cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Detection of Human Papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Intraepithelial, in Situ, Verrucous and Invasive Carcinoma of the Penis

AbstractPurpose: We study the prevalence of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in squamous cell carcinoma and control tissue of the penis.Materials and Methods: The technique of polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification was used to detect specific human papillomavirus DNA sequences in archival pathological and control tissues. We analyzed 42 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 13 of carcinoma in situ, 12 of penile intraepithelial neoplasia, 3 of verrucous carcinoma and 25 of balanitis xerotica obliterans, as well as 29 routine neonatal circumcision specimens and 32 adult circumcision specimens.Results: Overall, the detection rates for human papillomavirus DNA in the study and control tissues were 55 percent (23 of 42 cases) for invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 92 percent (12 of 13) for carcinoma in situ, 92 percent (11 of 12) for penile intraepithelial neoplasia, 0 percent (0 of 3) for verrucous carcinoma, 4 percent (1 of 25) for balanitis xerotica obliterans, 0 percent (0 of 29) f...
Workshop: The utility of next generation sequencing for genome scale studies

Molecular biological enquiry has entered a new age in the last few years with the development of high-throughput, massively parallel data acquisition platforms. Since it's advent with the introduction of gene microarrays early in this century, the technology has continued to evolve at an astonishing pace into sequencers capable of millions to billions of sequencing reads in one instrument run. After introducing the platforms, applications and advances in next generation sequencing technologies, I will discuss our involvement with several genome sequencing initiatives, focusing more closely on the tammar wallaby genome project.
Introduction–Food Banks of the Future: Organizations Dedicated to Improving Food Security and Protecting the Health of the People They Serve

Four decades ago, the nation was shocked to learn of the extent of hunger in a land and time of prosperity and opportunity.1 Concern arising from this national inquiry led to an expansion of federa...
Comparative analysis of training delivery methods for new employees cleaning and sanitizing retail deli slicers: An exploratory study

Abstract The objectives of this study were to characterize the performance of new employees receiving four types of training delivery methods and determine which training method was most effective in interpretation and execution as measured by temporal performance, ATP bioluminescence and participant survey. Participants with limited food service experience received one of four types of food safety training delivery methods for cleaning and operating a meat slicer. The food safety training delivery methods included; no instruction, written instruction, demonstrations and written instruction with demonstrations. Participants were then instructed to slice four slices of bologna and then clean the slicer based on the training they received. Temporal performance as measured by time was recorded per participant and adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence (ATP-B) was measured to determine the hygienic condition of the slicer post cleaning. Next, participants were given a survey asking them to list the steps for cleaning a deli slicer in proper order and their perceived cleanliness of the slicer based on the training delivery method. When written instruction and demonstrations was used as a delivery method, temporal performance increased, ATP-B readings were lower and participants perceived it as an effective training method.
Antigen-specific suppression of the in vitro cytotoxic response by a soluble factor produced by corynebacterium parvum-induced allospecific suppressor cells☆

Abstract The adjuvant Corynebacterium parvum , when administered intravenously during an ongoing alloimmunization, induces alloantigen-specific splenic suppressor cells which inhibit primary and secondary in vitro sensitizations. We have previously shown that these cells produce a soluble suppressor factor in culture. We now further characterize this factor and its mechanism of action. Release of this suppressive factor is dependent upon specific restimulation of the splenic suppressor cell with the sensitizing alloantigen for 24–48 hr in culture. The suppressor factor inhibits primary, but not secondary, in vitro sensitizations in an antigen-specific, genetically unrestricted manner. The suppressive activity is not absorbed by passage through immunoadsorbent columns containing anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The factor does not lyse tumor cells bearing the sensitizing alloantigen. Delay in addition to primary cultures of as little as 4 hr after culture initiation leads to loss of suppressive activity, suggesting that this antigen-specific allosuppressor factor inhibits an early step in the sensitization of precursor cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Intimate Partner Abuse among African American Lesbians: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Theory, and Resilience

The purpose of this article is to present an intersectionality-based model for conceptualizing the risk factors associated with intimate partner abuse (IPA) among African American lesbians. The available literature on prevalence and risk factors associated with IPA suggests that: (a) estimates of prevalence rates for African American lesbian IPA could range from 25 % to 40 %, with the higher end of the range representing the inclusion of nonphysical forms of abuse (i.e., verbal abuse, intimidation, and coercion); and (b) the risk factors most likely to be associated with IPA for this population include poverty, history of trauma and mental health symptoms (including substance abuse), in addition to distress caused by multiple and intersecting forms of oppression (i.e., racialized, classist sexism and heterosexism). The model demonstrates the manner in which all of these risk factors intersect to create disproportionately high risk for this underresearched and underserved population. A psychodynamically based model is also presented that illustrates the cycle of abuse within an African American lesbian relationship. Finally, a model depicting the most likely protective factors segues into a brief concluding discussion about the implications for intervention, prevention, policy, education, and future research.
A Comparison of Microdosimetric Measurements with Spherical Proportional Counters and Solid-State Detectors

Microdosimetric spectra for range-modulated negative pion beams have been measured by two methods. Data were obtained with a Rossi-type tissue-equivalent spherical proportional counter of 1.3 cm radius and at an equivalent diameter of 2 ..mu..m in unit density tissue. Corresponding measurements were performed with a 7-..mu..m-thick, 0.1-cm-radius lithium-drifted silicon detector. A comparison is warranted since both techniques are being used in clinical trials to characterize the radiation quality of the beams. A comparison of the results shows significant differences in both the absolute magnitudes and shapes of the lineal energy spectra. Monte Carlo calculations indicate that these differences result primarily from the different diameters of the two detectors as well as from their different thicknesses. Attempts to unfold LET distributions from the silicon detector data using conventional algorithms prove unsatisfactory because of the large fraction of events from particles which start or stop in the detector. The relative merits of the two techniques are discussed in relation to the present use of both methods in connection with therapeutic programs.
Activation of Trp3 by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors through displacement of inhibitory calmodulin from a common binding domain

Mammalian homologues of Drosophila Trp form plasma membrane channels that mediate Ca2+ influx in response to activation of phospholipase C and internal Ca2+ store depletion. Previous studies showed that human Trp3 is activated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) and identified interacting domains, one on Trp and two on IP3R. We now find that Trp3 binds Ca2+-calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) at a site that overlaps with the IP3R binding domain. Using patch-clamp recordings from inside-out patches, we further show that Trp3 has a high intrinsic activity that is suppressed by Ca2+/CaM under resting conditions, and that Trp3 is activated by the following: a Trp-binding peptide from IP3R that displaces CaM from Trp3, a myosin light chain kinase Ca2+/CaM binding peptide that prevents CaM from binding to Trp3, and calmidazolium, an inactivator of Ca2+/CaM. We conclude that inhibition of the inhibitory action of CaM is a key step of Trp3 channel activation by IP3Rs.
Radiation hepatology of the rat: Association of the production of prostacyclin with radiation-induced hepatic fibrosis

The hypothesis that hepatic fibrosis is preceded by inflammation and formation of prostanoids from arachidonic acid liberated from damaged cell membranes was investigated. Liver slices were prepared using a Krumdieck precision tissue slicer from sham-irradiated rats or from rats whose livers had been irradiated with 25 Gy {sup 137}Cs {gamma} rays in which injury was allowed to develop in vivo for 6 to 55 days. Unused portions of the liver were analyzed for hydroxyproline content to determine hepatic fibrosis. A unique organ culture system was used to incubate liver slices for 2 h. Secretion into the incubation medium of aspartate aminotransferase and 6-keto prostaglandin F{sub 1{alpha}} were measured to quantify damage to the hepatocyte membrane and production of prostacyclin, respectively. A threefold increase in the concentration of 6-keto prostaglandin F{sub 1{alpha}} in the medium was evident by 13 days after irradiation. This elevated concentration of 6-keto prostaglandin F{sub 1{alpha}} persisted for the remainder of the study and preceded fibrosis, as measured by liver hydroxyproline concentration, and hepatocyte membrane damage, as measured by release of aspartate aminotransferase into the incubation medium or plasma. We therefore suggest that, in the nonregenerating liver, damage and breakdown of nonparenchymal liver cell membrane is themore » principal source of 6-keto prostaglandin F1. These results are also compatible with the supposition that inflammation and release of arachidonic acid metabolites are one of the early biochemical events leading to hepatic fibrosis. How the release of arachidonic acid metabolites might initiate and sustain radiation-induced fibrosis is discussed. An explanation for the difference in liver fibrosis induced by chemicals and radiation is also presented. 30 refs., 5 figs.« less
The effect of roughness on the magnetoresistance of Fe/Cr multilayers

Abstract We investigated magnetoresistance in wedged Fe/Cr multilayers grown at several sputtering pressures. Low angle X-ray scattering showed that interface roughness increased with higher sputtering pressure. The increased roughness was accompanied by an increased in saturation resistance, which results in a decrease in fractional magnetoresistance. The maximum magnetoresistance (measured at room temperature) was 7.3 and 4.0% for the films grown at 1.4 and 10 mT Ar, respectively, both at the region with 13 Aring; Cr layers.
EFFECTIVE MODELLING OF A MAJOR INLAND OIL SPILL ON THE OHIO RIVER

Abstract A model of a large (2700 m 3 ) inland oil spill on the Monongahela/Ohio River System, U.S.A. on 2 January 1988 is developed to estimate the fate and transport time of the oil for 600 km downstream. The emphasis is on developing an effective modelling procedure that balances accuracy with simplicity, is user friendly, and is easily applicable to future spills. Model calibration with oil concentration data suggests that loss of oil due to sedimentation was important. After calibration, the model estimates that 1400 m 3 or 52% of the spilled oil ended up in the sediments, most of it in the first few reservoir pools along the river. Both the model and field data agree on similar peak concentrations of oil of between 1.0 and 2.5 ppm (by volume) in the river pools between 130 and 240 km downstream of the spill. The model was further validated by comparing the output with the actual time of travel of the oil spill. Other simulations include the use of resuspension of oil during high flow conditions and an investigation of the role of storms on the time of travel of the oil spill. Model results suggest that the location of the most significant ecological impact was not at the spill site but was between 130 and 240 km further downstream of the greater exposure time there.
Asymmetric Vault Modification in Hopi Crania

Cradleboarding was practiced by numerous prehistoric and historic populations, including the Hopi. In this group, one result of cradleboarding was bilateral or asymmetric flattening of the posterior occipital. We test whether cradleboarding had significant effects on the morphology of the cranial vault, cranial base, and face. Additionally, we examine associations between direction of flattening and asymmetric craniofacial growth. A skeletal sample of Hopi from the Old Walpi site includes both nonmodified (N = 43) and modified individuals (N = 39). Three-dimensional coordinates of 53 landmarks were obtained using a diagraph. Thirty-six landmarks were used to define nine finite elements in the cranial vault, cranial base, and face. Finite element scaling was used to compare average nonmodified individuals, with averages of bilaterally, right, and left modified individuals. The significance of variation among "treatment" groups was evaluated using a bootstrap test. Pearson product-moment correlations test the association of asymmetry with direction of modification. Hopi cradleboarding has a significant effect on growth of the cranial vault, but does not affect morphology of the cranial base or face. Bilateral flattening of the cranial vault leads to decreased length and increased width of the cranial vault. Flattening of the right or left cranial vault results in ipsilaterally decreased length and width coupled with a corresponding increased length and width on the contralateral side of the cranial vault. There is a significant correlation of size asymmetry with direction of modification in the cranial vault, but not with size or shape change in the cranial base or face.
Sound index: charts for the people, by the people

Mining the wisdom of the online crowds generates music business intelligence, identifying what's hot and what's not.
Cellular fatty acid composition of nine pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris.

Cellular fatty acids of 80 strains of Xanthomonas campestris, representing 9 different pathovars, were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. A total of 48 fatty acids were identified, the most important being the 16:0 (averaging at least 4.5 % of the total), the cis- and trans- 9 16 : 1 (over 14.4 %), and the iso and anteiso 15 : 0 (over 30 %). Other major fatty acids (averaging over 1 % of total) were the saturated 14 : 0 and 15 : 0, the hydroxy-substituted iso 3-OH 11 : 0, 3-OH 12 : 0 and iso 3-OH 13 : 0, and the branch-chained iso 11 : 0, iso 16 : 0, iso 17 : 1, iso 17 : 0 and anteiso 17 : 0. Of 33 minor fatty acids detected and identified, only 7 have been previously reported in the xanthomonads. Significant differences in mean percentages of 5 major fatty acids and 4 (chemical) class totals were detected among pathovars, which statistically segregated into three groups by rank analysis. X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae was in a group by itself; pvs. campestris, citri (pathotypes A and B), manihotis, phaseoli, pruni and vesicatoria were in a seond group, and pvs. glycines, begonia and citri (pathotype E) were in a third.
Derivation of the chemical-equilibrium rate coefficient using scattering theory

Scattering theory is applied to derive the equilibrium rate coefficient for a general homogeneous chemical reaction involving ideal gases. The reaction rate is expressed in terms of the product of a number of normalized momentum distribution functions, the product of the number of molecules with a given internal energy state, and the spin-averaged T-matrix elements. An expression for momentum distribution at equilibrium for an arbitrary molecule is presented, and the number of molecules with a given internal-energy state is represented by an expression which includes the partition function.
Proteomic analysis of media from lung cancer cells reveals role of 14-3-3 proteins in cachexia

AIMS: At the time of diagnosis, 60% of lung cancer patients present with cachexia, a severe wasting syndrome that increases morbidity and mortality. Tumors secrete multiple factors that contribute to cachectic muscle wasting, and not all of these factors have been identified. We used Orbitrap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to identify novel cachexia-inducing candidates in media conditioned with Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LCM). Results: One-hundred and fifty-eight proteins were confirmed in three biological replicates. Thirty-three were identified as secreted proteins, including 14-3-3 proteins, which are highly conserved adaptor proteins known to have over 200 binding partners. We confirmed the presence of extracellular 14-3-3 proteins in LCM via western blot and discovered that LCM contained less 14-3-3 content than media conditioned with C2C12 myotubes. Using a neutralizing antibody, we depleted extracellular 14-3-3 proteins in myotube culture medium, which resulted in diminished myosin content. We identified the proposed receptor for 14-3-3 proteins, CD13, in differentiated C2C12 myotubes and found that inhibiting CD13 via Bestatin also resulted in diminished myosin content. Conclusions: Our novel findings show that extracellular 14-3-3 proteins may act as previously unidentified myokines and may signal via CD13 to help maintain muscle mass.
Reputatie, Reputation, Réputation, Reputazione, Ruf: A cross-cultural Qualitative Analysis of Construct and Instrument Equivalence

Constructs and theories identified, analyzed and tested in North America have been criticized for lacking validity in other cultures or institutional environments. In recognition of these critiques this project uses focus groups to examine the cross-cultural construct equivalence of corporate reputation and the instrument equivalence of the Reputation Quotient (RQ)sm. Overall, there is support for current conceptualizations of corporate reputation and the RQ as a scale for its measurement. In addition, potential cross-cultural differences are noted in corporate reputation's antecedents, such as parochialism. The focus groups also suggest that additional items may be required for the RQ to make it more comprehensive cross-culturally.
A quantum dynamical treatment of symmetry-induced kinetic isotope effects in the formation of He2+

Kinetic isotope effects for He(2)(+) formation are calculated quantum dynamically using high-quality Born-Oppenheimer (BO) potentials for two electronic states of He(2)(+) and an accurate treatment of all nonadiabatic BO corrections. The two potentials are coupled only when the helium isotopes are different, and the calculations reveal that this coupling is sufficient to allow the two sets of distinguishable reactants, (4)He(+) + (3)He or (3)He(+) + (4)He, to yield He(2)(+) with comparable efficiency over a wide temperature range. Consequently, the potential coupling provides a significant formation rate enhancement for the low isotopic symmetry reactants, as compared to the symmetrical cases (e.g., (4)He(+) + (4)He or (3)He(+) + (3)He). The computed symmetry-induced kinetic isotope effects (SIKIEs) are in substantial agreement with the available experimental results and represent the first theoretical demonstration of this unusual kinetic phenomenon. Possible application of SIKIE to ozone formation and other chemical systems is discussed.
25-Hydroxycholecalciferol: Specific binding by rachitic tissue extracts

In vitro incubation of 3H-25-hydroxycholecalciferol with 105,000 x g supernatants from homogenates of rachitic rat kidney and skeletal muscle resulted in sedimentation of radioactivity at 5–6 S, in contrast to the 3–4 S sedimentation observed when the sterol was incubated with rachitic serum. The binding of 3H-25-hydroxycholecalciferol by these tissue extracts was reduced by exposure to anti-rachitic sterols containing an open B ring with C10 methylene and C9 hydrogenation, and by pre-incubation of the extracts with trypsin.
TCP-Driven Biological Planning for High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

Purpose/Objective(s): Tumor control probability (TCP) measures the probability that no malignant cells are left in the affected organ. It is thus an important clinical metric for measuring treatment success. Zaider and Minerbo provide a complex yet important TCP formalism which links the treatment duration, dose deposit, radiobiology of tumor cells and cell life characteristics. We perform feasibility tests on TCP-driven biological planning for high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) where the objective maximizes TCP of the resulting plans. Robustness of the planning is tested, and plan quality and potential outcome significance are evaluated. Materials/Methods: CT and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose based-PET images are obtained for 15 cervical cancer patients. All received prior external beam radiation. The CTV prescribed dose is 5 Gy for 4 fractionations, with the PET-identified pockets prescribed an escalated dose ranging from 7.59.0 Gy per fraction. The treatment model determines the dwell time and seed location that maximizes TCP while constraining PTV coverage, the lower/upper dose, and dose-volume shape for organs-at-risk and PTV. Two alternative plans are contrasted: standard HDR plan and PET-pocket escalated plan. Results: TCP for standard plans ranges from 48-63% whereas TCP for PET-guided escalated plans ranges from 82-99%. The increase is most significant with the smallest PET-identified pockets. Uniformly, bladder and rectum receive 5-8% reduced dose. There is a marginal difference in PTV dose between the standard and escalated plans. All resulting TCPdriven plans are clinically acceptable. Conclusions: TCP can be a very important objective for treatment plan optimization. With advances in biological/functional imaging, there is an urgent need to incorporate radiobiological parameters and TCP within the planning process. This study marks the first use of TCP as the driving objective for treatment planning. Although the optimization problem is very difficult to solve and requires computational breakthroughs, the resulting plans improve significantly the overall local tumor control, and also reduce dose to organs at risk. Rush University began clinical studies in July 2011. A long term outcome study must be carried out to gauge the overall impact. Author Disclosure: E.K. Lee: None. F. Yuan: None. A. Templeton: None. R. Yao: None. K. Kiel: None. J. Chu: None.
Quantitation of the RNA Polymerase II Transcription Machinery in Yeast

TAP tags and dot blot analysis have been used to measure the amounts of RNA polymerase II transcription proteins in crude yeast extracts. The measurements showed comparable amounts of RNA polymerase II, TFIIE, and TFIIF, lower levels of TBP and TFIIB, and still lower levels of Mediator and TFIIH. These findings are consistent with the presumed roles of the transcription proteins, but do not support the idea of their recruitment in a single large complex to RNA polymerase II promoters. The approach employed here can be readily extended to quantitative analysis of the entire yeast proteome.
Workforce Diversity and the Internet.

Abstract Workforce diversity is an emerging field in which the quantity of instructional and research material is limited. This article encourages business educators to take advantage of the Internet as a supplemental instructional and research resource. A sampling of Internet sites, complete with location references, gives the reader a starting point for assembling his or her own online resource guide.
High‐Temperature Produced Catalytic Sites Selective for n‐Alkane Dehydrogenation in Acid Zeolites: The Case of HZSM‐5

The effect of high-temperature treatment on the catalytic activity and selectivity of two HZSM5 samples has been investigated by using propane activation as the test reaction. The samples have been characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, FTIR spectroscopy, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Before high-temperature treatment, the samples have activation energies and selectivity toward propane cracking versus dehydrogenation comparable with similar samples reported in the literature. After high-temperature treatment (825 °C in N2), the sample’s microporous and crystalline structure remains nearly intact, but a clear decrease in the number of Bronsted-acid sites is detected by using FTIR and ammonia TPD. Despite the decrease (≈70 %), the rate of reaction is about the same before and after heating. The selectivity toward dehydrogenation, however, increases by at least a factor of 2, whereas the activation energy for dehydrogenation decreases considerably. This is evidence that new catalytic sites are formed upon dehydroxylation. By using naphthalene as a probe molecule, it is shown that the new sites have the ability to form stable radical cations out of the neutral naphthalene, which suggests that the new sites activate propane by a redox mechanism. The kinetic isotope effect on the rate of dehydrogenation is also consistent with a redox process. The effect of heating in an oxygen atmosphere at lower temperatures was also investigated and only minor effects on reaction rates and selectivity were observed. Naphthalene adsorption experiments on oxygen-treated samples, however, produce more radical cations than on the samples treated at high temperatures, a result that does not correlate with the dehydrogenation activity of oxygen-treated samples.
Prospective n-type impurities and methods of diamond doping☆

Abstract A major goal of diamond thin film technology research has been the reproducible production of p-n junctions, which are the basic units of many electronic devices. While p-type conductivity is relatively easily attained by boron doping, n-type conductivity has proved much harder to achieve. The experimental and theoretical results on prospective donor impurities are reviewed. In analogy with classical semiconductors, we will discuss the possibility of obtaining n-type diamond by using substitutional impurity atoms (nitrogen and phosphorus) and interstitial atoms (Li and Na). New methods of forced diffusion and ion assisted doping during growth are discussed. Methods of forced introduction of impurities into the diamond lattice have an important advantage over traditional ion implantation methods. Ion implantation introduces structural defects (vacancies, vacancy + interstitial, and their combinations) that are difficult to cure. Both methods, forced diffusion and ion assisted doping during growth, introduce no additional structural defects, except that inherent to the impurity itself.
Importance of two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function in patients presenting to the emergency room with cardiac-related symptoms.

BACKGROUNDThis prospective study was designed to test the hypothesis that the assessment of left ventricular systolic function at the time of emergency room (ER) presentation provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with cardiac-related symptoms.METHODS AND RESULTSThe study is based on a 2-year follow-up of 171 consecutive patients evaluated in the ER for such symptoms. In the course of follow-up, one third of the patients (55 of 171) suffered a major cardiac event. For those with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), the age-adjusted rate of early events (occurring within 48 hours of presentation) was more than eight times higher than for those without LVSD (26.9% versus 3.3%, p less than 0.01). For events occurring after 48 hours of ER presentation, LVSD was associated with a nearly fourfold excess of cardiac events (23.9% versus 6.4%, p less than 0.01). Other than advanced age, the most important confounder for early events included an abnormal electrocardiogram diagn...
A Parametric Analysis of High-Contact-Ratio Spur Gears

A computer program has been developed to design external spur gears having normal contact ratios (<2.0) and high contact ratios (≥ 22.0). This program has been used to study the effects of changes in some gear parameters on several performance factors of high-contact-ratio gears. The results are compared with those for the equivalent normal-contact-ratio gears. The study shows that a high-contact-ratio gear obtained by increasing the addendum of an equivalent normal-contact-ratio gear will have lower bending and compressive stresses (favorable) and increased friction heat generation and flash temperatures (unfavorable). Presented at the 30th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, May 5–8, 1975
Characteristics of primary electric propulsion systems

The use of advanced electric propulsion systems is expected to provide cost and performance benefits for future energetic space missions. A methodology to predict the characteristics of advanced electric propulsion systems was developed and programmed for computer calculations to allow evaluation of a broad set of technology and mission assumptions. The impact on overall thrust system characteristics was assessed for variations of propellant type, total accelerating voltage, thruster area, specific impulse, and power system approach. The data may be used both to provide direction to technology emphasis and allow for preliminary estimates of electric propulsion system properties for a wide variety of applications.
A community needs assessment for palliative care services from a hospice organization.

Background: Palliative care is described as comprehensive care focused on preventing or relieving physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual suffering in patients with life-threatening illnesses. As national interest in increasing access to palliative care grows, hospice organizations may consider expanding their missions to provide palliative care to individuals with chronic and life-limiting illnesses who do not meet traditional hospice criteria. Before expanding operations, hospice organizations must know if there is need and support within the communities they serve. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess perceived need for palliative care services in a small metropolitan area in the Midwest served by a nonprofit community-based hospice organization. Design: A survey approach was used. Settings/subjects: Surveys were distributed to health care professionals and lay individuals in the community by mail or in person. A total of 576 surveys were distributed; 195 were completed and retu...
Ashes2Art: Collaboration and Community in the Humanities

Ashes2Art is the integration of research and pedagogy in digital reconstructions of ancient monuments, data retrieval matrices, open source software and intercollegiate collaboration. The program's immediate focus is 4th century BCE Delphi, Greece. A joint effort among faculty and undergraduate students at Coastal Carolina University and Arkansas State University, Ashes2Art combines art history, archaeology, Web design, digital modeling, panoramic photography, animation, video and site-specific travel.
Body mass index gain, fast food, and physical activity: effects of shared environments over time.

Objective: The magnitude of environmental vs. genetic effects on BMI, diet, and physical activity (PA) is widely debated. We followed a sibling cohort (where individuals shared households in childhood and adolescence) to young adulthood (when some continued sharing households and others lived apart) to examine the role of discordant environments in adult twins’ divergent trends in BMI and health behaviors and to quantify the variation in BMI and behavior among all siblings that is attributable to environmental and additive genetic effects. Research Methods and Procedures: In the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, siblings sharing households for ≥10 years as adolescents (mean age = 16.5 ± 1.7 years; N = 5524) were followed into adulthood (mean = 22.4 ± 1.8 years; N = 4368), self-reporting PA, sedentary behavior, and dietary characteristics. Adult BMI and adolescent z scores were derived from measured height and weight. Results: Compared with those living together, twins living apart exhibited greater discordance in change in BMI, PA, and fast food intake from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescent household environments accounted for 8% to 10% of variation in adolescent fast food intake and sedentary behaviors and 50% of variation in adolescent overweight. Adolescent household effects on PA were substantially greater in young adulthood (accounting for 50% of variation) vs. adolescence. Young adult fast food intake was significantly affected by young adult household environment, accounting for 12% of variation. Discussion: These findings highlight important environmental influences on BMI, PA, and fast food intake during the transition to adulthood. Household and physical environments play an important role in establishing long-term behavior patterns.
Assessing student pharmacists' ability to identify drug-related problems in patients within a patient-centered medical home.

Objective. To quantify, describe, and categorize patient drug-related problems (DRPs) and recommendations identified by fourth-year (P4) student pharmacists during a live medication reconciliation activity within a patient-centered medical home (PCMH). Methods. Fourth-year student pharmacists conducted chart reviews, identified and documented DRPs, obtained live medication histories, and immediately provided findings and recommendations to the attending physicians. Documentation of DRPs and recommendations were analyzed retrospectively. Results. Thirty-eight students completed 99 medication reconciliation sessions from June 2011 to October 2012 during their advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). The students obtained 676 patient medication histories and identified or intervened on 1308 DRPs. The most common DRPs reported were incomplete medication list and diagnostic/laboratory testing needed. Physicians accepted 1,018 (approximately 78%) recommendations. Conclusion. Student pharmacists successfully identified and reduced DRPs through a live medication reconciliation process within an academic-based PCMH model. Their medication history-taking skills improved and medication use was optimized.
First congress of “Alcoholism and stress: A framework for future treatment strategies”: Introduction to the proceeding.

The first International Conference entitled ‘‘Alcoholism and Stress: a Framework for Future Treatment Strategies’’ was held at the Centro Studi Congress Center of the Cassa di Risparmio di Volterra, in Volterra, Pisa, Italy from May 6 to 8, 2008. The conference was organized and directed by Drs. Marisa Roberto and George F. Koob, with the invaluable assistance of Dr. Maureen T. Cruz from The Committee on the Neurobiology of Addicted Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute. The final attendance totaled 142 scientists from 11 different countries. The primary focus of the Conference was to disseminate knowledge of recent research findings, and to foster alcohol-related research collaboration to an audience that otherwise would have had limited access to such a venue and body of knowledge (this includes the European countries). There were many eminent European alcohol and stress researchers, especially in the areas of pharmacotherapeutics, neuropathology, and molecular biology. There were three central themes: the neuroscience of addiction; mechanisms of stress-induced drinking; and research into treatment and other interventions. Many of the symposia also addressed biomedical issues that help in the understanding of mechanisms of action and prevention of organ damage. The meeting program is available at http://volterraconference.com/home.htm. Four theme-related plenary or keynote lectures were held. Dr. Ting-Kai Li, Director, NIAAA, presented the opening keynote ‘‘Introductory Remarks,’’ and Dr. Wylie Vale from the Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA discussed ‘‘The role of corticotropin releasing factor and urocortin family in the basic stress response.’’ Dr. Kathleen A. Grant from Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA, presented ‘‘Psychogenic stress, alcohol-induced stress and alcoholic drinking phenotype’’ and Dr. George F. Koob from The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA, discussed ‘‘Brain arousal-stress system in alcoholism.’’ There were 16 theme-related symposia during the 3 days of the meeting. This large number of symposia for this
Printed monolithic interconnects for photovoltaic applications

Monolithic interconnects in photovoltaic modules connect adjacent cells in series, and are typically formed sequentially, involving multiple deposition and scribing steps. Interconnect widths on the order of 500 µm every 10 mm result in about 5% dead area, which does not contribute to power generation in an interconnected solar panel. This work introduces an alternative interconnection method capable of producing interconnect widths of less than 100 µm, which can be accomplished in a single pass after deposition of active layers and electrodes. This alternative method can be used for all types of thin film photovoltaics. Voltage addition using printed interconnects and ongoing efforts to optimize performance of modules with printed interconnect are discussed.
Postimperialism and development in Thailand

Abstract This article examines postimperialist claims that foreign investment provides opportunities for local capitalists in less-developed countries to strengthen themselves economically. Its focus is the Thai textile industry. The article examines complementarities between foreign investors and local capitalists, the kinds of disputes which have emerged between them, and why local capitalists have been successful in these disputes. While finding support for postimperialist hypotheses, the article also addresses weaknesses of postimperialism and suggests directions for future research. One is the role of foreign investors in resolving industry-wide collective action problems which must be settled to insure continued rapid economic growth in Thailand.
Subacute Thrombosis and Vascular Injury Resulting From Slotted-Tube Nitinol and Stainless Steel Stents in a Rabbit Carotid Artery Model

Background Our objectives were to quantify the thrombogenicity and extent of vascular injury created by slotted-tube geometry stainless steel and nitinol coronary stents in a rabbit carotid artery model. Methods and Results Stents were implanted in rabbit right carotid arteries without antiplatelet therapy. Stainless steel stents were implanted for 4 days while nitinol stents were placed for 4 and 14 days (n=8, 8, and 6, respectively). Stent thrombosis was assessed by thrombus weight, grading thrombus encroachment of the lumen, and by blood flow in the stented and contralateral arteries. Stainless steel stents at 4 days contained more thrombus than 4- and 14-day nitinol stents (20.0±5.9 versus 2.5±0.6 and 2.7±0.3 mg, respectively; P<.000001). Stainless steel stents were more often occluded by thrombus (6 of 8) or contained more subocclusive thrombus (2 of 8) than nitinol stents (0 of 14, P<.002). Resting blood flow was reduced in arteries with stainless steel stents compared with 4- and 14-day nitinol ste...
The association of fetal genotype for the MTHFR gene and preterm premature rupture of membranes

PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AMIE HOLLARD, RHONDA FLORA, PAMELA RUMNEY, JUDITH CHUNG, MICHAEL NAGEOTTE, University of California, Irvine, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Lincoln, Nebraska, University of California, Irvine, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Orange, California, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Long Beach, California OBJECTIVE: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a role in folate/homocysteine metabolism. The common polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene are C677T and A1298C, the presence of which has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Given that folate and homocysteine are involved in collagen synthesis, we hypothesize the presence of MTHFR mutations in the fetus may increase the risk for preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). STUDY DESIGN: A nested case control pilot study of 2 groups. Group I (n = 18): patients with PPROM delivering between 24 and 35 weeks. Group II (n = 25): patients without PPROM delivering between 24 and 42 weeks. Patients with diabetes, hypertension, preeclampsia, or multiple gestations were excluded. At delivery, a placental biopsy was obtained. The fetal RNA was extracted and multiplex PCR/ RFLP was performed for the presence of C677T and A1298C alleles. Univariate analysis, Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact, & unpaired t tests were used as appropriate. Significance was set at P ! .05. RESULTS: The allele frequencies for C677T & A1298C are 28% & 44%, and 48% & 44% for Group I and Group II respectively . In Group II, there was an equal distribution of of the alleles between patients delivering at ! or >34 weeks gestation. In the Caucasion patients, 100% of Group I patients and only 60% of Group II patients had one or more mutations present. However, in the combined population there was no overall increased risk of PPROM if the fetus had one or more C677T P = .31) or A1298C mutations (P = .98). CONCLUSION: In our study, it appears that the presence of fetal C677T and A1298C polymorphisms are not uniquely associated with PPROM, but it may influence PPROM in certain ethnic groups. The effect of maternal genotype was not evaluated in this study, there may be additive effect when both genotypes are considered concurrently. An unexpected finding in this study was the large number of control patients with either mutation. A larger sample size is needed to discern if a true association is found between the presence of MTHFR mutations and PPROM. S112 SMFM Abstracts
The 1150–1300 Å absorption spectrum of O2 at 930 K

Abstract The absorption spectrum of O2 has been investigated at 930 K in the 1150–1300 A region. Hot bands associated with ν″ = 1 in the ground state have been seen for each of the strong O2 bands observed over this wavelength range. The 1269 A band, the identity of which has been somewhat controversial, is shown to be the 0–1 band of the B′3Σu−−X3Σg− transition.
ADHD and Method Variance A Latent Variable Approach Applied to a Nationally Representative Sample of College Freshmen

This study employed a correlated trait-correlated method application of confirmatory factor analysis to disentangle trait and method variance from measures of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder obtained at the college level. The two trait factors were Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV ) Inattention and DSM-IV Hyperactivity-Impulsivity. The two source factors were self-reports and parent-reports. Data were collected for an epidemiological sample (N = 1,079) of college freshmen stratified for race/ethnicity, gender, and ability level according to national targets for the U.S. college population. Results revealed (a) parents' ratings were better measures of internalizing behavioral dimensions and that students' ratings were better measures of externalizing dimensions of behavior, (b) informants have a greater impact on behavior ratings than the behavioral construct that is presumed to be the primary cause of the behavior as measured by the CARE, (c) relationships among the method factors revealed a substantial amount of unique variance among informants, and (d) relationships among trait factors were largely within expectation.
MMPI discriminators of deficit vs. non-deficit recent-onset schizophrenia patients

Abstract Seventy-four patients with a recent initial onset of schizophrenia were studied during an inpatient hospitalization for a recent onset of schizophrenia as well as during a 12-month period of outpatient treatment as part of a large longitudinal study at UCLA. The Proxy for the Deficit Syndrome (PDS; Kirkpatrick, B., Buchanan, R.W., Carpenter, W.T., 1993. Case identification and stability of the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research 47, 47–56.) was calculated based on psychiatric symptoms rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale every 2 weeks throughout the 12 months. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was administered to the schizophrenia patients at the index hospitalization. The 168-item version of the MMPI (MMPI-168) was administered at the baseline point of the 12-month period of outpatient treatment, and again 1 year later. Normal comparison subjects were tested with the MMPI or MMPI-168 at comparable time intervals. The UCLA Social Attainment Scale, a measure of the adequacy of social functioning and relatedness, was examined at the outpatient baseline and 12-month points. During the outpatient period, the Deficit Schizophrenia group (i.e. schizophrenia patients with high 12-month average PDS scores) had lower T-scores than the Non-deficit Schizophrenia group on several MMPI-168 scales, especially scales related to affective distress and anxiety. The MMPI-168 scores of normal subjects were generally the lowest of the three groups, but not always significantly lower than those of the Deficit Schizophrenia group. Social functioning at the end of the 12-month period was worst for the patient group with high deficit (PDS) scores. The findings are congruent with the concept of a Deficit Syndrome for which the PDS is the proxy.
The Role of Conflict of Interest in Reporting of Scientific Information

We have come to appreciate that scientific misconduct is often not intuitively obvious to those who perpetrate it. Therefore, this commentary has been written to review what we know about the role of conflict of interest (COI) in the reporting of scientific information and to challenge those of us in educator roles to do a better job in mentoring our trainees, junior faculty, and associates on what is right and wrong; what is ethical and unethical. The review addresses the following questions: (1) Why has the public trust in the clinical research industry been eroded? (2) How often is the ethical concept of equipoise violated in industry-sponsored randomized controlled clinical trials? (3) How often are negative trials underreported and favorable trials selectively or redundantly over-reported in industry-sponsored randomized controlled clinical trials? (4) What is being done to restore the public trust? While there are multiple strategies to mitigate COI in the reporting of scientific information, we have come to appreciate that the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is not enough. It is our hope that this article and its contents can serve as a stimulus for the development and incorporation of an educational series in all training programs on what is ethical and unethical in the conducting and reporting of scientific studies.
To pulse or not to pulse.

Abstract Pulsatile and nonpulsatile blood flow have been intensely studied for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), isolated organ perfusion, and myocardial preservation. Although early studies differed, later ones have shown the benefits of pulsatile flow. Kidney function, lymph flow, and oxygen consumption are increased during pulsatile perfusion. Also, nonpulsatile CPB increases total peripheral resistance and mean arterial pressure, which are related to time of perfusion. Theories to account for the superiority of pulsatile flow include: (1) "vascular shocks" causing physical displacement of tissues, which changes the boundary layer of interstitial fluid around cell membranes and enhances diffusion; (2) increased lymph movement during pulsatile flow; and (3) pulsatile energy ensuring the patency of the vascular beds and preventing shunting. New methods to create pulsatile flow and their adaptation to the standard roller pump are discussed.