cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Martin Buber's Philosophy of Dialogue and Implications for Qualitative Family Research

Martin Buber is well-known for his seminal book I and Thou and his philosophy of dialogue. Although he is often characterized as an existentialist, Buber referred to himself as a philosophical anthropologist, given his study of the wholeness and uniqueness of human being. Buber viewed human existence as grounded in relationships. However, in spite of his view of human being as fundamentally relational, his ideas have received relatively little attention in family theory and research. As part of the special issue on qualitative family scholarship and innovative theories in the interpretive tradition, this article first examines the intersection of Buber's philosophy with the interpretive tradition in social science research. It then presents an overview of Buber's relational constructs I–It and I–Thou and his philosophy of dialogue. Finally, the implications of Buber's ideas for the process of qualitative family research, particularly qualitative interviewing, are discussed, followed by a presentation of several potential qualitative studies that draw on Buber's theoretical framework of dialogue and way of being.
The anti-diabetic bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) decreases lipid order while increasing insulin receptor localization in membrane microdomains

The effects of treatment with bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV) (BMOV) on protein localization in membrane microdomains were investigated by comparing the effects of insulin and treatment with BMOV on the lateral motions and compartmentalization of individual insulin receptors (IR). In addition, effects of insulin and BMOV on the association of IR, phosphorylated IR (pIR) and phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (pIRS-1) with chemically-isolated plasma membrane microdomains on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were evaluated. Single particle tracking experiments indicate that individual quantum dot-labeled IR on RBL-2H3 cells exhibit relatively unrestricted lateral diffusion of approximately 1 × 10−10 cm2 s−1 and are confined in approximately 475 nm diameter cell-surface membrane compartments. After treating of RBL-2H3 cells with 10 μM BMOV, IR lateral diffusion and the size of IR-containing membrane compartments is significantly reduced to 6 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 and approximately 400 nm, respectively. BMOV treatment also increases the association of IR with low-density, detergent-resistant membrane fragments isolated using isopycnic sucrose-gradient centrifugation from 2.4% for untreated cells to 25.8% for cells treated with 10 μM BMOV. Additionally, confocal fluorescence microscopic imaging of live RBL-2H3 cells labeled with the phase sensitive aminonaphthylethenylpyridinium-based dye, Di-4-ANEPPDHQ, indicates that BMOV treatment, but not insulin treatment, decreases cell-surface plasma membrane lipid order while fluorescence correlation spectroscopy measurements suggest that BMOV treatment does not affect IR surface-density or insulin binding affinity. Finally, model studies using microemulsions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles and 1H NMR spectroscopy show that an oxidized form of BMOV readily localizes near the CTAB head-groups at the lipid–water interface. These observations were supported by IR spectroscopic studies using microemulsions of CTAB reverse micelles showing that both BMOV and oxidized BMOV are associated with the water pool. This conclusion is based on changes in 1H NMR chemical shifts observed for the complex, oxidized BMOV. Moreover, these shifts appeared to be informative about the location of the complex. No differences were observed in the OD absorption peak positions for the CTAB reverse micelles prepared in the presence and absence of BMOV, oxidized BMOV or maltol. Combined, these results suggest that activation of IR signaling by both insulin and BMOV treatment involves increased association of IR with specialized, nanoscale membrane microdomains. The observed insulin-like activity of BMOV or decomposition products of BMOV may be due to changes in cell-surface membrane lipid order rather than due to direct interactions with IR.
Financial Outlook For A Troubled Global Industry

In early 2005, British Airways plans to start implementing its corporate restructuring plan with a sizeable layoff involved in response to the pressures from the competition at home and abroad. Virgin Atlantic, on the other hand, decided to test a unique approach towards name recognition of its airline by having its founding chair, Sir Richard Branson, participate in a Fall season TV Reality show in America. Their American counterparts are responding with union negotiation, layoffs, starting no-frills, low cost airlines among other strategic responses to meet the competitive pressures head on. This paper analyzes the severe threat to the airlines industry in a “ pre and post 9/11” global economic perspective to focus on the future of the revamped industry.
Nietzsche, Hume, and the Genealogical Method

Genealogy is for Nietzsche a way of doing philosophy that shows not only the inadequacy of traditional metaphysics or “first philosophy,” but also the prospects for nonmetaphysical philosophy. In the preface to the Genealogy of Morals (§4) he says his own adaptation of the method of genealogy was motivated by his reaction to Paul Ree’s Origin of the Moral Sensations. This “upside-down and perverse species of genealogical hypothesis, the genuinely English type” is criticized for being too unhistorical, haphazard, or random. What is perverse is Ree’s social-Darwinian hypothesis that the most recent product of human evolution is, because of the survival of the fittest, also the highest product of human evolution. Nietzsche parodies Ree cruelly in laughing at the idea that the fittest and highest human type is the modern “moral milksop” (Moral-Zartling, GM Preface 7) who thinks of morality as “selflessness, self-sacrifice, or sympathy and pity” (GS 345). Equally perverse and “English” is Ree’s own “refined indolence,” his inability to take the problems of morality seriously.
Identification of a Th2- and Th17-skewed immune phenotype in chronic urticaria with Th22 reduction dependent on autoimmunity and thyroid disease markers

Background Chronic urticaria is a condition with many inciting factors and often presents a therapeutic challenge to clinicians. In addition to a central role for mast cells, an immune dysregulated state related to cytokine/chemokine alterations is increasingly being recognized. Methods Biopsies of chronic urticaria (n = 11) and normal skin (n = 5) were evaluated with immunostains for CD117, CD3 and dual stains for CD4/T-bet, GATA-3, STAT-3 or BNC-2 (transcription factors specific and mutually exclusive for Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22 cells, respectively). Clinical data, including autoantibodies and thyroid function tests, and the number of CD117+ mast cells and percent of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Th22 of CD3+ T-cells were compared. Results Th2 cells and Th17 cells were significantly more frequent in chronic urticaria than controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in mast cells, Th1 cells or Th22 cells. Three of nine chronic urticaria patients had evidence of autoimmune disease; biopsies from these patients trended toward a greater number of mast cells and decreased percent of Th-cell subtypes as compared with those without autoimmunity markers, with significantly less Th22 cells. Conclusions These findings provide novel insight into the role of Th2 and Th17 in chronic urticaria pathophysiology and may impact therapy.
Profound Gastroparesis after Bilateral Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Territory Infarcts (P01.030)

Objective: To describe a case of acute gastroparesis as a result of medullary infarction. Background Function of the gastrointestinal system is partially dependent upon the integrity of the lower brain stem. While dysphagia commonly results from strokes of varying locations, acute dysfunction of other segments of the alimentary canal from stroke is not a well-described phenomenon. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: A 65 year old man with a history of diabetes mellitus without previous gastrointestinal difficulty presented with sudden onset vertigo, nausea, vomiting, a left Horner9s syndrome and hemiataxia, as well as gait ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an acute infarction in the midline cerebellum bilaterally and the left posterior caudal medulla, all within the right and left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) territories. Over the following week, the persistent nausea, vomiting, and vertigo gave way to severe nausea and vomiting exclusively after eating, accompanied by instantaneous satiety. Brain imaging demonstrated acute infarction of the midline cerebellum bilaterally and the left posterior caudal medulla. Serial cranial CT scans revealed minimal changes; a contrast-enhanced abdominal CT and endoscopy showed severe gastric distention but no anatomical obstruction of the gut. A gastric emptying study demonstrated 99% retention of the radiolabled meal on serial scintigraphy after 2, 3, and 4 hours post-ingestion, with minimal activity seen in the duodenum, consistent with severe gastroparesis. His symptoms were refractory to medical management, and he required a jejunostomy tube for 8 weeks as his oral intake gradually improved. Conclusions: Acute, isolated gastroparesis without gastrointestinal pathology can result from medullary infarctions. A possible explanation may be infarction or edema particularly affecting the pars centralis of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius. Preexisting diabetes mellitus may also have been a predisposing factor. Disclosure: Dr. Liff has received personal compensation for activities with E-Rewards Medical. Dr. Labovitz has nothing to disclose. Dr. Robbins has nothing to disclose.
Aggregation-Induced Increase of the Quantum Yield of Electron Injection from Chalcogenorhodamine Dyes to TiO 2

We used transient absorption spectroscopy to characterize excited-state electron injection from a 2,7-bis(dimethylamino)-9-(2-thienyl-5-carboxy)selenoxanthylium dye (1-Se) and a 2,7-bis(dimethylamino)-9-(3-thienyl-2-carboxy)selenoxanthylium dye (2-Se) to TiO2. Monolayers of 1-Se on nanocrystalline TiO2 films consisted of both H-aggregated and nonaggregated dyes, whereas 2-Se underwent little or no aggregation upon adsorption. Two transient spectral signals were correlated with the dication radicals (1-Se+ and 2-Se+) generated by electron injection: an absorption at wavelengths shorter than 540 nm and a bleach from approximately 540−650 nm. Relative quantum yields for electron injection (ϕinj) were calculated from the measured amplitudes of these signals. The value of ϕinj for H-aggregated 1-Se was approximately 2-fold greater than ϕinj for nonaggregated 1-Se and approximately 3-fold greater than ϕinj for nonaggregated 2-Se. Thus, H-aggregation can increase both the light-harvesting efficiencies and the el...
Experimental validation of a sub-surface model of solar power for distributed marine sensor systems

The capabilities of distributed sensor systems such as marine wildlife telemetry tags could be significantly enhanced through the integration of photovoltaic modules. Photovoltaic cells could be used to supplement the primary batteries for wildlife telemetry tags to allow for extended tag deployments, wherein larger amounts of data could be collected and transmitted in near real time. In this article, we present experimental results used to validate and improve key aspects of our original model for sub-surface solar power. We discuss the test methods and results, comparing analytic predictions to experimental results. In a previous work, we introduced a model for sub-surface solar power that used analytic models and empirical data to predict the solar irradiance available for harvest at any depth under the ocean's surface over the course of a year. This model presented underwater photovoltaic transduction as a viable means of supplementing energy for marine wildlife telemetry tags. The additional data provided by improvements in daily energy budgets would enhance the temporal and spatial comprehension of the host's activities and/or environments. Photovoltaic transduction is one method that has not been widely deployed in the sub-surface marine environments despite widespread use on terrestrial and avian species wildlife tag systems. Until now, the use of photovoltaic cells for underwater energy harvesting has generally been disregarded as a viable energy source in this arena. In addition to marine telemetry systems, photovoltaic energy harvesting systems could also serve as a means of energy supply for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), as well as submersible buoys for oceanographic data collection.
Information Integrated Frameworkand Its Algorithm of Generic Comprehensive Evaluation and the Applications

To problems with multi-sources and diverse information,the traditional evaluation model is extended,and a new method called generic comprehensive evaluation is provided.This method centers on the fusion of complex information and its associated algorithm.Particularly,a framework is built to integrate various types and structured information,and the stochastic simulation technology is used to discuss the algorithm of the framework.Because the algorithm cost increases as the complexity of information in the framework,further a type of simplified algorithm is proposed.The validity of this simplified algorithm is illustrated by numerical examples.And the theory of generic comprehensive evaluation can be handled easily by the using of simplified algorithm.The case of "performance evaluation of region's development by multi-participants" illustrates that generic evaluation makes democratic decision among different benefits become possible.The achievements of this paper can provide support for the questions such as discovery of collective wisdom under big-data background,analysis of democratic decision making results,and so on.
Medizinische Prophylaxe im HNO-Fachbereich

Kurze Ubersicht zur anatomischen, sinnesphysiologischen und risikomassigen Ausgangslage arbeitsmedizinischer Prophylaxe des HNO-Fachbereiches. Die Hauptakzente liegen zurzeit im otoneurologischen Sektor (Gehor und Gleichgewicht). Am Beispiel der beruflichen Larmschwerhorigkeit wird die medizinische Prophylaxe betreffend Horschaden dargestellt (Audiomobilprogramm der Suva) und deren Effizienz nach verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten erortert.
The NAD World 2.0: the importance of the inter-tissue communication mediated by NAMPT/NAD + /SIRT1 in mammalian aging and longevity control.

The original concept of the NAD World was proposed in 2009, providing a comprehensive framework to investigate critical issues of biological robustness and trade-offs in mammalian aging and longevity control. Significant progress has been made over the past 7 years, advancing our understanding of the mechanisms by which biological robustness is maintained, and providing extensive support to the concept of the NAD World. Three key organs and tissues have been identified as basic elements in this control system for mammalian aging and longevity: the hypothalamus as the control center of aging, skeletal muscle as an effector, and adipose tissue as a modulator. While the hypothalamus sends a signal to skeletal muscle through the sympathetic nervous system, adipose tissue remotely regulates hypothalamic function by coordinating NAD+ biosynthesis at a systemic level. Skeletal muscle might also communicate with other organs and tissues by secreting various myokines. The mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 and the key NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme NAMPT mediate these inter-tissue communications. In this review, the function of each organ or tissue and their inter-tissue communications will be discussed in terms of understanding mammalian aging and longevity control. With such an emphasis on the system architecture, the concept is now reformulated as the NAD World 2.0, providing several important predictions. The concept of the NAD World 2.0 will provide a new foundation to understand a control system for mammalian aging and longevity and accelerate the development of an effective anti-aging intervention for humans.
Neuropsychiatric Issues in Parkinson Disease.

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the recognition and management of neuropsychiatric issues in Parkinson disease (PD), including mood disorders, cognitive impairment, and behavioral disturbances. Recent Findings: Patients with PD frequently develop neuropsychiatric issues, and these issues can greatly affect their quality of life. In recent years, mood, cognitive, and behavioral issues in PD have received greater recognition, with increasing attention directed toward improved screening and therapeutic interventions for symptomatic treatment. Taken together as a group, neuropsychiatric issues can be found throughout the whole course of PD, from early in the disease, potentially even in a premotor stage, to the time of diagnosis and later in the course with more advanced disease. Summary: In the comprehensive care of patients with PD, recognition of neuropsychiatric issues is critical. Advances in therapeutics for the different neuropsychiatric symptoms are still needed, although several pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic options are available. Patient management frequently requires a multidisciplinary approach, with collaboration of neurologists with neuropsychologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and other health professionals.
Doing research on mobile devices: An undergraduate case study

ABSTRACTTo investigate how undergraduates use library and scholarly resources through their mobile devices, the authors surveyed 138 undergraduate students at The College of New Jersey (TCNJ) in the spring 2014 semester. The results confirmed that they want to search databases and journals on their mobile devices. By examining the functionalities of mobile-friendly databases, we identified the challenges and barriers to using mobile devices to search electronic databases and find articles. The results of this study were used in generating recommendations for the design, capabilities, and resources of future mobile websites.
Human-robot shared workspace collaboration via hindsight optimization

Our human-robot collaboration research aims to improve the fluency and efficiency of interactions between humans and robots when executing a set of tasks in a shared workspace. During human-robot collaboration, a robot and a user must often complete a disjoint set of tasks that use an overlapping set of objects, without using the same object simultaneously. A key challenge is deciding what task the robot should perform next in order to facilitate fluent and efficient collaboration. Most prior work does so by first predicting the human's intended goal, and then selecting actions given that goal. However, it is often difficult, and sometimes impossible, to infer the human's exact goal in real time, and this serial predict-then-act method is not adaptive to changes in human goals. In this paper, we present a system for inferring a probability distribution over human goals, and producing assistance actions given that distribution in real time. The aim is to minimize the disruption caused by the nature of human-robot shared workspace. We extend recent work utilizing Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) for shared autonomy in order to provide assistance without knowing the exact goal. We evaluate our system in a study with 28 participants, and show that our POMDP model outperforms state of the art predict-then-act models by producing fewer human-robot collisions and less human idling time.
"Breastfeeding" but not at the breast: mothers' descriptions of providing pumped human milk to their infants via other containers and caregivers.

As pumping has become more prevalent among American women, pumped human milk (HM) is on the rise in their infants' diets in place of some or all feeding at the breast. We aimed to fill a gap in knowledge about mothers' motivations, practices and perceptions related to pumping, and about mothers' and other caregivers' motivations, practices, and perceptions related to feeding pumped HM. Results related to providing pumped HM are reported here, and results related to pumping are reported elsewhere. We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews among a diverse sample of mothers whose infants were fed pumped HM (n = 20), following each up to 1 year postpartum. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with Atlas.ti. Nearly all mothers felt bottles were necessary to meet infant HM-feeding goals. Nearly all pumped HM was fed by other caregivers because mothers typically preferred and prioritized feeding at the breast for convenience and maintaining their milk supply. Infants were bottle-fed HM for several reasons that changed over time, such as mother's absence, latch difficulty, or desire to share the burden and bonding of feeding. Feeding practices differed between feeds from bottles versus at the breast; some infants were bottle-fed on schedules but fed at the breast on demand. Mothers' methods for storing, transporting, and preparing HM varied substantially and included practices associated with loss of nutrients and microbial contamination. Mothers' reasons for bottle-feeding HM may affect how much their infants are bottle-fed. Consumption of pumped HM may not provide the same benefits to infants as feeding at the breast. These findings highlight important avenues for future research into the relationships between bottle-feeding HM and infant health, growth, and developmental outcomes.
Levels of strategies used by care managers to deal with health IT-related barriers

Care managers play an important role in coordinating care for chronically ill patients. They encounter various barriers related to the use of multiple health information technologies (IT) to access and process patient-related information and coordinate patient care. Using combined interviews and observations with 14 care managers in outpatient physician practices and hospitals, we identified different levels of strategies used by care managers in dealing with health IT-related barriers. These include individual (e.g., using a different system to find necessary information), team (e.g., getting help from other care managers) and organizational (e.g., reporting problems to their supervisor) strategies.
Placement of Balloon Catheter for Brachytherapy

Balloon brachytherapy is one option for delivery of radiation therapy for invasive breast cancer after lumpectomy. This chapter details the indication, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative dictation note.
Bullying Victimization Trajectories for Sexual Minority Adolescents: Stable Victims, Desisters, and Late-Onset Victims.

Sexual minority adolescents are bullied more frequently than heterosexual peers. Research is lacking on their rates of general and sexual orientation bullying victimization. The present study identified (1) the rate, onset, and desistance of general and sexual orientation bullying victimization, (2) the rate of bullying victimization trajectories, and (3) risk and protective factors across trajectories. A life history calendar method and thematic analysis were employed with a sexual minority adolescent sample (N = 52, 14-20 y/o). General bullying began at age 5 and declined after age 12, with sexual orientation bullying increasing throughout adolescence. Late-onset victim (34.6%) was the most common trajectory, followed by stable victim (28.9%), desister (23.1%), and nonvictim (13.5%). Differences in risk and protective factors were found across trajectories.
VR Employment Outcomes of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Decade in the Making

This study utilized hierarchical linear modeling analysis of a 10-year extant dataset from Rehabilitation Services Administration to investigate significant predictors of employment outcomes for vocational rehabilitation (VR) clients with autism. Predictor variables were gender, ethnicity, attained education level, IEP status in high school, secondary disability status, and total number of VR services. Competitive employment was the criterion variable. Only one predictor variable, Total Number of VR Services, was significant across all 10 years. IEP status in high school was not significant in any year. The remaining predictors were significant in one or more years. Further research and implications for researchers and practitioners are included.
Differing Air Traffic Controller Responses to Similar Trajectory Prediction Errors

A Human-In-The-Loop simulation was conducted in January of 2013 in the Airspace Operations Laboratory at NASA's Ames Research Center. The simulation airspace included two en route sectors feeding the northwest corner of Atlanta's Terminal Radar Approach Control. The focus of this paper is on how uncertainties in the study's trajectory predictions impacted the controllers ability to perform their duties. Of particular interest is how the controllers interacted with the delay information displayed in the meter list and data block while managing the arrival flows. Due to wind forecasts with 30-knot over-predictions and 30-knot under-predictions, delay value computations included errors of similar magnitude, albeit in opposite directions. However, when performing their duties in the presence of these errors, did the controllers issue clearances of similar magnitude, albeit in opposite directions?
Airline networks, traffic densities, and value of links

In airline networks, a link creates profits for its carrier in conjunction with the carrier’s other links. In other words, a link has “network” value. One prominent mechanism behind this network value is a hubbing effect: adding one single link to a hub creates many connecting routes. This paper studies a different and less explored mechanism of network value. It relies on the observation that passengers generally prefer a higher flight frequency (mainly because it provides more flexible options for travel times). Specifically, when a carrier adds a link, the created connecting routes will increase the traffic densities on adjacent links. As the carrier raises flight frequencies to meet the higher densities, there creates a positive effect on demand. By structurally estimating a model that incorporates this mechanism, I am able to quantify the density effect. It is found to be about 3.8 times as large as the hubbing effect. Furthermore, the model shows that the competitive impact of an airline entry (i.e., adding a new link) goes greatly beyond the local city-pair market where the entry happens.
Evidence for the Intermediate Phase in Chalcogenide Glasses

Raman scattering and T-modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements on several families of chalcogenide glasses have been performed. Comprehensive results are now available on the GexSe1−x and SixSe1−x binary glass systems, where rigidity is found to onset in two steps; a second-order transition at xc(l)=0.20 in both binaries from a floppy to an unstressed rigid phase, and a first-order transition at xc(2)=0.26 for Ge-Se,=0.27 for Si-Se binary from an unstressed rigid to a stressed rigid phase. The two transitions (xc(1), xc(2)) define the bounds of an intermediate phase that separates the floppy from the stressed rigid phase. The near absence of the non-reversing heat-flow, ΔHnr, constitutes evidence for the stress-free nature of the backbone of glass compositions in the intermediate phase. Light-induced melting of the intermediate phase in micro-Raman measurements on the Ge-Se glass system has also been observed.
In Vivo and in Vitro Initiation of Transcription

We have been trying to identify the sites of initiation of transcription in bacteriophage λ and to characterize the elements that control the transcription. The mRNAs were prepared both in vivo, by pulse labeling the phage-infected or induced lysogenic cells, and in vitro by using the λ DNA template and Escherichia cell RNA polymerase together with 32P-labeled nucleoside triphosphates. The promoter-proximal mRNA sequences were determined. The following observations were based on refs. 1–5.
Nonstationary open dynamical systems

This paper studies nonstationary open dynamical systems from the statistical viewpoint. By open, we mean that trajectories may escape through holes in the phase space. By nonstationary, we mean that the dynamical model itself (as well as the holes) may vary with time. Unlike the setting of random dynamical systems, no assumptions are made about the statistics of this variability. We formulate general results that yield conditional memory loss (an analog of decay of correlations) at exponential rates for nonstationary open dynamical systems. We apply our results to a class of nonstationary piecewise-smooth expanding systems in higher dimension with moving holes.
Soil chemistry and microbial community functional responses to invasive shrub removal in mixed hardwood forests.

Abstract Invasive woody plant species are a threat to biodiversity and ecosystem function in forests of the eastern U.S., due in part to their effects on soil properties and nutrient cycling. Controlling invasive shrubs can benefit the ecosystem at multiple scales, but these species tend to resprout when cut, and post-cutting flushes of root exudates have been linked to accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), a rhizosphere priming effect. We removed the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Amur honeysuckle) from forested sites in central Indiana, USA, using cut-stump and forestry mulching head treatments. For two growing seasons after the initial removal treatments, we compared the soil chemistry and microbial community function of bulk and honeysuckle rhizosphere soils in shrub removal areas to those in invaded reference areas. Microbial activity measured using multiple substrate induced respiration (MSIR) in bulk soils was generally lower in removal areas than reference areas the first year, coinciding with relatively elevated responses in the rhizosphere soils of resprouting shrubs. Elevated SOM and organic C in rhizosphere soils of resprouting shrubs suggested a flush of rhizodeposits from cutting and regrowth. However, bulk soil chemistry responses to shrub removal did not show any evidence of a rhizosphere priming effect, but instead reflected the reduced effects of honeysuckle on throughfall precipitation chemistry—higher ammonium and lower magnesium. Nonetheless, changes in bulk soil chemistry between years were driven by the chemical characteristics of rhizosphere soil associated with resprouting honeysuckle. This study is the first to document the potential for invasive shrub control to affect soil properties through rhizodeposition by the target species.
Union of Subspaces Signal Detection In Subspace Interference

This paper investigates detection theory for signals belonging to a union of subspaces (UoS) in the presence of an interference subspace and white noise of unknown variance. Generalized likelihood ratio tests are provided for both signal detection and “active” subspace detection under the UoS model. The paper also derives performance bounds on the associated detection problems and relates them to the geometry of subspaces in the union and the interfering subspace. These relations are then corroborated through numerical experiments on synthetic data.
Entropy generation analysis of sequential Anaerobic Digester Ion-Exchange technology for Phosphorus extraction from waste

Abstract Phosphorus (P) recovery from waste is a crucial sustainability challenge both for meeting the growing food demand and maintaining water quality effected by P run-off. Several new technologies are under development to address this issue, however each technology presents a trade-off in terms of cost vs benefits. Energy consumption forms one such critical trade-off as energy intensive technologies can lead to unintended consequences. However, the energy assessment of waste treatment and nutrient recovery systems are limited in literature and mostly focused on empirical analysis. This limits the design optimization of these systems for improving energy utilization. In this work, this critical gap of rigorous energy assessment of waste recovery technologies has been addressed by proposing the method of entropy generation analysis (EGA) as a tool for evaluating the design of waste recovery systems in order to improve energy utilization. To demonstrate the method of EGA for waste recovery technologies, the method was applied on a sequential Anaerobic Digester (AD)-Ion Exchange (IE) based side stream process used for extraction of P from waste water system which is the first step in recovery of nutrient from waste. EGA was performed by assuming a black box model for the technology and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using mechanism based approach by considering biochemical reactions in AD, stream flow analysis in ASPEN PLUS and batch IE experiments. The study successfully shows how to account for entropy generation in processes like AD and IE using mechanisms that result in entropy generation leading to energy losses. Results from the study indicate that the entropy generated from the heat exchange system to maintain the operating temperature for AD and IE was leading cause of entropy generation which provides guidance for targeting design improvements to design cleaner technologies in future. Such insights about mechanism behind energy losses is not feasible using widely used energy analysis methods and the method of total exergy destruction analysis which combines the total losses for a subsystem but does not elucidate exact causes of losses, thus EGA provides a distinct advantage for guiding the design of technologies to minimize energy losses.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Reveals That GU Base Pairs Flanking Internal Loops Can Adopt Diverse Structures

RNA thermodynamics play an important role in determining the two- and three-dimensional structures of RNA. Internal loops of the sequence 5′-GMNU/3′-UNMG are relatively unstable thermodynamically. Here, five duplexes with GU-flanked 2 × 2 nucleotide internal loops were structurally investigated to reveal determinants of their instability. The following internal loops were investigated: 5′-GCAU/3′-UACG, 5′-UUCG/3′-GCUU, 5′-GCUU/3′-UUCG, 5′-GUCU/3′-UCUG, and 5′-GCCU/3′-UCCG. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra indicate the absence of GU wobble base pairing in 5′-GCUU/3′-UUCG, 5′-GUCU/3′-UCUG, and 5′-GCCU/3′-UCCG. The 5′-GCUU/3′-UUCG loop has an unusual conformation of the GU base pairs, in which U’s O2 carbonyl forms a bifurcated hydrogen bond with G’s amino and imino protons. The internal loop of 5′-GUCU/3′-UCUG displays a shifted configuration in which GC pairs flank a U-U pair and several U’s are in fast exchange between positions inside and outside the helix. In contrast, 5′-GCAU/3′-UACG ...
Boosted Race Trees for Low Energy Classification

When extremely low-energy processing is required, the choice of data representation makes a tremendous difference. Each representation (e.g. frequency domain, residue coded, log-scale) comes with a unique set of trade-offs --- some operations are easier in that domain while others are harder. We demonstrate that race logic, in which temporally coded signals are getting processed in a dataflow fashion, provides interesting new capabilities for in-sensor processing applications. Specifically, with an extended set of race logic operations, we show that tree-based classifiers can be naturally encoded, and that common classification tasks can be implemented efficiently as a programmable accelerator in this class of logic. To verify this hypothesis, we design several race logic implementations of ensemble learners, compare them against state-of-the-art classifiers, and conduct an architectural design space exploration. Our proof-of-concept architecture, consisting of 1,000 reconfigurable Race Trees of depth 6, will process 15.2M frames/s, dissipating 613mW in 14nm CMOS.
Holey Graphene Metal Nanoparticle Composites via Crystalline Polymer Templated Etching.

While graphene has sparked enormous research interest since its isolation in 2004, there has also been an interest in developing graphene composite materials that leverage graphene’s extraordinary ...
An Extensive Study on Cross-Project Predictive Mutation Testing

Mutation testing is a powerful technique for evaluating the quality of test suite which plays a key role in ensuring software quality. The concept of mutation testing has also been widely used in other software engineering studies, e.g., test generation, fault localization, and program repair. During the process of mutation testing, large number of mutants may be generated and then executed against the test suite to examine whether they can be killed, making the process extremely computational expensive. Several techniques have been proposed to speed up this process, including selective, weakened, and predictive mutation testing. Among those techniques, Predictive Mutation Testing (PMT) tries to build a classification model based on an amount of mutant execution records to predict whether coming new mutants would be killed or alive without mutant execution, and can achieve significant mutation cost reduction. In PMT, each mutant is represented as a list of features related to the mutant itself and the test suite, transforming the mutation testing problem to a binary classification problem. In this paper, we perform an extensive study on the effectiveness and efficiency of the promising PMT technique under the cross-project setting using a total 654 real world projects with more than 4 Million mutants. Our work also complements the original PMT work by considering more features and the powerful deep learning models. The experimental results show an average of over 0.85 prediction accuracy on 654 projects using cross validation, demonstrating the effectiveness of PMT. Meanwhile, a clear speed up is also observed with an average of 28.7X compared to traditional mutation testing with 5 threads. In addition, we analyze the importance of different groups of features in classification model, which provides important implications for the future research.
Clinical and histopathological classification of feline intraocular lymphoma.

This retrospective study aimed to describe and classify cats with intraocular lymphoma, determine the proportion of cases with presumed solitary ocular lymphoma (PSOL) compared with ocular manifestations of multicentric disease and assess the clinical outcomes of these patients. One hundred seventy-two cases identified through biopsy submissions were reviewed histologically; 163 of these cases were subtyped according to the WHO classification system. Cases were categorized as having PSOL or ocular lymphoma with suspected systemic involvement (SSI) based on submission forms and follow-up data. The majority of cases exhibited concurrent uveitis (75%) and secondary glaucoma (58%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (n = 86; 53%), followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n = 44; 27%). Other subtypes included anaplastic large T- (n = 8; 5%) and B-cell (n = 4; 2.5%) lymphomas, and 15 cases (9%) were negative for all immunohistochemical markers. In sixty-nine cases (40%), adequate clinical data and sufficient survival data were obtained to distinguish PSOL from SSI. PSOL comprised the majority of cases (64%), while 36% had SSI. When covarying for age at diagnosis, the median survival time was significantly higher (P = 0.003) for cases of PSOL (154 days) versus those with SSI (69 days); hazards ratio of 0.47 for PSOL (95% CI: 0.241-0.937). The subtype of lymphoma did not affect survival time. Cats with PSOL represent a greater proportion of the disease population, and this subset of cats with intraocular lymphoma has a better clinical outcome.
Real-Time Digital Surveillance of Vaping-Induced Pulmonary Disease.

Real-Time Surveillance of Vaping-Induced Pulmonary Disease This report documents the ongoing surge in cases of severe pulmonary disease associated with e-cigarettes, collecting online information f...
Computations of Colorings 7D-Hypercube’s Hyperplanes for All Irreducible Representations

In the present study, we compute and enumerate the colorings of 7D-hypercube for all of its hyperplanes (q = 1-7) for all 110 irreducible representations (IRs) of the seventh-dimensional hyperoctahedral group consisting of 645,120 symmetry operations. The computations of colorings of the 7D-hypercube are motivated by a number of chemical and biological applications such as the 7D-hypercube representation of the periodic table, hypercube representations of water heptamer clusters, genetic regulatory networks, isomerization graphs, massively large data representations, and so forth. We have employed the Mobius inversion technique combined with generalized character cycle indices for 110 IRs to compute the generating functions for colorings of seven different types of hyperplanes of the 7D-hypercube varying from the vertices (q = 7) to hexeracts (q = 1) of the 7D-hypercube. Explicit computed tables are provided for 110 IRs from q = 1 to q = 7 for the 7D-hypercube. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sellar trough technique for endoscopic endonasal transclival repair.

Background Endoscopic endonasal transclival approaches provide direct access to the ventral skull base allowing the treating of clival and paraclival pathology without the manipulation of the brain or neurovascular structures. Postoperative spinal fluid leak, however, remains a challenge and various techniques have been described to reconstruct the operative defect. The "gasket seal" has been well-described, but has anatomic challenges when applied to clival defects. We describe a modification of this technique for use in endonasal transclival approaches. Methods Two patients who underwent an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for tumor resection with an intraoperative spinal fluid leak underwent a modified "gasket seal" closure technique for skull base reconstruction. Results A 71-year-old woman with a petroclival meningioma and a 22 year old with a clival chordoma underwent endoscopic endonasal transclival resection with the modified repair. No new postoperative deficits occurred and no postoperative spinal fluid leak was seen with a follow-up of 17 and 23 months, respectively. Conclusion We describe the successful use of a simple, low risk, and technique modification of the "gasket seal" technique adapted to the clivus that allows for hard reconstruction and facilitates placement of the nasoseptal flap.
Box–Cox power transformation unconditional quantile regressions with an application on wage inequality

This study proposes a semi-parametric estimation method, Box–Cox power transformation unconditional quantile regression, to estimate the impact of changes in the distribution of the explanatory var...
U.S. Building Energy Efficiency and Flexibility as an Electric Grid Resource

Buildings consume 75% of U.S. electricity; therefore, improving the efficiency and flexibility of building operations could increase the reliability and resilience of the rapidly-changing electricity system. We estimate the technical potential near- and long-term impacts of best available building efficiency and flexibility measures on annual electricity use and hourly demand across the contiguous U.S. Co-deployment of building efficiency and flexibility avoids up to 742 TWh of annual electricity use and 181 GW of daily net peak load in 2030, rising to 800 TWh and 208 GW by 2050; at least 59 GW and 69 GW of the peak reductions are dispatchable. Implementing efficiency measures alongside flexibility measures reduces the potential for off-peak load increases, underscoring limitations on load shifting in efficient buildings. Overall, however, we find a substantial building-grid resource that could reduce future fossil-fired generation needs while also reducing dependence on energy storage with increasing variable renewable energy penetration.
Understanding autism: the power of EEG harnessed by prototypical learning

Recent studies suggest that atypical neural function, due to atypical neural structure, is associated with the behavioral symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Additionally, studies suggest that the atypical neural functions and structures associated with ASD change from early childhood to adulthood. This study is the first to develop a multiclass classification model to differentiate neural activity patterns of children and adults with and without ASD depicted by their EEG waveforms. In contrary to the conventional binary classification approaches used in state-of-the-art literature, the multi-class approaches learn the similarity, dissimilarity, common and differentiating patterns among all the categories present in the data. We collected 6 minutes of non-invasive resting-state EEG signals from 105 individuals that include ASD children and adults as well as typical children and adults. Since conventional supervised learning multi-class classifiers suffer from overfitting on limited clinical data, this study employed a few-shot learning mechanism, named prototypical network learning, that is adaptive to limited data and robust against data imbalance issues. Our developed model achieved 85% accuracy in multiclass classification. As the next step, we are developing an interpretable machine learning adaptation for prototypical learning to interpret the model inferences and highlight the brain wave patterns indicative of ASD in different stages of development.
Tensor Principal Component Analysis in High Dimensional CP Models

The CP decomposition for high dimensional non-orthogonal spike tensors is an important problem with broad applications across many disciplines. However, previous works with theoretical guarantee typically assume restrictive incoherence conditions on the basis vectors for the CP components. In this paper, we propose new computationally efficient composite PCA and concurrent orthogonalization algorithms for tensor CP decomposition with theoretical guarantees under mild incoherence conditions. The composite PCA applies the principal component or singular value decompositions twice, first to a matrix unfolding of the tensor data to obtain singular vectors and then to the matrix folding of the singular vectors obtained in the first step. It can be used as an initialization for any iterative optimization schemes for the tensor CP decomposition. The concurrent orthogonalization algorithm iteratively estimates the basis vector in each mode of the tensor by simultaneously applying projections to the orthogonal complements of the spaces generated by others CP components in other modes. It is designed to improve the alternating least squares estimator and other forms of the high order orthogonal iteration for tensors with low or moderately high CP ranks. Our theoretical investigation provides estimation accuracy and statistical convergence rates for the two proposed algorithms. Our implementations on synthetic data demonstrate significant practical superiority of our approach over existing methods.
Information Processing and Quality Choice: The Case of Organic Milk

Analyzing differences in the quality of information-intensive goods may require information processing from consumers. Focusing on the differences between organic and conventional milk, we propose analyzing such markets using a tractable micro-founded discrete choice framework with Rational Inattention, non-homothetic preferences, and heterogeneous consumers. We predict theoretically and confirm empirically that consumers with higher efficiency of information processing (EIP) choose higher quality goods than those with lower EIP; however, this does not hold for poorer consumers for whom budget constraints are binding. Similarly, choosing higher quality increases with income, but the effect is weak without sufficiently high EIP.
Effect of Comorbidity Burden on the Risk of Venous Thromboembolic Events After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

BackgroundVenous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are common after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The rate of VTEs has improved with early mobilization, mechanical prophylaxis, and appropriate chemopro...