cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Roma in Macedonia: ethnic politics and the marginal condition in a Balkan state

Abstract Most of Eastern Europe's five‐to‐seven‐million Roma (Gypsies) welcomed the revolutions of 1989 only to realize that the post‐communist era brought mixed blessing to them. Although since then their political and cultural marginalization had diminished, their social and economic circumstances had clearly deteriorated in East Central Europe and the Balkans alike. The only exception to this rule appears to be the newly independent Republic of Macedonia, where the Roma's conditions in many respects are far superior to those of their counterparts elsewhere in the region. There are several reasons for this phenomenon. In the economic realm the Macedonian Roma's situation has also worsened (although still much better than that of the Roma in other Balkan states) but not as a result of ethnic discrimination but owing to the economic hardships accompanying the post‐communist transitions. In the political sphere, the Roma in Macedonia have benefited from a state whose representatives are willing to rise abo...
The growth and decline of import substitution in Brazil — revisited

Abstract Of all developing economies, Brazil in the early 1960s represented the most spectacular case of import substitution (IS) which, it was thought, had reached its final or ‘declining’ phases. This paper re-examines the theories of that period by applying econometric techniques to input-output and extended time series data. We trace the progress and regression of IS through different circuits and find the process to be reversible. Second, we find a dialectical relationship between the creation of inter-industry linkages and their destruction through leakages which undermine IS. Third, we identify a dialectical relationship between the ‘substitution of imports’ and the ‘importation of substitutes’, that is, the continual invasion of new imports which displace local products and create the need for IS, such as wheat substituting for tropical foods, plastics for woods and synthetic fibres for cotton.
Erratum to “Peripheral desmoplastic ameloblastoma: report of a case and literature review” [Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 105 (2008) 37-40]

In the above-mentioned article, the authors neglected to provide an attribution for the photo included in Figure 1 (page 38). Therefore, a line to the caption of Figure 1 should have stated: “Photo provided courtesy of Edward Leikin, DDS, Cantonsville, MD.” Also, the following Acknowledgement section should have appeared in the article: “The authors thank Drs. Edward Leikin (Cantonsville, MD) and James Largey (Bangor, ME) for their assistance in providing documentation related to this case.” The authors regret that these omissions were not identified during the editing or proofing phases of the publication process and greatly appreciate the contributions of those mentioned above.
Differential spectral imaging with gold nanorod light scattering labels

Gold nanorods have the potential to be employed as extremely bright molecular marker labels. However, samples containing a large number of gold nanorods usually exhibit relatively wide spectral lines. This linewidth limits the use of the nanorods since it would be rather difficult to image several types of nanorod markers simultaneously. We measured native scattering spectra of single gold nanorods with the CLASS microscope and found that single gold nanorods have a narrow spectrum as predicted by the theory. That suggests that nanorod-based molecular markers with controlled narrow aspect ratios should provide spectral lines sufficiently narrow for effective biomedical imaging.
Will you read this article's abstract? Theories of the question–behavior effect

Question–behavior research has frequently demonstrated that asking questions about future behaviors increases the performance of socially normative behaviors. In response to Fitzsimons and Moore's review (2008) of the question–behavior effect in the context of risky behaviors, we consider how asking questions about an undesirable behavior may increase the probability of performing that behavior. We suggest that a theory with 19th century roots—ideomotor action—may be useful in understanding these potential effects.
Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure of a P-Confused Carbaporphyrinoid

The reaction of a phosphole-2,5-diol with a tripyrromethane in the presence of BF3 generates, after oxidation by DDQ, a P-confused carbaporphyrinoid whose X-ray crystal structure analysis has been performed. The steric bulk of the phosphorus subunit prevents the formation of the expected phosphaporphyrin.
Discussion panel: giving human factors/ergonomics away : how can we bring the benefits of HF/E to nursing?

Patients spend the most time with nurses compared with other health care providers, and patient outcomes are directly related to the quality of nursing care. Unfortunately, nursing work systems are often not designed to accommodate the limits and capabilities of perceptual, cognitive, and physical processes, which can result in errors. The Institute of Medicine estimated that hospital patients experience one medication error each day. Increasingly, technology is relied upon to reduce errors and improve work efficiency. However, new technologies can lead to unintended consequences. Applying principles of human factors and ergonomics (HF/E) to improve nursing work systems and the technologies nurses use has the potential for significant improvements in the quality of patient care. Incorporating HF/E into the nursing domain presents challenges. Conducting research in the nursing environment poses unique logistical issues, and implementing HF/E recommendations requires that nursing personnel accept HF/E as be...
Applications of ion-beam tomographic element microanalysis (ITEM)

Abstract Developments in tomographic analysis using PIXE are reviewed. Simulated 2D and tomographic analyses show that for a variety of specimens about 20 times more data counts are required for tomographic than for 2D analysis. When shape information available from noise-free STIM tomography is incorporated, this factor is reduced to about 4. Three applications for which ITEM is preferable to 2D analysis are demonstrated. First, ITEM of an ant mandible embedded in amber, a specimen that would be destroyed by sectioning, reveals that zinc is still present and localized. Second, the Ca content of the distal portion of a fruitfly Malpighian tubule is measured with ITEM to be 170 ng. This measurement could not be made using techniques that require sectioning. Finally, ITEM is used to avoid contamination from sectioning in an analysis of Ca in the retina of a fruitfly.
Application of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Ehrlichia canis in tissues of dogs

Doxycycline treatment resulted in a carrier status in 3 dogs and complete clearance of Ehrlichia canis in 2 dogs (Iqbal and Rikihisa, 1994). Using specimens obtained during that study applicability of polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) in detecting E. canis DNA in tissue specimens and correlation of PCR results with our previous cell culture isolation results were evaluated. PCRs using a pair of primers specific to E. canis 16SrRNA gene sequence were used to detect DNA of E. canis in tissues of 5 experimentally-infected dogs 2 months after doxycycline treatment. An approximately 600 bp product defined by the specific primers was amplified in blood, kidney, lymph nodes, liver, and/or spleen of 3 dogs from which E. canis was reisolated in cell culture. In contrast, E. canis DNA was not detected in tissue or blood specimens of the 2 dogs from which E. canis was not reisolated after doxycycline treatment or in 2 control uninfected dogs. The findings indicate PCR is effective in detecting E. canis in tissues.
LIKE A NATURAL WOMAN: NEGOTIATING COLLECTIVE GENDER IDENTITY IN AN ALTERNATIVE WORLD

This article examines how women visiting an alternative, politicized community interact with the construction of womanhood presented in that context. The concept of collective gender identity is suggested as a tool for considering how ideas about what it means to be a woman (or a man) can be communicated and negotiated in microlevel interactions within social movements. The case examined here, immersion courses on midwifery in an alternative community, illustrates the use of environmental, instrumental, and social technologies to transmit a particular construction of womanhood. Findings point to ways women enrolled in these intensive courses respond to the particular meaning of gender embraced by the community. This research raises questions about the place of shared gender identity in a group context and the possible ties between that identity and larger movement dynamics.
Lichen responses to short-term transplantation in Desierto de los Leones, Mexico City

To evaluate lichen photosynthetic changes related to urban emissions, samples of Usnea ceratina Ach. and Everniastrum neocirrhatum (Hale M. Wirth) Hale ex Sipman were transplanted during 54 days into the Desierto de los Leones forest, near Mexico City. The lichens were transplanted from a relatively clean control site located 100 km to the northeast of the city. A 30% decrease in maximum net photosynthesis and 18% chlorophyll b degradation were detected near Mexico City. Chlorophyll a and total carotenes showed no statistically significant change. No major interspecific differences in the response of the two lichen species were found. Among other potential factors, regional ozone levels during the course of the transplant period were sufficiently high to have contributed to the adverse effects.
On the 3-dimensional structure of plasmoids

The hypothesis that the IMF penetrates plasmoids causing them to be three- rather than two-dimensional is tested by comparing observations of By within plasmoids and related tail structures to upstream IMF By data. The magnetic topologies that result from the mergings of closed plasma sheet flux tubes and open tail lobe flux tubes at a near-earth neutral line, and merging near the tail flanks are described and studied. The particle signals and isotropic electron distributions are examined. It is observed that the IMF By penetrates plasmoids and that their structure is three-dimensional. In the three-dimensional model of plasmoids the reconnected plasma sheet field lines form a magnetic flux-ropelike structure. The three-dimensional model is utilized to analyze stagnant, slowly moving and earthward moving structures.
A genome-wide linkage scan for ankle-brachial index in African American and non-Hispanic white subjects participating in the GENOA study.

Abstract Little is known about the genetics of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We performed linkage analyses to identify genomic regions that influence ankle–brachial index (ABI), a measure of PAD, in 1310 African Americans (AA) (mean age 62±9 years) and 796 non-Hispanic whites (NHW) (mean age 58±9 years) belonging to hypertensive sibships. ABI was determined at two sites in each lower extremity and the lower of the two average ABIs was used in the analyses after adjustment for age, age 2 , sex, weight, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and ever-smoking. Genotypes were measured at microsatellite marker loci spaced approximately 10cM apart across the 22 autosomes. Heritability was assessed by SOLAR and linkage analyses performed using a variance components approach. Modest heritability ( h 2 ) was noted for the fully adjusted ABI in each ethnic group ( h 2 =0.195, P =0.002 in AA; h 2 =0.212, P =0.006 in NHW). Univariate linkage analyses demonstrated tentative evidence of linkage (multipoint LOD=1.3–2.0) for ABI on chromosomes 1p, 6q, 7q, 10p, and 16p in AA and on chromosome 3p and 3q in NHW. In conclusion, ABI is a modestly heritable trait in AA and NHW hypertensive sibships. Quantitative trait linkage analyses identified several chromosomal regions that may harbor genes influencing ABI.
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF CYTOSINE AND 5‐METHYLCYTOSINE WITH METHYLAMINE AND n‐BUTYLAMINE

AbstractThe photoinduced exchange reactions of cytosine (la) and 5-methylcytosine (IIa) with two primary amines have been studied. The reactions of Ia and IIa with methylamine lead, respectively, to 1-methylcytosine (Ib) and 1,5-dimethylcytosine (IIb) as final products; the reactions of the same two starting materials with n-butylamine gives the corresponding n-butyl compounds. The reactions of IIa with the two amines also gave small amounts of 1-methylthymine and 1-n-butylthymine. An opened ring intermediate, N-(N'-methylcarbamoyl)-3-arnino-2-methylacrylamidine (IVa), was isolated from the IIa-methylamine system irradiated at pH 7 and shown to be a precursor of both IIb and 1-methylthymine. The pH profiles for rate of production of IIb, 1-methylthymine and IVa in the reaction of IIa with methylamine were determined and found to be similar in shape. All three profiles show a maximum in reactivity at about pH 8.7 with some reactivity being detectable at pH values as low as 5.
Suppression of Antibody to Endotoxin with 6-Mercaptopurine : Effect of Antigen Dose

THE selection of antigen, the type and dose of antimetabolite administered, and the species of recipient animal are all important factors in the evaluation of the immnonosuppressive properties of antimetabolites1. Using as an antigen sheep red blood cells treated with tannic acid, Nathan et al. reported that suppression of antibody response by 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) became greater as the dose of antigen was increased2. Furthermore, in investigations of drug-induced immunological tolerance, Schwartz and Dameshek have shown that using a constant dose of 6-MP, suppression of antibody to bovine serum albumin is proportional to dose of antigen administered3. We have used 6-MP to suppress the antibody response to the somatic antigens (endotoxins) of Gram-negative bacteria4. In contrast to the foregoing reports we have noted that suppression of antibody to bacterial polysaccharide antigens is not greater when larger doses of antigen are administered.
Notes: Effects of Rainbow Trout Predation on Little Colorado Spinedace

Abstract We tested the effect of predation by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on the behavior and spatial distribution of Little Colorado spinedace Lepidomeda vittata, a native cyprinid that occurs in disjunct populations in northern Arizona. Field experiments demonstrated high predation on Little Colorado spinedace even in the presence of natural refuges and abundant macroinvertebrate prey. Little Colorado spinedace showed almost no predator avoidance in the presence of rainbow trout, which implies limited interaction with large nonnative predators through evolutionary time. Results suggest that rainbow trout may have a significant influence on the habitat use, behavior, and geographic distribution of Little Colorado spinedace, and may be responsible, in part, for the disjunct geographic distribution of this threatened native fish species.
Blastic transformation in chronic myelogenous leukemia: Experience with 50 patients

Fifty consecutive patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia were evaluated clinically, morphologically, biochemically, and therapeutically. Forty-five patients had a preceding stable phase (38 Ph +, 7 Ph -); five patients presented with de novo Ph+ blast crisis. The most frequent clinical signs of impending blast crisis were weakness, fatigue, increasing splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, marrow fibrosis, and a rising neutrophil alkaline phosphatase. Fever (unrelated to infection), skin infiltration, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, thrombocytosis, and basophilia were much less common. The development of aneuploidy occurred in less than one-half of the total group. Myeloblastic morphology at blastic transformation was most frequent with occasional lymphoblastic, promyelocytic, and undifferentiated cases seen. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was present in one-third of the patients, but had no clear-cut relationship to the morphology. Response to treatment was generally disappointing (two complete and 15 partial remissions in 45 treated patients).
III–V Oxidation: Discoveries and Applications in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Since the discovery of III-V oxidation by Dallesasse and Holonyak in 1989, significant progress has been made, both technically and commercially, on the use of oxides in compound semiconductor devices. The process-induced modification of refractive index and conductivity allows control of the two carriers of information in optoelectronic systems, the photon and the electron, enabling wide-ranging device applications. Of great technical and commercial importance has been the use of oxidation for the fabrication of high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), first implemented by Deppe's group at The University of Texas at Austin (Austin, TX, USA). Here, the low refractive index III-V oxide's interaction with the optical modes inside the VCSEL creates an optimal overlap of gain and field, enabling lasers with ultralow threshold currents and desirable optical beam properties. The discovery of III-V oxidation, key technical milestones in the fabrication of photonic and electronic devices that use oxidation, and the application to VCSELs are reviewed.
MICROVASCULAR DESTRUCTION IN RENAL TRANSPLANT REJECTION

In normal kidneys, peritubular and glomerular capillaries can be readily identified by their intense expression of HLA class I and class II compared to other cells within the graft. This high density of expression of MHC, plus their exposure to activated circulating lymphocytes, makes these cells th
The school-based interprofessional team: Recurring problems and some possible solutions

Abstract The interprofessional child study team can provide for greater accuracy in decision making and a creative extension of psychoeducational services to the school. Four problem areas presently interfere with most team's effective functioning: minimal parental and regular educator involvement, an unsystematic collection and analysis of the diagnostic information, a loosely construed decision-making/planning process, and a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration. A number of strategies are suggested to promote team effectiveness.
A Comparison of Two Private University Faculties’ Perspectives of Using Collegiality in Tenure and Promotion Decisions

Some faculty members feel that collegiality is a de facto requirement for tenure and promotion. However, collegiality remains a controversial subject in terms of using it as a criterion in tenure and promotion decisions and the ability of faculty members to challenge it in court as an unacceptable criterion appears to be wasted effort. This pilot study of using collegiality in tenure and promotion decisions was launched to discover what features faculty members consider important for collegiality and the proportion who believe it should be considered in the tenure and promotion process. Using the Collegiality Climate Scale as a measure of collegiality, the study compared faculty perspectives at two private Christian universities, one located in the Southwest United States and one in the Southeast. The study revealed a relativity high level of collegiality among faculty at both universities. However, there were some areas of low scores on the scales. The vast majority of faculty at both universities (74.6% Southwest, 77.5% Southeast) favored using collegiality as a criterion for tenure and promotion decisions. Objections to using collegiality as a criterion centered on two elements: (1) that other factors, such as productivity, scholarship, and excellence in teaching, are more appropriate criteria for promotion and tenure, not collegiality, and (2) the difficulty of measuring individual collegiality.
On the Status of the Serranid Fish Genus Epinephelus: Evidence for Paraphyly Based upon 16S rDNA Sequence

Historically, attempts to elucidate evolutionary relationships among members of the genus Epinephelus (Teleostei: Serranidae), commonly known as groupers, have been hindered by the overwhelming number of species (98, sensu stricto), a pan global distribution, and the lack of morphological specializations traditionally used in ichthyological classification. To date, no comprehensive phylogenetic study, morphological or molecular, to evaluate the monophyly of this genus has been presented. In this study, previous hypotheses regarding the relationships among the American grouper species and the allied genera were evaluated by examination of mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 16S ribosomal DNA region. A 590-bp region of the 16S rDNA gene was amplified using a universal primer pair for 42 serranid species, including members of the genera Epinephelus, Mycteroperca, and Paranthias from the New World and selected Indo-Pacific congeners. Maximum-parsimony criteria and neighbor-joining analysis dispute the monophyly of the American Epinephelus species as previously hypothesized. The data support the monophyly of Cephalopholis only with the inclusion of the morphologically distinct Paranthias and the monophyly of Mycteroperca with the inclusion of the Indo-Pacific Anyperodon leucogrammicus.
Raising the bar on training at Valparaiso university

We have recently overhauled our IT training program that we offer our students, faculty and staff. In the past, the training program consisted of sessions about changes to campus systems or sessions related to very specific software uses such as mail merge or tables. Users can now expect that training will be more than software use and how-to's. We have started looking at ways to enhance our clients overall use of campus technology. As we examined ways to better serve our campus community, we engaged in qualitative observations in many areas. We examined how our graduate students were using technology to collaborate. The faculty were observed by our training staff to see how they were employing campus technology in courses and integrating technology into their assignments given to students. We interviewed our Help Desk Student Consultants to see what they observed as major training goals throughout the campus based on their interactions with clients. Upon completion of our observations, we outline our course development plans for increasing technology integration and full use of our campus technology offerings to further our mission of enhancing learning, teaching and job function through technology. Our goal is to reach beyond the software functionality and take our clients to the apex of relevance and application.
The prevention of child abuse and neglect: A review of the literature with recommendations for application

Families at high risk for inadequate parenting can be identified during the perinatal period, or during later health care visits. Effective intervention can be implemented for these special families. During the maternity ward stay, intervention can include early delivery room contact, rooming-in arrangements, and increased teaching sessions on child care. The primary physician can provide frequent office visits, telephone contacts and helpful advice during acute illnesses and developmental phases which might precipitate child abuse. The physician can seek assistance from outreach workers such as public health nurses, lay health visitors, and child welfare caseworkers. Community prevention programs such as parenting classes, Parent's Anonymous groups, crisis nurseries and crisis hotlines should also be integrated into the family's treatment. When provided in concert, these actions can stabilize most dysfunctional families.
Cross channel isospin amplitudes for 3.9 GeV/c π+-p → π(Nπ) compared with the predictions of a double exchange model☆

A cross-channel isospin analysis has been carried out on a prism plot separated sample of 3.9 GeV/c π+-p → π(Nπ) events. An enhancement is observed in the low (Nπ) invariant mass region for an I = 12 state of the Nπ system when the isospin for the cross channel is both IE = 0 and 1. These results and those of similar analyses at 8 and 16 GeV/c are compared with the predictions of a double-exchange model and good agreement is obtained. Neither interpretation of this phenomenon as a resonance nor as a consequence of diffraction dissociation in the usual definition, non-resonating single pomeron exchange, explains all the features of the results.
Fear, Numbers, and Measles

In 2006, I took a job that required me to board small planes and fly between the islands that make up Indonesia at least twice each week. The frequent flying had not originally been a part of the j...
Amylo-1,6-glucosidase/1,4-α-glucan: 1,4-α-glucan 4-α-glycosyltransferase: Specificity toward polysaccharide substrates

Abstract The substrate specificities of the glucosidase-transferase debranching enzyme systems from yeast and rabbit muscle were examined by the use of polysaccharide substrates of defined outer chain lengths. The results were consistent with the specificities ascribed to the transferase portion of the debranching enzyme system by previous studies using maltosaccharide substrates. The specificities of the two enzyme systems were also examined in the reversion reaction. The results showed that both systems displayed an inverse specificity to that observed in the hydrolytic reaction. This suggested that the reversion reaction reflects the specificity of the glucosidase portion of the debranching system. The major differences between the specificities of the yeast and rabbit muscle systems were found to lie in the specificity of the transferase and in the ability of the yeast system to debranch native glycogen and amylopectin.
Gases, God and the balance of nature: a commentary on Priestley (1772) 'Observations on different kinds of air'.

Historians of chemistry usually associate the eighteenth century with the Chemical Revolution, but it could just as readily be called ‘the century of gases’ (or ‘airs’, as they were called in the eighteenth century). In the early part of the century, the British pneumatic chemists struggled to replace the traditional notion ‘Air’, understood as an inert chemical element, with the concept of ‘air’, regarded as the third state of matter, encompassing a wide variety of chemical species. These developments constituted a necessary condition for the Chemical Revolution, which occurred in the latter part of the century. In ‘Observations’, Priestley took pneumatic chemistry to a new level, with the discovery of eight simple inorganic gases. Motivated by his belief in a benevolent God and a pious utilitarianism, Priestly explored the role of the atmosphere in the balance of nature and the politics of the state, which he linked to the movement of Rational Dissent. He styled himself an ‘aerial philosopher’ to signal the interdisciplinary nature of his inquiries, which he regarded not as a branch of ordinary chemistry, but as a mode of thought that encompassed physics, chemistry and natural theology. Priestley saw it as a source of principles and secrets of nature more extensive than that of ‘gravity itself’. This commentary was written to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
Warm ischemic injury is reflected in the release of injury markers during cold preservation of the human liver.

Background Liver transplantation plays a pivotal role in the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease. Despite excellent outcomes, the field is strained by a severe shortage of viable liver grafts. To meet high demands, attempts are made to increase the use of suboptimal livers by both pretransplant recovery and assessment of donor livers. Here we aim to assess hepatic injury in the measurement of routine markers in the post-ischemic flush effluent of discarded human liver with a wide warm ischemic range.
A performance model of neighbor discovery in proactive routing protocols

It is well known that neighbor discovery is a critical component of proactive routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks. However there is no formal study on the performance of proposed neighbor discovery mechanisms. This paper provides a detailed model of key performance metrics of neighbor discovery algorithms, such as node degree and the distribution of the distance to symmetric neighbors. The model accounts for the dynamics of neighbor discovery as well as node density, mobility, radio and interference. The paper demonstrates a method for applying these models to the evaluation of global network metrics. In particular, it describes a model of network connectivity. Validation of the models shows that the degree estimate agrees, within 5% error, with simulations for the considered scenarios. The work presented in this paper serves as a basis for the performance evaluation of remaining performance metrics of routing protocols, vital for large scale deployment of ad-hoc networks.
Lymphocyte subsets and activation markers in patients with acute episodes of idiopathic anaphylaxis

Background Idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), a type of anaphylaxis in which no external allergen can be identified, is a corticosteroid-responsive disease, that suggests that it may have an immunologic pathogenesis. Objective The objective of this study is to compare patients with acute episodes of IA with normals, patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria, and patients with IA in remission relative to lymphocyte subsets and activation markers. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of 38 adults: 5 normals, 4 idiopathic urticaria, 11 IA patients in remission, 9 IA patients with acute attacks who had not yet received prednisone, and 9 IA patients who had received prednisone. The main outcome measures were lymphocyte subset and activation markers determined by two and three color flow cytometry (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD23, CD25, CD56, and HLA-DR). Results Comparing patients with acute IA with those in remission, the only significant difference was that the acute IA patients had a significantly higher percentage of CD3 + HLA-DR + cells. Normals had a significantly lower percentage of CD3 + HLA-DR + cells than all other groups. Patients with acute IA on prednisone as well as IA patients in remission had a significantly higher percentage of CD 19 + CD23 + cells than normals. Conclusions These results suggest that there are more activated T cells in patients with acute episodes of IA than in patients in remission. Perhaps, these activated T cells have a role in the pathogenesis of IA.
Chemodectomas of the glomus jugulare.

Chemodectomas of the glomus jugulare are best controlled by a combined approach where radical mastoidectomy is followed by 4500 rads external megavoltage irradiation. Postoperative radiotherapy both delays recurrences (by an average of 10 years) and reduces the frequency of recurrences. Approximately one half of all patients who were operated on but not irradiated have had recurrences. One third of all patients who had a successful operation with “complete” removal of the tumor, and who were not irradiated, have had a recurrence. One fourth of all the patients with chemodectomas who were operated on and irrradiated have had a recurrence, while none of the 16 patients with chemodectomas who received more than 4000 rads have had a recurrence. Surgery without irradiation is reserved for the infrequent patient who has a recurrence after a full course of radiation therapy, or when there is significant infection. Irradiation alone is indicated when there is extensive unresectable disease involving several cranial nerves. The patient with a chemodectoma should never be considered cured. The longer the patient is followed, the more likely is a recurrence.
Longitudinal Tire Force Estimation With Unknown Input Observer

This paper presents the development of a longitudinal tire force estimation algorithm. Rather than using highly nonlinear tire-road friction models, we propose a decentralized estimation algorithm which treats the longitudinal tire force of the individual wheel as an unknown input signal for the one-DOF wheel dynamic model. Two types of unknown input observers are designed to estimate the longitudinal tire force based on the wheel speed measurement in this study. To make the estimated tire force signals also satisfy the longitudinal dynamic model of the vehicle, the estimation results of the unknown input observer are integrated with the longitudinal acceleration measurement by using a projection method.Copyright © 2012 by ASME and General Motors
The Reminding Effect: Presentation of Associates Enhances Memory for Related Words in a List

One aspect of successful cognition is the efficient use of prior relevant knowledge in novel situations. Remindings—stimulus-guided retrievals of prior events—allow us to link prior knowledge to current problems by prompting us to retrieve relevant knowledge from events that are distant from the present. Theorizing in research on higher cognition makes much use of the concept of remindings, yet many basic mnemonic consequences of remindings are untested. Here we consider implications of reminding-based theories of the effects of repetition on memory (Benjamin & Tullis, 2010; Hintzman, 2011). Those theories suggest that the spacing of repeated presentations of material benefits memory when the later experience reminds the learner of the earlier one. When applied to memory for related, rather than repeated, material, these theories predict a reminding effect: a mnemonic boost caused by a nearby presentation of a related item. In 7 experiments, we assessed this prediction by having learners study lists of words that contained related word pairs. Recall performance for the first presentation in related pairs was higher than for equivalent items in unrelated pairs, while recognition performance for items in related pairs did not differ from those in unrelated pairs. Remindings benefit only the recollection of the retrieved episodes.
A method of unconstrained multiple comparisons with the best

There are three types of multiple comparisons: all-pairwise multiple comparisons (MCA), multiple comparisons with the best (MCB), and multiple comparisons with a control (MCC). There are also three levels of multiple comparisons inference: confidence sets, subset comparisons, test of homogeneity. In current practice, MCA procedures dominate. In correct attempts at more efficient comparisons, in the form of employing lower level MCA procedures for higher level inference, account for the most frequent abuses in multiple comparisons. A better strategy is to choose the correct type of inference at the level of inference desired. In particular, very often the simulataneous comparisons of each treatment with the best of the other treatments (MCB) suffice. Hsu (1984b) gave simultaneous confidence intervals for θi − maxj≠iθj having the simple form [− (Yi −maxj≠i Yj − C) (Yi−maxj≠i Yj + C)+]. Those intervals were constrained, sothat even if a treatment is inferred to be the best, no positive bound on how much it i...
Acoustic Behavior of Exhaust Heat Recovery Systems for Gas Turbines

Gas turbine exhaust heat recovery systems have demonstrated the ability to attenuate acoustic energy without the benefit of sound absorbing materials. This paper describes the mechanisms utilized by heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) and by regenerators to reduce exhaust noise. Included is a semi-empirical method by which the attenuation of an HRSG can be predicted. Attenuations exhibited by the heat recovery equipment are in excess of 10 dB.Copyright © 1973 by ASME
Predictors of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy in patients with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Abstract The relationship between arrhythmia density observed during ambulatory monitoring, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), and response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy was evaluated in 94 patients presenting with ventricular fibrillation (VF) (n = 20) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) (n = 74). Following baseline studies, an average of 4.9 antiarrhythmic drugs were tested singly ir each patient. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the density of VT on baseline ambulatory monitoring and initial left ventricular EF were independent predictors of drug efficacy. The 45 patients with an EF ≤ 35% responded to 34 ± 29% of drugs tested, whereas the 49 with an EF > 35% had arrhythmia suppression with 46 ± 28% of agents ( p p = 0.009). During a mean follow-up period of 12.9 months, the annual sudden death mortality for all patients was 9.3%. However, 8 of the 55 patients responding to p = 0.00005). In patients with an EF ≤ 35%, there were seven sudden deaths and 13 recurrences, while among those with an EF > 35%, only two patients died suddenly and six had recurrent arrhythmia ( p = 0.003). Stepwise logistic regression analysis disclosed that an EF of ≤35% and the percentage of effective antiarrhythmic drugs discriminated between patients with and without recurrence during long-term follow-up. Those data indicate that the density of VT on ambulatory monitoring and left ventricular function predict the ease of VT suppression with antiarrhythmic drugs. Long-term outcome in patients with malignant arrhythmias correlates with antiarrhythmic drug efficacy and left ventricular dysfunction.
Pressureless Sintering of Zirconium Diboride Using Boron Carbide and Carbon Additions

The synergistic roles of boron carbide and carbon additions in the enhanced densification of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) by pressureless sintering have been studied. ZrB2 was sintered to >99% relative density at 1900°C. The combination of 2 wt% boron carbide and 1 wt% carbon promoted densification by removing surface oxide impurities (ZrO2 and B2O3) and inhibiting grain growth. Four-point bending strength (473±43 MPa), Vickers' microhardness (19.6±0.4 GPa), fracture toughness (3.5±0.6 MPa·m1/2), and Young's modulus (507 GPa) were measured. Thermal gravimetry showed that the combination of additives did not have an adverse effect on the oxidation behavior.
An Open Educational Resource Supports a Diversity of Inquiry-Based Learning.

There have been numerous calls for research that demonstrates how open education resources (OERs) are actually being used. This case study sought to shed light on the users of a well-visited set of modular music-education materials published at Connexions. Respondents to a voluntary survey included teachers, students, self-directed learners, music ensemble participants, and casual learners. Most reported accessing individual modules on their own initiative, as part of a specific, immediate inquiry, rather than responding to institutional directives or following entire online courses. This was supported by computer-log records, which showed that most visitors to a module arrived from an Internet search for terms specific to that module. The study suggests that, for teachers and students as well as self-directed learners, one function of OERs is as a resource for just-in-time, inquiry-based learning.
Performance analysis of degradable multiprocessor systems

A method for performance evaluation of degradable multiprocessor systems with random failure and repair using hierarchical generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) model is presented. The failure and repair rates in a multiprocessor system are an order of magnitude smaller than the rates of job arrival and completion; therefore, the GSPN model can be decomposed into a hierarchical sequence of aggregated subnets, each of which is valid at a certain time scale. These smaller subnets can be solved in isolation and their results combined to get the solution of the hole system. The model of the aggregated network has a product-form solution, so performance analysis in the presence of failure and repair can be carried out without the additional complexity of a fault-free model. A multiprocessor system is analyzed which is intractable using conventional solution techniques. The complexity of the time-scale decomposition technique is found to be same as fault-free model without any significant loss in the accuracy of the result. >
Robust ultrasonic flaw detection using order statistic CFAR threshold estimators

Ultrasonic nondestructive imaging of critical defects is often hampered by the presence of interfering and random scatterers (i.e., clutter or grain echoes) associated with the defect's environment. The detection of broadband ultrasonic echoes for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) can be improved by using optimal bandpass filtering to resolve flaw echoes surrounded by grain scatterers. The optimal bandpass filtering is achieved by examining spectral information of the flaw and the grain echoes where frequency differences have been experimentally shown to be predictable. The flaw echoes can then be discriminated by using adaptive thresholding techniques based on surrounding range cells. The authors present order statistic (OS) based processors (ranked and trimmed mean) to robustly estimate the threshold while censoring outliers. The design of these OS processors is accomplished analytically based on constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection. The detector performance is compared with the cell averaging method. It is shown that the OS based CFAR processors can detect flaw echoes robustly. >
Foliar Responses that may Determine Plant Injury by Simulated Acid Rain

Experiments were performed to categorize the responses of foliage of several plant species after exposure to simulated acid rain in order to predict the relative sensitivities of plants to acid precipitation in nature. The present investigations were performed to (1) identify leaf indumentum responses, (2) determine histological responses, and (3) determine whole plant and individual leaf responses that may be used to diagnose acid rain injury. Plants were exposed to simulated rain at pH levels of 5.7, 3.4, 3.1, 2.9, 2.7, 2.5, and 2.3. Sporophyte leaves of bracken fern (P. aquilinum) and foliage of pinto bean, soybeans, and sunflower were most sensitive to simulated acid rain among the species tested. About 5% of the surface area of older leaves of sunflower, soybeans, and pinto beans was injured after exposure to 4 rainfalls at pH 2.5 (a single-six min rainfall every four days). Foliage of pin oak (Q. palustris) exhibited less than one-percent leaf area injury after exposure to simulated rain at pH 2.5 after 10 rainfalls (one-twenty min rainfall daily). The responses of poplar (Populus sp.) and spiderwort (Tradescantia sp.) were intermediate between these two extremes. Histological observations show that lesion development results in collapsed leaf tissue in most sensitive species. Gall formation that resulted from both cell hypertrophy (abnormal cell enlargement) and hyperplasia (abnormal cell proliferation) occurred in lesions of spiderwort, poplar, and oak. Limited hyperplastic and hypertrophic reactions occurred in soybean foliage after exposure to simulated acid rain but no leaf galls resulted, Sporophyte foliage P. aquilinum and leaves of pinto bean and sunflower exhibited neither hyperplasia nor hypertrophy after exposure to simulated acid rain. Injury occurred most frequently near vascular tissues and trichomes in all species. In general, plant species that show cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy of leaf tissues after exposure to simulated acid rain are injured less than species that do not show these responses.
The Disappearance of Adulthood

In 1982, Neil Postman wrote The Disappearance of Childhood. In that work, Postman recounted the invention of childhood in the modern world and its demise at the hands of, among other things, the electronic media (principally television). In Postman’s view, television had transformed education into ‘edutainment.’ The implications of this loss were devastating. Taking up where Postman left off I wish to reexamine his claim and amend and update his thesis by suggesting that, after the latest electronic turn, we now live in societies where a meaningful conception of adulthood is disappearing. It is disappearing, in part, because of an impoverished conception of citizenship. Yet it is additionally undermined because, claims to the ascendancy of the ‘knowledge worker’ notwithstanding, the fundamental connection between education and employment is unraveling. In this climate, the purposes of education are constantly queried and scrutinized as its telos is redefined by criteria external to the practice of education: cost-effectiveness, value-for-money, and so on. I suggest that only be reclaiming a meaningful conception of adulthood can education be defended and only by so doing can individuals hope to understand the world around them.
Nonsmooth output feedback stabilization of a class of genuinely nonlinear systems in the plane

In this note, we address the problem of output feedback stabilization for a class of planar systems that are inherently nonlinear in the sense that the linearized system at the origin is neither controllable nor observable. Moreover, the uncontrollable modes contain eigenvalues on the right-half plane. By the well-known necessary condition, such planar systems cannot be stabilized, even locally by any smooth output feedback, and hence must be dealt with by nonsmooth output feedback. The main contribution of this work is the development of a non-Lipschitz continuous output feedback design method that leads to a solution to the problem. The proposed output feedback control scheme is not based on the separation principle but rather, relies on the design of a reduced-order nonlinear observer from an earlier paper with an appropriate twist, and the tool of adding a power integrator. A non-Lipschitz continuous output feedback controller is explicitly constructed, achieving global stabilization of the planar systems without imposing the high-order growth conditions required in a previous paper.
eBooks on EBSCOhost

Scott Wasinger, Senior Director of Sales, eBooks & eAudiobooks at EBSCO Publishing, presented eBooks on EBSCOhost at the MidSouth eResource Symposium held at Mississippi State University Libraries on August 11, 2011. Wasinger briefly talked about how EBSCO Publishing acquired NetLibrary and the changes EBSCO made in order to create the platform/integration into EBSCOhost, which included expanded business models, content growth, and collection development options. Wasinger provided information on EBSCOadmin, EBSCO's lease and enhanced PDA models, downloading e-book options, introduction of the ePub format, and EBSCOhost Collection Manager.
It's not the model that matters--still lost in transition.

To improve integration of care across the spectrum, oncologists can engage survivors through patient-centered clinical practice and use survivorship care plans to support care coordination.
Acute stimulation of renin secretion changes the multiple form profile of active plasma renin.

Active renin is composed of multiple forms with variable isoelectric points. In this study, the relative proportions of five major active renin forms in human peripheral venous plasma were compared before and 2 h after stimulation of renin secretion with both converting enzyme inhibition (quinapril) and upright posture in five patients with essential hypertension. The five major active renin forms were separated by shallow gradient isoelectric focusing and quantitated by radioimmunoassay of generated angiotensin I. Plasma renin activity increased from 1.2 to 5.1 ng AI/mL/h (P less than .05). This was accompanied by a significant increase in the proportions of the two most basic renin forms and a significant decrease in the proportion of the most acidic form in venous plasma. Although the mechanism cannot be determined from this study, the altered renin form profile observed could have resulted from preferential renal secretion and/or altered hepatic extraction of the more basic forms. An altered renin form profile in response to acute stimulation has important physiologic implications. Since the relatively basic renin forms are preferentially degraded they possess shorter half-lives. Additionally, the multiple forms of active renin may be functionally heterogenous. Thus, acute stimulation of renin secretion may result in circulating renin with a shorter duration of action and different functional effects than renin released under steady state conditions.