cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
458 EFFECT OF 1-AMINOCYCLOBUTANE-CIS-1,3-DICARBOXYLIC ACID ON GLUTAMATE EXCITATORY JUNCTIONAL POTENTIALS AT A CRAYFISH WALKING LIMB NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION.

Purpose To determine the utility of the crayfish walking limb opener muscle (OM) as a model for studying glutamate excitotoxicity, it is necessary to confirm NMDA receptor activity and identify agonist agents that are effective in this preparation. This experiment studies the effects of 1-aminocyclobutane-cis-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (ACDA), a potent NMDA glutamate receptor agonist, on excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) of the crayfish walking limb OM. Methods A first or second walking limb from a medium-sized crayfish was dissected to reveal the OM of the walking limb dactylopodite as well as the single excitatory axon that innervates it. Standard intracellular electrophysiologic recording methods were used to examine EJPs of OM fibers. The preparation was bathed in Van Harreveld9s solution (VanH) for control data and washing. The resting membrane potential (RMP) was monitored. The preparation was then bathed in 100, 50, and 25 μM solutions of ACDA in VanH. The axon was stimulated at 30 Hz to evoke short-term facilitated EJPs. EJPs averaged over 8 seconds were recorded, at time immediately upon addition of ACDA and at 1 and 2 minutes postaddition. ACDA was then removed, the preparation was washed with at least three complete exchanges of the bath, and postwash data were collected. Results The RMP in both VanH and ACDA was unchanged during the studies. One-hundred micrometer ACDA showed depression with EJPs ranging from 0 to 70% of control amplitude (CA), with partial recovery upon wash (75-94% of CA). Fifty-micrometer ACDA showed enhancement of EJPs (116-214% of CA), with partial to full recovery upon wash (70-115% of CA). Twenty-five-micrometer ACDA showed a transient enhancement of EJPs initially (110-118% of CA) followed by depression with nearly complete recovery or enhancement upon wash (86-136% of CA). Conclusion ACDA has a concentration-dependent, biphasic effect on EJPs at the concentrations studied. Qualitatively similar results were observed with at least three different limb preparations at each concentration. ACDA enhances EJPs at relatively lower concentrations and depresses at higher concentrations. The effects confirm NMDA receptor activity at the crayfish neuromuscular junction and suggest that ACDA may be useful for future studies of NMDA glutamate receptor activity. Acknowledgment: Arnold C., Barbara M., and Georgianna Fossa Spinal Cord Injury Research Fund and the Indiana University Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Program.
Reply to Yale's Opposition to Motion to File Amicus Brief (Attaching Yale's Opposition for Good Faith Full Disclosure and Educational Purposes) Filed in Yale University v. Konowaloff

Reply of Amici to Opposition papers filed by Yale University's counsel, which diminishes interest of amici because of their residence in Kentucky and North Dakota.
The Pharmacology of Pumiliotoxin-B: I. Interaction with Calcium Sites in the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skeletal Muscle

The actions of pumiliotoxin-B (PTX-B), a novel indolizidine alkaloid from the skin of the Panamanian frog, Dendrobates pumilio, have been studied in skeletal muscle of rat, frog, and crayfish with electrophysiological and biochemical techniques. PTX-B reversibly potentiates and prolongs the direct elicited muscle twitch in rat and frog skeletal muscle up to 12-fold in a concentration- and frequency-dependent manner, the potentiation being greater at the lower frequencies of stimulation. Responses of the muscle to tetanic stimulation in the presence of PTX-B are potentiated more at 10 and 20 Hz than at 50 and 100 Hz; tetanic fusion occurs earlier, and an aftercontraction is present when tetanic stimulation occurs in the presence of PTX-B. The twitch/tetanus ratio at 100 Hz is increased in the presence of PTX-B from 0.3 to more than 1.1 as a result of the increase in twitch amplitude. These effects on frog skeletal muscle are seen in the absence of any effect of PTX-B on spontaneous and evoked transmitter release, acetylcholinesterase activity, muscle action potential, delayed rectification, and cable properties of the muscle fiber. In the absence of external calcium, PTX-B prolongs but does not potentiate the twitch, while methoxyverapamil and dantrolene only partially suppress the actions of PTX-B. In crayfish skeletal muscle, PTX-B increases the rate of rise of the "calcium-dependent" action potential and shortens its duration. Biochemical studies reveal that PTX-B inhibits calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase from sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations of both frog and rat skeletal muscles in a concentration- and calcium-dependent manner. We suggest that PTX-B potentiates and prolongs the muscle twitch by (a) facilitating the release of calcium from storage sites within the sarcoplasmic reticulum, (b) mobilizing calcium from extracellular sites, and (c) blocking the reuptake of calcium by calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase.
Post Experience Techniques to Enhance Learning in Total Enterprise Simulations

In this paper we present justification for developing improved debriefing techniques for total enterprise simulations. We also draw on learning theory to describe the appropriate steps to follow in proper debriefing.
On creating and using short forms of scales in secondary research.

of original scales. Creating and using such measures is something of a cottage indusiry for many practicing scientists. A PsyclNFO search conducted in late December 2008 using shortformand shortforms as altemate keywords returned 5,101 references, over 4,200 of which were afticles in refereed journals. Many of these references had an applied measurement or methodological focus, describing the creation and psychometric evaluation of a short form of an extant instrument. For example, Rammstedt and John (2007) recently created a 1O-item version of the 44'itenBig Five inventory (John, Donahue, & Kentle, Iggl) as a way to measure the five broad dimensions of personality (i.e., Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticistn, and Openness) in 1 minute or less. Researchers often create short forms so they can assess a larger number of constructs in a reasonably short testing session. One particular advantage is that use of shon fotms can ensLlre that measutes of many porenrially critical variables are obtained so the researcher has greater latitude in testing alternative hypotheses. Regardless of any compeiling reasons for using short forms, the most likely o,r,.o*. of using them is that the researcher will have a measure of the consrrlrct that has poorer psychometric properties than does the original long Short forms are so-named because they consist of shortened versions
SCN8A Epileptic Encephalopathy: Detection of Fetal Seizures Guides Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract Background SCN8A mutations are rare and cause a phenotypically heterogeneous early onset epilepsy known as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 13 (EIEE13, OMIM #614558). There are currently no clear genotype-phenotype correlations to help guide patient counseling and management. Patient Description We describe a patient with EIEE13 ( de novo heterozygous pathogenic mutation in SCN8A - p.Ile240Val (ATT>GTT)) who presented prenatally with maternally reported intermittent, rhythmic movements that, when observed on ultrasound, were concerning for fetal seizures. Ultrasound also revealed abnormal developmental states. With maternal administration of levetiracetam, the rhythmic fetal movements stopped. After birth, the patient developed treatment-refractory multi-focal epilepsy confirmed by electroencephalogram. Neuroimaging revealed restricted diffusion in the superior cerebellar peduncles, a finding not reported previously in EIEE13. Conclusion This is the first report of EIEE13 associated with clinical prenatal-onset seizures. Ultrasonography can be useful for identifying fetal seizures, which may be treatable in utero . Ideally, the clinical approach to fetal seizures should involve a multidisciplinary team spanning the pre- and postnatal course to expedite early diagnosis and optimize management, as illustrated by this patient.
Linear Processes and Bispectra

A linear process is generated by applying a linear filter to independent, identically distributed random variables. Only the modulus of the frequency response function can be estimated if only the linear process is observed and if the independent identically distributed random variables are Gaussian. In this case a number of distinct but related problems coalesce and the usual discussion of these problems assumes, for example, in the case of a moving average that the zeros of the polynomial given by the filter have modulus greater than one. However, if the independent identically distributed random variables are non-Gaussian, these problems become distinct and one can estimate the transfer function under appropriate conditions except for a possible linear phase shift by using higher-order spectral estimates.
Counting by Identity: A Reply to Liebesman

ABSTRACTDavid Liebesman (AJP, 2015) argues that we never count by identity. He generalizes from an argument that we don't do so with sentences indicating fractions, or with measurement sentences on their supposed count readings. In response, I argue that measurement sentences aren't covered by the thesis that we count by identity, in part because they don't have count readings. Then I use the data to which Liebesman appeals, in his argument that we don't count by identity using measurement sentences, in order to rebut his argument that we don't count by identity using sentences indicating fractions.
Manganese redox buffering limits arsenic release from contaminated sediments, Union Lake, New Jersey.

Abstract The sediments of Union Lake in Southern New Jersey are contaminated with arsenic released from the Vineland Chemical Company Superfund site 11 km upstream. Seasonal anoxia has been shown to release arsenic from sediments to similar lakes; this process was hypothesized as a major arsenic source to Union Lake. Data indicate, however, that releases of arsenic to bottom waters from the sediments or from pore waters within the sediments are relatively minor: bottom water arsenic concentrations reached ∼30 ppb (∼12 μM) at most, representing
Researches on the System of Competitive Robot over the Internet

This paper presents a new system architecture of the Competitive Robot over the Internet based on C/S, realizes a human-robots interactive game over the Internet, does some researches on its characteristics, and describes the architecture, software programming and the key technology of each parts in details. The whole system adopts the technology of Windows operation system, VC++, and Winsock network programming. The distributed simulation system of Robot Soccer over the Internet is based on HLA. The delay of network transmission has been analyzed and tested. The competitions that rely on the regulations have been finished. The results show that this system can simulate the whole process of soccer competitions of human being, and meet the demands of stability and reliability.
Impact of Multiple Chronic Conditions in Patients Hospitalized with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background The prevalence and clinical impact of chronic conditions (CCs) have increasingly been recognized as an important public health concern. We evaluated the prevalence of coexisting CCs and their association with 30-day mortality and readmission in hospitalized patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods In a retrospective study of patients aged ≥18 years hospitalized for first-ever stroke and TIA, we assessed the prevalence of coexisting CCs and their predictive value for subsequent 30-day mortality and readmission. Results Study cohort comprised 6771 patients, hospitalized for stroke (n = 4068) and TIA (n = 2703), 51.4% men, with mean age of 68.2 years (standard deviation: ±15.6), mean number of CCs of 2.9 (±1.7), 30-day mortality rate of 8.6% (entire cohort), and 30-day readmission rate of 9.7% (in 2498 patients limited to Olmsted and surrounding counties). In multivariable models, significant predictors of (1) 30-day mortality were coexisting heart failure (HF) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.92), cardiac arrhythmia (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.40-2.17), coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.29-2.08), cancer (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.31-2.14), and diabetes (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01-1.62); and (2) 30-day readmission (n = 2498) were CAD (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09-2.07), cancer (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01-2.10), and arthritis (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.09-2.40). Conclusions In patients hospitalized with stroke and TIA, CCs are highly prevalent and influence 30-day mortality and readmission. Optimal therapeutic and lifestyle interventions for CAD, HF, cardiac arrhythmia, cancer, diabetes, and arthritis may improve early clinical outcome.
Once upon a time: Crafting allegories to analyze and share the cultural complexity of strategic alignment

Allegories are fictional tales that convey meaning not explicitly set out in their narratives. In writing them, researchers move beyond the “realistic” tale to frame coherent organizational metaphors and symbols and to offer a multi-layered truth that lies “between the lines” in the often subconscious spaces of organizational life. As such, this genre offers an evocative, yet concise alternative to traditional approaches for information systems research. Drawing on a 2-year cultural study of strategic alignment of IT in two insurance organizations as illustrative context, the allegory is introduced and demonstrated in five steps to guide researchers in creating their own allegories. This illustration uses allegory to recast diverse cultural and historical data into short stories that involve magic dragons and wizards, thereby demonstrating the usefulness of the genre for comparative, multi-case designs to translate organizational features to achieve a common representation. In conclusion, the paper offers reflections on how the genre of allegory may contribute to future information systems research, to alternative styles of presentation, and to reflexive practices.
“Different than an infantry unit down in Georgia”: Narratives of queer liberation in the post-DADT military:

More than five years out from its implementation, we still know relatively little about how members of the US military and its ancillary institutions are responding to the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’...
Heterogeneity in national U.S. mortality trends within heart disease subgroups, 2000–2015

The long-term downward national U.S. trend in heart disease-related mortality slowed substantially during 2011–2014 before turning upward in 2015. Examining mortality trends in the major subgroups of heart disease may provide insight into potentially more targeted and effective prevention and treatment approaches to promote favorable trajectories. We examined national trends between 2000 and 2015 in mortality attributed to major heart disease subgroups including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and all other types of heart disease. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) data system, we determined national trends in age-standardized mortality rates attributed to ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and other heart diseases from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011, and from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015. Annual rate of changes in mortality attributed to ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and other heart diseases for 2000–2011 and 2011–2015 were compared. Death attributed to ischemic heart disease declined from 2000 to 2015, but the rate of decline slowed from 4.96% (95% confidence interval 4.77%–5.15%) for 2000–2011 to 2.66% (2.00%–3.31%) for 2011–2015. In contrast, death attributed to heart failure and all other causes of heart disease declined from 2000 to 2011 at annual rates of 1.94% (1.77%–2.11%) and 0.64% (0.44%–0.82%) respectively, but increased from 2011 to 2015 at annual rates of 3.73% (3.21% 4.26%) and 1.89% (1.33–2.46%). Differences in 2000–2011 and 2011–2015 decline rates were statistically significant for all 3 endpoints overall, by sex, and all race/ethnicity groups except Asian/Pacific Islanders (heart failure only significant) and American Indian/Alaskan Natives. While the long-term decline in death attributed to heart disease slowed between 2011 and 2014 nationally before turning upward in 2015, heterogeneity existed in the trajectories attributed to heart disease subgroups, with ischemic heart disease mortality continuing to decline while death attributed to heart failure and other heart diseases switched from a downward to upward trend. While systematic efforts to prevent and treat ischemic heart disease continue to be effective, urgent attention is needed to address the challenge of heart failure.
An Ethnomodel of a Penobscot Lodge

When considering Pike’s (Language in relation to a unified theory of the structure of human behavior. Mouton, Paris, 1967) linguistic work that introduced emic and etic through the ethnomathematics lens, new questions arise. With these new questions, emerge new perspectives. The building of a Penobscot hemispherical lodge, considered through the emic view, complimented with the etic view is the focus of this chapter. According to Albanese et al. (The evolution of ethnomathematics: two theoretical views and two approaches to education, 2016) this work overlaps what they reference as “mathematics in cultural practice” that is to say “recognizing mathematics, mathematics that is somehow similar to the academic one in cultural practices” and “different ways of knowing [because] different ways of knowing is based on the idea that there are different ways of conceptualizing quantities, relations and space” (p. 1). An ethnomodel of a Penobscot hemispherical lodge contributes to the ethnomathematics scholarship and supports the emerging research in ethnomodelling.
Reducing Child Problem Behaviors and Improving Teacher-Child Interactions and Relationships: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Best in Class.

Abstract Research has consistently linked early problem behavior with later adjustment problems, including antisocial behavior, learning problems and risk for the development of emotional/behavioral disorders (EBDs). Researchers have focused upon developing effective intervention programs for young children who arrive in preschool exhibiting chronic problem behaviors; however, Tier-2 interventions that can be delivered by teachers with fidelity in authentic settings are lacking. This study examined the effect of BEST in CLASS, a Tier-2 intervention delivered by teachers, on child problem behavior, teacher-child interactions and teacher-child relationships using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. Participants were 465 children (3–5 year olds) identified at risk for the development of EBDs and their 185 teachers from early childhood programs located in two southeastern states. Significant effects were found across both teacher reported ( ES ranging from 0.23 to 0.42) and observed child outcomes ( ES ranging form 0.44–0.46), as well as teacher-child relationships ( ES ranging from 0.26 to 0.29) and observed teacher-children interactions ( ES ranging from 0.26 to 0.45), favoring the BEST in CLASS condition. Results suggest the promise of BEST in CLASS as a Tier-2 intervention for use in authentic early childhood classroom contexts and provide implications for future research on transactional models of teacher and child behavior.
Exchange Sex Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in the New York Metropolitan Area: The Importance of Local Context, Gender and Sexual Identity.

Exchanging sex for money or drugs is known to increase risk for HIV among persons who inject drugs (PWID). To better understand determinants of exchange sex among PWID we examined factors associated with exchange sex in the New York metropolitan area—defined as New York City (NYC), NY; Newark, NJ; and Long Island, NY—using data from the 2012 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system cycle on injection drug use. Of the 1160 PWID in this analysis, 24% reported exchange sex, with differences in gender and sexual identity by location. In multivariable analysis gay/bisexual men, heterosexual women, and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) women were more likely to exchange sex compared to heterosexual men. Exchange sex was also associated with race/ethnicity, homelessness, incarceration, location, and non-injection crack and cocaine use. We find that heterosexual women and LGB women who injected drugs residing in Newark were more likely to report exchange sex compared to NYC. This study highlights how local conditions impact exchange sex.
Short Telomere Syndromes in Clinical Practice: Bridging Bench and Bedside.

Abstract Short telomere syndromes (STSs) are accelerated aging syndromes often caused by inheritable gene mutations resulting in decreased telomere lengths. Consequently, organ systems with increased cell turnover, such as the skin, bone marrow, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract, are commonly affected. Owing to diverse clinical presentations, STSs pose a diagnostic challenge, with bone marrow failure and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis being frequent manifestations, occurring in association with gene mutations involving DKC1 (for expansion of gene symbols, use search tool at www.genenames.org), TERT, TERC, and others. Inherited STSs demonstrate genetic anticipation, occurring at an earlier age with more severe manifestations in the affected progeny. Telomere lengths can be assessed in peripheral blood granulocytes and lymphocytes using a sensitive technique called flow cytometry–fluorescence in situ hybridization, and mutational analysis can be performed using next-generation sequencing assays. In approximately 40% of patients with shortened telomere lengths, gene mutations cannot be identified due to the fact that all STS-associated genes have not yet been defined or due to alternative mechanisms of telomere shortening. Danazol, an anabolic steroid, has been associated with hematologic responses in patients with STSs and associated bone marrow failure; however, its reported ability to increase telomerase activity and reduce telomere attrition needs further elucidation. Organ transplant is reserved for patients with end-organ failure and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Herein, we summarize the clinical and laboratory characteristics of STSs and offer a stepwise approach to diagnose and manage complications in affected patients.
From Exploration to Instruction: Children Learn From Exploration and Tailor Their Demonstrations to Observers’ Goals and Competence

This study investigated whether children learn from exploration and act as effective informants by providing informative demonstrations tailored to observers' goals and competence. Children (4.0-6.9 years, N = 98) explored a causally ambiguous toy to discover its causal structure and then demonstrated the toy to a naive observer. Children provided more costly and informative evidence when the observer wanted to learn about the toy than observe its effects (Experiment 1) and when the observer was ordinary than exceptionally intelligent (Experiment 2). Relative to the evidence they generated during exploration, children produced fewer, less costly actions when the observer wanted or needed less evidence. Children understand the difference between acting-to-learn and acting-to-inform; after learning from exploration, they consider others' goals and competence to provide "uninstructed instruction". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Power- Thermal Aware Balanced Task-Resource Co-Allocation in Heterogeneous Many CPU-GPU Cores NoC in Dark Silicon Era

To provide balanced mapping for multiple applications in many-core heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems on network-on-chip (NoC) in dark silicon era, power-thermal aware task-resource co-allocation with reconfigurable NoC framework is proposed in this work. Task allocation and resource configuration problem is initially formulated using linear programming (LP) optimization model to search for an optimal solution. Distributed resource management in heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems with a fast balanced mapping heuristic is proposed to minimize power and thermal hotspots and improve performance at run-time while meeting the computation, communication, power and thermal budgets constraints of manycore NoC in dark silicon. We have also implemented a state-of-the-art minimum-path contiguous mapping for comparisons. Simulations under real-world benchmarks and platforms show that the proposed dynamic load-balanced mapping strategy improves NoC latency and throughput by 50-100% (while providing near-optimal solution) compared to minimum-path.
A pilot study of brexpiprazole for bipolar depression.

Abstract Background Past studies suggest that brexpiprazole is an effective adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder and schizophrenia; however, no studies have examined brexpiprazole for bipolar depression. In this study, we examined the effects of brexpiprazole on mood, cognition, and quality of life in outpatients with bipolar depression. Methods Twenty-one adults with bipolar disorder (most recent episode depressed) and scoring at least a 25 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were recruited. Brexpiprazole was titrated up to 4 mg/day over the 8-week period. Depressive symptoms were measured using MADRS and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-report (IDS-SR30). Manic symptoms were measured using Young Mania Rating Scale, quality of life with the Quality of Life in Bipolar Disorder (QOLBD), and cognition with Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop Color Word Test, and Trail Making Test. Results MADRS and IDS-SR30 scores decreased from baseline at weeks 4 and 8. YMRS and cognitive scores did not change significantly. QOLBD scores increased from baseline to week 8. Limitations A limitation to this study is the open-label design. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of brexpiprazole on bipolar depression. We found a significant reduction in depressive symptoms and an increase in quality of life.
Services Computing and Regtech

As financial technologies (Fintech) pioneers seek to disintermediate the world's traditional banking sector's intermediary role, new regulatory technologies (Regtech) will be required to guarantee markets can be trusted, contract laws are adhered to and compliance can be verified through transparent processes. Services computing researchers will play an important role in advancing Regtech, but they must add to their repertoire additional knowledge of financial principles, an understanding of common Fintech pathologies that may be exploited by bad actors, and new thinking in regard to protecting customer data across multiple legal jurisdictions and the related compliance of boundary crossing banking-related algorithms. This paper uses supply chain finance as a use case to demonstrate details of this needed new repertoire. Ten areas of goal and constraint resetting relevant to Regtech software development and traditional services computing approaches are discussed. At stake is the need for services computing scholars to engage in developing some of the most critical software services of our age - those that can help to maintain and advance our market-based societies.
A novel cancer immunotherapy utilizing autologous tumour tissue

Background: With the recent interest in personalized medicine for cancer patients and immune therapy, the field of cancer vaccines has been resurrected. Previous autologous, whole cell tumour vaccine trials have not produced convincing results due, in part to poor patient selection and inactivation methos that are harsh on the cells. These methods can alter protein structure and antigenic profiles making vaccine candidates ineffective in stimulating immune response to autochthonous tumour cells. Materials and methods: We investigated a novel method for inactivating tumour cells that uses UVA/UVB light and riboflavin (vitamin B2) (RF + UV). RF + UV inactivates the tumour cells’ ability to replicate, yet preserves tumour cell integrity and antigenicity. Results: Our results demonstrate that proteins are preserved on the surface of RF + UV‐inactivated tumour cells and that they are immunogenic via induction of dendritic cell maturation, increase in IFNγ production and generation of tumour cell‐specific IgG. Moreover, when formulated with an adjuvant (‘Innocell vaccine’) and tested in different murine tumour primary and metastatic disease models, decreased tumour growth, decreased metastatic disease and prolonged survival were observed. In addition, immune cells obtained from tumour tissue following vaccination had decreased exhausted and regulatory T cells, suggesting that activation of intra‐tumoural T cells may be playing a role leading to reduced tumour growth. Conclusions: These data suggest that the RF + UV inactivation of tumour cells may provide an efficacious method for generating autologous whole tumour cell vaccines for use in cancer patients.
Determining the Electronic Structure of Paramagnetic Intermediates in membrane proteins: A high-resolution 2D 1H hyperfine sublevel correlation study of the redox-active tyrosines of photosystem II.

Abstract The photosynthetic reaction center, photosystem II (PSII), catalyzes one of the most energetically demanding reactions in nature by using light energy to drive water oxidation. The four-electron water oxidation reaction occurs at the tetranuclear manganese‑calcium-oxo (Mn4Ca-oxo) cluster that is present in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of PSII. The water oxidation reaction is facilitated by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) at the redox-active tyrosine residue, YZ, in the OEC which is one of the two symmetric tyrosine residues, YZ and YD, in PSII. Although YZ and YD are chemically identical, their redox properties and reaction kinetics are very different. In the present study, we apply high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) 1H hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy to determine the electronic structure of YZ and YD to understand better the functional tuning of PCET at each tyrosine. Most importantly, the 2D HYSCORE measurements that are described here are applicable for the study of paramagnetic cofactors in a wide variety of membrane-bound proteins.
Compelled Disclosure and the Workplace Rights It Enables

Disclosure requirements imposed on providers of goods and services are a longstanding approach to regulation. Disclosure provides information to consumers of goods and services at the point when the information is most likely to enable informed choice. Some mandatory disclosure laws require speech from one person not (or not only) because of the consumer’s interest in receiving it, but because of the public interest in preventing misleading or illegal behavior by the speaker, or the hearer or a third party, or to help a consumer or worker know their legal rights. The disclosure requirements of minimum labor standards laws, such as the federal Family and Medical Leave Act, ERISA, WARN, and other laws enable workers to know their rights. But in 2018, the Supreme Court threw the constitutionality of disclosure laws into doubt in National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra, which struck down a disclosure law on the grounds that it was a speaker-based, content discriminatory regulation of speech. Ironically, the day after the Court struck down the disclosure rule in NIFLA, it issued a ruling in Janus v. AFSCME Council 31 that depends on the very form of compulsory disclosure that NIFLA struck down. The system that the Court created in Janus and the cases that preceded it dpends on unions being required to inform their members and all employees they represent that they have a right to leave the union, terminate dues or fee payments, and to receive union representation for free. Not only is it impossible to square the reasoning of NIFLA with the legal regime of Janus, NIFLA suggests that requiring unions to inform workers of their right to free ride is compelled speech that violates the union's First Amendment rights. When the Court chose the right not to disclose on one day and the right to receive information on the next, it revealed that treating disclosure rules as compelled speech inevitably means courts will be picking sides in fights involving free speech or other rights claims on both sides. For that reason, as this article argues, courts should be more circumspect in treating compelled notice forms of regulation as violating the First Amendment.
Periodic leg movements in sleep in elderly patients with Parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s disease

Background: Periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) are non-epileptiform, repetitive movements of the lower limbs that have been associated with apparent dopamine deficiency. We hypothesized that elderly patients with a disease characterized primarily by dopamine depletion (Parkinsonism) would have higher rates of PLMS than age-matched controls or a different neurodegenerative condition not primarily involving a hypodopaminergic state, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: We compared rates of PLMS derived from in-laboratory overnight polysomnography in patients with Parkinsonism (n = 79), AD (n = 28), and non-neurologically impaired, community-based controls (n = 187). Results: Patients with Parkinsonism not receiving levodopa had significantly higher rates of PLMS than did patients with Parkinsonism receiving levodopa as well as higher rates than seen in AD and controls. Other medications did not appear to exert the pronounced effect of levodopa on PLMS in this Parkinsonian patient population. The symptom of leg kicking was reported more frequently in Parkinsonism and was associated with higher rates of PLMS. Caregiver reported leg kicking was unrelated to PLMS in AD. Conclusions: Results are broadly compatible with a dopaminergic hypothesis for PLMS in Parkinsonism. The clinical significance of the negative findings in patients with AD requires further investigation.
Spiritual Assessment: A Patient-Centered Approach to Oncology Social Work Practice

Spirituality is central to many people's lives, yet social workers often defer discussing the topic with patients. Their avoidance can be linked to the lack of training on how to speak with patients about spiritual matters (Lemmer, 2010) With further education, clinical social workers are empowered to assess this significant aspect of the patient's cancer experience as they progress along the illness continuum. The social worker's comfort and familiarity with spiritual assessment, spiritual language, and various forms of religious and/or spiritual practices will improve their clinical work with patients who have chronic cancer by providing insight to guide appropriate social work interventions designed to enhance spiritual well-being.
Effect of Isoleucine, Valine, or Leucine Starvation on the Potential for Formation of the Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthetic Enzymes

The derepression of the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzymes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium was examined under conditions of restriction of isoleucine, valine, or leucine (the three amino acids needed for multivalent repression of these enzymes). A procedure was used that allowed the measurement of enzyme-forming potential that accumulated during the starvation period, but could not be expressed unless the missing amino acid was supplied. The threonine deaminase (the product of the ilvA gene)-forming potential that accumulated under such conditions was found to be unstable and decayed with a half-life of about 2.5 min (at 37 C). Evidence was obtained that indicates the threonine deaminase-forming potential that accumulates under conditions of isoleucine starvation is in the form of initiated (rifampin-resistant), but uncompleted (actinomycin D-sensitive), messenger ribonucleic acid chains. Furthermore, it appears that a large portion of the threonine deaminase- and dehydrase (the product of the ilvD gene)-forming potential, under such conditions, is in the form of initiated polypeptide chains. Based on these results and results obtained with SuA− strains, a model is presented that explains how the second gene (D) in the ilvADE operon can be partially transcribed and translated under conditions in which there are no completed messenger ribonucleic acids for the gene (A) transcribed before it.
"Filling in" versus finding out: A ubiquitous confusion in cognitive science.

One of the things you learn if you read books and articles in (or about) cognitive science is that the brain does a lot of "filling in"--not filling in, but "filling in"--in scare quotes. My claim today will be that this way of talking is not a safe bit of shorthand, or an innocent bit of temporizing, but a source of deep confusion and error. The phenomena described in terms of "filling in" are real, surprising, and theoretically important, but it is a mistake to conceive of them as instances of something being filled in, for that vivid phrase always suggests too much--sometimes a little too much, but often a lot too much. Here are some examples (my boldface throughout).
Inhibition of adenovirus DNA replication by vesicular stomatitis virus leader RNA.

Abstract Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) leader RNA and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide of the same sequence were found to inhibit the replication of adenovirus DNA in vitro. In contrast, the small RNA transcribed by the VSV defective interfering particle DI-011 did not prevent adenovirus DNA replication. The inhibition produced by leader RNA was at the level of preterminal protein (pTP)-dCMP complex formation, the initiation step of adenovirus DNA replication. Initiation requires the adenovirus pTP-adenovirus DNA polymerase complex (pTP-Adpol), the adenovirus DNA-binding protein, and nuclear factor I. Specific replication in the presence of leader RNA was restored when the concentration of adenovirus-infected or uninfected nuclear extract was increased or by the addition of purified pTP-Adpol or HeLa cell DNA polymerase alpha-primase to inhibited replication reactions. Furthermore, the activities of both purified DNA polymerases could be inhibited by the leader sequence. These results suggest that VSV leader RNA is the viral agent responsible for inhibition of adenovirus and possibly cellular DNA replication during VSV infection.
Increasing orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment efficiency with a modified surgery-first approach

This case report describes the treatment of a 33-year-old white man who had a skeletal Class III and dental Class II subdivision malocclusion caused by a retrognathic maxilla, with severe maxillary crowding, a highly placed maxillary left canine, mild mandibular crowding, and a bilateral posterior crossbite. Treatment was performed with a modified surgery-first approach, which included a short presurgical alignment phase for the correction of the significant maxillary crowding while controlling the incisal angulation, followed by LeFort I maxillary advancement surgery. The short presurgical orthodontic phase aimed at eliminating the anterior dental interferences before the maxillary advancement, and the use of the inherent increased bone turnover in the postsurgical phase helped to reduce the total orthodontic treatment time to 12 months. Pleasing esthetic results and a good functional occlusion were achieved.
Simulation-based automated intelligent tutoring

Simulation-based training has traditionally relied on live simulations for the specification of training scenarios. However, both the logistics and cost of live simulation constrain how often that form of training can be accessible. As the healthcare community begins to invest significantly in simulation-based training, it is running against the limitation of requiring expensive hands-on instructor-led facilitation to make it effective. New technological advances applied to simulation-based training provide automated coaching and feedback which reduce the need for instructor facilitation, thus making simulation-based training cost-effective and feasible. The design and development of SimCore (Simulate, Coach, Review), a simulation based framework that adds intelligent performance assessment and coaching facilities to training simulations, is discussed. Through the use of SimCore, simulation developers are able to convert their simulations into automated, intelligent tutors. SimCore is a unique application that includes a scenario authoring tool tailored to the medical domain that can be used to rapidly customize existing scenarios or to create new ones.
Effect of Dexamethasone Treatment on Maturational Changes in the NMDA Receptor in Sheep Brain

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of antenatal or postnatal treatment with corticosteroids on the NMDA receptor, one of the mediators of both normal brain development and hypoxic-ischemic injury, by determining the characteristics of the receptor MK-801 binding site in untreated and corticosteroid-treated fetal and newborn lambs. (3)H-MK-801 binding was performed in cerebral cortical cell membranes from fetal sheep at 88, 120, and 136 d gestation (term = 150 d), and from 5-d-old lambs and adult ewes. Animals were randomized to receive dexamethasone [fetuses: 6 mg, i.m. every 12 hr for four doses to mother; lambs: 0.01 mg/kg (low dose) or 0.25 mg/kg (high dose) every 12 hr for four doses] or placebo. During development, B(max) (apparent number of receptors) increased, reaching a maximum in 5-d-old lambs (p < 0.05) and decreasing in the adult brain. K(d) (dissociation constant) did not change, suggesting that receptor affinity was not altered during maturation. Dexamethasone treatment had no effect on MK-801 binding in the fetus or adult, but in lambs was associated with a significant decrease in B(max) from 2.17 +/- 0.18 pmol/mg protein in placebo-treated animals to 1.65 +/- 0.8 and 1.62 +/- 0.07 pmol/mg protein in low-dose and high-dose animals, respectively. Affinity for (3)H-MK-801 decreased 20% after dexamethasone treatment in lambs only (p < 0.05). Thus, dexamethasone treatment appears to modify the NMDA receptor only during a specific period of brain development.
Dietary energy density is associated with energy intake and weight status in US adults

BACKGROUND: Laboratory-based investigations indicate that the consumption of foods with a low energy density (kcal/g) decreases energy intake. Although low-energy-dense diets are recommended for weight management, relations between energy density, energy intake, and weight status have not been clearly shown in free-living persons. OBJECTIVES: A representative US sample was used to determine whether dietary energy density is associated with energy intake, the weight of food consumed, and body weight and to explore the influence of food choices (fruit, vegetable, and fat consumption) on energy density and body weight. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of adults (n = 7356) from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and two 24-h dietary recalls were used. RESULTS: Men and women with a low-energy-dense diet had lower energy intakes ([almost equal to]425 and 275 kcal/d less, respectively) than did those with a high-energy-dense diet, even though they consumed more food ([almost equal to]400 and 300 g/d more, respectively). Normal-weight persons had diets with a lower energy density than did obese persons. Persons with a high fruit and vegetable intake had the lowest energy density values and the lowest obesity prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Adults consuming a low-energy-dense diet are likely to consume more food (by weight) but to have a lower energy intake than do those consuming a higher-energy-dense diet. The energy density of a variety of dietary patterns, including higher-fat diets, can be lowered by adding fruit and vegetables. Our findings support the hypothesis that a relation exists between the consumption of an energy-dense diet and obesity and provide evidence of the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption for weight management.
Comparative chemistry of elaiosomes of three species ofTrillium.

This study was designed to compare the chemistry of elaiosomes of three sympatric species ofTrillium to discover if there are correlations between chemistry and dispersal rates by ants. We quantified the amount of proteins and neutral lipids and qualitatively analyzed the fatty acids occurring in triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride, and free fatty acid fractions.T. grandiflorum had the highest lipid concentration per milligram of protein and the highest total lipid per elaiosome, followed byT. erectum and then byT. undulatum. Oleic acid (18∶1) was abundant in all lipid fractions of each species. This fatty acid, which is responsible for corpse-carrying behavior in some ants, probably causes ants to pick up diaspores. Linoleic acid (18∶2) is relatively abundant inT. erectum andT. grandiflorum but not inT. undulatum and may cause ants that have picked up diaspores to move (carry) those diaspores back to the nest. Total elaiosome mass and fatty acid composition appear to explain whyT. erectum is dispersed most rapidly and why ants that have picked up elaiosomes move moreT. grandiflorum thanT. undulatum diaspores.
Public Sphere and Communicative Rationality: Interrogating Habermas's Eurocentrism

Habermas's critical theory of society and modernity, which he developed by reconstructing the concepts of public sphere/civil society and rationality, suffers from some of the same weaknesses attri...
Atmel AVR Microcontroller Primer: Programming and Interfacing, Second Edition

This textbook provides practicing scientists and engineers a primer on the Atmel AVR microcontroller. In this second edition we highlight the popular ATmega164 microcontroller and other pin-for-pin controllers in the family with a complement of flash memory up to 128 kbytes. The second edition also adds a chapter on embedded system design fundamentals and provides extended examples on two different autonomous robots. Our approach is to provide the fundamental skills to quickly get up and operating with this internationally popular microcontroller. We cover the main subsystems aboard the ATmega164, providing a short theory section followed by a description of the related microcontroller subsystem with accompanying hardware and software to exercise the subsystem. In all examples, we use the C programming language. We include a detailed chapter describing how to interface the microcontroller to a wide variety of input and output devices and conclude with several system level examples. Table of Contents: Atmel AVR Architecture Overview / Serial Communication Subsystem / Analog-to-Digital Conversion / Interrupt Subsystem / Timing Subsystem / Atmel AVR Operating Parameters and Interfacing / Embedded Systems Design
A file structure for semantic databases

Abstract This paper presents a highly-efficient file structure for the storage of semantic databases. A low-level access language is presented, such that an arbitrary query can be performed as one or several elementary queries of the language. Most elementary queries, including such non-trivial queries as range queries and others, can be performed in just one single access to the disk.