cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Workshop 22 – Allotypes. II

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a summary of the workshop focusing largely on the use of allotypes as cell markers in studies of the immune response or in other biological investigations. In the workshop, the regulation of immunoglobulin production and the presence of immunoglobulins on cell surfaces were important topics. Results of a study were discussed in which the production of donor-type immunoglobulins of several classes was followed in the serum of sublethally irradiated allotype congenic mice. The mice had received mouse spleen cells previously incubated for 2 h with rabbit anti-μ sera. Mice receiving antibody-treated cells showed a 70–90% suppression of the development of donor IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG1 as compared to levels in mice receiving untreated cells. Mice receiving cells treated with anti-IgG were not suppressed. This suggests that there are μ receptors susceptible to suppression on the precursors of IgG-producing cells but gives no evidence for such susceptible γ receptors.
Truncation Bias in Patent Data: Does It Explain Why Stock-Liquidity Seemingly Reduces Innovation?

Patent application data is subject to a truncation-bias since application information is released only after the patent is granted. To address this bias, patent application numbers are typically adjusted using historical patterns. The NBER patents database, which is widely used in extant research, was recently updated, extending the sample end-date of 2006 to 2010. The updated sample, with four more years of data, is largely free of truncation-bias over the period covered by the NBER-2006 sample, allowing us to evaluate the bias-adjustment method and its implications for existing studies. We find that adjustments perform poorly towards the end of NBER-2006 sample. Furthermore, the bias is correlated with firm attributes, such as stock-liquidity. We revisit the findings of Fang et al. (2014) and show that their result that stock-market-liquidity has a negative causal impact on innovation is not supported in the updated, relatively bias-free sample. Our findings suggest that studies using patent-application data should drop observations over 3-5 years from the end-date.
Pharmacogenomics cascade testing (PhaCT): a novel approach for preemptive pharmacogenomics testing to optimize medication therapy

The implementation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) has come a long way since the dawn of utilizing pharmacogenomic data in clinical patient care. However, the potential benefits of sharing PGx results have yet to be explored. In this paper, we explore the willingness of patients to share PGx results, as well as the inclusion of family medication history in identifying potential family members for pharmacogenomics cascade testing (PhaCT). The genetic similarities in families allow for identifying potential gene variants prior to official preemptive testing. Once a candidate patient is determined, PhaCT can be initiated. PhaCT recognizes that further cascade testing throughout a family can serve to improve precision medicine. In order to make PhaCT feasible, we propose a novel shareable HIPAA-compliant informatics platform that will enable patients to manage not only their own test results and medications but also those of their family members. The informatics platform will be an external genomics system with capabilities to integrate with patients' electronic health records. Patients will be given the tools to provide information to and work with clinicians in identifying family members for PhaCT through this platform. Offering patients the tools to share PGx results with their family members for preemptive testing could be the key to empowering patients. Clinicians can utilize PhaCT to potentially improve medication adherence, which may consequently help to distribute the burden of health management between patients, family members, providers, and payers.
Lifelong Machine Learning for Natural Language Processing

Machine learning (ML) has been successfully used as a prevalent approach to solving numerous NLP problems. However, the classic ML paradigm learns in isolation. That is, given a dataset, an ML algorithm is executed on the dataset to produce a model without using any related or prior knowledge. Although this type of isolated learning is very useful, it also has serious limitations as it does not accumulate knowledge learned in the past and use the knowledge to help future learning, which is the hallmark of human learning and human intelligence. Lifelong machine learning (LML) aims to achieve this capability. Specifically, it aims to design and develop computational learning systems and algorithms that learn as humans do, i.e., retaining the results learned in the past, abstracting knowledge from them, and using the knowledge to help future learning. In this tutorial, we will introduce the existing research of LML and to show that LML is very suitable for NLP tasks and has potential to help NLP make major progresses.
The Pimp God and the Welfare Queens: An Economy of Desire in the “Promiscuous Caribbean”

As imposed by the U.S., the colonial Christian project in Puerto Rico has created a border around the bodies of Puerto Rican women. Subjected to an oppressive economy of desire and narrative of sex...
Visual function in guinea pigs: behavior and electrophysiology

Guinea pig visual function is characterised based on behavioural and electrophysiological measures and retinal ganglion cell density is examined to further develop the guinea pig as a model of huma...
Case 11. Small plaque parapsoriasis-like mycosis fungoides

Akilov and colleagues discuss the importance of differential diagnostics in mycosis funogides.
Potential Effect of Endothelial Signaling on Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Neural Activation

Hemodynamic signals are used in many advanced brain functional imaging modalities to indirectly map the spatial and temporal distribution of neural activity. We used a combination of optical methods, including optoge-netic neurostimulation and optical coherence tomography-angiography to study some salient features of cerebral blood flow response to local stimulation of neural populations. Our study showed how endothelial cell signaling and retro-propagation of dilation in the vascular network can lead to negative cerebral blood flow response which can be misinterpreted as neural deactivation. Based on this observations, network topography should be a factor when hemodynamic signals are used to map neural activity.
Comfortable SCBA Weights from Biomechanical Models for Firefighting Tasks.

Firefighters are required to use a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for respiratory protection when engaged in a variety of firefighting duties. While the SCBA provides crucial respiratory support and protection, it is also cumbersome and heavy. Questions have arisen to address the current weight limitation listed in 42 CFR Part 84, which mandates the maximum weight of 16 kg (35.2 lbs) for an SCBA system. The objective of the overarching study is to inform a maximum comfortable SCBA weight by developing static and dynamic biomechanical models and collecting physiological burden and postural stability data to evaluate stressors for firefighting tasks. This paper presents data from the static models. Eight representative firefighting tasks (stair climb, hose carry, weighted carry, rope pull, dummy drag, hammer slam, overhaul, and hose advance) were used in the biomechanical models. Maximum comfortable SCBA weights were calculated based on three biomechanical models (abdominal extension/tension, lateral extension/tension, and abdominal rotation). This study found that the maximum comfortable weight for an SCBA was 39 lbs for the static postures of interest. Further studies with human subjects to investigate the SCBA weight limit by using physiological burden and dynamic models are underway and will provide crucial data to inform updates to the current weight limits for SCBAs allowing more features and extended durations of these devices without compromising user safety, performance, or comfort.
Making the case for biopreparedness in frontline hospitals: a Phoenix case study

Abstract Hospitals play a critical role in responding to infectious disease threats. From Ebola to Amerithrax, the ability to detect and respond to an infectious disease can ultimately determine the level of impact the event has within the community. Hospital biopreparedness has represented an underfunded and under-appreciated facet of biodefense and global health security. As it is often seen as a cost center and not a revenue generator, there is little incentive to invest in costly biopreparedness efforts for an event that might never occur. This chapter reflects on the proactive efforts of one hospital system in Phoenix, Arizona, to build such a program for high-consequence diseases. While it will reflect on the challenges of such an endeavor, it will also reveal how helpful the program became in the face of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic.
Remote continuity of learning and the COVID-19 pandemic: Educators’ self-perceptions of preparedness

In February 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic upended education systems as schools suspended in-person instruction and transitioned to remote learning to mitigate the spread of the disease within their communities. As school systems implemented remote learning, we sought to examine differences in teacher and educational leader self-perceptions of preparedness for remote continuity of learning and communicating with stakeholders, factors contributing to preparedness, and recommended needs in future educational leadership preparation. We used a survey design to complete this research by distributing the Self-perceptions of Preparedness for Remote Continuity of Learning Instrument (SPRCLI) © to a convenience sample of teachers and educational leaders enrolled in a graduate-level educational leadership program. Eighty teachers and 15 educational leaders completed the SPRCLI © survey. Analysis indicated differences in self-perceptions of preparedness to communicate with stakeholders with educational leaders demonstrating higher perceptions of communication preparedness. Contributing factors for preparedness for remote continuity of learning included colleagues, professional development, prior technology experience, and experiences with online learning. Participants recommended future educational leadership preparation include professional development and coursework on digital applications, best practices for remote learning, and development of school plans for remote continuity of learning. This study contributes to an understanding of teacher and educational leader preparedness for remote learning at the start of the COVID-19 crisis.
Preparation of corrosion-resistant and conductive trivalent Cr–C coatings on 304 stainless steel for use as bipolar plates in proton exchange membrane fuel cells by electrodeposition

Abstract In this study, Cr–C-coated bipolar plates are produced by electroplating on the SS304 plates with a machined flow channel. The resulting plates were tested using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements in simulated PEMFC environments, which show that the bipolar plate coated with Cr–C exhibited good anticorrosion performance. The corrosive current density of the Cr–C coating formed for a plating time of 10 min for 10 h exhibits a low stable value of 1.51 × 10−10 A/cm2 during the potentiostatic test in a 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm HF solution at 70 °C with an air purge, indicating that the Cr–C coating plated for 10 min is stable in a cathode environment. The interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of the bipolar plate with the Cr–C coating clearly improved, presenting an ICR of 19.52 mΩ cm2 at a pressure of 138 N/cm2. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ICR before and after the corrosion tests indicate that the bipolar plate with the Cr–C coating is electrochemically stable. In this study, the maximum power density (212.41 mW/cm2) is obtained at a cell temperature of 80 °C and a gas flow rate of 300 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) when Cr–C coated SS304 bipolar plates were used.
Indoleamines in depression and suicide.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the evidence in favor of a relationship between depression and central 5-HT dysfunctions. The findings are derived from the patients with depression as the principal diagnosis. Some data originate from the patients suffering from a somatic illness and from depression as well. Both peripheral and central data are discussed. The issue of the specificity of the observed alterations in 5-HT metabolism is also described. It is concluded as in depression, 5-HT metabolism can be disturbed. The same seems to be true for certain disturbances in aggression regulation. It is more likely that the 5-HT disturbances are causally related to the behavioral disorder, than that they are secondary to them or mere coincidences. This conclusion is based on these considerations, including (1) 5-HT precursors, in particular 5-HTP can be effective in depression, (2) 5-HTP exerts prophylactic effects in high frequency uni- and bipolar depression, (3) preliminary findings suggest 5-HT precursors, in particular tryptophan, to possess aggression decreasing potential in schizophrenic patients, (4) in animals the relationship between certain types of aggressive behavior and central 5-HT systems has been well established.
The Case for Substantialism

Substantialism is the view that form or soul is a thing. A ‘thing’ is the type of entity that makes up the reference of a sortal or count-noun expression, the kind of expression that divides its reference among discrete, countable particulars. Things are the types of entities that provide the subjects of first-order properties or typically provide the values of the variables of first-order predicate logic. A variety of substantialist interpretations is possible. But it is difficult to find representatives of each variety today, and substantialism remains decidedly a minority view. There have been, however, some recent additions to its ranks from among younger scholars (such as J. Whiting and C. Shields), which may indicate that interest in it is on the rise.
AMPA receptor activation is rapidly toxic to cortical astrocytes when desensitization is blocked

Although cultured astrocytes express functional glutamate receptors, they are generally resistant to excitotoxic cell death. We explored the role of receptor desensitization in glutamate-mediated astrocyte injury. In cultures of type 1 astrocytes from mouse neocortex, brief application of AMPA evoked small, rapidly desensitizing inward currents, whereas kainate evoked small, sustained currents. Neither agonist increased cytosolic calcium, and astrocyte toxicity occurred only after 24 hr exposure to high (500–1000 microM) concentrations of kainate but not to AMPA or glutamate. Cyclothiazide, a drug that selectively blocks AMPA receptor desensitization, greatly potentiated AMPA- or kainate-gated currents and intracellular calcium elevation. Coapplication of 10–100 microM cyclothiazide with glutamate, AMPA, or kainate produced widespread astrocyte cell death within 2 hr or application. The enhancement of toxicity by cyclothiazide, which alone was not toxic, was concentration-dependent for each of the tested agonists (EC50 30–100 microM) and was blocked by further addition of the selective AMPA/kainate antagonist 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7- sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline (NBQX). NMDA caused no injury even in the presence of cyclothiazide. Cyclothiazide-enhanced injury varied with the age of astrocyte cultures; the maximal effect occurred at approximately 2 weeks in vitro, and little death was seen after 4 weeks. Type 1 astrocytes express AMPA-type glutamate receptors that are unmasked by reducing their desensitization with cyclothiazide. Although overactivation of AMPA receptors can be rapidly lethal to astrocytes, rapid desensitization normally limits this toxicity. The extent of AMPA receptor desensitization may be an important determinant of glial vulnerability to excitotoxic insults.
All stressed out and nowhere to go: does evolvability limit adaptation in invasive species?

Introduced and invasive species are major threats native species and communities and, quite naturally, most scientists and managers think of them in terms of ecological problems. However, species introductions are also experiments in evolution, both for the alien species and for the community that they colonize. We focus here on the introduced species because these offer opportunities to study the properties that allow a species to succeed in a novel habitat and the constraints that limit range expansion. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence from diverse taxa suggests that the introduced species often undergo rapid and observable evolutionary change in their new habitat. Evolution requires genetic variation, which may be decreased or expanded during an invasion, and an evolutionary mechanism such as genetic drift or natural selection. In this volume, we seek to understand how natural selection produces adaptive evolution during invasions. Key questions include what is the role of biotic and abiotic stress in driving adaptation, and what is the source of genetic variation in introduced populations.
Tectonic interpretation of metamorphic tectonites: integrating compositional mapping, microstructural analysis and in situ monazite dating

Interpreting tectonic histories from metamorphic tectonites requires an understanding of the linkages and feedbacks between deformation and metamorphism. Relationships between deformation and metamorphism can be divided into two broad groups: active and passive. Active relationships involve direct interactions whereby deformation directly influences metamorphic reactions or metamorphism directly affects the rate or style of deformation. One of the most important ‘active’ relationships is the role that deformation plays in helping to remove unstable reactant phases and to promote the growth of stable product phases. Passive relationships are correlations or linkages that allow the deformation history to be integrated with the metamorphic history. Compositional mapping of major and accessory phases and especially maps of larger thin section domains are particularly valuable for evaluating strain partitioning, scales of equilibrium, relationships between metamorphic textures and deformational fabrics, and in particular, for interpreting geochronological data. Petrological pseudosections are an increasingly utilized tool for interpreting microtextures and for linking deformation, metamorphism, and large-scale tectonics. In situ geochronology and petrological analysis of chronometer phases (i.e. monazite, xenotime, titanite, allanite, etc.) are a critical part of tectonic analysis of metamorphic rocks. The electron microprobe plays an essential role in characterizing chronometer phases and placing them into the context of silicate fabrics and textures.
Brain Imaging: Localisation of Brain Functions

Neuroimaging provides a method to locate areas of the brain active when organisms perceive or respond to sensory events or carry out a wide variety of tasks. The methods have made it possible to examine where in the brain cognitive and emotional systems are located, thus providing new approaches to understanding normal and pathological human information processing. Positron emission tomography accomplishes this by detecting concentrations of radioactive oxygen, glucose, or neurotransmitter molecules in the brain. High-density multichannel electrical activity recorded from the scalp electroencephalogram supplements important information about the time course of these neurophysiological events. Functional magnetic resonance imaging allows to measure the blood oxygenation level in the brain during carrying out a wide variety of tasks. Recent methodological advances are moving beyond the localisation of task-related activations to functional connectivity of remote brain areas and detection of patterns of remote brain areas in a variety of states and tasks. Key Concepts: Neuroimaging provides methods to locate areas of the human brain that are active during certain tasks or behaviours. PET and functional MRI allow to map functional anatomy of the human brain noninvasively in healthy volunteers. Mapping electrical activity of the human brain can supply important additional information about the time course of these local brain activations in various tasks or behaviours. Later approaches to functional mapping of the human brain function by fMRI have focussed on the connectivity of remote brain areas. Newest approaches to the functional mapping of the human brain focus on multiple pattern recognition algorithms to try to characterise each task or behavioural act by a pattern or set of multiple remote brain areas active at the moment. Keywords: neuroimaging; human brain; cognitive functions; functional magnetic resonance imaging; positron emission tomography
Dynamically provisioned optical network enabled by pump-power control of distributed Raman amplification

Pump-power control of distributed Raman amplification enables dynamic provisioning, while offers a safety function against optical hazards. We use the difference in receiver sensitivity between control signal (10 Mbit/s-class) and data (10 Gbit/s-class) to realize dynamic provisioning.
A non-uniform pitch dual band helix antenna

The designs of dual band cellular antennas have been reported in several papers. A non-uniform pitch helix antenna for dual band applications has been presented. The dual band frequencies are obtained by adjusting the total length of the wire for the low band and the pitch angle for the high band. By varying the total length of the wire and the pitch angle, the dual frequencies can be tuned to any dual frequency desired.
Computational significance of lamination of the telencephalon

How is sensory information processed in nonmammalian vertebrates? Is the mechanism of information processing similar to that in mammalian brains? In the nonmammalian telencephalon (birds and reptiles in particular), there are neuronal populations corresponding to cell groups in the neocortex of mammals in terms of connections, single unit-responses, and functions. Some areas of these populations in sauropsids (reptiles and birds), however, are arranged in a nonlaminar, rather than laminar fashion. The major nonlaminar multinucleate area, the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR), is an intraventricular protrusion of cells within the core of the cerebral hemispheres. Comparative studies of visual representation with the DVR of birds and mammalian neocortex has emphasized the need for a reassessment of the functional roles of lamination of the mammalian neocortex. Thus, for example, complex visual and cognitive performance can be accomplished by neural circuits in the DVR of sauropsids equivalent to those of the neocortex but without laminar organization. If the same computational strategies in the DVR are employed in the mammalian forebrain, what is the functional significance of lamination in the neocortex? The role of neural circuits and laminar organization can be and should be differentiated in order to understand computational strategies in the neocortex.
Nutrient retention dynamics of the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project

The Everglades Nutrient Removal (ENR) Project was constructed to reduce nutrient concentrations in stormwater runoff water from the Everglades Agricultural Area. Although nutrient concentrations of influent water ranged from 66 to 201 μg TP L and 140 to 541 μg TN L−1 and varied substantially over time, the outlet concentrations remained low, 9 to 39 μg TP L−1 and 99 to 286 μg TN L−1, during the first three years of operation (from August 1994 through August 1997). Nutrient removal efficiency was calculated in terms of decrease in both loads and nutrient concentrations. Nutrient loading rates averaged 1.17 g TP m−2 year−1 (±0.12 SE) and 31.56 g TN m−2 year−1 (±2.92 SE) at the inflow and 0.23 g TP m−2 year (±0.02 SE) and 20.71 g TN m−2 year−1 (±1.63 SE), at the outflow. TP load removal ranged from 66% to 91% and averaged 82% for the period of record. while TN load removal ranged from 11% to 76% and averaged 55%. Rainfall contribution to the ENR Project nutrient budgets was small, averaging only 4% and 3% for TP and TN, respectively. The ENR Project performance results during the first three years suggest that additional Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs) will be effective in removing TP from stormwater runoff.
Observation of Fluorescence Excitation Spectra of tert-Pentoxy and 3-Pentoxy Radicals

Fluorescence excitation spectra of tert-pentoxy [CH3CH2C(O‚)(CH3)2] and 3-pentoxy radicals were observed for the first time. The radicals were produced by laser photolysis of the corresponding pentyl nitrites at 355 nm and studied in the wavelength range 345-400 nm. For tert-pentoxy, 12 vibronic bands were labeled in three progressions. One dominant progression corresponds to the C-O stretch mode with initial vibrational interval 551 ( 10 cm-1. Two other unknown mode progressions have vibrational intervals of 587 ( 10 and 631 ( 10 cm-1. The transition origin was tentatively assigned at 25 491 ( 10 cm-1 (392.3 ( 0.1 nm). For 3-pentoxy, 15 vibronic bands were labeled in three progressions. The vibrational intervals in each progression are of consistent anharmonic tendency. On the basis of our assignments of the C-O stretch progression, the transition origin T0, the C-O stretching vibration frequency νC-O, and the anharmonic constant oC-O are derived to be 26 437 ( 10, 578 ( 6, and -17 ( 2 cm-1, respectively. The initial vibrational intervals of two other unknown modes are 596 ( 10 and 590 ( 10 cm-1. The fluorescence lifetime of 3-pentoxy was determined to be about 150 ns. The short extent of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra of many C2C5 alkoxy radicals is tentatively explained as arising from the opening of a predissociation channel at relatively low excitation energies. Results of efforts to obtain LIF excitation spectra for 10 additional large alkoxy radicals are reported.
A new theory of voting: why vote when millions of others do

I believe to have shown that a signalling model of voter behavior is bothconsistent with neo-classical economic theory, and in agreement withmany of the important features of the political system. I cannot provethat the theory is a correct one, only that the assumptions appearreasonable, that these assumptions lead to some testable predictions, andthat many of these predictions agree with the available evidence. The argument may appear to be discomforting to some; I often findit so. For the view here is that important decisions - war, peace, civil rights- are not made on the basis of considered judgment by the citizens.Instead, citizens realize that their votes will not matter and they there-fore do not vote to affect policy. Voters view politics as a game orentertainment; it is only one of many ways to impress one's friends orassociates, and fulfills the same function for many voters that designerjeans do.
Temperature effects on gas permselection properties in hexafluoro aromatic polyimides

Abstract Temperature dependencies of gas permeabilities, solubilities, diffusivities, and selectivities for various gas pairs (He/CH 4 , CO 2 /CH 4 , O 2 /N 2 , and N 2 /CH 4 ) are reported for two hexafluoro-substituted aromatic polyimides prepared in our laboratory. The activation energies for gas permeation and diffusion, and the heats of sorption are also reported. These polyimides have exceptionally high permeabilities and permselectivities as compared to typical glassy polymers used in gas separation membrane applications. The temperature dependency of the permeabilities of all penetrants in these polyimides also is smaller than in other standard glassy polymers having more flexible backbones. The differences in activation energies between larger and smaller penetrants in these packing-disrupted rigid matrices, however, are more extreme than in standard glassy polymers, thereby causing a stronger temperature dependency of the permselectivity than for more flexible backbone glassy polymers.
The crystal and molecular structure of dibromobis(triphenylphosphine oxide)copper(II)

Abstract The structure of dibromobis(triphenylphosphine oxide) copper(II) has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compound crystallizes as orthorhombic crystals (a = 17.193(6) A, b = 10.226(4) A, and c= 19.052(4) A) of space group Pca21, with four molecules per unit cell (ϱobs = 1.55(2)g cm−3, ϱcalc = 1.55g cm−3. The structure was solved from Patterson and electron density maps and refined by least-squares methods to a conventional R value of 0.062 for 1283 independent, non-zero reflections. The coordination about copper is a slightly elongated tetrahedron with CuBr distances of 2.320(3) A and 2.302(2) A and CuO distances of 1.91(1) A and 1.96(1) A; the CuOP angels are 144.0(9)° and 154.8(7)°.
Predictability and Reflexivity

. Reflexive predictions are self-defeating or self-fulfilling. However, it was shown that in most cases of self defeating public predictions of social events conceptually at least one correct prediction exists. Unfortunately the term “reflexive prediction” is applied in the literature to quite distinct phenomena. A. Grunbaum, moreover, argued that reflexive prediction occurs also in the natural sciences using as example the fire-control system which “obeys only natural laws.” The purpose of this paper is two fold: first, it clarifies the terminological confusion. Second, it argues that every man-made tool (fire-control systems are tools) obeys natural laws and so does the person. The question of a person's higher functions, such as expectation and decision is only acknowledged. The conclusions are (1) that there is a fundamental difference between reaction to public (predictive) utterances and reaction to discriminatory behavior based on private ptediciion. (2) The reflexivity of public prediction is a phenomenon characteristic of the social sciences. at least as long as these disciplines are set apart from the natural sciences.
The Staff of Jesus in Early Christian Art

When surveying examples from Christian art of the third and fourth centuries, a viewer will invariably encounter the puzzling image of Jesus performing miracles holding a staff or wand. Theologians, art historians, and even the current pope have interpreted Christ’s miracle-working implement as a symbol denoting Jesus as a philosopher or a magician. However, the most reasonable explanation of the staff can be discovered by examining the only other two staff-bearers featured in the corpus of early Christian art: Moses and Peter. Miracles and the figures who wrought them were the primary currency of faith in late antiquity. Such an emphasis is readily apparent in early Christian texts. This article will demonstrate the emphasis on miracles in early Christian art by focusing on the peculiar iconographic feature of the staff. The staff in Christian art of the third and fourth centuries is not evocative of magic, philosophy, or any other non-Christian influence. Instead, the staff is meant to recall the miracle worker Moses and to characterize Jesus and Peter as the “New Moses” of the Christian faith.
A homologue of the bacterial heat-shock gene DnaJ that alters protein sorting in yeast

HEAT-shock proteins have been implicated in assembly of protein complexes1, correct protein folding2 and uptake of proteins into organdies3–4. In Escherichia coli, the heat-shock protein DnaJ and the HspTO homologue, DnaK, act together to disassemble a protein complex involved in bacteriophage λ replication5. We report the identification of SCJ1, a gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes a homologue of the bacterial DnaJ protein. SCJ1 was identified by a genetic screen in which increased expression of candidate genes results in missorting of a nuclear-targeted test protein. The predicted amino-acid sequence of SCJ1 is 37% identical to the entire E. coli DnaJ protein. Hybridization experiments indicate that there is a family of yeast genes related to SCJ1. These findings suggest that the HspTO DnaK-DnaJ interaction is general to eukaryotes.
An integral mean inequality for hadamard products on the polydisc

An integral mean inequlity for Hadamard products of functions holomorphic on the disk D has been recendly proved by M Pavlovic. We give a natural generalization to the polydisc Dn where 0 < p ≦ 1p ≧ q < ∞ and f ∗ g is the Hadamard product of f ∊ Hp and g ∊ Hq .
Crystal structures of DNA/RNA repair enzymes AlkB and ABH2 bound to dsDNA

Escherichia coli AlkB and its human homologues ABH2 and ABH3 repair DNA/RNA base lesions by using a direct oxidative dealkylation mechanism. ABH2 has the primary role of guarding mammalian genomes against 1-meA damage by repairing this lesion in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), whereas AlkB and ABH3 preferentially repair single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) lesions and can repair damaged bases in RNA. Here we show the first crystal structures of AlkB-dsDNA and ABH2-dsDNA complexes, stabilized by a chemical cross-linking strategy. This study reveals that AlkB uses an unprecedented base-flipping mechanism to access the damaged base: it squeezes together the two bases flanking the flipped-out one to maintain the base stack, explaining the preference of AlkB for repairing ssDNA lesions over dsDNA ones. In addition, the first crystal structure of ABH2, presented here, provides a structural basis for designing inhibitors of this human DNA repair protein.
Immunological studies with a monoclonal antibody suggest a different conformation of neurophysin in parvicellular neurons of rat hypothalamus

Abstract A monoclonal antibody (mAb L6) to a carcinoma surface antigen has previously been shown to recognize neurophysins (NP), proteins associated with oxytocin and vasopressin14. L6-reactivity in rat hypothalamus was confined to magnocellular neuronal systems. No staining was detected in parvicellular syprachiasmatic or paraventricular systems. mAb L6 immunoprecipitated vasopressin-neurophysin only under reducing conditions, and detected it in Western blots only after gel-renaturation and electroblotting in basic buffer. These findings suggest L6-reactivity to NP is conformation-sensitive, and imply NP expression in a unique configurational form in hypothalamic parvicellular systems.
Green's function applied to solution of mindlin plates

Numerical Green's functions constructed via the eigenfunction expansion method are derived to solve for non-classical (Mindlin) plate problems. The associated eigenvalue problem enables the expression of the Green's function as a series of eigenfunctions which are approximated by a series of polynomials that satisfy the homogeneous boundary conditions to which the plates are subjected. In order to construct the approximate Green's function consisting of polynomials, a computer algebra system (Mathematica) has been extensively used reducing substantially the amount of algebra involved in the calculation. The results are favorably compared with values found in the literature.
Penetrative convection in a stably stratified enclosure

Abstract The penetrative convection induced by a localized heat source at the bottom surface of a partially open enclosure with a stably, thermally stratified ambient medium is studied using a finite-difference method. The stratification that is considered here is a stable two-layered temperature variation. This flow is of interest in many thermal processes such as enclosure fires. The influence of the stratification on the flow is examined. The convective motion occurring in the unstable lower-layer is found to penetrate significantlly into the stable upper-layer only for a weak stratification. But small penetration occurs at large stratification levels. In addition, the flow field reveals a multi-cellular pattern and the penetrative motion occurs in the form of nearly horizontal motion in the lowest part of the stable upper-layer. The thermal field is studied in detail and other important details on this penetrative convective transport are brought out.
Intra-European return migration and rural development: lessons from the Spanish case

The author examines return migration from industrial Europe to a number of communities in Andalusia Spain. The study begun in 1971 covers migrants from a variety of social contexts including villages towns and cities. The reentry of migrants into the labor force and society in general is analyzed (SUMMARY IN FRE SPA) (ANNOTATION)
"Am I similar to my mother?" How women make sense of menopause using family background.

ABSTRACT Feminist social scientists and some epidemiologists suggest that women's family lives may form a backdrop for menopause. Some family contexts for menopause have been ignored by researchers, however. In this article women's discussions of family background were explored in an attempt to broaden social science and epidemiological knowledge of family contexts. Data were collected in 61 in-depth interviews with menopausal women aged 38–60 in a midwest state in 2001. Unprompted by the interviewer, 42 women (69%) discussed mothers' menopause experiences when trying to describe their own; many also discussed other female relatives' experiences. Interview conversations often focused on whether daughters' menopause experiences matched their mothers'. Women's discussions of the importance of mother-daughter ties and their attentions to genetic inheritance suggest that the actual effects of family backgrounds on menopause as well as the importance women place on family background must be explored further, a...
Baryonic Z′ connection of LEP Rb,c data with Tevatron (W, Z, γ) bb events

The mixing of a new Z′ boson with the Z significantly improves the fit to the LEP precision electroweak data, provided that the Z′ couples mainly to quarks. If MZ2 < 200 GeV, the s-channel Z2 production and (W, Z, γ) Z2 pair production cross sections at the Tevatron give an excess above QCD of bb and (W, Z, γ) bb events, respectively, with invariant mass m(bb) ≈ MZ2, which provide viable signals for detection of the Z2. The interference of the Z2 with γ, Z1 in e+e− → bb (cc) at LEP 1.5 energies is correlated with Rb (Rc) and may be observable.
Determining the Critical Nucleus and Mechanism of Fibril Elongation of the Alzheimer's Aβ1-40 Peptide

We use a coarse-grained protein model to characterize the critical nucleus, structural stability, and fibril elongation propensity of Abeta(1-40) oligomers for the C(2x) and C(2z) quaternary forms proposed by solid-state NMR. By estimating equilibrium populations of structurally stable and unstable protofibrils, we determine the shift in the dominant population from free monomer to ordered fibril at a critical nucleus of ten chains for the C(2x) and C(2z) forms. We find that a minimum assembly of 16 monomer chains is necessary to mimic a mature fibril, and show that its structural stability correlates with a plateau in the hydrophobic residue density and a decrease in the likelihood of losing hydrophobic interactions by rotating the fibril subunits. While Abeta(1-40) protofibrils show similar structural stability for both C(2x) and C(2z) quaternary structures, we find that the fibril elongation propensity is greater for the C(2z) form relative to the C(2x) form. We attribute the increased propensity for elongation of the C(2z) form as being due to a stagger in the interdigitation of the N-terminal and C-terminal beta-strands, resulting in structural asymmetry in the presented fibril ends that decreases the amount of incorrect addition to the N terminus on one end. We show that because different combinations of stagger and quaternary structure affect the structural symmetry of the fibril end, we propose that differences in quaternary structures will affect directional growth patterns and possibly different morphologies in the mature fiber.
Optimal teaching environment for laparoscopic splenectomy.

Abstract Background: Traditional surgical teaching depends on graduated acquisition of skill learned in residency. The introduction of minimal access techniques after residency training has created a new paradigm dependent on animate course experiences and limited preceptor training. The outcome of performance of a new skill “learned” in these settings has not been assessed. The purpose of this study was to test the benefit of an animate course compared with a precepted operating room experience in learning to perform a laparoscopic splenectomy. Methods: All attending surgeons who had taken a 1-day course to learn laparoscopic splenectomy (n = 37) and those who had undergone an intraoperative preceptorship (in their hospital) by the lead author (n = 15) were polled to ascertain their previous experience with laparoscopy and with laparoscopic splenectomy since the intervention. The course included lectures, operative videos, and an animal lab. Statistical differences were measured using a t test. Results: Thirty-two of the 37 (86.5%) taking the course and all 15 of the precepted surgeons responded. There was no difference between the groups regarding prior laparoscopic experience (P = 0.73), laparoscopic training during residency (P = 0.74), academic or private practice (P = 0.48), or follow-up since the intervention (P = 0.36). The participants graded the courses (1 to 5, 5 = excellent) at an average of 4.72. Fourteen of 15 precepted surgeons have performed laparoscopic splenectomy as compared with 2 of 32 taking courses (nonprecepted surgeons; P Conclusion: Surgeons precepted in their own operating room performed a laparoscopic splenectomy more readily than those gaining experience from a course only (93% versus 6%, respectively) despite no difference in their preintervention experience and having the opportunity to do so. The expectation of the eventual performance of advanced laparoscopic techniques depends on a precepted experience.
Peroxynitrite Reactions with Dimethylsulfide and Dimethylselenide: An Experimental Study

The kinetics of the peroxynitrite (ONOO- and HOONO, PN for both) reaction with (Me)2X (X = S and Se, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethylselenide (DMSe)) was studied. The reaction is first order with respect to both PN and (Me)2X concentrations. (Me)2XO and NO2- were formed with 100% yield based on PN in all cases except in the DMS reaction with HOONO, where the yield was ∼80%. DMSe is much more reactive than DMS toward both ONOO- and HOONO, while HOONO reacts much faster than ONOO- with both (Me)2X. The activation entropies (in cal deg-1 mol-1) and enthalpies (given in parentheses, in kcal/mol) for the reactions of DMS and DMSe with HOONO were determined to be −23 ± 3 (5.9 ± 0.5) and −20.5 ± 3 (4.6 ± 0.5), respectively. The corresponding values for the reaction with ONOO- were −29 ± 3 (9.7 ± 0.6) and −28 ± 3 (7.2 ± 0.5). A partial replacement of water with an organic cosolvent resulted in a decrease in the rate of reaction of ONOO- with both DMS and DMSe, while it had no effect on the rates of reaction wi...
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=199

Abstract Nuclear structure data including detailed level schemes for mass chain A = 199 have been compiled and evaluated. Level properties obtained from various reaction and decay experiments have been summarized in tabulations and in drawings. Inconsistencies and discrepancies have been noted, and adopted values for level properties are given. All nuclear structure data available to October 1977 have been included.
Temperature-dependent surface diffusion parameters on amorphous materials

Abstract Diffusion on amorphous surfaces represents a little-studied physical phenomenon that controls several important kinds of material processing. To elucidate some general features of this phenomenon, we obtain Arrhenius parameters for the surface self-diffusion of amorphous silicon by measuring the formation kinetics of hemispherical grained silicon. Comparison with literature results suggests the existence of a significant temperature dependence in the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for total mass transport. We develop a physical model to show that this behavior should characterize diffusion on amorphous surfaces in general.
Abatement of Sézary syndrome lesions following treatment with acyclovir.

Sezary syndrome is a malignant form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma in which patients characteristically present with generalized pruritic erythroderma and large numbers of circulating Sezary cells in the peripheral blood. Several previous studies have proposed that viruses may play a role in the cause of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. This report describes a 68-year-old man with Sezary syndrome who received a seven-day course of intravenous acyclovir for treatment of disseminated herpes zoster and was noted to have almost complete disappearance of generalized erythroderma and pruritus. Since acyclovir has been shown to selectively inhibit viral DNA polymerase, the observed clinical response is strong evidence that viruses play a role in the cause of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Mechanisms that could explain the observed response are discussed, and further studies on the utility of antiviral agents for treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma and on possible inhibitory effects of acyclovir on retroviruses are recommended.
Industrial Facilities Non-Process Energy

In this study, published information on non-process energy use, which includes lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, humidity control, and particulate control, for industrial buildings has been analyzed and compiled and then represented in power intensity (W/ft2). More than 30 different sources of data related to industrial building energy use (covering about 82 buildings) were identified and analyzed. Energy receives a lot of consideration in analyzing prospective savings in industrial facilities since the industrial sector consumes more than 30% of the total energy in the United States. The main objective of this study is to establish representative ranges for non-process energy use that can then be used with full process the life cycle for industrial products. The industrial manufacturing buildings were classified into six categories according to non-process energy use. The power intensity for each building category was estimated from the available data. Previous analyses of industrial energy use of...
Laser-based internal profile measurement system

An automatic laser-based system to measure the internal profiles of various structures has been developed. The system uses a point laser source through a rotating optical device fixed on to a laser measurement meter. A notebook computer with custom software is used to control the laser meter and rotating device to estimate the scanned profile shape and to determine the resulting cross-section area. The information provided by this system is essential to construction industry, including window and door builders; the glass, panel, board, and floor tile manufacturers; carpet venders; and building contractors for cost estimation and production control. As a result, the lead time for delivering the customized windowpanes, woodwork, floor tiles, and ceilings can be reduced. Applications of this system for measuring the shapes of window frames and floor plans are described and demonstrated. The measurement accuracy is evaluated and analyzed. Results have indicated that the measurement accuracy can be achieved within 4% of the measurement distance, for typical window designs and floor patterns required by major widow manufacturers. Recommendations to improve the system are also included.
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with oral manifestations: report of case

A patient seeking dental care was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and referred to a hematologic-oncologic service for confirmation and treatment. The typical oral findings and a discussion of the disease process of acute leukemia are presented.