cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibration Absorbers for a Class of Self-Excited Mechanical Systems

An averaging methodology is employed in studying dynamics of a two degree of freedom nonlinear oscillator. The main system is modeled as a van der Pol oscillator under harmonic forcing. The objective is to reduce its amplitude of oscillation near resonance, by attaching to it a damped vibration absorber with a Duffing spring
A Hierarchy of Cell Intrinsic and Target-Derived Homeostatic Signaling

Homeostatic control of neural function can be mediated by the regulation of ion channel expression, neurotransmitter receptor abundance, or modulation of presynaptic release. These processes can be implemented through cell autonomous or intercellular signaling. It remains unknown whether different forms of homeostatic regulation can be coordinated to achieve constant neural function. One way to approach this question is to confront a simple neural system with conflicting perturbations and determine whether the outcome reflects a coordinated, homeostatic response. Here, we demonstrate that two A-type potassium channel genes, shal and shaker, are reciprocally, transcriptionally coupled to maintain A-type channel expression. We then demonstrate that this homeostatic control of A-type channel expression prevents target-dependent, homeostatic modulation of synaptic transmission. Thus, we uncover a homeostatic mechanism that reciprocally regulates A-type potassium channels, and we define a hierarchical relationship between cell-intrinsic control of ion channel expression and target-derived homeostatic control of synaptic transmission.
Hepatocyte growth factor decreases sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and stimulates cell adhesion, invasion, and migration.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor (SF), plays an important role in cell:cell adhesion, cell proliferation, motility, and invasiveness of epithelial cells and tumor cells. In this study, we examined the effects of HGF on these types of biological activities and chemosensitivity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by stable transfection of the HGF gene. HGF-transfected clones produced very high titers of HGF protein, whereas control vector-transfected clones did not produce detectable HGF protein. HGF-transfected clones showed modestly increased proliferation rates and became more resistant to cell death and apoptosis caused by two anticancer drugs, adriamycin (ADR) and camptothecin (CPT), compared to controlvector-transfected clones. Furthermore, HGF-transfected clones also exhibited increased activities of cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. The current study is the first demonstration that overexpression of the HGF gene affects chemosensitivity and cell metastasis behaviors, suggesting that HGF signaling pathway is a promising new target of therapeutic intervention of tumors.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of hexameric capsule formation.

Resorcinarene 1b forms a hexameric assembly in water-saturated CDCl3 that encapsulates one tetraalkylammonium salt (2+Br-). The remaining space is occupied by coencapsulated solvent molecules. A maximum of three and minimum of one CHCl3 molecule were found inside of capsules with tetrapropyl- and tetraheptylammonium bromide, respectively. The encapsulation of the salt is endothermic and entropically favored by the liberation of the solvent molecules. The stabilities of the encapsulation complexes and the rates of guest exchange decrease for larger cations. The higher activation barriers for in/out exchange of the larger guests suggest tight conformational restraints in the transition state. It is likely that complete dissociation of one resorcinarene molecule is necessary for the exchange of the alkylammonium salts.
Event-Based Measurement Updating Kalman Filter in Network Control Systems

An event based measurement updating method is introduced for discrete Kalman filters to estimate the state feedback of Lebesgue sampled data systems. It is proposed that the conventional prediction and the measurement updating stages of discrete Kalman filters are not processed at the same rate. The prediction can be constant but the measurement rate is varied based on Lebesgue sampling. The measurement update portion is executed when an event takes place. The stability of discrete Kalman filters is investigated when the Lebesgue threshold is increased.
Elucidating Through-Plane Liquid Water Profile in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

In this paper, a numerical model incorporating micro-porous layers (MPLs) is presented for simulating water transport within the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and MPLs as well as across their interfaces in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. One-dimensional analysis is conducted to investigate the impacts of MPL and GDL properties on the liquid-water profile across the anode GDL-MPL and cathode MPL-GDL regions. Furthermore, two-dimensional numerical simulations that take MPLs into account are also carried out to elucidate liquid water transport, particularly through-plane liquid-water profile in a PEM fuel cell. Results from case studies are presented.
Utilization review: P.S.R.O. and the oral surgeon.

Abstract The P.S.R.O. program is being implemented to improve the quality of care through effective peer review. Effective peer review requires that the oral surgeon must not only detect problems, but analyze causes and develop, implement, and evaluate corrective programs. To actively participate in development of P.S.R.O. criteria for admission , the Department of Oral Surgery at the University of Tennessee Memorial Hospital, Knoxville, conducted a retrospective survey of oral surgery admissions. Utilization review of the oral surgery admissions was conducted to determine the average length of stay and the utilization of the operating room and the ambulatory surgery clinic for patients admitted to the hospital.
Graceful Degradation of Air Traffic Operations: Airspace Sensitivity to Degraded Surveillance Systems

The introduction of new technologies and concepts of operation in the air transportation system is not possible unless they can be proven not to adversely affect the system operation under not only nominal but also degraded conditions. In extreme scenarios, degraded operations due to partial or complete technological failures should never endanger system safety. Many past system evolutions, whether ground-based or airborne, have been based on trial and error, and system safety was addressed only after a specific event yielded dramatic or near-dramatic consequences. Future system evolutions, however, must leverage available computation, prior knowledge, and abstract reasoning to anticipate all possible system degradations and prove that such degradations are graceful and safe. This paper is concerned with the graceful degradation of high-density structured arrival traffic against partial or complete surveillance failures. It is shown that for equal performance requirements, some traffic configurations might be easier to handle than others, thereby offering a quantitative perspective on these traffic configurations' ability to ldquogracefully degrade.rdquo To support our work, we also introduce a new conflict resolution algorithm aimed at solving conflicts involving many aircraft when aircraft position information is in the process of degrading.
The skinny on obesity and plasma cell myeloma: a review of the literature

Despite tremendous advances in treatments for myeloma in the past decade, the disease remains incurable in the majority of patients. Here, we review recent data demonstrating an association between obesity and increased risk of myeloma development. This may be due to the pro-inflammatory cytokine profile caused by obesity. Currently, there are no screening or prevention strategies for myeloma, but we propose that obesity-associated inflammatory pathways, or obesity itself, may be amenable to intervention, thereby preventing the transition from pre-malignancy to myeloma. In addition, we suggest that the morbidity, mortality and the significant costs associated with myeloma treatment could be reduced by addressing modifiable risk factors, and that research efforts should explore this novel hypothesis.
Crossing contours in the interacting boson approximation (IBA) symmetry triangle

Constant contours of basic observables are discussed in the context of the interacting boson approximation (IBA) symmetry triangle. Contours that exhibit orthogonal crossing within the triangle are presented as a method for determining a set of parameter values for a particular nucleus and trajectories for isotopic chains. A set of contours that highlights a class of nuclei that are outside the two-parameter IBA-1 Hamitonian space is also presented.
A Novel and Versatile Approach for Preparation of Single-Vesicle Arrays

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are attractive model membranes, commonly used to study membrane processes such as membrane fusion and protein-lipid interactions. Arrays of GUVs are, therefore, ideal platforms for high-throughput screening of such processes. Here, we present a simple approach to form arrays of GUVs with or without membrane-proteins. This approach combines hydrogel-based microcontact printing with the commonly-used electroformation technique to generate arrays of GUVs with controllable size and composition. First, micro-patterned agarose stamps deliver aqueous solutions of small liposomes/proteoliposomes onto conductive substrates. GUVs are then produced from these patterned deposits using electroformation. By varying the feature size of stamps, we controlled the number of liposomes grown per deposit and ultimately formed single-vesicle arrays with a narrow size distribution (37±1μm diameter). We demonstrated this method's capability to create giant proteoliposome arrays by electroforming vesicles from stamped aquaporin-containing membrane deposits, and acetylcholine receptor-containing cell membrane fragments and confirmed the presence of these proteins by immunofluorescent-assays. We further illustrated the versatility of this approach by forming GUV arrays in physiologically-relevant solutions. To demonstrate this system's applicability for studying protein-lipid interactions, we investigated the interactions of a membrane-associated protein, annexin-V, with phosphatidylserine-containing GUVs.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
A method to estimate local deposition conditions using film profiles in features

Abstract A method to estimate the local partial pressures and temperature during low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) proceses using film profile data is demonstrated using the chemistry of blanket tungsten deposition by the hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride. EVREST, the computer program which performs the estimates, uses EVOLVE, a physically based process simulator for ballistic transport and heterogeneous reactions in features on patterned wafers, to compute film profiles for a given set of deposition conditions. In order to validate the estimation method and to demonstrate EVREST, test calculations are performed using film profiles generated by EVOLVE instead of experimental scanning electron microscopy cross-sections. Calculated films profiles are compared with the generated film profiles (the data) and the simulated deposition conditions are adjusted using an algorithm based on Marquardt's method to minimize the sum of squared differences between points on the calculated and generated profiles. Test calculations confirm that film profiles in more than one feature can be used to improve the reliability of the partial pressure and temperature estimates.
Yeast Methionine Aminopeptidase I ALTERATION OF SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY BY SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS

In eukaryotes, two isozymes (I and II) of methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) catalyze the removal of the initiator methionine if the penultimate residue has a small radius of gyration (glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, proline, valine, and cysteine). Using site-directed mutagenesis, recombinant yeast MetAP I derivatives that are able to cleave N-terminal methionine from substrates that have larger penultimate residues have been expressed. A Met to Ala change at 329 (Met206 in Escherichia coli enzyme) produces an average catalytic efficiency 1.5-fold higher than the native enzyme on normal substrates and cleaves substrates containing penultimate asparagine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and phenylalanine. Interestingly, the native enzyme also has significant activity with the asparagine peptide not previously identified as a substrate. Mutation of Gln356 (Gln233 inE. coli MetAP) to alanine results in a catalytic efficiency about one-third that of native with normal substrates but which can cleave methionine from substrates with penultimate histidine, asparagine, glutamine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Mutation of Ser195 to alanine had no effect on substrate specificity. None of the altered enzymes produced cleaved substrates with a fully charged residue (lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, or glutamic acid) or tyrosine in the penultimate position.
Le concept reproducteur

Ce qui releve de l’epigenetique depend de ce que l’on considere comme genetique. Le weismannisme, qui a domine la biologie au xxe siecle et qui oppose la continuite genetique a la discontinuite somatique, aboutit a une definition de l’epigenetique qui englobe de facon excessive tous les mecanismes de l’heredite non expliquee par le gene (beyond the genes). En fait, une autre vision theorique peut etre proposee, le « concept reproducteur », qui facilite l’analyse des multiples systemes de l’heredite en evitant que toute forme d’heredite non genetique soit obligatoirement taxee d’epigenetique.
Gravity Flow of Granular Materials in Conical Hoppers

An approximate solution to the flow of a cohesionless granular material in a conical hopper is presented. The material is modeled as a perfectly plastic continuum which satisfies the Mohr-Coulomb yield condition. Analytical expressions of the mass flow rate and the wall stress are derived and compared to some experimental data and other analyses.
Ultrasound-Guided Drainage Procedures for the Intensivist

Ultrasound-guided procedures in the ICU have increased due to critical-care providers’ interest and expertise, the portability of newer ultrasound machines, and the availability of user-friendly percutaneous catheter kits. In addition, with the increasing demands for proper documentation – both for patient safety and financial reimbursement – ultrasound has emerged as an ideal imaging modality for several reasons. First, ultrasound is a portable imaging modality; with the advent of compact, hand-held machines, ultrasound is user-friendly and readily available, especially when caring for critically ill and injured patients. Second, ultrasound provides safe and painless imaging that may be readily utilized in pediatric and pregnant patients. Third, ultrasound imaging is easily repeatable; for example, residents, fellows, and nonphysician health-care providers (physician assistants and advanced practice nurses) within an academic environment can image, record, and submit copies for operator critique. The same idea holds true for a physician practicing in the private sector. Given our commitment to life-long learning in medicine, educational alliances with identified, local ultrasound experts may prove to be extremely rewarding.
Calls for Multiple Indices Incorporating Multiculturalism in Content Analysis

This reaction evaluates three content analyses that investigated separate aspects of research articles published in major counseling psychology journals: (a) institutional research productivity, (b) use of structural equation modeling, and (c) use of theory-driven research. The evaluation focuses on the adequacy of indices used in the content analyses and implications as well as cautions in interpreting the findings. Recommendations are provided with an emphasis on multiculturalism and diversity, the core values of the field of counseling psychology.
Computational geological approaches for assessing the diversity and ecological distribution of fossils

Recent papers have focused attention on a ∼62–million–year cycle in marine animal diversity over the Phanerozoic (the most recent 542 million years), leading some to propose extragalactic causes. These studies were based on the same or similar queries of Phanerozoic biodiversity from J. John Sepkoski’s Compendium. Here we show, using two collections extracted from the larger and more extensively annotated Paleobiology Database, that the ∼62 Myr cycle in marine biodiversity is present but only weakly significant in each collection and is almost entirely the result of oscillations in the diversity of gastropods, bivalves, and articulate brachiopods (GBA). A ∼62 Myr cycle also appears in the diversity of genera from nearshore marine environments but not from genera from offshore environments. Another previously recognized ∼140 Myr cyclicity is persistent in most phylogenetic classes. We also find that the growth in marine diversity during the most recent 100 million years in the Paleobiology Database is no more than one-half that of the Sepkoski Compendium. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to: Bjorn Brooks (email: bjorn@climatemodeling.org).
A planning and problem-solving preschool model: The methodology of being a good learner

Abstract Preschoolers in a model preschool designed to develop planning and problem-solving abilities were compared to children in three comparison preschools in terms of measures assessing these abilities. They were also compared on measures on cognitive ability unrelated to the intervention, including a measure of general cognitive functioning (the K-ABC), vocabulary IQ (the PPVT-R), and Piagetian developmental level (the Number Conservation Task). All children attended private, suburban, middle-class preschool programs. A significant difference was obtained between the children in the model preschool and those in the comparison preschools in terms of both planning and problem-solving abilities. No differences were found on the cognitive abilities unrelated to the intervention. Although the use of a quasi-experimental design requires caution in interpreting these findings, they suggest that for middle-class children, classroom interventions which stress planning and problem-solving activities may have specific effects on related cognitive abilities.
Constellations of Maternal and Paternal Parenting Styles in Adolescence: Congruity and Well-Being

ABSTRACT The current study examined patterns of maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescence and the variations in adolescent well-being as a function of parenting style combinations. Participants included 272 students in grades 9 and 11 from a public high school in a large city in the northeastern United States. Participants completed measures of perceived maternal and paternal parenting styles and indices of psychological well-being. Distinct patterns of maternal and paternal style constellations were established. The most common constellation found was the combination of a neglectful mother and a neglectful father. Participants with either both parents authoritative or only mother authoritative reported higher well-being than participants with no authoritative parent. Participants with no permissive parent or with a permissive mother scored lower on self-esteem than participants with only a permissive father. Finally, participants with either parent neglectful or both parents neglectful scored...
Defect production, degradation, and breakdown of silicon dioxide films

Abstract The degradation of silicon dioxide films will be traced from the fundamentals of electron heating in the oxide conduction band to the interaction of these hot carriers with the oxide lattice (via bandgap ionization), impurities in the oxide layer (via hydrogen cracking), and the anode material (via hole injection). The existing knowledge of the defects produced directly or indirectly by each energy loss mechanism will be reviewed. The net sum of all such sites will be shown to build-up continuously until destructive breakdown occurs when a critical density is reached for any voltage bias over 5 V.
Healthcare Use Among California Farmworkers: Predisposing and Enabling Factors

Farmworkers are at risk for developing occupation-related health conditions, yet healthcare use is limited. National Agricultural Workers Survey data were used to test a modification of the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations on use of healthcare in the past two years and type of healthcare used. Barriers to care were examined to determine associations with use and type of use. The farmworkers (N = 2,291) were primarily foreign-born Latino/Hispanic married males who reported limited ability to read and speak English. Healthcare use in the past two years was more likely among females, those with more than six years of education, who earned an annual income of more than $15,000 annually, were authorized, non-migrant, insured, and who reported living in the US for more than two years. Healthcare system barriers were most prominent. This study provides important targets for policy and health promotion initiatives to reduce health disparities in this marginalized community.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockade With Candesartan Attenuates Atherosclerosis, Plaque Disruption, and Macrophage Accumulation Within the Plaque in a Rabbit Model

Background— Little is known about whether direct angiotensin receptor blockade can reduce atherosclerosis and plaque disruption. This study evaluated the effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on both the development of atherosclerosis and the disruption of plaque in a modified Constantinides animal model. Methods and Results— Twenty-eight New Zealand White rabbits underwent aortic balloon injury followed by a 1% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Thirteen rabbits received candesartan at 0.5 mg · kg−1 · d−1 beginning 2 days before aortic balloon injury and continued for the total 8 weeks of the cholesterol diet. The rabbits were then pharmacologically triggered and humanely killed, and their aortas were analyzed. The degree of atherosclerosis was determined by intima-media ratio of the infrarenal portion of the aorta. The frequency of intra-aortic thrombosis, a measure of plaque disruption, and the percentages of macrophage area and collagen-staining area of the plaque were determined. Candesartan-treated rab...
Second Chances: A Comparison of Civic Engagement in Offender Reentry Programs

Mass incarceration has led to a host of problems for reentering offenders and the communities to which they return. The federal government has provided funds to states to address the problems associated with returning offenders. In Vermont, corrections partnered with local community justice centers to develop offender reentry programs. These took various forms but focused on support and services for offenders while enforcing accountability and community safety. This article analyzes three reentry program models and outlines their designs’ ability to enact Bazemore and Stinchcomb’s (2004) notion of a ‘‘civic engagement model of reentry.’’ The vexing challenges of mobilizing communities to foster reintegration for returning offenders are discussed.
Hispanics' Self‐Esteem, Acculturation, and Skepticism of Women's Work1

This study investigated the relationships among Hispanics’ self-esteem, acculturation, and skepticism of women’s employment. Using a sample of Hispanic students, mediated regression analysis was initiated to determine whether acculturation mediated a proposed negative relationship between self-esteem and traditional gender attitudes. The results indicated that self-esteem and acculturation were positively related; self-esteem and employment skepticism were negatively related; and self-esteem was unrelated to employment skepticism in the presence of acculturation, which supported full mediation. Organizations should consider using a combination of diversity training, employee assistance programs, career counseling, and job-enrichment policies to facilitate Hispanics’ self-esteem and acculturation, and these efforts might lead ultimately to greater acceptance of women’s
A spatial climatology of North Atlantic hurricane intensity change

A spatial analysis of intensity change has yet to be considered in hurricane climatology. Here we use a unique hourly interpolated version of the Atlantic hurricane dataset together with a novel spatial tessellation of the basin to examine the climatology of hurricane intensity change. We find that the frequency of hurricanes is highest across the central part of the basin, but regions of highest intensity are located farther south across the Caribbean. Standard errors of the mean intensities are largest in the regions adjacent to land. Highest mean intensification rates are found in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, and the mean intensification is getting larger in the southeast portion of the basin. We find greater spatial coherency in intensification rates over the period from 1986 to 2011 compared with the period from 1967 to 1985. The reason for this change is unknown but it is likely due to improved surveillance technology. We also find that the statistical relationship between intensity and intensification is getting stronger and tighter and note that this might be associated with the implementation of the Dvorak Technique.
Probability quantization for multiplication-free binary arithmetic coding

We describe an efficient probability quantization scheme for binary arithmetic code implementation. We show that this scheme is simple to implement and has better compression efficiency than some existing schemes.
Demystifying Accreditation: Action Plans for a National or Regional Accreditation.

As part of educational reform, many institutions of higher education are undergoing accreditation processes. Based on interviews, observations, and the author's experiences in accreditation reviews, this discussion delineates three stages of planning for an accreditation process. Recommendations are organized by each stage of preparation into long- and short-term action plans with specific tasks. Analyzing the process of accreditation across institutions and programs led to the identification of common elements that can make planning an accreditation effective and efficient. This article maps the roles and responsibilities of accreditation stakeholders and the need for communication and collaboration throughout the process.
On-line nonparametric estimation

A survey of some recent results on nonparametric on-line estimation is presented. The first result deals with an on-line estimation for a smooth signal S(t) in the classic ‘signal plus Gaussian white noise’ model. Then an analogous on-line estimator for the regression estimation problem with equidistant design is described and justified. Finally some preliminary results related to the on-line estimation for the diffusion observed process are described.
Moral trespass in Georgian London: gaming,gender, and electoral politics in the age of George III

In the late eighteenth century, the British electorate began thinkinig about politics and statecraft in a new way. Britons challenged the natural rights of the nation's aristocracy to rule, anid actively linked the personal behaviour of individual noblemen and women to real or imagined public consequences. Aristocratic gaminzg provided Britons with a rich vocabulary for voicing such concerns. The noble gamester, perceived as erratic, self-interested, and without honour, personfied those aspects of private aristocratic vice most likely to undermine national well-being. The 1784 J4estminster election specifies two aspects of this controversy. The political unworthiness of notorious gamester Ciharles James Fox (a front-runner in the election) was linked early on to his personal financial mismanagement, which intimated, in the public mind, his potential abuse ofpublicfunds. Fo.xfurther contaminated his suitability for public office by allowing the fifth duchess of Devonshire, herself a gamestress, to canvass for him. Her presence in Westminster niot only dramnatized Fox's gamester persona, but efeeminized it. Pittite propaganda stressed Fox's culpability on both counts, and emphasized a new concern with private virtue as fundamental to the moral prerogative to rule.
Improving surgical care in low- and middle-income countries: a pivotal role for the World Health Organization.

In response to increasing evidence that surgical conditions are an important global public health problem, and data suggesting that essential surgical services can be delivered in a cost-effective manner in low- and middle-income countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) has expanded its interest in surgical care. In 2004, WHO established a Clinical Procedures Unit within the Department of Essential Health Technologies. This unit has developed the Emergency and Essential Surgical Project (EESC), which includes a basic surgical training program based on the “Integrated Management of Emergency and Essential Surgical Care” Toolkit and the textbook “Surgery at the District Hospital.” To promote the importance of emergency and essential surgical care, a Global Initiative for Emergency and Essential Care was launched in 2005. In what maybe the most important development, surgical care is included in WHO’s new comprehensive primary health care plan. Given these rapid developments, surgical care at WHO may be approaching a critical “tipping point.” Lobbying for a World Health Assembly resolution on emergency and essential surgical care, and developing “structured collaborations” between WHO and various stakeholders are potential ways to ensure that the global surgery agenda continues to move forward.
LDI tree: a hierarchical representation for image-based rendering

Using multiple reference images in 3D image warping has been a challenging problem. Recently, the Layered Depth Image (LDI) was proposed by Shade et al. to merge multiple reference images under a single center of projection, while maintaining the simplicity of warping a single reference image. However it does not consider the issue of sampling rate. We present the LDI tree, which combines a hierarchical space partitioning scheme with the concept of the LDI. It preserves the sampling rates of the reference images by adaptively selecting an LDI in the LDI tree for each pixel. While rendering from the LDI tree, we only have to traverse the LDI tree to the levels that are comparable to the sampling rate of the output image. We also present a progressive refinement feature and a “gap filling” algorithm implemented by pre-filtering the LDI tree. We show that the amount of memory required has the same order of growth as the 2D reference images. This also bounds the complexity of rendering time to be less than directly rendering from all reference images. CR Categories: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation Viewing Algorithms; I.3.6 [Computer Graphics] Methodology and Techniques Graphics data structures and data types; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism. Additional
A Post War Program for American Agriculture

AMERICAN agriculture has been exploitative of fertility over AtV virtually its entire history. The program for the future must be in simplest terms a reversing of that process so that fertility is rebuilt. If in the past, therefore, farmers have been engaged in minimizing fertility such a new program may by contrast be called one of maximizing fertility. Actually the program would be complex in both design and ends though chiefly it would consist in restoring to the lands to be retained permanently in farming the fertility elements that have been so unwisely removed in the past. Chiefly, there will be required great supplies of lime, phosphate, potash and nitrogen together with smaller amounts of other fertilizer elements. However, in some locations it is not fertility so much as some other aspect of land productivity that has deteriorated. Over the great grazing ranges of the intermontane regions, for instance, fertility is often still not a limiting factor. In areas where erosion has been and is severe the restoration of fertility must be preceded or accompanied by terracing, contouring and other erosion control measures. In still other areas it is chiefly some condition of internal soil structure that must be ameliorated so that the land must be kept in sod for long periods and tillage restricted to relatively short intervals. Soils are, furthermore, by no means alike in their capacity to store up the elements of fertility for later exploitation and the program must be adapted to that fact. Likewise, there must be adaptation of the program in relation to the main crops to be produced in particular areas. The maximum fertility for one kind of crop or rotation is not the same as that which would give maximum results in yields and reserves for other crops and rotations. In the South particularly, attempts to build up the nitrogen content of the soil are sure to be of small avail though lime, phosphates and potash may be better retained. The program for Dixie must, therefore, be one of building up reserves of these latter three and creating supplementary stock-pile reserves of nitrogenous
The Study of Seam Line Defects in Silicon-On-Oxide by Merged Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth

Selective Epitaxial Growth of silicon through windows in SiO2 using low-temperature SiH2Cl2/H2 chemistry in a hot wall LPCVD system was used to form Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth (ELO) regions of Silicon-on-insulator. In cases where pattern width was less than two times epi film thickness, the ELO regions merged to form a continuous epitaxial film. In this study, 2.5 µm thick single crystal silicon layers were grown perfectly over oxide regions with very low dislocation density(< 104/cm2). The epitaxial Si/oxide interfaces were smooth and defect-free. However, a “seam”-like defect was occasionally observed in the epitaxial film on top of the oxide, at the locations where two growth fronts merged together. This crystallographic defect in some case extends through the whole Silicon-on-Oxide film and would be expected to be detrimental to electronic devices built on or close to it. The sturctures of these seam line defects were investigated in detail by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The formation mechanisms of these seam line defects and possible origins are discussed.
Terahertz spectroscopy and solid-state density functional theory simulations of the improvised explosive oxidizers potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate.

Terahertz spectroscopy provides a noninvasive and nondestructive method for detecting and identifying concealed explosives. In this work, the room-temperature and cryogenic terahertz spectra of two common improvised explosive oxidizers, namely, potassium nitrate (KN) and ammonium nitrate (AN), are presented, along with detailed solid-state density functional theory (DFT) analyses of the crystalline structures and spectral features. At both 294 and 78 K, KN exhibits two terahertz absorption features below 100 cm–1 that have been assigned through DFT simulations to arise from hindered nitrate rotations in the KN-II crystalline polymorph. The terahertz spectrum of AN exhibits a pronounced temperature dependence. The 294 K spectrum is free of any absorptions, whereas the 78 K spectrum consists of several narrow and intense peaks. The origin of this large difference is the polymorphic transition that occurs during cooling of AN, where room-temperature AN-IV is converted to AN-V at 255 K. The 78 K terahertz spe...
HEART FAILURE, ATRIAL STANDSTILL, AND NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA DUE TO EMERY-DREIFFUS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a rare form of dystrophy associated with contractures, muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, and cardiac conduction defects. Due to both the rarity of EDMD and its variable phenotypic manifestations, there are few reported examples in the literature. An
A lightweight modular solar array for Ultra-Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) missions

Global Aerospace Corporation is developing a lightweight, modular solar array (StratArrayTM S/A) for NASA's Ultra Long Duration Balloon (ULDB) missions. The NASA objectives include developing a low-cost, integrated power system capable of supporting operations above 100,000 feet for durations as long as 100 days. The ULDB solar array must provide up to 2 kW for missions from polar to equatorial latitudes. Global Aerospace Corporation has developed an innovative design that is lightweight and meets the requirements with low mass and cost. The specific innovations of this effort were the use of: the Earth's gravity field to reduce the mass of the deployment mechanism modular solar array construction tilt cables to orient the panels toward the sun without array rotation retraction cables to restow the array to protect it against impact forces during balloon termination and payload landing. An integral part of the design is the ability to track the sun without the need for gimbals or slip rings. The use of a modular approach allows selection of the appropriate number of array modules for each mission. The approach also allows the potential for substitution of less expensive array modules (this increases total subsystem mass) if programmatic needs require lower array costs. The ability to restow the array modules allows refurbishment to achieve reduced life cycle costs.
Evaluation on characteristics of black pericarp rice germplasm among traditional varieties in Guizhou

Based on the agronomic characters of rice germplasm among traditional varieties from Guizhou,the characerization of 81 accessions in black pericarp rice was conducted.The results showed that these varieties were widely and mainly distrbuted in the minority areas including Qiannan and Qiandongnan,accunting for about 82.8%.They were rich in genetic diversity,and the variance of quantitative characters was complicated,some of elite germplasm with usefull characters will be helpful to improvement for spacial rice breeding.
Controlled trial of a time-efficient method of health promotion.

Integrating health promotion into daily clinical practice is a challenging undertaking. This project was a prospective trial of a brief physician intervention program, performed as part of routine patient care, that addressed six areas of patients' lifestyle risks (nutrition, exercise, alcohol use, smoking, stress, and seat belt use). The components of the program were lifestyle assessment, physician prescription of lifestyle change, and educational materials. Patients visiting a family practice residency model office for any reason were selected to receive all program components, parts of the program, or no program components. Lifestyle behavior changes over the ensuing four-week period were measured for all groups by a structured phone interview. Patients who received one or more components of the program reported significantly more change at follow-up than those who received no program components (P = .001); the greatest change was seen in the group that received all of the program components. Demographic variables that were significantly related to a higher degree of change were female sex, previous contact with the physician, and being married. In this sample age, income, and education were not related to behavior change. Motivation to change--an expressed desire to work on a given lifestyle area--was a stronger predictor of change than any demographic variable.
Anterior Glenohumeral Instability

Anterior glenohumeral instability is an important cause of shoulder disability in athletes. Recurrent glenohumeral instability can seriously impair the athlete's performance. Since the surgical repair of recurrent instability may result in a loss of flexibility, particularly in the thrower and gymnast, the physician must optimize both joint stability and joint flexibility.
Me & My Wishes Lessons Learned From Prototyping Resident Centered Videos About Care Preferences

Me & My Wishes are facilitated, resident-centered video-recorded conversations to communicate current and end-of-life care preferences. We describe the video production process of two prototypes in the long-term care (LTC) setting and discuss lessons learned around developing this type of intervention. Partnering with an LTC community allowed us to create videos on-site, document staff time, handle any barriers with video production, and evaluate the process. In this article, we will describe the process of two residents creating Me & My Wishes videos. Both residents responded positively to viewing their edited video (about 20 min), saying the videos would be "good for family or staff to hear feelings about preferences." Staff members also responded positively to the videos. We discuss two key issues to consider: the possibility that resident preferences may change and the resources to produce and view videos.
SU-F-J-06: Optimized Patient Inclusion for NaF PET Response-Based Biopsies

Purpose: A method to guide mid-treatment biopsies using quantitative [F-18]NaF PET/CT response is being investigated in a clinical trial. This study aims to develop methodology to identify patients amenable to mid-treatment biopsy based on pre-treatment imaging characteristics. Methods: 35 metastatic prostate cancer patients had NaF PET/CT scans taken prior to the start of treatment and 9–12 weeks into treatment. For mid-treatment biopsy targeting, lesions must be at least 1.5 cm3 and located in a clinically feasible region (lumbar/sacral spine, pelvis, humerus, or femur). Three methods were developed based on number of lesions present prior to treatment: a feasibility-restricted method, a location-restricted method, and an unrestricted method. The feasibility restricted method only utilizes information from lesions meeting biopsy requirements in the pre-treatment scan. The unrestricted method accounts for all lesions present in the pre-treatment scan. For each method, optimized classification cutoffs for candidate patients were determined. Results: 13 of the 35 patients had enough lesions at the mid-treatment for biopsy candidacy. Of 1749 lesions identified in all 35 patients at mid-treatment, only 9.8% were amenable to biopsy. Optimizing the feasibility-restricted method required 4 lesions at pre-treatment meeting volume and region requirements for biopsy, resulting patient identification sensitivity of 0.8 and specificity of 0.7. Of 6 false positive patients, only one patient lacked lesions for biopsy. Restricting for location alone showed poor results (sensitivity 0.2 and specificity 0.3). The optimized unrestricted method required patients have at least 37 lesions in pretreatment scan, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.8 and specificity of 0.8. There were 5 false positives, only one lacked lesions for biopsy. Conclusion: Incorporating the overall pre-treatment number of NaF PET/CT identified lesions provided best prediction for identifying candidate patients for mid-treatment biopsy. This study provides validity for prediction-based inclusion criteria that can be extended to various clinical trial scenarios. Funded by Prostate Cancer Foundation
Cultural Diversity Curriculum Design: An Art Therapist's Perspective.

This article represents the culmination of a long-standing goal of the American Art Therapy Association's (AATA) Multicultural Committee to propose multicultural curriculum guidelines for use by art therapy educators. Challenges faced by art therapy educators endeavoring to meet the AATA Educational requirements are discussed with an emphasis on presenting strategies for cultural competence course development. The guidelines are divided into critical content areas: program philosophy, faculty preparedness, curriculum content, cross-cultural supervision, and multicultural resources. Readers are encouraged to use the guidelines as a point of departure in the design of coursework and when evaluating their own individual multicultural competency.
Glutathione maintenance mitigates age-related susceptibility to redox cycling agents.

Isolated hepatocytes from young (4-6mo) and old (24-26mo) F344 rats were exposed to increasing concentrations of menadione, a vitamin K derivative and redox cycling agent, to determine whether the age-related decline in Nrf2-mediated detoxification defenses resulted in heightened susceptibility to xenobiotic insult. An LC50 for each age group was established, which showed that aging resulted in a nearly 2-fold increase in susceptibility to menadione (LC50 for young: 405μM; LC50 for old: 275μM). Examination of the known Nrf2-regulated pathways associated with menadione detoxification revealed, surprisingly, that NAD(P)H: quinone oxido-reductase 1 (NQO1) protein levels and activity were induced 9-fold and 4-fold with age, respectively (p=0.0019 and p=0.018; N=3), but glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) declined by 70% (p=0.0043; N=3). These results indicate toxicity may stem from vulnerability to lipid peroxidation instead of inadequate reduction of menadione semi-quinone. Lipid peroxidation was 2-fold higher, and GSH declined by a 3-fold greater margin in old versus young rat cells given 300µM menadione (p 2-fold reduction in cell death, suggesting that the age-related increase in menadione susceptibility likely stems from attenuated GSH-dependent defenses. This data identifies cellular targets for intervention in order to limit age-related toxicological insults to menadione and potentially other redox cycling compounds.
The effect of branding on consumer palatability ratings of beef strip loin steaks

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of knowing the brand or USDA grade on consumer palatability ratings of beef strip loin steaks. Strip loins were selected to represent 5 USDA grades and brands, USDA Select, Choice, Prime, Certified Angus Beef (CAB; upper 2/3 Choice), and Select, from carcasses of cattle classified as Angus on the basis of phenotype. After 21 d of aging, 2.5-cm-thick steaks were cut, consecutively cut steaks were paired for consumer evaluation. Consumer panelists ( = 112) evaluated samples for tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking, and overall liking. Additionally, consumers rated each palatability trait as either acceptable or unacceptable. Samples were fed in 2 rounds on the same day: blind and informed testing. In the first round, blind testing, consumers were served 1 sample from each treatment, with no product information provided. In the second round, consumers were informed of the brand or quality grade prior to sampling. During blind testing, CAB rated similar ( > 0.05) to Choice for all palatability traits; however, CAB rated greater ( 0.05) for all traits when tested blind, but Angus Select was rated greater ( 0.05) when brand was disclosed. Brand knowledge increased ( 0.05) in the percentage of Choice and Select samples rated as acceptable for all palatability traits. These data indicate that Prime, CAB, and Angus Select steaks receive an increase in consumer palatability perception, or "brand lift," which does not occur for Choice and Select beef.