cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies of differential gene expression in clinically derived eosinophil populations.

Background Influx of eosinophils into the post-capillary bronchial epithelium and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators is characteristic of the late phase of asthmatic attacks. The genes that serve to predispose the peripheral blood eosinophils of asthmatics to undergo this process are poorly defined. The aim of this report is to describe the differential gene expression of both the known pro-inflammatory genes 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) and novel cDNA sequences in eosinophils derived from clinical samples. Methods Novel cDNA sequences representing genes upregulated in peripheral blood eosinophils of asthmatic as compared with nonasthmatic patients were identified by differential display polymerase chain reaction (DDPCR). The differential expression of these sequences, in addition to known pro-inflammatory genes, were then studied by reverse dot blotting of amplified RNA generated from the eosinophils of nonasthmatic donors, asthmatic donors, asthmatic donors taking steroids, interleukin (IL) -3, IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor- (GM-CSF) treated eosinophils from asthmatic donors and the eosinophilic cell line AML14. Results Four unique DDPCR-generated 3′UTR DNA fragments were identified that showed differing patterns of expression between the eosinophil populations of interest. Expression of each of the novel clones was increased in the peripheral blood eosinophils of asthmatics and downregulated in those donors taking steroids. Expression of 5-lipoxygenase was not found to vary between the different eosinophil populations, whereas FLAP was induced by treatment with the cytokine cocktail in both primary eosinophils and the eosinophilic cell line AML14. Conclusion The differential regulation of the novel cDNA sequences and FLAP in the range of eosinophil populations studied suggest that they may provide clinically relevant therapeutic targets. Moreover, the procedures used in these studies may provide a general approach to the study of differential gene expression in small numbers of cells such as those obtained from clinical samples.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and neutralizing antibody in the control of equine infectious anemia virus.

EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA VIRUS (EIAV) is in the Lentivirus genus and has a similar gene structure to the other lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). However, the disease course caused by EIAV has some features that make it unique among the lentiviruses. The hallmark of the first few months of EIAV infection of horses is episodes of acute clinical disease interspersed with quiescent periods with no detectable signs of infection. Many horses eventually become inapparent carriers, and even though these horses control virus replication, none completely eliminate the virus (14). The episodes of clinical disease, which usually last a few days, are caused by virus replication in macrophages (43,52,63) and endothelial cells (51), and this replication is reflected by cell-free plasma viremia. The viremia is associated with fever, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, and occasional death. Plasma virus titers vary, but can reach as high as 106 TCID50% per mL, but become undetectable by tissue culture titration in the intervening periods between episodes and during the inapparent carrier stage (31). However, viral RNA can be detected in viral particles in the plasma of many horses during both the intervening quiescent periods and the carrier stages (34). While it is likely that some of this viral RNA is in noninfectious particles, it derives from virus-infected cells that are making viral protein and RNA. This demonstrates that, even in the absence of signs of infection, infected horses have viral replication and turnover.
Functional Seating for School-Age Children With Cerebral Palsy: An Evidence-Based Tutorial

Purpose This tutorial is designed to teach speech-language pathologists (SLPs) best practices to support functional seating of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the classroom and in school-based therapy sessions. This tutorial teaches SLPs to (a) recognize the positive effects of seating intervention, (b) identify the characteristics of functional seating that may produce these positive effects, and (c) realize their role in supporting functional seating for school-age children with CP. Method The research reporting positive effects of seating intervention for school-age children with CP is presented according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (World Health Organization, 2001). Recommended guidelines for functional seating for school-age children with CP are gleaned from the research evidence. The specific role of the SLP in providing functional seating for children with CP is then discussed. Conclusion Seating intervention may produce positive body structure and...
The calling ‐ “can i tell you something personal?” 1

(1999). The calling ‐ “can i tell you something personal?”. Angelaki: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 205-217.
Case report: Portal hypertension causing massive enlargement of an accessory spleen — a rare cause of splenic pseudotumour

Ectopic splenic tissue simulating renal, pancreatic, hepatic and even pelvic malignant tumours have been reported previously [1-4]. Autopsy studies have demonstrated that the pathological entities that affect the spleen also affect the accessory spleen [5]. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of an accessory spleen, markedly enlarged by portal hypertension, presenting as a splenic pseudotumour. The patient had a TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) procedure prior to its operative removal and the role of pre-resectional TIPS is also discussed.
Studies on the mechanisms and kinetics of apoptosis induced by microinjection of cytochrome c in rat kidney tubule epithelial cells (NRK-52E).

Recent reports substantiating the role of cytochrome c in the induction of apoptosis led us to examine the kinetics and mechanisms involved in this process as an extension of our ongoing studies of cell injury and cell death. Microinjection of cytochrome c into NRK-52E kidney cells produced rapid apoptosis, which usually began within 30 minutes and reached a maximum of 60–70% by 3 hours. The changes that occurred included four phases: an initial shrinkage phase, an active phase, a spherical phase, and a necrotic phase. For morphological purposes, the progressive changes were followed by phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and time-lapse video microscopy. Cells first showed shrinkage, then displayed multiple pseudopods, which rapidly extended and retracted, giving the cells a bosselated appearance. During this active phase there was chromatin condensation, mitochondria were swollen but retained membrane potential, and the endoplasmic reticulum was dilated. Within 2–4 hours, active-phase cells became spherical and smooth-surfaced but were still alive, the nuclei showed chromatin clumping, the mitochondria underwent high-amplitude swelling but retained membrane potential, the endoplasmic reticulum was highly dilated, and many large apical vacuoles were present. Elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i was seen at the late spherical phase, shortly before cell death. Pretreatment with the caspase 3 inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) prevented apoptosis, whereas overexpression of Bcl-2 did not. Depletion of cellular ATP by cyanide inhibition of energy metabolism prevented cytochrome c from inducing the active and later phases of apoptosis. The results clearly indicate that cytochrome c -induced apoptosis is a dynamic and energy-requiring process that has a distinct active and spherical phase before cell death.
A Comparison of Mitochondria Isolated from Male‐Sterile and Nonserile Cytoplasm Etiolated Corn Seedlings

Toxins from Helminthosporium maydis race T and Phyllosticta maydis have been found to affect the functional processes of corn mitochondria isolated from Texas male-sterile (T) cytoplasm, but not of mitochondria isolated from nonsterile (N) cytoplasm. The effects of chemicals known to induce responses similar to those of the toxin were compared on mitochondria isolated from T and N cytoplasm inbreds (W64A, Zea mays L.). Valinomycin, gramicidin, and decenylsuccinic acid (DSA) each caused more swelling (measured by transmission changes in %) of N mitochondria than of T mitochondira. The stimulation of exogenous NADH oxidation was the same for N and T mitochondria in the valinomycin, DSA, and Ca2+ plus phosphate treatments, was greater for T mitochondria than for N mitochondria in the gramicidin and DNP treatments, and was greater for N mitochondrai than for T mitochondira in the Ca+2 minus phosphate treatment. Sodium azide inhibited NADH oxidation equally for N and T mitochondria. In addition, N and T mitochondria had similar respiration rates for various substrates and equal efficiencies of oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast to the specificity of toxins for T mitochondria, none of the treatment effects were specific for N or T mitochondria. The results indicate that mitochondria isolated from N and T cytoplasm generally respond similarly to various conditions, but that there can be quantitative differences in the response. The extent to which these differences represent cytoplasmically controlled modification of mitochondrial physiology or structure is not known.
The Spatial Variation of the Infrared-to-Radio Ratio in Spiral Galaxies

We have produced two-dimensional maps of the intensity ratio, Q(sub 60), of 60 micron infrared to 20 cm radio continuum emission, for a set of 25 nearby galaxies, mostly spirals. The ratio maps were obtained from infrared images made using IRAS data with the maximum correlation method, and radio images made using VLA data. Before taking the ratio, the radio images were processed so as to have the same resolution properties as the infrared images; the final spatial resolution in all cases is approximately 1 min, corresponding to 1 - 2 kpc for most galaxies. This resolution represents a significant improvement over previous studies. Our new high-resolution maps confirm the slow decrease of Q(sub 60) with increasing radial distance from the nucleus, but show additional structure which is probably associated with separate sites of active star formation in the spiral arms. The maps show Q(sub 60) to be more closely related to infrared surface brightness than to the radial distance r in the galaxy disk. We note also that the Q(sub 60) gradients are absent (or at least reduced) for the edge-on galaxies, a property which can be attributed to the dilution of contrast due to the averaging of the additional structure along the line of sight. The results are all in qualitative agreement with the suggestion that the radio image represents a smeared version of the infrared image, as would be expected on the basis of current models in which the infrared-radio correlation is driven by the formation of massive stars, and the intensity distribution of radio emission is smeared as a result of the propagation of energetic electrons accelerated during the supernova phase.
CORRELATION OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND MMP-1 PRESENCE IN HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE

Regions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity potentially increase the susceptibility of the atherosclerotic lesion to complications associated with plaque rupture. Assessing the risk posed by this mechanism requires investigating the stress-strain environment associated with matrix metalloproteinase production in heterogeneous plaque. To this end, an experimental-computational technique was developed to perform mechanical analysis of physiologically loaded, diseased human aorta in vitro and to investigate relationships between vascular mechanics, histology, and histochemistry. Mechanical data and specimen histology were coupled through a heterogeneous finite element model, and tissue constituent material properties were determined by an optimization method. The cross-sectional distribution of MMP-1 was quantified using immunohistochemical techniques. Results show stresses and strains are strongly influenced by lesion structure and composition, and MMP-1 presence is correlated with histology and lesion mechanics. Interactions between lipid presence, mechanical stimuli, and extracellular matrix metabolism-catabolism likely affect arterial plaque remodeling, progression, and the risk of disruption and clinical symptoms.
Buddhism in the Modern World, edited by David L. McMahan, Routledge: London and New York, 2012, xiv + 329 pp. ISBN 978 0 415 78014 8, US$125.00 (cloth); ISBN 978 0 415 78015 5, US$39.95 (paperback)

Buddhism in the Modern World, edited by David L. McMahan, Routledge: London and New York, 2012, xiv + 329 pp. ISBN 978 0 415 78014 8, US$125.00 (cloth); ISBN 978 0 415 78015 5, US$39.95 (paperback)...
Stark Realities: Examining African American Women with Mental Illness and Balancing Employment in Recovery

The reality of living with mental illnesses is stark and complex. The intersection of gender and race introduces increased risk and less successful employment outcomes for African American women with mental illness. This study sought to explore the nuances of these issues through a qualitative study that combined the use of life story interviews and feminist narrative analysis. One central theme emerged: “Successful employment redefined.” This theme details the intricate nature of how these women redefined successful employment in their lives and how they achieved accommodations that synchronized with the complexity of how they manage both employment and recovery, as a “work-recovery cycle.” Suggestions for innovative employment strategies, including self-imposed accommodations and future investigations into the work-recovery cycle, are provided.
Characterization of an in vitro proliferation response to solubilized Trichinella spiralis antigens: Role of Ia antigens and Ly-1+ T cells

Abstract An antigen extract from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae was prepared and used to immunize strains of mice which were either relatively resistant (B10.S) or susceptible (B10.BR) to oral infection with T. spiralis larvae. Proliferation of cells from the draining lymph nodes was then measured in vitro after stimulation with the T. spiralis extract as well as appropriate control antigens. Primed cells from resistant B10.S mice responded better to challenge than did cells from the susceptible B10.BR strain. Cell-depletion experiments involving B10.S cells indicated that the in vitro cell proliferation response is dependent upon Ly-1 + T cells. The data were also consistent with a requirement for Ly-1 + , -2 + , and -3 + amplifier cells. Administration of anti-I s serum to the cultures specifically inhibited (nearly 75%) the cell proliferation response. The potential applications of this system as a tool in immunogenetic analyses of immunity to T. spiralis are discussed.
Automated CMM path planning for dimensional inspection of dies and molds having complex surfaces

Abstract A hierarchical planning system using heuristics for path planning in dimensional inspection using coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) is presented. The objective is to automate the planning of a collision-free inspection path for dies and molds. The proposed system demonstrates that the inspection paths of geometrically complex parts having multiple surfaces can automatically be generated with efficiency. This is made possible by appropriate CMM abstractions, genuine 3D collision detections, and heuristic modifications of reasonably assumed default inspection paths. Automatic generation of probe angles based on a local accessibility analysis of a given surface is also presented. The collision-free inspection path can then be simulated in a CAD environment before it is carried out by the real CMM. Both simulation and experiment show excellent results of the proposed path planning strategies and demonstrate the feasibility of automatic path planning in dimensional inspection of dies and molds using CMMs.
Early-stage phase separation in liquid-quenched Al-7 at % Zn

The kinetics of GP zone formation in liquid-quenched Al-7 at % Zn was studied with small-angle X-ray scattering. It is found that liquid quenching yields a solid solution in the as-quenched condition which is significantly less clustered than for solid quenching. In addition, the ageing kinetics of the liquid-quenched specimens was observed to be significantly slower than that for solid-quenched specimens. The results indicate that slow ageing in liquid-quenched alloys results from the absence of a high concentration of quenched-in mobile vacancies. It is thus suggested that liquid quenching effectively enables studies of the earliest stages of phase separation in precipitation-hardenable alloys.
The effect of demand uncertainty on a precommitted monopoly price

Under plausible conditions on the shape of a monopolist’s or a monopolistic competitor’s cost function, multiplicative demand uncertainty is shown to raise the firm’s optimal precommitted price. It is argued that this effect can be substantial.
A family of robust DMOS devices for automotive applications

This paper presents different methodologies to optimize devices of smart power technologies for robustness consideration. A split gate concept is used to improve the flatness of Id-Vd curves of the nVDMOS by maintaining the Intrinsic MOS in a stable operating regime. The split gate is also used to increase the BVdss of the pLDMOS. An additional buffer at the end of the drift region of the nLDMOS helps extending the SOA limits due to a controlled positive differential resistor branch.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest and resuscitation

(1997). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 104-106.
Intonational differences between the reduplicative babbling of French- and English-learning infants

The two- and three-syllable reduplicative babbling of five French-learning and five English-learning infants (0;5 to 1;1) was examined in two ways for intonational differences. The first measure was a categorization into one of five categories (RISING, FALLING, RISE-FALL, FALL-RISE, LEVEL) by expert listeners. The second was the fundamental frequency (F0) from the early, middle and late portion of each syllable. Both measures showed significant differences between the two language groups. 65% of the utterances from both groups were classified as either rising of falling. For the French children, these were divided equally into the rising and the falling categories, while 75% of those utterances for the English children were judged to have falling intonation. Proportions of the other three categories were not significantly different by language environment. In both languages, though, three-syllable utterances were more likely to have a complex contour than two-syllable ones. Analysis of the F0 patterns confirmed the perceptual assessment. Several aspects of the target languages help explain these intonational differences in prelinguistic babbling.
Enhancing engineering student communication via a publically available wiki

Undergraduate engineering programs have struggled in recent years to add communication skills to an already crowded curriculum, and many engineering students are reluctant writers. Because these students produce copious and frequent written text through Web 2.0 technologies, capitalizing on this passion in the context is a way to add more writing to the curriculum. This paper discusses the ongoing evolution of a course-based wiki originally intended to promote active learning but which also has had the added benefit of promoting student writing and audience awareness. A discussion topic on the wiki asked students how they envisioned the audience for their postings and whether the audience had any influence on their writing. This paper presents some of the student comments and speculates why some students downplay the role of audience in their writing.
Nichiren and his nationalistic eschatology

A noticeable number of contemporary Japanese intellectuals have associated Nichiren (1222–82) with intolerant nationalism and henceforth have viewed him with an air of aloofness, if not of contempt. For these intellectuals, who have come to denounce nationalism and patriotism as a dangerous ideology that led Japan to the tragedy of World War II, Nichiren's passion for Japan runs counter to their decided preference for a man more cosmopolitan in taste, even a man critical of Japan. It is true that the followers of Nichiren attempted to promote Nichiren as a patriotic Buddhist when ultra-nationalistic fervour was steadily advancing Japan as a formidable power in the world through her victory in the Sino-Japanese War in 1895 and the Russo-Japanese War a decade later. 1 The image of Nichiren presented by his ultra-nationalistic followers in early modern Japan and by contemporary intellectuals continues to obscure Nichiren's own teaching. The present paper probes Nichiren's attitude toward Japan in the context of his messianic view of history, which constitutes one of the most salient features of Nichiren's teaching of seven centuries ago.
Results of adaptive feedforward on GTA

This paper presents the results of the adaptive feedforward system in use on the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA). The adaptive feedforward system was shown to correct repetitive, high-frequency errors in the amplitude and phase of the RF field of the pulsed accelerator. The adaptive feedforward system was designed as an augmentation to the RF field feedback control system and was able to extend the closed-loop bandwidth and disturbance rejection by a factor of ten. Within a second implementation, the adaptive feedforward hardware was implemented in place of the feedback control system and was shown to negate both beam transients and phase droop in the klystron amplifier. >
Information Geometry for Landmark Shape Analysis: Unifying Shape Representation and Deformation

Shape matching plays a prominent role in the comparison of similar structures. We present a unifying framework for shape matching that uses mixture models to couple both the shape representation and deformation. The theoretical foundation is drawn from information geometry wherein information matrices are used to establish intrinsic distances between parametric densities. When a parameterized probability density function is used to represent a landmark-based shape, the modes of deformation are automatically established through the information matrix of the density. We first show that given two shapes parameterized by Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), the well-known Fisher information matrix of the mixture model is also a Riemannian metric (actually, the Fisher-Rao Riemannian metric) and can therefore be used for computing shape geodesics. The Fisher-Rao metric has the advantage of being an intrinsic metric and invariant to reparameterization. The geodesic-computed using this metric-establishes an intrinsic deformation between the shapes, thus unifying both shape representation and deformation. A fundamental drawback of the Fisher-Rao metric is that it is not available in closed form for the GMM. Consequently, shape comparisons are computationally very expensive. To address this, we develop a new Riemannian metric based on generalized \phi-entropy measures. In sharp contrast to the Fisher-Rao metric, the new metric is available in closed form. Geodesic computations using the new metric are considerably more efficient. We validate the performance and discriminative capabilities of these new information geometry-based metrics by pairwise matching of corpus callosum shapes. We also study the deformations of fish shapes that have various topological properties. A comprehensive comparative analysis is also provided using other landmark-based distances, including the Hausdorff distance, the Procrustes metric, landmark-based diffeomorphisms, and the bending energies of the thin-plate (TPS) and Wendland splines.
Adapting Validation Processes to Meet Worldwide Market Demands

Heavy duty diesel engine development has always faced high customer durability requirements, short development timelines and increasingly stringent emissions legislations. However, more frequently heavy duty engines are being used in multiple vehicle platforms across the globe with increasingly stringent quality demands in emerging markets. In order to meet engine life requirements, Delphi Diesel Systems has adapted accepted validation procedures to evaluate their system performance for the global market. In addition to durability and structural testing Delphi Diesel Systems has introduced specialized tests to validate their product at extremes of environmental conditions and fuel properties and has increased OEM collaboration. This paper details some of the adjustments made to the validation test suite to meet the specific challenges of the Heavy Duty market.
Eddy-Current Loss Minimization in Conducting Sleeves of Surface PM Machine Rotors With Fractional-Slot Concentrated Armature Windings by Optimal Axial Segmentation and Copper Cladding

When a nonmagnetic high-strength metallic retaining sleeve offers advantages over a nonmetallic (e.g., carbon fiber) one, it is possible to consider the application of a high-conductivity shield ldquocoatingrdquo on this sleeve to reduce the surface eddy-current losses due to nonsynchronous fields. One can start by using a Maxwell's equation-based analytical model to ldquoscreenrdquo for the optimal shield thickness and then employ a ldquo2.5 Drdquo finite-element method that accounts for periodic fields and finite rotor length, including axial segmentation and/or copper cladding. These are quantified to help design a low-loss rotor sleeve for a surface permanent-magnet machine with fractional-slot concentrated armature winding. With this type of winding, the sleeve losses can be significant due to its rich (read parasitic) asynchronous harmonic armature reaction MMF content.
Templated Crosslinked Imidazolyl Acrylate for Electronic Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives

A low-voltage operable, highly sensitive, and selectively responsive polymer for the detection of nitroaromatic explosives is investigated. Resistive devices are fabricated by simple spin-coating on flexible and transparent substrates in addition to silicon substrates and are stable under ambient temperature and oxygen levels before exposure to the nitroaromatics. After exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), the devices show increased conductance, even with picogram (pg) quantities of TNT, accompanied by a confirming color change from colorless to deep red. The relative conductance increase per unit exposure is the highest yet reported for TNT. Aromatic anion salts, on the other hand, do not induce any electronic responses. 1H NMR and microscopic analyses show chemical interactions and morphological changes correlated with the electronic responses, some of which are specific to TNT in relation to other nitroaromatics. The binding constant for the imidazole rings and TNT is on the order of tens of M−1. The materials are promising for rapid indication of exposure to nitroaromatic compounds.
ARID1a-DNA Interactions Are Required for Promoter Occupancy by SWI/SNF

Every known SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex incorporates an ARID DNA binding domain-containing subunit. Despite being a ubiquitous component of the complex, physiological roles for this domain remain undefined. Here, we show that disruption of ARID1a-DNA binding in mice results in embryonic lethality, with mutant embryos manifesting prominent defects in the heart and extraembryonic vasculature. The DNA binding-defective mutant ARID1a subunit is stably expressed and capable of assembling into a SWI/SNF complex with core catalytic properties, but nucleosome substrate binding and promoter occupancy by ARID1a-containing SWI/SNF complexes (BAF-A) are impaired. Depletion of ARID domain-dependent, BAF-A associations at THROMBOSPONDIN 1 (THBS1) led to the concomitant upregulation of this SWI/SNF target gene. Using a THBS1 promoter-reporter gene, we further show that BAF-A directly regulates THBS1 promoter activity in an ARID domain-dependent manner. Our data not only demonstrate that ARID1a-DNA interactions are physiologically relevant in higher eukaryotes but also indicate that these interactions facilitate SWI/SNF binding to target sites in vivo. These findings support the model wherein cooperative interactions among intrinsic subunit-chromatin interaction domains and sequence-specific transcription factors drive SWI/SNF recruitment.
A cDNA encodes the Drosophila homolog of yeast 60S ribosomal protein YL43.

We describe the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone isolated from Drosophila Kc cells which encodes an amino acid sequence homologous to a 60S ribosomal protein from yeast (YL43) and rat (p23). The DL43 cDNA is 320 nucleotides in length and predicts a protein of 76 amino acids and a calculated molecular mass of 8.9 kiloDaltons. Northern blot analysis demonstrates the presence of the DL43 transcript under both control (25°c) and heat shock (37°c) conditions. The Drosophila protein shares an 86% identity over the first 22 amino acids with the yeast YL43 protein and a 60% identity over the entire length of the partial sequence available for this protein.
Modeling and simulation best practices for wireless ad hoc networks

This paper calls attention to important practices in the modeling and the simulation of wireless ad hoc networks. We present three case studies to highlight the importance of following well-established simulation techniques, of carefully describing experimental study scenarios, and, finally, of understanding assumptions sometimes unstated in the framework of a simulator. The first case addresses the initial transient problem inherent to mobility and traffic generation sub-models. We quantitatively demonstrate how these transients can affect the simulation. Our second case illustrates the fact that strong scientific contributions can only be made via simulation studies when the models used are unambiguously specified. The example we use are simulations with and without a model for the ARP protocol. Finally, our third case discusses the importance of understanding the simulation tool and any default values used for model parameters. The example used relates to the use of the limited interference model.
Fixed node diffusion Monte Carlo using a genetic algorithm: a study of the CO-4HeN complex, N = 1…10

The diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method is a widely used algorithm for computing both ground and excited states of many-particle systems; for states without nodes the algorithm is numerically exact. In the presence of nodes approximations must be introduced, for example, the fixed-node approximation. Recently we have developed a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach which allows the computation of nodal surfaces on-the-fly [Ramilowski and Farrelly, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 12450]. Here GA-DMC is applied to the computation of rovibrational states of CO–4HeN complexes with N ≤ 10. These complexes have been the subject of recent high resolution microwave and millimeter-wave studies which traced the onset of microscopic superfluidity in a doped 4He droplet, one atom at a time, up to N = 10 [Surin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 101, 233401; Raston et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 8260]. The frequencies of the a-type (microwave) series, which correlate with end-over-end rotation in the CO–4He dimer, decrease from N = 1 to 3 and then smoothly increase. This signifies the transition from a molecular complex to a quantum solvated system. The frequencies of the b-type (millimeter-wave) series, which evolves from free rotation of the rigid CO molecule, initially increase from N = 0 to N ∼ 6 before starting to decrease with increasing N. An interesting feature of the b-type series, originally observed in the high resolution infra-red (IR) experiments of Tang and McKellar [J. Chem. Phys., 2003, 119, 754] is that, for N = 7, two lines are observed. The GA-DMC algorithm is found to be in good agreement with experimental results and possibly detects the small (∼0.7 cm−1) splitting in the b-series line at N = 7. Advantages and disadvantages of GA-DMC are discussed.
Variations at a quantitative trait locus (QTL) affect development of behavior in lead-exposed Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract We developed Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study correlated behavioral, neuronal and genetic effects of the neurotoxin lead, known to affect cognitive and behavioral development in children. We showed that, as in vertebrates, lead affects both synaptic development and complex behaviors (courtship, fecundity, locomotor activity) in Drosophila . By assessing differential behavioral responses to developmental lead exposure among recombinant inbred Drosophila lines (RI), derived from parental lines Oregon R and Russian 2b, we have now identified a genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for a behavioral trait affected by lead. Drosophila Activity Monitors (TriKinetics, Waltham, MA), which measure activity by counting the number of times a single fly in a small glass tube walks through an infrared beam aimed at the middle of the tube, were used to measure activity of flies, reared from eggs to 4 days of adult age on either control or lead-contaminated medium, from each of 75 RI lines. We observed a significant statistical association between the effect of lead on Average Daytime Activity (ADA) across lines and one marker locus, 30AB, on chromosome 2; we define this as a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) associated with behavioral effects of developmental lead exposure. When 30AB was from Russian 2b, lead significantly increased locomotor activity, whereas, when 30AB was from Oregon R, lead decreased it. 30AB contains about 125 genes among which are likely “candidate genes” for the observed lead-dependent behavioral changes. Drosophila are thus a useful, underutilized model for studying behavioral, synaptic and genetic changes following chronic exposure to lead or other neurotoxins during development.
Adaptive k-means algorithm with error-weighted deviation measure

The k-means algorithm can be used in multi-module networks to partition the input domain of supervised learning problems. The traditional k-means algorithm partitions the input domain based solely on the distribution of the input vectors. A modified algorithm is presented. It also integrates into its partitioning process information about the mismatch between the network function and the goal function. It uses an efficient adaptive learning rate and an error-weighted squared Euclidean distance measure that aims at equalizing the average approximation errors in all regions of the partition. >
Management of internal maxillary artery hemorrhage from temporomandibular joint surgery via selective embolization

Abstract In recent years, many articles have appeared in the literature converning the management of major hemorrhage in the oral and maxillofacial region. Most publications relate to the control of hemorrhage to facilitate removal of vascular anomalies.1–3 However, little has been written regarding the postoperative control of traumatic aneurysms in this area; most of these relate to the superficial temporal artery. This article will describe the diagnosis and management of an iatrogenic tear of the internal maxillary artery during an elective arthroplasty of the left temporomandibular foint (TMJ).
The effect of face inversion on activity in human neural systems for face and object perception.

Abstract The differential effect of stimulus inversion on face and object recognition suggests that inverted faces are processed by mechanisms for the perception of other objects rather than by face perception mechanisms. We investigated the face inversion using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The principal effect of face inversion on was an increased response in ventral extrastriate regions that respond preferentially to another class of objects (houses). In contrast, house inversion did not produce a similar change in face-selective regions. Moreover, stimulus inversion had equivalent, minimal effects for faces in in face-selective regions and for houses in houseselective regions. The results suggest that the failure of face perception systems with inverted faces leads to the recruitment of processing resources in object perception systems, but this failure is not reflected by altered activity in face perception systems.
Survey of pharmacy involvement in hospital medication reconciliation programs across the United States.

The objective of this study is to conduct a review of pertinent literature, assess pharmacy involvement in medication reconciliation, and offer insight into best practices for hospitals to implement and enhance their medication reconciliation programs.Pharmacists in hospitals nationwide were asked to complete an anonymous survey via the American College of Clinical Pharmacy online database. The multiple choice survey analyzed the roles that healthcare professionals play in medication reconciliation programs at hospitals.Of the survey responses received, 32/91 (35%) came from pharmacists at hospitals with a pharmacy-led medication reconciliation program. Of these pharmacy-led programs, 17/32 (53%) have a dedicated pharmacist or pharmacy staff to perform medication reconciliation.A comprehensive review of literature suggests that pharmacy involvement has the potential to reduce medication reconciliation errors and may improve patient satisfaction. Focused, full-time medication reconciliation pharmacists can help hospitals save time and money, improve outcomes, and meet higher standards issued by the Joint Commission. Data obtained in this study show the extent to which pharmacists contribute to achieving these goals in healthcare systems nationwide. This baseline study provides a strong case for hospitals to implement a pharmacy-led medication reconciliation program.
Spherical waves in a simple locking medium

ABSTRACT The mechanical behavior of some types of soils can be idealized by that of a “Locking Solid.” This paper investigates the spherical shock wave and the stress distribution behind the wave in a simple locking solid due to a sudden explosion at the surface of a small spherical cavity. The cases of infinitesimal and finite deformations are considered. The effect of an elastic shear resistance and the consequent phenomenon of “unlocking” are also studied.
Node Positioning for Increased Dependability of Wireless Sensor Networks

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Static Positioning of Nodes Dynamic Repositioning of Nodes Coordinated Multinode Relocation Conclusion Exercises Bibliography
Foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States, 1973-1987: Pathogens, vehicles, and trends.

The etiologic agents and food vehicles associated with the 7458 outbreaks (involving 237,545 cases) of foodborne disease reported to the Centers for Disease Control between 1973 and 1987 were examined. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 66% of outbreaks and 87% of cases, viruses 5 and 9%, parasites 5 and <1%, and chemicals 25 and 4%, respectively. Salmonella accounted for 42% of outbreaks and 51% of cases due to bacterial pathogens. When data from 1973-75 were compared with 1985-87, a 75% increase in the proportion of outbreaks and 130% increase in the proportion of cases due to Salmonella were observed; in particular, outbreaks due to Salmonella enteritidis increased markedly. The proportion of Salmonella outbreaks with a known vehicle that were associated with beef (the food most frequently associated with Salmonella outbreaks) peaked at 30% in 1981, dropped to 4% in 1982, and has since risen gradually. The proportion of Salmonella outbreaks due to chicken and eggs increased over the study period. Bacteria not previously recognized as important foodborne pathogens that emerged during the study period include Campylobacter jejuni , Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes . Bacterial pathogens accounted for 90% of deaths, with L. monocytogenes (317/1,000 cases) and Clostridium botulinum (192/1,000 cases) having the highest death-to-case ratios. The proportion of outbreaks in which the food was prepared in a commercial or institutional establishment and the median outbreak size both increased. Investigation and analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks continue to play a key role in understanding foodborne illness and in designing and evaluating control measures.
Influence of Population Density on Mating Behavior of Chemosterilized, Untreated, or Overwintered Boll Weevils, Anthonomus grandis

Untreated Anthonomus grandis Boheman females, paired with untreated males, mated significantly more than did untreated females paired with males treated with apholate, or overwintered females paired with overwintered males. With 1 exception, the number of mean matings for each combination housed in each of 3 different sized mating chambers was significantly different from that in the 2 other mating chambers housing the same combination. As the size of the mating chamber was increased, simulating a decrease in population density, matings of all combinations of weevils decreased.
A Phase II Clinical Trial of TRC105 (Anti-Endoglin Antibody) in Adults With Advanced/Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Abstract Background In this trial we assessed the efficacy and tolerability of TRC105, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets CD105 (endoglin) in patients with advanced, previously treated urothelial carcinoma (UC). Patients and Methods Patients received TRC105 15 mg/kg every 2 weeks on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months. Secondary end points included safety, toxicity, and overall survival (OS). CD105 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a separate cohort of 50 UC patients. Biomarker studies included immune subsets, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CEPs), and osteopontin. Results Of 13 patients enrolled, 12 were evaluable for OS and PFS. The 3-month PFS probability was 18.2% (median PFS, 1.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8-2.1 months). This met the criterion for ending accrual on the basis of the 2-stage design. Median OS was 8.3 months (95% CI, 3.3-17.0 months). IHC for CD105 scores was not associated with T stage ( P = .26) or presence of lymph nodes ( P = .64). Baseline levels of regulatory T and B cells, CEPs, and changes in CEC level after TRC105 exhibited trends toward an association with PFS or OS. CTCs pre- and post-TRC105 were detected in 4 of 4 patients. Conclusion Although TRC105 was well tolerated, it did not improve 6-month PFS in heavily pretreated patients with advanced UC. CD105 staining was present in 50% of UC tumors at different intensities. Our observations on the pharmacodynamic significance of immune subsets, CECs, and CTCs warrant further study.
Veridical and Misleading Evidence

Like the error-statisticians, Glymour, and us, Peter Achinstein rejects an account of evidence in traditional Bayesian terms. Like the error-statisticians and Glymour, but unlike us, his own account of evidence incorporates what we have called the “true-model” assumption, that there is a conceptual connection between the existence of evidence for a hypothesis and having a good reason to believe that the hypothesis is true. In this connection, and unlike any of the other views surveyed, Achinstein does not so much analyze the concept of evidence per se as provide a taxonomy of conceptions of evidence—subjective, objective, potential, “epistemic-situational,” and “veridical.” He then both argues that only “veridical evidence” captures exemplary scientific practice and explains why this should be the case. In the first half of this chapter, we set out Achinstein’s criticisms of the Bayesian account, then develop and in turn criticize his own account of “veridical evidence.” In the second half of the chapter, we contrast “veridical” with “misleading” evidence and show how two key theorems concerning the probability of misleading evidence allow us to measure it.
Social Work in Latin America: Styles of conversion and resistance

This article focuses on the history of social work in Latin America, as a branch of knowledge and as a caring profession. A few critical, if not openly polemical, issues are at stake. The discussion will highlight the field of social work from two angles: first, as a system of thought connecting concepts, theories, and ideological lineages to major issues of political and social policy import; second, as a professional complex, comprising embattled or firmly established territories of public action. In both cases, theoretical and analytical derailments, or indeed collisions with the social science, and particularly social policy, literature, should call for a much-needed revamping in the field.The discussion will bring the international literature to light, when – and only if – insights or questionings may touch upon the Latin-American scenario.
Donor CD8+ T Cells Facilitate Graft-Versus-Tumor Effect Via Alloantigen Rather Than Tumor-Specific Antigen Recognition Following Murine Myeloablative BMT.

Previous data from our group and others has shown that donor CD8+ Tcells mediate graft-versus-tumor (GVT) function in murine myeloablative bone marrow transplantation (BMT) via Perforin/Fas ligand-dependent mechanisms. However, there has to date been no analysis of the mechanism of tumor recognition (i.e allo- versus tumor-specific antigen recognition) by donor CD8+ T cells following myeloablative MHC-mismatched BMT. In order to test the hypothesis that donor CD8 T-cells require allo-antigen recognition to maintain graft-versus-tumor effect, we developed stable full chimeras by transplanting T-cell depleted bone marrow (TCD BM) from C57BL/6 (H-2 b ) donor mice into myeloablated BALB/c (H-2 d ) hosts given 800 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) and evaluated the in vivo ability of CD8+ TCR+ splenocytes from these donors to kill the BCL 1 tumor (a BALB/c-derived B-cell lymphoma carrying a detectable tumor-specific idiotype which can be monitored via peripheral blood flow cytometric analysis). These chimeras showed complete donor chimerism in myeloid, B- and T-lymphocytic lineages by day +100 following transplantation, and splenocytes from these chimeras exhibited tolerance to host-type but not third-party alloantigens. BALB/c hosts were given 800 cGy TBI on day -1, followed on day 0 by intravenous administration of 500 BCL 1 tumor cells and infusion of 0.3x 10 6 CD8+ T cells of C57 origin (H-2 b +) sorted by flow cytometric analysis from the either spleens of the chimeric mice or from the spleens of untreated wild-type C57BL/6 mice. All hosts were given 5 x 10 6 T cell-depleted wild-type C57 bone marrow cells. All mice were observed for clinical signs of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and mortality through day +100. Autopsy was performed at death to assess for sub-clinical target organ involvement with GVHD or tumor. Donor chimerism and BCL 1 status was assessed at day +28 and day +100 by 3-color flow cytometric analysis for donor-specific MHC versus T-, B- and myeloid lineage markers as well as tumor-specific idiotype in the peripheral blood (or in the spleen at time of death for animals dying prior to day +100). All animals receiving BCL 1 tumor cells and sorted CD8+T cells from wild-type untreated C57 donors cleared tumor idiotype but succumbed to GVHD. All animals receiving tumor cells and sorted chimeric C57 CD8+ T cells remained free of clinical or pathologic evidence of GVHD, but died with tumor progression. Control myeloablated animals given C57 TCD BM alone with BCL 1 tumor cells all succumbed to tumor, whereas those receiving C57 whole bone marrow with tumor demonstrated tumor survival without GVHD. The data indicate that chimeric donor peripheral CD8+ T cells, which lose their capacity to induce lethal GVHD in BALB/c hosts, also lose the capacity to eradicate BALB/c-type lymphoma cells. We conclude that CD8+ T cell-induced GVT effect in this model is dependent upon alloantigen rather than tumor-specific antigen recognition.