cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Randomized parity forwarding in large-scale cooperative broadcast network

We present a randomized cooperative broadcasting technique that is flexible to topology changes and robust to transmission errors in large-scale wireless networks. A single source sends a common message (codeword) to all nodes, and those nodes that decode the message correctly then generate a parity bit (a partial information on the message) and broadcast it to the remaining nodes. The remaining nodes integrate the original codeword from the source with the network-generated parity bits to construct a lower rate, and thus more powerful, error correcting code. The protocol overhead is significantly reduced by allowing each node to randomly generate a parity bit independent of other nodes. We show that the probability of decoding error decreases exponentially with the number of nodes in the network, and that the performance degradation relative to the deterministic parity generation (that requires a centralized coordination of nodes) becomes smaller as the number of nodes increases. We also show that the proposed approach enables all nodes to correctly receive the message within the first cooperation stage if the number of nodes is sufficiently large. Hence, the proposed approach is promising for applications in large-scale wireless broadcast networks.
Neuronal development in the Drosophila retina

Nervous systems of higher organisms are comprised of a variety of cell types which are interconnected in a precise manner. The molecular mechanisms that lead to the specification of neuronal cell types are not well understood. The compound eye of the fruit fly Drosophila is an attractive experimental system to understand these mechanism. The compound eye is a reiterated neural pattern with several hundred unit structures and is amenable to both classical and molecular genetic methods. During the development of the compound eye cell–cell interactions and positional information play a critical role in the determination of cell fate. Recent genetic and molecular studies have provided important clues regarding the nature of the molecules involved in cellular signalling and neuronal differentiation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The gene for soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein α is mutated in hydrocephaly with hop gait (hyh) mice

The spontaneous autosomal recessive mouse mutant for hydrocephaly with hop gait (hyh) exhibits dramatic cystic dilation of the ventricles at birth and invariably develops hopping gait. We show that the gene for soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein α, also known as α-SNAP, is mutated in hyh mice. α-SNAP plays a key role in a wide variety of membrane fusion events in eukaryotic cells, including the regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitters. Homozygous mutant mice harbor a missense mutation M105I in a conserved residue in one of the α-helical domains. We demonstrate that the hyh mutant is not a null allele and is expressed; however, the mutant protein is 40% less abundant in hyh mice. The hyh mutant provides a valuable in vivo model to study vesicle/membrane trafficking and provides insight into the potential roles of α-SNAP in embryogenesis and brain development.
Harmless Constitutional Error and the Institutional Significance of the Jury

Appellate harmless error review, an early twentieth-century innovation prompted by concerns of efficiency and finality, had been confined to non-constitutional trial errors until forty years ago, when the Supreme Court extended the harmless error rule to trial errors of constitutional proportion. Even as criminal procedural protections were expanded in the latter half of the twentieth century, the harmless error rule operated to dilute the effect of many of these constitutional guarantees - the right to jury trial being no exception. However, while a tradeoff between important process values and the Constitution's protection of individual rights is inherent in the harmless error rule, recent applications of appellate harmless error review to certain jury-related constitutional errors have exceeded the scope of the initial compromise. Highlighting the current trend of application of appellate harmless error review to jury verdicts based on fewer than all of the required elements of a charged offense, this Article maintains that the Supreme Court's willingness to sacrifice individual criminal defendants' jury trial and due process rights at the altar of efficiency and finality has subverted the constitutional function of the jury itself, and has undermined the jury's institutional role. The Article calls for the constitutional recognition of the jury's core institutional interests, and argues for the inclusion of certain jury-related constitutional errors in the category of those structural errors not susceptible to appellate harmless error review.
Capacity of transmitting antenna

The capacity of transmitting antenna is discussed in this article based on information theory. Analytical upper bounds on the capacity of transmitting antenna have been obtained.
Internal impingement in the etiology of rotator cuff tendinosis revisited.

Abstract Purpose: The theory of internal impingement holds that, in overhead athletes, repeated contact between the undersurface of the rotator cuff and the posterosuperior glenoid rim leads to articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears and superior labral lesions. However, we have noted this same constellation of lesions in our general patient population. These recreational athletic patients do not routinely assume the position of extreme abduction and external rotation, and thus are unlikely to experience significant internal impingement forces. The goal of this study was to document the prevalence of superior labral lesions in patients being treated for partial-thickness undersurface rotator cuff tears. Type of Study: Retrospective case series. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 75 shoulders arthroscopically treated for partial-thickness articular-sided rotator cuff tears. With the exception of one professional tennis player, no patients were playing sports at a professional or major college level. No professional or collegiate throwing athletes were included. The prevalence of these lesions and their association with recreational athletics was noted. Results: We found that 55 of 75 (73.3%) shoulders with articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears also had superior labral lesions. A statistically significant increased prevalence of superior labral lesions in the dominant shoulder was seen ( P = .03). In addition, our patients who engaged in overhand throwing had significantly fewer superior labral lesions in the dominant shoulders than did nonthrowers ( P = .017). Conclusions: The "kissing lesions" of undersurface rotator cuff tears and posterosuperior labral damage may be explained by mechanisms other than "internal impingement."
Left portahepatic shunt: a novel technique to decrease excessive portal venous inflow during live donor liver transplantation.

A critical shortage of cadaveric livers and an increasing population on the waiting list have encouraged the development of living donor liver transplantation. Living donor liver transplantation accounts for approximately 10% of all liver transplants being performed. One problem unique to lobar transplantation relates to hepatic congestion and associated functional impairment of the transplanted lobe. This congestion is multifactorial and includes low graft-weight ratio, middle hepatic vein drainage problems, and excessive portal venous inflow. Increasing disparities of graft-weight ratios exaggerate the importance of the other two factors. Finally, animal data from asplanchnic and anhepatic models implicate the intestine as the source of tumor necrosis factor released into the circulation following portal unclamping. Tumor necrosis factor, in turn, leads to adhesion molecule upregulation and endothelial cell disruption and potentiates allograft dysfunction. Although veno-venous bypass may alleviate some of these problems, it does not prevent excessive mesenteric venous flows, nor does it prevent the tumor necrosis factor production associated with portal clamping during the portal anastomotic phase. We have recently developed the technique of temporary left portahepatic shunt. This allows portasystemic decompression during implantation and diverts mesenteric blood from the liver during the crucial period after unclamping. Early lobar congestion can be avoided, and the shunt may be left in place for as long as 2 hours while volume homeostasis is restored. This technique allows the tailoring of the portal flow to the graft size to avoid any liver congestion or dysfunction.
Nanoscience-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Arrays for Detection of Cancer Biomarker Proteins

Measurement of panels of biomarker proteins in serum, tissue or saliva holds great promise for future cancer diagnostics. Broad implementation of this approach in the clinic requires new, low cost devices for multiplexed protein detection. Advanced nanomaterials coupled with electrochemical detection have provided new opportunities for development of such devices. This chapter reviews recent research in using nanoparticle labels and multiplexed detection in protein immunosensors. It focuses in part on research in our own laboratories on ultrasensitive protein immunosensors combining nanostructured electrodes with detection particles with up to 500,000 labels that detect as little as 1 fg/mL protein in diluted serum. Our most mature multiple protein detection arrays are multiplexed microfluidic devices with 8-nanostructured sensors utilizing massively labeled magnetic particles or polymers. This approach provides reliable detection for multiple proteins at levels well below 1 pg/mL, and shows excellent correlation with referee methods. The importance of validating panels of biomarkers for reliable cancer diagnostics is also stressed.
Cognition enhancing drugs ('nootropics'): time to include coaches and team executives in doping tests?

The use of brain boosting drugs by athletes has been well documented and testing for such cognition enhancing drugs is now implemented. Largely absent from the purview of antidoping agencies, however, is the drug testing of coaches and team executives. This editorial introduces commonly used nootropics (drugs that influence cognition) and describes their on-label effects. We then examine the off-label uses of these drugs and consider whether sport organisations, if they are genuinely determined to eliminate performance enhancing drugs among all participants, should also incorporate the testing of coaches and team executives. Advances in sport analytics have changed coaching and executive roles, with decision-making acumen more important than ever. Brain enhancing drugs including modafinil (Provigil), methylphenidate (Ritalin), and dextroamphetamine (Adderall) were developed to treat sleep problems, attention deficit disorders (ADD), memory …
Springtime for CVI

Starting with the April 2016 issue of CVI, two new sections will be added to help our readers keep pace with the rapidly growing fields of vaccines and clinical immunology: CVInsights and Meeting Highlights.…
Pulmonary Carcinogenesis in Rats Given Implants of Cigarette Smoke Condensate in Beeswax Pellets

Lungs of inbred OM/NCR and outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were given implants, through a thoracotomy, of pellets of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) suspended in a beeswax-tricaprylin vehicle. The pellets slowly released material into the surrounding parenchyma, which resulted in a dose-related increased incidence of lung cancer, predominantly invasive and metastasizing epidermoid carcinoma. A 42% prevalence of pulmonary carcinoma was present in the highest dosage group, which received 67 mg CSC, exposing approximately 1.65 cm2 bronchiolar epithelium. Squamous metaplasia associated with the implanted site preceded the appearance of the carcinomas and was more severe, with the larger pellets having more concentrated CSC. No difference was observed in incidence of pulmonary carcinomas with the use of CSC containing high or low concentrations of nicotine. The potential value of this bioassay system were discussed.
Hydrologic and material budgets for a small Sonoran Desert watershed during three consecutive cloudburst floods

Precipitation and runoff chemistry were monitored during three successive summer storms on a small Sonoran Desert catchment. Both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in precipitation were high (1·38 and 0·21 mg/1 respectively) yet lower than in runoff water (2·77 and 0·39 mg/1). However, 75–90 per cent of precipitation did not run off and the storm events represented net inputs of dissolved N and P to the watershed. Antecedent storms influence both water chemistry and nutrient budgets and greatly deplete transportable particulates. Because precipitation in the Sonoran Desert is variable both temporally and spatially, caution should be excercised in attempting to construct ‘typical year’ watershed nutrient budgets. Despite low rainfall and sporadic runoff, hydrologic fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus in desert watersheds are comparable to those of mesic regions. Chloride, H+, and SO42– were retained by the watershed during these storms while HCO3− and dissolved and particulate organic matter were exported at rates higher than input by precipitation. Total dissolved solids entering in precipitation were three times export in stream flow while total particulate output greatly exceeded input in rain.
HORMONAL INFLUENCES ON THE CYTOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF SALIVARY GLANDS.

ABSTRACT After hypophysectomy, the parotid gland of the rat loses weight and its acinar epithelial cells become smaller and depleted of zymogenic granules and amylolytic activity. That the adrenal cortex and ovaries have little influence over the parotid gland is indicated by failure of the following procedures to reduce the weight or alter the cytology of the gland: adrenalectomy, gonadectomy, or suppression of the pituitary secretion of corticotropin and gonadotropins due to treatment with 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Full restoration of the gland may be effected in hypophysectomized rats by therapy with somatotropin, thyroxine and corticosterone (STC). These observations, in addition to the significant degree of involution which follows thyroidectomy, indicate that the thyroid and pituitary glands are of major importance in modulating the parotid gland. Precursors of secretion appear in the acinar epithelial cells of the submandibular gland of the rat in 3 forms: (a) granules which stain with PAS, (b) more diffusely distributed material which gives some reactions for acid mucopolysaccharide, and (c) vacuoles, the secretory significance of which is not understood. In hypophysectomized rats the acini are smaller and their cells contain less secretion than do those of pair-fed nonhypophysectomized controls. An experiment directed toward restoration of the gland with STC did not give conclusive results. On the basis of other evidence, one may infer that somatotropin and thyroid hormone are probably of major importance in regulating submandibular acini. The hormonal effects described on the parotid and submandibular acini are regarded as being nonspecific in nature.
A link-correlation-aware cross-layer protocol for IoT devices

The Internet of Things (IoT) applications is envisioned to require higher throughput protocols because of the increasing data amount. To significantly enhance the network throughput between IoT devices, this paper proposes a new link-layer data forwarding technique that is aware of link correlation (LC) and supports receiver initiated acknowledgement (RI-ACK). We also propose a multicast communication protocol based on LC-aware forwarding and RI-ACKs to further enhance the throughput. In a simulation study, our protocol improves the throughput by 35%–55% comparing to a state-of-the-art baseline.
Utilization of an introduced weed biological control agent, Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), by a native parasitoid.

Summary A native parasitoid, Kalopolynema ema (Schauff and Grissell) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), has begun utilizing a new host, Megamelus scutellaris Berg (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), the introduced biological control agent for waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae). Parasitism rates varied between outdoor M. scutellaris rearing tanks and sentinel plants placed in the field, with parasitism rates in the tanks being higher.
The Relative Importance of Sexual Dimorphism, Fluctuating Asymmetry, and Color Cues to Health during Evaluation of Potential Partners' Facial Photographs : A Conjoint Analysis Study.

Sexual dimorphism, symmetry, and coloration in human faces putatively signal information relevant to mate selection and reproduction. Although the independent contributions of these characteristics to judgments of attractiveness are well established, relatively few studies have examined whether individuals prioritize certain features over others. Here, participants (N = 542, 315 female) ranked six sets of facial photographs (3 male, 3 female) by their preference for starting long- and short-term romantic relationships with each person depicted. Composite-based digital transformations were applied such that each image set contained 11 different versions of the same identity. Each photograph in each image set had a unique combination of three traits: sexual dimorphism, symmetry, and color cues to health. Using conjoint analysis to evaluate participants' ranking decisions, we found that participants prioritized cues to sexual dimorphism over symmetry and color cues to health. Sexual dimorphism was also found to be relatively more important for the evaluation of male faces than for female faces, whereas symmetry and color cues to health were relatively more important for the evaluation of female faces than for male faces. Symmetry and color cues to health were more important for long-term versus short-term evaluations for female faces, but not male faces. Analyses of utility estimates reveal that our data are consistent with research showing that preferences for facial masculinity and femininity in male and female faces vary according to relationship context. These findings are interpreted in the context of previous work examining the influence of these facial attributes on romantic partner perception.
Complementary prioritized ensemble selection

We present a complementary ensemble selection method that utilizes a novel priority queue-based diversity measure. The method considers voting weaknesses of the current ensemble in covering the training set, and finds a classifier that can remove the highest priority weaknesses. Individual classifiers are generated using different machine learning algorithms and different parameter settings.
Effects of Self-Complementarity, Codon Optimization, Transgene, and Dose on Liver Transduction with AAV8

Numerous methods of vector design and delivery have been employed in an attempt to increase transgene expression following AAV-based gene therapy. Here, a gene transfer study was conducted in mice to compare the effects of vector self-complementarity (double- or single-stranded DNA), codon optimization of the transgene, and vector dose on transgene expression levels in the liver. Two different reporter genes were used: human ornithine transcarbamylase (hOTC) detected by immunofluorescence, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) detected by direct fluorescence. The AAV8 capsid was chosen for all experiments due to its strong liver tropism. While EGFP is already a codon-optimized version of the original gene, both wild-type (WT) and codon-optimized (co) versions of the hOTC transgene were compared in this study. In addition, the study evaluated which of the two hOTC modifications—codon optimization or self-complementarity—would confer the highest increase in expression levels at a given dose. Interes...
Endemism hotspots are linked to stable climatic refugia

BACKGROUND Centres of endemism have received much attention from evolutionists, biogeographers, ecologists and conservationists. Climatic stability is often cited as a major reason for the occurrences of these geographic concentrations of species which are not found anywhere else. The proposed linkage between endemism and climatic stability raises unanswered questions about the persistence of biodiversity during the present era of rapidly changing climate. KEY QUESTIONS The current status of evidence linking geographic centres of endemism to climatic stability over evolutionary time was examined. The following questions were asked. Do macroecological analyses support such an endemism-stability linkage? Do comparative studies find that endemic species display traits reflecting evolution in stable climates? Will centres of endemism in microrefugia or macrorefugia remain relatively stable and capable of supporting high biological diversity into the future? What are the implications of the endemism-stability linkage for conservation? CONCLUSIONS Recent work using the concept of climate change velocity supports the classic idea that centres of endemism occur where past climatic fluctuations have been mild and where mountainous topography or favourable ocean currents contribute to creating refugia. Our knowledge of trait differences between narrow endemics and more widely distributed species remains highly incomplete. Current knowledge suggests that centres of endemism will remain relatively climatically buffered in the future, with the important caveat that absolute levels of climatic change and species losses in these regions may still be large.
POSTTRAUMATIC ENDOPHTHALMITIS: An 18-Year Case Series.

PURPOSE To describe the demographics, characteristics, management, and visual outcomes of eyes diagnosed with endophthalmitis after open globe injury. METHODS Retrospective cohort analysis of all patients diagnosed with endophthalmitis after open globe injury from 1997 to 2015 at University Hospital, Newark, NJ. RESULTS Twenty-six eyes were identified (all male patients; mean age: 37 ± 15 years). Cultures were positive in 16 eyes (62%), with Staphylococcus species (7 eyes, 44%) being the most common organism. Twelve eyes (46%) presented with open globe injury and concurrent endophthalmitis; 14 eyes (54%) developed endophthalmitis a mean of 14 days after open globe repair (OGR; 1 outlier of 98 days excluded). All eyes were managed with systemic and intravitreal antibiotics. The presence of intraocular foreign body (P < 0.05) and delayed primary OGR (P < 0.03) were significantly more common with concurrent versus post-OGR endophthalmitis. Four (29%) eyes in the post-OGR endophthalmitis group had corneal wound leak after OGR. Four (15%) eyes with no light perception vision were enucleated. Ten (40%) of 25 eyes with documented best-corrected visual acuity had final best-corrected visual acuity ≥20/200; final best-corrected visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/20. CONCLUSION The presence of intraocular foreign body and delayed presentation were significantly more common with concurrent endophthalmitis. Twenty-nine percent of eyes that presented with endophthalmitis after OGR had a wound leak. Final best-corrected visual acuity ≥20/200 was achieved in 40% of cases.
Presentation of the Distinguished Public Service Award to Robert A. Howie

Mr. President, members of the society, and guests: I was happy to be one of several members of MSA who nominated R.A. Howie for the Distinguished Public Service Award. Bob is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London and winner of its Murchison Award. He is Fellow and current President of the Gemmological Association, a Fellow and onetime President of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, and last, but not least, a Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America. The reason I nominated Bob was because I couldn’t deal with the idea that I had received this award—and he hadn’t! It didn’t make sense to me. I am delighted that he asked me to introduce him. I don’t know why, but I think he was intimidated by the idea of asking Ian Carmichael to do it. Bob’s life of service to the Earth science community is truly monumental, and I will take a few moments to describe it, especially those parts that are relevant to this award. You get only a hint of it in the Award’s Luncheon Program, but …
Interaction of curcumin with berberine hydrochloride in Nanoemulsion

: Curcumin, a phytochemical, has various pharmacological uses so also is berberine hydrochloride, a phytochemical alkaloid. These chemicals are extensively used in many bodily ailments, ranging from cancer, obesity and attendant diabetes including glaucoma to anti-inflammation. However, these compounds are quite insoluble in an aqueous system, which limits their bioavailability but they are liberally soluble in nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion is a nano-sized oil droplet that is dispersed in water using a surface-active agent (surfactant), oil and a short chain alcohol. An investigation of the interaction between these pharmacologically important compounds was carried out in this medium using steady-state fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. The data obtained showed that this interaction led to the quenching of curcumin fluorescence by berberine hydrochloride with a bi-molecular quenching rate constant of 2.839 x 10 13 /M-s and an interaction constant of 3.63 x 110 3 in a 1:1molar complexation ratio. Using the Forster mechanism, the estimated Forster radius for this interaction (R o ) is estimated to be about 27.70 A and the interaction distance (r) between these reacting molecules is calculated to be about 31.40 A.
Organic Matter Sources in the Black Sea as Inferred from Hydrocarbon Distributions

Suspended and sinking particulate matter from the water column and sediment and fecal pellets from Unit I sediments were collected in the central basin of the Black Sea for organic geochemical investigations. The hydrocarbon compositions of these samples proved informative for providing information on the sources for the particulate and sedimentary organic matter. Hydrocarbons derived from planktonic, terrestrial, bacterial, and fossil sources can be distinguished. Plankton-derived hydrocarbons dominated the 53 µm particles. By contrast, 53 µm) particles in the anoxic zone contained equal amounts of hydrocarbons from all four sources. Fecal pellets and sediments contained the greatest contribution of hydrocarbons of terrestrial origin (up to 56% of total hydrocarbons).
Outcomes: Prognostic Factors, Models, and Algorithms

Renal cell carcinoma has a wide and varied clinical presentation and natural history, and this heterogeneity can be problematic when it comes to providing the individualized outcome predictions that contemporary patients crave. This heterogeneity, together with the cost and toxicity of both systemic and local therapies, underscores the need for prediction models and algorithms that can help to identify which patients will experience the most amount of therapeutic benefit and incur the least amount of treatment-related harm. Tumor stage and nuclear grade were once considered the primary determinants of overall prognosis but have now become components of more refined clinical algorithms and nomograms that incorporate clinical, pathologic, and molecular data. These prediction tools have the capability to provide individualized risk estimations in an unbiased, reproducible, and evidence-based format, and currently, models have been constructed and validated in the preoperative, postoperative, and metastatic settings for RCC. As our understanding of the implications of molecular markers continues to develop, the incorporation of these variables into existing models should improve not only our selection of systemic therapies and clinical trials but also patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Effect of Stress Ball Use or Hand-holding on Anxiety During Skin Cancer Excision: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Patients undergoing skin surgery under local anesthesia can experience anxiety. Adjuvant intraoperative anxiety reduction methods may help. Objectives To assess whether hand-holding or holding a stress ball reduces patient anxiety during excisional surgery of head or neck skin cancer with the patient under local anesthesia and to measure pain and patient satisfaction. Design, Setting, and Participants In this nonblinded, single-center randomized clinical trial, performed from January 24 through April 26, 2017, at a dermatology outpatient service in an urban, academic medical center, a consecutive sample of 135 adults who required excisional removal of nonmelanoma skin cancer of the head or neck was randomized and studied. Interventions Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to 3 groups: hand-holding, stress ball, or control (treatment as usual). Participants in the hand-holding group had a female researcher hold one of their hands during administration of anesthesia and extirpation, and those in the stress ball group held a round compressible ball and squeezed it as desired during the same period. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was anxiety, measured by a visual analog scale (VAS), 6-item State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and physiologic measures (blood pressure and heart rate). Secondary outcomes were pain during the procedure and overall participant satisfaction. In addition, participants were asked how many hours they spent researching the procedure before surgery. Results A total of 135 participants, 45 per study arm, were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 65.5 [13.9] years; 84 [62.2%] male; 134 [99.3%] white). There were no withdrawals or dropouts. Anxiety decreased over time in all groups, but no significant differences were found in the 3 anxiety measures across the 3 groups (VAS anxiety score before: control group, 3.11; hand-holding group, 3.04; stress ball group, 3.09 [P > .99]; VAS anxiety score during: control group, 1.89; hand-holding group, 2.31; stress ball group, 2.47 [P = .55]; STAI score: control group, 8.91; hand-holding group, 8.93; stress ball group, 8.76 [P = .96]). The 3 groups also did not significantly differ in postprocedure pain scores (control group, 0.78; hand-holding group, 0.64; stress ball group, 0.67;P = .85). Almost all participants (134 [99.2%]) were very satisfied. Participants who had done research had higher preoperative VAS anxiety scores (researched, 3.84; did not research, 2.62;P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance Hand-holding and squeezing a stress ball do not appear to provide incremental anxiety reduction in patients during excisional skin cancer surgery. It is possible that some subgroups may respond better or that patients may respond better when able to select and tailor their preferred anxiety reduction method. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02816996
La tierra para el que la trabaja: política y género en la reforma agraria chilena

The Chilean Agrarian Reform, a project of modernization and radical social transformation, included peasant women as well as male farmers through a model of “modern family” in which the man would become the breadwinner for the family and the producer for the nation, while the woman would become a modern housewife. This project would benefit married women, but it made them more economically dependent on their husbands, which caused serious marital conflicts. For the single and young women, the Agrarian Reform was different, it offered more social and work opportunities to them. This created a new rural youth culture that caused new conflicts between mothers and daughters.
Physical activity mediates the association between striatal dopamine transporter availability and cognition in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Objective Associations between cognition and nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficits in Parkinson's disease have been documented in the literature, but are incompletely understood. Here we studied the extent to which physical activity mediates the relationship between striatal dopamine transporter availability and global cognition among patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods Data from 174 patients from a multi-center study were analyzed using regression-based mediation analysis. Striatal dopamine transporter binding ratio (SBR), Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate patients’ dopamine transporter availability (DAT), physical activity, and global cognition respectively at the time of testing. Confidence intervals (CI) of 95% were established using a bootstrapping approach to test the statistical significance of the direct, indirect (i.e., mediation), and total effects of the mediation model. Results As hypothesized, the positive mediating effect of physical activity in the association between DAT and global cognition was significant, while adjusting for age (95% CI [0.0030, 0.3942]). Specifically, higher SBRs were positively associated with PASE scores, which in turn, were positively associated with MoCA scores. Secondary analyses revealed a similar positive mediation effect of physical activity for DAT in the caudate and putamen separately (95% CI [0.0377, 0.4231] and [0.0211, 1.1000], respectively). Conclusion We report that the relationship of dopamine transporter availability with global cognition in Parkinson's disease is mediated by physical activity. Pending further research for specific recommendations, interventions to increase physical activity as tolerated should be considered in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Service value and retention: Does gender matter?

Abstract Using the comprehensive service evaluation model and the three-component model of commitment as backdrop, this study investigates the moderating role of gender on the service value-service retention relationship and examines the impact of the initial purchase experience on the value-retention relationship within the automotive service repair (ASR) industry. Employing a survey of 128 automobile dealer customers, logistic regression analyses show that service value (i.e., convenient hours, quality, friendliness), as well as length of ownership influence service retention. Also, gender moderates the service value dimensions and service retention relationship such that various components of service value (convenient hours, friendliness and quality) were significant predictors of service retention whereas service value (friendliness, quality) were significant predictors of service retention for females. In addition, length of ownership and initial purchase experience are significant predictors of service retention for females, but not for males.
DISTRIBUTED INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

A multi-database model of distributed information retrieval is presented, in which people are assumed to have access to many searchable text databases. In such an environment, full-text information retrieval consists of discovering database contents, ranking databases by their expected ability to satisfy the query, searching a small number of databases, and merging results returned by different databases. This paper presents algorithms for each task. It also discusses how to reorganize conventional test collections into multi-database testbeds, and evaluation methodologies for multi-database experiments. A broad and diverse group of experimental results is presented to demonstrate that the algorithms are effective, efficient, robust, and scalable.
A resurgence in urban living? Trends in residential location patterns of young and older adults since 2000

Some have heralded a resurgence of urban living in the U.S., particularly among young adults. Are Americans abandoning suburbs in favor of more urban lifestyles? What is the scope and scale of this...
Why do they do it? Differences in high-intensity exercise-affect between those with higher and lower intensity preference and tolerance

Abstract Evidence suggests high-intensity exercise results in a more negative affective response when compared to moderate- or low-intensity exercise. However, a large number of individuals continue participating in high-intensity exercise, in spite of these supposed declines in affective state. Purpose Determine whether trait differences influence variability in exercise-affect for those with higher versus lower exercise intensity preference and/or tolerance, and determine the mediating relationship between traits, exercise behavior, and affective states. Methods Undergraduates (N = 245, 20.3 ± 1.7 yrs, BMI = 23.7 ± 3.8, 60.8% female, 82% regular exercisers) completed the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire. They then completed a 15-min high-intensity body-weight circuit (HIC), a walk, and a reading condition, where valence (via Feeling Scale), perceived physiological activation (via Felt Arousal Scale), and ratings of perceived exertion were taken prior to, every 3-min during, and 20-min post (P20) condition, while activity enjoyment was assessed immediately post. Results Multivariate ANOVAs revealed significant differences (ps Conclusions These findings suggest the intensity-preference trait influences how an individual feels during high-intensity exercise, but has less influence on affect during moderate/lower intensity activities. These differences may be predictive of whether an individual will continue high-intensity exercise programming.
Integrating natural history collections and comparative genomics to study the genetic architecture of convergent evolution

Evolutionary convergence has been long considered primary evidence of adaptation driven by natural selection and provides opportunities to explore evolutionary repeatability and predictability. In ...
Super-Resolution DOA Estimation for Arbitrary Array Geometries Using a Single Noisy Snapshot

We address the problem of search-free DOA estimation from a single noisy snapshot for sensor arrays of arbitrary geometry, by extending a method of gridless super-resolution beamforming to arbitrary arrays with noisy measurements. The primal atomic norm minimization problem is converted to a dual problem in which the periodic dual function is represented with a trigonometric polynomial using truncated Fourier series. The number of terms required for accurate representation depends linearly on the distance of the farthest sensor from a reference. The dual problem is then expressed as a semidefinite program and solved in polynomial time. DOA estimates are obtained via polynomial rooting followed by a LASSO based approach to remove extraneous roots arising in root finding from noisy data, and then source amplitudes are recovered by least squares. Simulations using circular and random planar arrays show high resolution DOA estimation in white and colored noise scenarios.
Seasonality of respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens

Seasonal variation has been observed for various bacterial and viral infections. We aimed to further study seasonality of respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens in relation to antibiotic use, as well as meteorological parameters. An ecologic study of antibiotic exposure, meteorological parameters, detection of respiratory viruses and clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (grouped together as gram-negative bacteria; GNB) in Rhode Island from 2012 to 2016. Peak detection of C. difficile occurred 3 months after the peak in antibiotic prescriptions filled (OR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.07–1.43; P = 0.006). Peak MRSA detection was noted 7 months after the peak in antibiotic prescriptions filled (OR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.21–2.35; P = 0.003) and 10 months after the peak in respiratory virus detection (OR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01–1.06; P = 0.003). Peak GNB detection was noted 2 months after the peak mean monthly ambient temperature (OR = 1.69, 95% C.I., 1.20–2.39; P = 0.004). Peak detection of S. pneumoniae was noted at the same time as the peak in detection of respiratory viruses (OR = 1.01, 95% C.I., 1.00–1.01; P = 0.015). We identified distinct seasonal variation in detection of respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens. C. difficile seasonality may, in part, be related to antibiotic prescriptions filled; GNB seasonality may be related to ambient temperature and S. pneumoniae may be related to concurrent respiratory viral infections.
Trayectorias de las editoras profesionales del fin del siglo XIX en Chile

espanolRESUMEN: En este trabajo se revisan las biografias de mujeres editoras de medios de prensa en Chile en el fin del siglo XIX. A partir de sus trayectorias vitales se problematiza la relacion de las mujeres con la profesionalizacion y el ingreso al campo cultural en un momento critico para la conformacion de este. Se establece una definicion de editora considerando la transformacion de la misma de acuerdo al contexto historico. Se demuestra que el ser editora fue una forma de ingreso al campo cultural, que les permitio a las mujeres salvar normas de genero. La especializacion como editoras las convirtio en profesionales a traves de estrategias de autoformacion y ocupando las escasas posibilidades de educacion formal con que contaban en ese momento. EnglishABSTRACT: This paper studies biographies of paper’s women editors in Chile at the end of the 19th century. Considering their trajectories, I analyse the relationship between women and professionalization and the access to the cultural field in a critical moment for its conformation. A definition of women editor is made which considers a transformation according to historical context. It is demonstrated that to be an editor was a way to access to cultural field. This permits women manage gender norms. The specialization as editors made them professionals. They developed strategies of self-education taking advantage of the few possibilities of formal education available in that moment.
Addictions Counseling: A Competency-Based Approach: by Cynthia A. Faulkner and Samuel S. Faulkner, New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 2019, 237 pp., $55 (paperback), ISBN #978-0190926854

In Addictions Counseling, Cynthia and Samuel Faulkner provide a concise and valuable guide to substance abuse treatment that can help students and new practitioners begin to understand an immense b...
On-site measurement of heat of hydration of delivered mass concrete

Abstract In this study, measurements of the heat of hydration of mass concrete delivered on-site were proposed. A one-meter concrete cube, cast adjacent to the real structure, was developed as an on-site semi-adiabatic calorimeter. A table was established for the required insulation of the cube in different ambient temperatures. To simplify the measurement process and cost, a method was developed to obtain the concrete adiabatic temperature rise (ATR) by simply using the measured temperature at the center of the cube. The finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the required insulation for various ambient conditions between −10 to 30 °C so that the ATR could be accurately estimated using only the measured center temperature. The predicted ATR and the actual ATR showed less than 1% error. The proposed heat of hydration measurement was tested during four on-site field castings at three different districts in West Virginia. Two of the field batches contained 50% Grade 100 ground granulated blast furnace slag replacements. The fourth field batch had 30% Class F fly ash replacement. The material collected from each field test was also used to perform laboratory adiabatic and isothermal heat of hydration measurements. The ATR calculated from the on-site cube data compared well with the results from both adiabatic and isothermal calorimetry tests. The heat of hydration parameters were successfully obtained based on the ATR calculated from each on-site casting. Results show that the proposed on-site heat measurement can be a simple and accurate approach to measure the heat of hydration of a delivered concrete batch.
The NIFFTE project

The Neutron Induced Fission Fragment Tracking Experiment (NIFFTE) is a double-sided Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with micromegas readout designed to measure the energy-dependent neutron-induced fission cross sections of the major and minor actinides with unprecedented accuracy. The NIFFTE project addresses the challenge of minimizing major sources of systematic uncertainties from previous fission chamber measurements such as: target and beam non-uniformities, misidentification of alpha and light charged particles as fission fragments, and uncertainties inherent to the reference standards used. In-beam tests of the NIFFTE TPC at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) started in 2010 and have continued in 2011, 2012 and 2013. An overview of the NIFFTE TPC status and performance at LANSCE will be presented.
Recent Trends in Youth Concussions: A Brief Report.

ObjectivesConcussions and mild traumatic brain injuries are important medical issues, particularly among youth as the long-term health consequences of these injuries can become increasingly problem...
Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions.

Lipid bilayers form the main matrix of cell membranes and are the primary platform for nutrient exchange, protein-membrane interactions, and viral budding, among other vital cellular processes. For efficient biological activity, cell membranes should be rigid enough to maintain the integrity of the cell and its compartments yet fluid enough to allow membrane components, such as proteins and functional domains, to diffuse and interact. This delicate balance of elastic and fluid membrane properties, and their impact on biological function, necessitate a better understanding of collective membrane dynamics over mesoscopic length and time scales of key biological processes, e.g., membrane deformations and protein binding events. Among the techniques that can effectively probe this dynamic range is neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy. Combined with deuterium labeling, NSE can be used to directly access bending and thickness fluctuations as well as mesoscopic dynamics of select membrane features. This paper provides a brief description of the NSE technique and outlines the procedures for performing NSE experiments on liposomal membranes, including details of sample preparation and deuteration schemes, along with instructions for data collection and reduction. The paper also introduces data analysis methods used to extract key membrane parameters, such as the bending rigidity modulus, area compressibility modulus, and in-plane viscosity. To illustrate the biological importance of NSE studies, select examples of membrane phenomena probed by NSE are discussed, namely, the effect of additives on membrane bending rigidity, the impact of domain formation on membrane fluctuations, and the dynamic signature of membrane-protein interactions.