cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model for the tectonic evolution of the Mississippi embayment and its contemporary seismicity

Aeromagnetic and gravity surveys of the northern Mississippi embayment have delineated a northeast-trending basement depression about 70 km wide and more than 300 km long. The feature, the Mississippi Valley graben, is remarkably linear over its known length, has nearly parallel sides, and has estimated depths relative to surrounding basement of more than 2 km. Both gravity and magnetic anomalies show an alignment of dense magnetic plutons along the boundaries of the graben. Estimated magnetization directions for the plutons indicate a Mesozoic age. The graben, of probable earliest Paleozoic age, underlies the northwest side of the embayment and contains the area of major seismicity. In particular, much of the instrumentally located contemporary seismicity and the estimated locations of the large-magnitude 1811–1812 earthquakes are in the central part of the graben. We interpret the early Paleozoic graben, the Mesozoic plutonism, and the sedimentation cycles as evidence of stretching events. Seismicity is attributed to strain in and below the central graben area, which would appear to be a focal point of deformation in the stretching model. We suggest that the sequence of events can be explained by the action of a rotating horizontal stress field on a crustal flaw that persisted well back in Pre-cambrian time. The postulated rotating stress field is presumably controlled by the system that drives the global plates.
Treatment of cervical dystonia

Introduction: Cervical dystonia is an involuntary movement of the neck muscles, often characterized by disabling pain. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and treatment usually involves injections of botulinum toxin Areas covered: The areas covered in this review include non-pharmacologic interventions, oral medications and injections of botulinum toxin, intrathecal baclofen and deep brain stimulation therapy. Expert opinion: First line treatment of cervical dystonia is periodic injection of botulinum toxin into the overactive neck muscles. The formulation depends on the physician's experience and the patients prior exposures. Each formulation is unique and should be considered a separate branch of the treatment paradigm. All injections must be formulated for the individual treatment. Each formulation has been demonstrated in large published trials to be effective. Physicians need to educate themselves on the dosing and side effect profiles of each formulation to best counsel their patients. C...
Relating the Organization of the Molecular Tilt Azimuth to Lateral-Force Images in Monolayers Transferred to Solid Substrates

The molecular tilt azimuth in domains of a condensed phase in monolayers of glycerol esters at the air/water interface exhibits a regular star texture. Lateral-force images of these monolayers that have been transferred to a silicon substrate show that the tilt organization survives. Regular patterns are also found in images of monolayers on mica, but the organization differs from that observed at the air/water interface.
Hepatic disease in injection drug users

A wide variety of infectious diseases affect injection drug users. One of the most common is viral hepatitis. In the United States, hepatitis B affects 1.5 million people, and hepatitis C affects more than 4 million people, many of whom are past or current users of injected drugs. Although the treatment for chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C has improved, protocols specifically designed for injection drug users, especially given their lifestyle and reportedly low compliance rates, are seriously lacking. These disorders can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and the need for liver transplantation in a sizeable proportion of cases. Therefore, early intervention should be a top priority.
A stochastic characterization of chronic ventricular ectopic activity

A novel approach for studying the generation of ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) is reported. The approach is based on the hypotheses that VEBs are often generated by a mechanism (VEB mechanism) which is stable over time, but whose activity is modulated by a variety of physiologic influences. The hypothesis suggests that VEB generation should be predictable and should be related to other physiologic parameters. The relationship should be reproducible under similar conditions,. To pursue this hypothesis, an analytic approach was developed which represents VEB generation with a conditional probability distribution. The distribution gives the probability that the next beat is a VEB, given information about the preceding beats. Using this approach on a database of half-hour ECG (electrocardiogram) tapes, it is shown that VEB generation is usually related to the preceding beat type and timing, and that this relationship is often reproducible over time. It is concluded that, in a given patient, VEB generation often shows consistent patterns which might serve as a potentially valuable characterization of the patient's VEB mechanism. >
Effect of carbon dioxide enrichment on chlorophyll content, starch content and starch grain structure in Trifolium subterraneum leaves

Trifolium subterraneum (cv. Dinninup) responds to enriched atmospheric CO2 in a manner similar to that described by Madsen (1968 and 1976) for tomato. In immature leaves, the total chlorophyll content per unit dry weight and the chlorophyll a:b ratio are significantly lower in plants grown at 0.10 vol% CO2. Although fully expanded mature leaves partially overcome the deficit in chlorophyll content, the chlorophyll a:b ratio remains substantially lower in these high CO2 grown plants. The large amount of starch accumulated as irregularly shaped grains appears to disrupt normal chloroplast structure in clover plants grown in enriched atmospheric CO2. These results indicate the chlorotic appearance of leaves from high CO2 grown clover plants is due to a decrease in chlorophyll content per dry weight possibly resulting from large starch grains and starch accumulation altering normal chloroplast structure and function.
Reducing institutional barriers to solar energy through the use of cooperatively-owned solar energy systems

Abstract Despite the conceptual attractiveness of solar energy systems for space-heating applications, the market penetration rate of solar systems remains low. The physical, economic, and institutional barriers to acceptance that cause this disappointing performance are closely related to the present political, social, and economic structure, and so are proving difficult and time-consuming to lower. However, aggregating small solar systems into larger cooperative ventures can avoid many of these barriers altogether. This “product-fit” approach could greatly increase the diffusion rate of solar energy systems into the economy, thereby replacing fossil-fuel uses sooner and to a greater extent than previously expected.
AGIS model of the effects of global climate change on mammals

Abstract The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of Geographic Information Systems to evaluate the effect of global climate change on mammals. Two general circulation models were used to predict climate change in Texas as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 and the Holdridge model of climate‐vegetation association was used to predict distributions of plant communities under current and increased levels of CO2 .Habitat specificities of the four species of Insectivora and the four species of Lagomorpha in Texas were used to predict impact of global climate change on their geographic distribution and, hence, on species richness within these two orders. The warmer climate in Texas predicted from climate models resulted in tropical vegetation moving into the state from the south. GIS models predicted that geographic ranges of these mammals would shrink, although none would be extirpated, and that mammalian richness would decrease (i.e., area of the state containing a high number of species would...
Minimum Size Survival Analysis Sampling Plans for Comparing Multiple Treatment Groups to a Single Control Group

We develop a sample size methodology that achieves specified Type-1 and Type-2 error rates when comparing the survivor functions of multiple treatment groups versus a control group. The designs will control family-wise Type-1 error rate. We assume the family of Weibull distributions adequately describes the underlying survivor functions, and we separately consider three of the most common study scenarios: (a) complete samples; (b) Type-1 censoring with a common censoring time; and (c) Type-1 censoring with an accrual period. A mice longevity study comparing the effect on survival of multiple low-calorie diets is used to motivate our work on this problem.
Cross Modality Correlations in the Imagery of Adults and 5-Year-Old Children

This research examined visual and auditory imagery in adults and 5-year-old children. We focused on 3 broad issues: 1) parallels between visual and auditory imagery; 2) static and dynamic imagery processes within the visual and auditory modalities; and 3) individual differences in these imagery processes. In Experiments 1 and 2, adults completed a set of four tasks of visual and auditory imagery and self-report measures of imagery. In Experiment 3, the set of imagery tasks was presented to 83 5-year-old children. Although children were less consistent in their imagery use than adults, there were interesting parallels between the children’s and adults’ performance. Across the 3 experiments, we found little or no relationship between static and dynamic imagery processes within the visual and auditory modalities. In contrast, significant correlations were observed across modality for dynamic imagery. These findings highlight the importance of examining cross-modality parallels in the development of imagery processes.
Sae2, Exo1 and Sgs1 collaborate in DNA double-strand break processing

DNA ends exposed after introduction of double-strand breaks (DSBs) undergo 5′–3′ nucleolytic degradation to generate single-stranded DNA, the substrate for binding by the Rad51 protein to initiate homologous recombination. This process is poorly understood in eukaryotes, but several factors have been implicated, including the Mre11 complex (Mre11–Rad50–Xrs2/NBS1), Sae2/CtIP/Ctp1 and Exo1. Here we demonstrate that yeast Exo1 nuclease and Sgs1 helicase function in alternative pathways for DSB processing. Novel, partially resected intermediates accumulate in a double mutant lacking Exo1 and Sgs1, which are poor substrates for homologous recombination. The early processing step that generates partly resected intermediates is dependent on Sae2. When Sae2 is absent, in addition to Exo1 and Sgs1, unprocessed DSBs accumulate and homology-dependent repair fails. These results suggest a two-step mechanism for DSB processing during homologous recombination. First, the Mre11 complex and Sae2 remove a small oligonucleotide(s) from the DNA ends to form an early intermediate. Second, Exo1 and/or Sgs1 rapidly process this intermediate to generate extensive tracts of single-stranded DNA that serve as substrate for Rad51. For years, researchers working on DNA repair have faced a conundrum: homologous recombination, a process that repairs double-strand DNA breaks, requires the production of single-stranded DNA tails with a 3′ end. Yet the obvious candidate for an exonuclease to function in this process is the Mre11 complex, which generates 5′ tailed molecules. Eleni Mimitou and Lorraine Symington now introduce some clarity into the situation. The cell's trick is to use a two-step process in which a short oligonucleotide is first removed from one strand by the Mre11 complex, and then the exonuclease ExoI and helicase Sgs1 load onto this substrate to generate the 3′-tailed molecule.
Phosphosilicate glass flow over aluminum in integrated circuit devices

A method of planarizing multilevel metallization struc tures in the fabrication of integrated circuit devices is presented. Radiation from a tunable TEA-CO 2 laser, under select conditions, is found to flow a layer of phosphosilicate glass, as thin as 1 µm and with as low as 5 % wt phosphorus, over aluminum steps. The flow is accomplished without any evidence of alloying the aluminum to the underlying silicon or melting the aluminum at the glass-to-metal interfaces.
Hydrogen sulfide: both feet on the gas and none on the brake?

I remember as a neophyte academician in the early 80's the excitement and at times heated discussion generated by nitric oxide (NO). How could this toxic and relatively unheard-of gas possibly be a regulatory molecule? Even its discovery was the result of a laboratory mistake (Furchgott, 1995). As with any revolutionary idea, there were both zealous aficionados, naysayers and folks in between that “just wanted more proof.” As a result, it took nearly 10 years for this field to reach its log growth phase (Figure ​(Figure1A);1A); the fact that the number of yearly publications has now leveled off at approximately 7000 per year is probably more attributable to resource limitations than to enthusiasm. The physiological relevance of carbon monoxide (CO) was realized shortly after (Wu and Wang, 2005) but again there was a similar lag between discovery and acceptability as the scientific community tried to separate toxicology and pharmacology from physiology (Figure ​(Figure1B1B).
Parental Anxiety Prospectively Predicts Fearful Children’s Physiological Recovery from Stress

Parental anxiety confers risk for the development of an anxiety disorder in children, and this risk may be transmitted through children’s stress reactivity. Further, some children may be more vulnerable to reactivity in the presence of parent factors such as anxiety. In this study, we examined whether parents’ anxiety symptoms prospectively predict school-aged children’s physiological reactivity following stress, assessed through their electrodermal activity (galvanic skin response) during recovery from a performance challenge task, and whether this varies as a function of children’s temperamental fearfulness. Parents and their children (N = 68) reported on their anxiety symptoms at Time 1 of data collection, and parents characterized the extent to which their children had fearful temperaments. At Time 2 children completed the performance challenge and two recovery tasks. Greater parental anxiety symptom severity at Time 1 predicted children’s higher electrodermal response during both recovery tasks following the failure task. Further, these effects are specific to children with medium and high fearful temperament, whereas for children low in fearfulness, the association between parent anxiety and child reactivity is not significant. Findings provide additional evidence for the diathesis–stress hypothesis and are discussed in terms of their contribution to the literature on developmental psychopathology.
Origin of lone pair binding energy shifts in photoemission from adsorbed molecules: CSOV analysis for the Cu5CO cluster

Abstract The chemisorptive interaction of the CO/Cu(100) system is studied with a Cu 5 (1,4)CO cluster model using the constrained space orbital variation (CSOV) analysis. This analysis has been used previously to examine the origin of the CO-metal bond and to show that the energetic importance of the metal to CO π donation is larger than that of the CO to metal σ donation. In the present work, we use it to determine the origin of the differential CO 5σ ionization potential shift observed in the photoemission spectra of CO/Cu(100). This shift is shown to be largely due to electrostatic, environmental potential effects. It does not indicate the nature of the CO-metal bond but does indicate the CO adsorption geometry.
L/sub 2,3/-subshell x-ray fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields at Z=64 and 67

The total Coster-Kronig transition probability f/sub 23/ for the L/sub 2/-L/sub 3/ transition and the L/sub 2/ and L/sub 3/ subshell x-ray fluorescence yields ..omega../sub 2/ and ..omega../sub 3/ were measured utilizing resolved L-K x-ray coincidence techniques for Z=64 and 67 with radioactive sources of 4.68-yr /sup 155/Eu and 10.4-h /sup 165/Er, respectively. Improved accuracy in the results is achieved by advances in the experimental method. The values of f/sub 23/ are 0.130 +- 0.012 and 0.115 +- 0.011 at Z=64 and 67, respectively, and of ..omega../sub 2/ and ..omega../sub 3/ are 0.165 +- 0.022 and 0.161 +- 0.019 at Z=64, and 0.186 +- 0.023 and 0.180 +- 0.020 at Z=67, respectively. The quoted uncertainties are twice the average deviation from the mean of 12 values of f/sub 23/ and two values each of ..omega../sub 2/ and ..omega../sub 3/, and arise predominantly from systematic errors.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Cross‐Border Knowledge Transfer: An Empirical Examination

Based on a sample of 102 US organizations, this study examines the impact of knowledge characteristics, recipient learning intent, source attractiveness, and relationship quality on the effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge transfer from the international business affiliates of these organizations. Findings indicate that recipient learning intent and source attractiveness positively impact the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. In addition, recipient learning intent was found to have a positive effect on knowledge transfer efficiency. In particular, results highlight the strong positive impact that the quality of the relationship between the source and the recipient has on both the efficiency and effectiveness of cross-border knowledge transfer. The study also indicates that knowledge value is positively associated with recipient learning intent and that knowledge value, rarity and non- substitutability influence source attractiveness. Finally, findings suggest that the relationship between knowledge characteristics and knowledge transfer is partially mediated by recipient learning intent and source attractiveness.
Temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic resonance linewidth in MnF2

Abstract The temperature dependent contribution to the antiferromagnetic resonance linewidth in MnF 2 has been measured at K-band frequencies (∼ 23 GHz) between 5° and 40°K. It can be closely approximated by a T 4 power law except at the highest temperatures.
Relational bytecode correlations

Abstract We present a calculus for tracking equality relationships between values through pairs of bytecode programs. The calculus may serve as a certification mechanism for non-interference, a well-known program property in the field of language-based security, and code transformations. Contrary to previous type systems for non-interference, no restrictions are imposed on the control flow structure of programs. Objects, static and virtual methods are included, and heap-local reasoning is supported by frame rules. In combination with polyvariance, the latter enable the modular verification of programs over heap-allocated data structures, which we illustrate by verifying and comparing different implementations of list copying. The material is based on a complete formalisation in Isabelle/HOL.
AMPLITUDE SQUEEZING OF A SEMICONDUCTOR LASER WITH LIGHT INJECTION

2.3 dB of amplitude squeezing has been observed in a semiconductor laser with light injection from a single-mode semiconductor laser to one of the longitudinal modes of the slave laser. The slave laser operates as a semiconductor laser amplifier and oscillates at the injected mode, which differs from the free-running oscillation modes.
C. Alphonso Smith on “Southern oratory before the war”

This paper discusses the contribution of C. Alphonso Smith (1864–1924), prominent English professor, to the emerging concept of Southern oratory.
UV aging performance of Blue Light encapsulant films

To realize the power entitlement of high efficiency selective emitter and lightly doped emitter cells (Blue Light cells), module makers need encapsulants to transmit more usable short wavelength radiation (blue light). To date, most encapsulant manufacturers have done this by changing the stabilizer package added to the encapsulant polymer. Accelerated UV aging of these encapsulant materials was performed and the stability of Blue Light EVA was compared to both standard EVA and Blue Light ionomer film. The results indicate that Blue Light EVA is less stable to UV than standard EVA or Blue Light ionomer. As long term module reliability is clearly as important as initial module efficiency, it is essential that careful consideration and testing be completed before a material change is made.
Motion-adapted pulse sequences for oriented sample (OS) solid-state NMR of biopolymers

One of the main applications of solid-state NMR is to study the structure and dynamics of biopolymers, such as membrane proteins, under physiological conditions where the polypeptides undergo global motions as they do in biological membranes. The effects of NMR radiofrequency irradiations on nuclear spins are strongly influenced by these motions. For example, we previously showed that the MSHOT-Pi4 pulse sequence yields spectra with resonance line widths about half of those observed using the conventional pulse sequence when applied to membrane proteins undergoing rapid uniaxial rotational diffusion in phospholipid bilayers. In contrast, the line widths were not changed in microcrystalline samples where the molecules did not undergo global motions. Here, we demonstrate experimentally and describe analytically how some Hamiltonian terms are susceptible to sample motions, and it is their removal through the critical π/2 Z-rotational symmetry that confers the “motion adapted” property to the MSHOT-Pi4 pulse sequence. This leads to the design of separated local field pulse sequence “Motion-adapted SAMPI4” and is generalized to an approach for the design of decoupling sequences whose performance is superior in the presence of molecular motions. It works by cancelling the spin interaction by explicitly averaging the reduced Wigner matrix to zero, rather than utilizing the 2π nutation to average spin interactions. This approach is applicable to both stationary and magic angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments.
Bridging generations: Applying “adult” leadership theories to youth leadership development

The vast literature related to adult leadership has very little to say about youth leadership. Adult leadership literature tends to focus on issues of authority (voice, influence, and decision-making power). In contrast, youth leadership literature tends to focus on issues of ability (skills, knowledge, and talents). The author explores the difference and attempts to bridge the gap.
Dual diagnosis in the Walter B. Jones Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center

The identification and management of substance abusers admitted with dual diagnosis problems or subsequently diagnosed during treatment with psychiatric syndromes, presents a therapeutic challenge to the hospital staff. This task becomes increasingly difficult because of the time constraints imposed by the length of the program (28 days) in our institution. An ongoing effort is in place to discover independent psychiatric illness in our population. If it exists, it is treated as effectively as possible within the constraints of time, with the expectation of enhancing aftercare treatment. The difficulties that arise in identifying psychiatric symptoms secondary to alcohol and drug use, from independent co-existing psychiatric illness will be described.
The rise of coastal and marine tourism

Abstract Marine tourism has surfaced as a pressing topic in the field of ocean and coastal management. Neither necessarily good, nor bad, this tourism is inherently controversial. Today, demand for travel exhibits greater variation and magnitude than ever in history. In response, the tourism industry has become the largest business on earth. This, coupled with the respect people profess for marine environments and local peoples, creates feelings of ambivalence for the tourist. Sociologically, the activity of tourism may be studied as a symbolic interaction fostering social solidarity. Ecotourism, a recent phenomenon attuned to the ideal of sustainable development, is suggested to emerge through the social construction processes of restoration and enhancement. The papers in this theme volume add fuel to the proposition that the resolution of tourism problems in the coastal zone will require the scientific study of environmental and social conditions, policy analyses, planning, and public education.
Effect of the route of administration on the neutralizing potency of antivenins.

Abstract Using a variety of venoms, it was demonstrated that the route of administration has a decisive influence in the demonstration of the protective effect of a given antivenin. It is suggested that in testing the efficacy of an immune serum, both i.v. and i.p. administration should be given consideration.
Quantitative image-level evaluation of multiresolution 3D texture-based volume rendering

This research focuses on a quantitative evaluation of images produced by multi-resolution 3D texture-based volume rendering methods. Volume rendering techniques utilize nearly all the data in a volumetric data set to construct an image, so using coarser versions of the original data may negatively impact the display quality of the images produced. The trade-offs between a more efficient use of memory space needed to store a multi-resolution representation versus the potential sacrifice of image quality are characterized by visual inspection and by two image quality measurements: root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized mutual information (NMI). RMSE is a traditional image quality measurement and NMI is a recent technique used in image processing and human vision research that incorporates image entropies into a concise, intuitive information-based measurement to quantify information content. Using image entropy as a measure of information can help determine if there is some kind of structural artifact in the image, so it may compliment RMSE, which is often used to identify random error. The analysis of images produced from multi-resolution volume rendering experiments indicates that there is additional merit in looking at information-based measurements of image quality as well as using traditional measurements to identify and quantitatively evaluate regions of mismatch.
Equivalent factor matroids of graphs

The factor matroid of a graphG is the matric matroid of the vertex-edge incidence matrix ofG interpreted over the real numbers. This paper presents a constructive characterization of the graphs hat have the same factor matroid as a given 4-connected bipartite graph.
Prospective Studies of Dietary Vitamin D and Breast Cancer: More Questions Raised than Answered

Prospective studies suggest that dietary vitamin D may at least modestly reduce the risk of breast cancer. This review addresses issues raised by recent studies, including differences in findings related to dietary source of vitamin D, menopausal status, and tumor characteristics. It also discusses the optimal timing of vitamin D assessment.
TOWARD A DEFINITION OF MASS CONVERSION: COMMENTS ON KLAUSNER'S DISCUSSION OF THE CONVERSION OF AMERICAN JEWS

The wide scope of Klausner’s historical examples is praised. Nevertheless, the adequacy of his definition of mass conversion is questioned as is its applicability to contemporary Jewish society in the United States.
A Simple Model for Cornering and Belt‐edge Separation in Radial Tires

Abstract A mathematical analysis of radial tire cornering was performed to predict tire deflections and belt‐edge separation strains. The model includes the effects of pure bending, transverse shear bending, lateral restraint of the carcass on the belt, and shear displacements between belt and carcass. It also provides a description of the key mechanisms that act during cornering. The inputs include belt and carcass cord properties, cord angle, pressure, rubber properties, and cornering force. Outputs include cornering deflections and interlaminar shear strains. Key relations found between tire parameters and responses were the optimum angle for minimum cornering deflections and its dependence on cord modulus, and the effect of cord angle and modulus on interlaminar shear strains.
SUBSOLIDUS REE PARTITIONING BETWEEN PYROXENE AND PLAGIOCLASE IN CUMULATE EUCRITES : AN ION MICROPROBE INVESTIGATION

Abstract In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between the cumulate eucrites and the noncumulate (main series) eucrites, we have examined the trace-element systematics of plagioclase grains that coexist with inverted pigeonites of the cumulate eucrites. Analyses were done by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Plagioclase compositions are uniform in trace-element abundances within grains from each cumulate eucrite, but are variable between the four analyzed: Moama, Moore County, Serra de Mage, and Binda. Shapes of CI-normalized trace-element abundance patterns of the plagioclase grains of the cumulates are typical of plagioclase, showing a LREE-enriched pattern with positive Eu anomalies reflecting the site preference of Eu 2+ in the feldspar structure. Using trace-element concentrations of the pyroxenes (orthopyroxene, pigeonite, augite; Pun and Papike, 1995) and plagioclase (this study), we calculate the subsolidus partition coefficients (Ds) for the REEs and Y between plagioclase and pyroxenes in the examined cumulate eucrites. Trace-element systematics suggest that igneous trace-element signatures have been altered by subsolidus exchange for both the plagioclase and pyroxene. Calculated hypothetical parental-melt patterns determined from pyroxene and plagioclase are different and can differ by a factor of 4–5 for individual REEs.
Intellectual ability, rationality, and intuitiveness as predictors of warranted and unwarranted optimism for future life events

The social calculations involved in assessing one's life chances were examined. Undergraduates estimated the probability that they would experience positive and negative life events and the probability that others would experience the same events. Participants evinced considerable bias in their estimates, expressing the belief that they would experience more desirable and fewer undesirable events than others. Important individual differences in these biases were found. Particularly regarding academic/career events, those with superior intellectual ability expressed more bias than their peers. Surprisingly, even students in the bottom third of intellectual ability displayed considerable academic/career bias. Cognitive style was also linked with the extensiveness of biased perceptions: individuals high in Need for Cognition were more optimistically biased than their peers in the academic/career domain. Also, relative to participants whose cognitive style was more rational, those who relied on intuitive processing believed that both positive and negative events were more likely to be experienced, by both the self and others. Finally, students who eventually dropped out of college were lower in Need for Cognition and had more unrealistic expectations regarding both positive and negative life events than students who remained in school. These findings are discussed in terms of general adolescent phenomena, such as individuation, identity, and the personal fable, and cognitive factors, such as the knowledge of base rate information and the availability heuristic.
Current Treatments for Sleep Disturbances in Individuals With Dementia

Sleep disturbances are widespread among older adults. Degenerative neurologic disorders that cause dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, exacerbate age-related changes in sleep, as do many common comorbid medical and psychiatric conditions. Medications used to treat chronic illness and insomnia have many side effects that can further disrupt sleep and place patients at risk for injury. This article reviews the neurophysiology of sleep in normal aging and sleep changes associated with common dementia subtypes and comorbid conditions. Current pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic evidencebased treatment options are discussed, including the use of light therapy, increased physical and social activity, and multicomponent cognitive-behavioral interventions for improving sleep in institutionalized and community-dwelling adults with dementia.
Frustration effect: The length of blocking interval and magnitude of incentive

In a series of three experiments, forty Sprague-Dawley females were randomly assigned to groups which differed in incentive magnitude in the goalbox. The subjects were then trained for 10 days in a straight alley with no obstruction of approach to the goal. During testing, the rats received two nonblocked and four blocked (delay) trials per day for 11 days. Groups receiving four or nine 45-mg pellets on each trial ran significantly faster following delays than following no delay and tended to be faster following a 4-sec delay than following longer delays. Delay had a similar effect on both running speeds and ingestion rates, with the 4- and 20-sec delays producing a significant frustration effect for running and ingestion in the third experiment.
An immunohistochemical study of serotonin neuron development in the rat: Ascending pathways and terminal fields

The ontogeny of the serotonergic axonal projections may be divided into three periods: one of initial axon elongation (E12-E16), the development of selective pathways (E15-E19) and terminal field development (E19-E21). All serotonergic axons that enter the prosencephalon ascend in the medial forebrain bundle From this bundle fascicles of immunoreactive axons enter several well-defined fiber tracts: specifically, the fasciculus retroflexus, stria medullaris, external capsule, fornix, and supracallosal stria. Axons from these pathways form terminal arborizations in the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal and limbic forebrain, and cerebral cortex. Serotonergic axons appear to be guided by pre-existing non-serotonergic tracts in reaching targets in the forebrain. Innervation of the cerebral cortex is a prolonged process extending from E19 through PND21. Axons enter directly into the marginal and intermediate zones of the immature cortex, at the medial, frontal and lateral edges of the hemisphere, and subsequently spread tangentially to cover the hemispheres. Terminal ramifications then arise from the bilaminar axons and fill in the middle cortical layers. This growth pattern gives rise to tangential and radial gradients in innervation density. While the growth of serotonin axons across the forebrain appears to be a continuous, sequential process, the development of terminal innervation is highly heterogeneous, occurring at different times and at different rates from region to region. Serotonergic axons do not innervate immature, primarily proliferative neuronal populations. The delay in serotonin innervation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, striatum, and middle cortical layers long after the axons have reached these structures suggests that the formation of serotonin axon terminals is dependent on maturation of other elements in local neuronal circuitry.
Improved Coastal Precipitation Forecasts with Direct Assimilation ofGOES-11/12Imager Radiances

AbstractThe Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imager provides observations that are of high spatial and temporal resolution and can be applied for effectively monitoring and nowcasting severe weather events. In this study, improved quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) for three coastal storms over the northern Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast is demonstrated by assimilating GOES-11 and GOES-12 imager radiances into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Both the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) analysis system and the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) are utilized to ingest GOES IR clear-sky data. Assimilation of GOES imager radiances during a 6–12-h time window prior to convective initiation and/or development could significantly improve the precipitation forecasts near the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico. The 3-h accumulative precipitation threat scores are increased by about 20% after 6 ...
NONLINEAR CONNECTIONS FOR CURVED TWISTOR SPACES

A holomorphic connection on (1, 0)-vector fields which is intrinsically defined on any curved twistor space is described. Although it is a local operator, it is given in terms of the nonlocal geometry of the twistor space corresponding to the local geometry of the spacetime. The connection is represented in local coordinates by a system ofnonlinear first-order partial differential operators. It has torsion but no curvature. A parallelism is given explicitly, and an example is computed.
Formation of ultrathin hydrogel films on microcantilever devices using electrophoretic deposition

Uniform hydrogel films from micro/nano-hydrogel particles were prepared on the silicon wafers and microcantilevers. These films were assembled on the substrates by using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The microcantilevers coated by such films responded to the environmental pH changes, indicating that the EPD could be used as a new method for modifying microcantilevers.
Hierarchical extraction and verification of symmetry constraints for analog layout automation

Device matching and layout symmetry are of utmost importance to high performance analog and RF circuits. In this paper, we present HiLSD, the first CAD tool for the automatic detection of layout symmetry between two or more devices in a hierarchical manner. HiLSD first extracts the circuit structure from the layout, then applies an efficient pattern-matching algorithm to find all the subcircuits automatically, and finally detects layout symmetry on the portion of the layout that corresponds to extracted subcircuit instances. On a set of practical analog layouts, HiLSD is demonstrated to be much more efficient than direct symmetry detection on a flattened layout. Results from applying HiLSD to automatic analog layout retargeting for technology migration and new specifications are also described.
A new bistable motion illusion based upon 'kinetic optical occlusion'.

A display was devised for the purpose of studying the information afforded by kinetic optical occlusion (the progressive erasure and replacement of static elements within a display). A microcomputer generated a series of equally spaced light bars on a dark background. The first bar on the left was suddenly blanked and, after a pause of variable duration (an interblank interval, or IBI), was replaced. As the first bar was replaced, the second bar in the series was blanked, and so on, until each bar in the pattern had been blanked and replaced. Depending upon the duration of the IBI, this display gave rise to one of two alternative percepts: the observer either saw movement of a dark shadow ‘in front of’ the pattern of bars (with IBIs ≲ 50 ms) or he saw right-to-left stroboscopic movement of successive bars (with IBIs ≳ 85 ms). At some intermediate IBI (the transition IBI) the display was bistable. A two-bar variant of the original display was also studied and found to be bistable under appropriate conditio...
Magnetic frustration and spin-charge separation in 2d strongly correlated electron systems

Abstract I propose that the ground state of the 2D t-J model near half-filling with J t ~ 1 3 has both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic fluctuations leading to a magnetically frustrated ground state. I further argue that the frustrated state is spin-charge separated to account for the observed behavior of the equal time spin and charge correlation functions.
Systemic oxygen transport and utilization.

This short review addresses modern concepts of oxygen transport and utilization. It consists of two sections. The first deals with the underlying concepts and is largely theoretical. It first presents the transport pathway components as a linked in series system. Then, the way in which the components are integrated to set limits to overall O2 availability to tissue mitochondria is discussed. It therefore presents a framework for interpreting O2 transport limitations, both in health and disease. The second section deals with experimental outcomes of studies that address the pathway components and the limitations they may impose on O2 availability using that framework. Most of these studies have involved exercise in healthy subjects, but some have examined the relationship between O2 supply and utilization in critically ill patients. An application suitable for intact transgenic mouse phenotyping studies is also proposed.
Effects of sediment resuspension on organic matter processing in coastal environments: A simulation model

Abstract A model, constructed using STELLA™, was used to simulate changes in standing stocks and flows of organic matter resulting from sediment resuspension in shallow coastal environments. Previous studies suggested that resuspension may determine the sites and rates of organic matter mineralization in shallow environments (Hopkinson, 1985, 1987). Those studies predicted that resuspended organic material could exert an enhanced demand on dissolved oxygen. Our model results support this hypothesis. Total system metabolism receives increasing contributions from the water column as settling rate decreases. Water column respiration also increases relative to benthic respiration as the frequency and intensity of resuspension events increases. This is driven by higher specific degradation rates in the water column than in the benthic environment. Furthermore, overall respiration (benthic + pelagic) increases in response to resuspension.
CAROTENOIDS AND OXIDATIVE ENZYMES IN THE AQUATIC PHYCOMYCETES BLASTOCLADIELLA AND RHIZOPHLYCTIS

CURRENT CONCEPTS regarding natural affinities among living organisms rest largely upon an integration of extensive evidence from fossil deposits, on the one hand, and comparative cytology, physiology, and developmental morphology of living representatives, on the other. Among the primitive aquatic fungi, however, fossil records are virtually non-existent. The descriptions of countless living species is somewhat misleading; upon close examination, one must conclude that limits of variability have seldom been critically evaluated (cf. Stanier, 1942; Emerson, 1950). Attempts (Cantino, 1950) to employ physiological criteria, as an adjunct to morphology, in the, appraisal of phylogenetic relationships yielded interesting correlative data; the efforts were particularly handicapped, however, by the lack of reliable inform'ation on synthetic capacities for the Chytridiales and Monoblepharidales. The potential importance of cytological evidence, too, is revealed in recent suggestions (Emerson, 1950) regarding haplontic and diplontic evolutionary series leading from the Chytridiales, through the Blastocladiales, to the Monoblepharidales. And yet, a demonstration of the origin of any ,aember of the Blastocladiales or Monoblepharidales from its supposed progenitors among the chytrids or vice versa is lacking. In the present study, the presence or absence of carotenoids and a few selected oxidative enzymes in one strain of a chytridiaceous organism has been compared with that in several wild typeand mutant-strains of a blastocladiaceous organism. We believe that the direct, experimental evidence derived therefrom strengthens the relationship, based heretofore primarily upon morphological data, between the Chytridiales and the Blastocladiales. MATERIALS AND METHODS.-Cultures on agar media were incubated at 20?C; the techniques and media used for comparative developmental and morphological studies are discussed in detail elsewhere (Cantino, 1951; Cantino and Hyatt, 1953). Liquid cultures used for the preparation of homogenates were grown at room temperature (ca. 21-24 C.0), harvested by vacuum filtration, and washed with distilled water (ca. 1000 cc./1.0 g. wet weight). The mats were resuspended in M/15 phosphate buffer (ca. 1.0 g. wet weight/10 cc.), ground with a glass homogenizer in an ice bath, and centrifuged at ca. 400 X G for 5 min. The centrifugates were discarded and the supernatants were used for both
Pharmacologic Management of Sleep Disturbances in Noncancer-Related Pain

Chronic/persistent pain places a significant burden on patients, the health care system, and society, because it is associated with substantial personal suffering, lost productivity, and health care costs. Along with its significant socioeconomic impact, chronic/persistent pain can also alter normal sleep patterns in patients, which in turn may affect multiple aspects of daily life, such as interference with social relationships, diminished cognitive functions, interference with daily activities, and increased levels of anxiety and depression. Therefore, a clinical understanding of the relationship between chronic pain, pain relief, and pain-related sleep disturbances is essential for creating an effective pain management regimen. As an example, if sleep assessments are performed consistently over time (i.e., before the initiation of analgesic therapy and during treatment), changes in sleep patterns may signal the need for a change in treatment. An optimal treatment for the management of chronic/persistent pain should provide continuous around-the-clock pain control and subsequently improve sleep, thereby improving health-related quality of life in many patients. This article focuses on the disruptions in sleep that are commonly seen in patients with chronic/persistent pain, and their utility as a measure of effective pain management in clinical studies evaluating pharmacologic approaches to chronic pain management.
Methods for monitoring cellular motion and function

Automated cell phase analysis of live cells over extended time periods requires both novel assays and automated image analysis algorithms. We approach the tracking problem as a spatio-temporal volume segmentation problem, where the 2D slices are stacked into a volume with time as the z dimension. This extended abstract gives an overview of our approach and outlines how a robust tracking system for high-throughput screening can be designed.
Hydrogen recycle modeling and measurements in tokamaks

Abstract A model for hydrogen recycling developed for use in a tokamak transport code is described and compared with measurements on ISX-B and DITE. The model includes kinetic reflection of charge-exchange neutrals from the wall and deposition, thermal diffusion, and desorption processes in the wall. In a tokamak with a limiter, the inferred recycle coefficient of 0.9–1.0 is due primarily to reflection (0.8–0.9) with the remainder (0.1–0.2) being due to desorption. Laboratory experiments supply much of the data for the model and several areas are discussed where additional data are needed, such as reflection from hydrogen-loaded walls at low (~100eV) energy. Simulation of ISX-B shows that the recently observed density decrease with neutral beam injection may be partially due to a decrease in recycling caused by hardening of the charge-exchange flux incident on the wall from the plasma. Modeling of isotopic exchange in DITE indicates the need for an ion-induced desorption process which responds on a timescale shorter than the wall thermal diffusion time.
Japanese Beetle: Enhancement of Lures by Eugenol and Caproic Acid

Single lures for Popillia japonica Newman fell into 3 significantly separate attractive classes: eugenol and geraniol; methyl cyclohexanepropionate and phenethyl propionate (PEP); and anethole. These lures mixed with eugenol were significantly more attractive to beetles than when exposed singly, and 2 mixtures, PEP + eugenol and geraniol + eugenol, were significantly more attractive than either component. A mixture of PEP + geraniol was most greatly enhanced by adding eugenol. Its attractancy, on a per-trap basis, was 6.3× greater than the attraction of its components. PEP + eugenol + geraniol was also from 3.2 to 300× more efficient than other lures tested. The addition of caproic acid did not enhance the attractancy of any lures.