cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Place of Planning in Sustainability Metrics for Public Works: Lessons From the Philadelphia Region

Baseline goals need to be established for public works administration in order to develop new metrics that meaningfully reflect the ideals and imperatives implied by the notion of sustainability, This paper describes an attempt to establish these baseline goals, focusing on four policy areas in the Philadelphia metropolitan region. In this study, a survey was administered to key informants who had also agreed to participate in focus groups. The purposes of the survey and focus groups were to establish an initial understanding of how the regional environmental policy community understood and defined the notion of sustainability and what the respondents would like to see in terms of new measurements that reflect their understandings. The findings show that land use policies could most likely serve as a common matrix for sustainability baselines and measurements in transportation, energy and water. Directions for future research are highlighted.
Rapid Methods for Lipoxygenase Assay in Sweet Corn

Potential methods for rapid assay of sweet corn lipoxygenase (LPO) were evaluated and compared by visual inspection. Both model system (partially purified) and vegetable (LPO extract) system studies were carried out. Model system studies indicated that LPO had maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 2.0 mM linoleic acid. Methylene blue bleaching (MBB), carotene bleaching (CB), and potassium iodide-starch (KI-S) methods were evaluated both spectrophotometrically and visually. Both MBB and KI-S methods were effective for the model system. For the vegetable LPO extract systems (sweet corn and green beans), the MBB method indicated positive results for both, the CB method was not effective for either, and the KI-S method was very effective for green beans but not for sweet corn.
Blood in the Face: The Klu KIux Klan, Aryan Nations, Nazi Skinheads, and the Rise of a New White Culture.; Broken Heartland: The Rise of America's Rural Ghetto

Blood in the Face: The Ku Klux Klan, Aryan Nations, Nazi Skinheads, and the Rise of. New White Culture. James Ridgeway. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1991. 203 pp. $18.95 (paper). Broken Heartland: The Rise of America's Rural Ghetto. Osha Gray Davidson. New York: Free Press, 1990.xiii. 224 pp. $22.95 (cloth).
Chiral molecules with polyhedral T, O, or I symmetry: Theoretical solution to a difficult problem in stereochemistry

Ever since point groups of symmetry have been used to describe molecules after Van't Hoff and Le Bel proposed tetrahedral structures for carbon atoms in 1874, it remains difficult to design chiral molecules with polyhedral symmetry T, O, or I. Past theoretical and experimental studies have mainly accomplished molecular structures that have the conformations for satisfying the T symmetry. In this work, we present a general theoretical approach to construct rigid molecular structures that have permanently the symmetry of T, O, and I. This approach involves desymmetrizaton of the vertices or the edges of Platonic solid-shaped molecules with dissymmetric moieties. Using density functional theory (DFT) and assisted model building and energy refinement (AMBER) computational methods, the structure, the rigidity, and the symmetry of the molecule are confirmed by assessing the lowest energy conformation of the molecule, which is initially presented in a planar graph. This method successfully builds molecular structures that have the symmetry of T, O, and I. Interestingly, desymmetrization of the edges has a more stringent requirement of rigidity than desymmetrization of the vertices for affording the T, O, or I symmetry. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A computational model-based validation of Guyton's analysis of cardiac output and venous return curves

Guyton (1973) developed a popular approach for understanding the factors responsible for cardiac output (CO) regulation in which 1) the heart-lung unit and systemic circulation are independently characterized via CO and venous return (VR) curves, and 2) average CO and right atrial pressure (RAP) of the intact circulation are predicted by graphically intersecting the curves. However, this approach is virtually impossible to verify experimentally. We theoretically evaluated the approach with respect to a nonlinear, computational model of the pulsatile heart and circulation. We developed two sets of open circulation models to generate CO and VR curves, differing by the manner in which average RAP was varied One set applied constant RAPs, while the other set applied pulsatile RAPs. Accurate prediction of intact, average CO and RAP was achieved only by intersecting the CO and VR curves generated with pulsatile RAPs because of the pulsatility and nonlinearity (e.g., systemic venous collapse) of the intact model. The CO and VR curves generated with pulsatile RAPs were also practically independent. This theoretical study therefore supports the validity of Guyton's graphical analysis.
Ionized cluster beam deposition of GaAs thin films for solar cells

Polycrystalline GaAs films have been deposited by means of an ion-assisted deposition process at a technical vacuum of 10/sup -7/ torr at the lowest possible substrate temperatures. Epitaxial GaAs layers have been produced by use of a commercial ionized-cluster-beam evaporation source as well as a modified electron-beam evaporator. Promising results concerning the electronic properties have been obtained. Net doping is on the order of 10/sup 13//cm/sup 3/, and mobility-values correspond to literature values at room temperature. The films are natively p-doped. N-doping by coevaporation of Sn has been achieved. At substrate temperatures as low as 300 degrees C, monocrystalline growth of GaAs layers has been observed. Schottky and MIS diodes using ZnSe-I layers have been produced on n-doped epilayers using semitransparent Au-films. Photosensitivities comparable to bulk material have been obtained in spite of a still significant density of defect states. First depositions onto Mo-coated 7095 glass substrates have also been achieved, resulting in highly 111-oriented polycrystalline films. >
Error Probabilities for Binary Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Communications with Random Signature Sequences

Binary direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communications, an additive white Gaussian noise channel, and a coherent correlation receiver are considered. An expression for the output of the receiver is obtained for the case of random signature sequences, and the corresponding characteristic function is determined. The expression is used to study the density function of the multiple-access interference and to determine arbitrarily tight upper and lower bounds on the average probability of error. The bounds, which are obtained without making a Gaussian approximation, are compared to results obtained using a Gaussian approximation. The effects of transmitter power, the length of the signature sequences, and the number of interfering transmitters are illustrated. Each transmitter is assumed to have the same power, although the general approach can accommodate the case of transmitters with unequal powers.
Social Justice, Children’s Needs and Rights: An Approach to Planning

Commonly, planning for children involves comparing what they know against a curriculum or learning frameworkwhich identifies what they should know. Early childhood educators are then expected to create learning opportunitiesto help fill the gap between these two extremes. In this paper I argue that such an approach does not honour therequirements outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, particularly in relation torespecting children’s agency. Rather, in this approach adults possess and enact power over children: adults make thedecisions about what children should know and what and how they will be taught. I propose an alternative framing ofplanning. The focus of the planning becomes what early childhood educators need to do to ensure children’s rightsare met rather than on what children need to learn to meet the requirements of the relevant curriculum or learningframework.
Childhood Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and the Risk of Ulcerative Colitis

Previous reports have suggested that there may be a protective effect of active cigarette smoking on the risk of ulcerative colitis. Because passive smoking may also have other health consequences, the authors examined the effect of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during childhood on adult risk of ulcerative colitis in a case-control study of 172 cases drawn in 1986-1987 from the rosters of North Carolina chapters of the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America and 131 peer-nominated neighborhood controls. Active smokers were less likely to develop ulcerative colitis than were nonexposed nonsmokers (odds ratio = 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.24-1.14). The risk was also decreased in passive smokers, i.e., those whose parents had smoked (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.25-1.00). Risk estimates were not related to sex, education, age at onset of symptoms, or year of onset of symptoms. Both active smoking in adulthood and passive childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke appear to decrease the risk of ulcerative colitis. The results indicate that childhood passive smoke exposures can influence adult susceptibility to ulcerative colitis.
The 'King' of Food Versus Adequate Nutrition: Nutritional Science in the Mother Tongue

African Ethnicities mainly involved in peasant economy divide food produced in their environment into such categories of preferred food otherwise known as the ‘king of food’ and ‘not so good’ food which must be taken in an effort to keep hunger in check until the preferred staple can be eaten. Culture establishes when this preferred food can be eaten precisely because a function of food in Africa is not just to satisfy hunger. The reason for eating the ‘king of food’ at night is to prepare for the eternal journey to the other world. The African believes that ‘natural’ death comes at night. Thus religious notions of what constitutes great departure to afterlife supports the idea that these staple food is eaten at night and not when one is about to do hard work that can aid metabolism. This contribution looks closely at the Yoruba staple foods, their bio-medical composition in relation to how they promote or hinder health and wellness. It suggests that Nutrition Education in terms of composition and adequate nutrition to encourage health and wellness can be taught in the mother tongue to prevent common killers like diabetes prompted by obesity.
Functional Graphene: Top-Down Chemistry of the π-Surface

A perspective on selected recent advances in graphene functionalization is offered. The activation of graphite as a means to create exfoliated sheets is highlighted as an important approach to achieve dispersions of individual graphene sheets.
Studies on the internal defense mechanisms of sponges: II. Phagocytosis and elimination of India ink and carmine particles by certain parenchymal cells of Terpios zeteki☆

Specimens of the sponge Terpios zeteki were challenged with 1:10 sea-water dilutions of India ink and carmine particles, and examined in histological sections at 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 hr post-injection. It was determined that foreign particles injected into the mesoglea formed extracellular clumps by the 1st hr. These clumps were subsequently resolved with the concurrent phagocytosis of the particles by archaeocytes and less frequently by collencytes. Ink- and carmine-laden sponge cells moved through the mesoglea and entered excurrent canals by migration between the lining pinacocytes. In this manner, the sponges became cleared of foreign particles. Carmine particles were completely eliminated by the 24th hr and ink particles by the 96th hr when maintained at 20°C in sea water with a salinity of 35 ‰ Differential counts of the five types of free parenchymal cells did not reveal any significant increase in the number of cells during the course of the experiment although dividing archaeocytes and collencytes were observed.
A Quantitative Comparison between 1D and 3D Source Inversion Methodologies: Application to the Middle East

We present a quantitative comparison between seismic moment tensor (MT) inversion solutions using 1D and 3D synthetic seismograms at two frequency bands for events in the Middle East, to assess the effects of 3D models on source studies. Complex geology associated with the active continental convergent margin leads to a scarcity of reliable, available data, necessitating a thorough examination of solution stability and robustness to assure an accurate description of sources with well‐characterized source parameters. Solutions were calculated for 195 events ( M w>5.5) using a full‐waveform MT inversion matching both phase and amplitude. Seismic data processed at two frequency bands compares short‐ and long‐period performance for 1D and 3D synthetic seismograms. An improvement in fit between data and synthetics is seen using 3D over 1D synthetic seismograms, especially for complex body‐wave propagation and surface‐wave dispersion. At short periods, 3D synthetics provide a more robust solution compared with 1D, showing a reduction in error of the source mechanism. The percentage of double‐couple components increases with the addition of 3D structure and suggests the percentage of non‐double‐couple components is a result of poorly constrained Earth structure. Event solutions contained in the catalog (![Graphic][1] Table S1 in the electronic supplement to this paper) have an average cross‐correlation value of 0.87, with good amplitude ratios, and are improved (i.e., increased variance reduction) yet consistent with longer period solutions from the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalog. Online Material: Table of 184 event solutions from 3D moment tensor inversion. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Human Urine-Derived Inhibitors of Interleukin 1

Human urine has been found to contain several different substances that are capable of inhibiting the in vitro effects of interleukin 1 (IL-1). The urine of febrile individuals contains elevated levels of a 30-40 kilodalton (kdal) glycoprotein that is a potent inhibitor of IL-1-induced proliferation of murine thymocytes. This inhibitor from febrile individuals also blocks antigen-induced activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro but increases, rather than decreases IL-1-induced production of prostaglandin E2 by fibroblasts. Uromodulin, an 85-kdal glycoprotein derived from the urine of pregnant women, is also a potent inhibitor of IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation and human lymphocyte activation. Differences in molecular weight, biologic activity, and antigenicity suggest that uromodulin and the febrile inhibitor are distinct entities. Urine of some individuals has also been found to contain large amounts of a third IL-1 inhibitor that is 20-25 kdal in size. Unlike the febrile inhibitor and uromodulin, this 25-kdal molecule has been found to be a potent inhibitor of IL-1-induced production of prostaglandin E2 by fibroblasts as well as of the proliferation of thymocytes. The biologic activities of these three inhibitors indicate that they may be part of an important physiologic system for the regulation of immunity and inflammation in humans.
Decrease in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Ratio in the First Week of Stroke Is Related to Positive Outcomes

Background High insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), measured once during acute stroke, is associated with greater survival rates and lower stroke severity. However, information is lacking regarding how IGF-1 availability, determined by IGF-1's ratio to insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), relates to recovery and how the response of IGF-1 during the first week of stroke relates to outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the following: (1) the relationship between percent change in IGF-1 and IGF-1 ratio during the first week of stroke and stroke outcomes; and (2) the difference in percent change in IGF-1 and IGF-1 ratio in individuals being discharged home and individuals being discharged to inpatient facilities. Methods IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were quantified from blood sampled twice ( Results Percent change in IGF-1 ratio was related to length of stay (r = .54; P = .04). Modified Rankin Scale (n = 10) was related to percent change in IGF-1 (r = .90; P P = .01). Individuals who went home (n = 7) had decreases in IGF-1 (−24 + 25%) and IGF-1 ratio (−36 + 50%), whereas individuals who went to inpatient facilities (n = 8) had increases in IGF-1 (37 + 46%) and IGF-1 ratio (30 + 40%). These differences were significant (IGF-1: P = .008; IGF-1 ratio: P = .01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that a decrease in IGF-1 and IGF-1 ratio during the first week of stroke is associated with favorable outcomes: shorter length of stay, greater independence at 1 month on the modified Rankin Scale, and discharging home.
Carnivalesque Resistance to Global Spectacle: A Critical Postmodern Theory of Public Administration

AbstractI propose a critical postmodern application of Debord’s Spectacle and the carnivaJesque of Bakhtin to the theatrics I see happening in city streets, on college campuses, and Internet resisting the new globalized economy. In the past decade public administration has experienced the postmodernturn, becoming caught in the conflicting theatrics of corporate-mediatized spectacle and the carnival of resistance to globalization discourse. My contribution is to theorize the interplay of spectacle and carnival on the global stage as theatrical constructions of corporate and state power and resistance. I analyze growth of the spectacle of the monitoring industry that attests corporate codes of conducts in narratives of progress, while the anti-sweatshop and antiglobalization carnivals perform a devolution script in street theater, antisweat fashion shows, and cyber-activism.
Effects of Locus of Control, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Tutoring on Academic Performance.

This study investigated the connection between locus of control (LOC), academic self-efficacy (ASE), and academic performance, and whether these variables are affected by tutoring. Additional varia...
Racial awakening: Epiphanies and encounters in Black racial identity

Objective The current study was guided by Nigrescence theory (Cross, 1971, 1991) and explored the phenomenon of racial awakening or epiphanic experiences of Black adults. We were interested in describing the context and perceived outcomes of the epiphanies in participants' understanding of what it means to be Black. Method Sixty-four adults participated in racial life narrative interviews. There was an equivalent number of men and women who participated from 4 sites: Australia, Bermuda, South Africa, and the United States. Results Findings from dimensional analysis highlight the turning points, triggers, and awakening or epiphanies in one's racial identity. Specifically, in this study racial awakening or increased awareness about the meaning of being Black was spurred by personal experiences and/or observations, education, and activism. Participants discussed increased racial activism, racial pride, and possible-selves after the process of racial awakening and continued exploration. Only 1 participant described disappointment and despair after a racial epiphany. Conclusions Findings extend our understanding of the process in which people develop a sense of racial consciousness. Insights may help inform future researchers in terms of identifying racial awakening prototypic stories and counselors in terms of providing opportunities to assist individuals in the meaning-making process. (PsycINFO Database Record
What Is Hemophilia

Hemophilia is the subject of this chapter. The physical and psychological features of this clotting disorder are described in words and photographs. This chapter reviews the limited effectiveness of efforts to control bleeding prior to the 1960s and the discovery of cryoprecipitate in 1963, which revolutionized the treatment of this disease. By 1980, the use of cryoprecipitate and other clotting factor concentrates had become widespread, and the life expectancy of hemophiliacs had increased from 39.7 to 60.5 years. The role of academic medical centers, blood banks, and pharmaceutical companies in the development and dissemination of the new therapy is discussed. The efforts of these organizations greatly enhanced the quality of life of all hemophiliacs; however, the treatment was not without problems, and its adoption by physicians and acceptance by hemophiliacs around the world led to the disastrous global spread of human immunodeficiency virus in the 1980s.
Toward reorganization of government services: An analysis of the police role

The lack of consensus regarding the overall role of police in society creates numerous operational and management problems. This article examines the police role from theoretical and applied standpoints in an effort to determine consensus areas. It is postulated that role diffusion has created problems affecting police productivity. Finally, other peripheral government agencies are examined along these same lines and suggestions for the reorganization of public service agencies are proposed in an effort to increase overall government productivity.
Ultra-low-power sensor signal processing unit for implantable biosensor applications

In recent years various types of implantable medical devices have been proposed for monitoring various physiological parameters of human body. Long term maintenance-free operation of these devices requires extreme low-power operation to avoid periodic replacement of batteries. For real-time monitoring of health condition, the implantable medical devices also need to transmit the vital information outside of the human body for further diagnostics and processing. This work shows the design and simulation of an ultra-low-power signal processing unit suitable for implantable biosensor applications. The proposed unit comprises of a Data Generator Block, an Impulse Generator Block and a Buffer Block. The Data Generator Block takes the signal from any generic sensor and transforms the sensor signal into frequency modulated digital pulses by employing a relaxation oscillator. The Impulse Generator Block converts the digital pulses into impulse signals for impulse-radio based wireless telemetry. Finally the Buffer Block drives a standard 200O antenna load. Use of weak inversion MOSFET and relaxation oscillator structure inside the Data Generator Block facilitate to achieve extreme low-power operation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Abstract 384: Association of Insulin Resistance With Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Normotensive and Prehypertensive Patients

Introduction Hypertension and insulin resistance are well established risk factors for atherosclerosis. Accumulated evidence also suggests that insulin resistance plays a contributory role in the development of essential hypertension. Previous studies have focused on patients with established hypertension, using clinic blood pressure (BP) measurements. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) records BP at 20-30 minute intervals over 24 hours, providing an average BP exposure over time. We tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance and blood pressure are associated in normotensive and prehypertensive patients, using ABPM to quantify average BP. Methods Data were collected for 140 subjects (87 female, 53 male; 117 non-black, 23 black). In addition to clinic BP, ABPM was used to obtain average SBP and DBP over 24 hours. Insulin resistance (IR) was quantified using the QUantitative Insulin sensitivity ChecK Index (QUICKI), calculated from fasting glucose and insulin levels with the formula QUICKI = 1/(log [Fasting insulin in mU/l] + log [Fasting plasma glucose in mg/dl]). Multiple linear regression was used to assess IR as a predictor of ABPM-derived BP measures, controlling for BMI, gender, age, and race. Results In the entire cohort using ABPM, there was a significant association of IR with DBP24 (p=0.012) but not SBP24 (p=0.11). The association between IR and clinic SBP was marginally significant (p=0.09); DBP NS (p=0.33). After stratifying by gender, IR was significantly associated with SBP24, Daytime SBP (p=0.064, 0.044), DBP24 and Daytime DBP (p=0.02 and p=0.015) in males; no association was found in females. Conclusions This study demonstrates a significant association of IR with average 24-hour DBP in males and females combined. Stratified by gender, our finding using ABPM of a significant association of IR with SBP in males but not in females supports previous findings using clinic BP in the NHANES cohort. In conclusion, these data demonstrate the presence of IR in prehypertension, and lend support to the theory that IR may contribute to later development of sustained hypertension, particularly in males. Additionally, our study highlights the importance of further research using ABPM for a more precise estimate of average BP level.
Consumption of fresh alfalfa hay by mule deer and elk

Tame mule deer and elk were fed fresh alfalfa hay at night and given various alternate forages during the day. This schedule, simulating farmland depredation feeding, yielded consumption values for field-growing alfalfa hay.
Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Workforce Participation for People With Disabilities

Objectives. To use data from the Health Reform Monitoring Survey (HRMS) to examine differences in employment among community-living, working-age adults (aged 18–64 years) with disabilities who live in Medicaid expansion states and nonexpansion states.Methods. Analyses used difference-in-differences to compare trends in pooled, cross-sectional estimates of employment by state expansion status for 2740 HRMS respondents reporting a disability, adjusting for individual and state characteristics.Results. After the Affordable Care Act (ACA), respondents in expansion states were significantly more likely to be employed compared with those in nonexpansion states (38.0% vs 31.9%; P = .011).Conclusions. Prior to the ACA, many people with disabilities were required to live in poverty to maintain their Medicaid eligibility. With Medicaid expansion, they can now enter the workforce, increase earnings, and maintain coverage.Public Health Implications. Medicaid expansion may improve employment for people with disabilities.
Identification of Dietzia spp. from Cardiac Tissue by 16S rRNA PCR in a Patient with Culture-Negative Device-Associated Endocarditis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

The genus Dietzia was recently distinguished from other actinomycetes such as Rhodococcus. While these organisms are known to be distributed widely in the environment, over the past decade several novel species have been described and isolated from human clinical specimens. Here we describe the identification of Dietzia natronolimnaea/D. cercidiphylli by PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA encoding gene from cardiac tissue in a patient with culture-negative device-associated endocarditis.
Creation of a Ribosomal Protein Sa/LAMR1 Heterozygous Mouse.

Abstract Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a severe hypoplastic anemia that generally presents early in infancy. Approximately 25% of DBA cases have been linked to mutations in the gene encoding ribosomal protein S19. The remaining cases are of unknown etiology. Our studies in yeast have identified a specific role for Rps19 in the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. While only one other small subunit ribosomal protein, Rps18, has a function virtually identical to Rps19 in subunit maturation, several others have functions closely related to Rps19. If the involvement of Rps19 in DBA is linked to its role in the synthesis of 40S ribosomal subunits, we would expect that one or more of these other ribosomal proteins may be responsible for DBA in patients with normal RPS19. To address a potential role for ribosomal proteins other than Rps19 in DBA we have created a transgenic mouse heterozygous at the LAMR1 locus. LAMR1 encodes ribosomal protein Sa, the mammalian homolog of the yeast ribosomal protein S0. Rps0, like Rps19, is required for the maturation of the 3′ end of 18S rRNA. We are currently in the fourth generation of out-crossing the original 129SvEv/C57BL6J chimeras to a C57BL6 background. The frequency of heterozygous pups is about that expected by Mendelian segregation suggesting that haploinsufficiency for ribosomal protein Sa does not lead to significant embryonic lethality. The heterozygous mice do, however, exhibit a higher frequency of craniofacial abnormalities and premature deaths relative to their wild-type littermates. The overall fitness of the heterozygous mice appears to be decreasing with each generation of outcrossing to the C57/BL6 background. Efforts are underway to understand the nature of the premature deaths and to obtain detailed hematological profiles on the LAMR1 heterozygous mice.
Association of Dermatology Consultations With Patient Care Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Inflammatory Skin Diseases.

Importance The value of inpatient dermatology consultations has traditionally been demonstrated with frequency in changes of diagnosis and management; however, the impact of dermatology consultations on metrics such as hospital length of stay and readmission rates remains unknown. Objective To determine the association of dermatology consultations with patient care in hospitalized patients using objective values. Design, Setting, and Participants We retrospectively queried the deidentified database of patients hospitalized between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, at a single university medical center. A total of 413 patients with a primary inflammatory skin condition discharge diagnosis and 647 patients with primary inflammatory skin condition admission diagnosis were selected. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospital length of stay and 1-year readmission with inflammatory skin conditions. Results The 413 patients with a primary inflammatory skin condition discharge diagnosis were 61.0% female and had a mean (SD) age of 55.1 (16.4) years. The 647 patients with primary inflammatory skin condition admission diagnosis were 50.8% female and had a mean (SD) age of 57.8 (15.9) years. Multivariable modeling showed that dermatology consultations were associated with a reduction of 1-year inflammatory skin condition readmissions among patients who were discharged primarily with an inflammatory skin condition (readmission probability, 0.0025; 95% CI, 0.00020-0.030 with dermatology consult vs 0.026; 95% CI, 0.0065-0.10 without; odds ratio, 0.093; 95% CI, 0.010-0.840; P = .03). No other confounding variable was associated with reduction in readmissions. Multivariable modeling also showed that dermatology consultations were associated with a reduction in the adjusted hospital length of stay by 2.64 days (95% CI, 1.75-3.53 days; P Conclusions and Relevance Dermatology consultations were associated with improvements of outcomes among hospitalized patients. The expansion of the role of dermatology consultation services may improve patient care in a cost-effective manner.
Examples of Inverse Nodal Problems

In this talk we will consider the following problem: What can you say about a vibrating rod, if you know the position of the nodes. A node is a point where an eigenfunction vanishes. We will assume that the mass per unit length is constant and try to determine the elasticity of the rod from the nodes. Instead of presenting general theories, (see [1,2,3]), we will consider two simple examples. In the first example the elasticity varies linearly and in the second the elastic modulus has a discontinuity. We will find that the presence of a discontinuity does not destroy the accuracy of the reconstruction.
Social influences on sorority and fraternity member smoking

ABSTRACTObjective: To understand how the Greek system uniquely influences smoking attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among college students who belong to a social sorority or fraternity. Participants: Active members of sororities (n = 16) and fraternities (n = 17) were interviewed between February 2013 and October 2015. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted examining the social influences of the Greek system on member smoking. Transcribed interviews were coded and analyzed for themes. Results: Sorority and fraternity members experienced different social influences on smoking. Sorority stigmatization of smoking outside bars or parties caused sorority members to hide their smoking. Fraternity members had no social penalties for smoking and allowed smoking at the fraternity house. Fraternity members influenced both fraternity members and sorority members to smoke by sharing cigarettes and smoking at parties. Conclusions: Sororities and fraternities have created social environments that both promote smok...
When Good Grades Go Bad

Mr. Fizz is a boy just like any other: athletic, energetic, and studious. He is his Grandma’s pride and joy—always the first to give him rewards for his good work at school. The more he was rewarded, the harder he worked in school. Pretty soon, he began to work longer and longer nights, as his schoolwork became more demanding and his rewards became even sweeter. Grandma began presenting him with liters of Mountain Dew® (Fig. 6.1) in reward. Pretty soon, this fizzy delight began to act as his driving force. He needed to not only fit in time to do his school work, but he also wanted to have a little fun on the side too—if only he could stay up a little later (Figs. 6.2 and 6.3).
Fast design of unconditionally stable power amplifier using the center frequency smith tube

Unconditional stability is often a desired criterion in amplifier design. The Smith Tube, a three-dimensional cylindrical extension of the Smith Chart with center frequency represented on the height axis, can be used as a tool to design an unconditionally stable amplifier. The stability circles taken over frequency are extended into a stability surface in the Smith Tube representing regions of stability and instability across a range of frequencies. This aids the designer in selecting parameters that will result in an unconditionally stable amplifier design over all frequencies. While this paper discusses stabilization using the Smith Tube, the Frequency Smith Tube can also be used to assess gain and noise performance over frequency, and to plot the reflection coefficient presented by a matching network to a device as frequency is varied. This allows visualization of a bandwidth-based design in a single view.
Electing Women to National Legislatures

This chapter examines women’s numeric representation in national legislatures as it relates to women’s political empowerment. Women’s presence in parliament symbolizes the political empowerment of female citizens, broadly defined, as higher levels of representation signal the openness, inclusivity, and equity of the political system. Yet women’s presence in legislatures may not translate into high levels of individual empowerment for female lawmakers. Institutional, organizational, and structural barriers—such as masculine cultures and male-dominated political parties—limit women’s abilities to exercise their talents and qualifications. Future research should examine how this measure of political empowerment varies across different conceptualizations of “women.” Scholars should examine not just women as a group but women as individuals and as differentiated by race, ethnicity, class, and other identity-based categories.
REFLECTIONS ON THE FUTURE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL, NONPROFIT AND COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE

The paper explores the circumstances and conditions that give rise to demand for and supply of social, nonprofit and cooperative enterprises. It examines likely future changes in the economic, social and technological environments and reflects on how these changes may affect demand for and supply of these enterprises. The paper concludes that changes in the environment are like to generate conflicting trends, although a dominant trend may emerge: an increase in the number of social, nonprofit and cooperative enterprises that are oriented towards the satisfaction of needs of specific ethnocultural groups. This trend may be amplified by the widespread adoption of additive manufacturing (3D printing), which will facilitate local production where consumers are located.
Antibacterial activity of acidified sodium benzoate against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth and on cherry tomatoes.

Abstract Concerns about undesirable by-products from chlorine sanitation of fresh produce and the limited efficacy with the presence of organic matter, have led to studies on alternative washing solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of acidified sodium benzoate (NaB) solutions against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in growth medium and on cherry tomatoes. Experimentally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs, >3 Log reduction) of NaB against E. coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, S. Enteritidis, and L. monocytogenes Scott A were determined at pH 7.0–4.0 using micro-broth dilution method and agar plating method, respectively. The reduction of the three bacteria in tryptic soy broth (TSB) by 500 and 1000 ppm NaB at pH 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 for 30 min at 21 °C was compared. Residual bacterial cocktails inoculated on cherry tomatoes were determined after soaking in 3000 ppm NaB solution adjusted to pH 2.0 for 3 min at 21 °C. Results showed that the MBC of NaB reduced from >10,000 ppm at pH 7.0 to 1000 ppm at pH 4.0 and was identical for the three bacteria. The log reduction of bacteria in TSB indicated that 1000 ppm NaB at pH 2.0 was the most effective in killing the three pathogens. The respective reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica cocktails inoculated on cherry tomatoes immersed in 3000 ppm NaB (pH 2.0) at 21 °C for 3 min was 4.99 ± 0.57 and 4.08 ± 0.65 log CFU/g, which was significantly higher (p 0.05) to 200 ppm chlorine. Furthermore, the reduction of bacterial cocktails on tomatoes by 3000 ppm NaB at pH 2.0 was not affected after adding 1% tomato puree, and bacteria were not detected in NaB washing solutions with and without 1% tomato puree and on following un-inoculated tomatoes. This study showed that acidified NaB solution may be used as an alternative post-harvest wash of produce.
Mechanistic insights into the direct propylene epoxidation using Au nanoparticles dispersed on TiO2/SiO2

Abstract Direct propylene epoxidation is an important gas-phase reaction for the future industrial production of propylene oxide (PO). However, the mechanistic understanding of this reaction system is still elusive, including the role of side reactions. Herein, kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations are applied to explore the underlying mechanistic aspects of propylene epoxidation over Au/TiO2/SiO2, and consistent results are obtained with respect to experimental benchmarks. The present study systematically probes the reaction mechanism, which involves acrolein formation on Au nanoparticles as well as the formation of PO and several byproducts at the Au/Ti dual interface sites, and it highlights the synergistic effect of interface sites in heterogeneous catalysis. The origin of the negative effect of rising reaction temperature on PO selectivity has been clarified, as it is correlated with decreasing atomic oxygen coverage on the Au surface. The varying feed concentration of H2/O2/C3H6 leads to different coverages on the catalyst surface, emphasizing the importance of an optimum H2/C3H6 inlet concentration ratio for enhancing PO selectivity and hydrogen utilization efficiency. Based on our model results, we propose that supports with acidic groups may promote hydroperoxy species transferring to the adjacent Ti sites, thereby decreasing its decomposition to atomic oxygen on the Au sites, which leads to byproduct formation.
Lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens and prepared antigens of M. avium complex in patients with HIV infection.

Published reports have demonstrated that antigens of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) can suppress the normal response to mitogens in lymphoproliferation assays. We therefore studied the lymphoproliferative (LP) function of PBMC from 55 HIV-infected patients and 16 controls in response to mitogens with and without MAC antigen. As expected, LP responses decline with progressive decline in CD4 count; MAC antigen in combination with PHA further suppresses that response in a dose-dependent manner. More relevant were the LP responses in those with CD4 counts less than 100. All patients with MAC disease had poor responses (stimulation index, SI 10) or poor responders (SI < 10). The suppressive effect of MAC on lymphocyte function may serve as a weak virulence factor which is only relevant in severely immunocompromised HIV patients.
Validity of the General Assembly Resolutions; an Inquiry

There is considerable difference in the opinions expressed as to how binding United Nations resolutions are or should be.
A Practical Guide to Senior Odyssey

This chapter describes Senior Odyssey, a program of activity engagement which offers opportunities for intellectual challenge in a social context. Core elements include ill-defined problem-solving, team-based collaboration, competition, and play. We provide the history of the Senior Odyssey, a description of program logistics, and an overview of outcomes.
Case 2: Linear Corneal Laceration from Broken Glass

A 24-year-old woman presented with a Zone I open globe injury of the left eye from a shattered glass door. During surgical repair of the open globe injury, retained small foreign bodies were identified and removed intraoperatively. The pre-operative and post-operative course was uncomplicated, resulting in excellent visual acuity. This case demonstrates the potential for excellent visual outcomes in cases of Zone I injury, as well as the importance of careful intraoperative exploration for potentially retained foreign body material.
Taxonomic Status of Rhynchosia diversifoliia var. Prostrata (Fabaceae)

Abstract: Rhynchosia diversifolia var. prostrata, sensu Grear (1978), is elevated to specific status where it is given a new name, Rhynchosia bicentrica, nom. and stat. nov., there being an earlier R. prostrata. Reasons for the elevation are provided, along with maps showing its amphitropical distribution.
Quantitative genetic analyses of postcanine morphological crown variation.

OBJECTIVES This article presents estimates of narrow-sense heritability and bivariate genetic correlation for 14 tooth crown morphological variants scored on permanent premolars, first molars, and second molars. The objective is to inform data collection and analytical practices in dental biodistance and to provide insights on the development of molar crowns as integrated structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS African American dental casts from the Menegaz-Bock collection were recorded for the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability and genetic correlation were generated using SOLAR v.8.1.1, which included assessment of age, sex, and birth year as covariates. Both continuous scale and dichotomized estimates are provided. RESULTS Heritability estimates were nonsignificant for the majority of variables; however, for variables yielding significant estimates, values were moderate to high in magnitude and comparable to previous studies. Comparing left and right-side heritability estimates suggests directional asymmetry in the expression of environmental variance, something not seen in anterior tooth traits. Genetic correlations were moderate among antimeres and metameres and low for different traits scored on the same tooth crown. Although several negative correlations were noted, few reached statistical significance. Results affirm some of the current data cleaning and analytical practices in dental biodistance, but others are called into question. These include the pooling of males and females and combining left and right-side data into a single dataset. CONCLUSIONS In comparison to anterior tooth crown traits, postcanine heritabilities were more often non-significant; however, those traits with significant heritability also tended to produce higher estimates. Genetic correlations were unremarkable, in part, because they were underpowered. However, M1 results may provide insight into the complex relationship between genes, environment, and development in determining ultimate crown form.
The Feasibility and Usability of a Ranking Tool to Elicit Patient Preferences for the Treatment of Trigger Finger.

Purpose Shared decision making is an approach where physicians and patients collaborate to make decisions based on patient values. This requires eliciting patients’ preferences for each treatment attribute before making decisions; a structured process for preference elicitation does not exist in hand surgery. We tested the feasibility and usability of a ranking tool to elicit patient preferences for the treatment of trigger finger. We hypothesized that the tool would be usable and feasible at the point of care. Methods Thirty patients with a trigger finger without prior treatment were recruited from a hand surgery clinic. A preference elicitation tool was created that presented 3 treatment options (surgical release, injection, and therapy and orthosis) and described attributes of each treatment extracted from literature review (eg, success rate, complications). We presented these attributes to patients using the tool and patients ranked the relative importance (preference) of these attributes to aid in their decision making. The System Usability Scale and tool completion time were used to evaluate usability and feasibility, respectively. Results The tool demonstrated excellent usability (System Usability Scale: 88.7). The mean completion time was 3.05 minutes. Five (16.7%) patients chose surgery, 20 (66.7%) chose an injection, and 5 (16.7%) chose therapy and orthosis. Patients ranked treatment success and cost as the most and least important attributes, respectively. Twenty-nine (96.7%) patients were very to extremely satisfied with the tool. Conclusions A preference elicitation tool for patients to rank treatment attributes by relative importance is feasible and usable at the point of care. A structured process for preference elicitation ensures that patients understand the trade-offs between choices and can assist physicians in aligning treatment decisions with patient preferences. Clinical relevance A ranking tool is a simple, structured process physicians can use to elicit preferences during shared decision making and highlight trade-offs between treatment options to inform treatment choices.