cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Conversion of Nitrogen Trifluoride as a Gas-to-Solid Cathode in Li Batteries

Nonaqueous metal-gas batteries have emerged as a growing family of primary and rechargeable batteries with high capacities and energy densities. We herein report a high-capacity primary Li-gas battery that uses a perfluorinated gas, nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), as the cathode reactant. Gravimetric capacities of ∼1100 and 4000 mAh/gC are achieved at 25 and 55 °C, respectively (at 20 mA/gC), with discharge voltages up to 2.6 V vs Li/Li+. NF3 reduction occurs by a 3e-/NF3 process, yielding polycrystalline lithium fluoride (LiF) on a carbon cathode. The detailed electrochemical NF3 conversion mechanism is proposed and supported by solid- and liquid-phase characterization and theoretical computation, revealing the origin of observed discharge overpotentials and elucidating the significant contribution of N-F bond cleavage. These findings indicate the value of exploring fluorinated gas cathodes for primary batteries; moreover, they open new avenues for future targeted electrocatalyst design and cathode materials synthesis applications benefiting from conformal coatings of LiF.
L-Band Seawater Dielectric Measurements: Mode Coupling Analysis for the Exit-Hole Effect

This paper describes the accurate dielectric measurements of seawater by employing a resonant cavity technique at L-band. The seawater dielectric data can be used in the radiometric measurement of sea surface salinity from space. The latest measurement results indicate additional accuracy is needed to meet the salinity retrieval requirements. In regard to this, the bias in the measurement due to the cavity exit-hole effect has been investigated. The results of the exit-hole effect analysis will be addressed.
Pediatricians' Participation in Quality Improvement at the Time of Enrollment in MOC.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although national bodies have proclaimed the importance of incorporating quality improvement (QI) into the daily fabric of clinical care, the actual proportion of practicing pediatricians who participate in QI activities on an annual basis is unknown. Correspondingly little is known about pediatrician motivations for, attitudes about, and support received for QI participation. METHODS: Pediatric diplomates enrolling in the American Board of Pediatrics’ Maintenance of Certification program during calendar year 2016 were provided with the opportunity to complete a brief survey. A portion of the survey was focused on issues related to participation in QI programs. RESULTS: Survey responses were received from 8714 of the 11 890 diplomates who enrolled in Maintenance of Certification in 2016 (response rate: 73.3%). Overall, 86.6% of respondents reported participation in at least 1 QI project in the previous year. There was variation in previous-year participation in a QI project by practice affiliation categories, ranging from 79.9% for nonacademic generalists to 92.4% for academic specialists. The extrinsic requirement for QI to maintain board certification was the dominant motivator among all respondents (50.7%), followed by 2 intrinsic factors: identify gaps in practice and implement change (40.3%) and opportunity to collaborate with others (36.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Although the results are encouraging, despite almost 2 decades of national attention to the quality of health care and efforts to embed continual QI in health care delivery activities, ∼1 in 5 nonacademic pediatricians and 1 in 10 academic pediatricians did not report participating in any QI activities in the previous year.
The effects of glass stairways on stair users: An observational study of stairway safety

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the safety of a winding glass stairway by observing the behavior of stair users and to identify issues that should be studied in a laboratory setting. A checklist for coding stair use behaviors was developed. Video observations were conducted in a retail store with a glass stairway (GS) and a shopping mall with a conventional stairway (CS). Key behaviors related to safety (tread gaze, diverted gaze, handrail use) and stair incidents on the two stairways (GS and CS) were identified from the recordings and compared. On the glass stairway, more users glanced down at the treads (GS: 87% vs. CS: 59%); fewer users diverted their gaze away from the stairs (GS: 54% vs. CS: 67%); and handrail use was higher (GS: 32% vs. CS: 24%). Incident rates were much higher on the glass stairway (6.2%) compared to the conventional stairway (0.7%). Walking on winding treads made of glass may be more dangerous than walking on conventional materials due to reduced visibility of the tread edge or reduced friction between shoes and treads. Recent laboratory research suggests that stairway users may behave more cautiously using stairways with glass treads but the results from this study demonstrate that the benefit of increased caution can be negated in real world conditions.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiropiperidines as BACE‐1 Aspartyl Protease Inhibitors via Late Stage N‐Arylation of a 1,8‐Diazaspiro[4.5]dec‐3‐en‐2‐one Pharmacophore.

In contrast to other known methods to synthesize target compound (XI), this new stereoselective synthesis is based upon the late stage N-arylation of (VIII) employing the stereospecific Corey—Link reaction.
Pediatric adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea

Forty-four children who underwent adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were studied. The diagnosis was confirmed polysomnographically. Patients with other medical problems or complications of OSA were excluded. The overall complication rate was 32%. Significant airway complications occurred in 16%. Factors associated with development of statistically significant airway complications were acute airway compromise, age <3 years, thin body habitus, and both oxygen (O 2 ) desaturation and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) retention seen polysomnographically. Although many OSA patients can safely have outpatient adenotonsillectomy, perioperative monitoring of patients with these risk factors is needed.
The Timeliness of XBRL Filings: An Empirical Examination

This study examines the timeliness of XBRL data filings. To be timely, the XBRL data must be filed concurrently with the 10-K filing. Using a matched sample of non-timely (NT) and timely XBRL filer...
TandemHeart-Assisted Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty for Acute Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Thrombosis.

Abstract The patient in this report had a catastrophic case of transcatheter aortic valve replacement–related valve thrombosis manifesting within 1 month of valve implantation that was complicated by acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Anticoagulation and thrombolytic agents were not successful, and the patient was treated with TandemHeart (Cardiac Assist, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)–supported balloon aortic valvuloplasty and cerebral embolic protection. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
Characterization of Post–exertional Malaise in Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Background: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by persistent and disabling fatigue, exercise intolerance, cognitive difficulty, and musculoskeletal/joint pain. Post-exertional malaise is a worsening of these symptoms after a physical or mental exertion and is considered a central feature of the illness. Scant observations in the available literature provide qualitative assessments of post-exertional malaise in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. To enhance our understanding, a series of outpatient focus groups were convened. Methods: Nine focus groups totaling 43 patients who reported being diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome were held between November 2016 and August 2019. Focus groups queried post-exertional malaise in daily life and participants' retrospective memory of post-exertional malaise that followed an exercise provocation with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Data analysis followed the grounded theory method to systematically code and categorize the data to find meaningful patterns. A qualitative software package was used to move text into categories during data coding. Results: A wide range of symptoms were attributed to exertion both in daily lives and following cardiopulmonary exercise testing. While three core symptoms emerged (exhaustion, cognitive difficulties, and neuromuscular complaints), participants' descriptions were notable for their unique individual variations. Of 18 participants who responded to questions centered around symptoms following a cardiopulmonary exercise test, 17 reported that symptoms started within 24 h and peaked in severity within 72 h following the cardiopulmonary exercise test. Patients described post-exertional malaise as interfering with their ability to lead a "normal" life. Conclusion: The experience of post-exertional malaise in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome varies greatly between individuals and leads to a diminished quality of life. myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients describe post-exertional malaise as all-encompassing with symptoms affecting every part of the body, difficult to predict or manage, and requiring complete bedrest to fully or partially recover. Given the extensive variability in patients, further research identifying subtypes of post-exertional malaise could lead to better targeted therapeutic options.
Multi-year ocean thermal variability

Numerous indicators show that multi-annual and longer oceanic baroclinic variability retains a complicated spatial structure out to decades and longer. With time-averaging, the sub-basin scales con...
Real-time damage characterization for GFRCs using high-speed synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging

Abstract We report the application of high-speed synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) in real-time damage characterization for glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRCs) subjected to dynamic loading. Dynamic single-edge notched bending (DSENB) experiments on pre-notched S-2 GFRCs were performed on a modified Kolsky compression bar. During loading, the synchrotron X-ray beam penetrated through the composite specimen from the side to detect damage evolution inside the material. Entire dynamic events were recorded by a high-speed camera as image sequences.0° and 90° unidirectional and cross-ply composites were investigated. An optical imaging technique was also employed to capture similar dynamic events in comparison with the radiographic imaging. It is demonstrated that high-speed X-ray PCI had sufficient phase contrast to characterize a crack initiation at a 20-μm spatial resolution within 920 ns and track the crack geometry during propagation, thereby providing reliable data to quantify the dynamic damage resistance of GFRCs. Furthermore, being capable of recognizing microscopic damage-related features at a sub-10-μm resolution, high-speed X-ray PCI provided fundamental material failure mechanisms to reveal the essential of macroscale structural failure of composites. It can also track the damage evolution inside and between individual plies of laminated composites. However, current high-speed X-ray PCI technique only supports in-situ observation and the high timing and spatial resolutions are limited within a field of view of ~2.5 mm in square, preventing its application in the three-dimensional and larger-area damage detection for GFRC structures.
Codominance of two symbiont genera within the same coral host is associated with elevated symbiont productivity and lower host susceptibility to thermal stress

In recent years, as sea surface temperature increases, many coral species that used to harbor symbionts of the genus Cladocopium have become colonized with the thermally tolerant genus, Durusdinium. Here, we asked how the symbionts of one genus react to the presence of another symbiont genus within the same coral host, and what effect this interaction has on the host. We used previously published transcriptomic data from Acropora hyacinthus corals hosting Cladocopium and/or Durusdinium symbionts and looked at gene expression in all three symbiotic partners depending on the relative proportion of the two symbiont genera within the same host. We find that both Cladocopium and Durusdinium change their expression the most when their proportions within the host are nearly equal (the state that we call codominance): both genera elevate expression of photosynthesis and ribosomal genes, suggesting increase in photosynthesis and growth (i.e. higher productivity). At the same time, the coral host also elevates production of ribosomes suggesting faster cellular growth, and, when heated, shows less pronounced stress response. These results can be explained in two alternative ways. One explanation is that increased competition between codominant symbionts switches them to the higher productivity mode, which benefits the host, making it more resilient to stress. Alternatively, the elevated productivity of symbionts might be not the cause but the consequence of the host being particularly healthy. Under this explanation, rapid growth of the healthy host creates new space, lowering the competition between symbionts and thus promoting their growth, which allows for codominance to happen where one genus would otherwise outcompete another. The latter explanation is supported by the fact that codominance is associated with lower symbiont densities, assessed as relative proportions of symbiont reads in the data. Irrespective of the causation direction, the presence of mixed symbiont communities could potentially be used as an instant indicator of coral well-being, which would be a useful tool for coral conservation and restoration.
Safe and Effective Care for Children with Medical Complexity and Technology Dependence: Improving Pediatric Resident Care Coordination Documentation in Continuity Clinic

Background: Children with medical complexity and technology dependence (CMC-TD) have significant health care and care coordination needs, with increased risk for medical errors. Standardizing pediatric resident documentation for these patients may help to improve patient safety. Objective: To increase the percentage of patients with care coordination notes containing specific documentation on technology from a baseline of 8% to a target goal of 55% among CMC-TD in a pediatric resident continuity clinic. Methods: …
Transition in the spectral gap of the massless overlap Dirac operator coupled to Abelian fields in three dimensions

The low-lying spectrum of the massless overlap Dirac operator coupled to Abelian fields in three dimensions with three different measures are shown to exhibit two phases: a strong coupling gapped phase and a weak coupling gapless phase. The vanishing of the gap from the strong coupling side with a Maxwell and a conformal measure is governed by a Gaussian exponent. Contrary to this result, the vanishing of the gap from the strong coupling side with a compact Thirring measure is not consistent with a Gaussian exponent. The low-lying spectrum with a noncompact Thirring measure does not exhibit a simple nonmonotonic behavior as a function of the lattice size on the weak coupling side. Our combined analysis suggests exploring the possibility of a strongly coupled continuum theory starting from a compact lattice Thirring model where a compact U(1) gauge field with a single link action is coupled to even number of flavors of massless overlap Dirac fermions.
Intramolecular interactions play key role in stabilization of pHLIP at acidic conditions

The pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) is a membrane-active peptide that spontaneously folds into a transmembrane α-helix upon acidification. This activity enables pHLIP to potentially act as a vector for drugs related to diseases characterized by acidosis such as cancer or heart ischemia. Presently, due to aggregation-based effects, formulations of pHLIP are only viable at near-μM concentrations. In addition, since most of pHLIP's measurable qualities involve a membrane, probing the details of pHLIP in the interstitial region is difficult. In attempts to shed light on these issues, we performed constant pH molecular dynamics simulations on pHLIP as well as P20G, a variant with increased helicity, in solution at 0 and 150 mM NaCl over a broad range of pHs. In general, the addition of ions reduced the effective pKa of the acidic residues in pHLIP. P20G exhibits a higher helicity than pHLIP in general and is more compact than pHLIP at pH values under 4. In terms of charge effects, sodium cations localized predominantly to the C-terminus of the peptide with a high density of acidic residues. Additionally, the salt bridge between R11 and D14 is by far the most favored and particularly so with pHLIP at 150 mM NaCl. We expect that this approach will be a valuable tool to screen variants of pHLIP for favorable properties in solution, an aspect of pHLIP design that to this point has largely been neglected.
Housing and cardiometabolic risk among older renters and homeowners

Scholars consistently find that renters have poorer health outcomes when compared with homeowners. Health disparities between renters and homeowners likely widen over the life course, yet few studi...
Strength and flexibility of differentially diagnosed educable mentally retarded boys.

Abstract This study was conducted to determine differences on selected tasks of flexibility and strength among intellectually typical boys, and three groups of differentially diagnosed educable mentally retarded boys. The educable mentally retarded groups were classified as non-brain-damaged, brain-damaged, and undifferentiated on the basis of neurological examinations, EEG findings, and supportive life histories. The vertical jump was used as a test of dynamic strength. Strength of grip was used to measure static strength. The tests for flexibility were ankle and hip flexion and extension. Significant differences between means were found between intellectually typical boys and all groups of educable mentally retarded boys on the vertical jump, grip strength, and ankle flexibility in favor of the intellectually typical boys. The non-brain-damaged group was superior to both the brain-damaged and undifferentiated groups on the vertical jump.
Linkage of Classical (3 Dimensional) and QM geometry( 2 Dimensional) via Hopf mapping and its implications for relic GW power production

Hopf mapping from 2 dimensions (QM) to 3 dimensions (CM) are examined in terms of a formalism started by Feynman which has linkage to the (CM) equations of motion have linkage to the Serret - Frenet form (for Differential equations). We argue that in doing so we may then link QM representations of qubits to a solved version of the rotating rod problem. Furthermore since a ‘generic’ solid body rotation equivalent to the rotating rod problem has linkage to GW generation, as given by Lightman et. al. it is a way to tie qubits (Quantum information) to GW generation. We then make observations as to what the results mean in terms of QM initial states and the power of GW production from early universe conditions
An Awareness of Consequences

We live in a time marked by proliferating demands for civil rights, economic rights, human rights, and individual rights as expressed by an extremely diverse number of groups who believe themselves to be discriminated against in our society and who regard themselves in one way or another as “minorities” These groups can be quite small or very large. The physically handicapped—in particular those confined to wheelchairs—are a relatively small group that has launched an increasingly effective campaign demanding that both the public and private sector provide ramps and other amenities that will facilitate their ability to live as normally as possible. The elderly, proclaiming ”gray rights,” have successfully influenced Congress to extend the mandatory-retirement age to 70, a change in the law that will affect many millions of people.
An Investigation into Japan's Population: The Current State of Decline

Japan is facing a demographic crisis. The population is aging and shrinking at a considerable pace despite the government's efforts to curtail the problem. This rapid change in the demographic structure of Japan is bound to have stark implications on the society and economy of Japan. The objective of this paper is to understand the issues that allowed this impeding crisis to come about. A thorough examination of the current literature on Japan's fertility and population issues revealed that a number of various factors are causing the impending crisis. Some of the factors determined to be affecting the population dilemma include the prevailing social conditions, attitudes, and practices ofthe Japanese people, in addition to economic realities that constrain many people's choices. The government of Japan has, over the past fifteen years, enacted a number of policies to address the population crisis. However, these appear to have done little to mitigate the decline in fertility. It is apparent that greater attention must be given to the underlying issues that are causing the crisis. If the situation is to improve, a change in the current mindset of how to amend the population problem must occur.
Targeting Specific C-H Bonds for Oxidation

Enzymes use two main strategies--size/shape selectivity and substrate orientation--to achieve selective oxidation. Chemists have now developed a simple catalyst that mimics substrate orientation.
Equine Program Review

The Department of Animal Science seeks to provide the highest quality active learning environment that promotes life-long learning in both career and life skills for students dedicated to the equine industry while serving the equine community through extension and outreach activities. Student backgrounds range from no horse experience to very experienced. Courses accommodate the range of experiences by incorporating a variety of “hands-on” activities. Hundreds of youth and adults have been educated by extension and outreach activities.
Programmed Mutagenesis Is a Universal Model of Computation

Programmed mutagenesis is a DNA computing system that uses cycles of DNA annealing, ligation, and polymerization to implement programatic rewriting of DNA sequences. We report that programmed mutagenesis is theoretically universal by showing how Minsky's 4-symbol 7-state Universal Turing Machine [11] can be implemented using a programmed mutagenesis system. Each step of the Universal Turing Machine is implemented by four cycles of programmed mutagenesis, and progress is guaranteed by the use of alternate sense strands for each rewriting cycle. The full version of the proof will appear in the special issue of TOCS.
Trading places: how to schedule more in a multi-resource oversubscribed scheduling problem

Oversubscribed scheduling problems require removing tasks when enough resources are not available. Prior AI approaches have mostly been constructive or repair-based heuristic search. In contrast, we have found a genetic algorithm (GA) to be the best approach to the overconstrained problem of Air Force Satellite Control Network scheduling. We present empirical results that elucidate sources of difficulty in the application and partially explain why the GA is well suited to this problem. We show that the task interaction compels changes involving many tasks simultaneously and the GA appears to be learning domain specific patterns in the data.
Properties of Ridges and Cores for Two-Dimensional Images

Pizer and Eberly introduced the “core” as the analogue of the medial axis for greyscale images. For two-dimensional images, it is obtained as the “ridge” of a “medial function” defined on 2 + 1-dimensional scale space. The medial function is defined using Gaussian blurring and measures the extent to which a point is in the center of the object measured at a scale. Numerical calculations indicate the core has properties quite different from the medial axis. In this paper we give the generic properties of ridges and cores for two-dimensional images and explain the discrepancy between core and medial axis properties. We place cores in a larger “relative critical set structure”, which coherently relates disjoint pieces of core. We also give the generic transitions which occur for sequences of images varying with a parameter such as time. The genericity implies the stability of the full structure in any compact viewing area of scale space under sufficiently small L2 perturbations of the image intensity function. We indicate consequences for finding cores and also for adding “markings” to completely determine the structure of the medial function.
Bio-inspired non-cooperative multi-robot herding

This paper presents a new control strategy to control a group of dog-like robots to drive a herd of non-cooperative sheep-like agents to a goal region in the environment. The sheep-like agents, which may be biological or robotic, respond to the presence of the dog-like robots with a repelling potential field common in biological models of the behavior of herding animals. Our key insight in designing control laws for the dog-like robots is to enforce geometrical relationships that allow for the combined dynamics of the dogs and sheep to be mapped to a simple unicycle robot model. We prove convergence of a single sheep to a desired goal region using two or more dogs, and we propose a control strategy for the case of any number of sheep driven by two or more dogs. Simulations in Matlab and hardware experiments with Pololu m3pi robots demonstrate the effectiveness of our control strategy.
Cyber Operations – Bridging from Concept to Cyber Superiority

Key to success in cyber warfare is the ability to transpose innovative strategic theories to methodologies, tools, and implementation. Drawing on the analogy with the dawn of armored warfare, with reflection over the French and English military disaster of France 1940, where the Allied had the best ideas but Germans utilized the ideas, a comparison is made with the contemporary DOD pursuit of cyber superiority. The United States has world-leading creativity for cutting-edge cyber concepts and new strategies, but those who should transfer these ideas to cyber weapons, cyber tactics, and workforce training are over-emphasizing passive information assurance that is similar to positional warfare. A survey presents a misalignment between and what is researched and educated in the nation’s cyber security research centers and the DOD overarching goals and doctrine. Unless corrected, the misalignment creates a national security risk when these innovative ideas instead can be put to use by our adversaries.
Changes in the cardiac output and uterine blood flow of the pregnant Macaca mulatta.

Abstract Progressive changes in the cardiovascular system were studied in a group of rhesus monkeys at various stages of gestation. On the basis of body weight, cardiac output increased 11 per cent and oxygen consumption 13 per cent during pregnancy. From 91 to 114 days' gestation, the uterine blood flow and oxygen consumption fell 6 per cent and 13 per cent, respectively, in relation to the weight of the pregnant uterus and its contents. Thereafter both blood flow and oxygen consumption were maintained at nearly steady levels until term. In midpregnancy the uterine-placental blood flow represented 2.6 per cent of left ventricular output while near term it was 8.6 per cent. No evidence of untoward effects of high oxygen tensions was observed in this study.
Developments in x-ray tomography I - IX

Nine Developments in X-ray Tomography conferences have been held previously, and this paper summarizes data from these conference proceedings. The Developments conference provides snapshots of the x-ray tomography field which spans clinical and biological applications, engineering and industrial studies and physical sciences.
A Pilot Investigation of the Rates and Predictors of Mental Health Services Utilization Among Depressed African American Mothers and Their Children

Objective Depressed mothers, especially those who are African American, are likely to underutilize mental health services. Children of depressed mothers are an at-risk population with mental health needs that are often unmet. This prospective pilot study examined 3-month frequency rates and predictors of mental health utilization for a sample of African American depressed mothers and their children. Methods Mothers and 1 of their children completed assessment interviews. Three months later, mothers completed a telephone interview of maternal and child mental health utilization. Results Overall, 65.3% of depressed mothers and 36.7% of their children had utilized mental health services. Logistic regression analyses indicated that initial mental health treatment significantly predicted maternal mental health utilization. Maternal reports of child behavioral problems significantly predicted child mental health utilization. Conclusions The findings were consistent with other research and showed evidence of mental health use among African Americans who are in need of such services.
Diskitis: A Prospective Diagnostic Analysis

In a three-year prospective analysis of nine patients with suspected diskitis, seven were confirmed as having diskitis, one had sacroiliac septic arthritis, and one had Guillain-Barre syndrome. The mean age of the patients was 3.3 years, and four of the seven were girls. Routine lumbar spine roentgenograms were not diagnostic for three to eight weeks. Nuclear imaging procedures, however, produced abnormal scans in all nine studies. Technetium Tc 99m diphosphonate scans were abnormal within seven days of symptoms, gallium citrate Ga 67 scans within 14 days. Scans were abnormal on seven occasions when standard roentgenograms were not diagnostic. The diskitis patients had low-grade fever (seven), irritability (six), and leg or hip complaints (six). Early, rapid diagnosis is critical with this disease because some cases have been misdiagnosed as meningitis, appendicitis, or septic arthritis. Four of the seven patients had evidence of viral disease, white β-hemolytic streptococci and anaerobic diphtheroids were isolated from two disk space aspirates. Spica casts were used in six patients to encourage immobilization, antibiotics in two, and one patient received no specific therapy. All patients recovered regardless of therapy. The present study is the first known prospective study of diskitis. The data thus far collected suggest that this disease is more common than previously recognized and that with the use of radiopharmaceuticals, cases previously missed may now be accurately diagnosed as diskitis. Pediatricians are urged to consider this diagnosis in any child with fever, irritability, and vague abdominal, leg, or back complaints whose origin is not identified.
Manual of Psychiatric Nursing Skills

Sudha C. Patel and Kim A. Jakopac have produced a well-organized text of basic psychiatric skills for nursing students and a complementary resource for practicing nurses. This manual provides infor...
Three-coloring graphs with no induced seven-vertex path II : using a triangle.

In this paper, we give a polynomial time algorithm which determines if a given graph containing a triangle and no induced seven-vertex path is 3-colorable, and gives an explicit coloring if one exists. In previous work, we gave a polynomial time algorithm for three-coloring triangle-free graphs with no induced seven-vertex path. Combined, our work shows that three-coloring a graph with no induced seven-vertex path can be done in polynomial time.
Mine drainage pollution reduction by inhibition of iron bacteria

Abstract Perfusion of coal-mine tailings with iron-rich synthetic ground water is shown to significantly reduce rates of total iron and acidity release from the tailings. Observed concurrent decrease in effluent Thiohacillus ferrooxidans and Metallogenium populations suggests that the increased influent ferrous iron concentration inhibited the catalytic activity of the iron bacteria by preventing the growth of significant Metallogenium populations. A combination of increasing mine influent ferrous iron concentrations with mine sealing may significantly reduce acidity and total iron releases from working or abandoned coal mines.
Relative humidity predictor equations based on environmental factors

Abstract relative humidity frequency distributions from 43 eastern U.S. locations are examined to derive empirical predictive relationships for the upper end of the scale, as a function of local environmental conditions. Such predictions are needed in order to estimate the fraction of time that certain surfaces may be wet from condensation and thus more susceptible to atmospheric corrosion. For example, SO2 is known to deposit more readily on wet surfaces. The additional constraint of ambient temperature above freezing is imposed, since both SO2 deposition and corrosion are expected to be minimal on frozen surfaces. Factors that influence the frequency of high relative humidity (>80%) in the eastern U.S. were found to include degree of urbanization, latitude, and location near large bodies of water and near airports.
Dispersion matrix in balanced mixed ANOVA models

The inverse of the dispersion matrix plays an important role in mixed model analysis. Searle and Henderson [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 74 (1979) 465] showed that for a general balanced mixed ANOVA model, such an inverse can be expression in the same form as the dispersion matrix, i.e., a linear combination of Kronecker products. However, the coefficients of such a linear combination are given in a way that it is not easy to see what each coefficient is. In this paper, we give explicit expressions for these coefficients. An application of the result is considered.
Nitric Acid Uptake and Decomposition on Black Carbon (Soot) Surfaces: Its Implications for the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere

The uptake and decomposition of HNO3 on black carbon (soot) surfaces were investigated in order to evaluate the proposal that HNO3 decomposition on aircraft-generated soot aerosols may alter the NOx/NOy partitioning in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The experimental measurements were performed by using a fast flow-tube reactor coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Black carbon samples used as surrogate material for aircraft soot in this study included Degussa FW2 (an amorphous carbon black comprising medium oxides), graphite, hexane soot, and kerosene soot. The measurements of uptake were performed by varying P(HNO3) in the range of 5 × 10-7 to 5 × 10-4 Torr at 220 and 295 K. The results are summarized as follows. Significant HNO3 decomposition was observed on FW2 at 295 K with P(HNO3) ≥ 1 × 10-4 Torr, while it did not occur at 220 K. Similar HNO3 decomposition behavior on graphite was also observed under the condition of P(HNO3) ≥ 10-4 Torr and T = 295 K, although the extent of the de...
Electronic properties and structure of the plutonium-hydrogen system

Abstract The resistivity and magnetic susceptibility from 1–300 K have been measured on five compositions of plutonium hydride, PuHx. The resistance vs. temperature data show metallic to semiconductive behavior as x is varied from 1.93 to 2.65 in the cubic dihydride phase field. The samples order ferromagnetically between 44 and 67 K as an increasing function of x. The effective paramagnetic moments are 0.83 to 0.70 μB, and the ordered moments about half these values. X-ray photoemission measurements place the hybridized 5f-6d band 1.8 eV below the Fermi energy. The core level 4f spectra and the magnetic data are consistent with a trivalent plutonium configuration.
Observation of a two-vibron bound-to-unbound transition in solid deuterium at high pressure.

We have observed a two-vibron bound-to-unbound transition in solid D2 by Raman scattering at a pressure of 34(2) GPa. We investigated the transition by increasing the vibron bandwidth, through the application of pressure, until it dominated the intramolecular anharmonicity. We present an analysis of a simple Hamiltonian that gives the experimental bivibron binding energy and the critical bandwidth-to-anharmonicity ratio. Our results indicate that while the vibron bandwidth increases markedly with pressure, the anharmonicity remains constant.
Absolute calibration of a fluorescence collection system by Raman scattering in H2.

A new method for absolute calibration of the detection efficiency of fluorescence collection systems is described for wavelengths covering the 180–2000-nm range. The radiation source for the technique is spontaneous Raman scattering in H2. An analytic expression is derived for the scattering cross section averaged over the solid angle of the fluorescence collection system. From this result, an optical system is calibrated at 845 nm, demonstrating that the technique is easy to use, is quick to implement, and gives accurate results.
Psychiatric diagnoses in patients previously overdiagnosed with bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE In a previous article from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we reported that bipolar disorder is often overdiagnosed in psychiatric outpatients. An important question not examined in that article was what diagnoses were given to the patients who had been overdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. In the present report from the MIDAS project, we examined whether there was a particular diagnostic profile associated with bipolar disorder overdiagnosis. METHOD Eighty-two psychiatric outpatients reported having been previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder that was not confirmed when they were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Psychiatric diagnoses were compared in these 82 patients and in 528 patients who were not previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Patients were interviewed by a highly trained diagnostic rater who administered a modified version of the SCID for DSM-IV Axis I disorders and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality for DSM-IV Axis II disorders. This study was conducted from May 2001 to March 2005. RESULTS The most frequent lifetime diagnosis in the 82 patients previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder was major depressive disorder (82.9%, n = 68). The patients overdiagnosed with bipolar disorder were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder compared to patients who were not diagnosed with bipolar disorder (24.4% vs 6.1%; P < .001). A previous diagnosis of bipolar disorder was also associated with significantly higher lifetime rates of major depressive disorder (P < .01), posttraumatic stress disorder (P < .05), impulse control disorders (P < .05), and eating disorders (P < .05), although only the association with impulse control disorders remained significant after controlling for the presence of borderline personality disorder. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric outpatients overdiagnosed with bipolar disorder were characterized by more Axis I and Axis II diagnostic comorbidity in general, and borderline personality disorder in particular.
Analysis of the giant particle component of the atmosphere over an interior desert basin

An investigation of the mineral constituency of the dust component of the atmospheric aerosol over south-central New Mexico, U.S.A., was conducted from November 1964 to August 1965. The 81 atmospheric dust samples, taken near the surface during this period, were analyzed by dispersion staining microscopy to determine the concentrations of quartz, kaolinite, illite, gypsum, and the carbonate family within the “giant partiele” range. These data reveal that high gypsum concentrations are rare despite proximity to one of the world's largest exposed surface deposits of gypsum, that kaolinite and illite concentrations rise with cold frontal passage from the east if the suspected source region is not snow-covered or water-soaked, and that there exist seasonal variations in concentrations. Geometric mean particle concentrations for the 81 samples were: quartz, eight per cent; kaolinite, eight per cent; illite, five per cent; gypsum, three per cent; and carbonates, ten per cent. Comments are made relative to the possible influence of oceanic and extraterrestrial particles on the observed concentrations. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968.tb00367.x
Interaction of human DNA polymerase β with ions of copper, lead, and cadmium☆☆☆

Under appropriate conditions, divalent copper, lead, and cadmium ions significantly inhibit human DNA polymerase ..beta.. (following accepted convention, the term DNA polymerase ..beta.. refers to the low-molecular-weight, 3 to 4 S DNA polymerase of eukaryotic cells) at concentrations below 10/sup -5/ M. Each metal showed apparent linear noncompetitive inhibition kinetics with respect to the template primer and the deoxynucleoside triphosphate substrate, indicating that complex formation with these components does not account for the inhibition. Apparently, neither lead nor cadmium inhibits by displacing required zinc atoms from the polymerase. The interaction of the metals with the enzyme can be reversed or prevented by EDTA or by thiol compounds, except that inhibition by cadmium ions can be reversed by monothiols but not by dithiols. The metals probably do not inhibit through reaction with thiol groups since the inhibition is not decreased by pretreating the enzyme with N-ethylmaleimide. Although divalent zinc is moderately inhibitory in manganese activated poly(dT) synthesis on a poly(dA) template, it can fill the requirement for a divalent metal ion and, under the conditions tested, is about 60% as effective as Mn/sup 2 +/.
Keynote address: Application of non-hypoxic cell sensitizers in radiobiology and radiotherapy: rationale and future prospects

The effects of commonly used non-hypoxic cell radiosensitizers are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the effects and the mechanism of action of halogenated pyrimidines, since recent clinical trials indicated the potential importance of these compounds in the treatment of certain types of human tumors. Evidence is presented suggesting that halogenated pyrimidines sensitize cells to radiation by increasing induction of DNA and chromosome damage per cell per unit absorbed dose, as well as by increasing the susceptibility to fixation of radiation induced PLD. The former mode of action correlates with an increase in survival curve slope, whereas the latter probably causes the reduction observed in shoulder width. The effects of repair inhibitors such as the nucleoside analogs are briefly reviewed and their possible clinical importance discussed. Results are presented indicating that combined treatment with halogenated pyrimidines and nucleoside analogs may enhance the radiosensitizing effect of the former and the specificity on tumor cells of the latter. Finally, the effects of other radiation sensitizers such as 3-aminobenzamide and diamide are briefly summarized.
WEATHER, GEOGRAPHY, AND VEHICLE‐RELATED HYPERTHERMIA IN CHILDREN*

Vehicle-related hyperthermia is an unfortunate tragedy that leads to the accidental deaths of children each year. This research utilizes the most extensive dataset of child vehicle-related hyperthermia deaths in the United States, including 414 deaths between 1998 and 2008. Deaths follow a seasonal pattern, with a peak in July and no deaths in December or January. Also, deaths occurred over a wide range of temperature and radiation levels and across virtually all regions, although most of them took place across the southern United States. In particular, the Phoenix, Houston, Dallas, and Las Vegas metropolitan areas had the greatest number of deaths. We utilize our vehicle hyperthermia index (vhi) to compare expected deaths versus actual deaths in a metropolitan area, based on the number of children in the area who are under the age of five and on the frequency of hot days in the area. The vhi indicates that the Memphis, West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, and Las Vegas metropolitan areas are the most dangerous places for vehicle-related hyperthermia. We conclude by discussing several recommendations with public health policy implications.
Micellar Changes in Skimmilk Treated with Alkali or Acid

Abstract Samples of skimmilk were adjusted to various pH levels with N-KOH or N-HCl, and after 3 hr at 20C were restored to the original pH. The rennet coagulation times of milks transiently above pH 10 increased logarithmically with increasing pH. Milks transiently at acid pH's coagulated more rapidly. Since soluble calcium is an important variable influencing coagulation time, it was measured by a dialysis procedure to determine its role. Colloidal calcium content was nearly constant in the milks of the higher pH range, but gradually decreased in milks of the lower pH range. Turbidity decreased when the samples were adjusted to above pH 8.7 and below pH 5.4. In the alkali range the micelles were swollen and altered by pH change, whereas colloidal calcium phosphate was not disturbed. Accordingly, the rapid decrease of rennet coagulation time in milks transiently at lower pH was attributed to the increase of soluble calcium. The logarithmic increase in coagulation time in milks treated above pH 10 was attributed to protein changes that altered micellar interaction and H 2 S liberation.
Characterization and Mechanism of α2-Ti3Al and γ-TiAl Precipitation in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Following Tungsten Arc Welding

Post-weld heat treatments were carried out in Ti-6Al-4V (Ti-6-4) weldments after a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. The α2-Ti3Al compound formed in the fusion zone (FZ) following the annealing process, whereas the γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al compounds formed in the FZ and heat affected zone (HAZ) respectively following a solution plus aging treatment. These γ-TiAl and α2-Ti3Al that formed in the FZ and HAZ respectively are associated with a low ductility of the Ti-6-4 weldment to 2.8%. In contrast, the only presence of α2-Ti3Al in the FZ still maintains good ductility to 10.8%. Possible mechanisms for γ-TiAl and α2-Ti3Al compound formation in related regions of weldment are discussed.
Critical behavior of the double layer classical XY-model

Abstract The partition function of a double layer classical nearest neighbor XY-model is expressed in terms of three coupled Coulomb gases. Renormalization-group equations, based on this representation, are derived and used in combination with a Griffiths inequality, to discuss the phase diagram for arbitrary inter-layer coupling.
Bonding of Hydrogen and Deuterium in Silicon Nitride Films Prepared by Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

We have deposited Si-nitride thin films by remote plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition using different combinations of hydrogen and deuterium source gases. In one set of experiments, NH3 and SiH4 were injected downstream from a He plasma and the ratio of NH3 to SiH4 was adjusted so that deposited films contained IR-detectable bonded-H in SiN-H arrangements, but not in Si-H arrangements. Similar results were obtained using the same ND3 to SiD4 flow ratio; these films contained only SiN-D groups. However, films prepared from ND3 and SiH4 displayed both SiN-D and SiN-H groups in essentially equal concentrations establishing that H and D atoms bonded to N are derived from both source gases SiH (D) 4 and NH (D) 3, and further that inter-mixing of H and/or D atoms occurs at the growth surface. This reaction pathway is supported by additional studies in which films were grown from SD4 and ND3 with either i) He or ii) He/H2 mixtures being plasma excited. The films grown from the deuterated source gases without H2, displayed only SiN-D bands, whereas the films grown using the He/H2 mixture displayed both SiN-H and SiN-D bands. The total concentration of N-H and N-D bonds in the films grown from the He/H2 excitation was the same as the concentration of N-D, supporting the surface reaction model. In-situ mass spectrometry provides additional insights in the film deposition reactions.
COLD BOSE STARS

Abstract By solving the Einstein equations coupled to a noninteracting quantum Bose field we determine the mass, density, and radius of equilibrium states of cold Bose matter localized under its own gravity. In particular we find that the maximum mass of a cold Bose star is 0.633/ Gm .