cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inter-gall dispersal in a socially parasitic aphid

The precise means by which socially parasitic gall aphids locate and exploit their hosts remain largely unknown. In this study, I investigated dispersal from natal galls by Tamalia inquiline aphids, both in terms of emigration from the gall, as well as the invasion of new galls induced by host Tamalia aphids. Experimental evidence, gained from sticky traps on the host plants, demonstrates that inquiline first-instar aphids are significantly more likely to exit natal galls than are gall-inducers. With the use of fluorescent tracking powder, a second set of trials confirmed that inquilines are capable of dispersing between galls on the host plant. These experiments reveal the locomotory capacity of Tamalia social parasites as a strategy for exploiting the galls of host aphids.
The Role of Nurse Leaders in the Well-being of Clinicians

This column reviews the concept of humanism in leadership. After surviving a year perceived by many healthcare professionals as the most challenging of a generation, the author reflects on leadership essentials for rebuilding our nursing workforce.
Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne

Almost two decades after his death, John Wayne is still America's favorite movie star. More than an actor, Wayne is a cultural icon whose stature seems to grow with the passage of time. In this illuminating biography, Ronald L. Davis focuses on Wayne's human side, portraying a complex personality defined by frailty and insecurity as well as by courage and strength.Davis traces Wayne's story from its beginnings in Winterset, Iowa, to his death in 1979. This is not a story of instant fame: only after a decade in budget westerns did Wayne receive serious consideration, for his performance in John Ford's 1939 film Stagecoach. From that point on, his skills and popularity grew as he appeared in such classics as Fort Apache, Red River, She Wore a Yellow Ribbon, The Quiet Man, The Searches, The Man who Shot Liberty Valance, and True Grit. A man's ideal more than a woman's, Wayne earned his popularity without becoming either a great actor or a sex symbol. In all his films, whatever the character, John Wayne portrayed John Wayne, a persona he created for himself: the tough, gritty loner whose mission was to uphold the frontier's--and the nation's--traditional values. To depict the different facets of Wayne's life and career, Davis draws on a range of primary and secondary sources, most notably exclusive interviews with the people who knew Wayne well, including the actor's costar Maureen O'Hara and his widow, Pilar Wayne. The result is a well-balanced, highly engaging portrait of a man whose private identity was eventually overshadowed by his screen persona--until he came to represent America itself.
Potpourri of Quick Morphologic References

Fungi are encountered in two major settings: (1) surface dwellers and colonizers (e.g., mucocutaneous candidiasis and fungus ball, respectively) and (2) infections involving visceral organs/soft tissue. The latter category includes two types of fungi: (1) opportunistic (occurring in immunocompromised host) vs. pathogenic (able to infect immunocompetent host). Classic opportunistic fungi include Pneumocystis and Zygomycetes. Classic pathogenic fungi include dimorphic fungi, which exist as molds in nature and yeast in tissue: Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Paracoccidioides. Cryptococcus is predominantly opportunistic. When you encounter a fungus in visceral organs, your DDx should vary according to a patient’s immune status.
NGS HLA typing – Single center experience with Omixon Holotype HLA X4 KIT and HLA twin data analysis

Aim Given the high throughput, better coverage, and free of phase ambiguity with HLA typing using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we decided to test one of the commercially available kits (Holotype HLA X4 ) offered by Omixon. Methods Total of 32 samples (27 PBMC derived patient DNA samples and 5 UCLA survey DNA samples) were sequenced by NGS for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 using Holotype HLA X4. All samples were previously typed at high-resolution by combinations of SBT/SSP. This includes 23 HLA-A, 28 B, 21 C, 28 DRB1, 14 DQB1 CWD2.0 alleles and also 2 non-CWD and 2 novel alleles. With Omixon HLA X4 kit, both individual PCR amplicon barcode and pooled amplicon barcode strategies were evaluated on Illumina MiSeq analyzer. Results Long-range PCR gave robust amplifications on all samples for HLA-A, B, C (full coverage) and DRB1 (exon 2–4). DQB1 set 2 PCR (exon 2–5) had a failure rate of 3% (1/32) and DQB1 set 1 PCR (exon 1–4) had a failure rate of 21.9% (7/32, 5 of them from UCLA survey samples). The accuracy of NGS typing was 100% concordant with previous typing for HLA-A, B, C in both PCR amplicon individually barcoded and pooled amplicon barcoded format. Accuracy dropped to 97% for DRB1 and DQB1 assignment in both formats due to technical errors (1/32) or failed DQB1 PCR (1/32). Non-CWD alleles as well as novel alleles were correctly identified. No ambiguities were present in any of the final typing assignments. Using default quality control matrix of 15 parameters from the HLA Twin software, 4/158 resolved HLA alleles gave “red” light in the two traffic light system for amplicon individually barcoded samples, compared to 7/158 alleles in pooled amplicon barcoded samples. Regardless, none of the sample with “red” flagged QC parameter compromised the final HLA typing assignment. Conclusions Our experience with Omixon Holotype HLA X4 kit indicates that HLA-NGS typing indeed has advantages over Sanger SBT method. The Omixon NGS library construction is easy to perform without noticeable bias introduction. The beta version HLA Twin analysis software is user friendly & performs well with both amplicon individually barcoded as well as pooled amplicon barcoded samples with extensive data quality monitoring. However, the robustness of DQB1 PCR requires improvement & the dual algorithm of HLA Twin software needs more transparency.
Black string traveling waves.

A family of solutions to low-energy string theory is found. These solutions represent waves traveling along "extremal black strings."
A model of pion condensation

Conditions for pion condensation are stated which are based on well-known instabilities towards spontaneous break-down in indefinite-metric quantum field theories. We then discuss a dipole-ghost mechanism for condensation. A phenomenological model is described in which condensation could occur at 0.08 fm−3 via this mechanism.
Exotic non-Abelian anyons from conventional fractional quantum Hall states

Non-Abelian anyons—particles whose exchange noncommutatively transforms a system’s quantum state—are widely sought for the exotic fundamental physics they harbour and for quantum computing applications. Numerous blueprints now exist for stabilizing the simplest type of non-Abelian anyon, defects binding Majorana modes, by interfacing widely available materials. Here we introduce a device fabricated from conventional fractional quantum Hall states and s-wave superconductors that supports exotic non-Abelian defects binding parafermionic zero modes, which generalize Majorana bound states. We show that these new modes can be experimentally identified (and distinguished from Majoranas) using Josephson measurements. We also provide a practical recipe for braiding parafermionic zero modes and show that they give rise to non-Abelian statistics. Interestingly, braiding in our setup produces a richer set of topologically protected operations when compared with the Majorana case. As a byproduct, we establish a new, experimentally realistic Majorana platform in weakly spin–orbit-coupled materials such as gallium arsenide.
Adaptive robust precision motion control of linear motors with ripple force compensations: theory and experiments

This paper studies the high performance robust motion control of linear motors which are subjected to significant force ripple. Based on the structural property of linear motors, some simple models with unknown weights are used to approximate the force ripple as well as other reproducible nonlinearities, such as friction. The unknown weights are adjusted online via certain parameter adaptation law to achieve an improved model compensation. The model approximation error as well as lumped disturbance are handled via certain robust control law to achieve a guaranteed robust performance. Experimental results are obtained for the motion control of an iron core linear motor and verify the high performance of the proposed scheme.
Angiotensin II causes endothelial-dependent increase in expression of CaV1.2 protein in cultured arteries

Examination was made of the direct vascular effects of the hypertension-inducing pressor hormone angiotensin II on expression and activity of the voltage-gated calcium channel Ca(V)1.2. Freshly dissected rat superior mesenteric artery beds were maintained in organ culture unpressurized for 24 h in the presence or absence of angiotensin II. Relative to controls, angiotensin II increased Ca(V)1.2 protein expression and tension-inducing activity but not Ca(V)1.2 message. The increase in Ca(V)1.2 protein expression by angiotensin II was abrogated by damaging the endothelium. Thus, the endothelium is involved in regulating Ca(V)1.2 expression in the vascular wall.
Overwhelming Grief in a Traumatized World: Evolving Perspectives in Treatment:

Treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often associated with co-morbid conditions, has been insufficiently studied and somewhat resistant to traditional treatment interventions....
ARTE EN LA ZONA DE HISTÉRESIS: QUEBRADA. LAS CORDILLERAS EN ANDAS DE GUADALUPE SANTA CRUZ

Quebrada. Las cordilleras en andas examines the issue of the artwork’s diminished status within a landscape dominated by the entertainment industry. From this knowledge and the vanguard design of the book itself –as an instrument of the real— arises a tension that is characteristic of contemporary art. This tension has been compared to the point of hysteresis of an element, in which like a magnetic material it, the work of art, preserves one of its properties in the absence of its stimulus. This essay examines how this tension is produced in the work by Guadalupe Santa Cruz.
Passive vibration damping enhancement using carbon nanotube-epoxy reinforced composites

In this paper, the stiffness and damping properties of carbon nanotube-epoxy composites are examined for use in structural vibration applications. The influence of several parameters such as nanotube proportion (weight ratio), nanotube type and frequency dependence is analyzed. Both single-walled and multi-walled nanotube-epoxy composites are prepared with different proportion of nanotubes. Free and forced vibration tests are conducted on these samples (in the form of cantilevered beams) to extract natural frequency and damping ratio from the acquired responses. To determine frequency dependent characteristics, the beam length is varied and these tests are repeated. It is observed that enhancement in damping ratio is more dominant than enhancement in stiffness by using carbon nanotube reinforcement. Multi-walled nanotubes are observed to be a better reinforcement than single-walled nanotubes. Up to 700% increase in damping ratio is observed for multi-walled nanotube-epoxy beam as compared to the plain epoxy beam. Another important observation is the maximum increase in damping ratio versus nanotube weight ratio curve for both multi-walled nanotube and single-walled nanotube reinforcements. This indicates a limit on the enhancement in damping ratio that can be achieved by utilizing carbon nanotubes in epoxy. Results of the forced vibration tests also indicate damping enhancement for higher modes of vibration.
Dynamics of CO formation in the photodissociation of HNCO and CH2CO at 193nm

Abstract The photodissociation of isocyanic acid (HNCO) and ketene (CH 2 CO) at 193 nm was investigated using an ArF laser to dissociate the carbonyl compound and a CO laser to probe the resulting vibrationally excited CO. The dissociation of HNCO at 193 nm produces CO with an average vibrational energy of 4.6 ± 0.3 kcal/mol. The dissociation Gf CH 2 CO at 193 nm produces CO with an average vibrational energy of 6.4 ± 0.8 kcal/mol. The observed CO vibrational energy distributions were found to be in close agreement with those predicted statistically assuming NH(a 1 Δ) + CO and CH 2 ( 1 A 1 ) + CO were the photodissociation products.
Complementarity and substitutability in family members' time allocated to household production activities

This study reviews the concepts of complementarity and substitutability and the theoretical representations of these concepts used in demand analysis. It highlights difficulties encountered in empirical estimation of these relationships in the absence of adequate price data. A procedure for investigating these relationships in demand analysis under the assumption of constant relative prices is proposed. A model is formulated to test these relationships in family members' time allocated to household production activities. The data used in this analysis were collected in the Interstate Regional Research Project (NE-113), U.S.D.A. A simultaneous regression procedure is used. Results indicate that time of homemakers and their spouses are weakly complementary in several household maintenance activities, unpaid work, eating, shopping, recreation, organizational participation, physical and non-physical care of family members, and physical care of self. Homemaker's time in food preparation and spouse's time in physical care of self are found to be weakly substitutable. Relationships of substitutability are identified for each family member individually in his/her own discretionary activities. Discussion centers on implications of the model assumptions and use of residual analysis in applications other than demand analysis.
Two-Atom Rydberg Blockade using Direct 6S to nP Excitation

We explore a single-photon approach to Rydberg state excitation and Rydberg blockade. Using detailed theoretical models, we show the feasibility of direct excitation, predict the effect of background electric fields, and calculate the required interatomic distance to observe Rydberg blockade. We then measure and control the electric field environment to enable coherent control of Rydberg states. With this coherent control, we demonstrate Rydberg blockade of two atoms separated by 6.6(3) $\ensuremath{\mu}$m. When compared with the more common two-photon excitation method, this single-photon approach is advantageous because it eliminates channels for decoherence through photon scattering and ac Stark shifts from the intermediate state while moderately increasing Doppler sensitivity.
An Investigation of Desired Friendships During Early Adolescence

This study of 384 young adolescents (45% girls, M age = 12.94 years) and their desired friendships (friendships that adolescents indicate they would like to form in the future) examined whether (a)...
The aromatic CNO2 bond as a site for nucleophilic attack

Abstract The significance of the recently discovered buildup of positive electrostatic potential above and below nitroaromatic CNO 2 bonds is investigated by computing electric field lines of force and by studying the possible interaction of an OH − ion with the CNO 2 portion of nitrobenzene. Both kinds of evidence - the paths found for the lines of force and the attractive interaction with OH − support the conclusion that the CNO 2 bond in nitrobenzene can serve as an initial site for nucleophilic attack. Some nitroaromatic reactions in which this may play a role are mentioned briefly.
Effect of Flow Rate Changes and Pulsing on the Treatment of Source Zones by in Situ Air Sparging

Laboratory-scale two-dimensional aquifer physical model studies were conducted to qualitatively assess how changes in air injection rate, air injection pulsing, and chemical type affect the rate and extent of removal by in situ air sparging. In this work, the treatment of immiscible-phase source zones in coarse media has been simulated. To provide a basis for comparison, equivalent unsaturated-soil soil vapor extraction-like simulation experiments were also conducted. Results suggest that, (1) initially, removal occurs from within saturated zone air flow channels at rates similar to those observed for soil vapor extraction, (2) during this initial period, removal rates are proportional to air flow rate and equilibrium chemical vapor concentrations, (3) while increased air injection rates improve volatilization rates in the short-term, the long-term cumulative removal efficiency may not be affected unless the saturated zone air flow distribution changes significantly with flow rate, (4) pulsing the air injection can improve the long-term cumulative removal efficiency, and (5) while short-term removal efficiency improves with increasing flow rate and vapor pressure, the long-term removal efficiency appears to improve with increasing solubility.
Level shifts of rubidium Rydberg states due to binary interactions

We use perturbation theory to directly calculate the van der Waals and dipole-dipole energy shifts of pairs of interacting Rb Rydberg atoms for different quantum numbers n, l, j, and m{sub j}, taking into account a large number of perturbing states. Our results can be used to identify good experimental parameters and illuminate important considerations for applications of the Rydberg-excitation blockade. We also use the results of the calculation to explain features of previous experimental data on the Rydberg-excitation blockade. To explore control methods for the blockade, we discuss energy shifts due to atom-atom interaction in an external electric field.
Voter Decision Making The Tensions of Personal Identity, Personal Ethics, and Personal Benefit

There are several models of voter decision making; however, three influential factors (personal identity, personal ethics, and personal benefit) in the decision-making process have received little scholarly attention. These factors are examined to underscore their importance to voters when making a selection for a leader. A longitudinal election scenario is used to measure the effects of these variables on the voting decisions of 143 college-aged respondents. As facts and circumstances change within the scenario, respondents are asked to indicate which candidate they support and why. In addition, a series of interval-level items are asked to measure the effect of the various factors. The rationales for voting for each candidate demonstrate how the three factors play a role in the decision-making process. Small but significant correlations are found to exist between the factors and the respondents’ voting behavior. Implications, limitations, and future research based on these findings are presented.
Cytokines and allergic diseases: clinical aspects.

In recent years there has been an explosive expansion of knowledge relating to a family of proteins involved in the intercellular communication network of the immune system. These substances, referred to as cytokines, are importantly involved in the highly regulated complex sequence of events of cellular interaction that comprise immune responses. Atopic diseases, which afflict 20-30% of the general population, are now considered to be associated with a set of abnormal genetically regulated immune responses to foreign antigens, i.e., allergens. The atopic individuals is characterized by the excessive production of IgE antibody to allergens after inhalation, ingestion, and surface contact. There are now recognized over 19 major classes of cytokines, which have been organized into the following categories according to their major functional activities: 1) Acute phase reactants, promoting and mediating natural immunity (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNF, interferons alpha and beta, and IL-8); 2) Cytokines that mediate cellular growth and differentiation (e.g., IL-7, IL-4, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13); 3) Cytokines that act as hematopoietic growth factors (IL-3, GMCSF, IL-9, IL-11, stem cell factor); 4) Chemokines (alpha and beta major groups, DTG, RANTES); and 5) Cytokines that exert lymphocyte regulatory activity (EG, IFN-gamma, TGF). Of particular importance to allergic disease is the recent recognition of the regulation of helper immune function by two lineages of T helper cells, i.e., Th1 and Th2, by these cytokines. The Th2 hypothesis of allergy (4) considers atopy as a Th2-driven hypersensitivity reaction to allergens of complex genetic and environmental origins, in which the Th1 lineage, normally driven by IL-2, TNF, and IFN-gamma is deficient, and in which a predominant Th2 response is seen that is driven by IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, and IL-10. This knowledge is finding application in both the diagnosis and therapy of allergic diseases, through the measurement or use of cytokines, which may replace deficient quantities, or the use of anticytokines, which may neutralize elevated quantities of cytokines, events that collectively contribute to the immunologic imbalance characteristic of the allergic state. In the future, the application of cytokines will continue to find clinical application in allergic disease, and it behooves the clinical allergist-immunologist to keep abreast of the exciting new developments that are occurring in this field.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF WEIERSTRASS ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS.

The sum theorem and other results of dimension theory make it possible to characterize the graphs of Weierstrass analytic functions among the subsets of C2 (the set of all ordered pairs of complex numbers) without assuming local complex parametrizations and in fact without any reference to plane topology. A complete Weierstrass function F is a set consisting of a power series and all its analytic continuations. Its graph, ϕ(F), is the set of all points (Z0,W0) such that Fincludes at least one power series \({{w}_{0}} + {{a}_{1}}(z - {{z}_{0}}) +\ldots+ {{a}_{n}}{{(z - {{z}_{0}})}^{n}} +\ldots\) of positive radius of convergence.
Andes and Prospect Hill Hantaviruses Differ in Early Induction of Interferon although Both Can Downregulate Interferon Signaling

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe respiratory disease which is thought to result from a dysregulated immune response to infection with pathogenic hantaviruses, such as Sin Nombre virus or Andes virus (ANDV). Other New World hantaviruses, such as Prospect Hill virus (PHV), have not been associated with human disease. Activation of an antiviral state and cell signaling in response to hantavirus infection were examined using human primary lung endothelial cells, the main target cell infected in HPS patients. PHV, but not ANDV, was found to induce a robust beta interferon (IFN-beta) response early after infection of primary lung endothelial cells. The level of IFN induction correlated with IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) activation, in that IRF-3 dimerization and nuclear translocation were detected in PHV but not ANDV infection. In addition, phosphorylated Stat-1/2 levels were significantly lower in the ANDV-infected cells relative to PHV. Presumably, this reflects the lower level of IRF-3 activation and initial IFN induced by ANDV relative to PHV. To determine whether, in addition, ANDV interference with IFN signaling also contributed to the low Stat-1/2 activation seen in ANDV infection, the levels of exogenous IFN-beta-induced Stat-1/2 activation detectable in uninfected versus ANDV- or PHV-infected Vero-E6 cells were examined. Surprisingly, both viruses were found to downregulate IFN-induced Stat-1/2 activation. Analysis of cells transiently expressing only ANDV or PHV glycoproteins implicated these proteins in this downregulation. In conclusion, while both viruses can interfere with IFN signaling, there is a major difference in the initial interferon induction via IRF-3 activation between ANDV and PHV in infected primary endothelial cells, and this correlates with the reported differences in pathogenicity of these viruses.
Contribution of energy continuum states to probe the absorption signal of atoms in one-dimensional optical molasses

We present a calculation of the probe absorption spectrum of atoms in a one-dimensional optical molasses formed by a pair of counterpropagating, cross-polarized fields. When the finite angle \ensuremath{\theta} between the propagation direction of a probe field and that of one of the cooling fields is taken into account, we find that, apart from the contributions to the probe absorption signal that are related to the Raman and Rayleigh resonances between the discretized atomic motional states in the molasses direction, there is also a signal arising from the recoil-induced resonances between atomic states with different center-of-mass momenta in the directions transverse to the molasses beams. The magnitudes of these different contributions are compared.
The Effect of Tension and a Longitudinal Magnetic Field on the Thermoelectro-Motive Forces in Permalloy

Measurements have been made on the combined effect of tension and a longitudinal magnetic field on the thermoelectromotive force in three specimens of permalloy. The specimens were in the form of wires, the composition being 78, 81 and 84 percent nickel with the remaining part iron. In all cases the magnetic field produces a decrease in the thermoelectromotive force. Annealing at 1000\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C increases the change of thermoelectromotive force produced by a longitudinal magnetic field. In an alloy containing 78 percent nickel tension decreases the maximal value of the change of thermoelectromotive force. In an alloy containing 81 percent nickel the maximal value of $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}$ is relatively insentitive to tension. In an alloy containing 84 percent nickel tension decreases the change of thermoelectromotive force at low magnetic fields but increases it for magnetic fields greater than about 10 gauss. In all three cases the maximal value of $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{E}$ is relatively insenitive to changes in tension beyond about 10 kg/${\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$. There is a parallelism between the change of length and change of thermo-electromotive force under the combined action of tension and a longitudinal magnetic field. In high-nickel permalloys tension decreases the intensity of magnetization for low magnetic fields but increases the magnetostrictive contraction and the change of thermoelectromotive force. In low-nickel permalloys tension increases the intensity of magnetization for low magnetic fields but decreases the magnetostrictive expansion and the change of thermoelectromotive force.
Nephrogenous cyclic AMP in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.

Summary The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, in the rat, on the excretion of nephrogenous cyclic AMP was investigated. This excretion was significantly less than that observed in control animals (P
The major promoter element of rRNA transcription in yeast lies 2 kb upstream

Abstract Conventional genetic analysis of the transcription of rDNA in yeast is precluded because the genes are highly reiterated. As an alternative strategy to determine which sequences modulate transcription of pre-rRNA, a series of artificial rRNA genes containing a fragment of DNA from E. coli bacteriophage T7 were introduced into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Correct transcription of the artificial genes was observed. Three regions of ribosomal spacer are found to affect transcription of rRNA. Sequences within 210 bp of the 5′ terminus of 35S rRNA support low levels of transcription, but at multiple initiation points. Sequences from −210 to −2230 direct correct initiation and increase somewhat the efficiency of transcription. Most striking is that sequences from −2230 to −2420 stimulate transcription 15-fold. The function of this major promoter element is absolutely orientation-dependent but relatively independent of position. Its activity is blocked when an rRNA transcription termination sequence is placed between it and the site of initiation.
Infrared speckle observations of io: an eruption in the loki region.

Speckle observations of Jupiter's satellite Io at a wavelength of 5 micrometers during July 1984 resolved the disk and showed emission from a hot spot in the Loki region. The hot spot contributed a flux approximately equal to 60 percent of that from the disk. Images reconstructed by means of the Knox-Thompson algorithm showed the spot moving across the disk as the satellite rotated. It was located at 301 deg + or - 6 deg west longitude, 10 deg + or - 6 deg north latitude, and had a radiance of (2.96 + or - 0.54) x 10 to the 22nd ergs/sec cm sr/A where A is the area of the spot. For an assumed temperature of 400 K, the area of the source would be 11,400 square kilometers. An active 'lava lake' similar to that seen by Voyager may be the source of the infrared emission.
Isolated unilateral neurogenic blepharoptosis secondary to eyelid trauma.

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe eyelid trauma as a cause of isolated neurogenic blepharoptosis. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Three previously healthy patients (two male and one female; aged 29 to 39 years) were evaluated for unilateral blepharoptosis following forceful anterior displacement of the upper eyelid. Two injuries occurred during domestic altercations and one while the patient was playing basketball RESULTS: All three patients had complete unilateral upper eyelid ptosis with no levator palpebrae superioris function, consistent with loss of innervation. Additional findings included minimal eyelid ecchymosis, eyelid edema, and subconjunctival hemorrhage in two cases. The remainder of the examinations was unremarkable with full ocular motility and no anisocoria. Without treatment, within 2 weeks, all three patients recovered completely with normal symmetric lid height and levator function. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated neurogenic blepharoptosis may result from traumatic anterior upper eyelid displacement. Resolution is likely within 2 weeks.
Serotonin release into plasma during common carotid artery thrombosis in rats.

We have tested the hypothesis that platelet-derived serotonin is released into the bloodstream during cerebrovascular thrombosis.Nonocclusive common carotid artery thrombosis was produced photochemically in 22 anesthetized adult male Wistar rats using the photosensitizing dye rose bengal and irradiation with an argon-pumped dye laser. Plasma serotonin levels were recorded before, during, and after photothrombosis by intra-arterial in vivo microdialysis with the probe placed distal to the site of thrombosis.During and immediately after the common carotid artery thrombosis, serotonin levels increased significantly to a peak value of 781 nmol/l (p less than 0.001 by analysis of variance), representing a 15-fold increase compared with baseline levels. The increased serotonin levels gradually decreased but remained significantly elevated for 90 minutes. Ultrastructural analysis of the carotid thrombi identified a dense mass of aggregated platelets at various stages of degranulation.These results are the first ...
Appendicitis in Children Treated by Pediatric Versus General Surgeons

Background Pediatric appendicitis is treated by both pediatric and general surgeons. We investigated whether specialty-dependent differences existed in patients' characteristics and outcomes. Study design A retrospective chart review of 465 consecutive children treated for appendicitis at a university-affiliated children's hospital during a 28-month period was performed. Characteristics and outcomes of patients treated by pediatric surgeons were compared with those treated by general surgeons. Rates of misdiagnosis, postoperative readmission, wound infection, intraabdominal infection, and duration of hospital stay were considered primary outcomes and analyzed by chi-square, Fisher's exact test, or Student's t-test where appropriate. Hospital charges were considered secondary outcomes and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Three hundred four children (65%) were treated by pediatric surgeons and 161 (35%) by general surgeons. Pediatric-surgeon patients were younger (8.3 ± 3.6 versus 13.2 ± 3.1 years, p Conclusions Pediatric surgeons treat younger children with more severe appendicitis. There are no specialty-dependent differences in clinical outcomes for simple or complicated appendicitis. Hospital charges are lower for simple appendicitis treated by pediatric surgeons.
Novel methodology for antiretroviral quantitation in the female genital tract.

AbstractPurpose: Challenges exist regarding antiretroviral quantitation in the female genital tract. Endocervical wicking using sterile tear flow test strips is an alternative to conventional methods due to the consistent sample volume obtained. Methods: A novel method for measuring antiretrovirals in cervicovaginal secretions using Sno-strip® wicking was developed and tested by spiking Sno-strips® with known concentrations of tenofovir, nevirapine, atazanavir, lopinavir, and ritonavir in blank cervicovaginal lavage fluid. Drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry detection. Results: Mean extraction recoveries were 91% for tenofovir, 89% for nevirapine, 63% for atazanavir, 60% for lopinavir, and 61% for ritonavir relative to controls. Freezing spiked samples for 24 hours at –80°C had no effect on recovery. Conclusions: Results suggest that the antiretrovirals tested can be efficiently extracted from Sno-strips®, although a greater p...
The effects of polyethylene glycol and the coupling agent bis-(γ-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (Si-69) on the interactions of silica-filled natural rubber

A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis using Fresnel Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) was performed on silica-filled cis-1,4-polyisoprene. Silica filler's detrimental effects on zinc-activated cure systems has been well documented. The silane coupling agent bis-(y-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (Si-69) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are industry standards used to offset the interactions caused by reaction between silica and the zinc-activated cure system. By adding PEG, it was found that the interaction peaks at 1040 and 1017 cm-1 caused by the adsorption of natural rubber (NR) onto the surface of the silica were not formed. Also, by monitoring the zinc stearate peak at 1540 cm-1, both Si-69 and PEG were found to reduce the soluble zinc ion reaction with the silica surface. Supporting evidence from the rheometer curves also shows that the additives reduce the cure retardation effects of the silica filler.
On the Universal Embedding of Dual Polar Spaces of Type Sp2n(2)

It has been conjectured by A. E. Brouwer that the dimension of the universal embedding module of a dual polar space of type Sp2n(2) is ?(n)=(2n+1)(2n?1+1)/3. Following a point stabilizer approach of A. A. Ivanov and M. K. Bardoe, we investigate the dimensions of certain quotients of permutation modules for SLn(2) on subspaces of a fixed vector space of dimension n. This is accomplished by studying the nullity of associated incidence matrices over GF(2). In the process we provide evidence of a generating set for the dual polar space of type Sp2n(2) of cardinality ?(n).
Late Cenozoic changes in atmospheric circulation deduced from North Pacific eolian sediments

Abstract Isolation and analysis of the eolian component of late Cenozoic pelagic sediments from the North Pacific provides direct information concerning changes in atmospheric circulation. A 50% increase in intensity of both the prevailing westerlies and the tradewinds coincides with increasing pole-to-equator temperature gradients resulting from the onset of northern hemisphere glaciation. At the same time, the mass flux of dust from continents to the North Pacific increased by a factor of 4.5, apparently reflecting significantly increased continental aridity associated with the late Cenozoic glacial ages.
A characterization of the erasure phenomenon in Dictyostelium

Abstract When developing Dictyostelium cultures are disaggregated, the amoebas are capable of recapitulating the morphogenetic stages they had previously progressed through in approximately 1 10 th the original time. When developing cultures are disaggregated and placed in growth medium, they lose this capacity for rapid recapitulation in a discrete step which we previously called “erasure.” In this report, several characteristics of the erasure phenomenon are analyzed, and data are presented which demonstrate that: (1) the timing and nutrient requirements of erasure change as cells progress through development; and (2) the capacity for the rapid recapitulation of different stages can be erased at different times, indicating that events which influence the recapitulation timing of different stages are dissociable. For cells derived specifically from the tight aggregate stage of morphogenesis, we have presented data which indicate that: (1) erasure depends upon a period of de novo protein synthesis which begins 30 min after cells are inoculated into nutrient medium and which extends to the moment of erasure; (2) a period of stabilization for the erasure event(s) occurs within 50 min after erasure and depends upon de novo protein synthesis; (3) inhibitors of transcription do not significantly affect the erasure time of later aggregation stages, but retard the erasure of an earlier stage; and (4) erasure occurs approximately 2 hr after the reinitiation of cell growth and several hours prior to the first synchronous cell division in complete nutrient medium. The complexity and possible nature of both the capacity to recapitulate rapidly and the erasure phenomenon are discussed in light of these observations.
Tetrahydrocannabinol, sesame oil and biogenic amines: A preliminary report

Abstract Sesame oil, a vehicle we used to solubilize tetrahydrocannabinol for chronic oral administration to mice, unexpectedly reduced norepinephrine in the brain, heart and spleen. This indicates that some solubilizing agents (at least sesame oil) may not be pharmacologically inert. Tetrahydrocannabinol significantly increased the concentration of brain serotonin without a concomitant change in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, suggesting that inhibition of monoamine oxidase had not occurred.
Effect of substrate temperature and oxygen pressure on the microstructure of thin YBa2Cu3O7-δ film deposited on MgO by pulsed-laser ablation

Abstract The microstructure of thin YBa 2 Cu 2 O 7-δ films, prepared by pulsed-laser ablation, at a range of oxygen pressures and substrate temperatures has been investigated. The thin films were deposited directly onto specially prepared, electron-transparent thin-foil substrates of (001)-oriented MgO. Independent variation of the two parameters was found to affect the microstructure of the thin film. For example, at low substrate temperatures (600°C), the film was found to consist of small ( 100 nm diam.) isolated islands. These larger islands were faceted parallel to low index planes (e.g. {100} and {110}). The differences observed in the microstructure of films grown at the two temperatures was related to the degree of mobility of the ablated species on the substrate surface.
The normal human ventricular gradient

Abstract The analysis of any diphasic ventricular complex of the electrocardiogram from the standpoint that it is produced by the summation of two monophasic curves has certain advantages. By use of this method it is shown that, other things being equal, the extent of deviation of the RS-T segment, in the absence of a ventricular gradient, or of injury effects, is determined by at least two factors: 1.1. The net area of the QRS complex. 2.2. The heart rate or, otherwise stated, the duration of the Q-T interval. The effect of a diphasic form of the initial ventricular complex is considered. The effect upon the RS-T segment of the presence of the electrical forces which give rise to the ventricular gradient is discussed from the standpoint (a) of the magnitude of the gradient in relation to the magnitude of the net QRS area; and (b) of the magnitude of the gradient as projected on a lead line in relation to the net QRS area in that lead. It is shown that the RS-T segment deviations observed in human electrocardiograms agree with the theoretical expectations. It is suggested that RS-T segment deviations of the type described be called "repolarization or regression deviations"; that those produced by injury or muscle depression and blocking be called "injury deviations"; and that the characteristic slight deviations due to the presence of a large ventricular gradient be called "gradient deviations." If it should be found that other mechanisms of segment deviations exist, other categories may be included. A few clinical applications of these observations are briefly stated.
Correlates of seasonal flu vaccination among U.S. home health aides

Abstract Introduction Home health aides (HAs) receive limited training and reach many older patient populations highly susceptible to influenza virus. We sought to examine socio-demographic correlates of seasonal flu vaccination receipt among HAs. Methods We analyzed data from the 2007 U.S. National Home Health Aide Survey, a nationally representative sample of HAs reporting on occupational status, job and demographic characteristics and receipt of seasonal flu vaccine ( n = 3377). Results Seasonal flu vaccine receipt was low among all types of HAs (43.9%). After adjustment for socio-demographic indicators (i.e. age, gender, race and health insurance), home health, home care, hospice and personal care attendants were significantly less likely to report receiving seasonal flu vaccine as compared to licensed nursing assistants (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.20–0.85]; 0.41, [0.17–0.99]; 0.50, [0.26–0.97], and 0.53, [0.26–0.99], respectively). Conclusion Targeted effective vaccination campaigns are needed to improve vaccination rates among home health aides.
Spurious scattering from discontinuously stretching grids in computational fluid dynamics

Abstract We show that spurious wave scattering occurs on a nonuniform grid where hyperbolic equations are approximated with finite differences when the function that describes grid size versus position has a discontinuous first derivative. The expression of the corresponding reflection ratio is derived, and is verified with experimental data.
RIGHT AXIS DEVIATION, CLOCKWISE QRS LOOP, AND SIGNS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR UNDERDEVELOPMENT IN A CHILD WITH COMPLETE TYPE OF PERSISTENT COMMON ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL.

Clinical data and findings at necropsy are presented on a 2-year-old girl who had persistent complete common atrioventricular canal, hypoplastic left ventricle, and obstruction to the left ventricular outflow tract. Electro-cardiographic findings were atypical of common atrioventricular canal in that right axis deviation and a clockwise inscription of the QRS loop in the frontal plane were present. Findings in this case suggest that under-development of the left ventricle should be suspected when (1) displacement of the interventricular sulcus is noted on roentgenographic examinations and (2) predominant left-to-right shunting at ventricular level is found in the absence of electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular overload.
The ontogeny and cellular distribution of estrogen receptors in normal mouse mammary gland

The appearance, epithelial and stromal cell distribution of estrogen receptors (ER) in normal mouse mammary gland were determined between 1 and 10 weeks of age using immunohistochemistry. The effect of ovariectomy and estrogen (E)-treatment on the distribution and concentration of ER-positive cells at various ages was also analyzed. These studies demonstrate that ER are present in both mammary epithelial and stromal cells before the mammary gland exhibits a proliferative response or increase in progesterone receptor concentration as a result of E-treatment. Furthermore, an analysis of E-treatment suggests that although ER are present at an early age, there may be additional factors that determine the nature and extent of E-responsiveness.
Hepatic collagen production in the rat is unaffected by methotrexate.

Methotrexate (MTX) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. However, no information exists regarding the effects of MTX on hepatic collagen metabolism. Therefore, we studied the role of MTX in hepatic collagen production in vivo in rats receiving an 8-week course of varying doses of MTX. Twenty-four hours prior to sacrifice animals received an injection of (5-3H)proline. Collagen was extracted with hot trichloroacetic acid and the protein- bound (3H)hydroxyproline was used as a measure of de novo collagen production. The hepatic collagen content was essentially the same in the control and treatment groups in spite of evidence of hepatotoxicity. Similarly, no significant differences were present among the control and MTX- treated groups in the de novo absolute collagen production. In summary, we found no evidence of increased hepatic fibrogenesis in small groups of animals after 8 weeks of treatment with MTX. Data clearly supporting the claim that MTX itself is responsible for hepatic fibrosis are lacking. 0 1986 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Comprehensive Staff Training Package for Behavioral Interventions for Children with Autism

The effectiveness of behavioral interventions for the treatment of young children with autism has been well documented in professional literature. The success of these procedures, however, depends on the fidelity of implementation and proper training of the therapist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 125-skill, comprehensive staff training package that involved a graduated sequence of teaching. In addition to changes in skills, social validity and training time were also assessed. Results indicate that correct demonstration of skills increased following training, incorrect implementation decreased, teachers rated the procedures favorably, and the total training took between 20 and 32.5 hours for over 120 skills to reach mastery criteria. A discussion of the results as well as implications for future research is also provided.
The proton affinities of the halogen acids

Abstract The proton affinities of HCl, HBr, and HI have been redetermined. The revised values, PA(HCl) = 135 ± 2 kcal mol−1, PA(HBr) = 140 ± 1 kcal mol−1 and PA(HI) = 147 ± 2 kcal mol−1, exhibit the same trend that is shown for the halogen atoms and alkyl halides. Rate constants for some of the reactions of these species are also reported. The rate constants are not in quantitative agreement with values obtained from theories of interactions of ions with polar molecules.
Examination of the International Scope of Papers Presented at the International Society for Music Education Research Commission Seminars, 1988—2006

The authors classified citations included in papers presented at 10 International Society for Music Education (ISME) biennial International Research Commission Seminars across an 18-year period (1988—2006) based on the six world regions as specified by the ISME Research Commission. Citations (N = 4,535) were examined from 238 papers presented at the 12th through 21st seminars. There were 2,250 citations from 407 journals, the most prevalent sources. Twenty-eight papers from this sample were multinational in nature, with 79% (n = 22) of these by U.S. researchers as either sole or senior authors.The main result of this study is that the researchers from around the world who were presenters at these seminars primarily cited sources within their own geographical regions. Additionally, the Journal of Research in Music Education was by far the most referenced journal throughout the entire sample.
The synthesis of soluble, substituted silane high polymers by Wurtz coupling techniques

The Wurtz-type coupling of a number of representative classes of substituted dichlorosilane monomers was investigated in considerable detail. Low temperature polymerization techniques, including ultrasonic activation, were also studied. Similarly, the effect of dipolar additives on the polymerization process was examined. The conclusions drawn from these studies provide some insight into the selection of useful polymerization conditions for the conversion of various monomer types into linear high polymers.