cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A computer-assisted method to retrieve information about blood donors

Abstract Blood centers or blood banks need information from their donor files sorted by a variety of attributes, such as blood group or type, location of donor, emergency availability, etc. A system is described which produces reports specifically of the file of blood donors. The system searches a file by one or more of selected donor characteristics, including blood type, donor name, donor age, donor location and time since last donation, and a conveniently formatted report is printed of the donors with the pre-selected characteristics. The information retrieval system is capable of expansion to store information from a large number of donors, and it is economical. However, the format of the output reports is inconvenient, the search must be performed by someone familiar with the system, and access is required to a computer capable of running these programs. Based on this study and evaluation of its results, a set of specifications was developed for a donor information retrieval system.
Trends and managerial tools in technology standards development

This paper presents a general overview of technology standards development and their ramifications to technology management. It is well established that technology standards foster ecosystems which in turn facilitate opportunities for innovation and product differentiation. How and why are such technology ecosystems created in the first place? What are the rules that govern the various forms of standards development organizations? Can participants protect their intellectual properties while sharing knowledge and expertise with would-be competitors to enable an interoperable pool of technologies and products? After a survey of the present state of technology standards development and a thorough analysis of a case study, we will turn our attention to several emerging trends that portend of disruptions in this equilibrium. Some of these trends include the new dynamics of competition and collaboration in standards development consortia, the tensions between different approaches in technology domains such as computing, consumer electronics and communications, the rising influence of regulations that inform technology standards development and, last but not least, the impact of developing economies as a consequence of globalization.
The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for a Monocyclic β-Lactam Antibiotic, Nocardicin A

The monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic nocardicin A is related structurally and biologically to the bicyclic β-lactams comprised of penicillins/cephalosporins, clavams, and carbapenems. Biosynthetic gene clusters are known for each of the latter, but not for monocyclic β-lactams. A previously cloned gene encoding an enzyme specific to the biosynthetic pathway was used to isolate the nocardicin A cluster from Nocardia uniformis. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 14 open reading frames involved in antibiotic production, resistance, and export. Among these are a two-protein nonribosomal peptide synthetase system, p-hydroxyphenylglycine biosynthetic genes, an S-adenosylmethionine-dependent 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl transferase (Nat), and a cytochrome P450. Gene disruption mutants of Nat, as well as an activation domain of the NRPS system, led to loss of nocardicin A formation. Several enzymes involved in antibiotic biosynthesis were heterologously overproduced, and biochemical characterization confirmed their proposed activities.
Maximum Likelihood Fitting of ARMA Models to Time Series With Missing Observations

The method of calculating the exact likelihood function of a stationary autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series based on Akaike's Markovian representation and using Kalman recursive estimation is reviewed. This state space approach involves matrices and vectors with dimensions equal to Max (p, q + 1) where p is the order of the autoregression and q is the order of the moving average, rather than matrices with dimensions equal to the number of observations. A key to the calculation of the exact likelihood function is the proper calculation of the initial state covariance matrix. The inclusion of observational error into the model is discussed as is the extension to missing observations. The use of a nonlinear optimization program gives the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters and allows for model identification based on Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). An example is presented fitting models to western United States drought data.
Cyclic Peptide Helices: A Hybrid β-Hairpin/β-Helical Supersecondary Structure

This communication describes the design and characterization of a new peptide motif that is a hybrid of β-hairpin and β-helical structures. This motif was supported by CD and IR spectrocopies in nonpolar organic solvents and was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and structure calculations using NMR-derived restraints. The β-hairpin/β-helical motif represents a potentially attractive new structural template for a variety of possible applications in biomolecular design, such as ligands for macromolecular targets and building blocks for new protein architectures.
The evolutionary development of morality as an effect of dominance behavior and conflict interference

Morality may be defined as the problem solving activities of a moral community, a primary group which uses a wide range of sanctions directly to reduce conflict, which also sanctions perceived causes of conflict, and defines and controls other deviances judged to be antisocial. So defined, morality is a precondition for law. In comparing human with non-human primates, conflict management is one of the most impressive parallels. This empirical parallel is built upon, to construct an evolutionary scenario for the development of morality and law in their proto-forms.
Pleuropulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

Ces manifestations sont diverses: infections des poumons et de la plevre, pleuresie, pneumopathie interstitielle, nodules pulmonaires et vascularite
Surface spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic phase

We have analyzed the static and dynamic properties of the surface spin fluctuations (SSF) within a Ginzburg-Landau-type theory for the paramagnetic phase. We have limited ourselves to only the quadratic terms in the fluctuations from mean-field value and have derived the generalized-susceptibility, contribution to the specific heat due to the surface and the friction coefficient $\ensuremath{\eta}$ that determines the viscous part of the Brownian motion of a spin of mass $M$ at the surface. We find that the specific heat due to SSF is divergent as ${(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ when the surface contribution to the free energy is positive and ${(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{s})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ when the surface contribution is negative. ${T}_{s}$ is the ordering temperature for surface spins such that ${T}_{s}g{T}_{c}$. Away from ${T}_{c}$, the time scale of relaxation to equilibrium is governed by the bulk relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}$, but at ${T}_{c}$, when $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is divergent, for positive surface energy the spins relax with a ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{2}}$ law. For motion perpendicular to the surface ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{\mathrm{zz}}$ has a cusp at ${T}_{c}$ for a positive surface-energy term and diverges as ${(T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{s})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ when it is negative. In contrast, for surface diffusion ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{11}$ is finite at ${T}_{c}$ and decays linearly for positive surface energy. It has a logarithmic divergence at ${T}_{s}$ for negative surface energy.
A semi-numerical method for elastic wave scattering calculations

This paper is concerned with the calculation of elastic wavefields in strongly heterogeneous media containing scatterers of arbitrary shape and size. A hybrid method is described in which the elastodynamic field within a finite region enclosing the scatterers is modelled by finite elements while the field away from this region is represented by means of a suitable set of wave functions. Application of a variational principle and the continuity conditions at the interface between the two regions lead to a system of linear equations that is solved by standard techniques. The hybrid method extends the applicability of the finite element method to wave propagation problems in unbounded media by rigorously modelling the radiation field. The method is used to calculate the elastodynamic field in a plate of finite thickness and infinite lateral dimensions containing geometric discontinuities.
Determination of deuterated methanes for use as atmospheric tracers

Abstract The deuterated methanes, 13CD4 and 12CD4, are useful as tracers for long-range (>500 km) atmospheric transport. They are easily synthesized and released. Sampling is accomplished by collecting about 330 l of air and chromatographically separating the methane fraction, which is then analyzed by mass spectrometry for the 13 CD 4 12 CH 4 and 12 CD 4 12 CH 4 ratios. Detection limits in air are about 7 × 10−16 STP mol m−3 for 13CD4 and 2 × 10−15 STP mol m−3 for 12CD4.
The Structured Interview: Reducing Biases Toward Job Applicants with Physical Disabilities

Research shows that the traditional job interview is a poor indication of a candidate's potential. However, when employers structure the interview process, they are more effective at predicting success, forming consistent evaluations, and reducing discrimination. The current study tested whether the structured interview also serves to reduce biases involved in interviewing applicants who have a physical disability. In the non-structured interview, results showed that there was a leniency bias, where raters evaluated disabled candidates more positively than equally qualified non-disabled candidates. Structured interviews reduced this effect. These findings add to the support for the structured interview as a way of increasing fairness in employee selection.
You are so beautiful...to me: Seeing beyond biases and achieving accuracy in romantic relationships.

Do romantic partners see each other realistically, or do they have overly positive perceptions of each other? Research has shown that realism and positivity co-exist in romantic partners' perceptions (Boyes & Fletcher, 2007). The current study takes a novel approach to explaining this seemingly paradoxical effect when it comes to physical attractiveness--a highly evaluative trait that is especially relevant to romantic relationships. Specifically, we argue that people are aware that others do not see their partners as positively as they do. Using both mean differences and correlational approaches, we test the hypothesis that despite their own biased and idiosyncratic perceptions, people have 2 types of partner-knowledge: insight into how their partners see themselves (i.e., identity accuracy) and insight into how others see their partners (i.e., reputation accuracy). Our results suggest that romantic partners have some awareness of each other's identity and reputation for physical attractiveness, supporting theories that couple members' perceptions are driven by motives to fulfill both esteem- and epistemic-related needs (i.e., to see their partners positively and realistically).
Dopant segregation control in Czochralski crystal growth with a wetted float

Abstract In Czochralski pulling a dopant can segregate significantly along the growing crystal, causing significant variations in electronic or optical properties in the resultant crystal. An attempt to control dopant segregation was made by using a device which floats in the melt. This floating device is unique in that it is made from a material which is wetted by and heavier than the melt. It is also unique in that it has a narrow and very long passageway, which prevents dopant diffusion between the growth zone and the bulk melt. To help clearly demonstrate the control over dopant segregation, a low melting point optical material NaNO 3 was selected. Two floating devices were prepared, one from Pyrex glass and the other from aluminum, both being wetted by and heavier than the NaNO 3 melt. Single crystals of NaNO 3 doped with LiNO 3 were grown, about 2.5 cm in diameter and 20 cm long. Chemical analysis of the resultant crystals confirmed that a very uniform dopant distribution was indeed reached in the crystals. The equilibrium segregation coefficient k for LiNO 3 in the NaNO 3 melt was determined to be 0.06.
Laterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus: A processor of somatosensory inputs.

The laterodorsal (LD) nucleus of the thalamus has been considered a “higher order” nucleus that provides inputs to limbic cortical areas. Although its functions are largely unknown, it is often considered to be involved in spatial learning and memory. Here we provide evidence that LD is part of a hitherto unknown pathway for processing somatosensory information. Juxtacellular and extracellular recordings from LD neurons reveal that they respond to vibrissa stimulation with short latency (median = 7 ms) and large magnitude responses (median = 1.2 spikes/stimulus). Most neurons (62%) had large receptive fields, responding to six and more individual vibrissae. Electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nucleus interpolaris (SpVi) evoked short latency responses (median = 3.8 ms) in vibrissa-responsive LD neurons. Labeling produced by anterograde and retrograde neuroanatomical tracers confirmed that LD neurons receive direct inputs from SpVi. Electrophysiological and neuroanatomical analyses revealed also that LD projects upon the cingulate and retrosplenial cortex, but has only sparse projections to the barrel cortex. These findings suggest that LD is part of a novel processing stream involved in spatial orientation and learning related to somatosensory cues.
Synchronization of Estrus in Dairy Heifers: A Field Demonstration

Use of prostaglandin F2 alpha to synchronize estrus was demonstrated over 3 yr with 2966 dairy heifers in 45 herds. Reproductive status of all heifers was determined before any injections occurred. Anovulatory heifers (8.3%) were not injected or inseminated. Ovulatory heifers received one intramuscular injection and most heifers received two injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha spaced 11 d apart. Observations for estrus and insemination were scheduled and performed by dairy farmers. Insemination of heifers occurred 12 h after detection of estrus or at 80 h after second injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Pregnancy rate averaged 50.9% but varied from 0 to 100%. Pregnancy rate after insemination according to estrus (62.8%) was greater than when insemination was at 80 h (39.1%). Low pregnancy rates were associated with limitations in basic management of heifers before or during insemination. Managerial limitations were in timing insemination, range of ages or weights of heifers housed together, number and types of vaccinations, season and diet, frequency of observing heifers for estrus, and number of straws of semen thawed concurrently. Managerial factors that affect fertility are similar whether or not estrus is synchronized. Although agents used to synchronize estrus do not affect fertility directly, managerial limitations on fertility may be accentuated by increased intensity of activity associated with synchronization.
Colour-generating interactions across the corpus callosum

Human vision has the remarkable property that, over a wide range, changes in the wavelength composition of the source light illuminating a scene result in very little change in the colour of any of the objects. This colour constancy can be explained by the retinex theory, which predicts the colour of a point on any object from a computed relationship between the radiation from that point and the radiation from all the other points in the field of view (Fig. 1). Thus the computations for colour perception occur across large distances in the visual field. It has not been clear, however, whether these long-range interactions take place in the retina or the cortex. Reports that long-range colour interactions can be reproduced binocularly when one band of wavelengths enters one eye and a different band enters the other might seem to establish the cortex as the site of the computation. Many observers, however, see very unsatisfactory colour or no colour at all in this binocular situation, suggesting that the cortex may not be the only site at which the computation is carried out, or even the most important site. We have now tested the role of the cortex in a human subject in whom the nerve fibres connecting cortical areas subserving two separate parts of the visual field had been severed, and find that the cortex is necessary for long-range colour computations.
Fourier descriptor based diagnosis of vocal-fold partial asymmetry from high speed image sequences

There is strong interest in fast, accurate automated examination and detection of pathologies in vocal-fold function. Such systems could assist in detecting abnormalities during screenings, monitor treatment progress, and compare results after therapy or surgical intervention. It has been shown that analysis of the vocal-fold area as a function of time can be beneficial in the detection and diagnosis of pathologies related to control of sustained tone production. However, this method is less effective in detecting asymmetric function due to paralysis or obstruction in the laryngeal area. Here, we present an alternative approach to aid the diagnosis of asymmetric vocal-fold motion.
Conformational changes in the activation loop of the insulin receptor's kinase domain

Low catalytic efficiency of basal-state protein kinases often depends on activation loop residues blocking substrate access to the catalytic cleft. Using the recombinant soluble form of the insulin receptor's kinase domain (IRKD) in its unphosphorylated state, activation loop conformation was analyzed by limited proteolysis. The rate of activation loop cleavage by trypsin is slow in the apo-IRKD. Bound Mg-adenine nucleoside di- and triphosphates increased the cleavage rate with half-maximal effects observed at 0.4-0.9 mM nucleotide. Adenosine monophosphate at concentrations up to 10 mM was not bound appreciably by the IRKD and had virtually no impact on activation loop cleavage. Amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal core-flanking regions of the IRKD had no statistically significant impact on the ligand-dependent or -independent activation loop cleavages. Furthermore, the core-flanking regions did not change the inherent conformational stability of the active site or the global stability of the IRKD, as determined by guanidinium chloride-induced denaturation. These measurements indicate that the intrasterically inhibitory conformation encompasses > or =90% of the ligand-free basal state kinase. However, normal intracellular concentrations of Mg-adenine nucleotides, which are in the millimolar range, would favor a basal-state conformation of the activation loop that is more accessible.
India's National and Regional Innovation Systems: Challenges, Opportunities and Recommendations for Policy Makers

There is a need for continuous reforms in India's infrastructure, innovation culture and dynamic leadership to sustain the growth of innovation. The purpose of this empirical study is to gain a better understanding of India's innovation systems. A comprehensive analysis has been done on two levels: on both a national level and a regional level. First, the section about the national level explores and explains the challenges and opportunities of India's innovation capacity using a semi-structured questionnaire of the practitioners. Second, the section about the regional level discusses the clusters formed within India through a mapping of industrial firms, educational/research institutions and innovation parks. Both an empirical activity framework and a functional-based conceptual framework have been presented to highlight the themes of “building-upgrading-promoting” and “democracy-culture-infrastructure”. Finally, this paper makes a theoretical contribution by providing a conceptual framework for studying...
Egg Inclusions from Brown and White Shell Eggs as Observed with the Scanning Electron Microscope

Abstract An investigation was undertaken to further study and characterize inclusions from brown and white shell eggs. Inclusions were removed from the chalazae of brown and white shell eggs, fixed and dehydrated for examination with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface structure was studied with the SEM. There were no apparent differences observed in the surface topography of inclusions from white and brown eggs.
Hobbes on Reason

Most commentators view Hobbes's account of reason as purely formal, that is, as having no necessary content: either an instrumental account of reason, that whether particular ends of people are rational or irrational depends entirely on their compatibility with their other ends; or that reason is nothing but reckoning of the consequences of general names. I argue instead that, for Hobbes, natural reason, according to which a rational person seeks to avoid death, pain, and disability, is the basic sense of reason. The laws of nature are the dictates of natural reason, supplemented by instrumental reason and reason as reckoning.
Design of Radix-4 SRT Dividers in 65 Nanometer CMOS Technology

As technology evolves, there is a never ending need to explore design tradeoffs and alternatives. In the CMOS technologies of the recent past where minimizing the die area was crucial, radix-4 minimally redundant SRT dividers were widely used because they only require simple multiples of divisor. Quotient conversion was typically done by on-the-fly conversion. In deep submicron CMOS technology these decisions need to be reconsidered. Now it is attractive to use maximum redundancy to simplify quotient selection. Replacing the on-the-fly conversion that operates on every cycle with an adder that operates only one cycle reduces the switching factor by the order of 29times for the conversion during a double precision division. This is significant because the on-the-fly conversion can consume 30% of the total energy of a divider. Furthermore, the quotient computation is sped up by the elimination of the big lookup table of minimally redundant SRT dividers. To illustrate this concept of trading extra hardware for improved power and speed and a simpler implementation, a radix-4 maximally redundant divider is designed and implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology using an ASIC flow and single, double and triple VT devices. Clock and data gating and data recirculation techniques are used to save power. Finally, a method to evaluate design alternatives for energy efficiency is proposed that takes into account the active power consumption, the inactive power consumption and the duty cycle
Pricing network edges for heterogeneous selfish users

We study the negative consequences of selfish behavior in a congested network and economic means of influencing such behavior. We consider a model of selfish routing in which the latency experienced by network traffic on an edge of the network is a function of the edge congestion, and network users are assumed to selfishly route traffic on minimum-latency paths. The quality of a routing of traffic is measured by the sum of travel times (the total latency).It is well known that the outcome of selfish routing (a Nash equilibrium) does not minimize the total latency. An ancient strategy for improving the selfish solution is the principle of marginal cost pricing, which asserts that on each edge of the network, each network user on the edge should pay a tax offsetting the congestion effects caused by its presence. By pricing network edges according to this principle, the inefficiency of selfish routing can always be eradicated.This result, while fundamental, assumes a very strong homogeneity property: all network users are assumed to trade off time and money in an identical way. The guarantee also ignores both the algorithmic aspects of edge pricing and the unfortunate possibility that an efficient routing of traffic might only be achieved with exorbitant taxes. Motivated by these shortcomings, we extend this classical work on edge pricing in several different directions and prove the following results.We prove that the edges of a single-commodity network can always be priced so that an optimal routing of traffic arises as a Nash equilibrium, even for very general heterogeneous populations of network users.When there are only finitely many different types of network users and all edge latency functions are convex, we show how to compute such edge prices efficiently.We prove that an easy-to-check mathematical condition on the population of heterogeneous network users is both necessary and sufficient for the existence of edge prices that induce an optimal routing while requiring only moderate taxes.
Using a virtual machine to protect sensitive Grid resources

Most Grid systems rely on their operating systems (OSs) to protect their sensitive files and networks. Unfortunately, modern OSs are very complex and it is difficult to completely avoid intrusions. Once intruders compromise the OS and gain system privilege, they can easily disable or bypass the OS security protections. This paper proposes a secure virtual Grid system, SVGrid, to protect sensitive system resources. SVGrid works by isolating Grid applications in Grid virtual machines. The Grid virtual machines' filesystem and network services are moved into a dedicated monitor virtual machine. All file and network accesses are forced to go through this monitor virtual machine, where SVGrid checks request parameters and only accepts the requests that comply with security rules. Because SVGrid enforces security policy in the isolated monitor virtual machine, it can continue to protect sensitive files and networks even if a Grid virtual machine is compromised. We tested SVGrid against attacks on Grid virtual machines. SVGrid was able to prevent all of them from accessing files and networks maliciously. We also evaluated the performance of SVGrid and found that performance cost was reasonable considering the security benefits of SVGrid. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the virtual remote procedure call mechanism proposed in this paper significantly improves system performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Full wave vector electromagnetic scattering from two-dimensional arbitrary random rough surfaces

A solution to scattering from two-dimensional (2D) surfaces with arbitrary roughness based on the extended boundary condition method (EBCM) is presented. The bistatic scattering cross section (SCS) is obtained from the superposition of the upgoing Floquet modes. This method places no limitation on the roughness scale of the surface, and produces both co-pol and cross-pol components of fields and scattering cross sections. The method is validated for the small roughness regime by comparing the simulation results with an existing solution using the small perturbation method (SPM) for the co-pol components. Comparison of results shows very good agreement between these two methods in the validity domain of SPM. Further validations for rougher surfaces and for cross-pol components are currently under-way.
Multichannel convolutional coding systems over a direct sum of Galois fields

Classes of codes for a multichannel communication system are considered. A fast algorithm is developed to calculate syndromes of multichannel linear systematic codes, including both block and convolutional codes, by using a direct sum of Galois fields.
Approximate interval estimation for a certain intraclass correlation coefficient

When the raters participating in a reliability study are a random sample from a larger population of raters, inferences about the intraclass correlation coefficient must be based on the three mean squares from the analysis of variance table summarizing the results: between subjects, between raters, and error. An approximate confidence interval for the parameter is presented as a function of these three mean squares.
Mechanistic insight into digoxin inactivation by Eggerthella lenta augments our understanding of its pharmacokinetics

The human gut microbiota plays a key role in pharmacology, yet the mechanisms responsible remain unclear, impeding efforts toward personalized medicine. We recently identified a cytochrome-encoding operon in the common gut Actinobacterium Eggerthella lenta that is transcriptionally activated by the cardiac drug digoxin. These genes represent a predictive microbial biomarker for the inactivation of digoxin. Gnotobiotic mouse experiments revealed that increased protein intake can limit microbial drug inactivation. Here, we present a biochemical rationale for how the proteins encoded by this operon might inactivate digoxin through substrate promiscuity. We discuss digoxin signaling in eukaryotic systems, and consider the possibility that endogenous digoxin-like molecules may have selected for microbial digoxin inactivation. Finally, we highlight the diverse contributions of gut microbes to drug metabolism, present a generalized approach to studying microbe-drug interactions, and argue that mechanistic studies will pave the way for the clinical application of this work.
Laser-Enabled Advanced Packaging of Ultrathin Bare Dice in Flexible Substrates

Embedding ultrathin semiconductor dice in flexible substrates provides unique capabilities for product designers and makes products such as smart bank cards and radio-frequency identification banknotes possible. Most of the current work in this area is directed toward handling, embedding, and interconnecting the ultrathin chips. Relatively little attention is paid to another critical process step-placing the flexible and very fragile ultrathin die onto the flexible substrate reliably and in a cost-efficient manner, suitable for high throughput assembly. The presented laser-enabled technology for embedding ultrathin dice in a flexible substrate was developed at the Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, to address this problem. The technology has been successfully demonstrated and proven for the fabrication of an RFID tag.
Exploring growth kinetics of carbon nanotube arrays by in situ optical diagnostics and modeling

Simple kinetic models of carbon nanotube growth have been able to successfully link together many experimental parameters involved in the growth of carbon nanotubes for practical applications including the prediction of growth rates, terminal lengths, number of walls, activation energies, and their dependences on the growth environment. The implications of recent experiments utilizing in situ monitoring of carbon nanotube growth on our past kinetic model are first reviewed. Then, sub-second pulsed feedstock gas introduction is discussed to explore the nucleation and initial growth of carbon nanotubes in the context of the kinetic model. Moreover, kinetic effects in "pulsed CVD" - using repeated pulsed gas introduction to stop and restart nanotube growth - are explored to understand renucleation, the origin of alignment in nanotube arrays, and incremental growth. Time-resolved reflectivity of the surface is used to remotely understand the kinetics of nucleation and the coordinated growth of arrays. This approach demonstrates that continuous vertically aligned single wall carbon nanotubes can be grown incrementally by pulsed CVD, and that the first exposure of fresh catalyst to feedstock gas is critical to nanotubes site density required for coordinated growth. Aligned nanotube arrays (as short as 60 nm) are shown to nucleate and grow within single, sub-second gas pulses. The multiple-pulse growth experiments (> 100 pulses) show that a high fraction of nanotubes renucleate on subsequent gas pulses.
Images in clinical medicine. Patulous eustachian tube and eustachian-tube dysfunction.

This 36-year-old woman presented with aural fullness, hearing loss, and autophony of the left ear. Examination revealed an atrophic segment of tympanic membrane that was grossly mobile with respirations.
45nm Yield model optimization

Elements of a yield model combining multiple input metrics will be reviewed. This model has been applied to multiple products across 65nm and 45nm SOI technology nodes. It provides long term yield metrics as well as yield diagnostics. Focus will be on the addition of After Develop Inspection (ADI) yield metrics into an existing framework which incorporates high resolution defect scans (PLY) and scribe kerf electrical test data.
LDPC Decoding Strategies for Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording

In this paper, we propose a linear programming (LP) decoding scheme for binary error-erasure channel for use in two-dimensional magnetic recording. We compare the performance of this decoding scheme with other decoding schemes like LP decoding for BSC and belief-propagation decoding. Also, we compare the effect of variance of grain-area in the medium on the bit-error rates of various decoding schemes.
The pattern of activation in the sartorius muscle of the frog.

The development of isometric twitch tension has been compared with the redevelopment of isometric tension in the fully active frog sartorius muscle following release. At 0°C the rate of rise of isometric twitch tension is the same as that for the muscle in the fully active state at the same tension but not until about 40 msec. after the stimulus and then only for a few milliseconds. The rates of rise of tension in the twitch and in the redevelopment of tension in the fully active muscle appear to be nearly the same at low tensions. Substitution of nitrate for chloride in the Ringer's solution bathing the muscle retards the development of tension during the early part of the contraction phase of the twitch and the effect reaches a maximum within 3 minutes after changing the solutions. These observations have been discussed in connection with some possible patterns of activation and the hypothesis has been advanced that the rate of activation of a sarcomere is determined mainly by the rate at which the transverse component of the link between excitation and contraction is propagated inwards from the periphery to the center of the fiber. This hypothesis has been discussed in relation to others concerning the nature of excitation-contraction coupling.
Effects of Te Inclusions on the Performance of CdZnTe Radiation Detectors

Te inclusions existing at high concentrations in CdZnTe (CZT) material can degrade the performance of CZT detectors. These microscopic defects trap the free electrons generated by incident radiation, so entailing significant fluctuations in the total collected charge and thereby strongly affecting the energy resolution of thick (long-drift) detectors. Such effects were demonstrated in thin planar detectors, and, in many cases, they proved to be the dominant cause of the low performance of thick detectors, wherein the fluctuations in the charge losses accumulate along the charge's drift path. We continued studying this effect using different tools and techniques. We employed a dedicated beam-line recently established at BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source for characterizing semiconductor radiation detectors, along with an IR transmission microscope system, the combination of which allowed us to correlate the concentration of defects with the devices' performances. We present here our new results from testing over 50 CZT samples grown by different techniques. Our goals are to establish tolerable limits on the size and concentrations of these detrimental Te inclusions in CZT material, and to provide feedback to crystal growers to reduce their numbers in the material.
Demystifying the ‘Ideal Progressive’: Resistance through Mimicked Modernity in Princely Baroda, 1900-1913

Current scholarship is replete with the praises of princely Baroda, the ‘ideal and progressive’ state which emerged and prospered under the enlightened rule of Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad III in the early twentieth century. For example, V. B. Kulkarni notes in his Princely India and Lapse of British Paramountcy that ‘It is . . . enough to end this heart-warming story of wise princely governments by recalling the achievements of Sayajirao of Baroda . . . [in part] because he gave an enlightened government to a chronically-misgoverned state . . .’.
Exploring customer perceived value in mobile phone services

The purpose of this study is to identify perceived values in mobile phone services, and further explore the relationships among perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. A mediated regression analysis was used and 218 savvy mobile phones users in Taiwan were investigated. The findings reveal that perceived values, including utilitarian value, social value, and hedonic value, positively influence customer loyalty, and the mediation of customer satisfaction is also significant. The contributions of this study are two-fold. The first is to recognise the importance of utilitarian value, social value, and hedonic value for customer loyalty in mobile phone services. The second is to offer insights for mobile marketers to improve perceived value for customers and enhance their satisfaction levels, helping with customer retention.
Hemophilia Information System of Macedonia

In this paper, the Hemophilia Information System of Macedonia (HISM), developed in collaboration with World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH), is presented. This system provides full automation of the Hemophilia Treatment Center of Macedonia (HTCM) daily working processes. It also provides possibility for connection of the HTCM with 14 Transfusion services whole over Macedonia, securing the best possible care, treatment and support for people with hemophilia or related bleeding disorder and their families in the Republic of Macedonia. HISM is web based information system accessible via Internet, fully secure and reliable. It is developed for ORACLE and the servers run under Linux operating system. Currently the Transfusion services and centers located in 14 Macedonian cities are equipping with computers and Internet access.
Continuity in lexical and morphological development: a test of the critical mass hypothesis.

Several recent studies have demonstrated strong relationships between lexical acquisition and subsequent developments within the domain of morphosyntax. A connectionist model of the acquisition of a morphological System analogous to that of the English past tense (Plunkett & Marchman, 1993) suggests that growth in vocabulary size may relate to the onset of over-regularization errors. However, this model suggests that the relationships between vocabulary size and morphosyntactic development are non-linear. Incremental increases in the number of verbs to be learned result in qualitative shifts in the treatment of both previously learned and novel forms, but only after the size of the lexicon exceeds a particular level (i.e. reaches a ‘critical mass’). In this paper we present parental report data from an extensive study of English-speaking children aged 1;4 to 2;6 using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Toddler form (N = 1130). These data corroborate several findings from previous studies, including the early usage of unmarked verb stems and the correct production of irregular past tense forms. Further, we demonstrate support for the ‘critical mass’ view of the onset of over-regularization errors, focusing on continuity among lexical and morphological developments. In our view, these data suggest that these linguistic milestones may be paced by similar, if not identical mechanisms.
Seeing and Then Seeing Again

ld paint on canvas, as it ages, sometimes becomes transparent. When that happens it is possible, in some pictures, to see the original lines: a tree will show through a woman’s dress, a child makes way for a dog, a large boat is no longer on an open sea. That is called pentimento because the painter “repented,” changed his mind. Perhaps it would be as well to say that the old conception, replaced by a later choice, is a way of seeing and then seeing again. (Hellman, 1973, p. 3)Elaborating on her introduction to Pentimento: A Book of Portraits, Lillian Hellman remarked that the book’s title signaled simply her interest in examining, now that the paint had aged, “what was there for [her] once, what is there for [her] now” (p. 3) in terms of the people and events she was about to portray. Here, I draw on Hellman’s sense of pentimento to evoke images (at the invitation of the JLR editors) of my research and schol-arship in adolescent literacy—images of people and ideas that influenced me once and that are there for me still, though often in perceptibly changed forms. Once captured, these images become starting places for a dis-cussion of the present and future of adolescent literacy from my point of view.
Control of perioperative hypertension during coronary artery surgery. A randomised double-blind study comparing isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin

A reduction in the causes of myocardial ischaemia remains of prime importance during coronary artery surgery. Hypertension with the ensuing increase in myocardial oxygen demand is a major factor in the aetiology of perioperative myocardial ischaemia. Nitroglycerin (NTG) has long been used beneficially to reduce myocardial oxygen demand by its effects on the systemic and peripheral vascular resistances. An alternative nitrate, isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) is now available as an intravenous preparation, and may offer technical advantages, both due to its stability in solution and also its longer in vivo half-life. We designed and carried out a multi-centre study to compare and evaluate the efficacy of ISDN and NTG in the management of perioperative hypertension in 85 patients undergoing elective coronary artery surgery. A total of 288 events in which the systolic blood pressure (SBP) exceeded a predetermined trigger value were observed. ISDN was successful in treating hypertension in 63% of the events, whereas NTG had an 83% success. The SBP was significantly lowered after treatment with either ISDN, 155 mmHg to 138 mmHg, or NTG, 160 mmHg to 130 mmHg. The mean successful dose rate for ISDN was 6.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1, whereas for NTG this was 3.8 micrograms kg-1 min-1. In the ISDN group less events took place possibly due to the longer duration of this drug. In many previous studies NTG has been found to be effective in controlling hypertension; ISDN offers and alternative approach in reducing hypertension.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol: high affinity substrate for hepatic cytochrome P-450.

Summary Addition of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D 3 ) to rat liver microsomes revealed a type I spectral change with a spectral dissociation constant (K S ) of approximately 80nM; this value remained unchanged in phenobarbital-treated rats, although the maximum binding value was tripled. The inhibition constant, K i , of 25-OH-D 3 for aminopyrine N-demethylation was 59nM, in good agreement with the K S value. Stopped-flow studieds showed a two-fold increase in microsomal NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity in the presence of 25-OH-D 3 . These findings suggest that the P-450 system plays a role in the blotransformation of 25-OH-D 3 .
3D Process Simulation Requirements And Tradeoffs From Industrial Perspective

This paper discusses the requirements, challenges, tradeoffs, obstacles, economic constraints, and managerial options for three-dimensional process simulation in the context of present and anticipated technology needs.
Documenting Student Engagement Using an Intention/Reflection Exercise during an Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience.

The article shares the outcomes of a practice called Intention/Reflection (I/R) when applied to a group of ten students in a five-week course involving an international advanced pharmacy practice experience. Developed by the authors and founded on a combination of theoretical principles, this practice is unique because of the blend of formative and summative activities. I/R activities account for learning goals established by the instructor but also promote the mindful creation of a student’s own personal set of learning outcomes. In this practice, prior to any learning experience (which could be as long as a semester or as short as a single class session), students respond to questions that help them identify their individual learning goals and how this knowledge gain will help them. A similar set of questions at the end of the experience is meant to help the student understand the effect of the experience, and connect the students’ intention with their learning outcomes. The results show two benefits from the learning process. First the students are able to monitor their own learning and track what they want to learn as well as how they learned it. Second, the practice appears to help students identify new distinct personal learning outcomes and a way to achieve them.
Dirac Delta Function

Paul Adrian Maurice Dirac, one of the most inventive mathematical physicists of all time, co-founder of quantum theory, inventor of relativistic quantum mechanics in the form of an equation which bears his name, predictor of the existence of antimatter, clarifier of the concept of spin, and contributor to the unraveling of the mathematical difficulties associated with the quantization of the general theory of relativity, came across the subject matter of this chapter in his study of quantum mechanical scattering. In order to appreciate the usefulness of this function, we shall start with an intuitive approach drawn from electrostatics.
Focus on “Point mutations in the post-M2 region of human α-ENaC regulate cation selectivity”

amiloride-sensitive Na+channels constitute a new class of superfamily of ion channel proteins known as the degenerin/epithelial Na+ channel (Deg/ENaC) superfamily ([1][1], [2][2]). This superfamily is rapidly expanding with new members identified from vertebrates and invertebrates. These channels
Selection of a phase 3 dose regimen for denosumab based on pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and safety data from multiple subcutaneous (SC) dosing regimens in breast cancer patients (pts) with bone metastases (BM)

3086 Background: Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for osteoclast formation, function, and survival. PK and PD of denosumab (AMG 162), a fully human monoclonal IgG2 antibody t...
Temperature Effects on Nerve Activity in DDT-Treated American Cockroaches

As American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), pass through the successive stages of DDT poisoning when temperature is lowered, a difference is observed in the patterns of activity in sensory nerves and in the central nervous system (CNS). In sensory nerves a direct relationship is obtained between changing temperature and frequency of appearance of DDT-induced trains. In the CNS a negative temperature coefficient is observed for the change in frequency of appearance of DDT-induced trains through the intoxicated stage of poisoning. As the cockroach reaches the prostrate stage of poisoning, the frequency of appearance of DDT-trains is reduced. This observation of contrasting patterns of activity between sensory nerves and the CNS suggests that synaptic transmission is impaired as the stage of DDT poisoning progresses. Data obtained from studies of the 6th abdominal gang-lion and thoracic ganglia confirm the hypothesis of synaptic impairment. The 6th abdominal ganglion becomes increasingly unstable as poisoning progresses. In the thoracic ganglia, increasing instability is observed through early prostration, and a complete block is observed in the later stages. The block which is observed in the late stages is reversible upon a rise in temperature and correlates well with a reversal of symptoms from late to early prostration during recovery. The very dose correlation between stage of poisoning and degree of synaptic impairment in the thoracic ganglia suggests a dose relationship between these 2 events. The magnitude of the effect of low temperature on synaptic conduction strongly suggests that the negative temperature coefficient of DDT action is the direct result of upset synaptic transmission.