cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune modulation by Coxiella burnetii: characterization of a phase I immunosuppressive complex differentially expressed among strains.

AbstractCoxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, possesses immunomodulatory activity which positively and negatively regulates host immune responses. We wish to determine the Coxiella strain differences and the chemical nature of cellular components suppressing lymphocyte responsiveness. The bacterial components responsible for the immunomodulatory activity are associated with phase I cells. In its natural state, the phase I cell-associated, immunosuppressive complex (ISC) was resistant to chemical and enzymatic treatment. The TSC was inactivated and rendered accessible by chloroform-methanol (CM) (4:1) extraction of phase I cells which produced a CM residue (CMRI) and CM extract (CME). The suppressive components in either CMRI or CME did not induce TSC activity in the host when injected separately. Reconstitution of the CMRI with CME prior to injection produced the same pathological reactions characteristic of phase I cells. The CMRI suppressive component was sensitive to alkali, acid, period...
Age and dose interval as factors in agglutinin formation to pertussis vaccine

The agglutinin response to pertussis agglutinogens in diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine was determined in human infants inoculated initially at ages four weeks to eight months. The effects of age at the time of initial dose and the interval between subsequent doses were specifically evaluated. Our findings demonstrate that optimum agglutinin production is best achieved with DTP vaccine by beginning immunization at five months of age or later followed by a second dose at eight weeks or more. Variation in the two variables, age and dose interval, decreases the likelihood of an optimum agglutinin response.
Using a digital anatomical phantom to optimize an imaging system

We seek to optimize a SPECT brain-imaging system for the task of detecting a small tumor located at random in the brain. To do so, we have created a computer model. The model includes three-dimensional, digital brain phantoms which can be quickly modified to simulate multiple patients. The phantoms are then projected geometrically through multiple pinholes. Our figure of merit is the Hotelling trace, a measure of detectability by the ideal linear observer. The Hotelling trace allows us to quantitatively measure a system's ability to perform a specific task. Because the Hotelling trace requires a large number of samples, we reduce the dimensionality of our images using Laguerre-Gauss functions as channels. To illustrate our method, we compare a system built from small high-resolution cameras to one utilizing larger, low-resolution cameras.
Phencyclidine-induced alteration in rat muscarinic cholinergic receptor regulation

Abstract A muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding profile was performed on 3 separate regions of the rat brain administration of the drug phencyclidine (10 mg/kg, twice a day) for 10 days. Binding assays were performed on homogenates of the hippocampus, striatum and cortex using the ligand [3H]QNB. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed a statistically significant decrease in the number of [3H]QNB binding sites in all phencyclidine treated animals. Binding was 22% lower in the cortex and 16% lower in the hippocampus and striatum. Phencyclidine treatment did not significantly alter the affinity of the receptor for the ligands [3H]QNB, acetylcholine or phencyclidine. This decrease in CNS muscarinic receptors could be contributing to the underlying biochemical mechanism of tolerance to the drug.
Low reheating temperature and the visible sterile neutrino.

We present here a scenario, based on a low reheating temperature ${T}_{R}\ensuremath{\ll}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ at the end of (the last episode of) inflation, in which the coupling of sterile neutrinos to active neutrinos can be as large as experimental bounds permit (thus making this neutrino ``visible'' in future experiments). In previous models this coupling was forced to be very small to prevent a cosmological overabundance of sterile neutrinos. Here the abundance depends on how low the reheating temperature is. For example, the sterile neutrino required by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector result may not have any cosmological problem within our scenario.
Equilibrium evolution in the ZaP flow Z-pinch

Investigations of sheared flow stabilization in a Z-pinch geometry have generated Z-pinch plasmas that exhibit long-lived stability during a quiescent period. Holographic interferometry measurements show a discrete pinch. Heat conduction analysis reveals a high temperature plasma. Internal magnetic fields are measured using Zeeman splitting of impurity carbon line emission. The measurements are consistent with a well-confined pinch plasma.
Spinal analgesic activity of orphanin FQ/nociceptin and its fragments

Previous work reveals that orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) administered supraspinally produces an initial hyperalgesic response followed by analgesia. Spinally, OFQ/N elicits a rapidly appearing, naltrexone-reversible, dose-dependent analgesia in the tailflick assay without any indication of hyperalgesia. Two OFQ/N fragments, OFQ/N (1-7) and OFQ/N (1-11), are active, but far weaker. Blockade of sigma receptors with haloperidol enhances the analgesic potency of spinal OFQ/N, OFQ/N (1-7) and OFQ/N (1-11), but not as dramatically as supraspinal OFQ. Antisense probes targeting the second and third coding exons, but not the first exon, of the cloned mouse OFQ/N receptor (KOR-3) partially block OFQ/N analgesia.
Experimental and Theoretical Comparison of the O K-Edge Nonresonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering and X-ray Absorption Spectra of NaReO4

Accurate X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of first row atoms, e.g., O, are notoriously difficult to obtain due to the extreme sensitivity of the measurement to surface contamination, self-absorption, and saturation affects. Herein, we describe a comprehensive approach for determining reliable O K-edge XAS data for ReO41− and provide methodology for obtaining trustworthy and quantitative data on nonconducting molecular systems, even in the presence of surface contamination. This involves comparing spectra measured by nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS), a bulk-sensitive technique that is not prone to X-ray self-absorption and provides exact peak intensities, with XAS spectra obtained by three different detection modes, namely total electron yield (TEY), fluorescence yield (FY), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). For ReO41−, TEY measurements were heavily influenced by surface contamination, while the FY and STXM data agree well with the bulk NRIXS analysis. These spectra all showed ...
Upper Atmospheric Research at the Ballistic Research Laboratories

A summary of BRL activities in upper atmosphere research is presented. From a quite modest beginning, the International Geophysical Year gave impetus to a considerable program. Results of electron content measurements in the ionosphere employing rocket borne transmitters are reported. Studies of the water vapor content of the atmosphere and the optical properties of the earth's horizon using balloon borne and rocket borne instrumentation are being made. Some comments on the use of catalytic surfaces to study recombination rates in the atmosphere are given.
Particle-like behavior

Abstract We study the field theory previously introduced by one of the authors (M. M.) by means of a finite difference approximation using a computer. We focus attention on particle-like behavior centered at an arbitrary origin. We find in the two examples under consideration that one kind of particle-like property induces other particle-like properties to also appear as a consequence of the dynamics.
Incidental Word Learning in Science Classes.

The purpose of the project was to investigate students' incidental word learning in science classes that depended on discussion and hands-on activities. In separate studies, 4th- and 8th-grade students were given pretests and posttests that assessed depth of knowledge of topical words used in a single unit. In both studies, students made significant improvement in their knowledge of topical words; knowledge of nontopical words did not improve. Students who started the unit with partial knowledge of topical words were likely to learn meanings appropriate for the unit. Depth of topical word knowledge also contributed significantly to improvement on a test of applied problems. While significant incidental word learning occurred over the science units, students with little or no understanding of topical words at the outset tended to make limited progress in both word learning and learning the ideas and information of the unit. The educational implications are potentially serious and need to be explored in further studies.
Electrocardiographic Findings in Pulmonary Emboli

Pulmonary embolism (PE) has become increasingly evident with the advent of new diagnostic testing. A large presentation spectrum can make the diagnosis and risk stratification difficult. We continue to look for useful ways to identify these patients since pulmonary emboli can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. A test of diagnostic utility is the electrocardiogram (ECG). It is reported that seventy percent of patients with PE have an abnormal ECG. We aim to evaluate the current literature on ECG changes and their utility in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of PE.
Comparison of metal and metal oxide media for phosphopeptide enrichment prior to mass spectrometric analyses.

Several affinity resins consisting of ionic metals or metal oxides were investigated for their phosphopeptide enrichment capabilities with subsequent mass spectrometric analyses. Commercially-available enrichment metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC) resins using manufacturer’s and/or published protocols were compared and evaluated for the most efficient and selective method that could be implemented as a standard enrichment procedure. From these comparative analyses, using a tryptic digest of casein proteins, it was determined that in our hands, two of the resins out-performed the others based on a variety of criteria, including the number of phosphorylation sites identified during MS analyses, the lower numbers of nonspecifically bound peptides observed, and the limits of detection. Applicability of these enrichment resins to a complex biological mixture was investigated. For this work, a mixture of avian histones was digested, subjected to titanium dioxide phosphopeptide enrichment, and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Eight phosphorylated tryptic peptides were observed following enrichment and subsequent LC/MS/MS analyses. Of note, seven of the eight phosphopeptides were not observed without titanium dioxide enrichment. From these analyses, four sites of phosphorylation were unequivocally determined, two of which have not been reported previously. Four additional phosphopeptides were observed; however, the site of phosphorylation could not be distinguished but was localized to one of two possible amino acids. These methods should aid in the investigation of proteins post-translationally modified with phosphate, especially those present at low concentrations as was demonstrated by successful enrichment at the femtomole level.
Primary amines in California coastal waters: Utilization by phytoplankton1

A new reagent, fluorescamine, provides a simple, rapid fluorometric measurement of primary amino compounds in seawater. The reagent detects as little as 0.2 r.lM (glycine equivalents) directly in 2 ml of seawater. Fluorescamine-positive primary amines in the region of Newport Bay, California, range from about 0.3 PM in nearshore waters to 14 PM in bay sediments. About half the fluorescamine-positive material in Newport Bay water can bc taken up rapidly by phytoplankton, and thus, may bc an important nitrogen source. The half not taken up probably occurs as peptides. Fluorescamine should bc invaluable for studies on microbial nutrition and cycling of organic mnttcr in aquatic
Water intake after stomach loads of NaCl in Mongolian gerbils.

Summary Sixty mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), 30 male and 30 female, were stomach loaded (2% b.w.) with either water or .9, 2, 6, 10, or 12% NaCl (wt. × vol.). Unlike male rats, male gerbils did not lose weight. Female gerbils, like female rats, did not lose weight. However, female gerbils did not increase their water intake at any concentration, whereas males increased their water intake only at the 10 and 12% levels. These data are very much unlike those for the rat (male and female) which show an increase in water intake in response to NaCl solutions above isotonicity.
Medical consensus and informed consent: the patient needs more time.

THE LANCET • Vol 362 • December 13, 2003 • www.thelancet.com 2011 79 Kemper CA, Witt MD, Keiser PH, et al. Sequencing of protease inhibitor therapy: insights from an analysis of HIV phenotypic resistance in patients failing protease inhibitors. AIDS 2001; 15: 609–15. 80 Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR Jr, Gupta P, White RM, Todd JA, Kingsley LA. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 1996; 272: 1167–70. 81 Le Moing V, Thiebaut R, Chene G, et al. Predictors of long-term increase in CD4(+) cell counts in human immunodeficiency virusinfected patients receiving a protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimen. J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 471–80. 82 Stoddart CA, Liegler TJ, Mammano F, et al. Impaired replication of protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in human thymus. Nat Med 2001; 7: 712–18. 83 Deeks SG, Hoh R, Grant RM, et al. CD4+ T cell kinetics and activation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who remain viremic despite long-term treatment with protease inhibitor-based therapy. J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 315–23. 84 Piketty C, Weiss L, Thomas F, Mohamed AS, Belec L, Kazatchkine MD. Long-term clinical outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with discordant immunologic and virologic responses to a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. J Infect Dis 2001; 183: 1328–35. 85 Grabar S, Le Moing V, Goujard C, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with HIV-1 infection according to immunologic and virologic response after 6 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133: 401–10. 86 Deeks SG, Barbour JD, Grant RM, Martin JN. Duration and predictors of CD4 T-cell gains in patients who continue combination therapy despite detectable plasma viremia. AIDS 2002; 16: 201–07. 87 Miller V, Sabin C, Hertogs K, et al. Virological and immunological effects of treatment interruptions in HIV-1 infected patients with treatment failure. AIDS 2000; 14: 2857–67. 88 Izopet J, Massip P, Souyris C, et al. Shift in HIV resistance genotype after treatment interruption and short-term antiviral effect following a new salvage regimen. AIDS 2000; 14: 2247–55. 89 Devereux HL, Youle M, Johnson MA, Loveday C. Rapid decline in detectability of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations after stopping therapy. AIDS 1999; 13: F123–27. 90 Lalezari JP, Henry K, O’Hearn M, et al. Enfuvirtide, an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, for drug-resistant HIV infection in North and South America. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2175–85.
Hydroisomerization of normal hexadecane with platinum-promoted tungstate-modified zirconia catalysts

Abstract The present work examines the activity, selectivity and long-term stability of platinum-promoted tungstate-modified zirconia (Pt/WO3/ZrO2) catalysts for the hydroisomerization of long-chain linear alkanes under relatively mild conditions, using n-hexadecane as a model compound. The preparation of catalysts is described. A trickle-bed reactor is used to compare the activities and selectivities of three Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalysts prepared by different methods and to investigate the effects of tungsten loading and of reaction conditions for hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane. A run of 93.5 h was conducted using the most highly active Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalyst which contains 0.5 wt.% well-dispersed Pt and 6.5 wt.% W. Reaction conditions were manipulated and five shutdown (feed stopped, reactor temperature lowered but H2 flow rate maintained) and restart operations were carried out. This catalyst showed high activity and stability. Considerable success has also been achieved in converting n-hexadecane to isohexadecanes for 100 h at temperatures of about 220°C and under H2 pressure as low as 160 psig (1 psig = 6.895 kPa). Our best results (highest i-C16 yield) are a 79.1 wt.% n-C16 conversion, 89.9 wt.% i-C16 selectivity and 71.1 wt.% i-C16 yield at 218°C, 160 psig H2, H2/n-C16 mole ratio = 2 and weight hour space velocity (WHSV) = 1 h−1. The Pt/WO3/ZrO2 catalyst is rugged and has properties which allow one to propose that it may attain commercial use after further study.
Young Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy Have Higher Likelihood of Left Ventricular Recovery During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Abstract Background Recovery of ventricular function during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support allowing device explantation occurs infrequently. We explored the hypothesis that certain patient profiles are more likely to exhibit LV recovery during LVAD support. Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of data from the HeartMate II bridge to transplant (BTT) and destination therapy (DT) trials was conducted, including 490 BTT, 600 DT, and 18 compassionate-use patients. Of the 1,108 patients, 20 (1.8%; 10 BTT, 10 DT) were explanted owing to LV recovery. The median age was 33 years, and 12 patients (60%) were Conclusions The results of this study suggest that LV recovery is most likely to occur in young patients (
Floratherapy as a Creative Arts Intervention With Women in a Retirement Home

Floratherapy is a creative arts technique involving the manipulation and use of flowers. It can be used to facilitate clients' awareness into inner issues, allowing them to view their life situations through a nonthreatening and often nonverbal means. This article presents one portion of a qualitative research project designed to explore the experiences of 6 women in a retirement home who participated in floratherapy group sessions. The intervention is fully explained and the lived experience of 1 woman from the study is relayed in detail.
HYBRIDIZATION OF TAMARIX RAMOSISSIMA AND T. CHINENSIS (SALTCEDARS) WITH T. APHYLLA (ATHEL) (TAMARICACEAE) IN THE SOUTHWESTERN USA DETERMINED FROM DNA SEQUENCE DATA

ABSTRACT Morphological intermediates between Tamarix ramosissima or T. chinensis (saltcedars) and T. aphylla (athel) were found recently in three locations in the southwestern USA, and were assumed to be hybrids or a previously unreported species. We sequenced chloroplast and nuclear DNA from putative parental and hybrid morphotypes and hybrid status of morphological intermediates was supported. Chloroplast data suggest that the seed source for these hybrids is T. aphylla. Invasive T. aphylla genotypes found in Australia match those found in the USA. Seed was collected from one of the hybrids, and a low percentage of it was viable. This hybrid combination has not been previously reported in the USA or the native ranges of the species. Although populations of this novel Tamarix hybrid appear to be uncommon at present, both parental species are considered invasive (saltcedars in North America; athel in Australia), and it is possible that more aggressive hybrid genotypes could be produced. Therefore, natural...
Forensic medical evaluations of child maltreatment: a proposed research agenda

Physicians play an important role in the forensic evaluation of suspected child abuse and neglect. There has been considerable progress in the medical field, helping distinguish findings related to maltreatment from other conditions or circumstances. Nevertheless, important questions remain. This article covers several of these questions and proposes a research agenda concerning five main topics: sexual abuse, neglect, fractures, abusive head trauma, and physicians work in interdisciplinary settings. The suggestions are hardly inclusive, but offer suggestions the authors think are priorities, and ones that research could reasonably address. By providing some background to gaps in our knowledge, this paper should be of interest to a broader audience than just medical professionals.
Aberrant methylation of secreted frizzled‐related protein genes in esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus

Hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) genes frequently occurs with several cancers but has not been studied in esophageal adenocarcinoma or its precursor-Barrett's esophagus. To explore the role of SFRP methylation in the neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus and to evaluate methylated SFRP genes as biomarkers for Barrett's esophagus and cancer, methylation of SFRP genes was determined in esophageal adenocarcinomas, Barrett's esophagus and normal epithelia using methylation-specific PCR. Protein expression of SFRP genes was then assessed in these tissues by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of SFRP genes was quantified by real-time reverse-transcription PCR in esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines with and without demethylation by 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine and inhibition of deacetylation by trichostatin A treatment. Hypermethylation of SFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 was detected in 93%, 83%, 73% and 85% of 40 cancers; 81%, 89%, 78% and 73% of 37 Barrett's epithelia; 25%, 64%, 32% and 21% of 28 adjacent normal epithelia from Barrett's patients; and 10%, 67%, 0% and 13% of 30 normal esophagogastric epithelia from healthy individuals, respectively (p < 0.001 for SFRP1, 4 and 5; p < 0.05 for SFRP2). Protein expression of SFRP1, 2 and 4 was downregulated in 87%, 67% and 90% of cancers, and expression correlated inversely with grade and stage of cancers and with grade of dysplasia. Expression of SFRP2 and SFRP4 proteins was lower in cancers with corresponding gene methylation (p < 0.05). Demethylation treatment effectively re-expressed SFRP mRNA in cancer cell lines. Thus, hypermethylation of SFRP genes is a common early event in the evolution of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and methylation of SFRP1, 4 and 5 might serve as biomarkers for Barrett's neoplasia. Aberrant promoter methylation appears to functionally silence SFRP gene expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Efficient OLAP with UDFs

Since the early 1990s, On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) has been a well studied research topic that has focused on implementation outside the database, either with OLAP servers or entirely within the client computers. Our approach involves the computation and storage of OLAP cubes using User-Defined Functions (UDF) with a database management system. UDFs offer users a chance to write their own code that can then called like any other standard SQL function. By generating OLAP cubes within a UDF, we are able to create the entire lattice in main memory. The UDF also allows the user to assert more control over the actual generation process than when using standard OLAP functions such as the CUBE operator. We introduce a data structure that can not only efficiently create an OLAP lattice in main memory, but also be adapted to generate association rule itemsets with minimal change. We experimentally show that the UDF approach is more efficient than SQL using one real dataset and a synthetic dataset. Also, we present several experiments showing that generating association rule itemsets using the UDF approach is comparable to a SQL approach. In this paper, we show that techniques such as OLAP and association rules can be efficiently pushed into the UDF, and has better performance, in most cases, compared to standard SQL functions.
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Thermally Latent Initiators for Polymerization of Epoxy Resins

Latent curing agents are designed to remain inactive at ambient conditions and to undergo controlled reaction upon exposure to external stimuli, such as elevated temperature or radiation that leads to cure of the resin. The desired inertness increases storage and handling capabilities. Latent curatives have been developed using a variety of hardeners in either multicomponent or one-pot formulations. In particular, the initiation and polymerization of epoxy resins are of commercial interest due to the great versatility in application of these systems. They are used in adhesives, insulation materials, paints, and fiber reinforced composites. Some examples of thermally initiated curing agents are based on nitrogen (amines, imidazole), anhydrides, phenolic derivatives, and metal complexes. Onepot epoxy formulations typically use imidazole or dicyandiamide (Dicy) and exhibit complex initiation and propagation reaction schemes. Dicy is thermally latent because it is a solid at room temperature but melts and dissolves into the epoxy resin at elevated temperatures to initiate polymerization. This need for a phase transformation results in practical drawbacks during manufacture and processing, such as difficulty dispersing the curing agent and inhomogeneous cure. A miscible liquid initiator with a similar range of latent properties would solve these problems and provide significantly improved systems. Ionic liquids (ILs) have melting points below room temperature, low viscosities, and highly tunable physicochemical properties showing promise in several polymers such as in separation membranes, as solvents, lubricants, porogens or novel composite membranes. There is one communication in the literature wherein the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate has been shown to harden epoxies. However, the degree to which reaction occurs, the mechanism of reaction and resulting mechanical properties remain unclear, and initiation might be through a mechanism similar to BF3 · amine complexes. The following report demonstrates that, out of many ionic liquids tested (see Supporting Information), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim]N(CN)2) not only can be used to initiate polymerizations of epoxy resins but also can be used in formulations which exhibit excellent miscibility and long-term room temperature latency, in addition to producing a cross-linked structure with good thermomechanical properties once cured.
Effects of social demands on generalized imitation learning in retarded children

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of social-setting characteristics in the acquisition and maintenance of generalized imitative behavior. A total of 50 imitative moderately retarded children were each assigned to 1 of 5 treatment conditions. The groups were matched with respect to each S's pretreatment imitative level. It was found that the degree of social demand to imitate differentially contributes to the occurrence of generalized imitative behavior. These findings are discussed in terms of recent explanations of the occurrence of generalized imitation learning and Zigler's position concerning the problem-solving style of retarded children.
Detection of the carbon chain negative ion C8H- in TMC-1

The negative molecular ion C8H- has been detected in the Galactic molecular source TMC-1. Four rotational transitions have been observed in the centimeter-wave band with the NRAO 100 m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) at precisely the frequencies calculated from the recent laboratory spectroscopy of this large carbon chain anion. C8H- is about 5% as abundant as C8H, or somewhat more than C6H- relative to C6H (1.6%). Improved values of the column densities of C6H- and C6H, and an upper limit for the abundance of the smaller carbon chain C4H- of 0.014% with respect to C4H, have also been determined.
Diffusion in a dynamically disordered continuum

Abstract An approximate treatment is given of diffusion in a medium where the local diffusion coefficient fluctuates both in space and in time. The resulting effective diffusion coefficient depends on a correlation length and a relaxation time characterizing the fluctuating diffusion coefficient, and on the probability that a fluctuation will occur.
Dietary potassium effects on lithium concentration and toxicity in hamsters.

Lithium can be toxic in rodents and human patients at concentrations within the therapeutic range for treatment of affective disorders. Diet containing supplemental potassium reduced lithium-induced weight loss in hamsters following daily injections of 3 mmol LiCl/kg for 7–10 days. Potassium supplementation also decreased lithium concentrations in peripheral tissues, but not in brain, after repeated lithium administration. Repeated lithium injection lowered the concentration of potassium in peripheral tissues, but tissue potassium was not restored by dietary potassium supplementation. Toxic effects of single injections of 1–10 mmol LiCl/kg were unaffected by dietary potassium. Lithium concentrations in plasma, brain, or peripheral tissues 6-hr after injection of 5 mmol LiCl/kg were also not altered by potassium diet. These data suggest that interactions between lithium and potassium diet differ in peripheral tissues compared to the central nervous system, and after acute versus chronic lithium administration.
Imbalance response of a rotor supported on flexure pivot tilting pad journal bearings in series with integral squeeze film dampers

Measurements of the imbalance responses of a massive 45 kg rotor supported on series (flexure pivot) tilting pad bearings and integral squeeze film dampers (SFDs) are presented. The rotor-bearing configuration is of interest in compressor applications where often oil lubricated dampers are introduced in series with fluid film bearings to relocate critical speeds, enhance the overall system damping, and reduce the risks of rotordynamic instabilities due to seals and impellers, for example. Coast-down experiments from 9000 rpm are conducted for increasing levels of rotor imbalance, and equivalent system damping coefficients identified from the peak amplitude of rotor response while traversing cylindrical mode critical speeds. The tests performed with locked (inactive) and active SFDs demonstrate the effectiveness of the flexible damped support in reducing the system critical speed and improving the overall rotor response with reduced transmitted forces to ground. The SFDs allow safe rotor operation with values of imbalance twice as large as the maximum sustained by the rotor supported on tilting pad bearings alone. The experiments reveal a linear relationship between the peak amplitude of vibration at the critical speeds and the imbalance displacement, even for rotor motions larger than 50% of the tilting pad bearing and damper clearances. The tests also show little cross-coupling effects with the shaft centerline moving along a nearly vertical path. The rotor-bearing system remained stable in the entire range of operation and without the appearance of subsynchronous vibration or nonlinear damper jump response.
Modes of modifier action in E. coli aspartate transcarbamylase.

Abstract The observed patterns for inhibition by CTP and succinate of equilibrium exchange kinetics with native aspartate transcarbamylase (E. coli) are consistent with an ordered substrate-binding system in which aspartate binds after carbamyl phosphate, and phosphate is released after carbamyl aspartate. ATP selectively stimulates Asp carbamyl-Asp exchange, but not carbamyl phosphate Pi. Initial velocity studies at 5 °, 15 °, and 35 °C were carried out, using modifiers as perturbants of the system. Modifiers alter the Hill n and S0.5 for aspartate, most markedly at 15 °C but less so at the other temperatures. ATP does increase V under saturating substrate conditions, and substrate inhibition is observed for aspartate. ATP does not make the Hill n = 1 at any temperature. It is proposed that CTP and ATP act by separate mechanisms, not by simply perturbing in opposite directions the equilibrium for aspartate binding. ATP appears to act to increase the rate of aspartate association and dissociation, whereas CTP induces an intramolecular competitive effect in the protein.
Optical fiber bundle coupling errors in Raman spectra: correction via data processing

Light can be coupled into imaging spectrographs through the use of fiber-optic bundles. Ideally, the collected spectra from adjacent optical fibers should be resolved and independent. However, this assumption breaks down if a partial overlap of adjacent fibers on the detector CCD results from either diffraction or uncorrected monochromatic aberrations. In addition, spectral mixing can be caused by optical cross-talk among tightly packed fibers, particularly if the fiber-optic buffer has been removed in order to use the CCD area more efficiently and increase the linear fiber packing density. These coupling effects can become sources of systematic error, especially when fiber bundles are used for imaging or when branches of a multi-leg fiber array are interrogating different samples. Coupling errors can mix spectra from different spatial regions of the sample. In this paper, the mixing in fiber bundles will be assessed, and mathematical methods to resolve overlapped signals and correct for signal mixing will be discussed. Using data processing to correct for optical coupling errors, instead of physically changing the spacing between fibers in the bundle, allows for the efficient use of the limited spectrograph detector area by having a larger number of fibers.
A transposon for green fluorescent protein transcriptional fusions: application for bacterial transport experiments.

Abstract The movement of bacteria through groundwater is a poorly understood process. Factors such as soil porosity and mineralogy, heterogeneity of soil particle size, and response of the bacteria to their environment contribute to the pattern of bacterial flow. The identification of transported bacteria is often a limiting factor in both laboratory and field transport experiments. Two bacterial strains were modified for use in bacterial transport experiments: a strain of Escherichia coli harboring the pGFP plasmid and a strain of Pseudomonas putida modified with a Tn5 derivative, Tn5GFP1. The Tn5GFP1 transposon incorporates the gene (gfp) encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and can be used to mutagenize Gram - bacteria. Fluorescent colonies were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a concentration of approx. 10 9 bacteria/ml. A 10-cm glass column packed with quartz sand (diameter range 177–250 μm) was equilibrated with PBS prior to the forced flow introduction of the bacteria. Collected fractions were analyzed and the bacteria quantitated using a fluorescence spectrometer. Results demonstrate that the bacteria can be accurately tracked using their fluorescence, and that the intensity of the signal can be used to determine a C/Co ratio for the transported bacteria. The data show a rapid breakthrough of the bacteria followed by a characteristic curve pattern. A lower limit of detection of 10 5 cells was estimated based on these experiments. The Tn5GFP1 transposon should become a valuable tool for labeling bacteria.
Extensions to SNOBOL4 in the SNOBAT implementation

SNOBAT is a batch processor for the SNOBOL4 language, developed by the author for the IBM 360. The latest version of SNOBAT, Version 1.9, was released in June, 1976.SNOBAT incorporates a number of extensions to the standard version of SNOBOL4, as set forth by Griswold, Poage, and Polonsky (1). These extensions are described here, and the motivations for their inclusion in SNOBAT are discussed. Some of them are original with the author and his associates, to the best of his knowledge, while some were first suggested by others, as noted. A detailed exposition of SNOBAT extensions to SNOBOL4 appears in the SNOBAT 1.9 Manual (2).
SECTION OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES: FREE RADICALS IN IRRADIATED NYLON*

Low crystallinity nylon 6-filaments were gamma irradiated. The behavior of the free radicals produced was then folloed under varying conditions of time and storage environment. From the results it was interpreted that the irradiation is capable of producing radicals by a random bond rupture, but these radicals are not fixed at their initial site of formation. They are capable of migration along the polymer chain by a process of hydrogen atom transfer but are stabilized or localized to some degree in the vicinity of the amide group because of resonance considerations. Observations of a five-peak spectra are also discussed. (P.C.H.)
Mode-coupling stabilization of the dissipative trapped-electron instability

The non-linear theory of one-dimensional mode-coupling stabilization for the dissipative trapped-electron instability is presented. This non-linear process couples unstable modes at low wave number to damped waves at high wave number. The regions of parameter space in which this process is applicable are carefully specified and the saturated wave spectra and anomalous transport coefficients are calculated numerically for a range of parameters of interest for large tokamak operation. The transport coefficients calculated are appreciably smaller than the usual γ/k2 estimates in moderate- and high-temperature regimes.
FROM THE WAR ON POVERTY TO WELFARE REFORM: HOW THE AMERICAN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CAUSES OF POVERTY CHANGED

The American understanding of the causes of poverty has changed significantly since the War on Poverty was launched in 1964. It was then commonly believed that jobs were unavailable to the poor and that poverty should be reduced by doles. Today most observers contend that jobs are available for the poor, and that poverty stems from self-defeating behaviours that doles exacerbate.
EFFECTS OF LOW NITROGEN LEVELS AND VARIOUS NITROGEN SOURCES ON GROWTH AND WHORL DEVELOPMENT IN ACETABULARIA (CHLOROPHYTA)1

SUMMARY Nitrate, ammonia, urea, and glycine were compared as nitrogen sources for Acetabularia mediterranea. Cells grew normally in media containing nitrate or urea, while cells did not grow at all when the same amount of N was supplied as ammonium ion. The utilization of glycine remains questionable. Cells in medium without added N (NDM) increased in length and some formed reproductive caps. The whorls of vegetative cells showed considerable hypertrophy in NDM and in glycine. This hypertrophy was due to the elongation of only the first-(a1) and second- (a2) order articles. When cut, the basal portion of cells without added N regenerated new apices with whorls. The development of these whorls was inversely proportional to the NO2 concentration. Analyses showed that the intracellular nitrogen pool in young cells and regenerating bases was very small, about 1/10 of that of fully grown cells. Therefore we suggest that trace amounts of N contaminants in the medium supported growth and development, the uptake of which was facilitated by the hypertrophied whorls, under N-limited conditions.
Spoilage of foods monitored by native fluorescence spectroscopy with selective excitation wavelength

The modern food processing and storage environments require the real-time monitoring and rapid microbiological testing. Optical spectroscopy with selective excitation wavelengths can be the basis of a novel, rapid, reagent less, noncontact and non-destructive technique for monitoring the food spoilage. The native fluorescence spectra of muscle foods stored at 2-4°C (in refrigerator) and 20-24°C (in room temperature) were measured as a function of time with a selective excitation wavelength of 340nm. The contributions of the principal molecular components to the native fluorescence spectra of meat were measured spectra of each fluorophore: collagen, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and flavin. The responsible components were extracted using a method namely Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least-Squares (MCR-ALS). The native fluorescence combined with MCR-ALS can be used directly on the surface of meat to produce biochemically interpretable “fingerprints”, which reflects the microbial spoilage of foods involved with the metabolic processes. The results show that with time elapse, the emission from NADH in meat stored at 24°C increases much faster than that at 4°C. This is because multiplying of microorganisms and catabolism are accompanied by the generation of NADH. This study presents changes of relative content of NADH may be used as criterion for detection of spoilage degree of meat using native fluorescence spectroscopy.
Cationic polymerization with boron halides. III. BCl3 coinitiator for olefin polymerization

The polymerization of isobutylene with BF3, BCl3, and BBr3 coinitiators has been investigated. The polymerization with BCl3 requires the presence of a cationogen, e.g., H2O. The presence of a polar solvent is also necessary. Surprisingly, large quantities of polar solvent are required for effective polymerization. To obtain high conversions, the mixing sequence of the reagents is critical: BCI3 must be added last to charges containing the monomer and H2O in a polar solvent. Ultimate conversions increase by decreasing the temperature. Kinetic termination exists. Experiments with BF3 and BBr3 revealed that polymerizations induced with BF3 proceed in nonpolar and/or polar media. Polymerization stops with BF3 at less than complete conversion (termination exists). In contrast to findings with BCl3, polymer yields with BF3 increase with increasing temperatures. BBr3 is a very inefficient coinitiator, even in the presence of polar solvent, over the −10 to −90°C temperature range. A hypothesis which explains these observations has been developed.
The influence of ethical climate on marketing employees' job attitudes and behaviors

Abstract In this study, two data sets were used to test the validity of the Babin, Boles, and Robin (Babin BJ, Boles JS, Robin DP. Representing the perceived ethical work climate among marketing employees. J Acad Mark Sci 2000;28(3):345–358.) measure of ethical work climate and its relationship with role stress, pay satisfaction, supervisor satisfaction, organizational commitment, performance, and turnover. The results indicated that ethical work climate is a multidimensional construct and that its dimensions influence marketing employees' job attitudes and job behaviors. Facets of job satisfaction and organizational commitment mediated the relationship between ethical work climate and turnover intentions and turnover.
Prediction of Long Term Mortality after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Older Adults: Results from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry

Background—The purpose of this study was to develop a long-term model to predict mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in both patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and those with more stable coronary disease. Methods and Results—The American College of Cardiology Foundation CathPCI Registry data were linked to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 100% denominator file by probabilistic matching. Preprocedure demographic and clinical variables from the CathPCI Registry were used to predict the probability of death over 3 years as recorded in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services database. Between 2004 and 2007, 343 466 patients (66%) of 518 195 patients aged ≥65 years undergoing first percutaneous coronary intervention in the CathPCI Registry were successfully linked to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data. This study population was randomly divided into 60% derivation and 40% validation cohorts. Median follow-up was 15 months, with mortality of...
P01-270 - Aripiprazole in adolescents with intellectual disabilities and schizophrenia: A case report

Introduction Aripiprazole has been shown to be effective in children and adolescents with Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and few adverse effects have been reported. However, little is known about the effectiveness of aripiprazole in the treatment of pediatric patients with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Schizophrenia. Aims and objectives To expand our knowledge on the use of aripiprazole in treating adolescents with ID for Schizophrenia. Methods Using a retrospective review, one female and one male adolescent inpatient (11.5 and 14 years old; Wechsler Scale of Intelligence full intelligence quotient equal to 61 and 38, respectively) with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia received aripiprazole 15 mg/day and were monitored for six weeks. The primary outcome was the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) from baseline to endpoint. Results There was a significant reduction in the overall PANSS score in both adolescents with a marked decrease in negative symptoms (blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, poor rapport, passive/ apathetic social withdrawal, difficulty in abstract thinking, lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation, and stereotyped thinking). Among symptoms of general psychopathology, guilt feelings, motor retardation and poor attention were mostly improved. In both cases, positive and negative subscales showed significant reductions after week four. Female inpatient's weight increased from 49.5 Kg to 50 kg, while male inpatient's weight remained stable (75 kg) during monitoring. No other side effect (e.g. Q-T-corrected interval alterations, hyperprolactinemia, extrapyramidal symptoms) was developed. Conclusions Aripiprazole could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for adolescents with ID and Schizophrenia, especially when negative symptoms are of major concern.
Aerostat communication design

In this paper, we describe the current stage of our design for a large-scale aerostat communication system and the future developments we anticipate. Aerostats provide many benefits that are not offered by other means. To take full advantage of these benefits, data must be streamed to a ground station at a very high rate. We have proposed a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system with a phased array at the receiving end to fulfill this requirement. The phased array uses beam-forming to allow for individual transmitting elements to be resolved. Our current design and results are given, along with an analysis. In addition, we describe a scaled test-bed we have planned using Wireless Open-Access Research Platforms (WARP) from Rice University.
An Evaluation of Three Representative Multimedia Models Used to Support Cleanup Decision‐Making at Hazardous, Mixed, and Radioactive Waste Sites

The decision process involved in cleaning sites contaminated with hazardous, mixed, and radioactive materials is supported often by results obtained from computer models. These results provide limits within which a decision-maker can judge the importance of individual transport and fate processes, and the likely outcome of alternative cleanup strategies. The transport of hazardous materials may occur predominately through one particular pathway but, more often, actual or potential transport must be evaluated across several pathways and media. Multimedia models are designed to simulate the transport of contaminants from a source to a receptor through more than one environmental pathway. Three such multimedia models are reviewed here: MEPAS, MMSOILS, and PRESTO-EPA-CPG. The reviews are based on documentation provided with the software, on published reviews, on personal interviews with the model developers, and on model summaries extracted from computer databases and expert systems. The three models are reviewed within the context of specific media components: air, surface water, ground water, and food chain. Additional sections evaluate the way that these three models calculate human exposure and dose and how they report uncertainty. Special emphasis is placed on how each model handles radionuclide transport within specific media. For the purpose of simulating the transport,more » fate and effects of radioactive contaminants through more than one pathway, both MEPAS and PRESTO-EPA-CPG are adequate for screening studies; MMSOILS only handles nonradioactive substances and must be modified before it can be used in these same applications. Of the three models, MEPAS is the most versatile, especially if the user needs to model the transport, fate, and effects of hazardous and radioactive contaminants. 44 refs., 2 tabs.« less