cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in placenta.

During the decade of the ′70’s it became obvious that placental tissues of several common laboratory species, non-human primates and humans were severely limited in terms of capacity to catalyze enzymatically the biotransformation and oanjugation of most foreign organic chemicals. Nevertheless, the exceptions to this generalization have proven to be quite interesting and potentially important from the viewpoint of the developing conceptus. As studies of placental drug biotransformation progressed, it was striking that many of the foreign substances that acted as substrates for placental nonooxygenase systems were promutagens and procarcinogens whose rates of oxygenation were markedly increased by preexposure to environmental inducing agents of the methylcholanthrene type. Examples of such substrates included benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 3’-methyl-4 monomethylaminoazobenzene (Welch, et al., 1969), N-2-fluoreriylacetamide (FAA) (Juchau, et al., 1975), 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) (Guibbert, et al., 1972), and 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) (Juchau, et al.,1978a,b). The subject has been reviewed on numerous occasions; several recent reviews appeared within the past two years (Juchau, 1980a,b; Pelkonen, et al., 1979; Juchau, 1981a,b; Chao and Juchau, 1981).
Meteorological detrending of primary and secondary pollutant concentrations: Method application and evaluation using long-term (2000–2012) data in Atlanta

Abstract The effectiveness of air pollution regulations and controls are evaluated based on measured air pollutant concentrations. Air pollution levels, however, are highly sensitive to both emissions and meteorological fluctuations. Therefore, an assessment of the change in air pollutant levels due to emissions controls must account for these meteorological fluctuations. Two empirical methods to quantify the impact of meteorology on pollutant levels are discussed and applied to the 13-year time period between 2000 and 2012 in Atlanta, GA. The methods employ Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filters and linear regressions to detrended pollutant signals into long-term, seasonal, weekly, short-term, and white-noise components. The methods differ in how changes in weekly and holiday emissions are accounted for. Both can provide meteorological adjustments on a daily basis for future use in acute health analyses. The meteorological impact on daily signals of ozone, NOx, CO, SO2, PM2.5, and PM species are quantified. Analyses show that the substantial decreases in seasonal averages of NOx and SO2 correspond with controls implemented in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Detrending allows for the impacts of some controls to be observed with averaging times of as little as 3 months. Annual average concentrations of NOx, SO2, and CO have all fallen by at least 50% since 2000. Reductions in NOx levels, however, do not lead to uniform reductions in ozone. While average detrended summer average maximum daily average 8 h ozone (MDA8h O3) levels fell by 4% (2.2 ± 2 ppb) between 2000 and 2012, winter averages have increased by 12% (3.8 ± 1.4 ppb), providing further evidence that high ozone levels are NOx-limited and lower ozone concentrations are NOx-inhibited. High ozone days (with MDA8h O3 greater than 60 ppb) decreased both in number and in magnitude over the study period.
Learning to be Marginal

This essay focuses on the ways in which schools in interwar French West Africa contributed to separating African students from their societies. It analyzes school texts and shows how they prepared students to accept an identity as "blacks" distinct from their uneducated peers who stood outside the boundaries of French society. Students were uncomfortable with these views. They were aware of the differences between themselves and unschooled Africans as well as the French. They envisioned their future on the margins of both societies, living as Europeans by day and Africans by night.
Sex Offender Reentry Courts

Recently enacted legal strategies to protect society from dangerous sex offenders generally use two very different approaches: Long-term incapacitation or outright release. The first strategy relies on harsh criminal sentences or indeterminate sexual predator commitment laws. The second relies primarily on registration and notification laws. Both strategies rely on prediction models of dangerousness. Authorities determine at a single moment the likelihood that an offender will sexually "recidivate" and then choose the appropriate type of control for an extended period. This paper reviews the problems of predicting sexual recidivism in the context of both strategies. It then proposes special sex offender reentry courts to manage the risk that sexual offenders will reoffend. Risk management allows decision makers to adjust calculations of individual risk on an ongoing basis in light of new information and to adjust the level of control. Drawing on Therapeutic Jurisprudence-a belief that legal rules, procedures, and legal roles can have positive or negative psychological impact on participants in the legal system-these courts can impose, and then adjust control over sex ofenders in the community. In a sex offender reentry court, the judge is a member of an interdisciplinary team that uses a community containment approach; the offender, as a condition for release, enters into a behavioral contract to engage in treatment and submit to periodic polygraph testing. This therapeutic jurisprudence approach creates incentives for offenders to change their behavior and attitudes, thereby reducing their recidivism risk and earning more freedom. It can also monitor compliance and manage risk more effectively.
Qualitative patterns of protein synthesis in the preimplantation mouse embryo. I. Normal pregnancy.

Abstract Qualitative patterns of protein synthesis in preimplantation mouse embryos were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. The results demonstrate that the qualitative pattern of protein synthesis in newly fertilized eggs (day 1) is very similar to the protein pattern obtained from ovulated, unfertilized eggs. By late day 1 or early day 2, most of these “maternal” proteins are no longer being synthesized by the embryo, and many new autoradiographic bands are apparent. The most intriguing aspect of this study is the observation that all major changes in the qualitative pattern of protein synthesis take place between fertilization and the four- to eight-cell stage (day 3). From early day 3 onward, the qualitative pattern of protein synthesis remains essentially unchanged. Many of the major autoradiographic bands observed in mouse embryos from the four- to eight-cell stage and onward are also observed in protein patterns obtained from blastocyst-stage rabbit embryos. The changing patterns of protein synthesis revealed in this study occur before any gross differentiation of the embryos is evident (delineation of the inner cell mass and trophoblast) and before a marked increase in the relative rate of incorporation of l -[35S]methionine takes place. However, the qualitative changes in the pattern of protein synthesis do coincide with a period of extensive fine structural differentiation.
Advanced Numerical Methods for NWP Models

Abstract : The long-term goal of this research is to construct the Navy's next-generation global numerical weather prediction (NWP) model using new numerical methods specifically designed for distributed-memory and vector computers. To distinguish it from the current Navy global atmospheric model, the navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), we shall refer to this new model as the Navy's Spectral Element Atmospheric Model (NSEAM). To take full advantage of distributed-memory computers, the spherical global domain of NSEAM is partitioned into local sub-domains, or elements, which can then be solved independently on multiple processors. The numerical methods used on these sub-domains must be not only local in nature but also high-order accurate and highly efficient. Thus, NSEAM is being constructed so that it is as accurate as the current spectral model (NOGAPS); is more efficient, thereby allowing for finer resolution forecasts; and is geometrically more flexible, thereby allowing for the use of adaptive or telescoping grids. This will allow for better coupling with mesoscale models and eventually perhaps allowing for a modeling paradigm whereby the global and mesoscale models are either unified or at least share the same numerical algorithms which facilitates their maintenance.
Acoustic environment of admiralty inlet: Broadband noise measurements

Admiralty Inlet has been selected as a potential tidal energy site. It is located near shipping lanes, is a highly variable acoustic environment, and is frequented by the endangered southern resident killer whale (SRKW). Resolving environmental impacts is the first step to receiving approval to deploy tidal turbines at Admiralty Inlet. Of particular concern is the potential for blade strike or other negative interactions between the SRKW and the tidal turbine. A variety of technologies including passive and active monitoring systems are being considered as potential tools to determine the presence of SRKW in the vicinity of the turbines. Broadband noise level measurements are critical for determining design and operational specifications of ocean energy capture technologies. Acoustic environment data at the proposed site was acquired at different depths using a cabled vertical line array (VLA) with four calibrated hydrophones. The power spectrum density of the sound pressure level (SPL) was estimated using the fast Fourier transform. This study describes the first broadband SPL measurements for this site at different depths with frequencies ranging from 10 kHz to 480 kHz in combination with other information. To understand the SPL caused by bedload transport, three different pressure sensors with temperature and conductivity were also assembled on the VLA to measure the conditions at the hydrophone deployment depth. The broadband SPL levels at frequency ranges of 3 kHz to 7 kHz as a function of depth were estimated. Only the hydrophone at an average depth of 40 m showed the strong dependence of SPL with distance from the bottom, which was possibly caused by the cobbles shifting on the seabed. Automatic Identification System data were also studied to understand the influence of ship traffic on SPL measurements.
Interference removal for random arrays: Beam decoupling approaches

Arrays of randomly positioned sensors have several advantages, including a relative independence of DI on frequency and narrow beams without spatial aliasing. They have corresponding disadvantages in that there is many beams are required to cover all angles. Certain interference cancellation techniques are described that can compensate for the lack of shading. These cancellation techniques explicitly account for the vertical multipath structure of the interference waveform.
Chirp-Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Children: A Review

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the use of the chirp stimulus to record auditory brainstem responses in the pediatric population via a traditional review. Method An electronic search of...
Stenosing tenosynovitis of the peroneus longus tendon associated with hypertrophy of the peroneal tubercle and an os peroneum. A case report.

We report the case of a patient who had calcification in an stenosing tenosynovitis of the peroneus longus tendon associated with marked hypertrophy of the peroneal tubercle and an os peroneum
Bayesian FE Model Updating in the Presence of Modeling Errors

A new likelihood function is proposed for probabilistic damage identification of civil structures that are usually modeled with many simplifying assumptions and idealizations. Data from undamaged and damaged states of the structure are used in the likelihood function and damage is identified through a Bayesian finite element (FE) model updating process. The new likelihood function does not require calibration of an initial FE model to a baseline/reference model and is based on the difference between damaged and healthy state data. It is shown that the proposed likelihood function can identify structural damage as accurately as two other types of likelihood functions frequently used in the literature. The proposed likelihood is reasonably accurate in the presence of modeling error, measurement noise and data incompleteness (number of modes and number of sensors). The performance of FE model updating for damage identification using the proposed likelihood is evaluated numerically at multiple levels of modeling errors and structural damage. The effects of modeling errors are simulated by generating identified modal parameters from a model that is different from the FE model used in the updating process. It is observed that the accuracy of damage identifications can be improved by using the identified modes that are less affected by modeling errors and by assigning optimum weights between the eigen-frequency and mode shape errors.
Correlated Non-native Species Richness of Birds, Mammals, Herptiles and Plants: Scale Effects of Area, Human Population and Native Plants

Several extrinsic factors (area, native species diversity, human population size and latitude) significantly influence the non-native species richness of plants, over several orders of magnitude. Using several data sets, I examine the role of these factors in non-native species richness of several animal groups: birds, mammals and herptiles (amphibians, reptiles). I also examine if non-native species richness is correlated among these groups. I find, in agreement with Sax [2001, Journal of Biogeography 28: 139–150], that latitude is inversely correlated with non-native species richness of many groups. Once latitude is accounted for, area, human population size and native plant species richness are shown to be important extrinsic factors influencing non-native animal species. Of these extrinsic factors, human population size and native plant species richness are the best predictors of non-native animal species richness. Area, human population size and native plant species richness are highly intercorrelated, along with non-native species richness of all taxa. Indeed a factor analysis shows that a single multivariate axis explains over half of the variation for all variables among the groups. One reason for this covariation is that humans tend to most densely occupy the most productive and diverse habitats where native plant species richness is very high. It is thus difficult to disentangle the effects of human population size and native species richness on non-native species richness. However, it seems likely that these two factors may combine to increase non-native species richness in a synergistic way: high native species richness reflects greater habitat variety available for non-native species, and dense human populations (that preferentially occupy areas rich in native species) increase non-native species importation and disturbance of local habitats.
Split beam spectrophotometer.

A single light source–single detector spectrophotometer has been constructed to record continuously transmissivity or reflectivity as a function of wavelength. This instrument is especially useful for thin film samples of small areas glued to substrates, when it is difficult to produce a similar glue layer for the reference beam. Measurements on samples 1 mm2 and smaller have been performed. Except for the simple custom-made chopper blade, commercially available components were used throughout. Through the use of reflecting optics no wavelength limitations are encountered.
Lecithin Aerosols Generated Ultrasonically above 25°C

Dl-Dipalmitoyl-alpha-lecithin, suspended in 0.15-molar sodium chloride solution by sonic cavitation at 20 kilohertz, can be aerosolized by an 800-kilohertz ultrasonic generator only at temperatures above 25 degrees C. The aerosol thus produced is exceptionally stable against evaporation even at particle radii of 0.1 to 0.6 micron; this suggests applicability to the therapy of pulmonary disorders.
Self-injurious implicit attitudes among adolescent suicide attempters versus those engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury.

BACKGROUND: Suicide is among the most important mental health issues affecting adolescents today despite much research on its detection and prevention. Beyond suicide attempts (SAs), clinicians are increasingly confronted with another, potentially related problem: non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)-defined as the deliberate destruction of body tissue without intent to die. NSSI may increase risk for making an SA by sevenfold, but many studies examining this link have involved youths engaging in both NSSI and SAs. Thus, there is a need to compare homogeneous groups of adolescents engaged in NSSI-only or SA-only, but not both, to advance what is known about each form of self-harm. The self-injurious implicit association task (SI-IAT) is a particularly important computerized behavioral task to study such adolescents because the SI-IAT provides objective behavioral data about problems for which people may lack insight or be motivated to conceal, such as SAs and NSSI. METHODS: We evaluated implicit associations with cutting and death/suicide using the computerized SI-IAT in three mutually exclusive groups: (1) adolescents who made an SA but had never engaged in NSSI (n = 47); (2) adolescents who engaged in NSSI but had never made an SA (n = 46); and (3) typically developing control (TDC) adolescents without history of psychiatric problems (n = 43). RESULTS: Nonsuicidal self-injury participants had stronger identification with cutting versus no cutting than either SA or TDC participants. Contrary to our hypothesis, NSSI participants had stronger identification with suicide/death versus life than either SA or TDC participants. CONCLUSIONS: Strong implicit attitudes towards suicide/death among adolescents with NSSI without a prior SA suggest that clinicians should not dismiss NSSI as not serious. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanism by which youths engaged in NSSI acquire these stronger identifications and make a first-time SA to develop novel treatment and prevention strategies blocking this transformation, ultimately reducing youth suicide. Language: en
Performance bounds for robust decision problems with uncertain statistics

This paper is concerned with performance bounds for binary hypothesis testing problems based on I. Independent identically distributed observations with uncertainty in the distribution. II. Discrete-time stationary Gaussian observations with spectral uncertainty. III. Continuous-time Poisson observations with uncertain rate functions. We consider uncertainty classes determined by 2-alternating (Choquet) capacities. A robust decision design based on the likelihood ratio test between the least-favorable pair of probability distributions, spectral measures, or rate functions, respectively, is derived. It is shown that for all elements in the uncertainty class this choice of the likelihood ratio guarantees the exponential convergence of the error probability (upper) bounds to zero as the number of observations (or the length of the observation interval in the continuous-time case) increases. Furthermore, the elements of the least-favorable pair are closer to each other in the sense of (directed or indirected) divergence and Chernoff distance than any other elements in the uncertainty class.
ON THE SITE OF SULFATION IN THE CHONDROCYTE

As observed autoradiographically in the cartilage of embryonic rats, radiosulfate is bound and concentrated only in vesicles of the juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus of secreting chondrocytes within 3 minutes of its presentation. From this area, vacuoles migrate peripherally and lodge in the subcortex; their sulfated contents are thence discharged via stomata to the extracellular matrix. The label, apparently often associated with microvesicles at 10 and 20 minutes, is subsequently localized in the dense contents of the larger vacuoles. Bound radiosulfate is not detectable in other organelles. It is concluded that the vesicular component of the Golgi apparatus is the actual site of sulfation. Intracellular hyaluronidase-sensitive metachromatic granules are found chiefly at the cell periphery or mantle, rarely juxtanuclear in the main Golgi zone.
Radial Glial Identity Is Promoted by Notch1 Signaling in the Murine Forebrain

In vertebrates, Notch signaling is generally thought to inhibit neural differentiation. However, whether Notch can also promote specific early cell fates in this context is unknown. We introduced activated Notch1 (NIC) into the mouse forebrain, before the onset of neurogenesis, using a retroviral vector and ultrasound imaging. During embryogenesis, NIC-infected cells became radial glia, the first specialized cell type evident in the forebrain. Thus, rather than simply inhibiting differentiation, Notch1 signaling promoted the acquisition of an early cellular phenotype. Postnatally, many NIC-infected cells became periventricular astrocytes, cells previously shown to be neural stem cells in the adult. These results suggest that Notch1 promotes radial glial identity during embryogenesis, and that radial glia may be lineally related to stem cells in the adult nervous system.
Integrated analysis identifies a class of androgen-responsive genes regulated by short combinatorial long-range mechanism facilitated by CTCF

Recently, much attention has been given to elucidate how long-range gene regulation comes into play and how histone modifications and distal transcription factor binding contribute toward this mechanism. Androgen receptor (AR), a key regulator of prostate cancer, has been shown to regulate its target genes via distal enhancers, leading to the hypothesis of global long-range gene regulation. However, despite numerous flows of newly generated data, the precise mechanism with respect to AR-mediated long-range gene regulation is still largely unknown. In this study, we carried out an integrated analysis combining several types of high-throughput data, including genome-wide distribution data of H3K4 di-methylation (H3K4me2), CCCTC binding factor (CTCF), AR and FoxA1 cistrome data as well as androgen-regulated gene expression data. We found that a subset of androgen-responsive genes was significantly enriched near AR/H3K4me2 overlapping regions and FoxA1 binding sites within the same CTCF block. Importantly, genes in this class were enriched in cancer-related pathways and were downregulated in clinical metastatic versus localized prostate cancer. Our results suggest a relatively short combinatorial long-range regulation mechanism facilitated by CTCF blocking. Under such a mechanism, H3K4me2, AR and FoxA1 within the same CTCF block combinatorially regulate a subset of distally located androgen-responsive genes involved in prostate carcinogenesis.
Real-Time Spectrum Analysis and Display of Directional Doppler Ultrasound Blood Velocity Signals

Development of a real-time system for three-dimensional display of Doppler shifted frequencies within an ultrasound flowmeter signal is described. The device is based on a fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analyzer which provides both high frequency and time resolution over a variable range of frequencies up to 40 kHz. Signal preprocessing filters unwanted low frequency artifacts due to arterial wail motion and automatically controls input gain to limit peak amplitudes while matched phase shift networks translate forward and reverse components for a directional output. A digital first moment is calculated and the display may be viewed in a continuous or freeze frame mode. Clinical applications underway have shown improved detail and accuracy in the use of ultrasound for diagnosing various vascular abnormalities.
Colorectal carcinoma: etiology, diagnosis, and screening.

Colorectal carcinoma is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. High-risk patients are those older than age 40 years with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, those with a previous history of colorectal cancer or polyps, those with inflammatory bowel disease, and African-Americans.
Parametric study of site response analysis

Abstract Analytical methods for site response analysis include many parameters that could affect earthquake ground motions and corresponding response spectra. It is important to investigate the effect of these parameters on site response analysis in order to make confident evaluations of earthquake ground motons at site. This paper presents a parametric study to investigate the effects of site parameters on earthquake ground motions. The parametric study is performed on two hypothetical soil profiles that consist of sand and clay, respectively. The site parameters investigated are the secant shear modulus, low-strain damping ratio, types of sand and clay, location of water table, and depth of bedrock. From the results of the parametric studies, it appears that the secant shear modulus, depth of bedrock, and types of sand and clay have a significant effect on the results of site response analysis. Conversely, the low-strain damping ratio and variations of water tables have only a minor influence on site response analysis.
Intermetallic Matrix Composites by Physical Vapor Deposition

The feasibility of producing layered composite sheet material, in which the matrix is the intermetallic compound TiAl, using physical vapor deposition (PVD) has been demonstrated. The PVD techniques of sputtering and electron beam evaporation were both investigated. Films were deposited by alternately sputtering from targets of composition Ti-53Al-3Nb and TiB2 or were co-deposited from separate electron beam heated hearths containing Ti and Al. In the latter case, nitrogen gas was pulsed into the deposition chamber at controlled intervals resulting in the formation of a TiAl/TiAlN layered composite. The composition of the films was determined using Auger analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and the crystal structure was checked using X-ray and electron diffraction. Cross-sections through the films were prepared for examination by transmission electron microscopy so that the layered microstructure of the films could be verified.
Chromosome instability and tumor predisposition inversely correlate with BLM protein levels.

Abstract Independent mouse models for Bloom syndrome (BS) exist, each thought to disrupt Blm gene function. However, animals bearing these alleles exhibit distinct phenotypes. Blm tm1Ches and Blm tm1Grdn homozygous mutant animals exhibit embryonic lethality while in another, Blm tm3Brd , homozygosity yields viable, fertile animals with a cancer predisposition. Further characterization reveals the Blm tm3Brd allele to be a hypomorph, producing a diminished quantity of normal mRNA and protein. The Blm tm3Brd allele produces sufficient normal protein to rescue Blm tm1Ches lethality. Evaluation of viable animals reveals an inverse correlation between the quantity of Blm protein and the level of chromosome instability and a similar genotypic relationship for tumor predisposition indicating that Blm protein is rate limiting for maintaining genomic stability and the avoidance of tumors.
MASS GAP AND VIOLATION OF DISCRETE SYMMETRIES IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY.

A Goldstone-like theorem is proved in the case of discrete symmetries: If $P$ is a discrete symmetry satisfying a symmetry-breaking condition, one has to choose between the following possibilities. (i) $P$ is described by a unitary operator. Then there cannot be a mass gap in the energy spectrum. (ii) The energy spectrum has a mass gap. Then $P$ cannot be described by a unitary operator. Actually, $P$ must have nonvanishing matrix elements between the vacuum and some physical states with nonzero energy. The above results have strong implication as far as $P$, $C$, $\mathrm{CP}$, etc. are concerned because their violation implies a symmetry-breaking condition and the above theorem applies.
Tritiated hexadecyl platelet activating factor (PAF)

We report the synthesis of the natural isomer of [3H]-lyso platelet activating factor, [3H]-lyso PAF (1-0-[9′,10′-3H2]-hexadecyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and its conversion by acetylation to [3H]-PAF(1-0-[9′,10′-3H2]-hexadecyl-2-acetylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) for use in in vitro and in vivo metabolic studies. The procedure employed allows the separation of the natural (sn-1-0-alkyl)lyso and unnatural (sn-3-0-alkyl) isomers of the PAF precursors from a racemic mixture. The natural lyso-Δ9, 10-1-0-hexadecenyl PAF was reduced with 5.0 Ci of carrier free tritium gas to afford the tritiated lyso PAF at a specific activity of 56 Ci/mmole (115 mCi/mg).
Expression and functional analysis of NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y, subunit B genes in barley

NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y, subunit B (NF-YB) comprises a multigene family in plants and has been shown to play important roles in growth, development, and response to environmental stress. In this study, five NF-YBs containing the full-length coding region were obtained from barley (Hordeum vulgare) through database sequence analysis, cloning, and sequencing. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that HvNF-YB3 and HvNF-YB1 were clustered with NF-YB2 and NF-YB3 in Arabidopsis, suggesting these NF-YBs are evolutionary and functionally related. To test this hypothesis, HvNF-YB3 and HvNF-YB1 were overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of HvNF-YB1 greatly promoted early flowering in Arabidopsis, supporting that HvNF-YB1may have conserved gene function in flowering time control as NF-YB2 and NF-YB3 in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of HvNF-YB3 in Arabidopsis had no effect on flowering time. An analysis of barley single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, however, revealed a significant association between an HvNF-YB3 SNP and heading date. While it is unknown whether HvNF-YB3 directly contributes to heading date regulation, the results implied that HvNF-YB3 may also have conserved function in flowering time (heading date in barley) control. Further studies are needed to directly verify these gene functions in barley. Barley NF-YBs showed different expression patterns associated with tissue types, developmental stages, and response to different stress treatments, suggesting that barley NF-YBs may be involved in other physiological processes.
Site-specific reactivity of nonenzymatic lysine acetylation.

Protein acetylation of lysine e-amino groups is abundant in cells, particularly within mitochondria. The contribution of enzyme-catalyzed and nonenzymatic acetylation in mitochondria remains unresolved. Here, we utilize a newly developed approach to measure site-specific, nonenzymatic acetylation rates for 90 sites in eight native purified proteins. Lysine reactivity (as second-order rate constants) with acetyl-phosphate and acetyl-CoA ranged over 3 orders of magnitude, and higher chemical reactivity tracked with likelihood of dynamic modification in vivo, providing evidence that enzyme-catalyzed acylation might not be necessary to explain the prevalence of acetylation in mitochondria. Structural analysis revealed that many highly reactive sites exist within clusters of basic residues, whereas lysines that show low reactivity are engaged in strong attractive electrostatic interactions with acidic residues. Lysine clusters are predicted to be high-affinity substrates of mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 both...
Acute dyskinesia, myoclonus, and akathisa in an adolescent male abusing quetiapine via nasal insufflation: a case study.

Background: Although the benefits of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy can be pronounced, many patients develop unwanted adverse effects including a variety of movement disorders. Compared with the traditional antipsychotics, the atypical antipsychotics have a decreased risk for associated movement disorders. Drug-induced movement disorders can occur, however, and the risk of adverse events can increase significantly when medications are abused. Case presentation: We describe the case of a 13-year-old male who presented to an emergency department with acute movement disorders after nasal insufflation of crushed quetiapine. The patient was admitted and successfully treated for neuroleptic toxicity with intravenous antihistamine pharmacotherapy. His primary care provider and psychiatrist were notified of the abuse, quetiapine was discontinued, and the patient was discharged and referred to a drug and alcohol awareness and abuse program. Conclusions: The abuse of quetiapine has unfortunately become more common. This unique case report of acute movement disorders following nasal insufflation of quetiapine highlights the need for heightened vigilance when prescribing quetiapine and for increased awareness and education regarding medication-abuse.
Imaging Through the Pupal Case of Drosophila melanogaster

The longstanding use of Drosophila as a model for cell and developmental biology has yielded an array of tools. Together, these techniques have enabled analysis of cell and developmental biology from a variety of methodological angles. Live imaging is an emerging method for observing dynamic cell processes, such as cell division or cell motility. Having isolated mutations in uncharacterized putative cell cycle proteins it became essential to observe mitosis in situ using live imaging. Most live imaging studies in Drosophila have focused on the embryonic stages that are accessible to manipulation and observation because of their small size and optical clarity. However, in these stages the cell cycle is unusual in that it lacks one or both of the gap phases. By contrast, cells of the pupal wing of Drosophila have a typical cell cycle and undergo a period of rapid mitosis spanning about 20 hr of pupal development. It is easy to identify and isolate pupae of the appropriate stage to catch mitosis in situ. Mounting intact pupae provided the best combination of tractability and durability during imaging, allowing experiments to run for several hours with minimal impact on cell and animal viability. The method allows observation of features as small as, or smaller than, fly chromosomes. Adjustment of microscope settings and the details of mounting, allowed extension of the preparation to visualize membrane dynamics of adjacent cells and fluorescently labeled proteins such as tubulin. This method works for all tested fluorescent proteins and can capture submicron scale features over a variety of time scales. While limited to the outer 20 µm of the pupa with a conventional confocal microscope, this approach to observing protein and cellular dynamics in pupal tissues in vivo may be generally useful in the study of cell and developmental biology in these tissues.
Wavelet-filter joint-transform correlation applied to the recognition of polarization-enhanced subsurface land mine patterns in highly cluttered passive imagery

Efficient recognition and clearance of subsurface land mine patterns has been one of the challenging humanitarian and military tasks. Among the several subsurface land mine patterns recognition techniques available, passive imaging techniques are more convenient, safer with good probability of recognition. There exist extensive applications where the joint-transform correlation algorithms have been used for efficient pattern recognition. However, among the several pattern recognition algorithms exist for subsurface land mines, the joint-transform correlation ones has been underrepresented. This paper presents the application of an efficient wavelet-filter joint transform correlation (WFJTC) algorithm for the recognition of passive imagery of subsurface land mines in highly cluttered scenarios, using intensity and polarization-based imagery. We further improve the recognition efficiency of the WFJTC proposing a combined optical-digital enhancement approach. Improvements will be justified using correlation performance metrics.
Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the development of diabetic retinopathy and its regulation by H-Ras.

Purpose. Diabetes activates a small molecular weight G-protein, H-Ras, in the retina and its capillary cells, and H-Ras activation is implicated in the apoptosis of retinal capillary cells. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is regulated by H-Ras, and in diabetes its activation is associated with increased vascular permeability. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of sustained activation of MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and to illustrate the mechanism through which it is upregulated in diabetes.
Calcium-dependent activation of Pyk2 by hypoxia

Abstract The Pyk2 tyrosine kinase can be activated by both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms. Exposure to moderate hypoxia (5% O 2 ) induced a rapid and persistent tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Hypoxia and KCl-depolarization increased the phosphotyrosine content of Pyk2 by twofold and fourfold, respectively. Both of these effects were abolished in the absence of extracellular calcium. There was a modest activation of MAPK in parallel with the onset of Pyk2 phosphorylation. However, there was no detectable activation of either JNK or c-src, two other known downstream targets of Pyk2. Thus, exposure to hypoxia may selectively target specific subsets of Pyk2 signalling pathways.
Light-to-current and current-to-light coupling in plasmonic system

Electron drag effect in silver film increases dramatically and changes its sign at the resonant condition of the excitation of surface plasmon polariton. Conversely, external voltage applied to the film can modulate its reflectance.
Aptitude, instruction, and individual development

Abstract Education is viewed as an aptitude development program. Common vs. individual goals with respect to aptitude and achievement are contrasted and some educational myths about aptitude are rejected. The concept of aptitude is revised to represent individual differences in personsituation interaction in learning and development. Research on cognitive and motivational aptitudes in relation to instruction is then briefly reviewed, and suggestions for a unified developmental differential approach to educational research are offered.
Antifungal wound penetration of amphotericin and voriconazole in combat-related injuries: case report

Background: Survivors of combat trauma can have long and challenging recoveries, which may be complicated by infection. Invasive fungal infections are a rare but serious complication with limited treatment options. Currently, aggressive surgical debridement is the standard of care, with antifungal agents used adjunctively with uncertain efficacy. Anecdotal evidence suggests that antifungal agents may be ineffective in the absence of surgical debridement, and studies have yet to correlate antifungal concentrations in plasma and wounds. Case presentation: Here we report the systemic pharmacokinetics and wound effluent antifungal concentrations of five wounds from two male patients, aged 28 and 30 years old who sustained combat-related blast injuries in southern Afghanistan, with proven or possible invasive fungal infection. Our data demonstrate that while voriconazole sufficiently penetrated the wound resulting in detectable effluent levels, free amphotericin B (unbound to plasma) was not present in wound effluent despite sufficient concentrations in circulating plasma. In addition, considerable between-patient and within-patient variability was observed in antifungal pharmacokinetic parameters. Conclusion: These data highlight the need for further studies evaluating wound penetration of commonly used antifungals and the role for therapeutic drug monitoring in providing optimal care for critically ill and injured war fighters.
USE OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE TO ASSESS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING

Sammary.-Historically statistical tests of significance have not permitted determination of whether the trials effect (learning) differs reliably across learners. A common statistical test, analysis of variance, can ordinarily only be used to assess whether the trials effect varies across experimental treatments. However, the learning situation can be so rearranged that reliable individual differences in learning can be statistically evaluated. The proposed arrangement is such that learning materials, rather than learner, is the randomization unit. An illustration of the use of analysis of variance to evaluate individual differences in learning, when the learning setting is rearranged, is given. The typical laboratory study of learning can be summarized as follows. Each of a group of individuals is presented the same task on a series of occasions or trials, with a test of knowledge of the task being administered after each trial. Performance for each trial is the average of the individual performances for the trial. Subsequent to averaging, a statistical test is applied to see if the trial means differ reliably. Pr'esence of a statistically significant trials effect defines learning. A practitioner in educational settings may argue that laboratory investigations of learning are of little use on the grounds that the average trials effect is not representative of the individual learner of concern. The characteristic ignoring of individual differences in learning in laboratory studies (behavior-modification research excepted) is acknowledged, although we should point out that quantitative psychologists are ordinarily aware of the problem and have techniques for dealing with it. We shall first give some reasons for the historical lack of concern with individual differences. Also we will suggest a general requirement which must be met before individual differences in learning can be statistically assessed. A description will be provided of how a learning situation can be arranged so that individual differences can be .tested for reliability with an analysis of variance test of significance. The main historical precedent for the failure to study individual differences in learning has been the implicit adoption of the nomothetic assumption. The assumption is that the average learning curve adequately describes the learning of the individual. Individual deviations from the group learning curve supposedly represent momentary fluctuations of the individual. The fluctuations are presumed to be random and independent from learner to learner. Hence, the fluctuations cancel one another to yield the average learning curve. Sidman (1960) may be consulted for arguments counter to the nomothetic assumption. The second precedent (cf. Leicht, 1972) is that statistical tests
The prosocial and aggressive driving inventory (PADI): a self-report measure of safe and unsafe driving behaviors.

Surveys of 1217 undergraduate students supported the reliability (inter-item and test–retest) and validity of the Prosocial and Aggressive Driving Inventory (PADI). Principal component analyses on the PADI items yielded two scales: Prosocial Driving (17 items) and Aggressive Driving (12 items). Prosocial Driving was associated with fewer reported traffic accidents and violations, with participants who were older and female, and with lower Boredom Susceptibility and Hostility scores, and higher scores on Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Openness, and Neuroticism. Aggressive Driving was associated with more frequent traffic violations, with female participants, and with higher scores on Competitiveness, Sensation Seeking, Hostility, and Extraversion, and lower scores on Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Openness. The theoretical and practical implications of the PADI's dual focus on safe and unsafe driving are discussed.
Reflectivity of uniaxial absorbing crystals

Equations for the reflectances of ordinary and extraordinary waves from the basal plane of strongly absorbing uniaxial crystals are extended to reflectances from planes parallel to the optic axis for configurations likely to be useful and convenient for experimentalists.
Quantitative microdeterminations with the use of ordinary analytical balances

The predictions of a preceding paper dealing with the minimum size of sample as a function of the precision of the balance used were put to a practical test. Students' balances were employed in the experiments, one with an average deviation of the single weighing of ± 0,015 mg. and another of ± 0,038 mg. Series of determinations on samples of 6 to 8 mg. and 16 to 18 mg. showed average deviations of the results from 2,4 to 4,1‰. The largest deviation actually obtained in these series amounted to 10‰ of the result, while 20‰ are foreseen in the derivation of the equations for the calculation of the minimum mass of sample. The chances for the occurrence of a deviation of 20‰ are, however, small enough so that its observation in such a small number as 41 determinations must not be expected.
The existence of non-degenerate functions on a compact differentiablem-manifoldM

Let M be a compact differentiable m-manifold of class Cm in En, n=2m+1. Let x=(x1, ..., xn) represent a point in En. The union of the direction c on the direction sphere Sn−1 in En such that the scalar product c · x defines a non-degenerate fonction on M is an open subset of Sn−1 whose complement θ has a Lebesgue measure zero on Sn−1. When M is non-compact θ can be everywhere dense on Sn−1, but still has Lebesgue measure zero.
Biblical Theology Appropriately Postmodern

We are at the end of Christian interpretive hegemony with its seemingly inevitable adjunct of supersessionism. This opens the way for fresh approaches and perhaps fresh interactions between Jewish and Christian interpretive practices that need not be, respectively, aggressive or defensive. This also allows acknowledgment that the text itself is profoundly polyvalent, that the Subject of theological interpretation is endlessly and irascibly elusive, and that every interpretive effort is local and provisional. This implies that interpreters recognize that interpretations other than my own (or of my interpretive community) may be equally appropriate, and must be taken seriously in my (our) own work.
Comparison of the Calorimetric and van't Hoff Enthalpy of Micelle Formation for a Nonionic Surfactant in H2O and D2O Solutions from 15 to 40 °C

Relative partial molar heat content curves were obtained for a nonionic surfactant, dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide, in H2O and D2O solutions from 15 to 40 °C by titration calorimetry. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) was always lower in D2O than in H2O. The enthalpy change for micelle formation was determined at 25 °C from integration of an abbreviated form of the van't Hoff equation assuming a temperature-independent aggregation number and heat capacity change to be 1.13 ± 0.14 and 1.75 ± 0.14 kcal/mol in H2O and D2O, respectively. The corresponding calorimetric values were 1.66 ± 0.03 and 2.07 ± 0.02 kcal/mol. The change in heat capacity obtained from the van't Hoff equation was −113 ± 17 cal/mol-K in H2O and −140 ± 11 cal/mol-K in D2O. The corresponding values determined from the temperature dependence of the molar enthalpy were −161 ± 2 cal/mol-K in H2O and −171 ± 2 cal/mol-K in D2O. The temperature dependence of the cmc was fairly well described in both solvents using the partial molar enthal...