cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploration of dynamic text presentations in bilateral central vision loss.

PURPOSE Dynamic text presentation methods may improve reading ability in patients with central vision loss (CVL) by eliminating the need for accurate eye movements. We compared rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and horizontal scrolling text presentation (scrolling) on reading rate and reading acuity in CVL observers and normally-sighted controls with simulated CVL (simCVL). METHODS CVL observers' (n = 11) central scotomas and preferred retinal loci (PRL) for each eye were determined with MAIA microperimetry and fixation analysis. SimCVL controls (n = 16) used 4° inferior eccentric viewing, enforced with an Eyelink eye-tracker. Observers read aloud 4-word phrases randomly drawn from the MNREAD sentences. Six font sizes (0.50-1.30 logMAR) were tested with the better near acuity eye and both eyes of CVL observers. Three font sizes (0.50-1.00 logMAR) were tested binocularly in simCVL controls. Text presentation duration of each word for RSVP or drift speed for scrolling was varied to determine reading rate, defined as 50% of words read correctly. In a subset of CVL observers (n = 7), relationships between PRL eccentricity, reading threshold and rate were explored. RESULTS SimCVL controls demonstrated significantly faster reading rates for RSVP than scrolling text (p < 0.0001), and there was a significant main effect of font size (p < 0.0001). CVL patients demonstrated no significant differences in binocular reading rate between font sizes (p = 0.12) and text presentation (p = 0.25). Similar results were seen under monocular conditions. Reading acuity for RSVP and scrolling worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity (μ = 4.5°, p = 0.07). RSVP reading rate decreased significantly with increasing eccentricity (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous work, reading acuity worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity. RSVP and scrolling text presentations significantly affected reading rate in simCVL, but not in CVL observers, suggesting that simCVL results may not generalise to pathological CVL.
Psychopharmacoepidemiology of antidepressant medications among homeless and unstably housed service users in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system.

OBJECTIVE This study conducted a pharmacoepidemiologic examination of antidepressant prescription patterns in homeless and unstably housed (HUH) populations. METHODS Data were analyzed on over 2.6 million veterans from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the largest provider of healthcare for HUH veterans and a system that does not require healthcare insurance. RESULTS Multivariable analyses revealed that HUH veterans with depression and PTSD were less likely to receive an antidepressant Rx compared to their stably housed (SH) counterparts with these conditions (OR = 0.77, 99% CI = 0.74-0.79; and OR = 0.87, 99% CI = 0.84-0.90, respectively). Antidepressants were mostly prescribed in specialty mental health care settings, but HUH veterans were less likely to be prescribed antidepressants in primary care settings than SH veterans. In the total sample, the 40-49 age group, female sex, VA service-connected disability, outpatient mental health visits, and emergency department visits were positively associated with any antidepressant Rx. Nearly all psychiatric diagnoses were more associated with prescription of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs/SNRIs) than tricyclic antidepressants. CONCLUSION These findings highlight socioeconomic disparities in antidepressant Rx in a healthcare system that does not rely on insurance and suggest clinical challenges with antidepressant prescriptions in HUH populations.
Equilibrium Shock and Release Properties of Post Detonation Mixtures of PBX-9404 LX-14, RDX, and TNT

The statistical mechanical model, CHEQ, has been used to calculate equilibrium properties of the detonation products of PBX-9404, LX-14, RDX, and TNT. The results are compared with experiment. The theoretical-experimental comparison indicates good agreement for the HMX mixtures and RDX, except for CJ pressures. Such differences may be related to rate effects. The behavior of TNT products is qualitatively different because of the lower density range and larger carbon content. The shock data indicates some characteristics of carbon as formed in these hot mixtures. These characteristics are discussed.
Motor-cortical activity in tetraplegics.

It may eventually be feasible to reconstruct voluntary motor activity in the paralysed. Paralysed patients may benefit from the development of an implantable brain–computer interface device that can bypass damaged motor pathways1,2,3. But it is unclear whether chronically de-efferented areas will still be sufficiently excitable to respond to motor attempts4,5 if the motor cortex has been extensively reorganized6,7, and, if they are, whether this excitability is somatotopically organized8,9. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activity in subjects with spinal-cord injuries while they are executing, or attempting to execute, movements of different limbs. We show that their motor-cortical activation closely follows normal somatotopic organization in the primary and non-primary sensorimotor areas. Our results indicate that any reorganization of the motor system that does occur in these patients does not affect attempt-related activation, and that it should be possible to access voluntary control signals by using a cortical neuroprosthetic.
Modulation of CD36 scavenger receptor expression by curcumin and vitamin E affects cellular uptake of lipids and bacteria (639.1)

The CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acid translocase mediates uptake of fatty acids into various tissues. Other CD36 ligands include oxLDL, β-amyloid, Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes...
Implied-V/sub oc/ and Suns-V/sub oc/ measurements in multicrystalline solar cells

Identifying loss mechanisms and predicting device performance are key goals of device and process characterization. Photoconductance measurements allow the extraction of the Implied V/sub oc/ and Suns V/sub oc/ which together can be used for process monitoring, for loss analysis and to identify the potential device performance in the absence of unwanted defects. In this paper, we measure the Implied V/sub oc/ and Suns V/sub oc/ from solar cells with a range of different substrates and at different stages in processing. These measurements are used to analyze the correlation with the actual V/sub oc/ to determine the impact of both non-idealities such as depletion region recombination, and expected effects such as lifetime changes, both during processing and in the final devices.
Solid teratoma of the ovary in the young girl

Abstract 1. 1. The solid teratoma when found in the ovary of the young girl is extremely malignant. 2. 2. The literature is briefly reviewed and 2 cases of teratoma are reported. 3. 3. The cure of this tumor depends upon complete surgical removal. 4. 4. Our experience with the roentgen ray has not been encouraging. 5. 5. These tumors should be treated similar to other malignant tumors occurring in the ovary.
Risk factors for posttraumatic seizures in adults.

Summary: Purpose: Traumatic brain injury has long been known to be a cause of epilepsy. Most information on risk factors for developing posttraumatic seizures is from before computed tomography (CT) scanning became universal. This article looks at factors about the injury or individual that put people at especially high risk of developing posttraumatic seizures. Methods: We considered 783 cases at high risk of developing seizures, followed up for 2 years as part of seizure prophylaxis studies. Cumulative incidence of seizures in subgroups and standardized incidence ratios were used to identify factors related to unprovoked seizure risk. Results: Subgroups with significantly elevated risk include those with evacuation of a subdural hematoma; surgery for an intracerebral hematoma; Glasgow Coma Scale in the severe range of 3 to 8; early seizures, especially delayed early seizures; time to following commands of a week or more; depressed skull fracture that was not surgically elevated; dural penetration by injury; at least one nonreactive pupil; and parietal lesions on CT scan. Conclusions: Both the risk factors and the time course of the risk are important for designing seizure-prophylaxis studies and, if an effective prophylactic regimen is identified, for deciding on appropriate candidates for prophylaxis.
The Living Cosmos: Our Search for Life in the Universe

Considering the development of life on Earth, the existence of life in extreme environments and the potential for life elsewhere in the Universe, this book gives a fascinating insight into our place in the Universe. Chris Impey leads the reader through the history, from the Copernican revolution to the emergence of the field of astrobiology – the study of life in the cosmos. He examines how life on Earth began, exploring its incredible variety and the extreme environments in which it can survive. Finally, Impey turns his attention to our Solar System and the planets beyond, discussing whether there may be life elsewhere in the Universe. Written in non-technical language, this book is ideal for anyone wanting to know more about astrobiology and how it is changing our views of life and the Universe. An accompanying website available at www.cambridge.org/9780521173841 features podcasts, articles and news stories on astrobiology.
Unified constant-frequency integration control of three-phase active-power-filter with vector operation

In this paper, a unified constant-frequency integration control (UCI) scheme is proposed for a three-phase active power filter (APF). The proposed control method eliminates the need of sensing the three-phase load current, the nontrivial task of calculating the harmonics and reactive current components, as well as the use of any multipliers, as required by previously reported control methods. By applying one-cycle control and sensing the mains line current, unity power factor and low input current distortion can be realized by one integrator with reset along with a few linear and logic components such as flip-flops, comparators, and clock. All findings are supported by experimental results.
Predicting secondary organic aerosol formation from terpenoid ozonolysis with varying yields in indoor environments.

The ozonolysis of terpenoids generates secondary organic aerosol (SOA) indoors. Models of varying complexity have been used to predict indoor SOA formation, and many models use the SOA yield, which is the ratio of the mass of produced SOA and the mass of consumed reactive organic gas. For indoor simulations, the SOA yield has been assumed as a constant, even though it depends on the concentration of organic particles in the air, including any formed SOA. We developed two indoor SOA formation models for single terpenoid ozonolysis, with yields that vary with the organic particle concentra- tion. The models have their own strengths and were in agreement with published experiments for d-limonene ozonolysis. Monte Carlo analyses were performed, which simulated different residential and office environments to estimate ranges of SOA concentrations and yields for d-limonene and a-pinene ozonolysis occurring indoors. Results indicate that yields are highly variable indoors and are most influenced by background organic particles for steady-state formation and indoor ozone concentration for transient peak formation. Additionally, a review of ozonolysis yields for indoor-relevant terpenoids in the literature re- vealed much uncertainty in their values at low concentrations typical of indoors.
Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common pulmonary infections in persons with impaired cell-mediated immunity, and particularly those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Pneumocystis was first described in the lungs of guinea pigs, during experiments on American trypanosomiasis by Carlos Chagas8 in 1909 and by Antonio Carinii9 in 1910. Both considered the cysts of Pneumocystis as part of the trypanosome’s life cycle. Shortly afterward the Delanoes10 found identical forms in the lungs of rats that had not been infected with trypanosomes and recognized the organism as a separate species. The name Pneumocystis carinii, was given to this organism as a generic name (Greek:pneumon, “lung”; kystis, “cyst”), honoring Carinii.11
A collocation finite element-finite difference solution for developing isothermal flow between two parallel plates

Abstract This paper presents a finite element-finite difference method for the solution of the boundary layer equations for developing flow between two parallel plates. Due to the parabolic nature of the equations it was possible to discretize the transverse flow direction with one-dimensional Hermite cubic finite elements and the axial flow direction with a backward finite difference approximation. The collocation finite element-finite difference approximation was found to be appropriate for the modeling of the non-linear convection terms in the axial momentum equation. The resulting system of mixed linear and non-linear algebraic equations was solved using the Newton-Raphson method. Several numerical experiments were conducted to study the behavior of the solution with respect to the element size and number, order of finite difference approximation, and the marching step size.
Reliability of Clinical Assessment Measures for the Classification of Myofascial Pain Syndrome

SUMMARYPurposes: There is still controversy regarding the clinical relevance of myofascial pain syndromes [MPS] because the current approaches to diagnosis lack defined reliability and validity. The express purpose of the proposed study will be to establish reliable classification criteria for MPS in the upper torso [versus healthy normal controls, HNC] which can then be applied [for research and clinical purposes] with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity.Methods: By the consensus of recognized authorities, the design of a multicenter [N = 20 centers], controlled trial of classification [diagnostic] criteria was developed immediately following MYOPAIN '98. At each study center, twenty study subjects in each of two groups [MPS, HNC] will be identified [Delphi method] and examined [un-blinded] for the record by the center's principal investigator. Inclusion criteria will limit MPS to involvement of 10 specific muscles in the neck/shoulder [upper torso] area. Fifteen questions or maneuvers will be a...
Diagnostic utility of memory equipped transtelephonic monitors.

The diagnostic utility of memory-equipped transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitors was evaluated in a series of 31 patients referred for evaluation of unexplained syncope (16), presyncope (8), or palpitations (7). Previous nondiagnostic workups included 4 +/- 1 days (mean +/- standard error of the mean) of 24-hour Holter and/or in-hospital telemetric monitoring per patient. The duration of monitoring averaged 31 +/- 2 days per patient. Electrocardiographic recordings were made during a typical symptom episode in 9 of 31 (29%) patients, including 0 of 16 with syncope, 3 of 8 (37%) with presyncope, and 6 of 7 (86%) with palpitations (p less than .001). The probability of recording typical symptoms was strongly influenced by their previous frequency. Potentially causal arrhythmias were documented in 5 of 7 (71%) patients with palpitations, but in none of the other symptom subgroups (p less than .001). Monitoring led to changes in therapy in only two patients. During followup of 9 +/- 1 months, symptoms continued in 4 of 16 (25%) with syncope, 7 of 8 (87%) with presyncope, and 7 of 7 (100%) with palpitations (p = .001). The diagnostic utility of these devices thus appears to be low in patients with previously unexplained syncope or presyncope. The yield was high in those monitored for palpitations, which may be in part attributable to the greater frequency of symptoms observed in this group.
Induction of stage-specific cell cohesion in D. discoideum by a plasma-membrane-associated moiety reactive with wheat germ agglutinin

Abstract Dictyostelium discoideum strain JC-5 is a temperature-sensitive, cohesion-defective mutant. At the restrictive temperature, aggregates are formed and develop normally to a specific late stage, but then disperse to a lawn of noncohesive cells. The defect stems from the inability of the mutant at the restrictive temperature to accumulate or retain an adequate level of a newly arisen, plasma-membrane-associated cohesive moiety during the later stages of morphogenesis. We now report that the noncohesive mutant cells can be induced to cohere at a level of >99% by addition of a fraction reactive with wheat germ agglutinin and isolated from the plasma membranes of late-stage, cohesive mutant or wild-type cells. Furthermore, the cohesivities of latestage, cohesive mutant or wild-type cells can be significantly enhanced by the same preparations but early-stage cohesive cells remain unaffected. The cohesion-inducing activity can be recovered from two regions of a one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electropherogram following elution and renaturation. The first is associated with a single silver-staining band (apparent molecular weight 95,000). It appears de novo at a postaggregative stage, and accumulates in a thermostable fashion in the wild-type and in a thermosensitive fashion in the mutants, concurrent with the loss of cohesivity. The second is associated with a complex of silver-staining bands (apparent molecular weights 40,000–50,000). The activity of the eluate reactive with wheat germ agglutinate is destroyed within 5 min at 100°C.
Quantized oscillator chain and lattices

Abstract The problems of inhomogeneity, boundary conditions and tensor lattice activations are resolved using homotopy mapping.
Influence of maternal age and host deprivation on egg production and parasitization byMicroplitis croceipes [Hym.: Braconidae]

The effect of maternal age and hostHeliothis virescens (F.) deprivation on egg production and allocation byMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson) was determined in the laboratory on 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 days old parasitoids. In host-deprived parasitoids, newly-emerged (0.5-day old) females produced significantly fewer eggs than older ones; egg production peaked 3 to 6 days after emergence and declined thereafter. However, the number of eggs found in undeprived parasitoids at various ages suggested a cyclical pattern of egg production. The rate of parasitization by host-deprivedM. croceipes was higher in 1.0 to 6.0 days old than in newly-emerged or older females and was correlated strongly with egg production (r=0.93). The first observation on premature larval hatching inM. croceipes was documented.
Art of catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis in Practice. By C.N. Satterfield. Pp.416. (McGraw-Hill: 1980.) $36.30, £16.15.
Distribution of Brain Metastases in Relation to the Hippocampus: Implications for Neurocognitive Functional Preservation

Purpose: With the advent of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, the ability to limit the radiation dose to normal tissue offers an avenue to limit side effects. This study attempted to delineate the distribution of brain metastases with relation to the hippocampus for the purpose of exploring the viability of tomotherapy-guided hippocampal sparing therapy potentially to reduce neurocognitive deficits from radiation. Methods and Materials: The pre-radiotherapy T1-weighted, postcontrast axial MR images of 100 patients who received whole brain radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, or a radiosurgical boost following whole brain radiotherapy between 2002 and 2006 were examined. We contoured brain metastases as well as hippocampi with 5-, 10-, and 15-mm expansion envelopes. Results: Of the 272 identified metastases, 3.3% ( n = 9) were within 5 mm of the hippocampus, and 86.4% of metastases were greater than 15 mm from the hippocampus ( n = 235). The most common location for metastatic disease was the frontal lobe (31.6%, n = 86). This was followed by the cerebellum (24.3%, n = 66), parietal lobe (16.9%, n = 46), temporal lobe (12.9%, n = 35), occipital lobe (7.7%, n = 21), deep brain nuclei (4.0%, n = 11), and brainstem (2.6%, n = 7). Conclusions: Of the 100 patients, 8 had metastases within 5 mm of the hippocampus. Hence, a 5-mm margin around the hippocampus for conformal avoidance whole brain radiotherapy represents an acceptable risk, especially because these patients in the absence of any other intracranial disease could be salvaged using stereotactic radiosurgery. Moreover, we developed a hippocampal sparing tomotherapy plan as proof of principle to verify the feasibility of this therapy in the setting of brain metastases.
Transport experiments on dilute, spin-polarized Fermi fluids

A series of experiments has been carried out on very dilute3He-4He mixtures and on pure3He liquid at very high field/temperature ratios (H≤8 T, T≥4.3mK). In this regime these systems display a strong Leggett-Rice effect, weakly damped paramagnetic spin waves, and significant polarization effects on spin and momentum transport. The dilute mixture experiments used NMR to observe standing spin waves, and vibrating-wire viscometry to measure momentum transport. A very satisfactory agreement is found with the recent kinetic-equation calculations of Jeon and Mullin. The pure3He experiments may provide the first evidence for field-induced relaxation of transverse spin currents.
Ultrathin aluminum oxide films: Al-sublattice structure and the effect of substrate on ad-metal adhesion

First principles density-functional slab calculations are used to study 5 {angstrom} (two O-layer) Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films on Ru(0001) and Al(111). Using larger unit cells than in a recent study, it is found that the lowest energy stable film has an even mix of tetrahedral (t) and octahedral (o) site Al ions, and thus most closely resembles the {kappa}-phase of bulk alumina. Here, alternating zig-zag rows of t and o occur within the surface plane, resulting in a greater average lateral separation of the Al-ions than with pure t or o. A second structure with an even mix of t and o has also been found, consisting of alternating stripes. These patterns mix easily, can exist in three equivalent directions on basal substrates, and can also be displaced laterally, suggesting a mechanism for a loss of long-range order in the Al-sublattice. While the latter would cause the film to appear amorphous in diffraction experiments, local coordination and film density are little affected. On a film supported by rigid Ru(0001), overlayers of Cu, Pd, and Pt bind similarly as on bulk truncated {alpha}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001). However, when the film is supported by soft Al(111), the adhesion of Cu, Pd, and Pt metal overlayers is significantly increased: Oxide-surface Al atoms rise so only they contact the overlayer, while substrate Al metal atoms migrate into the oxide film. Thus the binding energy of metal overlayers is strongly substrate dependent, and these numbers for the above Pd-overlayer systems bracket a recent experimentally derived value for a film on NiAl(110).
Optimization of inspection schedule for a surface-breaking crack subject to fatigue loading

Abstract Inspections play an essential role in the damage tolerance approach to control fatigue damage. In this paper a method is presented to optimize the cost-effectiveness of inspection scheduling for single and multiple inspections during the expected lifetime. Detailed results are given for a surface-breaking crack of depth a in a cyclic tension field. The original crack depth is treated as a random variable with a known probability density function. The crack growth is governed by the Paris law, and the inspection technique has a known probability of detection. The component fails when the crack depth reaches a critical value a cr . As a part of the damage-tolerant approach, the component is replaced only when the depth of the detected crack is larger than a pre-defined value a r . For a pre-determined number of cycles that defines the expected lifetime the optimal number of cycles for the inspection scheduling has been obtained by minimizing a total cost function. The total cost function is the sum of the cost functions for failure, component replacement and inspection. These functions have been expressed is terms of the relevant probabilities. Analytical and numerical results are given for one, two and multiple inspections. These results show the effects of the magnitude of a r , and the probability of detection (POD) of the inspection technique on the optimum schedule of inspections.
Demoralization and the longitudinal course of PTSD following Hurricane Mitch

Background and Objectives: Numerous studies of disasters have used measures of non-specific distress as outcome measures. The utility of these measures as predictive of the long-term outcome of disasters has remained unclear, in particular the relationship with PTSD. This study examines whether demoralization is predictive and a useful concept to examine the long-term outcome of disaster related PTSD. Methods: The 1998 Hurricane Mitch that impacted Honduras was examined two-months (n = 800) and two-years following the disaster in a longitudinal community-based sample of 604 adults. Respondents were selected from a stratified sample in Tegucigalpa based on exposure and social economic status. PTSD diagnosed using the CIDI module at both periods of time. Demoralization was measured using the PERI-D at 2-months post-disaster. Results: The PERI-D, increased demoralization, was significantly associated with PTSD at two-month and two-years. In addition, increased demoralization was associated with increased risk of PTSD chronicity. Decreased demoralization was associated with PTSD remission. New onset PTSD was associated increased demoralization; however, the finding was not appreciated after controlling for potential confounders. Conclusions: Demoralization can be measured using a simple screening questionnaire that may be a useful in identifying individuals who may be at increased risk for PTSD in the short-term, as well as in the long-term following a disaster.
Oxidation behaviour and effects of oxidation on the strength of SiC-whisker reinforced alumina

The oxidation behaviour and effect of oxidation on the strength of a SiC-whisker-reinforced-alumina composite material (Al2O3-SiCw) were investigated. The oxidation mechanism of the composite material was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and compositional analysis. Changes in the fracture strength and surface morphology were also determined and related to the oxidation mechanism. Weight changes of samples exposed to flowing Ar with various levels of oxygen partial pressure, P O2 at 1400 °C were monitored continuously with a microbalance. Changes in strength were measured after exposure to flowing Ar with different P O2 at 1400 °C for various periods of time. The P O2-range employed in this experiment was from 5×10−7 to 1×10−3 MPa. In contrast to the oxidation behaviour of monolithic SiC materials, weight gains were detected for the whole P O2-range investigated. However, despite the weight gains in the low P O2-region (P O2 < 1 × 10-5 MPa), significant reductions in strength were observed which were apparently due to the loss of SiC whiskers from the sample surface via the formation of volatile SiO. This SiO gas reacted with the Al2O3 matrix to form a non-protective aluminosilicate glass on the surface, resulting in a linear weight gain with time. In the high P O2-region, typical parabolic weight gains were observed as a result of the formation of an aluminosilicate glass on the surface by a reaction between SiO2, formed by the oxidation of SiC whiskers, and the matrix alumina. The observed increases in strength of the specimens with exposure are believed to be due to blunting of existing surface flaws with a product oxide.
Concentration- and dehydration-dependent structural transitions in poly-l-lysine

Abstract The structural changes in poly- l -lysine (PLL), investigated as a function of simultaneous changes in concentration and pH, revealed a transition from right handed α-helical to left handed poly- l -proline II (PP II)-type helical structure. The PPII-type structure of PLL in solution state was not influenced by the addition of sugars (trehalose or sucrose). The structure of PLL changes from PPII-type in solution state to β-sheet in the dehydrated film state. In the presence of trehalose at PLL–trehalose mass ratio of 1:0.5, the structure of PLL changes from PPII-type in solution to a mixture of α-helix + β-sheet in the dehydrated film state. In the presence of trehalose at PLL–trehalose mass ratio of 1:1, the PPII-type structure of PLL in solution is maintained in the dehydrated film state.
Threshold Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Therapy

Objective: Conflicting recommendations have been made on whom to treat with antibacterials to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. The present analysis aims to explain the basis of such discrepancies.
Microwave assisted CLARITY for whole organ surveillance

CO RR EC TE D P RO OF transposon system for gene therapy of both MPS I and MPS VII in adult mice. Although more than 99% of transgene expression comes from the liver following hydrodynamic delivery, restoration of deficient enzyme activity in other organs can be achieved through metabolic cross-correction whereby either IDUA or GUSB enters the circulation and is distributed to other tissues. However, the efficacy of hydrodynamic delivery to treat animals larger than mice has been discouraging. We have tested the use of balloon-catheters for intravascular infusion and expression of SB transposons in the liver of dogs as a large animal model for human therapy. Ballooncatheters were introduced under fluoroscopic guidance through either the jugular vein or the femoral vein and positioned in the inferior vena cava for occlusion of venous outflow of the retrograde infusion through the left hepatic vein. Infusions were 10 s in duration and delivered a volume of DNA solution equal to three times the estimated blood volume of the left side of the liver. Using canine secreted alkaline phosphatase (cSEAP) as a reporter we have developed effective protocols for infusion of transposons into the liver of dogs as a scale-up for preclinical gene therapy studies in large animal models of human disease. We tested our protocol on MPS VIIdeficient young dogs by hydrodynamically infusing two plasmids, (1) with a T2-SB transposon containing a canine GUSB gene under transcriptional direction of a CAGS or Liver Specific Promoter (LSP) and (2) with the SB100 transposase regulated by the CMV early promoter (Figure). Duration of sustained GUSB expression in the two dogs and transient increases in the levels of specific liver enzymes will be presented.
Numerical simulations of mounding and submerging flows of shear-thinning jets impinging in a container

Abstract Continuous jets of non-Newtonian fluids impinging on a fluid surface exhibit instabilities from jet buckling and coiling at low Reynolds numbers to delayed die swell, mounding, and air entrainment at higher Reynolds numbers. Filling containers with complex fluids is an important process for many industries, where the need for high throughput requires operating at high Reynolds numbers. In this regime, air entrainment can produce a visually unappealing product, causing a major quality control issue. Just prior to the onset of air entrainment, however, there exists an ideal filling regime which we term “planar filling,” as it is characterized by a relatively flat free surface that maintains its shape over time. In this paper, we create a steady-state, 2-D axisymmetric finite element model to study the transition from planar filling to the onset of air entrainment in a container filling process with generalized-Newtonian fluids. We use this model to explore the operating window for Newtonian and shear-thinning (or, more generally, deformation-rate-thinning) fluids, demonstrating that the flow behavior is characterized by a balance between inertial, viscous, and gravitational forces, as characterized by the Reynolds and Froude numbers. A scaling analysis suggests that the relevant parameters for calculating these dimensionless numbers are located where the jet impacts the liquid surface, and simulations show that the transition from planar filling to air entrainment often occurs when Re ∼ O ( 10 ) . We found that the bottom and side surfaces of the container drastically influence this transition to entrainment, stabilizing the flow.
Germline organization of the murine T cell receptor beta-chain genes.

The complete germline organization of the beta-chain genes of the murine T cell receptor was elucidated in order to obtain the structural basis for understanding the mechanisms of somatic DNA rearrangements. Twenty of the 22 known variable (V beta) genes are clustered within 250 kilobases of DNA 59 to the constant region (C beta) genes. These V beta genes share the same transcriptional orientation as the diversity (D beta), joining (J beta), and C beta genes, which implies that chromosomal deletion is the mechanism for most V beta to D beta-J beta rearrangements. Within this V beta cluster, the distance between the most proximal V beta gene and the D beta-J beta-C beta cluster is 320 kilobases, as determined by field-inversion gel electrophoresis. The large distance between V beta and D beta, relative to that between D beta and J beta, may have significant implications for the ordered rearrangement of the T cell receptor beta-chain genes.
Comparative in vitro activity of faropenem and 11 other antimicrobial agents against 405 aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue infections from animal and human bites

Since manylaboratories do not isolate or identify these potential patho-gens, nor, if isolated, perform susceptibility testing on thesefastidious organisms, the clinician is usually required to relyon the published literature for both empirical and specificantimicrobial selection.Faropenem is a new oral penem antibiotic that is a uniquestructural hybrid of the penicillin and cephalosporin nucleiand distinct from all current β-lactam classes. Faropenem ischaracterized by potent penicillin-binding protein activity andβ-lactamase stability. It has exhibited activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and some anaerobic bacteria.
Spartina alternifloraDieback Recovery Correlates with Increased Acetylene Reduction Activity in Saltmarsh Sediments

Abstract Spartina alterniflora salt marshes occasionally exhibit areas where the plants have all died off for no apparent reason. These dieback areas remain devoid of plant growth for months to years. An analysis of microbial acetylene reduction activity (ARA) and porewater chemistry of four such diebacks has been carried out on marshes in the Cooper River estuary, South Carolina, U.S.A. Four different diebacks were studied and sediments in all of them showed low rates of ARA, relative to sediments from the control areas which were populated by healthy S. alterniflora plants. The pore water of all the dieback sediments had higher salinities than the controls when this study began, but this trend was not consistent over the 18-month study period. Furthermore, dissolved ammonium and sulfide in the pore water, microbial biomass, organic matter and macro-organic matter content did not show a consistent trend differentiating the control and dieback sediments over this study period. During the course of this study, one of the diebacks recovered and the recolonisation of the barren area with healthy plants correlated with a full recovery of sediment ARA. The return of ARA to the sediments of this recovered marsh could not be correlated, however, with any of the porewater parameters measured (including NH 4 + ), nor with any of the sediment characteristics. It is concluded that the lower levels of bacterial ARA in the diebacks may be due to the lack of essential factors associated with healthy spartina plants.
Prenatal protein malnourished rats show changes in sleep/wake behavior as adults

Prenatal protein malnutrition significantly elevates brain levels of serotonin in rats, and these levels remain elevated throughout their lives. This biogenic amine is involved in the regulation of many physiological functions, including the normal sleep/wake cycle. The present study examined the effects of prenatal protein malnutrition on the sleep/wake cycle of freely moving adult rats. Six prenatally protein malnourished (6% casein) and 10 well-nourished (25% casein) male rats (90-120-day-old) were chronically implanted with a standard set of electrodes (to record cortical electroencephalogram, neck muscle electromyogram, electrooculogram, and hippocampal theta wave) to objectively measure states of sleep and wakefulness. Six-hour polygraphic recordings were made between 10.00 and 16.00 h; a time when the rats normally sleep. Prenatally malnourished rats spent 20% more time in slow wave sleep (SWS) compared to the well-nourished rats. The total percentage of time spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was 61% less in prenatally malnourished rats compared to well-nourished control rats. These findings demonstrate the adverse consequences of prenatal protein malnutrition on the quality and quantity of adult sleep in rats. These sleep changes are potentially detrimental to normal social behavior and cognitive functions. Prenatally malnourished rats are an excellent animal model to study the role of endogenous serotonin in the regulation of the normal sleep/wake cycle.
Chromosome 13 transfer provides evidence for regulation of RBI protein expression

The human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) located on chromosome 13 has been shown to function as a growth/tumor suppressor gene in a large number of human cancers. Although constitutive expression has been observed in most cultured cells and normal tissues, overexpression of RB1 protein has not been well documented. Perhaps regulating the level of normal RB1 protein expression is one of several ways of controlling its function. To test this hypothesis, we transferred normal copies of chromosome 13 via microcell fusion into the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. Microcell hybrids were generated that contained one, two, or three extra copies of the transferred fibroblast chromosome 13. Compared to the parental cell line, the hybrids were completely unaltered with respect to several properties in vitro and in vivo, including morphology, growth rate, and tumor formation. Northern blot analysis revealed a stepwise increase in RB1 mRNA expression which increased in proportion to the number of alleles present in each cell line. Although RB1 protein exhibited correct nuclear localization and was phosphorylated in a normal cell cycle-dependent manner in the hybrids, the increased level of protein expression in each hybrid was nearly identical and did not increase beyond a threshold amount, although mRNA expression continued to increase. These results demonstrate that HT 1080 cells can tolerate an increase level of RB1 protein, but that expression beyond a certain level may be down-regulated. These transfer studies provide evidence for regulation of RB1 protein expression and may suggest an alternative form of monitoring and controlling normal RB1 functioning.
Behavioral Assessment of Methylphenidate in a Child with Frontal Lobe Damage

The assessment and management of inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behavior in a 6-year-old girl who experienced frontal lobe damage are described. A multimodel approach combining medical, educational, and behavioral techniques to assess hyperactive behavior, optimal medication level, and medication and psychotherapeutic effectiveness is described. The results of the study suggest that in similar cases, children and adolescents manifesting these behaviors should be given a trial of stimulant medication in a controlled environment to assess if such therapy is indicated. Additional support is given for the increasing need for detante and cooperation with health-care professionals.
Learning of paired associates as a function of pronunciability and percentage occurrence of stimulus or response members

In an attempt to analyze further the role of percentage occurrence of response members (% ORM) in relation to the response-learning and associative phases of paired-associate (PA) learning, the effect of rated ease of pronunciability (PR) on PA performance was investigated under three conditions. These conditions were: (a) “Standard” PA learning (100% occurrence of stimulus members—100% OSM and 100% ORM). (b) 100% OSM-50% ORM. (c) 50% OSM-100% ORM. The lists consisted of 10 digit-trigram pairs which were presented under each of the three respective conditions for 24 study and test trials to a total of 72 S s with a 2-sec study and test interval. Half the trigrams were hard to pronounce (D-PR pairs) and the other half were easy to pronounce (E-PR pairs). It was expected that either a reduction in % OSM or % ORM would be detrimental to PA performance and that % ORM would interact with PR but that PR would not interact with % OSM. The results fully confirmed these expectations.
Regulation of self-recognition by T-cell hybrids

Abstract Somatic cell hybrids were prepared between BW 5147, an AKR T lymphoma, and purified T cells from three sources: spleen cells exposed to sheep red blood cells, lymph node cells from mice sensitized to ovalbumin, and spleen cells of mice injected with azobenzenearsonate-IgG. Hybrid lines expressed constitutive markers of both parents which include H-2 antigens and the isoenzymes glucose phosphate isomerase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, they expressed both parental alleles of Thy 1, a differentiation antigen. Many of the hybrid lines formed rosettes with mouse erythrocytes. T-cell hybrids did not bind human or chicken red blood cells, though they did rosette with sheep erythrocytes to the same extent as with mouse red cells. We interpret the latter reaction as due to recognition of shared antigens by the murine T cells. This form of self-recognition is influenced by culture conditions and is expressed optimally by cells in late logarithmic phase of growth.
OPTIMAL INVENTORY POLICY FOR PERISHABLE ITEMS WITH TIME PROPORTIONAL DEMAND

This paper considers an economic order quantity model with the assumptions that (1) demand rate is deterministic and linearly changes with time, (2) shortages are allowed, (3) deterioration rate is constant, (4) planning horizon is finite and known, and (5) replenishment periods are not equal. The model is solved using a dynamic programming method. The result is applicable to the cases of both increasing and decreasing demand. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the results.
The Last Book-Burning Trial of the Twentieth Century: The Stålström Dissertation and the Challenge of Homophobic Authority

Anti-homosexual (also known as homophobic) values, attitudes, and beliefs thrive, in part, on misinformation and by restricting discussion that might challenge such views. While this was more typical of academic environments in the 1950s, partly because the study of homosexuality was largely based on clinical or correctional populations, academic environments have usually been in the forefront of empirical and social discussion of sexuality. Preventing such discussion (which maintains outdated pathological or criminal theories of homosexuality), thus becomes a significant agenda of those attempting to maintain anti-homosexual attitudes. Further, when anti-homosexual attitudes have characterized a particular professional group, prevention of any discussion that may reveal that the position of that group was without empirical foundation also serves the function of maintaining their authority as “experts” and allows restrictions on the human rights of homosexual or bisexual individuals to go unchallenged. Ra...
Gene Name Extraction Using FlyBase Resources

Machine-learning based entity extraction requires a large corpus of annotated training to achieve acceptable results. However, the cost of expert annotation of relevant data, coupled with issues of inter-annotator variability, makes it expensive and time-consuming to create the necessary corpora. We report here on a simple method for the automatic creation of large quantities of imperfect training data for a biological entity (gene or protein) extraction system. We used resources available in the FlyBase model organism database; these resources include a curated lists of genes and the articles from which the entries were drawn, together a synonym lexicon. We applied simple pattern matching to identify gene names in the associated abstracts and filtered these entities using the list of curated entries for the article. This process created a data set that could be used to train a simple Hidden Markov Model (HMM) entity tagger. The results from the HMM tagger were comparable to those reported by other groups (F-measure of 0.75). This method has the advantage of being rapidly transferable to new domains that have similar existing resources.
Solution structure of a Zap1 zinc-responsive domain provides insights into metalloregulatory transcriptional repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The Zap1 transcription factor controls expression of genes that regulate zinc homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The solution structure of two zinc fingers (zf1-2(CA3)) derived from a zinc-responsive domain of Zap1 (zf1-2) has been determined. Under zinc-limiting conditions, zinc finger 2 (zf2) from this domain has been shown to be a constitutive transcriptional activator. Moreover, repression of zf2 function in zinc-replete cells required zinc coordination to both canonical finger 1 (zf1) and zf2 metal sites, suggesting zf1-zf2 cooperativity underlies Zap1 metalloregulation. A structural basis for this cooperativity is identified here. Favorable inter-helical contacts in zf1-2(CA3) extend the individual finger hydrophobic cores through the zf1-zf2 interface. Tryptophan residues at position 5 in each finger provide numerous non-helical inter-finger contacts reminiscent of those observed in GLI1 zinc fingers 1 and 2. The molecular mechanism for zf1-dependent repression of zf2 transcriptional activation is explored further using NMR and CD titration studies. While zf1 independently forms a betabetaalpha solution structure, the majority of zf2 ensemble solution states do not adopt the canonical betabetaalpha zinc finger fold without zf1-zf2 interactions. Cooperative effects on Zn(II) affinities stemming from these finger-finger interactions are observed also in calorimetric studies, in which the 160(+/-20)nM (zf1) and 250(+/-40)nM (zf2) K(d) values for each individual finger increased substantially in the context of the zf1-2 protein (apparent K(dzf1-2WT)=4.6(+/-1.2)nM). On the basis of the above observations, we propose a mechanism for Zap1 transcriptional regulation in which zf1-zf2 interactions stabilize the betabetaalpha folded "repressed state" of the zf2 activation domain in the presence of cellular Zn(II) excess. Moreover, in contrast to earlier reports of >1 labile zinc ion/eukaryotic cell.
Shape Optimization with Buckling and Stress Constraints

Design variables control the shape of boundaries, holes, and cutouts. Internal mesh points move as the boundaries move using the static displacements of an auxiliairy model. A parametric modeling approach is used to define the complete problem, which includes fully automatic mesh generation to create the finite element mesh. A commercial finite element program was used for analysis and sensitivities