cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solution structure of an alternate conformation of helix27 from Escherichia coli16S rRNA.

Helix (H)27 of 16S ribosomal (r)RNA from Escherichia coli was dubbed the “switch helix” when mutagenesis suggested that two alternative base pair registers may have distinct functional roles in the bacterial ribosome. Although more recent genetic analyses suggest that H27 conformational switching is not required for translation, previous solution studies demonstrated that the isolated E. coli H27 can dynamically convert between the 885 and 888 conformations. Here, we have solved the NMR solution structure of a locked 888 conformation. NOE and residual dipolar coupling restraints reveal an architecture that markedly differs from that of the 885 conformation found in crystal structures of the bacterial ribosome. In place of the loop E motif that characterizes the 885 conformer and that the 888 conformer cannot adopt, we find evidence for an asymmetrical A-rich internal loop stabilized by stacking interactions among the unpaired A’s. Comparison of the isolated H27 888 solution structure with the 885 crystal structure within the context of the ribosome suggests a difference in overall length of H27 that presents one plausible reason for the absence of H27 conformational switching within the sterically confining ribosome.
Adverse Host Responses to Bacterial Toxins in Human Infants

Bacterial toxin interaction with the intestinal epithelium is regulated developmentally as well as by nutritional factors. It is the binding of bacterial toxins to the epithelium followed by several events that forms the basis of infantile diarrhea, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. There has been increasing interest in bacterial toxin interaction with the enterocyte, postreceptor events that follow and the effect of developmental regulation on necrotizing enterocolitis. Diet and environmental factors can provide a major influence on bacterial-enterocyte interaction. Particularly important is the role of breast milk and its constituents, as well as probiotics, in this regard. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview on this complex interaction.
Decreasing uncertainty in catch rate analyses using Delta-AdaBoost: An alternative approach in catch and bycatch analyses with high percentage of zeros

Abstract The gillnet data of walleye ( Sander vitreus ), yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ), and white perch ( Morone americana ), collected by a fishery-independent survey (Lake Eire Partnership Index Fishing Survey, PIS) from 1989 to 2008, contained 75–83% of zero observations. AdaBoost algorithm was applied to the model analyses with such fishery data for each species. The 3- and 5-fold cross-validations were conducted to evaluate the performance of each candidate model. The performance of the delta model consisting of one generalized additive model and one AdaBoost model (Delta-AdaBoost) was compared with five candidate models. The five candidate models included: the delta model comprising two generalized linear models (Delta-GLM), the delta model comprising two generalized linear models with polynomial terms up to degree 3 (Delta-GLM-Poly), the delta model comprising two generalized additive models (Delta-GAM), the generalized linear model with Tweedie distribution (GLM-Tweedie), and the generalized additive model with Tweedie distribution (GAM-Tweedie). To predict the presence/absence of fish species, the performance of AdaBoost model was compared in terms of error rate with conventional generalized linear and additive models assuming a binomial distribution. Results from 3- and 5-fold cross-validation indicated that Delta-AdaBoost model yielded the smallest training error (0.431–0.433 for walleye, 0.528–0.519 for yellow perch and 0.251 for white perch) and test error (0.435–0.436 for walleye, 0.524 for yellow perch and 0.254–0.255 for white perch) on average, followed by Delta-GLM-Poly model for yellow perch and white perch, and Delta-GAM model for walleye. In the prediction of the presence/absence of fish species, AdaBoost model had the lowest error rate, compared with generalized linear and additive models. We suggested AdaBoost algorithm to be an alternative to deal with the high percentage of zero observations in the catch and bycatch analyses in fisheries studies.
Visual outcomes comparing surgical techniques for management of severe idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Object The object of this study was to compare surgical techniques for management of visual loss in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) unresponsive to medical treatment. Methods The published literature was reviewed using electronic and manual search techniques. Articles were categorized based upon the surgical procedure performed, including optic nerve sheath decompression (ONSD), also called optic nerve sheath fenestration; intracranial venous sinus stent placement; ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement; and lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt placement. Demographic data and visual outcome of the cumulative experience were compiled and compared for each type of surgical intervention. Results Seventeen patients treated by stent placement, 31 by VP shunt placement, 44 by LP shunt placement, and 252 patients by ONSD were identified in the literature; average follow-up ranged from 11.8 months for patients treated with stents to 57.2 months for those treated with LP shunts. Improved or resolved vision def...
Regression of glioma tumor growth in F98 and U87 rat glioma models by the Nitrone OKN-007.

Background Glioblastoma multiforme, a World Health Organization grade IV glioma, has a poor prognosis in humans despite current treatment options. Here, we present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data regarding the regression of aggressive rat F98 gliomas and human U87 glioma xenografts after treatment with the nitrone compound OKN-007, a disulfonyl derivative of α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone.
Process complexity of magnetoresistive sensors: a review

Magnetoresistive (MR) thin film sensors are presently used in a variety of hard disk and tape storage devices. Review papers have detailed the various methods and configurations required to linearize and stabilize the output signal characteristics of the MR thin film transducer. However, little emphasis has been placed on describing the complexity of such configurations with respect to materials and fabrication requirements. Specifically this review will examine MR sensor configurations from the perspective of the thin film processing technology required to implement the sensor design into a thin film head environment. The general trend is that the process complexity for MR sensors has increased in the areas of magnetic materials and patterning as the areal density performance of the sensor has improved.
Control of a discrete parts production system with random part production times to meet a given schedule

A production system is modeled as a stochastic discrete-event process. The production system produces discrete parts from an infinite supply of raw materials. The production time for a part is exponentially distributed and can be affected by a control variable-the production rate, which can be adjusted only at production initiation epochs for the discrete parts. A short-term cost criterion is introduced to accommodate two primary economic factors: cost due to the control effort and cost based on missing production deadlines. This short-term cost function depends only on quantities in the production of a single part, but with a correction term to achieve better long-term performance. Two cases are considered in detail: one case where the penalty on missing the part production deadline is asymmetric and another case where the penalty is symmetric. In each case, the optimal operating policy is determined by minimizing the short-term cost function. Properties of the resultant optimal control policy are investigated; the closed-loop behavior of the production system under the optimal control policy is discussed for each case. >
The dangers of failing one or more performance validity tests in individuals claiming mild traumatic brain injury-related postconcussive symptoms

Evaluating performance validity is important in any neuropsychological assessment, and prior research recommends a threshold for invalid performance of two or more performance validity test (PVT) failures. However, extant findings also indicate that failing a single PVT is associated with significant changes in neuropsychological performance. The current study sought to determine if there is an appreciable difference in neuropsychological testing results between individuals failing different numbers of PVTs. In a sample of veterans with reported histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; N =178), analyses revealed that individuals failing only one PVT performed significantly worse than individuals failing no PVTs on measures of verbal learning and memory, processing speed, and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, individuals failing one versus two PVTs significantly differed only on delayed free recall scores. The current findings suggest that failure of even one PVT should elicit consideration of performance invalidity, particularly in individuals with histories of mTBI.
Preliminary experience with liver transplantation in selected patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Abstract Previous experience with OLT for hilar CCA has been discouraging, and survival was dismal. This study demonstrates that carefully selected patients with unresectable hilar CCA can achieve long-term survival after OLT. The survival rate obtained with this protocol (5-year actuarial survival of 87%) is comparable with the overall survival rate of liver-transplant recipients at the authors' institution. In comparison, the best survival rate after OLT for hilar CCA reported in the literature is 64.8% at 5 years in a subset of nine patients with negative lymph nodes. In the absence of a control group, it is difficult to assess with certainty the role of a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but in some patients it seems to prevent or slow progression of the disease while waiting for an available organ. Treatment-related morbidity, although significant, is not prohibitive. Nevertheless, a considerable proportion of treated patients ultimately was found to have advanced disease precluding transplantation. This finding confirms the importance of the staging laparotomy as an essential component of the protocol.
Resurrecting prehistoric parvalbumins to explore the evolution of thermal compensation in extant Antarctic fish parvalbumins

Parvalbumins (PVs) from Antarctic notothenioid fishes display a pattern of thermal adaptation that likely reflects evolutionary changes in protein conformational flexibility. We have used ancestral sequence reconstruction and homology modeling to identify two amino acid changes that could potentially account for the present thermal sensitivity pattern of Antarctic fish PVs compared with a PV from a theoretical warm-adapted ancestral fish. To test this hypothesis, ancient PVs were resurrected in the lab using PV from the notothenioid Gobionotothen gibberifrons as a platform for introducing mutations comparable to the reconstructed ancestral PV sequences. The wild-type PV (WT) as well as three mutant expression constructs were engineered: lysine 8 to asparagine (K8N), lysine 26 to asparagine (K26N) and a double mutant (DM). Calcium equilibrium dissociation constants (K(d)) versus temperature curves for all mutants were right-shifted, as predicted, relative to that of WT PV. The K(d) values for the K8N and K26N single mutants were virtually identical at all temperatures and showed an intermediate level of thermal sensitivity. The DM construct displayed a full conversion of thermal sensitivity pattern to that of a PV from a warm/temperate-adapted fish. Additionally, the K(d) versus temperature curve for the WT construct revealed greater thermal sensitivity compared with the mutant constructs. Measurements of the rates of Ca(2+) dissociation (k(off)) showed that all mutants generally had slower k(off) values than WT at all temperatures. Calculated rates of Ca(2+) binding (k(on)) for the K8N and K26N mutants were similar to values for the WT PV at all temperatures. In contrast, the calculated k(on) values for the DM PV were faster, providing mechanistic insights into the nature of potentially adaptive changes in Ca(2+) binding in this PV. The overall results suggest that the current thermal phenotype of Antarctic PVs can be recapitulated by just two amino acid substitutions.
1200 years of fire and vegetation history in the Willamette Valley, Oregon and Washington, reconstructed using high-resolution macroscopic charcoal and pollen analysis

article High-resolution macroscopic charcoal and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct the fire and vegetation history of the Willamette Valley for the last 1200 years. Presented in this paper are three new paleoecological reconstructions from Lake Oswego, Porter Lake, and Warner Lake, Oregon, and portions of previous reconstructions from Battle Ground Lake, Washington, and Beaver Lake, Oregon. The reconstructions show that prior to Euro-American settlement vegetation and fire regimes were influenced by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. Battle Ground Lake shows a stronger influence from climate, while Lake Oswego, Beaver Lake, Porter Lake, and Warner Lake were more controlled by human activity. However, human-set fires were also modulated by regional climate variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. Fire reconstructions from Battle Ground Lake, Lake Oswego, Beaver Lake, and Porter Lake imply that fires were infrequent in the Willamette Valley 200-300 years prior to Euro-American settlement. The decline of Native American populations due to introduced disease may have led to this reduction in fire activity. The prehistoric record from Warner Lake, however, indicates that fires in the foothills of the Cascade Range were more frequent than on the valley floor, at least until ca. AD 1800. The historic portions of the reconstructions indicate that Euro-American land clearance for agriculture and logging produced the most dramatic shifts in vegetation and fire regimes. All five records indicate that few fires in the Willamette Valley have occurred since ca. AD 1930, and fires today are predominantly grass fires. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neonatal medial prefrontal lesions and recovery of spatial delayed alternation in the rat: effects of delay interval.

We have previously shown that rats given medial prefrontal lesions on postnatal Day 10 show a performance deficit on spatial delayed alternation (2-s delay) when tested between Days 19 and 23, but show recovery of function by Days 27–33 (Freeman & Stanton, 1992). The present study attempted to (a) examine the effects of extending the delay interval from 2 s to 15 or 45 s on the ontogeny of spatial delayed alternation; and (b) determine whether these longer delays would alter the ontogenetic profile of recovery from medial prefrontal damage. Animals were given medial prefrontal lesions (mPFC) or sham surgery on Day 10. They received acquisition training on delayed alternation with a 2-s delay on Day 21 or Day 28, followed by “probe” tests at delays of 15 and 45 s on the following day (Day 22 or Day 29). On Days 21–22 there was an overall effect of lesion at the 2-, 15-, and 45-s delay intervals indicating and early deficit. However, on Days 28–29 there was no effect of lesion at the end of acquisition or at the 15- or 45-s delay intervals. Recovery of memory function by mPFC animals on this task appears to occur during the weanling period regardless of delay interval. © 1995 Johnv Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analytic test for absolute stability

A simple numerical procedure is proposed, which uses the Routh test to determine absolute stability.
Collective cyclotron motion of the relativistic plasma in graphene

We present a theory of the finite temperature thermoelectric response functions of graphene in the hydrodynamic regime where electron-electron collisions dominate the scattering. In moderate magnetic fields, the Dirac particles undergo a collective cyclotron motion with a temperature-dependent relativistic cyclotron frequency proportional to the net charge density of the Dirac plasma. In contrast to the undamped cyclotron pole in Galilean-invariant systems (Kohn's theorem), here there is a finite damping induced by collisions between the counter-propagating particles and holes. This cyclotron motion shows up as a damped pole in the frequency-dependent conductivities and should be readily detectable in microwave measurements at room temperature. We also compute the large Nernst signal in the hydrodynamic regime, which is significantly bigger than that in ordinary metals.
The Analysis of Knowing

When philosophers speak of concepts, they are seldom concerned with an everyday focus on a given person’s ‘conception’ of something, which might include what the person thinks is important about a topic or ought to happen regarding it. Nor are they typically discussing what psychologists call ‘concept acquisition’ in the sense of a person’s coming to be able to make judgments about a given topic. Instead, philosophers are quite often relating to a tradition illustrated by Kant and having roots in Plato’s theory of Forms, which speaks of concepts as particulars that figure in judgments, or in propositions specifying the contents of judgments, and treats concepts as applicable to or true of various items. Philosophers in that tradition presume that such particulars can be described in what they call an analysis of a concept.
James Madison Has Left the Building: A Review of J. Mitchell Pickerill, Constitutional Deliberation in Congress

Empirical work on judicial and legislative politics sheds valuable light on the importance of judicial review and the ways in which constitutional limitations are most effectively maintained. Mitchell Pickerill's examination of constitutional deliberation in Congress in the latter half of the twentieth century helps us understand the limited policy impact of the Supreme Court's constitutional rulings, which in turn begins to explain the political sustainability of the power of judicial review. It also suggests the ways in which the judiciary and the legislature can complement one another in recognizing, debating, and implementing constitutional values and commitments, while cautioning us against overly optimistic conclusions about the possibilities of legislative constitutionalism.
Discovery of a Biological Mechanism of Active Transport through the Tympanic Membrane to the Middle Ear

Otitis media (OM) is a common pediatric disease for which systemic antibiotics are often prescribed. While local treatment would avoid the systemic treatment side-effects, the tympanic membrane (TM) represents an impenetrable barrier unless surgically breached. We hypothesized that the TM might harbor innate biological mechanisms that could mediate trans-TM transport. We used two M13-bacteriophage display biopanning strategies to search for mediators of trans-TM transport. First, aliquots of linear phage library displaying 1010th 12mer peptides were applied on the TM of rats with active bacterial OM. The middle ear (ME) contents were then harvested, amplified and the preparation re-applied for additional rounds. Second, the same naive library was sequentially screened for phage exhibiting TM binding, internalization and then transit. Results revealed a novel set of peptides that transit across the TM to the ME in a time and temperature dependent manner. The peptides with highest transport capacities shared sequence similarities. Historically, the TM was viewed as an impermeable barrier. However, our studies reveal that it is possible to translocate peptide-linked small particles across the TM. This is the first comprehensive biopanning for the isolation of TM transiting peptidic ligands. The identified mechanism offers a new drug delivery platform into the ME.
The Motor Transportation Revolution

Only recently have business historians turned their attention to the motor transportation industry. Interest in this “new” and obviously important field is well served by an historical analysis of major industry-wide trends. Too often the historian and the businessman alike work without benefit of such perspective. The evolution of the motor transportation industry is here divided into four major chronological divisions, with some summary observations about post-World War II conditions. Major emphasis is laid upon the different developmental patterns exhibited by various motor carrier classifications, upon the competitive interreaction of rail and motor transport interests, and upon the far-reaching effect of state and federal regulation. The history of the motor transportation revolution yields information of value about railroad developments and provides a background for understanding basic twentieth-century trends in commodity distribution.
Revision of the Pleurostict Scarabaeidae of Cuba and Isle of Pines II. Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae.

The pleurostict Scarabaeidae known to occur on the island of Cuba and on the Isle of Pines belong to the following subfamilies: Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. The subfamily Melolonthinae, which has been reviewed in a previous paper[1][1], is the most numerous in point of species of any of the subfamilies. The Dynastinae, though richer in genera, are second in number of species, while the Rutelinae and Cetoniinae are very scantily represented in the fauna. [1]: #fn-1
Conclusion: Implications for Feminist Ethics

This book has covered considerable territory, surveying the nature of empathy, its epistemic functions and how they are important to moral deliberation, why empathy alone is unsuitable as the sole basis of moral judgment, how contractual ethical theories model empathy, and how empathy can be used in moral education. By way of conclusion, I want to make clear the significance of the arguments that have gone before and discuss directions for further research on related topics that I have not treated in detail. There is a great deal of interesting work being done on topics related to empathy—including narrative approaches to empathy, empathy in animals, and empathy in religious ethics (which might see these topics differently from secular ethics)—that I have been unable to examine here.11 close by demonstrating the practical application of my argument as it applies to feminist ethics in particular.
The citizen scientist: Community-academic partnerships through Translational Advisory Boards.

Abstract Objective To describe the effectiveness of engaging patient partners as “citizen scientists” in the research process to boost patient centered outcomes research in underrepresented populations. Methods Translational Advisory Boards in South Texas have effectively collaborated with University researchers to develop community-based patient centered research. Here we describe innovative approaches in research to engage patients and offer practical methods to enhance partnerships between patients and researchers to facilitate patient engagement. Results Three health issues identified by the TABs were diabetes, obesity and teen pregnancy Examples of other community inspired research topics include air and water quality, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, intimate partner violence, chronic pain, and human papilloma virus and hepatitis C vaccinations. Conclusion Patient engagement of underrepresented populations is inverse to the vast disparities they experience. In order to adequately address our nation’s deficits in providing equitable healthcare, we must fully integrate disparate partners into the research process. By engaging community champions, academic health centers can fully integrate meaningful interventions on topics of interest to the catchment area in which they serve. Practice implications These lessons can be used in developing local and regional collaborations across the country to boost active participation of patient stakeholder in PCOR to reduce healthcare disparities and improve our healthcare systems.
“Dynamite bombs of New York manufacture”: the terrorist perspective in the Stevensons, Greer and James

ABSTRACTThis article examines the first three literary reactions to Fenian terrorism: Robert Louis Stevenson and Fanny van de Grift Stevenson’s co-written novel, The Dynamiter (1885); Tom Greer’s A Modern Daedalus (1885) and Henry James’ The Princess Casamassima (1886). Although these works approach terrorism from different angles, they set the pattern for subsequent treatments that will “give primary voice to the perspective of the terrorist”. “Zero”, the hapless bomb-makers in The Dynamiter, is a surprisingly urbane, sympathetic figure; Greer illustrates both the necessity and the moral quandaries of terrorism and James shows considerable sympathy for anarchism’s causes, even though terrorism threatens high art and culture. I also hope to show that fiction can provide excellent source material for studying the cultural imaginary of terrorism and, by extension, make a bid for the inclusion of literature scholars under the umbrella of Critical Terrorism Studies.
State-level estimates of childhood obesity prevalence in the United States corrected for report bias.

State-level estimates of childhood obesity prevalence in the United States corrected for report bias
Why not Join the College Community

(1961). Why not Join the College Community? Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 38-39.
The "White Gray Sign" Identifies the Central Sulcus on 3T High-Resolution T1-Weighted Images.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The central sulcus is an important anatomic landmark, but most methods of identifying it rely on variable gyral and sulcal patterns. We describe and assess the accuracy of reduced gray-white contrast along the central sulcus, an observation we term the “white gray sign.” MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 51 fMRIs with a T1-weighted 3D inversion recovery fast-spoiled gradient-echo and concomitant hand-motor fMRI, which served as confirmation for the location of the central sulcus. To measure gray-white contrast across the central and adjacent sulci, we performed a quantitative analysis of 25 normal hemispheres along the anterior and posterior cortices and intervening white matter of the pre- and postcentral gyri. 3D inversion recovery fast-spoiled gradient-echo axial images from 51 fMRIs were then evaluated by 2 raters for the presence of the white gray sign as well as additional established signs of the central sulcus: the bracket, cortical thickness, omega, and T signs. RESULTS: The mean gray-white contrast along the central sulcus was 0.218 anteriorly and 0.237 posteriorly, compared with 0.320 and 0.295 along the posterior precentral and anterior postcentral sulci, respectively (P CONCLUSIONS: Reduced gray-white contrast around the central sulcus is a reliable sign for identification of the central sulcus on 3D inversion recovery fast-spoiled gradient-echo images.
A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of Overlaps in Regional Specialization and Functional Connectivity across Subjective Value and Default Mode Networks

Previous research has provided qualitative evidence for overlap in a number of brain regions across the subjective value network (SVN) and the default mode network (DMN). In order to quantitatively assess this overlap, we conducted a series of coordinate-based meta-analyses (CBMA) of results from 466 functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments on task-negative or subjective value-related activations in the human brain. In these analyses, we first identified significant overlaps and dissociations across activation foci related to SVN and DMN. Second, we investigated whether these overlapping subregions also showed similar patterns of functional connectivity, suggesting a shared functional subnetwork. We find considerable overlap between SVN and DMN in subregions of central ventromedial prefrontal cortex (cVMPFC) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (dPCC). Further, our findings show that similar patterns of bidirectional functional connectivity between cVMPFC and dPCC are present in both networks. We discuss ways in which our understanding of how subjective value is computed and represented in the brain can be synthesized with what we know about the DMN, mind-wandering, and self-referential processing in light of our findings.
Identification of blind geothermal resources in Surprise Valley, CA, using publicly available groundwater well water quality data

Geothermal resource exploration is generally limited to areas with surface expressions of thermal activity (fumaroles and hot springs), or relies on expensive geophysical exploration techniques. In this study, the hidden subsurface distribution of geothermal fluids has been identified using a free and publicly available water quality dataset from agricultural and domestic water wells in Surprise Valley, northeastern California. Thermally evolved waters in Surprise Valley have element ratios that vary in response to Ca carbonate and Mg silicate mineral precipitation, and have elevated total dissolved solids (TDS). The arid climate in Surprise Valley leads to surface water evaporation in a closed basin, producing high TDS Na-Cl-CO3-SO4 brines in three ephemeral alkali lakes and in shallow groundwater under elevated soil CO2 conditions. Evaporated fluids in Surprise Valley follow a chemical divide that leads to Ca carbonate and Mg silicate mineral precipitation. Plots of dissolved element ratios can be used to distinguish groundwater affected by evaporation from water affected by thermal water-rock interaction, however it is challenging to select components for plotting that best illustrate different fluid evolution mechanisms. Here, we use a principal component analysis of centered log-ratio transformed data, coupled with geochemical models of fluid evaporation and thermal mixing pathways, to identify components to plot that distinguish between groundwater samples influenced by evaporation from those influenced by thermal processes. We find that groundwater samples with a thermal signature come from wells that define a coherent, linear geographical distribution that closely matches the location of known and inferred faults. Modification of the general approach employed here provides promise for identifying blind geothermal resources in other locations, by applying low-cost geochemical modeling and statistical techniques to areas where large groundwater quality geochemical datasets are available.
The Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (CECE) Model: A New Theory of Success Among Racially Diverse College Student Populations

In this chapter, the author makes the case for a new theory of college success among racially diverse student populations. He analyzes Tinto’s theory of student departure and delineates four major limitations of this model in explaining success among racially diverse populations. The author also provides an overview of alternative culturally relevant frameworks of success that have been generated from the voices of racially diverse communities and proposed to explain success among diverse student populations. In doing so, he highlights the contributions of these culturally relevant frameworks and discusses how they fall short of offering a comprehensive, easily quantifiable, and testable theoretical model that can provide the foundation for a new generation of research on success among racially diverse populations in college. Then, the author proposes a Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (CECE) model of success among racially diverse student populations that accounts for the major critiques of Tinto’s theory, is derived from research on diverse student bodies, and consists of a set of quantifiable constructs and testable propositions that can provide the foundation for a new line of inquiry into diverse college students’ success. The chapter ends with a set of conclusions and implications for research and practice in postsecondary education.
Two or Three Input, Two Output Systems: Some Examples

We saw in Chapter 1 that, for systems with either a single input (m = 1) or a single output (p = 1), the affine theory of Part I extends in an entirely satisfactory way. We now treat some examples with m = 2, p = 2 to indicate ways in which the scalar theory breaks down.
Sortase-Mediated Ligation as a Modular Approach for the Covalent Attachment of Proteins to the Exterior of the Bacteriophage P22 Virus-like Particle

Virus-like particles are unique platforms well suited for the construction of nanomaterials with broad-range applications. The research presented here describes the development of a modular approach for the covalent attachment of protein domains to the exterior of the versatile bacteriophage P22 virus-like particle (VLP) via a sortase-mediated ligation strategy. The bacteriophage P22 coat protein was genetically engineered to incorporate an LPETG amino acid sequence on the C-terminus, providing the peptide recognition sequence utilized by the sortase enzyme to catalyze peptide bond formation between the LPETG-tagged protein and a protein containing a polyglycine sequence on the N-terminus. Here we evaluate attachment of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the head domain of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein by genetically producing polyglycine tagged proteins. Attachment of both proteins to the exterior of the P22 VLP was found to be highly efficient as judged by SDS-PAGE densitometry. These result...
Surveying hospital nurses to discover educational needs and preferences

Objective: The author investigated the educational needs of nurses in an American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet hospital to determine topics of interest, instruction time and delivery preferences, and interest in a research information skills certificate provided by the library. Methods: A 9-question survey was distributed to 1,500 nursing staff of the hospital through email. Results: Surveys were completed by 865 respondents, which represented a response rate of 58%. The majority of respondents were registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and paramedics (81%), and day-shift workers (65%). For education topics, nursing staff placed the highest priority on finding health-related mobile apps for professionals and developing evidence-based research skills. For mode of delivery, respondents expressed a preference for unit-based in-service, computer-based tutorials, and hands-on computer training. Most (70%) respondents expressed an interest in participating in a research information skills certificate program. Conclusions: Our survey results reveal an avenue for reinvigorating and updating the library’s educational program to match the needs of nursing staff and may offer valuable insight for other libraries seeking to do the same. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program .
Toward a Four‐Electron Redox Quinone Polymer for High Capacity Lithium Ion Storage

Despite recent advances, current polymeric organic cathode materials have failed to incorporate a high degree of lithium storage in a small molecular framework, resulting in low capacities relative to monomers. This report discloses the development of a lithium salt polymer of dihydroxyanthraquinone (LiDHAQS) capable of storing four Li+ per monomer. The combination of storing four Li+ per monomer and a low molecular weight monomer results in a capacity of 330 mA h g−1, a record for this class of material. The additional redox events responsible for added Li+ storage occur between 3.0 and 3.6 V versus Li/Li+ resulting in an average discharge potential of 2.5 V versus Li/Li+. These metrics combined yield a high energy density of 825 W h kg−1 which is a 55% improvement over commercial lithium cobalt oxide. The high performance of LiDHAQS makes it a promising material for next generation Li+ cathodes.
The Nerve Net of the Actinozoa V. Temperature and Facilitation in Metridium senile

1. An account is given of the responses of Metridium senile to mechanical stimulation. The responses resemble those described by Parker in M. marginatum . The chief protective response is due to contraction of the longitudinal mesenteric muscles and not to contraction of the sphincter as in Calliactis . 2. A simple apparatus for stimulation of Actinozoa is described. 3. The behaviour of Metridium to electrical stimulation resembles that of Calliactis . The response does not depend upon the intensity of individual shocks but on their number and frequency. As with Calliactis, Metridium obeys the rule that a single stimulus produces no effect. The longitudinal mesenterics of Metridium resemble the sphincter of Calliactis remarkably closely in their properties. 4. As in Calliactis graded responses can be produced in Metridium by varying the frequency of stimulation. The longitudinal mesenterics require the highest frequency for a facilitated response. The parietals require a lower frequency. The sphincter requires a relatively high frequency of stimulation but its action is delayed owing to its slow rate of contraction. The graded responses of different muscles to stimulation are controlled by facilitation. They are not connected with differences in threshold. 5. Temperature has a profound effect on the responses of actinozoans. Both contraction and relaxation are slowed at low temperatures ( Q 10 =2). The facilitating effect of a stimulus endures more than three times longer for a fall in temperature 10° C. Temperature thus greatly influences the rate of decay of the facilitation process.
KAMINALJUYU CHRONOLOGY AND CERAMIC ANALYSIS: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW

Recently, Inomata and colleagues (2014) proposed a revision to Shook and Popenoe de Hatch's (1999) chronology of Kaminaljuyu, recommending a new chronology based on detailed Bayesian analysis of the calibrated dates. In this article, I present data suggesting that Inomata and colleagues' proposed chronology should be viewed with caution, especially with regard to the apogee of Kaminaljuyu, the Verbena and Arenal phases. Furthermore, the impact of their revised chronology is overstated because the model of highland-to-lowland diffusion that they attack has long been moribund.
Curcumin supplementation and motor-cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults.

Background Recent studies suggest curcumin is a promising nutraceutical for improving important clinical and physiological markers of healthy aging, including motor and cognitive function. Objective To determine if curcumin supplementation improves motor and cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Methods 39 healthy men and postmenopausal women (45-74 yrs) were randomized to 12 weeks of placebo (n = 19) or curcumin supplementation (2000 mg/day Longvida®; n = 20) with motor and cognitive function assessed at week 0 and 12. Results Using measures of the NIH Toolbox and other standardized tests, there were no changes in muscle strength and rate of torque development, dexterity, fatigability, mobility, endurance, and balance between the placebo and curcumin groups after 12 weeks (all P > 0.05). Additionally, there were no changes after 12 weeks of placebo and curcumin supplementation in measures of fluid cognitive ability, a cognitive domain that declines with age, including processing speed, executive function, working memory, and episodic memory (all P > 0.3). There were marginal changes in language, a measure of crystallized cognitive ability that is stable with age, following the intervention, wherein reading decoding increased 3% in the curcumin group (post: 2428±35 vs. pre: 2357±34, P = 0.003), but was unchanged in the placebo group (post: 2334±39 vs. pre: 2364±40, P = 0.07). Conclusions Overall, 12 weeks of curcumin supplementation does not improve motor and cognitive functions in healthy middle-aged and older adults. It is possible that curcumin may enhance these functions in groups with greater baseline impairments than those studied here, including adults greater than 75 years of age and/or patients with clinical disorders.
Leukoreduction is Associated with a Decreased Incidence of Late Onset Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome after Injury

Transfusions are known to be associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Transfusion of leukoreduced products may be associated with a decreased incidence of late posttraumatic ARDS...
Algorithm Synthesis: A Comparative Study

1 Introduction.- 2 Insertion Sort.- 2.1. Green and Barstow.- 2.2. Broy.- 2.3. Smith.- 2.4. Clark and Darlington.- 2.5. Composite.- 3 Quicksort.- 3.1. Green and Barstow.- 3.2. Broy.- 3.3. Smith.- 3.4. Clark and Darlington.- 3.5. Composite.- 4 Cartesian Set Product.- 4.1. Manna and Waldinger.- 4.2. Smith.- 4.3. Composite.- 5 Depth-First Search.- 5.1. Broy and Pepper.- 5.2. Reif and Scherlis.- 5.3. Gerhart.- 5.4. Barstow.- 5.5. Composite.- 6 Schorr-Waite Graph Marking.- 6.1. Broy and Pepper.- 6.2. Gerhart.- 6.3. Griffiths.- 6.4. Composite.- 7 N-Queens.- 7.1. Balzer.- 7.2. Smith.- 7.3. Wirth.- 7.4. Composite.- 8 Convex Hull.- 8.1. Smith.- 8.2. Kant and Newell.- 8.3. Composite.- 9 Design Space: The Final Frontier.- 9.1. Goals.- 9.2. Languages.- 9.3. Derivation Structure.- 9.4. Implementations.- 9.5. Presentation Styles.- References.
Clinicians' perspectives on and interest in participating in a clinical data research network across the Southeastern United States.

Partnerships between clinicians and researchers could increase the generalizability of research findings and increase uptake of research results across populations. Yet engaging clinicians in research is challenging. Clinical Data Research Networks (CDRNs) provide access to a broad array of clinical data, patients, clinicians and health systems by building on existing health records (EHRs) to facilitate multi-site community engaged research (CEnR). A mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was employed. Sixty semi-structured interviews with clinicians from various disciplines and healthcare settings were conducted using five open-ended questions. Inductive content analysis was used to identify emerging themes in the data. We identified the following emerging themes: 1) Research with relevance and benefits to clinics and provider’s patient population; 2) Difficulties of engaging in research with existing patient care demands; 3) Clear and continuous two-way communication about research, coordinated with provider and clinic needs; 4) Tailored compensation approaches meet provider preferences; 5) Increasing clinician awareness about Clinical Data Research Networks (CDRNs). Our interview study provides insight into community clinician perspectives on Clinical Data Research Networks, indicating motivations and challenges to research involvement including consequences of time spent on research participation, barriers to expanding research and meaningful involvement in research governance. Findings can be used to guide the development of strategies to better engage providers in research in clinical settings, which could ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Expanding the Usable Past

Across diverse industries and professions, speculations about the future of computers and information technologies have been joined by frequent invocations of the past. These efforts to look backwards and forwards find many uses for history. Yet the turn to a usable past has been unnecessarily limited in its device-centered focus, particularly in light of the growing interest in a much broader set of objects of analysis among professional historians. This essay uses the history of the junior republic movement to illustrate the broader opportunities for thinking with history that recent developments in computing and information history represent.
Interviewing everyman: William Sheridan Allen, Theodore Rosengarten, and the allure of pseudonymous history

Anthropologists, sociologists, historians, and journalists all talk to people to learn about their lives. Yet, while anthropologists and sociologists tend to craft pseudonyms for their narrators an...
From lab to field: Social distance and charitable giving in teams

Abstract Laboratory evidence suggests that team members behave more altruistically when they have closer social connections to their teammates. Despite the potential significance of this finding for fundraising practice, it has gone largely untested in the applied setting of charitable giving. Following the rich tradition of converting “proofs of concept” in the laboratory to novel implementations in the field, we use a 6,471-person field experiment to test whether reducing social distance within a team increases donations to a non-profit university. We reduce social distance by informing team members that they participated in the same college organization (Greek life, athletics, or a specific volunteering organization). We find no evidence that this leads to greater altruism, but we caution that further studies are needed to understand how to best leverage the findings from the laboratory in the field.
Effect of recoil-induced internal excitation on the Auger transition energy

A recent investigation of nitrogen $1s$ ionization in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ by 40-keV photons has shown that only 70% of the recoil-induced internal energy appears as kinetic energy of the two nitrogen ions that are produced following the Auger decay of the core-ionized molecule. It has been concluded that the remaining 30% appears as part of the Auger transition energy. Presented here is an investigation using both classical and quantum mechanical models of how this unexpected result might come about. With these models, and the assumption of an isotropic distribution of the recoil momentum with respect to the molecular axis, it is possible to account for as much as 16% of the internal excitation contributing to the Auger transition energy, but within this framework there does not seem to be an obvious mechanism for producing a contribution as high as 30%. Consideration of refinements to the simple models does not improve this disagreement between prediction and observation. Assumption of a sufficiently anisotropic angular distribution can bring prediction and experiment into agreement, but such anisotropy is not consistent with other experimental results or theoretical expectations.
Management and treatment of HIV: Are primary care clinicians prepared for their new role?

Current literature suggests the number of HIV clinicians in the United States is diminishing. There are 294,834 primary care providers (PCP) in the United States, and, of these, 3101 provide care to HIV-positive patients. More PCPs to treat and manage HIV patients may be the solution to alleviate the HIV provider shortage. However, PCPs also face challenges, including workforce shortages. We surveyed PCPs to determine perceived barriers, beliefs, and attitudes about their readiness to manage and treat HIV patients. Following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional survey design, currently practicing clinicians in primary care (physicians, residents, physician assistants, family nurse practitioners) were emailed a link to the study survey. Three hundred forty-seven family medicine clinicians from 47 states met the study inclusion criteria. Most (245/347, 70.6%) of the PCPs agreed that PCPs should take care of HIV patients. PCPs practicing HIV medicine (n = 171) were more likely than those not practicing HIV medicine (n = 176) to agree that PCPs should help with the HIV provider shortage (U = 10,384, p < 0.001) and that PCPs are the best solution to the HIV provider shortage (U = 10,294, p < 0.001). The majority (206, 59.4%) believed PCPs are the best solution for the HIV provider shortage. Of 133 physician assistants (PAs) and family nurse practitioners (NPs), seventy (52.6%) believed they could be ready to manage HIV patients with some training. The HIV provider shortage in the United States is likely to continue. To alleviate the provider shortage, PCPs should be offered additional training, decreased workload, and increased compensation when treating and managing HIV patients. Also, encouraging PAs and family NPs to be involved with HIV medicine may be a solution.