cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Internal Phosphodiesterase RegA Is Essential for the Suppression of Lateral Pseudopods during Dictyostelium Chemotaxis

Dictyostelium strains in which the gene encoding the cytoplasmic cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA is inactivated form small aggregates. This defect was corrected by introducing copies of the wild-type regA gene, indicating that the defect was solely the consequence of the loss of the phosphodiesterase. Using a computer-assisted motion analysis system, regA− mutant cells were found to show little sense of direction during aggregation. When labeled wild-type cells were followed in a field of aggregating regA− cells, they also failed to move in an orderly direction, indicating that signaling was impaired in mutant cell cultures. However, when labeled regA− cells were followed in a field of aggregating wild-type cells, they again failed to move in an orderly manner, primarily in the deduced fronts of waves, indicating that the chemotactic response was also impaired. Since wild-type cells must assess both the increasing spatial gradient and the increasing temporal gradient of cAMP in the front of a natural wave, the behavior of regA− cells was motion analyzed first in simulated temporal waves in the absence of spatial gradients and then was analyzed in spatial gradients in the absence of temporal waves. Our results demonstrate that RegA is involved neither in assessing the direction of a spatial gradient of cAMP nor in distinguishing between increasing and decreasing temporal gradients of cAMP. However, RegA is essential for specifically suppressing lateral pseudopod formation during the response to an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP, a necessary component of natural chemotaxis. We discuss the possibility that RegA functions in a network that regulates myosin phosphorylation by controlling internal cAMP levels, and, in support of that hypothesis, we demonstrate that myosin II does not localize in a normal manner to the cortex of regA− cells in an increasing temporal gradient of cAMP.
Transitory Connections: The Reception and Rejection of Jean Piaget's Psychology in the Nursery School Movement in the 1920s and 1930s

In 1927, nursery school educator Lucy Sprague Mitchell heralded Jean Piaget's psychology as of “outstanding interest” and wrote in Progressive Education that it should be of “immense service” to psychologists, teachers, and parents. In 1929, psychologist Lois Meek praised Piaget's research in the National Society for the Study of Education's yearbook on preschool and parental education. In 1931, the National Association for Nursery Education bibliography on nursery school-based research, for which Meek was on the editorial board, included no mention of Piaget at all.
Acetoacetyl‐CoA synthetase activity is controlled by a protein acetyltransferase with unique domain organization in Streptomyces lividans

GCN5-type N-acetyltransferases (GNATs) are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to a primary amine. GNATs are conserved in all domains of life. Some members of this family of enzymes acetylate the side-chain of specific lysine residues in proteins of diverse function. In bacteria, GNAT-catalysed protein acetylation regulates carbon metabolism, RNA metabolism and transcriptional regulation. Metabolic regulation in Streptomyces species is of interest due to the role of these organisms in natural product synthesis. Here we identify SlPatA, a GNAT in Streptomyces lividans with unique domain organization, and a new acetylation target, namely acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (SlAacS). The latter has homologues in all domains of life. In vitro and in vivo evidence show that SlAacS is a bona fide acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase. SlPatA acetylates SlAacS more efficiently than it does acetyl-CoA synthetase, an enzyme known to be under acetylation control. SlPatA acetylates SlAacS at the active-site residue Lys617 and acetylation inactivates SlAacS. Acetylated SlAacS was deacetylated by a sirtuin-type protein deacetylase. SlAacS acetylation/deacetylation may represent a conserved mechanism for regulation of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase activity in all domains of life.
Prevailing Interventions to Address Peer Victimization at school: A Study of California School Psychologists

In an effort to understand how schools are coping with incidents of peer victimization, this study explored the types of related interventions currently being offered by public schools in Northern California. School psychologists’ perceptions of the importance of the available interventions were also examined (N = 96). The interventions reported to be the most widely available were a) whole-school no tolerance policies and b) school to home communication. Generally, the endorsed availability of interventions decreased as the intensity level of intervention increased. Interventions endorsed as most important were a) the whole-school no tolerance policy; b) general school climate interventions; c) school to home communication; and d) education of school personnel about bullying. Analyses examining the relative use of primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions revealed that school psychologists report primary intervention as most important for reducing levels of bullying at their schools. Analyses also revealed that the differences between psychologists’ ratings on each of the levels of the intervention hierarchy were significant. Implications for further scholarship and practice are discussed.
Using thumbnails to search the Web

We introduce a technique for creating novel, textually-enhanced thumbnails of Web pages. These thumbnails combine the advantages of image thumbnails and text summaries to provide consistent performance on a variety of tasks. We conducted a study in which participants used three different types of summaries (enhanced thumbnails, plain thumbnails, and text summaries) to search Web pages to find several different types of information. Participants took an average of 67, 86, and 95 seconds to find the answer with enhanced thumbnails, plain thumbnails, and text summaries, respectively. We found a strong effect of question category. For some questions, text outperformed plain thumbnails, while for other questions, plain thumbnails outperformed text. Enhanced thumbnails (which combine the features of text summaries and plain thumbnails) were more consistent than either text summaries or plain thumbnails, having for all categories the best performance or performance that was statistically indistinguishable from the best.
Temperature dependence of birefringence in irradiated polyethylene

The birefringence of irradiated polyethylene was observed as a function of temperature. The data are consistent with a mechanism in which crosslinking limits the growth and annealing of crystallites. Crosslinks formed in material which was oriented at the time the crosslinks were formed, results in an oriented gel. This effect explains the birefringence and the persistence of nucleation sites at high temperatures.
Task-Related, Low-Frequency Task-Residual, and Resting State Activity in the Default Mode Network Brain Regions

The hypothesis of a default mode network (DMN) of brain function is based on observations of task-independent decreases of brain activity during effort as participants are engaged in tasks in contrast to resting. On the other hand, studies also showed that DMN regions activate rather than deactivate in response to task-related events. Thus, does DMN “deactivate” during effort as compared to resting? We hypothesized that, with high-frequency event-related signals removed, the task-residual activities of the DMN would decrease as compared to resting. We addressed this hypothesis with two approaches. First, we examined DMN activities during resting, task residuals, and task conditions in the stop signal task using independent component analysis (ICA). Second, we compared the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) signals of DMN in resting, task residuals, and task data. In the results of ICA of 76 subjects, the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) showed increased activation during task as compared to resting and task residuals, indicating DMN responses to task events. Precuneus but not the PCC showed decreased activity during task residual as compared to resting. The latter finding was mirrored by fALFF, which is decreased in the precuneus during task residuals, as compared to resting and task. These results suggested that the low-frequency blood oxygen level-dependent signals of the precuneus may represent a useful index of effort during cognitive performance.
Ketorolac improves recovery after outpatient anorectal surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ketorolac combined with local anesthetics for anorectal surgery. METHODS: From June 1998 through March 1999, 123 outpatients undergoing anorectal surgery were entered into a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study involving three treatment groups. All patients received intravenous sedation consisting of fentanyl and a propofol infusion, with a local anesthesia mixture of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and bicarbonate. Group A (41 patients) received placebo (saline) injections. Group B (41 patients) received 60 mg of intravenous ketorolac at the onset of the procedure, and Group C (41 patients) received 60 mg of ketorolac mixed with the local anesthetic. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and chi-squared tests. RESULTS: All groups had similar demographic characteristics and operative procedures. Twenty-nine of the 123 patients were human immunodeficiency virus-positive. There was no difference in operative or anesthesia time. Anesthesia and fluids given were similar in across groups. A significantly higher percentage of Group A patients had pain (34 percent) and required additional oral analgesia (20 percent) in the Day Surgery Unit. Only 5 percent of Group B and Group C patients complained of pain, with oral analgesics given to 2 percent of Group B and none in Group C. Voiding difficulties were more common in Group A patients, one patient requiring catheterization. CONCLUSION: The addition of ketorolac (60 mg), either intravenous or injected with local anesthetics, reduces voiding problems and significantly decreases postoperative analgesic requirements in outpatients undergoing anorectal surgery.
Paraffin dehydrocyclization: V. The influence of Pt loading on the aromatic selectivity

Abstract It was observed that the platinum content of PtAl2O3K and Pt-carbon catalysts determined the aromatic distribution for the dehydrocyclization of n-octane and 3-methylheptane. At higher loading (1.2% Pt) the aromatics approached the distribution predicted for an equal contribution of all the cyclization pathways that lead directly to a six-carbon ring. For the low (0.15% Pt) loading the aromatic distribution appeared to be determined by the relative strength of the carbon-hydrogen bonds required to be broken to form the six-carbon ring; the pathway involving the weaker bonds was favored. The relative amount of hydrogenolysis of the reactant and the aromatic products to form lower carbon number aromatics increased as the platinum loading increased.
Bioavailability of Iron in Green Peas, Spinach, Bran Cereal, and Cornmeal Fed to Anemic Rats

Bioavailability of iron from green peas, spinach, bran cereal and cornmeal was evaluated by hemoglobin regeneration efficiency in the anemic rat. By analysis these respective food items contained 85, 163, 55 and 35 mg of iron per kg of dry weight. Iron from ferrous sulfate, peas, spinach, bran cereal and cornmeal was converted to hemoglobin iron with respective efficiencies of 67, 64, 34, 53 and 39 percent. Based on these bioavailabilities, peas, spinach, bran cereal, and cornmeal provide 14, 19, 12, and 3 mg of available iron per 1000 kcal. Plant foods can make significant contribu tions of available iron in the diet.
Distributed enactment of multiagent workflows: temporal logic for web service composition

We address the problem of constructing multiagent systems by coordinating heterogeneous, autonomous agents, whose internal designs may not be fully known. A major application area is Web service composition. We develop an approach that (a) takes declarative specifications of the desired interactions, and (b) automatically enacts them. Our approach is based on temporal logic, has a rigorous semantics, and yields a naturally distributed execution.
Breastfeeding and Cardiometabolic Profile in Childhood How Infant Feeding, Preterm Birth, Socioeconomic Status, and Obesity May Fit Into the Puzzle

Although the observed association between breastfeeding and cardiometabolic profile in childhood and adolescence in previous studies has biological plausibility, the precise mechanism and magnitude remain far from being fully understood.1 Early nutrition and epigenetic programming,2 anti-inflammatory properties,3 and cardiorespiratory fitness4 are among numerous hypotheses that are currently being actively investigated. In this issue of Circulation, Martin et al5 report on this subject. Their intervention study began in 1996 to 1997 in 31 Belarussian maternity hospitals and affiliated outpatient clinics with an enrollment of 17046 breastfeeding mothers of healthy term infants. The trial was originally designed to assess the effects of a breastfeeding promotion and support intervention on duration of breastfeeding. Duration of both exclusive (infant only receives breast milk without any additional food or drink, not even water) and any breastfeeding (includes nonexclusive and exclusive) was assessed in the intervention and nonintervention groups.6 The planned 11.5-year follow-up of ≈80% of study participants who had fasted for the follow-up assessment and did not have diabetes mellitus allowed the authors to test whether an intervention to improve breastfeeding duration and exclusivity also influenced cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood. No significant differences between the intervention and control groups were found in levels of blood pressure, fasting insulin, adiponectin, glucose, apolipoprotein A1, or metabolic syndrome.
Hypersonic Aerodynamics for an Entry Research Vehicle

C there is growing interest in developing vehicles capable of flying and maneuvering at near orbital velocity within the upper atmosphere. Because of the lack of adequate ground-test facilities to simulate low-density, hypervelocity flight, there is also increasing interest in developing an entry research flight experiment program. The entry research vehicle (ERV) pictured in Fig. 1 is one candidate for such an experiment being proposed by NASA. It is envisioned that such an entry research vehicle would be shuttle-launched, with a research program of several flights. This will afford an opportunity to explore the environment over a large range of entry conditions. The vehicle will also be used to demonstrate maneuverability in the upper atmosphere, to test developing thermostructure concepts, and to measure the atmospheric flight conditions encountered by the vehicle. This synoptic discusses the methods used to predict the aerodynamic characteristics for a candidate entry research vehicle through the hypersonic speed regime. The computational codes and theories that were applied are outlined. Wind-tunnel data obtained at hypersonic conditions are presented to support the predictions. Various techniques that have been proven effective during the Shuttle program were utilized and are discussed.
Acquisition and analysis of Terahertz Time Domain imaging and sensing

We present results of an acquisition of Terahertz imaging and its analysis in terms of frequency based on a Time Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy System. THz radiation was generated using a photoconductive antenna based on LT-GaAs and was detected by the electro-optical sampling in a ZnTe crystal. Broadband THz pulses were obtained in the range from 0.1 THz to 4 THz, with a peak intensity at 1 THz. The full transmission spectrum for different materials was measured, and frequency-dependent imaging characteristics were analyzed.
Stable-isotope methods for assessment of folate bioavailability.

ABSTRACF Research was conducted to determine whether stable-isotope-labeled folates could be employed for studies of folate absorption and metabolism in human subjects. Two deuterium-labeled forms offolic acid were evaluated for simultaneous in vivo use, with quantification ofrelative bioavailability by measurement of urinary excretion of labeled folates. Adult male subjects (n = 1 1) were given saturation doses of 2 mg unlabeled folic acid/d for 7 d before the study. After an overnight fast each subject consumed 677 nmob each of 3’,S’labeled bideuterofolic acid and glutamate-labeled tetradeuterofolic acid. The 48-h urinary excretion ofdeuterated folates represented 5-6% ofthe ingested dose. The molar ratio of labeled folates in urine was not significantly different from the molar ratio in the ingested dose, which indicated equivalent absorption and metabolism of these labeled forms of the vitamin. These results support the validity of this protocol for in vivo studies of folate bioavaibability. Am J C/in Nutr 1990; 51: 212-5.
The Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND) Dissemination Trial: Implementation Fidelity and Immediate Outcomes

One of the important research issues in the emerging area of research on dissemination of prevention programs relates to the type and extent of training needed by program providers to prepare them to implement effective programs with fidelity. The present paper describes the immediate outcomes of a dissemination and implementation trial of Project Toward No Drug Abuse, an evidence-based prevention program for high school students. A total of 65 high schools in 14 school districts across the USA were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: comprehensive implementation support for teachers, regular workshop training only, or standard care control. The comprehensive intervention was comprised of on-site coaching, web-based support, and technical assistance, in addition to the regular workshop. Students (n = 2,983) completed self-report surveys before and immediately after program implementation. Fidelity of implementation was assessed with a classroom observation procedure that focused on program process. Results indicated that relative to the controls, both intervention conditions produced effects on hypothesized program mediators, including greater gains in program-related knowledge; greater reductions in cigarette, marijuana and hard drug use intentions; and more positive changes in drug-related beliefs. There were stronger effects on implementation fidelity in the comprehensive, relative to the regular, training condition. However, seven of the ten immediate student outcome measures showed no significant differences between the two training conditions. The implications of these findings for dissemination research and practice are discussed.
Prognostic factors in alveolar soft part sarcoma: A SEER analysis.

Objectives We reviewed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients treated for alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) and analyzed the effect of surgery for patients presenting with and without metastatic disease (DM). Methods The SEER Registry was queried for patients with ASPS from 1973–2012. The Kaplan–Meier estimate and Cox proportional hazards were used to analyze survival outcomes and risk variables. Results Among 251 patients, 43% had DM and 67% locoregional disease (LR) on presentation. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for all patients was 56% (82% and 27% for LR and DM, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.03 per year, P 10 cm (HR = 2.76, P = 0.013), DM at diagnosis (HR = 3.79, P < 0.001), and truncal primary site (HR = 1.63, P = 0.035) as independent factors predicting worse OS. For LR patients, surgery plus radiotherapy (RT) resulted in better OS compared to surgery alone P = 0.014. For DM patients, primary site surgery significantly improved survival (P < 0.001). Conclusion ASPS presents with high metastasis rate but has a relatively indolent clinical course and a favorable prognosis with prolonged survival. Aggressive treatment using adjuvant RT with surgery is indicated in patients with LR disease and surgery is indicated in patients presenting with DM. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:581–586. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heart failure in older adults: embracing complexity.

Heart failure (HF), particularly in the setting of preserved systolic function, disproportionately afflicts older individuals and results in significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. In the United States, among the Medicare population (age > 65 years), HF is among the leading cause of hospital admissions. Optimal care for older adults with HF requires knowledge of age-related physiologic changes, complex multi-organ, multi-dimensional syndromes, interdisciplinary teamwork and palliative/end of life care.
The Importance of Seasonality in Primatology

In August, 1996 a symposium on Seasonality in the Great Apes was held at the 1996 Joint Congress of the International Primatological Society and the American Society of Primatologists. This symposium brought together papers by 22 researchers from the United States and Japan, who presented new information from seven great ape study sites in Africa and Asia. This special edition of the International Journal of Primatology presents many papers from the symposium as well as others that grew out of discussions of the meeting. Most field primatologists acknowledge the importance of seasonality in ecology on many aspects of primate behavior and ecology. This important area has, however, received little study. Tropical forests have often been classified as either seasonal or nonseasonal, depending on the degree and annual distribution of rainfall. Nonseasonal, evergreen, rain forests are assumed to contain more continuously available food resources than seasonal rain forests. However, in both seasonal and nonseasonal forests, the production, duration, and synchrony of primate foods, including fruit, flowers, and new leaves, can be related to variations in many abiotic and biotic factors (van Schaik et al., 1993). Abiotic factors including temperature, rainfall patterns, day length, and amount of available daily sunlight are all implicated in the phenological patterns of tropical forests (Rathcke and Lacey, 1985; van Schaik et al., 1993). Phenological patterns are also influenced by biotic factors including plant-animal interactions. Such phenological patterns represent adaptations to benefits received by the plant, such as pollination (Carpenter, 1978; Sussman and Raven, 1978; Janson et al., 1981; Feinsinger, 1981) and seed dispersal (Howe and Smallwood, 1982; Janzen, 1982; Milton et al., 1982; Chapman, 1989; Smythe, 1989; Wrangham et al., 1994; Chapman and Chapman, 1995; Jordano, 1995). In contrast, these pat-
Parasitoids Collected from Greenbugs and Corn Leaf Aphids in Oklahoma in 1972

The distribution of parasitoids of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), on sorghum in Oklahoma was studied during the summer, 1972. Parasitoids of the families Braconidae, Eulophidae, Pteromalidae, Encyrtidae, and Cynipidae, were collected. Predators were observed from the families Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, and Syrphidae. Lysiphlebus testaccipes (Cresson) was the most abundant primary parasitoid collected from greenbugs. The predominant primary parasitoid emerging from parasitized corn leaf aphids was Aphelinus nigritus (Howard). A. varipes (Forester), an introduced primary parasitoid, was recovered from corn leaf aphids. The most abundant secondary parasitoid was Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashmead). Other secondary parasitoids were Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus (Mayr), Charips sp., and Asaphes lucens (Provancher). Both primary parasitoids and predators were active early in July. Secondary parasitoids were dominant by the latter half of July on parasitoids of the greenbug. The largest parasitoid populations were in the SW, followed by the Panhandle and north-central NE regions.
Modeling of incremental information of topographic database based on OEM

The distribution of the incremental information of topographic database is still one of the main open challenges for many topographic data producers.The incremental information is the data delta between the old version and new version of the same database.The incremental information is characterized by rather complex structures.These structures may be irregular(i.e.they do not necessarily conform to a fixed schema).Hence,the representation of incremental information in traditional data models,such as the relational or object-oriented,is not always feasible.In this respect,this paper investigates the use of semi-structured data(SSD)models for modeling incremental information.A framework for the representation of incremental information in OEM(Object Exchange Model),a popular model for semi-structured data is introduced.Additionally,it is shown how to map the OEM representation of incremental information to XML(eXtensible Markup Language)description.A simplified case study in the application domain of the distribution of topographical data is examined closely.
On College Students' Technological Innovation Education and Research Quality Training

Science and technology are primary productive forces, innovative ideas of young students is the potential power of the scientific and technological development, and train college students the quality of scientific and technological innovation, creating a high-level scientific and technological innovation talent is the current higher education is a major and urgent task. This article discusses college students scientific and technological innovation thinking ability, practical ability, teamwork, positive role in further studies and employment channels and the presence of some of the problems Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao technological innovation activities, for example. Technological innovation is a complex project, only the teachers, students and school management overall fit to make science and technology innovation and education multiplier.
SURVEY ON THE STATUS OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION IN THE MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF LANZHOU CITY

Objective To understand the characteristics of nosocomial infection in the medical institutions of Lanzhou city providing a scientific basis to strengthen the prevention and control work of nosocomial infection.Methods A retrospective survey was used to study the status of nosocomial infection in Lanzhou City.Results From 2007 to 2011,the average rate of nosocomial infection in medical institutions of Lanzhou City was 1.37%,and the omission rate of that was 0.15% on average.The infection rate of municipal hospitals was 1.94%;that in hospitals of factories and mines was 1.15%;the infection rate of county hospitals was 0.92%;that of private hospitals was 0.22%.Respiratory infections accounted for 64.24% of all infections,which were followed by gastrointestinal infections,urinary tract infections and surgical wound infection.Conclusion In the medical institutions of Lanzhou City,the nosocomial infection rates are low and the omission of infection cases exists,so the management of nosocomial infection should be improved.
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Turcot and Peutz–Jeghers Syndromes

To date the majority of colorectal cancers are thought to be sporadic. However, familial predisposition has been well recognized for years. Familial adenomatous polyposis coli, Turcot syndrome, Gardner syndrome, and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome are examples of hereditary syndromes that predispose individuals to colorectal adenocarcinoma as well as a host of other malignant, hamartomatous, and benign growths. While not comprehensive of all familial colorectal predisposition syndromes, a summary of these syndromes is provided in this chapter.
Neuropathy Target Esterase

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with neuropathy target esterase (NTE). Human NTE is now known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-6 because of the homology of its catalytic domain to patatin, a lipid acyl hydrolase found in potatoes and other plants. It is also cataloged as a lysophospholipase due to its hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine to glycerophosphocholine, but its precise physiological and pathogenic roles have not been firmly established. The protein was first identified in hen brain as the target for initiation of OPIDN by neuropathic OP compounds. NTE is commonly assayed as the activity toward the nonphysiological substrate PV that is resistant to preincubation with nonneuropathic paraoxon and sensitive to neuropathic mipafox. Extensive structure–activity relationships demonstrated that NTE inhibitors fell into two functional categories: neuropathic and nonneuropathic. The essential difference between neuropathic and nonneuropathic NTE inhibitors is that neuropathic inhibitors are capable of undergoing the aging reaction, whereby the NTE–OP conjugate undergoes net dealkylation/dearylation or deprotonation to yield a negatively charged phosphyl group covalently bonded to the active site serine. Because initiation of OPIDN appears to require aging of NTE rather than mere inhibition of its activity, it has been thought that aged NTE operates through a toxic gain-of-function mechanism, possibly by acting as a spurious phosphorylation signal to trigger a proactive axonopathic process akin to Wallerian degeneration. Conventional and conditional knockout experiments have shown NTE to be essential for the development and maintenance of various cells and tissues, including large neurons in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Although the model provides an alternative to the toxic gain-of-function hypothesis of aged NTE, further research is needed to decide between the options or to determine that they are not mutually exclusive and that both mechanisms may be operating.
From Critical Theory Toward Political Theory: Jürgen Habermas

The goals Max Horkheimer had set out for the Institute for Social Research were passed on to Jurgen Habermas in the 1960s when he was named professor of philosophy and sociology at the University of Frankfurt. Faithful to the attitude of Critical Theory, Habermas’ evolving work has been driven between two seemingly opposed, but in fact mutually dependent, poles: the concretisation of Critical Theory as a research program and the political concerns bound up with the Marxian heritage of Critical Theory. By actively inheriting the tension between these two poles, Habermas has been able to rethink many of the questions that blocked the development of Marxism. He has also been attacked politically by others who also claim to be heirs of Marx. This is not the place to adjudicate that case. At the end of the 1970s, Habermas was still in his 40s; his philosophical thought began to develop the idea of a ‘communicative reason’ that could overcome reified rationality. While waiting for the promised new study, a reflection on the path traveled by Critical Theory under his leadership offers a useful pause.
Who neglects risk? Investor experience and the credit boom

Abstract Many have argued that overoptimistic thinking on the part of lenders helps fuel credit booms. We use new micro-data on mutual funds’ holdings of securitizations to examine which investors are susceptible to such boom-time thinking. We show that firsthand experience plays a key role in shaping investors’ beliefs. During the 2003–2007 mortgage boom, inexperienced fund managers loaded up on securitizations linked to nonprime mortgages, accumulating twice the holdings of more seasoned managers. Moreover, inexperienced managers who personally experienced severe or recent adverse investment outcomes behaved more like seasoned managers. Training and institutional memory can serve as partial substitutes for personal experience.
Regenerative potential of human airway stem cells in lung epithelial engineering

Abstract Bio-engineered organs for transplantation may ultimately provide a personalized solution for end-stage organ failure, without the risk of rejection. Building upon the process of whole organ perfusion decellularization, we aimed to develop novel, translational methods for the recellularization and regeneration of transplantable lung constructs. We first isolated a proliferative KRT5+TP63+ basal epithelial stem cell population from human lung tissue and demonstrated expansion capacity in conventional 2D culture. We then repopulated acellular rat scaffolds in ex vivo whole organ culture and observed continued cell proliferation, in combination with primary pulmonary endothelial cells. To show clinical scalability, and to test the regenerative capacity of the basal cell population in a human context, we then recellularized and cultured isolated human lung scaffolds under biomimetic conditions. Analysis of the regenerated tissue constructs confirmed cell viability and sustained metabolic activity over 7 days of culture. Tissue analysis revealed extensive recellularization with organized tissue architecture and morphology, and preserved basal epithelial cell phenotype. The recellularized lung constructs displayed dynamic compliance and rudimentary gas exchange capacity. Our results underline the regenerative potential of patient-derived human airway stem cells in lung tissue engineering. We anticipate these advances to have clinically relevant implications for whole lung bioengineering and ex vivo organ repair.
Hopeful Engagement: The Sentimental Education of University-Sponsored Service Learning

The arrival and widespread adoption of service learning, an educational philosophy with roots in progressivism and pragmatism, is easily among the most significant developments in American higher education over the last 20 years. In a foundational definition, service learning joins practical service work with traditional pedagogical models to create “a form of experiential education [requiring reflection and reciprocity] in which students engage in activities that address human and community needs together with structured opportunities intentionally designed to promote student learning and development” [Jacoby, Service-learning in higher education: Concepts and practices, 1996, 5]. The expansion of the service-learning model reflects the growing influence of what has been termed, following Ernest Boyer, a “scholarship of engagement” (Boyer, Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate, 1990; cf. Butin, The Review of Higher Education 29(4): 473–498, 2006). As service-learning programs and centers have proliferated across the landscape of higher education––from liberal arts colleges and universities to professional accreditation programs and trade schools––research on the implementation, institutionalization, and impact of service learning has become an important area of investment for scholars in education, psychology, and public policy. Perhaps not surprisingly, this research tends to be both quantitative in nature and conducted at a high degree of abstraction. Many scholars are (justifiably) invested in measuring outcomes of service learning in order to prove the pedagogical worth of service learning and to design more effective programs (Butin, Service-learning in higher education: Critical issues and directions, 2005; Butin, Service-learning in theory and practice: The future of community engagement in higher education, 2010; Eylerand Giles, Where’s the learning in service-learning?, 1999; Jacoby, Service-learning in higher education: Concepts and practices, 1996). Research designed with these goals in mind tends to rely on survey data to document general trends, a methodological choice that necessarily constrains both the researchers’ ability to perceive nuance and the survey respondents’ capacity to express it in the first place.
MiR-144/451 Facilitates Erythroid Cellular Iron Uptake by Targeting Rab14

Abstract Abstract 609 The miR-144/451 locus is abundantly expressed during erythropoiesis where it regulates terminal maturation and anti-oxidant pathways. Here we report a role for miR-144/451 in erythroid iron uptake. MiR-144/451−/− (KO) mice exhibit mild microcytic hypochromic anemia, consistent with erythroid iron deficiency (Yu et al., G&D, 2008), although serum ferritin levels reflecting body iron stores are normal (674ng/ml vs. 790ng/ml in wild type (WT) controls, p=0.36, n=6/6). Expression of the major iron importer, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), is ∼50% reduced on KO reticulocytes (p Expression of TfR1 is highly regulated via intracellular endosomal trafficking, which can enhance the level of TfR1 expression by delivering the protein to the cell surface. Alternatively, endosomal TfR1 can be directed to lysosomes for degradation, or secreted via exosomes, small vesicles released by the fusion of multivesicular endosomes (MVE) with the plasma membrane. A family of Ras-related small GTPases, termed Rabs, regulates endosomal trafficking. In fibroblasts, Rab14 has been shown to inhibit TfR1 expression (Matsui et al., Traffic, 2011). The seed sequences of miR-144 and 451 both exhibit Watson-Crick homology to human and mouse Rab14 mRNAs. Moreover, miR-451 has been shown to directly inhibit Rab14 mRNA in lung carcinoma (Wang et al., Oncogene, 2011). Both Rab14 mRNA and protein levels are increased in miR-144/451−/− fetal liver erythroblasts by 2.1 and 2.3-fold respectively. In MEL cells, TfR1 expression is enhanced by expression of Rab14 shRNAs (up to 2-fold, p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Adaptive quantile estimation in performance monitoring of building automation systems

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings are subject to increasing expectations on performance. As such, HVAC systems need to be continuously monitored in order to early detect any anomalies which would degrade their performance. The building automation domain is subject to constraints which translate into the need for computationally efficient self-learning techniques. This paper provides an industrial R&D perspective on the topic with a more detailed focus on a modified algorithm for adaptive quantile estimation, which can be applied in various analytical workflows. This is shown on the examples of control performance monitoring and equipment fault detection. Real world results for control performance monitoring are presented and analyzed in more detail.
Delivery of Public Services on intensively DepopulatedTerritories: Is There Any Solution?

The article discusses responses for the strategic challenges related to delivery of public services (education, health and culture) on intensively depopulated territories, which are characterized by outflow of population, degradation of human capital, lack of finance. The analysis is based on field studies in four Russian regions and deals with successes and failures in their practical experience. The research shows that not all the possibilities of producing services of better quality and higher efficiency on intensively depopulated territories have currently been utilized. Possible ways to improve the situation are proposed.
Commerce Unbound: A Modern Promethean Story

We experiment with integrating economics and ethics in a form that could be described as literary-critical economic nonfiction. After offering an interpretation of Percy Shelley's “Prometheus Unbound,” we map the modern world of commerce into our interpretation of the lyrical drama to revivify bourgeois life as Shelley revivifies the Promethean story with his own take on the myth. In doing so we make Shelley’s purpose our own, “to familiarize” our readers “with beautiful idealisms of moral excellence” in their everyday lives of commerce. Shelley’s point and ours is that any socio-economic revolution, whether from the left or the right, will ultimately fail if it is fomented by despair, anger, and hate.
The Usability of the Websites of Alabama’s Community Colleges

ABSTRACTThis study explores the usability of community college websites. The value of a college’s website has been well established, as have accepted standards for basic website design. However, current usability standards are less clear and in various stages of acceptance. To consider this question, standards of usability were applied to all community college websites in Alabama. Websites were assessed for usability by use of a modified instrument that includes sample usability task scenarios provided by Cornell University’s Web Accessibility Toolkit and includes items from a similar exploration conducted on a national sample of colleges and universities (Meyer, 2008). The existence of specific website content tailored to prospective part-time students and the use of social media by the Alabama community colleges was also examined. Results show that most colleges meet minimum standards for usability.
30 Enhancing violence surveillance: the contribution of paediatric emergency department and paramedic assault incidents to police administrative data

Purpose The Cardiff Model has reduced violence in Cardiff, Wales through data collection in emergency departments (EDs), geospatial analysis of combined ED and police data and data-informed prevention approaches. We describe initial results of combining multiple data sources to develop an enhanced violence surveillance system in Milwaukee, WI. Methods Geographic data on assaults was collected in a level one paediatric trauma centre. For assault incidents between 1/2015–9/2016, where a juvenile was a victim, combined ED and emergency medical services (EMS) geographic data (ED/EMS; n=935) were analysed alongside block-level police assault and violence incident data (n=1,837). Nearest neighbour hierarchical spatial clustering detected hotspots of 10 or more incidents within various distance thresholds. Overlap of police incidents in ED/EMS hotspots (and vice versa) was calculated and Spearman’s rho tested statistical associations between the datasets. Results Over 90% of assaults in the ED/EMS dataset were not recorded by police. High density hotspots in the ED/EMS dataset did not include a majority of incidents recorded by police. Approximately 59% of ED/EMS incidents occurred in large police hotspots without police knowledge’”police were unaware of one assault incident (serviced by ED/EMS) for every 3 incidents that they recorded. The two datasets were significantly correlated at most hotspot distance thresholds. Conclusion Preliminary analyses suggest that police, ED and EMS attend to and record some juvenile assaults without the knowledge of the other sectors. An enhanced surveillance system may result in a more comprehensive picture of community violence and could become a tool for prevention activities. Significance More comprehensive surveillance may promote a paradigm shift from a focus on reactionary tactics and treatment of injuries to targeted place-based prevention strategies that data-informed. These efforts could lead to decreases in injuries seen in EDs, assaults reported to the police, and to significant cost savings for each dollar spent.
Designer Two-Electron Storage Viologen Anolyte Materials for Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries

Summary Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are highly attractive for large-scale energy storage because redox-active organic molecules are synthetically tunable, sustainable, and potentially low cost. Here, we show that rational molecular engineering yielded a series of two-electron storage viologen molecules as anolyte materials for AORFBs. In neutral NaCl solutions, these viologen anolytes have a theoretical capacity of up to 96.5 Ah/L in H 2 O and exhibit a reduction potential as low as −0.78 V versus normal hydrogen electrode. The neutral aqueous flow batteries with two two-electron storage viologen molecules delivered a cell voltage of up to 1.38 V and outstanding battery performance, including a power density of up to 130 mW/cm 2 , capacity retention of up to 99.99% per cycle, and energy efficiency of up to 65% at 60 mA/cm 2 . Density functional theory calculations revealed that the 1e − and 2e − reduced redox states of these molecules were stabilized by the high charge delocalization of their frontier SOMO or HOMO.
Vaping in Context: Links Among E-cigarette Use, Social Status, and Peer Influence for College Students:

In this study, we examined how the number of friends and leadership among peers related to e-cigarette use and beliefs about the social consequences of use among college students. Data were collect...
Oxidative stress enhances mitochondrial DNA-dependent type I interferon responses.

It is increasingly well-appreciated that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can engage the cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing machinery to trigger type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. However, the exact immunostimulatory features of mtDNA and whether other nucleic acid sensors participate in triggering IFN-I remain poorly defined. We have discovered that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species potentiate mtDNA-driven IFN-I responses by enhancing the immunostimulatory properties of this DNA toward the cGAS-STING pathway. Moreover, we report that elevated oxidative stress results in the accumulation of mtDNA species with unique secondary structures that enhance IFN-I production. Finally, we report that Zbp1/DAI cooperates with cGAS to sustain IFN-I responses triggered by mtDNA. These results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of mtDNA recognition by the cytosolic DNA sensing machinery, with broad implications for understanding human diseases with mtDNA as a pathogenic inflammatory driver.
The influence of dialogic engagement and prominence on visual product placement in virtual reality videos

Abstract To identify effective strategies of visual product placement in virtual reality (VR) videos, an experiment was conducted to examine whether dialogic engagement, prominence, and perceived control of VR videos affected brand perception and recall. The experiment revealed that perceived control of VR videos significantly influenced interest in a brand and willingness to consider it. Prominence moderated the effect of dialogic engagement on brand recall. Dialogic engagement was positively associated with a co-creating experience. The findings suggest that product placement in VR videos resembles that of interactive media. Unlike traditional films, prominent placement is generally preferred in VR videos. Prominent placement that is highly engaging maximizes brand exposure. The current study is of significance since it differentiates VR videos from other similar interactive and/or visual media, extends the concept of dialogic engagement to VR, examines perceived control, co-creation, visual prominence, and brand perception in a new context, and offers strategic recommendations.
The syntax and semantics of negative questions and answers in Korean and English

Differences in Korean and English negative polarity questions (NPQs) are revealed by the interpretation of simple yes - no answers to them. Yes - no answers to NPQs have seemingly unpredictable interpretations (Claus et al. 2017, Holmberg 2013, Kim 2017, Krifka 2017, Kramer & Rawlins 2009, Ladd 1981, Sudo 2013). However, one clearly observable fact is that yes - no answers to English and Korean NPQs can have opposite interpretations. This study: (i) compares the interpretation of positive and negative polarity questions (PPQs and NPQs) in English and Korean; (ii) examines the structure of negation in each language and its interaction with NPQs; and (iii) reports on an online experiment which gathered native speaker interpretations of NPQs in each language under context-free conditions.
FURTHER SEROLOGICAL AND GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE I-E and I-C SUBREGIONS

Abstract: I subregions I-E and I-C are two discrete subregions supported by molecular and genetic data. Crossing-over in recombinant B10.S(8R) possibly occurred between the I-E and the I-C subregions. The strain is positive for la.22 ( I-E k ) and negative for la.7 ( I-C s ). We have confirmed that JE subregion products interact as shown by serological cross-reactions, further enhancing the idea that I region genes evolved by duplication. A hypothetical evolutionary scheme for the I region genes is discussed.