cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hybrid global optimization approach for solvent design

This paper presents a hybrid global optimization approach for solving solvent design problems modeled by mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). The strategy incorporates a variant of the outer approximation mathematical programming algorithm and a soft computing global optimization approach, namely simulated annealing. The suggested approach is not provably globally optimal. However, computational experience with benchmark examples and solvent design MINLP models indicate strongly that the approach gives near globally optimal solutions.
Feline giardiasis: a review

Giardia is a widespread and common protozoan parasite of domestic cats, with reported prevalences of infection ranging from 1 to 11 per cent. Chronic diarrhoea, either intermittent or continuous, which does not respond to routine antidiarrhoeal treatments is characteristic of giardiasis; although illness does not necessarily result from infection. Giardia cysts or trophozoites may be detected in the faeces of infected cats; however, the small size of the cysts (relative to helminth ova), their transparency, and their discontinuous excretion by cats may frustrate diagnosis. Zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation is the method of choice for detection of faecal Giardia cysts. Clinically affected cats respond well to oral metronidazole or furazolidone treatments. The relationship of G. felis to the Giardia spp. of other mammals (including man) remains controversial.
Absolute Kinetic Rate Constants and Activation Energies for the Formation of Grignard Reagents

This paper reports the first absolute rate constants for the formation of Grignard reagents from magnesium metal and organohalides. The theory that allows calculation of heterogeneous rate constants from the rate of growth of individual pits is described. By monitoring the reaction of individual reactive sites on the magnesium surface using photomicrography, it is possible to determine the rate of reaction and the active surface area; rate constants then are calculated from those data. Rate constants are on the order of 10-4 cm/s and vary relatively little between various organohalides. By measuring rate constants over a range of temperatures, Arrhenius parameters are determined for the reaction. The magnitudes of the enthalpic and entropic barriers are not consistent with electron transfer as the rate-limiting step. Rather, the data suggest that the rate-limiting step is reaction of the organohalide at the magnesium surface with partial insertion of a magnesium atom into the carbon-halide bond in the tra...
A study of photoactivation with a60Co source

Photoactivation of 13 elements was studied using 5.000 Ci and 30.000 Ci sources. Reported data from the study are presented in tables including experimental conditions, observed activity, sensitivity achieved, gamma energies and half-life observed, and reaction cross-sections. Comparisons are made between this research and earlier reports.
Graphs in cultures (II): A study in ethnomathematics

Western culture is but one of several with an interest in continuous tracing of figures. This paper discusses and analyzes that interest as it is evidenced in Africa among the Bushoong and Tshokwe. Included are figures, statements about the cultural context, and associated geometric and topological ideas. Emphasis is on the structure of the figures and also, where possible, processes of construction are elaborated.
Pulsing of tunnel diode LC oscillator sensors

Abstract It is demonstrated that tunnel diode LC oscillator sensors may be turned on and measured within 33 ms while still retaining a frequency precision of 0.01 ppm. This allows their use in very low temperature applications where power dissipation is a serious problem or in magnetic resonance applications where a pulsed rf susceptometer might be desirable. Furthermore, this makes practical the rapid scanning of a large array of sensors with one dc power source and measurement system.
Revisiting Generalized Nash Games and Variational Inequalities

Generalized Nash games with shared constraints represent an extension of Nash games in which strategy sets are coupled across players through a shared or common constraint. The equilibrium conditions of such a game can be compactly stated as a quasi-variational inequality (QVI), an extension of the variational inequality (VI). In (Eur. J. Oper. Res. 54(1):81–94, 1991), Harker proved that for any QVI, under certain conditions, a solution to an appropriately defined VI solves the QVI. This is a particularly important result, given that VIs are generally far more tractable than QVIs. However Facchinei et al. (Oper. Res. Lett. 35(2):159–164, 2007) suggested that the hypotheses of this result are difficult to satisfy in practice for QVIs arising from generalized Nash games with shared constraints. We investigate the applicability of Harker’s result for these games with the aim of formally establishing its reach. Specifically, we show that if Harker’s result is applied in a natural manner, its hypotheses are impossible to satisfy in most settings, thereby supporting the observations of Facchinei et al. But we also show that an indirect application of the result extends the realm of applicability of Harker’s result to all shared-constraint games. In particular, this avenue allows us to recover as a special case of Harker’s result, a result provided by Facchinei et al. (Oper. Res. Lett. 35(2):159–164, 2007), in which it is shown that a suitably defined VI provides a solution to the QVI of a shared-constraint game.
Mutilating sclerosing basal cell epithelioma

A 59-year-old black woman presented with an ill-defined plaque on her nose. This appeared clinically suggestive of a sclerosing type of basal cell epithelioma (BCE). Microscopic sections demonstrated this diagnosis. Multiple excisions employing the microscopically controlled technique of Mohs traced the tumor deep into the nasal cartilage before histologic sections were free of tumor cells. This type of BCE deserves well planned therapy because of its destructive potential.
Non-abelian electrodynamics and the vacuum B (3)

By using an 0(3) gauge group, a non-Abelian theory of vacuum electrodynamics is developed in which the newly discovered longitudinal vacuum fieldsB(3) andiE(3) appear self-consistently with the usual plane wavesB(1),B(2),E(1), andE(2) in the circular basis (1), (2), (3), a complex representation of space. Using the charge quantization condition Open image in new window the vacuum Maxwell equations are given in the non-Abelian representation.
Information technology and firm performance: linking with environmental, strategic and managerial contexts

The performance impact of information technology (IT) investment is an important research topic that needs to take into consideration the role of key contextual factors. This study discussed and empirically tested the moderating effects of environmental dynamism, firm strategy, and CEO/CIO arrangement on the impact of IT investment on firm performance. The study sample consisted of major US corporations. The empirical results, based on a moderated regression modeling approach, provided preliminary evidence supportive of the hypotheses advanced in this paper. Specifically, IT investment appears to have a stronger positive impact on financial performance when there are greater environmental changes, more proactive company strategy, and closer CEO/CIO ties. According to our findings, companies considering IT investment should assess their environmental contexts, strategic directions, and top management team arrangement to allow CIO's a more strategic role.
Shear-Stress Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Endothelial Homeostasis

As the interface between circulation and the vessel wall, the endothelium dynamically responds to shear-stress imposed by blood flow, which is essential to maintain vascular homeostasis. Results from in vitro studies of cultured vascular endothelial cells and in vivo examination of animal models suggest that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy metabolism, is activated by shear stress. Thus, beyond its role in orchestrating cellular energy balance, shear-stress-activated AMPK is crucial for maintaining endothelial homeostasis by its regulation of key molecules such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Collectively, shear-stress-activated AMPK enhances nitric oxide bioavailability, arrests the cell cycle, and upregulates anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory genes. These regulations contribute to the atheroprotective effects. This review summarizes some of the recent findings of these mechanotransduction mechanisms, which indicate that AMPK plays an important role in vascular homeostasis in addition to its involvement in energy metabolism.
Self-control practices associated with weight loss maintenance in children and adolescents*

This study examined six potential correlates of the maintenance of weight reduction in overweight children and adolescents: self weight management, parental weight management, physical exercise, social activity, average meal content, and average snack content. Subjects were 13 children who had lost weight and maintained the weight loss (maintainers), 12 children who had lost weight but regained the weight loss (regainers), and 17 children who had never had a weight problem (normal weight children). A four-day eating and exercise diary completed by the child with one day's overlap with parent report and a weight control questionnaire completed independently by the parent and the child provided the data for analysis. Maintainers reported more self-regulation and more physical exercise than either the regainers of the normal weight group. Regainers reported more parental regulation of weight management than did normal weight youngsters. Neither food intake nor social activity differentiated groups.
Suppression of an ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats by butyrate, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate

Abstract Butyrate, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate, compounds which may be elevated in blood of ethanol dependent rats and substrates of the cerebral small-pool Krebs-cycle, were tested for their ability to surpress an ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered physically dependent on ethanol by intragastric administration of ethanol at a dosage of 9 to 15 grams per kilogram per day over a 4-day period. Oral administration of a mixture of butyrate, lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate was effective in suppressing the tremulous component of the ethanol withdrawal syndrome.
The Auto-Blast Interrupter Switch

An air interrupter switch may be defined as a nonautomatic air switch which combines the functions of a disconnecting switch with the ability to interrupt current up to a predetermined magnitude. It primarily differs in function from a circuit breaker in that it cannot interrupt overload or short-circuit currents. General specifications for interrupter switches are proposed. The Auto-Blast interrupter switch is an air interrupter switch having each pole equipped with an arc chute into which the arc is driven by a blast of air generated automatically when the switch is opened. Interruption occurs within the chute by elongating and cooling the arc. The construction and operation of this switch is described, and test data are presented to show compliance with the proposed general specifications.
Electric dipole moment of the τ-lepton at polarized e+e− colliders

Abstract We consider the process e + e − → τ + τ − and calculate the sensitivity of the azimuthal asymmetry in the π − decay channel to F 3 . At √ s = 6 GeV , this asymmetry could lead to a bound of 3 × 10 −3 on F 3 , given 10 7 τ + τ − pairs and transversely polarized initial beams. We also consider partially polarized beams.
Evaluation of Collision Avoidance Maneuvers for Parallel Approach

Two candidateevasion maneuverswere evaluated foruse with acollision alerting systemforindependent closely spaced parallel approaches in instrument conditions. The two maneuvers were a wings-level climb and a climbing turn away from parallel trafe c. Pairs of aircraft on parallel approach were simulated by use of prerecorded trajectories covering a range of normal approach and blunder examples. Each example was repeated twice, with the endangered aircraft responding to alerts with either the climb-only or the climbing-turn evasion. The climbonly maneuver is shown to result in 38-times as many collisions as the climbing-turn for nominal alert threshold settings. It is possible to reduce the collision rate by adjusting threshold parameters, but the false alarm rate increases. The climb-only maneuver is shown to be uniformly less safe than the climbing turn for all parameter combinations. Results are illustrated with system operating characteristic curves.
LDH and melanoma

The histories of 121 Stage II melanoma patients were reviewed to determine the value of monitoring serum LDH in postoperative follow-up examinations. Charts of 58 Stage III patients who had autopsies at UCLA also were reviewed to define the relationship between an elevated LDH and liver metastases. The sensitivity and specificity of LDH as an indicator of disease recurrence were 72.1% and 97.0%, respectively. As an indicator of liver metastases, LDH had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.1% and 82.8% in the Stage II patient group and 86.5% and 57.1% in the Stage III autopsied group. An elevated LDH was the first indication of recurrent disease in 11/88 (12.5%) Stage II patients and was almost as frequent an indicator of recurrent disease as pulmonary metastases found on chest x-ray. Mean survival following elevation of LDH was 5.9 months whether or not liver metastases were present. Monitoring of serum LDH can provide useful information in the postoperative follow-up of patients with melanoma.
Hydrocele formation following laparoscopic varicocelectomy.

Purpose: Hydrocele is a known complication of varicocelectomy. We evaluated the incidence of hydrocele following laparoscopic varicocelectomy at our institution.Materials and Methods: A total of 89 boys were treated with laparoscopic ligation of the spermatic vessels for clinically palpable varicoceles between January 2000 and December 2003. Charts were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 10 patients were excluded because they were lost to followup or presented with recurrent varicocele. Followup consisted of office visits with physical examinations at 1 and 12 months postoperatively. Patient charts were reviewed for perioperative variables, operative technique and complications.Results: Only 1 of 79 patients (1.3%) had persistent varicocele with a mean of 20.7 months of followup. A total of 18 patients (22.8%) had development of hydrocele postoperatively, of whom 9 required hydrocelectomy. In addition, 2 of these 9 patients needed repeat hydrocelectomy. Of the 57 patients with greater than 6 months of f...
Traveling Water Waves

We present a numerical continuation method for traveling wave solutions to the full water wave problem using a spectral collocation discretization. The water wave problem is reformulated in terms of surface variables giving rise to the Zakharov?Craig?Sulem formulation, and traveling waves are studied by introducing a phase velocity vector as a parameter. We follow non-trivial solution branches bifurcating from the trivial solution branch via numerical continuation methods. Techniques such as projections and filtering allow the computation to proceed for greater distances up the branch, and parallelism allows the computation of larger problems. We conclude with results including the formation of hexagonal patterns for the three dimensional problem.
Resolution and Tolerance of Cognitive Inconsistency in a Field Situation: Change in Attitude and Beliefs following the Watergate Affair

Summary.-This study represented an attempt to extend previous research on the resolution and tolerance of cognitive inconsistency in field situations to another natural-occurring event, the Watergate affair, by assessing attitudes of 135 male and 134 female college students on a 30-item mail questionnaire. The results provided strong support for the consistency principle, showing that subjects whose attitudes toward President Nixon had changed from favorable to unfavorable following Watergate tended to hold beliefs about the Watergate affair which were congruent with the change, while nonchangers held beliefs that allowed them to tolerate the inconsistency generated by Watergate. Silverman ( 197 1 ) and MacDonald and Majurnder ( 1973) have recently tested the external validity of the cognitive consistency principle in field situations. Silverman's study of the Chappaquiddick incident involving Senator Kennedy provided evidence that was mostly supportive of consistency theory showing, for example, that those respondents whose attitudes changed from positive to negative coward the senator after the incident were more likely than those whose attitudes remained positive to believe: (a) the action taken by the courts against Kennedy was too lenient, (b) that in the same circumstances a private citizen would have been treaced more severely, (c) it was not proper for him co keep his Senate seat, and (d) that he was aware that he was possibly sacrificing [he girl's life in delaying his report of the accident. Similarly, MacDonald and Majurnder's smdy of the Senator Eagleton incident showed that respondents whose attitudes toward the Senator had changed from favorable to unfavorable, after learning about his mental health history, tended to hold beliefs about the incident which were congruent with the changes, while nonchangers held beliefs that allowed them to maintain their positive sentiments. The former group, for instance, was much more likely than the latter to believe that the information abouc Eagleton's mental health would hurt the Democratic ticket in the election. The present study represented a further attempt co extend these findings by testing consistency theory in a similar field situation: the Watergace affair. Theoretically, it was assumed that the events of Watergate, because of their salient, negative implications for the Nixon administration, would tend to create a fair degree of cognitive inconsistency for those people who had held positive attitudes toward President Nixon prior co Watergate. Moreover, it was
Latency-Based FA as Baseline for Subsequent Treatment Evaluation

No research has used latency-based functional analysis (FA) outcomes as baseline data from which to evaluate the effectiveness of subsequent function-based treatments. This approach to analysis calls for the continued collection of latency-based measures for all targeted variables throughout all phases of treatment. We tracked client progress during treatment using latency-based, rate-based, and percentage-of-opportunity measures of relevant behavior and compared graphical representations of each. Visual inspection of all data indicates that changes in variability level and trend of latency-based measures correspond well with said changes in more traditional measures.
Children's Memory for Medical Experiences: Implications for Testimony

Because medical procedures involve bodily contact and may evoke discomfort or pain, they are in some ways analogous to instances of child abuse. As such, the study of children's memory for medical experiences provides information that is relevant for an understanding of their abilities to provide accurate eyewitness testimony. This article summarizes the results of a number of studies that have explored children's long-term retention of details of routine physical examinations as well as other less familiar and more stressful medical procedures. The goal of this work has been to chart age differences in the retention and forgetting of pediatric check-ups and to examine some of the variables that affect children's memory for the details of medical procedures. The results of this research program are discussed in the context of four general themes about the flow of information within the memory system. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body esteem and mood among sedentary and active breast cancer survivors.

Objectives To assess mood states and body esteem in 2 groups of breast cancer survivors, regular exercisers and sedentary women, and to examine these variables among younger and older women in each group. Patients and Methods Between 1998 and 2002, we conducted a cross-sectional study among early-stage breast cancer survivors at the Miriam Hospital in Providence, RI, comparing 40 women who reported regular exercise with 79 sedentary women. We used multivariate and univariate analyses to compare the exercisers with sedentary women on fitness, physical activity, and questionnaire measures of body esteem and mood. Analyses were repeated after the 2 groups were subdivided by age ( Results Regular exercisers (mean ± SD age, 54.57± 9.18 years) reported significantly more positive attitudes toward their physical condition and sexual attractiveness; significantly less confusion, fatigue, depression, and total mood disturbance; and higher vigor than sedentary women (mean ± SD age, 52.33±9.11 years). Both younger and older exercisers had higher physical condition scores than their sedentary peers. Older exercisers reported higher vigor and less confusion, anger, fatigue, depression, and total mood disturbance than sedentary women, regardless of age. Younger exercisers reported higher vigor than their sedentary peers and less confusion than older sedentary women. Conclusions In this largely white sample of well-educated women, breast cancer survivors who exercised (particularly older women) reported higher body esteem and better mood than sedentary breast cancer survivors.
Edge Dominating Sets and Vertex Covers

Bipartite graphs with equal edge domination number and maximum matching cardinality are characterized. These two parameters are used to develop bounds on the vertex cover and total vertex cover numbers of graphs and a resulting chain of vertex covering, edge domination, and matching parameters is explored. In addition, the total vertex cover number is compared to the total domination number of trees and grid graphs.
Labor Stratification and Violent Crime

T7his paper uses dual labor market theory to examine the relationships between the structure of labor in census tracts, economic indicators, and violent crime. It tests the thesis that relationships between poverty, income inequality, and violent crime are affected by the distribution of workers into the primary and secondary sectors of the labor market. The results indicate that, when three measures of the conditions of employment are controlled, the association between the poverty rate and the overall violent crime index is reduced, and that the relationship between income inequality and violent crime rates is limited to murder rates. The implications of these results for future research on social economy and violent crime are discussed. The history of speculation and research concerning poverty as a crimogenic factor (Bonger 1916; J. Cohen 1957; Merton 1949; Miller 1958) is long and notably inconsistent. For collectivities such as states, cities, and census tracts, research results consistently show a positive relationship between crime rates and levels of poverty, although the strength of this relationship varies (e.g., Boggs 1965; Chilton 1964; Jarvis & Messinger 1974; Loftin 1980; McCarthy, Galle & Zimmem 1975; Schuessler 1962). For individuals, the findings are much less consistent. In his review of the empirical literature, Braithwaite (1981) concluded that a negative relationship between social class and criminal involvement has been demonstrated, but other reviews (e.g., Tittle, Villemez & Smith 1978, 1982) report no relationship between social class and crime. Brownfield (1986) found that the strength of the association between social class and violent crime *1 thank members of the "Deviance and Social Control" seminar at the University of Washington, George Bridges, Brian Galvin, Avery Guest, Elise Lake, James McCann, and especially Herbert Costner for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper, and Charles Freeman, David Hachen, and Adrian Raftery for helpful suggestions and direction during the course of this project. Direct correspondence to the author, Department of Sociology DK 40, University of Washington,.Seattle, WA 98195. O The University of North Carolina Press Social Forces, December 1989, 68(2):489-512
Detection of Bovine Group B Rotaviruses in Feces by Polymerase Chain Reaction

A pair of primers designed from the sequence of genome segment 9 of group B rat rotavirus (IDIR) were employed to amplify genome segment 9 of a group B bovine rotavirus in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to sequence the derived PCR products. A new pair of primers were synthesized from the obtained sequence data and used in a PCR detection assay for group B bovine rotavirus in fecal samples. In addition, another pair of primers were designed to produce a PCR-derived internal probe. This probe was used in a chemiluminescent hybridization to confirm the specificity and to increase the sensitivity of the assay. This assay could detect 0.1 fg of target double-stranded RNA. It was specific to group B bovine rotavirus and did not detect group B rat (IDIR) and porcine rotaviruses, group A bovine (NCDV), simian (SA-11), equine (H-2), porcine (OSU), human (DS-1), deer, and avian rotaviruses, coronavirus, or other enteric organisms tested in this study.
Effects of uncertainty in rock-physics models on reservoir parameter estimation using seismic amplitude variation with angle and controlled-source electromagnetics data

This paper investigates the effects of uncertainty in rock-physics models on reservoir parameter estimation using seismic amplitude variation with angle and controlled-source electromagnetics data. The reservoir parameters are related to electrical resistivity by the Poupon model and to elastic moduli and density by the Xu-White model. To handle uncertainty in the rock-physics models, we consider their outputs to be random functions with modes or means given by the predictions of those rock-physics models and we consider the parameters of the rock-physics models to be random variables defined by specified probability distributions. Using a Bayesian framework and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling metho is, we are able to obtain estimates of reservoir parameters and information on the un certainty in the estimation. The developed method is applied to a synthetic case study based on a layered reservoir model and the results show that uncertainty in both rock- physics models and in their parameters may have significant effects on reservoir par; meter estimation. When the biases in rock-physics models and in their associated pars meters are unknown, conventional joint inversion approaches, which consider rock-pl iysics models as deterministic functions and the model parameters as fixed values, m y produce misleading results. The developed stochastic method in this study provide ; an integrated approach for quantifying how uncertainty and biases in rock-phys cs models and in their associated parameters affect the estimates of reservoir parami ters and therefore is a more robust method for reservoir parameter estimation.
Evaluating Northern Quahog (= Hard Clam, Mercenaria mercenaria L.) Restoration: Are Transplanted Clams Spawning and Reconditioning

Abstract Spawner sanctuaries, harvest-free areas planted with high densities of adult clams, are currently being used to restore self-sustaining populations of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) to Great South Bay, New York. To evaluate and guide this restoration, we monitored the condition and spawning of clams transplanted from two source locations in Long Island Sound since April 2004. Transplanted clams were in relatively high condition and gonad ripeness at time of transplant, spawned the first spring and/or summer after transplant, reconditioned and spawned in subsequent years, but rarely reconditioned to as high of levels as when they were first transplanted. All populations exhibited similar annual patterns of condition and gonad ripeness: both peaked in mid to late spring, dropped steeply through summer with spawning, and they were lowest in fall. In some years condition increased during fall, and the higher the condition attained by the end of fall (mid-December) the greater the peak in condition the fo...
Learning to Teach Mathematics in the Context of Systemic Reform

This article looks at how teachers understand recent mathematics reforms. Case studies of three California teachers in a disadvantaged, urban elementary school are presented. Framing the study are issues of teacher learning and systemic reform. These teachers have access to multiple opportunities to learn about reforms. But access guarantees no common understandings. Teachers’ understandings are influenced by the kinds of students they have, their prior knowledge and experience, their views of mathematics, textbooks, and tests. If teachers understand reforms in different ways, this raises questions about systemic reform and the notion of alignment. But there are other problems as well. Questions about what it means to be aligned, how all students’ needs might be considered, and what the multiple goals of a decentralized system mean for teachers suggest that efforts at systemic reform will be challenged on several fronts.
Use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in assistive living and home care settings

Abstract The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess frequency of phosphodiesterase type (PDE-5) inhibitor use (sildenafil, tadalafil, ardenafil) in community settings. Methods A retrospective record review was conducted to determine PDE-5 inhibitor use in older males (mean age 79.2) residing in three assisted living communities (n=126), or living in private homes with home care services (n=109). Results Two participants from assisted living had PDE-5 inhibitors listed on medication profiles, while no participants from the home care setting had any listed. Implications Many factors may have contributed to the absence of PDE-5 inhibitors in records, including comorbidities precluding use; fear of side effects; reluctance to report use; and lack of erectile dysfunction diagnosis to name a few. It is unknown whether sexual function, or the need for PDE-5 inhibitors was ever assessed by providers. Future research is warranted given the aging population and the benefits of holistic assessments.
Peripheral ghrelin injections stimulate food intake, foraging, and food hoarding in Siberian hamsters

Fasting triggers many effects, including increases in circulating concentrations of ghrelin, a primarily stomach-derived orexigenic hormone. Exogenous ghrelin treatment stimulates food intake, impl...
Class-based fair code allocation with delay guarantees for OVSF-CDMA and VSF-OFCDM in next-generation cellular networks

This paper presents a novel class-based fair code allocation (CFCA) protocol to support delay and rate guarantees for realtime flows and to provide fairness for non-real-time flows on the downlink of WCDMA- and VSF-OFCDM-based cellular networks. CFCA not only assigns bandwidth dynamically to different flows but also determines those appropriate OVSF codes whose assignment results in the minimum overhead for code reassignments during dynamic bandwidth allocation. To reduce the overhead of code reassignments, this paper introduces the concept of affinity-mate and enables bandwidth allocation and code placement to interact with each other. A new performance metric, called class-based rate degradation ratio (CRD), is introduced to ensure fairness in providing rate and delay guarantees by measuring the rate degradations of flows based on their traffic types. The simulation results show that code reassignment overhead can be reduced by up to 60% for high network loads. For low network loads, fairness is achieved fully, but for high network loads the average rate requirement is met fairly for 95% of the flows.
Sentiment classification with supervised sequence embedding

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for modeling n-grams in a latent space learned from supervised signals. The proposed procedure uses only unigram features to model short phrases (n-grams) in the latent space. The phrases are then combined to form document-level latent representation for a given text, where position of an n-gram in the document is used to compute corresponding combining weight. The resulting two-stage supervised embedding is then coupled with a classifier to form an end-to-end system that we apply to the large-scale sentiment classification task. The proposed model does not require feature selection to retain effective features during pre-processing, and its parameter space grows linearly with size of n-gram. We present comparative evaluations of this method using two large-scale datasets for sentiment classification in online reviews (Amazon and TripAdvisor). The proposed method outperforms standard baselines that rely on bag-of-words representation populated with n-gram features.
Some questions regarding problem definition in coastal management research

The aim of this paper is to explore the issue of problem definition in coastal (zone) management, with particular emphasis on social and institutional aspects. Do the existing scientific theories provide the necessary tools for open formulation of questions or problem definition, without preconceived ideas? Or are they rigid frameworks, which lead our curiosity along well-paved trails to predetermined results? Formulation of the right questions is probably the most important step in arriving at relevant answers.
CHROMATIC REGULATION OF QUANTUM YIELDS FOR PHOTOSYSTEM II CHARGE SEPARATION, OXYGEN EVOLUTION, AND CARBON FIXATION IN HETEROCAPSA PYGMAEA (PYRROPHYTA)1

Operational and maximum quantum yields for system (PSII) charge separation, oxygen evolution, and carbon fixation were quantified and compared for Heterocapsa pygmaea Loeblich, Schmidt et Sherley populations chromatically adapted to white, green, blue, and red light. Significant variability in quantum yields was induced by chromatic adaptation alone or when chromatically adapted cells were suddenly exposed to biased light fields (i.e. white light). Results indicated a close coupling between the variability in quantum yields for PSII charge separation and oxygen evolution, but not between quantum yields for oxygen evolution and carbon fixation. But not between quantum yields for oxygen evolution and carbon fixation. The ability to regrlate and optimize light energy distribution between PSII and photosystem I (PSI) appears to be the mechanism underlying chromatic adaptation for PSII charge separation and oxygen evolution. Conceptually, the resulting impacts on PSI cyclic electron transport rates could account for observed variability in quantum yields for oxygen evolution and some variability in quantum yields for carbon fixation. Similarly, enzymatic processes associated with organic carbon synthesis appeared to be variably dependent on spectral growth irradiances and contributing to the observed variability in quantum yields for carbon fixation. The relevance of these findings to the in situ primary production is discussed.
Impact of a Patient Education Program on Disparities in Kidney Transplant Evaluation

Summary Background and objectives In 2007, the Emory Transplant Center (ETC) kidney transplant program implementedarequirededucationalsessionforESRDpatientsreferredforrenaltransplantevaluationtoincrease patient awareness anddecrease loss to follow-up.The purposeof thisstudy was to evaluatetheassociationof the ETC education program on completion of the transplant evaluation process. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Incident, adult ESRD patients referred from 2005 to 2008 were included. Patient data were abstracted from medical records and linked with data from the United States Renal DataSystem. Evaluationcompletionwascomparedbypre-andposteducationalinterventiongroupsin binomial regression models accounting for temporal confounding. Results A total of 1126 adult ESRD patients were examined in two transplant evaluation eras (75% pre- and 25% postintervention). One-year evaluation completion was higher in the post- versus preintervention group (80.4% versus 44.7%, P,0.0001). In adjusted analyses controlling for time trends, the adjusted probability of evaluation completion at 1 year was higher among the intervention versus nonintervention group (risk ratio=1.38, 95% confidence interval=1.12–1.71). The effect of the intervention was stronger among black patients and those patients living in poor neighborhoods (likelihood ratio test for interaction, P,0.05). Conclusions Standardizing transplant education may help reduce some of the racial and socioeconomic disparities observed in kidney transplantation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7: 648–655, 2012. doi: 10.2215/CJN.10071011
Nurse practitioner-led breast cancer survivorship clinic

e20723 Background: The 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the US demands increasing awareness of and need for healthcare organizations to address survivorship issues. Cancer survivorship care has become a specialty emphasizing health promotion, disease prevention, and patient satisfaction. It is a natural setting for advanced practice nurses to be leaders. This abstract presents a model for a nurse practitioner-led breast cancer survivorship clinic. Methods: Eligible patients are those previously diagnosed with invasive and/or in situ breast cancer and at least 5 years post-diagnosis without recurrence. Eligible survivors are identified annually through the University of New Mexico Tumor Registry. Clinic notes are reviewed to confirm the patient has not had a recurrence, new diagnosis, or death. Letters are sent to eligible survivors introducing the Breast Cancer Survivorship Clinic (Clinic) and inviting them to participate, and oncologists are encouraged to transfer eligible patients into the Clinic....
Left-handed Z-DNA and Methylation of d(CpG) Sequences

DNA is a macromolecule that can adopt several different conformations. Until recently, it was believed that all of these represented variations of right-handed, double helical conformations with some differences associated with the amount of helical twist per base pair. It was believed that all of these variations preserved basic features of the molecule—including the fact that all of the nucleotides were similar. We now know that this is not true. DNA can exist in several conformations, both right- and left-handed; there can be different forms of the nucleotides existing simultaneously within the same molecule.
Study of food poisoning caused by Aeromonas hydrophila.

This article reported that a food poisoning incident caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in a container of cooked food mixed in with a container of cold food.All of the patients recovered with symptomatic treatment.
Using lessons from breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening to inform the development of lung cancer screening programs

Multiple advisory groups now recommend that high-risk smokers be screened for lung cancer by low-dose computed tomography. Given that the development of lung cancer screening programs will face many of the same issues that have challenged other cancer screening programs, the National Cancer Institute-funded Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) consortium was used to identify lessons learned from the implementation of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening that should inform the introduction of lung cancer screening. These lessons include the importance of developing systems for identifying and recruiting eligible individuals in primary care, ensuring that screening centers are qualified and performance is monitored, creating clear communication standards for reporting screening results to referring physicians and patients, ensuring follow-up is available for individuals with abnormal test results, avoiding overscreening, remembering primary prevention, and leveraging advances in cancer genetics and immunology. Overall, this experience emphasizes that effective cancer screening is a multistep activity that requires robust strategies to initiate, report, follow up, and track each step as well as a dynamic and ongoing oversight process to revise current screening practices as new evidence regarding screening is created, new screening technologies are developed, new biological markers are identified, and new approaches to health care delivery are disseminated. Cancer 2016;122:1338-1342. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Redescription of Apiocera clavator with Notes on Its Behavior (Diptera: Apioceridae),

The female of Apiocera clavator Painter is described and the male redescribed. Both sexes were collected crawling on a stretch of sand bordering an unidentified stream in the state of Colima, Mexico. Males mated with females without courtship, and the mating position was“tail to tail.”Eggs are described and possible mimicry of Efferia albibarbis Macquart (Asilidae) is noted.
Lens sodium and potassium concentrations during galactose induced cataractogenesis.

SummaryThe lens concentrations of sodium and potassium were determined during galactose-induced cataractogenesis in 3 strains of albino rats. Four days after galactose feeding was initiated, lens potassium concentration decreased to 60% and sodium concentration increased to 175% of control values. In resistant, but not in susceptible, strains of animals partial return to control concentrations of both of these ions occurred. The changed lens sodium and potassium concentrations were maintained for 4-16 days depending on degree of resistance in each strain. Lens potassium then decreased and sodium concentration increased prior to actual opacification. The comparable weight gains of ad libitum fed animals of resistant and susceptible strains suggested that resistance or susceptibility to cataractogenesis resides in lens itself.
Aerosol Wind Tunnel for Vector Insecticide Evaluation

The droplet-size distribution patterns of five solvents injected under controlled pressures and into controlled wind velocities were measured with a laser in a laboratory wind tunnel used to evaluate insecticidal aerosols. Each solvent was injected through an atomizer at one of four air pressures into a constant velocity air stream (2.5 m/sec). Air pressures of 31.0 and 41.3 kPa produced the smallest droplet-size distribution patterns; >75% of the acetone, fuel oil, and kerosene droplets atomized at 31.0 kPa were <10 μm, whereas water and methanol required 41.3 kPa for similar patterns. Resmethrin as a 1% solution in each solvent had little effect on altering the patterns. Insecticide evaluation and cleanup time can be greatly reduced when the wind tunnel is used instead of individual topical applications or Peet-Grady tests.
In the beginning..2

From a modern microbiological viewpoint the motivation behind the experiments that led to the discovery of bacteriophage is hard to understand. What was the purpose of filtering a bacterial culture...
Managing thoracic empyema.

From, 1954 to 1964, 114 adults with empyema were treated at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals. Twenty-five cases followed thoracic surgery, 20 were secondary to bronchopleural fistulas, and 40 were in patients with a history of pneumonia. To treat empyema, surgeons generally resected 5 to 10 cm of rib at the dependent part of the empyema cavity, probed the cavity to determine its size, shape and bottom, inserted large-caliber drainage tubes, and applied an empyema jacket.
Correlation between Social Support and Mental Health of the Aged Based on Pearson Correlation Coefficient:A Meta-Analysis

Objective To reflect the correlation between social support and mental health of the aged through the Pearson correlation coefficient.Methods Databases including PubMed,SpringerLink,EMbase,The Cochrane Library,VIP,WanFang Data and CNKI were searched from inception to October,2011 to collect literature on the correlation between social support and mental health of the aged.The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.After extracting data and assessing the quality of the included studies,meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software.Results Of the 2 396 identified studies,4 studies were included.The results showed that 4 studies were not high in the overall quality.The total score of social support of the elderly and its three dimensions were related to mental health.Among 9 factors associated with mental health,somatization,depression and anxiety were weakly correlated to the objective support while the others were extremely weakly correlated.Anxiety and phobic anxiety were weakly correlated to the subjective support while the others were extremely weakly correlated.Phobic anxiety was weakly correlated to the utilizing degree while the others were extremely weakly correlated.Somatization,anxiety and phobic anxiety were weakly correlated to the total score of social support while the others were extremely weakly correlated.Conclusion Social support probably improves mental health of the aged to some extent.
252 TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY GIANT CELL ARTERITIS WITH ADALIMUMAB.

Purpose High-dose corticosteroids (CS) are the mainstay of treatment for giant cell arteritis (GCA). A usually required long-term treatment with CS, ranging from 1 to 5 years or more, frequently leads to serious side effects in about 60% of patients. There are few reports of treatment of refractory or steroid dependent GCA with tumor necrosis factor a (TNFa) inhibitors, including infliximab and etanercept. We report a case of a refractory GCA treated successfully with adalimumab, a fully human recombinant IgG1 anti-TNFa monoclonal antibody. Case Report A 70-year-old white female was admitted with a 2-week history of fatigue, night sweats, headache, jaw claudication, intermittent bilateral vision loss, unstable angina, and dyspnea in March 2005. Her physical examination was significant for blood pressure of 174/78, tender temporal arteries, and temporal visual field defect in the right eye. Significant laboratory values on admission included a normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytosis, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 69 mm/hr, and C-reactive protein 11.54 mg/dL. A temporal artery biopsy was diagnostic of GCA. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for 3 days followed by prednisone 60 mg daily that resulted in resolution of her symptoms. She also underwent percutaneous coronary angioplasty with stent placement. Methotrexate (MTX) was added as a steroid-sparing agent. On tapering prednisone to 40 mg daily she developed cough, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea. A CT of chest revealed ground glass opacification in both lung fields suggestive of pneumonitis related to MTX, which was discontinued. She received another course of IV methylprednisolone due to flare of GCA manifested by decreased vision, constitutional symptoms, and elevated acute-phase reactants. Due to development of steroid-induced diabetes, she was placed on adalumimab as a steroid-sparing agent in September 2005. Prednisone was subsequently tapered to 20 mg daily within 2 months with no recurrent symptoms or increase in acute-phase reactants. Discussion and Conclusion GCA is characterized by infiltration of the vessel wall by macrophages, giant cells, and T lymphocytes, with production of several cytokines responsible for the acute-phase response. TNFa has been demonstrated in up to 60% of the cells in all areas of inflamed arteries by immunohistochemical techniques; hence it could play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GCA. There is no conclusive evidence of the a inhibitors in resistant GCA should be studied in larger, controlled studies.
Recent treatment advances and novel therapeutic approaches in epilepsy

The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the treatment of epilepsy. It includes five antiepileptic drugs that have been recently added to the pharmacologic armamentarium and surgical techniques that have been developed in the last few years. Finally, we review ongoing research that may have a potential role in future treatments of epilepsy.