cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of an inpatient disease management program

Objective To describe the development and implementation of an inpatient disease management program. Study design Prospective observational study. Patients and methods On the basis of opportunities for improving quality or efficiency of inpatient and emergency department care, 4 diagnoses, including congestive heart failure (CHF), gastrointestinal hemorrhage, community-acquired pneumonia and sickle-cell crisis were selected for implementation of a disease management program. For each diagnosis, a task force assembled a disease management team led by a "physician champion" and nurse care manager and identified opportunities for improvement through medical literature review and interviews with caregivers. A limited number of disease-specific guidelines and corresponding interventions were selected with consensus of the team and disseminated to caregivers. Physician and nurse team leaders were actively involved in patient care to facilitate adherence to guidelines. Results For quarter 2 to 4 of 1997, there were improvements in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, daily weight compliance, assessment of left ventricular function, hospital costs, and length of stay for care-managed patients with CHF. Differences in utilization-related outcomes persisted even after adjustment for severity of illness. For the other 3 diagnoses, the observational period was shorter (quarter 4 only), and hence preliminary data showed similar hospital costs and length of stay for care-managed and noncare-managed patients. Conclusions An interdisciplinary approach to inpatient disease management resulted in substantial improvements in both quality and efficiency of care for patients with CHF. Additional data are needed to determine the program's impact on outcomes of other targeted diagnoses.
Nonparametric Density Estimation

Nonparametric techniques consist of sophisticated alternatives to traditional parametric models for studying multivariate data. What makes these alternative techniques so appealing to the data analyst is that they make no specific distributional assumptions and, thus, can be employed as an initial exploratory look at the data. In this chapter, we discuss methods for nonparametric estimation of a probability density function.
Handling sentinel lymph node biopsy specimens.A work in progress.

This article reviews the "state of practice" with regard to sentinel lymph node biopsy, a new and evolving technique currently used most commonly for staging of malignant melanoma and adenocarcinoma of the breast. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has the potential to both increase the accuracy of lymph node sampling as a prognostic tool and to decrease the need for unnecessary and morbid extensive lymph node dissection in such patients. The need for close cooperation and planning involving the surgeon and pathologist is stressed, and gross room tissue handling, radiation safety, microscopic examination, and the use of ancillary diagnostic techniques are discussed.
Amine Receptors in CNS. III. 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Brain

The nature and scope of this topic largely depend on how one defines 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) “receptors.” If one accepts as evidence for the existence of 5-HT receptors merely the fact that a cell responds to 5-HT regardless of dose, route of administration, or region of brain, then the topic becomes a broad one indeed. However, the physiological significance of 5-HT receptors so defined is rather doubtful if the sites in question are not normally acted on by 5-HT. A more meaningful study of 5-HT receptors would be closely linked to the identification of physiological sites of 5-HT action. In this context, of prime importance is the question of whether 5-HT functions primarily as a neurotransmitter in the brain. Although it has been known for many years that 5-HT is present in brain (Twarog and Page, 1953; Amin et al., 1954), it was not until recently that brain 5-HT was shown to be primarily a constituent of neuronal cells. This essential fact was finally uncovered as a result of direct histochemical studies. Even prior to the histochemical work, however, Heller et al. (1962) and Heller and Moore (1965) showed that several days after a lesion was made in the medial forebrain bundle a widespread depletion of forebrain 5-HT occurred. The rate of 5-HT depletion had a time course corresponding to the rate of neuronal degeneration, implying that 5-HT neuronal pathways were present in the brain.
Die Weitwinkel-Konusantenne

Wir wenden uns in diesem und dem folgenden Kapitel der Behandlung zweier spezieller raumlicher Strahler zu, deren Abmessungen in der Grosenordnung der erregenden Wellenlange liegen. Es ist nicht die Absicht, diese Probleme, denen ein ausgedehntes Schrifttum gewidmet ist, in aller Vollstandigkeit zu behandeln. Hierzu sei vielmehr auf die einschlagige Literatur verwiesen*).
Finding time in a future Internet

In contemporary discourse, technological time is generally articulated as interface speed, human memory, or user attention. Philosophers of technology such as Bernard Stiegler and Paul Virilio, software studies scholars such as Wendy Chun and Alex Galloway, and sociologists such as Barbara Adam and Manuel Castells all suggest that the time of technology is bound with the cultural, political, and economic structure of contemporary society. What these fields leave relatively undertheorized is how technology is built in relation to concepts of time . This paper supplies an answer, derived from interviews and document data regarding a real-time videoconferencing application named Flume, which runs on Named Data Networking (NDN), a NSF-funded Future Internet Architecture (FIA) project that is currently underway.
Maritime Sudden Mass Casualty Incidents

On a cruise ship, there is an average of two physicians and three nurses on call for emergencies 24 h a day. Both the doctors and nurses are emergency medicine specialists.
Combinatorial design of multimeric chelating peptoids for selective metal coordination

Current methods for metal chelation are generally based on multidentate organic ligands, which are generated through cumbersome multistep synthetic processes that lack flexibility for systematically varying metal-binding motifs. Octadentate ligands incorporating hydroxypyridinone or catecholamide binding moieties onto a spermine scaffold are known to display some of the highest affinities towards f-elements. Enhancing binding affinity for specific lanthanide or actinide ions however, necessitates ligand architectures that allow for modular and high throughput synthesis. Here we introduce a high-throughput combinatorial library of 16 tetrameric N-substituted glycine oligomers (peptoids) containing hydroxypyridinone or catecholamide chelating units linked via an ethylenediamine bridge and, for comparison, we also synthesized the corresponding mixed ligands derived from the spermine scaffold: 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO)2(CAM)2 and 3,4,3-LI(CAM)2(1,2-HOPO)2. Coordination-based luminescence studies were carried out with Eu3+ and Tb3+ to begin probing the properties of the new ligand architecture and revealed higher sensitization efficiency with the spermine scaffold as well as different spectroscopic features among the structural peptoid isomers. Solution thermodynamic properties of selected ligands revealed different coordination properties between the spermine and peptoid analogues with Eu3+ stability constants log β110 ranging from 28.88 ± 3.45 to 43.97 ± 0.49. The general synthetic strategy presented here paves the way for precision design of new specific and versatile ligands, with a variety of applications tailored towards the use of f-elements, including separations, optical device optimization, and pharmaceutical development.
Beyond Adaptive Submodularity: Adaptive Influence Maximization with Intermediary Constraints.

We consider a brand with a given budget that wants to promote a product over multiple rounds of influencer marketing. In each round, it commissions an influencer to promote the product over a social network, and then observes the subsequent diffusion of the product before adaptively choosing the next influencer to commission. This process terminates when the budget is exhausted. We assume that the diffusion process follows the popular Independent Cascade model. We also consider an online learning setting, where the brand initially does not know the diffusion parameters associated with the model, and has to gradually learn the parameters over time. Unlike in existing models, the rounds in our model are correlated through an intermediary constraint: each user can be commissioned for an unlimited number of times. However, each user will spread influence without commission at most once. Due to this added constraint, the order in which the influencers are chosen can change the influence spread, making obsolete existing analysis techniques that based on the notion of adaptive submodularity. We devise a sample path analysis to prove that a greedy policy that knows the diffusion parameters achieves at least $1-1/e - \epsilon$ times the expected reward of the optimal policy. In the online-learning setting, we are the first to consider a truly adaptive decision making framework, rather than assuming independent epochs, and adaptivity only within epochs. Under mild assumptions, we derive a regret bound for our algorithm. In our numerical experiments, we simulate information diffusions on four Twitter sub-networks, and compare our UCB-based learning algorithms with several baseline adaptive seeding strategies. Our learning algorithm consistently outperforms the baselines and achieves rewards close to the greedy policy that knows the true diffusion parameters.
Lessons From My Father.

Spring 2005 was the first major period of uncertainty in my life. I was in my final semester of high school and experiencing a growing apprehension about leaving my family to attend college on the other side of the country. That April, our family accompanied my father, Dr Michael Wayne Shannon, on a business trip to India. Soon after returning, I developed progressively worsening myalgias, neck stiffness, and fevers. My parents brought me to Boston Children’s Hospital, where my father was the Chief of Emergency Medicine. In the corner of the emergency bay stood my father, his measured demeanor belying his concern. He and his colleagues agreed that I would need a lumbar puncture. He calmly explained what the procedure entailed. One of his emergency pediatric fellows would perform the procedure, but he would be by my side for its entirety. The fellow made several unsuccessful attempts before passing the spinal needle to my father’s senior colleague. He was also unable to extract fluid. Finally, my father decided he would make a final attempt. He removed his impeccably tied bowtie, rolled up his sleeves, prepared for the procedure, and with one attempt achieved a champagne tap. My father died suddenly on March 10, 2009, at the age of 55. He succumbed to a massive pulmonary embolism after returning home from a tango festival with my mother, his favorite dance partner and the love of his life. At … Address correspondence to Evan Michael Shannon, MD, MPH, Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120. E-mail: eshannon2{at}bwh.harvard.edu
Political ecology and the industrial food system.

Abstract Much agricultural production in the United States and Europe since the 1930s, and in Asia, Africa, and Latin America since the 1970s, can be called “industrial” to describe how aspects of farm production resemble processes in industrial manufacturing. This shift in agricultural logic moved millions of people out of rural communities and into cities, increasing total agricultural production while creating new markets for agricultural technologies and consolidating agricultural work through vertically integrated agribusiness. Meanwhile, food insecurity and rural distress have remained stubbornly persistent. In this paper, I explore the disjuncture of increased production and increased precarity through the theoretical framework of political ecology. I present data from ethnographic fieldwork in on genetically modified (GM) cotton farms in India to argue that solutions to precarity in the contemporary globalized agricultural system will require political and social change, not merely the addition of new technologies and new choices. In fact, increases in new branded products may exacerbate underlying risk and insecurity for farmer producers.
Chapter 16 – Compliance and Resonance

Publisher Summary Mechanical resonance is one of the most pervasive problems in motion control. Resonance is caused by compliance between two or more components in the mechanical transmission. The most common cause of resonance is a compliant coupling between motor and load. Electromagnetic torque directly drives the motor inertia, causing motor acceleration, which integrates to motor velocity, and then to motor position. The load torque accelerates the load inertia, which integrates to load velocity and then to load position. The same torque that the motor transmits to drive the load is transmitted back from the load to slow the motor. The interaction of motor and load through a compliant coupling can be envisioned with a simple thought experiment. Two types of second-order filters are also used to deal with resonance. Notch filters provide a great deal of attenuation over a narrow band of frequencies and they do so without injecting significant phase lag at lower frequencies. Notch filters provide a narrow band of attenuation, which is effective for the narrow gain spike of tuned resonance.
Salvage Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma After Prior Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

PURPOSEImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The safety and activity of the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab in patients who have...
Love Hurts?: Identifying Abuse in the Virgin-Beast Trope of Popular Romantic Fiction

Popular romantic fiction dating back to the 1700s often portrays a submissive/virginal female character and an aggressive/beastly male character. This binary portrayal of heterosexual relationships is problematic because it presents a power imbalance within the couple as essential for romance. Although several scholars have described this phenomenon, it has yet to be named and applied to violence prevention work. In response, the purpose of this study is to develop the term “virgin-beast trope” to capture this relationship dynamic and situate this concept within the larger body of relationship violence research. We use three of the most popular romantic fiction films (Beauty and the Beast, Twilight, and Fifty Shades of Grey) to illustrate the virgin-beast trope and demonstrate its continuity from childhood to adulthood. We then use the Abuse Litmus Test to identify examples of relationship abuse embedded within the virgin-beast trope as evidenced in these films. Although unhealthy features of these three relationships are often masked in romanticization, the inherent disproportional power dynamic of the virgin-beast trope results in the male partners using their ‘beastly power’ through threats, intimidation, isolation, and stalking to control the subordinate and virginal female partner. In response, the female partners try to ‘tame the beast’, but ultimately suffer harm as a result. The prominent virgin-beast trope across romantic fiction could be added to existing media literacy education to support more engaging conversations that address relationship violence prevention across developmental stages.
Evaluating the Exfoliation Efficiency of Quasi-2D Metal Diboride Nanosheets Using Hansen Solubility Parameters

Non-van der Waals (non-vdW) solids are emerging sources of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets that can be produced via liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE), and are beginning to expand our understanding of ...
A Rare Case of Addison's Disease Presenting With Intermittent Pancytopenia and Cardiac Tamponade.

Objective To report the first case, to our knowledge, of intermittent pancytopenia and cardiac tamponade occurring together in association with Autoimmune Addison's Disease (AAD). Methods A 21 year-old woman presented on three different occasions with multiple complaints. Her evaluation was significant for intermittent pancytopenia (white blood cell, 1.3-3.0 × 103/μL [normal 4.5-11 × 103]; hemoglobin, 8.8-9.6 g/dL [11-16]; and platelets, 102-117 × 103/μL [150-400 × 103/μL]) and pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade. Further investigation including a morning serum cortisol level of 0.6 μg/dL (5.27-22.45 μg/dL), adrenocorticotropic hormone level of 1027 pg/mL (normal 6-50 pg/mL), and positive 21-hydroxylase antibodies confirmed the diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency due to AAD. Treatment with steroids resulted in prompt hemodynamic recovery with normalization of all blood cell lines. Results The diagnosis of AAD is often delayed or overlooked. Pancytopenia occurring in AAD is most likely due to either marrow suppression in the setting of acute illness and exacerbated by hypoadrenalism or possibly an autoimmune-mediated marrow reaction. Pericarditis with cardiac tamponade has been described in AAD occurring in the setting of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type II. The pathogenesis involves autoimmune inflammation of the pericardium, which precipitates an acute inflammatory reaction and rapid fluid accumulation. Conclusion Pericarditis with cardiac tamponade and intermittent neutropenia may be rare manifestations of an Addisonian crisis.
Anterior Chamber Retained Lens Fragments After Cataract Surgery: A Case Series and Narrative Review.

Introduction Retained lens fragments in the anterior chamber following cataract extraction (CE) with phacoemulsification are rare but can lead to significant patient morbidity. Our study aimed to identify risk factors associated with retained lens fragments. Methods Patients who underwent cataract surgery and subsequently identified to have retained lens fragments in the anterior segment were included. Incidence per year, patient demographics, visual acuity, ocular biometrics, surgical technique, surgeon performing CE, and outcomes were collected retrospectively and compared to a control group. Results Twenty-four patients were identified with retained lens fragments, with an incidence of 0.10%. The mean age was 76 years ±6.72 (60-80) compared to 63 ±11.41 (22-86) in the control group (p <0.001). Patients with UDVA 20/150 or worse experienced a greater average improvement in visual acuity compared to patients with UDVA better than 20/150 (logMAR 0.46 vs logMAR 0.05). The mean intraocular pressures before (CE), after CE but before fragment removal, and following fragment removal were 14 mmHg ±2.59, 19 mmHg ±8.20, and 11 mmHg ±2.75, respectively. Twenty-two patients presented with inferiorly located fragments. Statistically significant biometrics include mean anterior chamber depth (3.1 mm ±0.37 vs 3.33 mm ±0.39, p = 0.01) and lens thickness (4.77 mm ±0.44 vs 4.35 mm ±0.44, p = <0.001). Yearly incidence rates per surgeon ranged from 0.00% to 0.85%. In 2003 and 2004, one surgeon had significantly higher incidence rates (0.31 and 0.40%) compared to the average combined rate of all surgeons throughout the study (0.10), with p values of 0.001 and 0.003, respectively. The mean number of days between CE and fragment removal was 26 ±40 (1-138). Conclusion Increased patient age, shallow anterior chamber depth, and thick lens may be risk factors for retained lens fragments. There may be additional surgeon-specific risk factors. Phacoemulsification technique (Divide-and-Conquer versus Horizontal Chop) showed no significant difference.
Automating the Assembly of Security Assurance Case Fragments

This paper presents an approach and tools for automatic generation of security assurance case fragments using patterns for arguing the security of cyber physical systems. The fragments are generated using augmented Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) and can succinctly convey a system’s resilience to cyber-threats specified in MITRE’s Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification (CAPEC). The GSN schema has been augmented with additional metadata that can be used for visually tracing back to component-level CAPEC threats from higher-level cyber security claims, enabling designers to easily locate flaws in a model when one or more claims cannot be substantiated. An implementation of the approach as a part of the Verification Evidence and Resilient Design in Anticipation of Cybersecurity Threats (VERDICT) toolchain has also been demonstrated along with a case study of a package delivery drone.
Examining Some of Students’ Views on the Nature of Science (NOS) in Traditional Lecture Format Teaching Environment

The preparation of a scientifically literate society is the main goal of science education throughout the world and this has resulted in the emphasis of nature of science in the curriculum. The purpose of this research project is to examine the aforementioned students’ views on NOS tenets, its relationship to their academic achievements and background, and how it changes through their study of science. The study took place at the City College of New York, an urban, commuter, public college, and minority serving institute. The research data was collected through the administration of a survey that contained three of the NOS questions and academic and background information about the students. The data suggest that students possess inadequate understanding of the nature of science when they begin their academic fields of science study. This inadequate understanding is resistant to change in traditional science teaching settings. The data provide evidence that the inadequate understanding of nature of science does not change as the result of exposure to science courses, the field of science studied, and the students’ academic achievement as measured by grade point average. Our data show that traditional instruction in college science courses does not address nature of science and does not cause a conceptual change in the students’ understanding of NOS. The lack of correlation between students’ understanding of nature of science and credits completed or grade point average could be attributed to students relying on rote-learning and algorithmic problem-solving to achieve high grades and succeed in science, which hinders their meaningful learning of science and the development of conceptual understanding. Thus, science teaching and instruction should address naive conception on the NOS and changes the instruction methods to consider NOS naive conceptions and learning challenges. Science teaching and learning curriculum and instruction should immerse students in science learning activities that nurtures their understanding of the nature of science through participating in novel science research and inquiry-based learning activities.
A Characterization of Gaussian Distributions by Signs of Even Cumulants

Let f (t) be a characteristic function, analytic in some neighborhood of the origin, and let \(\{ {{\kappa }_{{2j}}}\} _{{j = 1}}^{\infty }\) be a sequence of its even cumulants. According to a classical result of Marcinkiewitz, if all but finitely many cumulants are 0, then f is Gaussian. In this chapter, we prove the following generalization. Denote by λn, the sequence of sign changes in the sequence \(\{ {{( - 1)}^{j}}{{\kappa }_{{2j}}}\} _{{j = 1}}^{\infty }\). If f has no zeros on the real line and \(\sum\nolimits_{{n = 1}}^{\infty } {1/{{\lambda }_{n}} 0 for all j > j 0.
The Way Forward: Underserved Clients, Underemployeed Lawyers -- What Can Law Schools Do?

Some lawyers are in the position where they would find it difficult to afford to hire themselves if they needed an attorney. The “twin crises” of underserved clients and underemployed lawyers might seem like a problem that would correct itself if we had a market that was working efficiently, but that does not appear to be the case.This Article suggests that these are multifaceted problems, reflecting not just specific challenges facing law schools, such as declining applicants, declining minority enrollment, dramatic increases in law school tuition, falling salaries and too few jobs for graduates, and the high costs of clinical education, but also the “twin crises” are affected by a number of disquieting problems within the larger American economy and culture, including stubbornly high unemployment, falling median household income, the growing gap between the wealthy and poor in America, and trends with respect to marriage and family.This Article focuses on what law schools can do to address these two problems. The Article’s recommendations reflect mainly what we already know about contemporary legal education: law schools should become more affordable, law schools should emphasize public service, law schools should admit more students who are likely to serve middle-class clients, and law schools should focus on preparing students for today’s job markets.The Article makes two modest proposals: eliminating the per student expenditure factor in law school rankings and facilitating market corrections rather than trying to engineer macro solutions. The Article concludes by expressing skepticism about some “big ideas” that currently seem quite popular: reducing law school to two years or implementing a third-year apprenticeship.
Discovering the Higgs boson with low mass muon pairs

Many models of electroweak symmetry breaking have an additional light pseudoscalar. If the Higgs boson can decay to a new pseudoscalar, LEP searches for the Higgs can be significantly altered and the Higgs can be as light as 86 GeV. Discovering the Higgs boson in these models is challenging when the pseudoscalar is lighter than 10 GeV because it decays dominantly into tau leptons. In this paper, we discuss discovering the Higgs in a subdominant decay mode where one of the pseudoscalars decays to a pair of muons. This search allows for potential discovery of a cascade-decaying Higgs boson with the complete Tevatron data set or early data at the LHC.
The administration of pre-hospital ketamine for chemical restraint does not prolong on-scene times compared to haloperidol based sedation

Introduction Agitated patients who present a danger to themselves or emergency medical services (EMS) providers may require chemical restraints. Haloperidol is employed for chemical restraint in many EMS services. Recently, ketamine has been introduced as an alternate option for prehospital sedation. On-scene time is a unique metric in prehospital medicine which has been linked to outcomes in multiple patient populations. When used for chemical restraint, the impact of ketamine relative to haloperidol on on-scene time is unknown. Objective: To evaluate whether the use of ketamine for chemical restraint was associated with a clinically significant (≥5 minute) increased on-scene time compared to a haloperidol based regimen. Methods Patients who received haloperidol or ketamine for chemical restraint were identified by retrospective chart review. On-scene time was compared between groups using an unadjusted Student t-test powered to 80% to detect a ≥5 minute difference in on-scene time. Results 110 cases were abstracted (Haloperidol = 55; Ketamine = 55). Of the patients receiving haloperidol, 11/55 (20%) were co-administered a benzodiazepine, 4/55 (7%) received diphenhydramine and 34/55 (62%) received the three drugs in combination. There were no demographic differences between the haloperidol and ketamine groups. On-scene time was not statistically different for patients receiving a haloperidol based regimen compared to ketamine (18.2 minutes, [95% CI 15.7-20.8] vs. 17.6 minutes, [95% CI 15.1-20.0]; p = 0.71). Conclusions The use of prehospital ketamine for chemical restraint was not associated with a clinically significant (≥5 minute) increased on-scene time compared to a haloperidol based regimen.
Plasticizer, Di(2-ethylhexyl)Phthalate (DEHP), exposure in neonatal ECMO vs. near-miss ECMO patients

Objective: The plastic used in many medical devices is composed primarily of the plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is made flexible by treating it with chemical compounds ca lled plasticizers. The most commonly used plasticizer is di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The general population is exposed daily to DEHP and one of its many metabolites, mono(2- ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), primarily through food and aerosolization of environmental exposure. Exposure rises dramatically in premature or ill neonates, who are exposed to medical devices including enteral, blood and infusion bags, tubes and infusion devices. The rate of leaching of DEHP depends on many factors, including contact with lipophilic solutions and the amount of DEHP found in the product. Highly lipophilic substances readily extract plasticizers from PVC bags and tubes. Our objective was to determine the concentration of DEHP and MEHP in the urine of infants undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and near-miss ECMO to determine if ECMO results in increased concentrations of DEHP and MEHP in the urine. Study design: Using an in vivo prospective comparative study design, we evaluated 12 term or near-term neonates requiring ECMO. Our control population included 17 neonates with similar underlying diagnoses, referred to our NICU for ECMO but who ultimately responded to maximal medical therapy without ECMO. Two baseline urine samples were collected on admission to the NICU for DEHP and MEHP analysis on both the ECMO and near-miss populations. Daily urine samples were collected sequentially for five days in both populations. Urine sample s were collected prior to discharge/transfer for both popul ations. Urinary DEHP and MEHP analysis was performed using tandem mass spectroscopy. Demographic data was collected for each patient. Results: We enrolled a total of twenty-nine patients in the study. All patients were transported to our NICU from outside birthing centers. Twelve neonates required ECMO support. The other seventeen patients responded to maximal medical therapy without
Rotational Attenuation of Second Sound in Helium II

Second sound attenuation is measured, by a pulse technique, in the annulus between two concentric cylinders, the outer one of which is in motion and the inner one at rest. The results are compared with (a) previous measurements in which the inner cylinder moves and the outer one is at rest, and (b) an experiment due to Hall and Vinen in which helium is rotated in a bucket at constant velocity.
Effect of desialylation of very low-density lipoproteins on their catabolism by lipoprotein lipase.

Abstract Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain sialylated apolipoproteins (apo) (eg, apo CIII1–3) that inhibit apo CII activation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and also uptake of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins by the liver. Hypertriglyceridemic patients can have an excess of sialylated apo CIII (apo CIII1 or apo CIII2) in VLDL. These observations have prompted the notion that sialic acid in VLDL may impede LPL or receptor-mediated clearance of VLDL and thus result in hypertriglyceridemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether desialylation of VLDL altered their property as a substrate for LPL. VLDL isolated from five hypertriglyceridemic patients was desialylated with neuraminidase, labeled with a fluorescent probe, dansyl phosphatidylethanolamine and 600 μg of labeled VLDL TG were incubated with a constant amount of purified bovine LPL.22 The change in fluorescence against time was monitored on a recorder to yield curves representing continuous lipolysis of VLDL by LPL. Mean initial velocity of reaction (Vi) and extent of lipolysis measured as total increase in fluorescence over baseline at 30 minutes ( F30 FO ) were similar (Vi = 10.2 ± 0.37 control v 10.2 ± 0.42 u/min desialylated VLDL; F30 FO = 4.1 ± 0.15, control v 4.1 ± 0.07 desialylated VLDL ; n = 5). Thus, sialic acid does not influence VLDL catabolism by LPL. Our study does not exclude a possible role of the sialic acid in receptor mediated uptake of remnants produced by initial catabolism of VLDL by LPL.
The Effects of Legal Processing on Delinquent Orientations

Labelling theorists have long argued that deviant careers and commitments are developed in the process of interaction between individuals and social control agents. A critical issue in this process concerns the effect of official labelling on an individual's subsequent orientation toward delinquency. This study attempts to explicate this process by exploring a number of variables which may intervene in this interaction. Our findings indicate that over a four year period, youth with police contact(s) show a significant increase in delinquent orientations compared with their peers who had no such contact. Such factors as the delinquency level of one's peer group and actual involvement in delinquent behavior as reported by the subjects do not appear to be as important as police contact in explaining the increased orientation toward delinquency. The data also suggest that certain sub-groups (white males, in particular) are more susceptible to the effects of labelling than others.
Effects of Service Coordinator Variables on Individualized Family Service Plans

This study investigated the effects of service coordinator variables on evidence of recommended practice in a sample of 120 Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSPs). Service coordinator variables were months of experience, college major, level of degree, first service delivery model practiced, and attendance at training. The IFSPs were rated on 12 indicators of recommended practice using the IFSP Rating Scale (Mc William & Jung, 2001). Service coordinators' months of experience and attendance in training had the strongest relationships with IFSP quality indicators. Results and implications for further research are discussed.
Electron Impact Ionization of Lithium.

The electron impact ionization cross section of the neutral lithium atom has been calculated in a distorted wave exchange approximation. The total cross section is in good agreement with available experimental data at incident electron energies above 10 eV. Analytic fits are provided for the 1s and 2s subshell partial cross sections.
Penetrating Keratoplasty for Keratoconus in Down's Syndrome

Five patients with Down's syndrome underwent penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. In three patients, the indication for surgery was acute corneal hydrops, which had not resolved in the three months before surgery. The other two patients had corneal scars. Two patients had combined penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens insertion. Four of the five patients maintained clear grafts at their most recent follow-up examination. Two of the five patients had one or more graft reaction episodes; one graft was lost. Good results can be obtained in penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in patients with Down's syndrome who do not demonstrate a tendency toward excessive eye rubbing and for whom a single observant caretaker can be relied on to provide consistent postoperative care.
The relationship of smooth cordgrass ( Spartina alterniflora ) to tidal datums: A review

An analysis of data relatingSpartina alterniflora Loisel. to tidal elevations along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts demonstrated that although this species is primarily confined to the intertidal zone, its elevational limits. of occurrence do not correspond to a consistent elevation relative to a tidal datum in all marsh locations. The variation in the vertical distribution of this species reported among marsh studies was attributed primarily to differences in mean tide range (MTR). A positive correlation between MTR and elevational growth range (r=0.91) demonstrated that theSpartina alterniflora zone expands with increasing tidal amplitude. Differences in MTR among marsh locations accounted for 70 and 68% of the statistical variation in the upper and lower limits, respectively, ofS. alterniflora growth. Among marshes of similar tidal amplitudes, the upper limit of occurrence ofS. alterniflora in northern marshes was significantly lower than that in marshes at lower latitudes. These results, in combination with regional differences in plant species distribution across the upper intertidal zone, suggested that some of the variation in the upper limit was due to latitudinal differences in growth conditions and/or differences in interspecific competition. Local and regional differences in other factors such as salinity, nutrients, or physical disturbance may have also contributed to the variation in the limits of growth relative to a tidal plane within and among marshes.
Bifurcarenone, an inhibitor of mitotic cell division from the brown alga

A C27 hydroquinone, bifurcarenone, apparently produced via mixed biosynthesis, has been isolated from the brown seaweed Bifurcaria galapagensis (Cystoseiraceae). The structure of bifurcarenone was determined by chemical and spectral methods, and this compound was found to exhibit antibacterial properties, as well as to inhibit cell cleavage of the fertilized egg from the urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
Impairments and Disabilities in Hand Therapy: The Necessity of a Uniform Terminology for Communication and Research Purposes

Uniformity in the use of professional language is very important in the field of medicine. Impairments and disabilities are terms that are often used interchangeably. To health professionals analyzing a patient's health problem, formulating treatment goals, or writing questionnaires and protocols, the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) offers a conceptual framework that has a great potential to remedy improper use of terms and that can enhance communication. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to familiarize the hand therapist with the ICIDH and (2) to present some proposals for a revision of the ICIDH that will make the classification structurally more practical and thereby will facilitate its use.
Combined cognitive and parent training interventions for adolescents with ADHD and their mothers: A randomized controlled trial

This study examined the individual and combined effects of two nonpharmacological treatments for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Cogmed working memory training (CWMT) for adolescents and behavioral parent training (BPT) for mothers. Ninety-one adolescents (ages 11–15) and their mothers were randomized to one of four CWMT and BPT treatment and active control (placebo) group combinations of 5-week interventions. At pre- and posttest, mothers and teachers completed rating forms, and adolescents completed neuropsychological measures of working memory (WM). Individual intervention effects showed that treatment CWMT significantly improved WM spans, whereas there were no significant differences for treatment or control BPT on reports of parent-related outcomes. Combined treatment effects indicated an overall pattern of greatest improvements for the control CWMT/treatment BPT group, as compared to the other three groups, on adolescent WM deficit, behavioral regulation problems, and global executi...
Targeting telomerase-expressing cancer cells

The role of telomeres and telomerase as a target for cancer therapeutics is an area of continuing interest. This review is intended to provide an update on the field, pointing to areas in which our knowledge remains deficient and exploring the details of the most promising areas being advanced into clinical trials. Topics that will be covered include the role of dysfunctional telomeres in cellular aging and how replicative senescence provides an initial barrier to the emergence of immortalized cells, a hallmark of cancer. As an important translational theme, this review will consider possibilities for selectively targeting telomeres and telomerase to enhance cancer therapy. The role of telomerase as an immunotherapy, as a gene therapy approach using telomerase promoter driven oncolytic viruses and as a small oligonucleotide targeted therapy (Imetelstat) will be discussed.
A numerical simulation of climate changes during the obliquity cycle on Mars

A one-dimensional seasonal energy balance climate model of the Martian surface is developed. The model shows the importance of using short-period diurnal and seasonal variations of solar irradiance instead of yearly-averaged quantities. The roles of meridional heat transport and greenhouse warming are shown to be important. The possible existence of hysteresis cycles in the formation and sublimation of permanent deposits during the course of the obliquity cycle is demonstrated.
Experts, amateurs, and real estate: An anchoring-and-adjustment perspective on property pricing decisions

Abstract The studies described in this paper investigated the use of a decisional heuristic—anchoring-and-adjustment—in an information-rich, real world setting. In order to assess the generalizability of laboratory research on this decision heuristic, students and real estate agents toured and made pricing decisions about real estate properties. It was hypothesized that manipulated listing prices would anchor values assigned to the properties. Results were consistent with the use of an anchoring-and-adjustment value estimation strategy in information-rich, real world settings. Implications for the understanding of judgmental expertise are discussed.
The results of animal studies with ciprofibrate, a new orally effective hypolipidemic drug

Abstract Findings are given to show that ciprofibrate, a new orally active phenoxyisobutyrate, is significantly more hypolipidemic than is the reference clofibrate. In hyperlipidemic rats ciprofibrate suppresses the increase in blood lipids 33% at a daily dosage of 0.6–3 mg/kg. The corresponding dosage for clofibrate is 125–460 mg/kg. Based on studies with cholesterol pools pre-labeled with [ 14 C]mevalonate or with cholesterol-labeled pools in ciprofibrate-treated normolipidemic rats, ciprofibrate was shown to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis. No evidence of the presence of 7- or 24-dehydrocholesterol was obtained in the sera of ciprofibrate-treated rats as shown by gas chromatography examination. The order of hypolipidemic effectiveness of ciprofibrate in hyperlipidemic rats provides a basis for anticipating that ciprofibrate will be hypolipidemic in hyperlipoproteinemic subjects who are considered at high risk of acquiring coronary artery disease.
"What I Did on My Vacation": Summer Options for Gifted Students.

Educators and parents adopt a variety of strategies to augment the curriculum for gifted students during the school year. Increasingly, however, talented students are turning to summertime activities as a way to maintain a high level of challenge. A wide variety of summer options are available, ranging from outdoor wilderness experiences to culturally-rich international programs to intensive academic programs.
First Report of a Larval Shell Repair Scar on a Lingulate Brachiopod: Evidence of Durophagous Predation in the Cambrian Pelagic Realm?

A dorsal valve of an Upper Cambrian lingulate brachiopod exhibits a repair scar on the anterior lateral edge of its larval shell. This species is characterized by an abrupt change in ornamentation from larval to postlarval growth. Shell material secreted in the injured area after the damage occurred exhibits ornamentation that is characteristic of postlarval growth, although equivalent growth exhibits characteristics of the larval stage. A break in the edge of the shell is visible, and the growth lines of the larval and postlarval shell were distorted until the broken area was filled in. Damage to the surface of the shell is interpreted to have been caused by the same event. Modern lingulate brachiopod larvae are planktotrophic and are interpreted to have been so throughout their long geologic history. Therefore, an environmental cause of shell damage seems unlikely and the injuries are interpreted to have been caused by an unknown durophagous predator. This specimen offers evidence that lingulate brachiopod larvae were able to survive shell breakage and repair their shells.
Effect of chronic phenobarbital administration upon brain growth of the infant rat.

Abstract Administration of 0.06 mg/g of phenobarbital daily to infant rats during the first three weeks of life retarded body and brain growth during this period. Analysis of data suggests that these effects are not solely due to impaired nutrition. Accumulation of cholesterol in the cerebellum was slowed to a greater extent than was accumulation of other brain constituents measured (DNA, RNA, protein). These findings raise the possibility that chronic administration of phenobarbital delays brain development of infant rats.
Spin engineering: Direct determination of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida far-field range function in ruthenium.

Oscillations in both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic indirect exchange coupling through Ru are directly measured. Ferromagnetic coupling is determined by spin engineering multilayered structures comprised of trilayers of ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}$/Ru/${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}$ in which one of the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{20}$ layers is strongly antiferromagnetically pinned to a Co layer. Oscillations in antiferromagnetic exchange coupling are measured in companion ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{20}$/Ru multilayers. The dependence of the exchange coupling strength on Ru thickness is well described by the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida far-field range function, providing a direct measurement of this function through a transition metal.
PHILOSOPHY IN POST-COMMUNIST EUROPE

Foreword. Acknowledgements. ONE Josef NI_NIK: The Contemporary Status of Philosophy in Post-Communist Europe. TWO Jerzy DIETL: Business Ethics in Conditions of Transformation from a Centrally Planned to a Market Economy. THREE Jan SUCH: Eastern Europe's Tasks of Philosophy. FOUR Vladimir I. SHAROGRADSKY: The Impact of National and European Traditions on the Development of Russian Philosophy. FIVE John T. SANDERS: A Mixed Bag: Political Change in Central and Eastern Europe and Its Impact on Philosophical Thought. SIX Tadeusz BUKSI??N??SKI: Civil Society, Democracy, and Philosophy in Post-Communist Poland. SEVEN Irena KRASNICKA: The Origins of Velvet in the So-Called Velvet Revolution. EIGHT Jerzy DIETL: Reform of Polish Higher Education: Prospects and Problems. NINE Zbyszko MELOSIK: Philosophy, Power, and Education: The Struggle for a Common Sense in Poland. TEN Elzbieta PAKSZYS: Women, Women's Issues, and Feminism in Polish Philosophy. ELEVEN Janet E. FARNUM: Commentary on Elzbieta Pakszys. TWELVE Anna MASLENNIKOVA: The Communist Language: Changes and Paradoxes. THIRTEEN Dane R. GORDON: Having Heard, What Do We Do? Notes. Bibliography. About the Authors. Index.
Only the bad died young in the ancient Middle East.

Biblical writers generally viewed old age as a reward for righteousness and piety. Consequently, they stressed the belief that the elderly were blessed and that they should be venerated. While life expectancy was usually below forty years, there are exceptional cases on record of individuals - men and women - living to advanced old ages. An analysis of these special few cases and a discussion of extra-Biblical texts shows that other ancient Middle Eastern societies held attitudes toward aging and the aged comparable to those expressed in the Hebrew Bible.
An Observer moving in the 3° K Radiation Field

IF an observer is situated in a radiation field and observes that the radiation is black-body radiation of temperature T, then a second observer moving with a velocity v relative to the first will observe a different spectrum, and the spectrum will depend on the direction in which he looks. It is generally assumed1 that the second observer, using the same radiometer as the first, would receive more power from the direction in which he is moving, but, according to a defective derivation by Condon and Harwit2 based on photon counts, a detector receives less power from an approaching source than from a receding one, if hv/kT < 1.60. This also implies that the spectrum no longer appears as a black-body spectrum.