cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baseline assessment of children traumatized by the Armenian earthquake

Assessed at baseline for longitudinal study is the impact of the Armenian earthquake on children screened through the Children's Psychotherapy Center in Kirovakan, Armenia. The earthquake caused close to 25,000 deaths, almost two thirds of which were children and adolescents. Examined herein are memory functioning and clinical data collected on a baseline level which provides a better understanding of both diagnostic indicators and trauma processing in child survivors of the Armenian earthquake. Current theory related to processing of trauma in children is reviewed as are recommendations for further research.
Microtubules and Filaments Beneath the Fission Furrow of Stentor coeruleus1

. The ultrastructure of the cortex beneath the fission furrow of dividing Stentor coeruleus was examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. During division, basal bodies, axonemes, and km fibers beneath the furrow were absorbed near the moving primordial oral apparatus, and a circumferential band of microtubules and filaments was formed at the base of the furrow. The location and orientation of this fibrous band suggest that it may be an important component of the cytokinetic machinery. Treatment with vinblastine sulfate (4 × 10-5 M) disrupted the circumferential microtubules and blocked division, which is consistent with this hypothesis.
The incumbency dilemma and rent extraction by legislators

An incumbent is able to shirk or otherwise obtain rents based on his tenure of office because more senior representatives are better able to advance their legislative agendas than are more junior members. The realization of incumbent rents implies that an electoral prisoners' dilemma occurs at the level of voters across electoral districts. Pivotal voters in each district would benefit if all incumbents were replaced by challengers with similar legislative programs because the cost of incumbent rents can be avoided, but each benefits if his representative has more seniority than those from other districts.
Quantitative Literacy for Undergraduate Business Students in the 21st Century

The current business environment is awash in vast amounts of data that ongoing transactions continually generate. Leading-edge corporations are using business analytics to achieve competitive advantage. However, educators are not adequately preparing business school students in quantitative methods to meet this challenge. For more than half a century, business schools have relied mostly on a course in calculus and a course in statistics to meet the needs of their students despite an information-based business climate that has changed significantly. The authors propose that educators prepare students in the areas of mathematical modeling and risk management and quantitative skills, teaching them in the context of meaningful business problems.
The limited efficacy of exercise radionuclide ventriculography in assessing prognosis of women with coronary artery disease

Increasing numbers of women are undergoing stress testing for coronary artery disease evaluation. Limited study is available as to its efficacy in women. Four hundred nineteen patients with coronary artery disease (74 women and 345 men) referred for exercise radionuclide ventriculography between 1979 and 1986 were evaluated in a prospective cohort evaluation with 5-year follow-up. Exercise radionuclide ventriculographic variables were analyzed and compared between women and men. The prognostic efficacy of exercise radionuclide ventriculography was assessed separately for women and men among patients with coronary artery disease by Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival curves, univariate Cox regression analyses, and hierarchical stepwise Cox regression analyses. Overall, women demonstrated higher resting and peak left ventricular ejection fraction response to exercise than men. Ninety-six of 419 patients (23%) had cardiac events at 5-year follow-up. Although left ventricular response to exercise conveyed prognostic information in the combined and male populations (multivariate hierarchical analyses chi-square 11, p = 0.001 for delta left ventricular ejection fraction and chi-square 10, p = 0.002 for worsening exercise wall motion score), these variables were not found to be prognostically useful in women. Women with coronary artery disease demonstrated a worsened functional status, evidenced by greater compromise of exercise capacity, despite having less extensive anatomic disease than their male counterparts. We conclude that sex-related differences in left ventricular response to exercise limit the prognostic utility of exercise ventriculography in women with coronary artery disease.
Treatment of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus infected Balb/C mice with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade®, PS-341) results in increased inflammation and mortality

Abstract Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is an important pathogen and is associated with mortality in the young, old, and immuno-compromised. Due to the lack of effective therapeutic antivirals or a vaccine, there is a critical need for continued research in this field. Here we tested the ability of the FDA approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to inhibit HRSV in vitro and in vivo . We observed significant inhibition of HRSV replication in Vero cells at bortezomib concentrations from 20 to 40 ng/ml. Bortezomib was well tolerated in mice when administered intranasally at concentrations of ≤0.3 mg/kg or intraperitoneally at 1.0 mg/kg. However, treatment of HRSV-infected mice with doses as low as 0.01 mg/kg resulted in increased pulmonary inflammation and mortality compared to mock treated-infected control animals. Examination of cytokine expression levels from lungs of bortezomib treated HRSV-infected mice revealed an increase in G-CSF, IL-6, MCP-1, and RANTES levels and a decrease in total IL-12 compared to mock treated-infected control animals. These data indicate that treatment with bortezomib during HRSV infection may alter the immune response and could potentially create a risk for patients treated with bortezomib in the event of a respiratory tract infection.
Digital-flutter-suppression-system investigations for the active flexible wing wind-tunnel model

Active flutter suppression control laws were designed, implemented, and tested on an aeroelastically-scaled wind tunnel model in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. One of the control laws was successful in stabilizing the model while the dynamic pressure was increased to 24 percent greater than the measured open-loop flutter boundary. Other accomplishments included the design, implementation, and successful operation of a one-of-a-kind digital controller, the design and use of two simulation methods to support the project, and the development and successful use of a methodology for on-line controller performance evaluation.
Trying Times at the FDA — The Challenge of Ensuring the Safety of Imported Pharmaceuticals

In recent years, the FDA has faced serious challenges to its ability to ensure the safety of the country's medical devices and drugs. What can be done? Stuart Schweitzer writes that one approach is to attempt to boost the FDA's efficiency. Stuart Schweitzer discusses challenges and recent crises at the FDA and the scope of the agency's responsibilities. Dr. Schweitzer is a professor of health services at the UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles.
Telling Women’s Stories in 16th-Century Central Asia: A Book of Guidance in Chaghatay Turkic for a Royal Lady of the Bukharan Court

This study explores a substantial work in Chaghatay Turkic produced in Bukhārā in the early 16th century for ʿĀʾisha Sulṭān Khānim, wife of the ‘Uzbek’ Chinggisid ruler ʿUbaydullāh (nephew of Muḥammad Shibānī Khān). The work, written by a certain Maḥmūd Andkhūdī, survives in a unique manuscript in Paris, but hitherto has not drawn scholarly attention (due to the misleading catalogue description, from the 1930s); it offers anecdotal commentaries and illustrations for a selection of Qurʾānic verses, and the stories used to explain and expand upon the religious principles have in common a focus on issues regarded as of importance to women.
Toward the automated measurement of the type-A behavior pattern.

Sixty-six structured interviews that were rated by Rosenman on a 5-point Type A/B behavior pattern scale, were scored by means of a semiautomated system for verbosity, voice volume and the temporal pacing of speech. A significant negative correlation obtained between interviewees' A/B ratings and their reaction-time scores; significant positive correlations obtained between their behavior type ratings and their voice volume and duration of vocalization scores. A regression equation consisting of reaction-time and voice volume scores correctly classified the A/B ratings of 89 percent of the interviewees. The significant correlations that were obtained between the interviewer's and the interviewees' speech patterns emphasize the need for standardizing the interviewer's style. Finally, the findings suggest that anxiety-arousal is a mediating variable in the relationship between Type-A behavior and coronary heart disease.
Association analysis between polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes with cocaine dependence

Abstract Genetic research on cocaine dependence (CD) may help clarify our understanding of the disorder as well as provide novel insights for effective treatment. Since dopamine neurotransmission has been shown to be involved in drug reward, related genes are plausible candidates for susceptibility to CD. The dopamine receptor D 2 (DRD2) protein and dopamine transporter (DAT1) protein play regulatory roles in dopamine neurotransmission. The TaqI A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the DRD2 gene and the 3′ variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the DAT1 gene have been implicated in psychiatric disorders and drug addictions. In this study, we hypothesize that these polymorphisms contribute to increased risk for CD. Cocaine-dependent individuals ( n = 347) and unaffected controls ( n = 257) of African descent were genotyped for the polymorphisms in the DRD2 and DAT1 genes. We observed no statistically significant differences or trends in allele or genotype frequencies between cases and controls for either of the tested polymorphisms. Our study suggests that there is no association between the DRD2 and DAT1 polymorphisms and CD. However, additional studies using larger sample sizes and clinically homogenous populations are necessary before confidently excluding these variants as contributing genetic risk factors for CD.
Bethlehem Steel at Lackawanna: the state-corporate crimes that continue to victimize the residents and environment of Western New York

Findings from state-corporate crime studies evince the severity of crimes perpetrated via collusion between private industry and government. One area in which this collaboration is evident is in the development of atomic weapons. This paper presents a case study of prior complicity between Bethlehem Steel and the Atomic Energy Commission in Lackawanna, New York. Government reports, worker memoirs, and news media articles are analyzed to illustrate the repercussions of this state-corporate collusion on former employees and surrounding communities. Qualitative analysis supports two points: (1) political-economic factors drove a number of state-corporate crimes victimizing the western New York community and its residents, and (2) political economy acted as a source of motivation and opportunity, and produced weak social control in the development of nuclear arms at Bethlehem Steel's Lackawanna plant. These results underscore the importance of studying the role of political economy in state-corporate offending.
Smart cache cleaning: energy efficient vulnerability reduction in embedded processors

Incessant and rapid technology scaling has brought us to a point where todays, and future transistors are susceptible to transient errors induced by energy carrying particles, called soft errors. Within a processor, the sheer size and nature of data in the caches render it most vulnerable to electrical interferences on static data in the cache. Data in the cache is vulnerable to corruption by soft errors, for the time it remains in the cache. Write-through and early-write-back [17] cache configurations reduce the time for vulnerable data in the cache, at the cost of increased memory writes and therefore energy. We propose a smart cache cleaning methodology, that enables copying of only specific vulnerable cache blocks into the memory at chosen times, thereby ensuring data cache protection with minimal memory writes. Our experiments over LINPACK and Livermore benchmarks demonstrate 26% reduced energy-vulnerability product compared to that of hardware cache configurations.
An individualized educational model for the remediation of physicians.

Objective To design and implement an individualized program of evaluation and education to provide remedial experiences to physicians. Design and setting An evaluation and educational program for physicians practicing in New York State. Participants Physicians referred for evaluation and possible remedial educational experiences from the New York State Office of Professional Medical Conduct, from the New York State Committee on Physicians' Health, or self-referred. Main outcome measures Educational programs designed to meet the individually identified educational needs of physicians and placement of physicians in educational settings that facilitate their meeting the program goals and issues raised by the Office of Professional Medical Conduct. Results Of the 28 physicians who have undergone evaluation activities, at the time of this report, five (18%) had completed their educational programs, five (18%) were participating in directed educational programs, five (18%) had approved educational programs and were awaiting placement, and 10 (36%) were awaiting acceptance of their program by the Office of Professional Medical Conduct. Conclusions A comprehensive evaluation program can identify areas amenable to education and target individualized remedial educational experiences that may enable physicians to become contributing members of the medical community.
Numerical simulations of driven vortex systems

This paper reports on several large-scale numerical simulations of vortex systems that are driven through superconducting media with defects. The simulations are based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations. The simulations demonstrate regimes of plastic and elastic steady-state motion in the presence of a twin boundary, show the effect of regular and irregular arrays of point defects on vortex trajectories, and show a mechanism by which vortices move through an array of columnar defects. Also presented are the results of some transient simulations in two and three dimensions, which show that, in the transition from the Meissner state to the vortex state, vortices are formed by a process of deposition. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Characterization of the three different states of the cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor in pancreatic acini

By measuring binding of [125I]CCK-8 and [3H]L-364,718 to rat pancreatic acini we demonstrated directly that the pancreatic CCK receptor can exist in three different affinity states with respect to CCK--high affinity, low affinity and very low affinity. Binding of [125I]CCK-8 reflects interaction of the tracer with the high and low affinity states, whereas binding of [3H]L-364,718 reflects interaction of the tracer with the low and very low affinity states. Treating acini with carbachol abolished the high affinity state of the CCK receptor and converted approximately 25% of the low affinity receptors to the very low affinity state. Carbachol treatment was particularly useful in establishing the values of Kd for the high and low affinity states for different CCK receptor agonists and antagonists. Of the various CCK receptor agonists tested, CCK-8 had the highest affinity for the high affinity state (Kd approximately 1 nM), whereas CCK-JMV-180 had the highest affinity for the low (Kd 7 nM) and very low affinity (Kd 200 nM) states. Gastrin and de(SO4)CCK-8 had affinities for the high and low affinity states of the receptor that were 100- to 400-fold less than those of CCK-8 but had affinities for the very low affinity state that were only 3- to 10-fold less than that of CCK-8. CCK receptor antagonists showed several patterns in interacting with the different states of the CCK receptor. L-364,718 had the same affinity for each state of the CCK receptor. CR1409 and Bt2cGMP each had similar affinities for the high and low affinity states and lower affinity for the very low affinity state. L-365,260 and CCK-JMV-179 had the highest affinity for the low affinity state and lower affinities for the high and very low affinity states. Different CCK receptor agonists caused the same maximal stimulation of amylase secretion but showed different degrees of amplification in terms of the relationship between their abilities to stimulate amylase secretion and their abilities to occupy the low affinity state of the CCK receptor. When amplification was expressed quantitatively as the value of Kd for the low affinity state divided by the corresponding EC50 for stimulating amylase secretion the values were CCK-8 (1000), de(SO)CCK-8 (1500), gastrin (100) and CCK-JMV-180 (Menozzi, D., Vinayek, R., Jensen, R.T. and Gardner, J.D. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 10385-1091).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Combination antiretroviral therapy improves psychomotor speed performance in HIV-seropositive homosexual men

Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy including protease inhibitors (combo+PI) is effective in suppressing systemic viral load in HIV infection, but its impact on HIV-associated cognitive impairment is unclear. Objective: To determine whether psychomotor speed, a sensitive measure of impairment in HIV dementia, improves with combo+PI compared with other antiretroviral treatments. Methods: A total of 411 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) homosexual men (with longitudinal neuropsychological testing) in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and, in a separate analysis, 282 HIV+ homosexual men with psychomotor slowing at baseline were classified by treatment into four groups: antiretroviral naive (no antiretroviral medication treatment), monotherapy, combination antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors (combo-noPI), and combo+PI. We compared longitudinal performance on three tests of psychomotor speed: the Grooved Pegboard (GP) (nondominant and dominant hands), Trail Making Test B, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Results: Relative to antiretroviral-naive and monotherapy participants, on the GP nondominant hand test, combo+PI participants with abnormal baseline neuropsychological testing showed improved performance (difference = +0.63 standard deviation [SD], p = 0.02). For the SDMT, both combo+PI participants (difference = +0.26 SD, p = 0.03) and combo-noPI participants (difference = +0.29 SD, p = 0.01) with abnormal baseline neuropsychological testing improved compared with antiretroviral-naive and monotherapy groups. Conclusion: Combo+PI and combo-noPI are associated with improved psychomotor speed performance in HIV+ homosexual men with abnormal neuropsychological testing.
Recreation and risk around Los Alamos: are Hispanics more at risk?

The Department of Energy (DOE) and other federal facilities are involved in massive remediation and restoration efforts on lands that may eventually be turned over for recreation or other uses by the public. In addition, other sites are expected to continue their ongoing missions, but recreation may be sanctioned, or not discouraged, on their remediated lands. Understanding the amount and types of recreation of regional residents who might use such lands, as well as their willingness to use these lands, is critical to determining both cleanup and restoration standards, and potential future risk. In this article the recreational rates, current recreational use, and willingness to recreate on Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico are examined for 356 people interviewed at a well-attended gun show in Albuquerque, NM. There were few significant ethnic differences in recreational rates, although Hispanics had higher fishing rates and lower birdwatching rates than whites. Women hunted less, and photograp...
The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time

Jeffrey D. Sachs. Foreword by Bono. New York: Penguin Press, 2005. xiii and 396 pp., maps, diagrams, photos, notes, index. $27.95 cloth (ISBN 1 59420-045-9).
A Bachelor of Science in information technology: an interdisciplinary approach

Rensselaer has launched a new Bachelor of Science degree program in Information Technology [4,5]. This degree is an alternative to the more traditional computer science or computer systems degrees that Rensselaer continues to offer. It focuses on the application of computing and communications technologies in a student-chosen application area called a second discipline. The expectation is that a company doing business in the second discipline or closely related area will employ a student completing this degree.This paper describes the motivation behind the new degree program and its interdisciplinary approach. It also presents the organization of the curriculum and its requirements.
Reorganizing for National Security and Homeland Security

This article considers the post-September 11 challenges faced by the U.S. national security machinery and analyzes the relationship between the new threat environment, the United States's role in the world, and decision-making structure. Homeland security is defined as a subset of national security. The threat of foreign terrorist organizations acting on U.S. soil should be seen in the political context of the pursuit of U.S. national interests in an ofen anarchic world. Two models for homeland security organizational structures are considered: a departmental model and an interagency model. The interagency model, embodied in the Homeland Security Council, is a better fit given the nature of the threat, the crucial need for coordination, and the realities of governmental decision making. The organizational challenges that may complicate the government's preparations, decisions, and implementation of a major homeland defense mission stem from three rivalries: executive-legislative, cabinet-staff, and Homeland Security CouncilNational Security Council.
Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with an unusual protein composition diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: A case report

Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is rare, but a number of individual cases have been reported in the literature. Radiologically, pulmonary amyloid nodules often mimic cancer and hence require biopsy to obtain a specimen for definitive diagnosis. We describe a case of isolated nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with an unusual amyloid composition that given the patient's clinical history has not been described in the literature to the best of our knowledge, making this case unique. A 58-year-old woman with a history of mixed connective tissue disease was found to have multiple lung nodules on chest computed tomography (CT) that were radiologically suspicious for cancer. A CT-guided percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of one of the nodules was performed. A diagnosis of amyloid was rendered using special stains and polarized light microscopic examination. Immunohistochemical stains revealed that the amyloid comprised beta-2 microglobulin as well as both kappa and lambda light chains. Further work up showed no evidence of systemic amyloidosis. We were successful in rendering an accurate diagnosis of a pulmonary amyloidoma on material procured by CT-guided FNA thus avoiding more invasive procedures. In addition, immunohistochemical staining revealed an unexpected and highly unusual protein composition of the amyloid. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Utility of red flag symptom exclusions in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome

Summary Background Studies suggest that the positive predictive value of the Rome II criteria for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome can be enhanced by excluding red flag symptoms suggestive of organic diseases. Aim We assessed the utility of red flags for detecting organic diseases in patients diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome by their physicians. Methods Systematic chart reviews were completed in 1434 patients with clinical diagnoses of irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal pain, diarrhoea or constipation, who also completed questionnaires to identify Rome II criteria for irritable bowel syndrome and red flag symptoms. Results The overall incidence of gastrointestinal cancer was 2.5% (but 1.0% in those with irritable bowel syndrome), for inflammatory bowel disease 2.0% (1.2% in irritable bowel syndrome), and for malabsorption 1.3% (0.7% in irritable bowel syndrome). Red flags were reported by 84% of the sample. The positive predictive value of individual red flags for identifying organic disease was 7–9%. Excluding any patient with a red flag improved the agreement between Rome II and clinical diagnosis by a modest 5%, but left 84% of patients who were diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome by their physicians, without a diagnosis. Conclusions Red flags may be useful for identifying patients who require additional diagnostic evaluation, but incorporating them into the Rome criteria would not improve sensitivity and would result in too many missed irritable bowel syndrome diagnoses.
Renormalization of spectra by phase competition in the half-filled Hubbard-Holstein model

We present electron and phonon spectral functions calculated from determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the half-filled two-dimensional Hubbard-Holstein model on a square lattice. By tuning the relative electron-electron $(e\ensuremath{-}e)$ and electron-phonon $(e\ensuremath{-}ph)$ interaction strengths, we show the electron spectral function evolving between antiferromagnetic insulating, metallic, and charge-density-wave (CDW) insulating phases. The phonon spectra concurrently gain a strong momentum dependence and soften in energy upon approaching the CDW phase. In particular, we study how the $e\ensuremath{-}e$ and $e\ensuremath{-}ph$ interactions renormalize the spectra and find that the presence of both interactions suppresses the amount of renormalization at low energy, thus allowing the emergence of a metallic phase at intermediate coupling strengths. In addition, we find a modest enhancement of the $d$-wave pairing susceptibility in the metallic regime, although spin and charge correlations are still dominant at the temperatures considered in our study. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the influence of multiple interactions in spectroscopically determining any one interaction strength in strongly correlated materials.
Temporal coordination of gene networks by Zelda in the early Drosophila embryo.

In past years, much attention has focused on the gene networks that regulate early developmental processes, but less attention has been paid to how multiple networks and processes are temporally coordinated. Recently the discovery of the transcriptional activator Zelda (Zld), which binds to CAGGTAG and related sequences present in the enhancers of many early-activated genes in Drosophila, hinted at a mechanism for how batteries of genes could be simultaneously activated. Here we use genome-wide binding and expression assays to identify Zld target genes in the early embryo with the goal of unraveling the gene circuitry regulated by Zld. We found that Zld binds to genes involved in early developmental processes such as cellularization, sex determination, neurogenesis, and pattern formation. In the absence of Zld, many target genes failed to be activated, while others, particularly the patterning genes, exhibited delayed transcriptional activation, some of which also showed weak and/or sporadic expression. These effects disrupted the normal sequence of patterning-gene interactions and resulted in highly altered spatial expression patterns, demonstrating the significance of a timing mechanism in early development. In addition, we observed prevalent overlap between Zld-bound regions and genomic “hotspot” regions, which are bound by many developmental transcription factors, especially the patterning factors. This, along with the finding that the most over-represented motif in hotspots, CAGGTA, is the Zld binding site, implicates Zld in promoting hotspot formation. We propose that Zld promotes timely and robust transcriptional activation of early-gene networks so that developmental events are coordinated and cell fates are established properly in the cellular blastoderm embryo.
Carcinogenesis by a single dose of N‐methyl‐N‐formylhydrazine

Single sc injections of N‐methyl‐N‐formylhydrazine were given to randomly bred Swiss mice. The females received 180 μg per gram of body weight, while two groups of males were treated with either 120 or 100 μg per gram of body weight. The treatment resulted in induction of tumors of lungs with an incidence of 40% in the females. In males treated with the higher and lower doses, the incidences of preputial gland tumors were 12 and 12%, respectively. Histopathologically, the tumors were classified as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of lungs, squamous cell papillomas, and carcinomas of preputial glands. N‐Methyl‐N‐formylhydrazine is a constituent of the edible wild false morel mushroom Gyromitra esculenta, to which the human population is exposed in measurable quantities, sometimes at a single meal.
Estimation of Invertebrate Production from Patterns of Fish Predation in Western Lake Superior

Abstract We used bioenergetic models for lake herring Coregonus artedi, bloater Coregonus hoyi, and rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax to estimate consumption of zooplankton,Mysis, and Diporeia in western Lake Superior for selected years between 1978 and 1995. Total invertebrate biomass consumed yearly ranged from 2.5 to 38 g/m2 with nearly 40% consumed between August and October in all years. Copepod zooplankton represented the largest proportion of biomass collectively consumed by the three species (81%), although rainbow smelt consumed almost twice as much Mysis as zooplankton. Growth efficiency was highest for rainbow smelt (3.84–16.64%) and lower for the coregonids (1.91–12.26%). In the absence of quantitative secondary production values, we suggest our estimates of predatory demand provide a conservative range of the minimum invertebrate production in western Lake Superior during the past 20 years.
Quasi-Instantaneous Generation of Reference Signals for Hybrid Compensator Control

Power variation of a customer load can disturb other loads in distribution systems and compensators for such loads are sometimes needed. Voltages and currents in systems with such loads can be asymmetrical, nonperiodic, distorted and even unpredictable. Consequently, reference signals for the compensator control have to be generated in a situation where the power properties of the load are not well specified. Voltages and currents in systems with time-varying loads, although nonperiodic, can be treated as quantities with a disturbed periodicity. These are referred to as semi-periodic quantities. Under such an assumption, the current physical components (CPC) power theory can by used for estimation of the power properties of such loads. In such a case, the CPC power theory provides fundamentals for a quasi-instantaneous generation of reference signals for the compensator control, based both on the frequency-and on the time-domain approach. The paper presents fundamentals of generation of reference signals for unbalanced loads with semi-periodic voltages and currents.
Religion and preventative health care utilization among the elderly.

Evidence supporting a relationship between religion and physical health has increased substantially in the recent past. One possible explanation for this relationship that has not received much attention in the literature is that health care utilization may differ by religious involvement or religious denomination. A nationally representative sample of older adults was used to estimate the effects of religious salience and denomination on six different types of preventative health care (i.e. flu shots, cholesterol screening, breast self-exams, mammograms, pap smears, and prostrate screening). Findings show that both men and women who report high levels of religiosity are more likely to use preventative services. Denominational differences show that affiliated individuals, especially those who are Jewish, are significantly more likely to use each type of preventative care than non-affiliated individuals. The results of this study open the door to further exploration of this potentially important, but relatively neglected, link between religion and health.
Improving principal component analysis (PCA) in automotive body assembly using artificial neural networks

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been widely applied to identify the sources of dimensional variation in automotive body assembly; however, current PCA methods based on a covariance matrix are not appropriate for dealing with high-dimensional data, noisy data, and missing data. Due to its adaptive nature and fast computational capability, an artificial neural network has been considered as a new alternative to overcome the statistical analysis problems. In this paper, an artificial neural network using a nonlinear transfer function will be introduced to overcome current data analysis problems in an auto assembly process. A case study is used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach.
Prosodic disturbance and neurologic lesion

Abstract Although associations between prosodic disturbances and neurologic lesion have been mentioned in the clinical literature, little progress has been made in the acoustic description of the abnormal prosodic patterns that typify neurologic dysfunctions. This report is a preliminary acoustic description of the prosodic disturbances associated with ataxic dysarthria, apraxia of speech, parkinsonian dysarthria, and right-hemisphere dysarthria. Several types of prosodic disturbance are identified and speculations are offered concerning their relation to site of lesion. In general, the patterns of prosodic disturbance described acoustically in this report confirm and elaborate G. H. Monrad-Krohn's ( Problems of dynamic neurology . Jerusalem: Hebrew Univ. Press, 1963) observations.
Superoxide dismutase and neurofilament transgenic models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurologic disease characterized by progressive motor dysfunction that leads to paralysis and eventually death. There are numerous hypotheses for the pathogenesis of this disease, but the mechanisms of degeneration were difficult to investigate before the development of animal models. Transgenic mice with alterations in either the superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) or neurofilament genes display motor neuron pathology and deficits in motor function and, therefore, provide animal models for the study of ALS neurodegeneration. Using these animal models, as well as several in vitro models, researchers have made rapid progress during the last several years toward understanding the cause and mechanism of ALS neurodegeneration. These studies have demonstrated that motor neuron degeneration in ALS may be secondary to a number of causes, including neurofilament disruption, mutations in SOD-1, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Although each of these mechanisms can cause motor neuron degeneration by itself, studies of transgenic mice have indicated several points at which these mechanisms may interact, suggesting that they are components of one general mechanism of neurodegeneration.
Synthesis, characterization and mutagenicity of 2-nitroso-6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline

The compound 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline (Scheme 2, (ii] reacts with nitrous acid at ambient temperature and pH approximately 3.0 to give, in high yield the expected 2-nitroso-6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline (Scheme 2, (iii)). An unequivocal chemical structure of this nitroso derivative was established by high resolution mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectrometry. Unlike many N-nitroso compounds, (iii) crystallizes in a single rotational isomer which spontaneously forms, in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, an equilibrium mixture of the two E/Z isomeric forms with a t1/2 approximately 53 h. The compound is mutagenic to Salmonella tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1538, TA1535, and TA1537 but only in the presence of induced rat liver microsomes. The highest mutagenic activity of approximately 10 net revertants/nM was obtained with TA100 at a dose of 10 micrograms/plate. The compound (ii) is a close structural analog to the tetrahydroisoquinolines formed by endogenous condensation/cyclization reactions that can occur, between acetaldehyde and dopamine or norepinephrine, when alcohol is consumed.
Formal coherence production in children's discourse

Interactional management is one domain which is receiving attention in the communicative competence literature (Wiemann 1977). A basic management skill is the collaborative production of coherent discourse. This paper describes the acquisition of coherence production skills by preschool children. The focus is largely upon formal coherence pro duction, the repetition of lexical or structural constituents from previous utterances.
Series of 4D adult XCAT phantoms for imaging research and dosimetry

Computerized phantoms are finding an increasingly important role in medical imaging research. With the ability to simulate various imaging conditions, they offer a practical means with which to quantitatively evaluate and improve imaging devices and techniques. This is especially true in CT due to the high radiation levels involved with it. Despite their utility, due to the time required to develop them, only a handful of computational models currently exist of varying detail. Most phantoms available are limited to 3D and not capable of modeling patient motion. We have previously developed a technique to rapidly create highly detailed 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantoms based on patient CT data [1]. In this study, we utilize this technique to generate 58 new adult XCAT phantoms to be added to our growing library of virtual patients available for imaging research. These computerized patients provide a valuable tool for investigating imaging devices and the effects of anatomy and motion in imaging. They also provide the essential tools to investigate patient-specific dose estimation and optimization for adults undergoing CT procedures.
Rotational atherectomy multicenter registry: acute results, complications and 6-month angiographic follow-up in 709 patients.

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe data collected for an industry-sponsored multicenter registry of rotational atherectomy. Background. Several new devices are in use or under development for coronary atherectomy. The clinical role for each is in part defined by descriptive registry data. Methods. We describe results in 709 consecutive patients undergoing 743 procedures representing 874 lesions. The majority of lesions were in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Lesion morphology was described as eccentric (61.1%), calcified (32%), tortuous (26.6%) and long (24.9%), with previous intervention in 32.7%. Results. Overall procedural success rate, including lesions treated with rotational atherectomy alone and with balloon angioplasty was 94.7% and did not vary between lesion type, location, characteristics or severity. Previously treated lesions had a significantly higher success rate (97.4%, p = 0.04) than new lesions. Major complications, including death 0.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3% to 1.7%), Q wave myocardial infarction 0.9% (95% CI 0.4% to 1.9%) and emergent coronary artery bypass surgery 1.7% (95% CI 0.9% to 3.0%), were similar to other reported devices and were associated with length and number of lesions treated. Non-Q wave myocardial infarction occurred in 3.8% of patients and was significantly associated with female gender and history of previous myocardial infarction. Abrupt occlusion occurred in 3.1% of patients and was significantly associated with bifurcated lesions and the use of adjunctive therapy. Angiographic evidence of dissection was seen in 10.5% (95% CI 8.3% to 12.7%) of patients and was significantly associated with more complex lesions, such as eccentric, long, calcified and American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association type C lesions. Overall restenosis rate was 37.7%, determined with 6-month angiography, representing 64% of treated lesions. Higher restenosis rates were associated only with poorer initial treatment outcome, diabetes and lower follow-up angiographic rate per reporting center. Conclusions. Rotational atherectomy appears to be a safe method of treatment with a high success rate in a broad spectrum of lesion types, with restenosis rates similar to other techniques. Further conclusions will require randomized trials.
Viruses occurring in Plantago species in England

SUMMARY Eight viruses were detected in a survey of Plantago species in England during 1977–80. Two of these were identified as previously described viruses (ribgrass mosaic virus and plantain virus A), while six are believed to be newly recorded (plantain virus X and plantain viruses 4–8). These are tentatively classified as a potexvirus, a caulimovirus, a potyvirus, a carlavirus, and two isometric viruses with properties similar to the tobacco necrosis virus group and the tombusviruses, respectively. The large number of virus types known to infect Plantago species indicates that these plants have a broad raoge of susceptibihty to plant viruses, and may act as reservoirs of viruses able to infect crops, although none of the viruses detected in the present survey is known to be of importance in British agriculture.
Evoked amygdala responses to negative faces revealed by adaptive MEG beamformers.

Abstract Adaptive beamformer analyses of magnetoencephalograms (MEG) have shown promise as a method for functional imaging of cortical processes. Although recent evidence is encouraging, it is unclear whether these methods can both localize and reconstruct the time course of activity in subcortical structures such as the amygdala. Fourteen healthy participants (7 women) performed a perceptual matching task of negative emotional faces (angry and fearful) and geometric shapes that was designed for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies to maximize amygdala activation. Neuromagnetic data were collected with a 275-channel whole-head magnetometer, and event-related adaptive beamformer analyses were conducted to estimate broadband evoked responses to faces and shapes across the whole brain in 7 mm steps. Group analyses revealed greater left amygdala activity to faces over shapes, both when face-matching and shape-matching trials were presented in separate blocks and when they were randomly intermixed. This finding was replicated in a second experiment with 7 new participants (3 women). Virtual sensor time series showed clear evoked responses in the left amygdala and left fusiform gyrus in both runs and experiments. We conclude that amygdala activity can be resolved from MEGs with adaptive beamformers with temporal resolution superior to other neuroimaging modalities. This demonstration should encourage the use of MEG for elucidating functional networks mediating fear-related neural phenomena that likely unfold rapidly in time across cortical and subcortical structures.
Point defect Supersaturation and Enhanced Diffusion in SPE Regrown Silicon.

Transient, greatly enhanced diffusion has been observed on annealing solid-phase-epitaxial (SPE) grown Si-Sb alloys. This is shown to be due to a high concentration of interstitials being trapped during SPE regrowth. The migration enthalpy, for diffusion of Sb by an interstitialcy mechanism was measured as 1.8 ± 0.2 eV. The interstitials eventually condensed into loops, marking the end of the transient. In a SPE grown Si-Bi alloy a similar transient enhanced diffusion was observed, with an activation energy of 2.0 ± 0.2 eV, but no loops formed.
Limit cycle oscillations in CW laser-driven NEMS

Limit cycle, or self-oscillations, can occur in a variety of NEMS devices illuminated within an interference field. As the device moves within the field, the quantity of light absorbed and hence the resulting thermal stresses changes, resulting in a feedback loop that can lead to limit cycle oscillations. Examples of devices that exhibit such behavior are discussed as are experimental results demonstrating the onset of limit cycle oscillations as continuous wave (CW) laser power is increased. A model describing the motion and heating of the devices is derived and analyzed. Conditions for the onset of limit cycle oscillations are computed as are conditions for these oscillations to be either hysteretic or nonhysteretic. An example simulation of a particular device is discussed and compared with experimental results.
Discriminant analysis neural networks

An artificial neural network and a supervised self-organizing learning algorithm for multivariate linear discriminant analysis are proposed. The precision of the neural computation is shown to be high enough for feature selection and projection purposes. A nonlinear discriminant analysis network (supervised nonlinear projection method) based on the multilayer feedforward network is also suggested. A comparative study of the principal component analysis network, linear discriminant analysis network, and nonlinear discriminant analysis network based on three criteria on various data sets is provided. A significance advantage of these neural networks over conventional approaches is their plasticity, which allows the networks to adapt themselves to new input data. >
THE POLITICS OF GENDER IN FAMILY THERAPY

This article provides an overview of the political implications of various approaches to gender within the clinical literature. It emphasizes the process of the rapy within the social context of gender relations and identifies the politcal consequences of various clinical responses. Issues surrounding the appropriate role and stance of therapists relative to gender are identified, ethical issues such as neutrality and client welfare are re-examined, and suggestions for practice are addressed.