cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sterilization affects soil organic matter chemistry and bioaccumulation of spiked p,p′-DDE and anthracene by earthworms

Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil sterilization on the bioavailability of spiked p,p'-DDE and anthracene to the earthworms Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris. Physical and chemical changes to soil organic matter (SOM) induced by sterilization were also studied. Uptake of both compounds added after soil was autoclaved or gamma irradiated increased for E. fetida. Sterilization had no effect on bioaccumulation of p,p'-DDE by L. terrestris, and anthracene uptake increased only in gamma-irradiated soils. Analyses by FT-IR and DSC indicate sterilization alters SOM chemistry and may reduce pollutant sorption. Chemical changes to SOM were tentatively linked to changes in bioaccumulation, although the effects were compound and species specific. Artifacts produced by sterilization could lead to inaccurate risk assessments of contaminated sites if assumptions derived from studies carried out in sterilized soil are used. Ultimately, knowledge of SOM chemistry could aid predictions of bioaccumulation of organic pollutants.
Partnering for Innovation: Interviews with OCLC and Kuali OLE

OCLC's Web-scale management services (WMS) and Kuali Open Library Environment (OLE) are two new options within the integrated library system (ILS) marketplace. These systems or services represent a change from traditional ILS offerings with a focus on flexibility, electronic resource management, and interoperability across third-party systems. OCLC's Web-scale management services will provide back-office support within a networked environment. Kuali OLE is a community source project that will replace vended ILS solutions for partner institutions. Andrew Pace from OCLC, Robert McDonald from Indiana University, and Michael Winkler from the University of Pennsylvania provide detailed profiles for both OCLC's Web-scale management services and Kuali OLE.
Comparison of a layered slab and an atlas head model for Monte Carlo fitting of time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy data of the adult head.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) estimations of the adult brain baseline optical properties based on a homogeneous model of the head are known to introduce significant contamination from extracerebral layers. More complex models have been proposed and occasionally applied to in vivo data, but their performances have never been characterized on realistic head structures. Here we implement a flexible fitting routine of time-domain NIRS data using graphics processing unit based Monte Carlo simulations. We compare the results for two different geometries: a two-layer slab with variable thickness of the first layer and a template atlas head registered to the subject’s head surface. We characterize the performance of the Monte Carlo approaches for fitting the optical properties from simulated time-resolved data of the adult head. We show that both geometries provide better results than the commonly used homogeneous model, and we quantify the improvement in terms of accuracy, linearity, and cross-talk from extracerebral layers.
Effects of three prepubertal body growth rates on performance of holstein heifers during first lactation

The effects of body weight (BW) gain, different sources of protein during the prepubertal period (90 to 320 kg of BW), and the performance of Holstein heifers during their first lactation were studied. Heifers (n = 273) were assigned to one of three dietary energy treatments that were designed to achieve average daily gains of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kg/d. Within each energy treatment, different protein sources (plant protein and urea or both plant and animal proteins) were imposed. Actual average daily gains by heifers on each energy treatment were 0.68, 0.83, and 0.94 kg/d for heifers that were fed diets formulated for average daily gains of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kg/d, respectively, which allowed the following ages at first calving: 24.5, 22.0, and 21.3 mo. Breeding was initiated when heifers weighed approximately 340 kg. Protein sources did not affect average daily gain or milk yield. Analysis of the preplanned comparisons of actual 305-d and 4% fat-corrected milk yields indicated that yield was significantly reduced for heifers grown at 0.94 kg/d (9387 and 8558 kg, respectively) compared with that of heifers grown at 0.68 kg/d (9873 and 9008 kg, respectively). However, further regression analysis of fat-corrected milk and residual milk from a test day model on prepubertal BW gain only explained 8 and 2% of the variation in milk yield, respectively. Postcalving BW and body condition score were different among treatments. Posttreatment factors, such as postcalving BW, accounted for more of the variation in milk yield than did prepubertal BW gain. Prepubertal BW gains, when evaluated on a continuum from 0.5 to 1.1 kg/d, explained little of the variation in milk yield; therefore, BW gain during the prepubertal period did not significantly affect milk yield during first lactation.
Management and delivery of multimedia traffic

We propose a scheme for the establishment of multimedia delivery channels in WAN environments that support the timing and reliability requirements of multimedia applications while allowing for better utilization of the network bandwidth. These virtual, end-to-end channels from source to destination consist of multiple segments that (a) have a resource reservation scheme that is able to issue guarantees of timeliness and reliability; (b) consider data processing and transformation requirements at specific, intermediate sites; (c) support traffic splitting to cope with limited bandwidth and reduce contention; and (d) offer alternative paths for fault tolerance and reliability.
Characterization of Starch from Maize Endosperm Mutants

Some maize endosperm mutants have branched-chain starch components with long exterior chains which make the blue-value procedure for estimating amylose content questionable. Gel filtration was used to estimate starch composition of normal, high-amylose, waxy and other maize endosperm mutants. Loosely-branched polymers appeared responsible for the apparent amylose content. In some mutants high and intermediate loosely branched polysaccharides were found in addition to amylose. The sweet corn background of some endosperm genotypes influenced the types of polymers produced compared to the dent backgrounds used by previous researchers.
Experimentally registering position sensors

Finding the sensor-to-tool frame is essential when a sensor is mounted on the dexterous end of a robot for application in either feedback control or kinematic calibration. Many researchers have provided closed-form solutions to the sensor-to-tool frame identification for applications in feedback control. The solutions provided in the literature however, apply only to sensors capable of providing complete pose (three positions and three orientations) of the measured object and to robots capable of providing complete pose of its end frame. Many sensors, however, are capable of providing only position, information. In addition, some robots, like telerobots and other velocity-commanded devices, do not provide tool pose information. This paper provides closed-form solutions for three applications: (1) when a position only sensor is mounted on a robot that provides full tool pose information, (2) when a full pose sensor is used on a robot which can neither provide tool pose information, nor move precise amounts, and (3) when a position only sensor is used on a robot without tool pose information.
Curcumin inhibits the side population (SP) phenotype of the rat C6 glioma cell line: Towards targeting of cancer stem cells with phytochemicals

The phytochemical curcumin, from the Indian spice turmeric, has many biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. We have examined the effects of curcumin on the rat C6 glioma cell line. Treated and control cells were analyzed by Hoechst 33342 dye and flow cytometry. We observed a decrease in the side population (SP) of C6 cells after daily curcumin treatment of the C6 cells. Direct incubation of curcumin to C6 cells during the Hoechst assay also decreased SP. Since SP has been associated with stem cell populations, curcumin may be a dietary phytochemical with potential to target cancer stem cells.
Feeding enriched omega-3 fatty acid beef to rats increases omega-3 fatty acid content of heart and liver membranes and decreases serum vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and cholesterol levels

Abstract Dietary intake of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids prevents the development of heart disease. In this study, we evaluated whether feeding beef from cattle fed an omega-3 fatty acid–enriched diet to rats had health benefits. Cattle raised on a 10% flaxseed diet have high amounts of α -linolenic acid in their muscle tissue when compared to cattle fed a control diet of corn. Twenty, weanling, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of two diets (n = 10 in each group), one diet containing fat from beef of cattle fed 10% flaxseed and the other beef from cattle fed a conventional corn ration. The diets contained 10% fat from the cooked beef using a modification of the American Institute of Nutrition diet formulated in 1976 diet for a 5-week period. There was a statistically significant increase in the amount of membrane docosahexaenoic acid in the livers of the rats on the diet of beef from cattle fed flaxseed and a statistically significant increase in the amount of membrane arachidonic acid in the hearts of the controls. There were also strong, positive trends for the increases in the amounts of membrane docosahexaenoic acid in the hearts and membrane linoleic acid in the livers of the rats on the diet of beef from cattle fed flaxseed when compared with controls. Serum cholesterol and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels were decreased in rats fed the beef from cattle fed flaxseed. These findings suggest that agriculture practice of feeding a high omega-3 fatty acid diet to cattle can produce positive health benefits to the consumer.
Multiple isotope effects on enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY 377 THEORY .. .. . ... . . . . ...... . . 378 Definitions 378 Isotope Effects and Enzyme Kinetics 379 Quantitative Relationships 380 The Multiple Isotope Effect Method 381 Numerical Solutions 382 The Rule of the Geometric Mean 382 ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN IRREVERSIBLE REACTIONS . . ...... . . . . . . . . . 383 Single-Step Reactions 383 Stepwise Mechanisms with Both Isotope-Sensitive Steps the Same 386 Stepwise Mechanisms with Deuterium-Sensitive Step First .... ... . 387 Stepwise Mechanisms with the l3C-Sensitive Step First 391 Stepwise Mechanisms with Two Isotope-Sensitive Steps 391 REVERSIBLE REACTIONS . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . 392 APPLICATIONS USING SOL VENT ISOTOPE EFFECTS . . . . . . .. . . ... .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 394 Theory 395 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS . 398 Precision and Uncertainty 399 Reversibility " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..... . . .. . . . 399 Theoretical Limitations 400
A comparison of Acroneuria lycorias (Plecoptera) production and growth in northern Michigan hard- and soft-water streams

SUMMARY 1. Density, biomass, production and growth of a predaceous stonefly, Acroneuria lycorias, were compared between fourth-order hard- and soft-water streams in Michigan's upper peninsula, U.S.A. 2. Mean densities, estimated from Hess samples, were higher (100 ± 17 individuals m−2) at the hard-water site than at the soft-water site (40 ± 9 ind. m−2). Mean dry weight biomass was 4.9 times greater at the hard-water site. 3. Mean annual production, calculated using the size frequency method, was 5.0 times greater at the hard-water site (2.18 ± 0.44 g dry weight m−2yr−1) than at the soft-water site (0.43 ± 0.02g dry weight m−2yr−1). Annual production/mean biomass ratios were similar between sites. 4. Monthly growth rates of naturally occurring nymphs of paired cohorts were similar in both streams. Individual growth rates were similar for nymphs reared in artificial streams at high and low water hardnesses with unlimited food and space. 5. Stonefly production and growth rates were influenced more by indirect physical, biological, or habitat factors than by streamwater cation concentrations.
Cytokinin Reversal of Abscisic Acid Inhibition of Growth and α‐Amylase Synthesis in Barley Seed

The effect of cytokinin, kinetin, on abscisic acid (dormin) inhibition of α-amylase synthesis and growth in intact barley seed was investigated. Abscisic acid at 5 × 10−5M nearly completely inhibited growth response and α-amylase synthesis in barley seed. Kinetin reversed to a large extent abscisic acid inhibition of α-aniylase synthesis and coleoptile growth. The response curves of α-amylase synthesis and coleoptile growth in presence of a fixed amount of abscisic acid (6 × l0−6M) and increasing concentrations of kinetin (from 5 × l0−7M to 5 × 10−5 M) showed remarkable similarity. Kinetin and abscisic acid caused synergistic inhibition of root growth. Gibberellic acid was far less effective than kinetin in reversing abscisic acid inhibition of α-amylase synthesis and coleoptile growth. A combination of kinetin and gibberellic acid caused nearly complete reversal of abscisic acid inhibition of α-amylase synthesis but not the abscisic acid inhibition of growth. The results suggest that factors controlling α-amylase synthesis may not have a dominant role in all growth responses of the seed. Kinetin possibly acts by removing the abscisic acid inhibition of enzyme specific sites thereby allowing gibberellic acid to function to produce α-amylase.
Open access series of imaging studies: Longitudinal mri data in nondemented and demented older adults

The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies is a series of neuroimaging data sets that are publicly available for study and analysis. The present MRI data set consists of a longitudinal collection of 150 subjects aged 60 to 96 years all acquired on the same scanner using identical sequences. Each subject was scanned on two or more visits, separated by at least 1 year for a total of 373 imaging sessions. Subjects were characterized using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) as either nondemented or with very mild to mild Alzheimer's disease. Seventy-two of the subjects were characterized as nondemented throughout the study. Sixty-four of the included subjects were characterized as demented at the time of their initial visits and remained so for subsequent scans, including 51 individuals with CDR 0.5 similar level of impairment to individuals elsewhere considered to have "mild cognitive impairment." Another 14 subjects were characterized as nondemented at the time of their initial visit (CDR 0) and were subsequently characterized as demented at a later visit (CDR > 0). The subjects were all right-handed and include both men (n = 62) and women (n = 88). For each scanning session, three or four individual T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained. Multiple within-session acquisitions provide extremely high contrast to noise, making the data amenable to a wide range of analytic approaches including automated computational analysis. Automated calculation of whole-brain volume is presented to demonstrate use of the data for measuring differences associated with normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.
The Effects of Performance Feedback and Social Reinforcement on Up-Selling at Fast-Food Restaurants

Abstract The present study sought to evaluate the effects of feedback and positive social reinforcement on the performance of restaurant drive-thru window order-takers in asking customers to “upsize” their order at a specific prompt. A multiple baseline across settings was followed by the introduction of an intervention of weekly performance feedback and social reinforcement delivered by restaurant managers. At the first restaurant, asking to “upsize” increased from a mean of 65% to 96%. At the second restaurant, asking to “upsize” increased from a mean of 81% to 93%. Implications of performance feedback for increasing employee performance and the financial profits of an organization are discussed.
Activation and depalmitoylation of Gsα

[3H]palmitate attached to mutationally activated alpha s (alpha s-R201C) turns over rapidly, compared with palmitate linked to normal alpha s (t1/2 approximately 2 min versus 90 min); although alpha s-R201C (unlike normal alpha s) is predominantly found in the cytosol, [3H]palmitate is linked only to the membrane-bound pool of alpha s, normal or mutant. Similarly, activation of wild-type alpha s by isoproterenol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist that also induces membrane-to-cytosol translocation of alpha s, dramatically accelerates depalmitoylation of alpha s. Thus, activation-induced removal of palmitate provides an explanation for activation-induced shifts of alpha s to the cytosol. Regulated palmitoylation cycles provide a potential general mechanism for controlling reversible changes in the cellular location and activity of a protein.
"Concomitant" or "sequential" eradication of Helicobacter pylori: which regimen comes first?

“Sequential” or “concomitant” non-bismuth quadruple regimens are currently recommended by the recent updated (Maastricht IV) European guidelines as alternative to bismuth based quadruple regimen first line therapies, in areas with a high rate (over 20%) of clarithromycin resistance [1]. Besides this, there is no trial comparing both regimens in settings with increasing rates of clarithromycin resistance [2]. In a recent prospective, randomized, multicenter, clinical trial, conducted in Spain, McNicholl et al aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of these therapies for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication [3]. They included a large number of patients (n=338) with non-investigated/functional dyspepsia (80%) or peptic ulcer disease (20%), naive to eradication therapy. Mean age was 47 years, 60% were women and 20% smokers. They were randomly assigned to sequential treatment; omeprazole (20 mg/12 h) and amoxycilline (1 g/12 h) for 5 days, followed by 5 days of omeprazole (20 mg/12 h), clarithromycin (500 mg/12 h) and metronidazole (500 mg/12 h)[170 patients (50.3%)] or concomitant treatment; same drugs at the same doses taken concomitantly for 10 days [168 patients (49.7%)]. Eradication was confirmed with 13C-urea breath test or histology (depending on the indication), at least 4 weeks after treatment. Treatment related adverse events and adherence to treatment were also carefully evaluated. A total of 302 patients completed the follow up and were tested for H. pylori eradication. The success rate of either regimen was defined as the primary outcome measure and was expressed both by intention-to-treat and per protocol. Secondary outcomes included the rate of treatment-emergent adverse events (AE’s) and patients’ adherence to treatment. Concomitant and sequential eradication rates were respectively, 87% versus 81% by intention-to-treat (P=0.15) and 91% versus 86% (P=0.13%) per protocol. Multivariate analysis showed an odds ratio of 1.5 towards better eradication rate with concomitant regimen of borderline significance (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.8). Respective adherences to treatment were satisfactory and comparable between treatments (83% versus 82%). AE’s were reported by as many as 59% of their patients but were mostly mild (60%), leading to treatment discontinuation in only 12 patients. In conclusion, the concomitant regimen had a non-significant advantage over sequential therapy and was the only one overcoming the 90% cure rate, per protocol. Both therapies were well tolerated and safe.
Application of computational modeling to analyze reactive organotin(IV) species

Computational optimization modeling (COM) is a research method that uses advanced computers and specialized software (e.g., Gaussian) to generate extremely detailed analyses of molecular properties and structures with a goal of depicting models with values for molecular properties that match either (a) selected experimentally determined properties or (b) computationally determined conformers with lowest energies of formation over many properties. Determination and effects of various COM treatments on three series of medium-sized organotin(IV) molecules (a) (C6H4)S(CH2)(Me)(Ph x Cl y Sn) (where x + y = 3), (b) three R2SnCl2 structures, where x + y = 2 and R = methyl or phenyl, and (c) MeSnCl3 and Me3SnCl, where Me = methyl were researched relative to X-ray crystallography and solid-state NMR. Also, a reliable COM was determined for a bimolecular organotin(IV) system to compute the energy reduction due to system formation. In summary, this research determined for organotin(IV) molecules: (a) reliable COMs, (b) validation methods, (c) complexities of creating reliable models, (d) comparative analyses of molecules in a series, (e) a substitution method to control intramolecularity and hypercoordination, and (f) pre-optimization COM treatments and pre-optimization conformation changes that may influence final conformations. Computational modeling to determine organotin(IV) properties and to determine more properties from experimentation data.
A participant's perspective

Presents the history of the microprocessor as told by an active participant. The author looks at the state of the computer industry before 1970, and how this led into the beginning of microprocessors. After discussing the early days of microprocessors, he goes on to look at the industry in the 1980's, the current state of the art, and future trends.
Magnetoactive sponges for dynamic control of microfluidic flow patterns in microphysiological systems

We developed a microfluidic flow-control system capable of dynamically generating various flow patterns on demand. The flow-control system is based on novel magnetoactive sponges embedded in microfluidic flow channels. Applying a non-uniform magnetic field compresses the magnetoactive sponge, significantly reducing porosity and hydraulic conductivity. Tuning the applied magnetic field can dynamically vary the flow rate in the microfluidic channel. Pulsatile and physiological flow patterns with frequency between 1 and 3 Hz, flow rates between 0.5 and 10 μL min−1 and duration over 3 weeks have been achieved. Smooth muscle cells in engineered blood vessels perfused for 7 days aligned perpendicular to the flow direction under pulsatile but not steady flow, similar to the in vivo orientation. Owing to its various advantages over traditional flow-control methods, the new system potentially has important applications in microfluidic-based microphysiological systems to simulate the physiological nature of blood flow.
Neural Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Renal Medulla and Blood Pressure Regulation

We studied the effect of selective inhibition of the neural isoform of nitric oxide synthase in the rat renal medulla in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. Continuous renal medullar interstitial infusion of an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the initiation region of the mRNA for neural nitric oxide synthase increased blood pressure 14 +/- 1 mm Hg in rats maintained on a high sodium intake. Medullary interstitial infusion of saline vehicle or a scrambled oligonucleotide probe failed to alter blood pressure in separate groups of high salt control rats. Renal medullary interstitial infusion of the antisense oligonucleotide significantly decreased the level of neural nitric oxide synthase in the renal medulla by 53 +/- 8% and decreased total renal medullary nitric oxide synthase activity by 28 +/- 8%. No alterations were detected in the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase or beta-actin in the antisense oligonucleotide-infused rats. To confirm the antisense oligonucleotide data, we administered a mechanistically different inhibitor of neural nitric oxide synthase, 7-nitroindazole, to an additional group of rats maintained on a high salt diet. Direct renal medullary interstitial infusion of this selective enzyme inhibitor significantly increased mean arterial pressure (15 +/- 6 mm Hg) and decreased total renal medullary nitric oxide synthase activity by 37 +/- 12% in rats on a high sodium diet. The present experiments demonstrate a role for the neural isoform of nitric oxide synthase in the long-term control of blood pressure in the presence of a high salt diet.
To Proclaim Liberty to the Captives

The description of Wisdom in Sirach has exercised a profound influence on the interpretation of Matt 11.28–30. Many scholars, impressed with the evident parallels between Sir 51.23–7; 6.23–31 and the Matthean logion,1 have regarded the latter as dependent on the former.2 Others, taking a further step, have felt justified in interpreting the logion with reference to a wisdom christology. According to this view, Jesus, represented as Wisdom incarnate,3 offers rest to those burdened by the legal interpretations of the Pharisees4 through his yoke, which stands for his teaching, or, more precisely, for his interpretation of the law.5 This approach to the logion has had its detractors,6 and some scholars have questioned the suitability of positing any connection between Sirach and the logion.7 It is not the purpose of the present discussion to enter into this debate, but rather to draw attention to what might be termed a neglected feature in the discussion of Matt 11.28–30, namely the relation of the logion to certain OT prophetic themes.8
Spatial distributions of small water body types in modified landscapes: lessons from Indiana, USA

Because of their large numbers and biogeochemical activity, small water bodies (SWB), such as ponds and wetlands, can have substantial cumulative effects on hydrologic, biogeochemical and biological processes, yet the spatial distributions of various SWB types are often unknown, especially in modified landscapes. Using updated National Wetland Inventory data, we compare the spatial distribution of SWB types across various ecoregions and land covers within the state of Indiana. Of 203 942 total SWB, 75% contain a permanent water feature and 80% of those SWB are classified as excavated or impounded ponds. Both underlying geology and human modifications influence SWB distributions. Wetlands are most prevalent in the agricultural Drift Plain and are larger with a greater range of sizes than man-made open water features. Small impoundment ponds dominate the southern forested region of the Interior Plateau. Analysis of variance of slopes from power law distributions confirms differences between SWB distributions in the Drift Plain and the Interior Plateau as well as differences between forested wetlands and diked and excavated open waters across ecoregions. SWB densities are lowest in the Corn Belt regions and in agriculture overall. SWB in urban lands tend to have higher median area than natural or agricultural lands and have intermediate densities. This analysis highlights the presence of hydrological modifications in SWB distributions, namely the potential legacy of wetland removal and pond creation practices in the state. Determining these modified distributions and patterns is the first step in understanding cumulative SWB influences on various ecological processes in modified landscapes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What makes a cryptographic protocol secure? the evolution of requirements specification in formal cryptographic protocol analysis

Much attention has been paid to the design of languages for the specification of cryptographic protocols. However, the ability to specify their desired behavior correctly is also important; indeed many perceived protocol flaws arise out of a misunderstanding of the protocol's requirements. In this talk we give a brief survey of the history of requirements specification in formal analysis of cryptographic protocols. We outline the main approaches and describe some of the open issues.
Topology Design of Service Overlay Network with a Generalized Cost Model

Service Overlay Network (SON) was proposed to alleviate the difficulties encountered in providing end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. SON is able to provide QoS guarantees by purchasing bandwidth from individual network domains and building a logical end-to-end data delivery infrastructure on top of the existing Internet. We focus on SON topology design problems under a generalized cost model. Earlier research in this topic considered two distinct cost models - fixed (leased) cost model and variable (usage-based) cost model. However in most applications, the costs of both nodes and links have a fixed component as well as a variable component that often depends on usage. Our generalized cost model takes this fact into account and our topology design algorithm uses this cost model to And the optimal topology. Since the SON topology design problem is NP-complete, we provide approximation algorithm with guaranteed performance bound. We validate the effectiveness of our algorithm through extensive simulation.
Big Data Analytical Technologies and Decision Support in Critical Care

Intensive care units use sophisticated patient monitoring systems that produce massive amounts of physiological streaming data. Critical care physicians manage several hundred of time-critical health-related variables a day in the course of their work, using data from multiple disjoint systems, running in silos. Patient monitoring devices produce hundreds of alarms per day for each patient, with approximately 90 % being insignificant. These have introduced a significant data and decision overload problem. We present state- of-the-art big data analytical approaches that address these problems. We describe how the combination of “at rest” data mining analytics and streaming analytics is transforming critical care by enabling applications that improve clinicians’ situation awareness at the bedside. We describe novel system architectures together with real-world deployments of big data analytical technologies in critical care environments that are helping physicians to be more proactive in delivering timely care.
Intermittent free turbulence

The distribution of the rate of dissipation of free turbulence, as observed in the ocean and the atmosphere, seldom satisfies the homogeneity assumption of the classic Kolmogorov-Obukhov theory. Analogous “intermittency” (with “clustering” of the “active regions”) is also observed for the energy of various “1/ƒ noises,” for the spatial distribution of rare resources such as metals, and elsewhere.
Mesoporous TiO2 modified with carbon quantum dots as a high-performance visible light photocatalyst

Abstract We report a preparation method for visible light responsive Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs) embedded in mesoporous TiO2 materials. The as-prepared mesoporous TiO2 (meso-Ti-450) material is a member of the recently designed University of Connecticut (UCT) mesoporous materials family. The UCT materials were synthesized based on sol-gel chemistry. The nanoparticles are randomly packed in inverse surfactant micelles and mesopores are formed by interconnected intraparticles. To achieve full usage of the visible region of sunlight (>400 nm), CQDs were introduced without destroying the mesopores. The photocatalytic performance of the CQDs/meso-Ti-450 was investigated by the degradation of methylene blue. Due to the up-conversion property and electron withdrawing property of CQDs, the photocatalytic activity of the composite material was largely enhanced under visible light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic activity was achieved by 5% CQDs/meso-Ti-450 in an hour. Compared to commercial P25, which is capable of removing 10% methylene blue (MB) under visible light conditions, the 5% CQDs/meso-Ti-450 can mostly remove MB (98%) under the same conditions. To date, the usage of mesoporous titanium oxide and carbon material composites for dye degradation under visible light has not been reported.
What the aircrew automated escape system and aircrew life support system equipment designers need from the investigating medical officer and pathologist.

A major problem apparent in many safety investigation reports concerning aviation mishaps, and especially in their component Flight Surgeon's Reports (FSRs), is the failure of the investigators to recognize needs beyond those of their immediate organizational structures and chains of command in conducting the investigation, and reporting the resultant facts and findings. If aircrew losses and serious injuries are to be reduced, other needs must also be considered and addressed. These additional needs include those of aircrew automated escape system (AAES) and aircrew life support system (ALSS) acquisition personnel who formulate, design, and test requirements, and AAES and ALSS designers and manufacturers who need to know how well and under what conditions of use their equipment is performing. Each mishap, in a sense, constitutes an extremely costly yet highly realistic test of the AAES and ALSS involved. If properly and thoroughly examined, these mishaps will yield exceptionally valuable insights into AAES and ALSS problems and successes and the reasons underlying system behavioral differences. This paper discusses a number of the AAES and ALSS community's needs which investigating medical officers should consider if the U.S. Navy is to gain from these expensive and often tragic mishaps.
HPR1, a novel yeast gene that prevents intrachromosomal excision recombination, shows carboxy-terminal homology to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TOP1 gene.

Abstract The HPR1 gene has been cloned by complementation of the hyperrecombination phenotype of hpr1-1 strains by using a color assay system. HPR1 is a gene that is in single copy on chromosome IV of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, closely linked to ARO1, and it codes for a putative protein of 752 amino acids (molecular mass, 88 kilodaltons). Computer searches revealed homology (48.8% conserved homology; 24.8% identity) with the S. cerevisiae TOP1 gene in an alpha-helical stretch of 129 amino acids near the carboxy-terminal region of both proteins. The ethyl methanesulfonate-induced hpr1-1 mutation is a single-base change that produces a stop codon at amino acid 559 coding for a protein that lacks the carboxy-terminal TOP1 homologous region. Haploid strains carrying deletions of the HPR1 gene show a slightly reduced mitotic growth rate and extremely high rates of intrachromosomal excision recombination (frequency, 10 to 15%) but have a undetectable effect on rDNA recombination. Double-null mutants hpr1 top1 grow very poorly. We conclude that Hpr1 is a novel eucaryotic protein, mutation of which causes an increase in mitotic intrachromosomal excision recombination, and that it may be functionally related to an activity of the topoisomerase I protein.
Large-Scale Variability and Organization of Turbulent Fully-Developed Fluid Interfaces

A new approach is proposed to examine the large-scale variability and organization of fully-developed turbulent fluid interfaces. The approach is based on recognizing the difference between the average behavior of the instantaneous interfaces and the behavior of the averaged interfaces. The latter corresponds to the mean-flow behavior and contains no information on the instantaneous organization of the interfaces, whereas the former does. In fully-developed turbulent flows with organized behavior, this dierence can be expected to be nonzero and to provide a way to quantify the degree of organization of fluid interfaces, both in an average and in an instantaneous sense. We demonstrate this approach on measurements of fluid interfaces in fully-developed turbulent jets. The average behavior of instantaneous scalar interfaces is found to be distinct from the behavior corresponding to the averaged scalar interfaces. It is argued and shown that this reflects primarily the variability in the large-scale organization of the interfaces. The present approach is quite general and can be expected to be also applicable to other types of fluid interfaces, e.g. density interfaces, vorticity interfaces, etc., in other fully-developed turbulent flows. This approach also suggests a means useful for evaluating the performance of flow-control techniques for turbulence regularization.
Automated documentation

The problem of developing and maintaining adequate documentation for computerized user applications is certainly not being addressed properly at most installations. Documentation is needed at the module, program, and system levels, at the user levels, and at the operations level.
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome 77 Cases of Neonatal

Objective:Through the meconium aspiration syndrome,MAS etiology,diagnosis and treatment methods were discussed.Methods:The paediatric hospital in August 2002 to July 2008 to live among the 77 cases MAS clinical data reviewed.Results:77 cases of children with MAS cured 48 cases(62.3%),improved discharged 21 patients(27.3%),killed eight cases,the mortality rate 10.39 percent.Conclusions:MAS high mortality rate,severe MAS significantly higher mortality rate,strengthen newborn Branch,obstetrics and operating room,early treatment can reduce the time of their positive mortality.
Research on Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density With Aging of Beijing Female College Students

Purpose: Through measuring the bone mineral density and body compositions of female college students,the change characteristics of bone mineral density and body compositions with aging were observed,and influence factors of bone mineral density were analyzed.The study will provide certain theory help for sports and fitness of female college students.Methods: 218 female college students of 19-25 years old were divided into six groups according to age.The DEXA was be used to measure the body compositions and bone mineral density of whole body,lumbar spine,right femur and right femoral neck.Conclusions: The bone mineral density of lumbar spine,right femur,right femoral neck and whole body increased with aging and had a positive correlation with age,and reached the summit in 25 years old,and the body composition had no significant changes with aging.The lean mass and weight may be the main factors influencing the bone density of female college students;and the increasing of lean mass and muscle strength can increase bone mass and improve bone health.
On Agile Development Mode of Globalization Team

Agile software development is a conceptual framework of the soft project. It can help the developing team quickly respond to changes in demand and can effectively control the costs and the risks. It is a kind of human- centered,iterative and incremental development method. Scrum is a widely used iterative incremental process in agile development methods of software development. Under the background of globalization,there are a lot of global development teams,and they are continuously exploring globalizing agile development mode. In the last part,the paper gives an example about agile development mode of HP,which can help us better understand agile development.
Seroepidemiology of hepatitis D (Delta Agent) and hepatitis B among Virginia State prisoners

Abstract A serosurvey of hepatitis D (HDV) and hepatitis B (HBV) was conducted in an asymptomatic population of newly incarcerated prison inmates in Virginia. Of 459 men entering the prison, 445 provided both sera and demographic and personal information. Six (1.3%) had antibody to HDV (anti-HDV). Evidence of past infection with HBV was found in 146 (32.8%); 9 (2.0%) were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). HBV seropositivity correlated with intravenous drug abuse, nonwhite race, and tattoos acquired in prison. Sera obtained after an interval of seven to ten months revealed seroconversion to anti-HDV in one of two HBsAg-positive men who admitted to parenteral drug use while incarcerated. Because he had been incarcerated elsewhere for more than one year before entering this prison, it is concluded that HDV transmission occurred in prison. The association of HDV infection with progression to chronic active and fulminant hepatitis suggests that serologic surveillance of HBsAg-positive inmates may be indicated for identification of possible HDV index cases.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are severe bacterial infections of the soft tissues, characterized by necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle. They are rapidly progressive and often fatal; as such, prompt recognition and early initiation of therapy – namely, aggressive surgical debridement – are crucial steps for improving survival. NSTIs progress from deep infections to necrosis by microvascular thromboses caused by the bacteria and the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. The tenuous blood supply of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia predisposes to the spread of infection. Additionally, some organisms like Clostridium perfringens produce toxins that cause necrosis of well-perfused tissues.
Quantitation of Sulfamethazine in Pork Tissue by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Our earlier method to detect and quantitate sulfamethazine (SMZ) in milk at the 10 ppb level was modified to quantitate SMZ in pork tissue. Sulfabromomethazine (SBZ) is added to the tissue as an internal standard. SMZ and SBZ are extracted from the tissue into water as the supernatant of a centrifuged, aqueous homogenate and are cleaned up and concentrated by a series of solid-phase extractions. The sulfonamide-containing eluate is then separated on a silica gel thin-layer chromatographic plate. SBZ and SMZ are derivatized with fluorescamine, and their fluorescence is quantitated with a scanning densitometer. The limit of detection was estimated at 0.25 ppb (signal-to-noise ratio, 3:1). The average accuracy over the analysis range (0.54-21.8 ppb [micrograms/kg]) was 95.6% (standard deviation = 29.4%, n = 54).
Electronic Charge-Induced Damage

To the extent that the degradation and failure effects are the consequence of matter transport, this time of electrons and holes, we may view this chapter as a companion to the previous one. Whereas metal–metal, metal–semiconductor, and electron–metal interactions were largely the focus of Chapter 5, here our interest is primarily in insulators and the corresponding electron (hole)–electron or electron–atom interactions. The physical laws that govern the motion of neutral atoms and electronic carriers differ, and the damage wreaked by their motion also differs markedly. Insulators, and to a lesser extent semiconductors, rather than conductors, are the primary victims of electric field-induced accumulation and transport of electronic charge. The failure mechanism depends on how the charge was generated and where it ultimately resides or is dissipated. This process of generation, transport, accumulation, and discharge can be quite brutal, to say nothing of how destructive. Nonsemiconductor electrical components, such as transformer oil and high-voltage ceramic and polymer insulation, are also susceptible to electron charging and discharging damage.
Minimum Cost Matching for Autonomous Carsharing

Abstract Carsharing programs provide an alternative to private vehicle ownership. Combining car-sharing programs with autonomous vehicles would improve user access to vehicles thereby removing one of the main challenges to widescale adoption of these programs. While the ability to easily move cars to meet demand would be significant for carsharing programs, if implemented incorrectly it could lead to worse system performance. In this paper, we seek to improve the performance of a fleet of shared autonomous vehicles through improved matching of vehicles to passengers requesting rides. We consider carsharing with autonomous vehicles as an assignment problem and examine four different methods for matching cars to users in a dynamic setting. We show how applying a recent algorithm (Scalable Collision-avoiding Role Assignment with Minimal-makespan or SCRAM) for minimizing the maximal edge in a perfect matching can result in a more efficient, reliable, and fair carsharing system. Our results highlight some of the problems with greedy or decentralized approaches. Introducing a centralized system creates the possibility for users to strategically mis-report their locations and improve their expected wait time so we provide a proof demonstrating that cancellation fees can be applied to eliminate the incentive to mis-report location.
Electron Scattering with Polarized 3He Targets

The recent development of polarized 3He targets for use in electron scattering experiments has opened up a wide range of possibilities for new experiments. A variety of fundamental issues in both nucleon structure and the nuclear structure of 3He will be addressed in these experiments. Some recent preliminary measurements as well as several new proposals will be discussed.
Statics and dynamics of Giacobini‐Zinner magnetic tail

The data gathered by the International Cometary Explorer during its traversal of Comet Giacobini-Zinner's tail are subjected to stress balance requirements, yielding estimates of unmeasured quantities. It is noted that the comet's tail is embedded in an ionosheath whose static pressure is nearly equal to the solar wind stagnation pressure, leading to a large lobe field strength. A systematic variation is found in the ion temperature across the tail, implying the variation of the pickup velocity of new ions. Axial stress balance yields an expression for the strength of the lobe field which reveals weak variation with axial distance.
Predicting Thermal Behavior of Secondary Organic Aerosols.

Volume concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are measured in 139 steady-state, single precursor hydrocarbon oxidation experiments after passing through a temperature controlled inlet. The response to change in temperature is well predicted through a feedforward Artificial Neural Network. The most parsimonious model, as indicated by Akaike’s Information Criterion, Corrected (AIC,C), utilizes 11 input variables, a single hidden layer of 4 tanh activation function nodes, and a single linear output function. This model predicts thermal behavior of single precursor aerosols to less than ±5%, which is within the measurement uncertainty, while limiting the problem of overfitting. Prediction of thermal behavior of SOA can be achieved by a concise number of descriptors of the precursor hydrocarbon including the number of internal and external double bonds, number of methyl- and ethyl- functional groups, molecular weight, and number of ring structures, in addition to the volume of SOA formed, and an ind...
Resident Response to Patient Suicide

This paper describes the responses of psychiatry trainees to the suicide of a patient, either their own or a colleague’s, and how these responses may be influenced by the institutional and peer group dynamics. In many ways, residents’ reactions resemble those of seasoned clinicians. However, significant differences were noted which related to the formative nature of their professional identities and their sense of being evaluated by peers and supervisors. Substantive responses to the suicide were noted in the other trainees. Program recommendations are made which may decrease the traumatogenic potential of a suicide and foster personal and professional growth.