these spaces and thus a generalization of the drone fermion method.
A preliminary attempt at the calibration of a small quadrupole mass spectrometer in the ultra-high vacuum portion of its range

Abstract This paper presents experimental results concerning the accuracy of a typical small commercial quadrupole mass spectrometer when it is used to measure absolute partial pressures of the gases normally encountered as residuals in metal ultra-high vacuum systems.
Further studies on the relationship between the composition of the diet and the metabolism of ascorbic acid.

1. A carefully controlled and balanced high protein diet was fed to eight women to determine what effect a diet high in protein might have upon ascorbic metabolism as judged by the ascorbic acid excretion and the rate of tissue saturation. 2. The difference between the average ascorbic acid excretion measured on a “normal” diet and a high protein diet was less than 2 per cent. 3. The amount of ascorbic acid needed to saturate these subjects under the conditions of this experiment was somewhat greater for the high protein diet than for the “normalD diet.
Emerging trends in microsurgical breast reconstruction: Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) and the superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flaps

Breast reconstruction is an important adjunct in the treatment of breast cancer. Many reconstructive options exist, however autologous tissue remains the gold standard. One drawback to autologous reconstruction methods is the potential for flap donor site morbidity. Recent advances in microsurgical techniques include the development of perforator flaps, including the Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator flap (DIEP) and the Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) flaps. Harvest of these flaps attempt to minimize the impact on the donor site and thereby reduce the incidence of donor site complications. This article will review of the indications, advantages and drawbacks to the use of perforator flaps in breast reconstruction surgery.
Emotional predictors and behavioral triggers of acute coronary syndrome.

Mounting evidence suggests that depression, anxiety, and hostility/anger may each be an independent risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurrence. Data specific to the role of these negative emotional states in predisposing to imminent ACS risk are limited, however. Additionally, a number of studies have indicated that certain situational triggers (such as intense physical exertion) and behavioral triggers (such as acute anxiety or anger) are predictive of imminent occurrence of an ACS. Despite these findings, the use of emotional or behavioral information to identify persons at high risk for imminent ACS onset is not yet practical. Further research is needed to facilitate such patient identification.
Pre-surgery psychological characteristics, pain response, and activities impairment in female patients with repeated periodontal surgery

Abstract This study assessed relationships between pre-surgery psychological characteristics and post-surgery pain response and impairment of life activities following each of two sessions of periodontal surgery. Forty-two female periodontal patients between the ages of 26 and 67 participated. None had experienced previous periodontal surgery. Pre-surgery scores on dental anxiety, fatigue, and depression were positively associated with measures of post-surgery pain after the first surgery, and were negatively associated with positive well-being scores. A similar, though weaker pattern of assocations was evident after the second surgery. Younger women reported significantly greater impairment of life activities during recovery than did the older women after both surgery episodes. The study points to the relevance of presurgery well-being and psychological stability as predictors of post-surgery pain and degree of impairment of life activities, as seen in the time sequence of repeated surgeries.
Detection of IgA protease activity among multiple bacterial colonies.

Abstract For genetic and screening studies of IgA proteases a technique is described for identifying the enzyme in unlimited numbers of bacterial colonies on agar plates. Human 125 I-labeled IgA (the only known substrate) bound to anti-IgA polyacrylamide beads is suspended in agar, and enzyme detected by autoradiography of released radioactive Fab α fragments.
Valproic acid prevents hemorrhage-associated lethality and affects the acetylation pattern of cardiac histones

Pharmacological inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) demonstrate cytoprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated whether valproic acid (VPA), a known mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant with HDAC-inhibiting activity, improves survival following otherwise lethal hemorrhage in rats. We found that preinsult injection of VPA (300 mg/kg, twice) prolonged the survival of severely hypotensive animals up to 5 times. VPA treatment increased the acetylation of nonhistone and histone proteins in the rat heart. The pattern of modifications of individual histones revealed hyperacetylation of histones H2A, H3, and H4, indicating the presence of active genes. Expression of HSP70 and superoxide dismutase, implicated in the modulation of vitality, was increased by VPA. Our results reveal that VPA offers considerable protection in the hemorrhagic shock model and suggest a role for HDAC inhibition in mediating VPA actions.
Pediatric: Nurse-Placed Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in an Interventional Radiology Setting Improves Outcomes

Pioneering quality performance management for the vascular access needs in children is of critical importance. Specifically, appropriate assessment and timely intervention of central line access are priorities. Santolucito (2001) indicates that improved triage of appropriate vascular access intervention, for example Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICC) placement, could reduce the trauma and costs of multiple conventional short peripheral IV catheter insertions, as well as potentially reducing length of hospital stay. “Failure to establish a reliable vascular access prior to discharge often results in postponed discharge dates, prolonged hospitalization and increased cost.” A proactive approach to known barriers related to catheter selection and care will be pivotal to the success of the Pediatric-placed PICC. We embarked on a unique approach to improve outcomes in children. As a result Vascular Access Nurses currently place PICCs in the Interventional Radiology setting. The team consists of a Radiology Nurse, a Vascular Access Nurse, a Radiology Technologist, and an Interventional Radiology Attending Physician. In this model patients are evaluated for appropriateness of a nurse-placed PICC, sedation, urgency, and scheduled accordingly. In the Interventional Radiology setting the patient receives IV sedation, PICC lines are placed using maximum sterile barrier technique, ultrasound and fluoroscopy capability. This is made possible only with the expertise of all team members. Significant results of this patient care model include efficiency, patient safety, and cost effectiveness.
On the Illogic of the Mental

As the most irritating characteristic of some women is their immunity to masculine logic, so the most distressing feature of the mental is its resistance to any logic at all. Statements mentioning the mental do not submit to the same rules of inference as do statements mentioning only physical entities.
TECHNICAL NOTE: THE EFFECT OF SLIP ON THE FLOW IN A ROTATING CHANNEL

Slip flow occurs in a wide variety of practical chemical engineering processes. This work models, for the first time, the interaction of surface slip and system rotation normal to the flow direction. It is found that the flow fields are affected considerably. For Poiseuille flow, slip increases the longitudinal flow rate at low rotation, but decreases it at high rotation. For Couette flow, slip decreases the longitudinal drag. The solutions are also exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations.
Use of the Health History as a Psychiatric Screening Tool

Results: The study sample included 187 patients. Positive responses to mood-related symptoms reported on the health history best predicted anxiety and depression. Nonmood symptoms were also significant, although not as powerful, predictors of these disorders. A significant relation existed between total number of positive symptoms and psychiatric diagnoses, which continued when mood symptoms were removed from the analyses. Results were used to develop physical, nonmood primary care symptom profiles that could be used to screen for anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Providing physicians the means to improve mental health diagnostics can help advance patient care and health care system outcomes. (J Am Board Fam Pract 1998;11:452-8.) It is commonly recognized that most mental health services in the United States are provided in the primary care medical setting,1-4 and an esti­ mated 1 of 4 patients in the primary care medical setting have a psychiatric diagnosis. 5 Of those currently suffering from a mental disorder, more than one half receive treatment in the outpatient medical sector and do not see a mental health professiona1. 6 Primary care medicine has been la­ beled the de facto mental health system.7 Generally, research studies have indicated that detection of mental health disorders in the pri­ mary care setting is deficient. In reviewing the lit­ erature in this area, Higgins 8 suggested that ap­ proximately one half of patients have a psychiatric disorder that is_1:l!1recognized and therefore untreated. -. Explanations for these findings are varied. Three fourths of patients with a mental disorder complain to their physicians of primarily physical
On Evaluation of Queries Containing Derived Relations in a Relational Data Base

A base relation is a relation that is explicitly stored. A derived relation is defined by axioms in terms of base and/or derived relations. A query may contain an arbitrary number of base and derived relations. In this chapter we shall give a method for evaluating a query containing derived relations. The method is to compile the query into a program. Examples are given to illustrate the method.