cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metal-support interaction in automotive exhaust catalysts: Rh-washcoat interaction

This work compares the effect of three washcoat materials, ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, ..cap alpha..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and ZrO/sub 2/, on the CO chemisorption capacity, thermostability, and catalytic activity for the H/sub 2/-NO reaction of Rh on a monolithic support. The Rh loading was analyzed by the conventional x-ray fluorescence method and by the inductive coupled plasma technique. The ZrO/sub 2/ and ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ washcoat show resistance to thermal deactivation. Since the BET area of ZrO/sub 2/ and ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ washcoats was five to seven times lower than that of ..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ washcoat it was necessary to compare the chemical resistance of these catalysts for Pb, P, and S in fuel. Experiments were carried out in a pulse-flame reactor with isooctane fuel containing either 6 mg Pb/gallon (certification fuel) or 60 mg Pb/gallon with 0.8 mg P/gallon and 0.03 wt. % S. The results showed that using a fuel containing a ten times excess of lead over the certification fuel, the Rh/..cap alpha..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Rh/ZrO/sub 2/ catalysts show significantly higher deactivation compared with a Rh/..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst after 15,000 simulated miles of pulsator aging. These results indicate that the catalysts prepared on thermally stable waschcoatsmore » may be compatible only with fuels of low lead level (Pb < 6 mg/gallon). 1 figure, 2 tables. (DP)« less
The Faddeev equations for spin-dependent forces: calculation of 9Be binding energy

Abstract This paper describes a new angular momentum decomposition of the Faddeev equations for the general case of three particles with spin. The formalism is applied to calculate the binding energy of two α-particles and a neutron. In this calculation the n-α and α-α interactions are represented phenomenologically by local potentials, and the corresponding two-body T -matrices are approximated by a Sturmian expansion. The potentials were determined from two-body scattering data at low energies. The calculation yields a binding energy of 1.22±0.05 MeV. This is comparable to the experimental value of 1.571 MeV for the three-body breakup energy of 9 Be. It thus appears that 9 Be may be crudely described as a bound state of three simple particles.
An assessment of the determination of energy needs: The case of nuclear power

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) forced the Atomic Energy Commission, and subsequently the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, to weigh costs and benefits of proposed nuclear power plants. This paper examines how the Commission has developed a framework for decision making in response to the NEPA mandate. Its principal conclusions are that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is not interested in being in the business of assessing power needs, and that regulating need by electricity source is counterproductive. If the question of power needs should be addressed at all, the paper argues that a more general framework should be used which would apply to all new facilities. Such a framework would allow a utility to build the plant of its choice, subject to satisfaction of existing regulations, after it is determined that sufficient demand exists.
Composition Optimization for Functionally Gradient Parts Considering Manufacturing Constraints

Being able to design and fabricate parts made of Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) with optimum properties is of prime importance. Very limited research has been carried out thus far regarding the optimization of composition of different constituent materials throughout the part. In this paper, a technique is introduced to maximize the stiffness of parts made of FGM by determining the material composition for each small element inside the part. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique, two examples are examined. In the first one, a two dimensional cantilever beam made of two materials is considered and a Sequential Approximate Optimization method is used to determine the optimum composition of materials for the beam so that the global stiffness is maximized. The only applied force on the beam is a nodal force acting at the tip. One of the constituent materials is stiffer and heavier than the other material. The optimization constraint is the total mass of the beam predetermined by the engineer. The problem is how to distribute materials throughout the beam so as to have the maximum stiffness. The second example is a simply supported beam under a uniform pressure. The same methodology is employed for this example to maximize the stiffness of the beam. The results show a considerable increase in the stiffness of the beams after optimization as compared to the beams with uniformly distributed materials. Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods that are capable of fabricating the designed parts and their constraints are also discussed.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Atomistic simulation of temperature dependent thermal transport across nanoconfined liquid

Abstract Non-equilibrium classical molecular dynamics simulation was carried out to study the temperature dependence of thermal transport across nanogap confined liquid. The research was focused on the temperature response behavior of nanoconfined liquid subjected to different temperature environment. The simulation was carried out with simplified molecular model. It was found that the molecular mobility and thermal conductance of liquid reduces significantly due to the confinement in a nanometer scale cavity. The simulation also reveals that thermal resistance responses oppositely to the change in temperature for the nanoconfined liquid compared to the bulk liquid; thermal resistance of the nanoconfined liquid was observed to decrease with the increase of temperature following a power law relation (Rt/Rt_inital∼0.9837(T/Tinitial)−0.617) whereas it increases for the bulk liquid. Thermal resistance of the confined liquid and its dependence on temperature was also observed to strongly depend on the gap thickness.
Comparison of enhanced-fluidity and elevated temperature mobile phases for high-performance size-exclusion chromatography

Abstract The use of enhanced-fluidity liquid mixtures of tetrahydrofuran (THF)-CO2 as the mobile phases in the separation of styrene and polystyrene standards by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was compared to high temperature SEC. The phase diagram of a THF-CO2 binary system was determined. Adding CO2 to THF or increasing the mobile phase temperature produce similar results in the observed chromatography. The pressure drop across the column decreases, the optimal linear velocity shifts to a higher value, the chromatographic efficiency increases and the analysis time shortens for silica-based or polymer-based columns. The combination of both approaches provided the greatest improvement in chromatographic performance for CO2 proportions of 0–30% and temperatures of 24–100°C. Molecular weight calibration curves indicated that the SEC mechanism was maintained for these conditions. However, non-size-exclusion interactions were detected when the proportion of CO2 in the mobile phase was 50% mole fraction or more. Under those conditions, temperature elevation no longer enhanced the performance of the size-exclusion separation. Instead, increased adsorption of the polymer was observed due to significant loss of mobile phase solvent strength. However, by increasing the pressure of the mobile phase, the solvent strength could be restored.
The preparation and characterization of the diaquo- forms of several incomplete corrinoids: Cobyric acid, cobinamide, and three isomeric cobinic acid pentaamides

The preparation of the diaquo- forms of the incomplete corrinoids, cobyric acid, cobinamide, and three isomeric cobinic acid pentaamides, from the corresponding aquocyanocorrinoids has been accomplished. The compounds were characterized by electronic absorption spectra, pka values, and HPLC/TLC behavior. Upon titration, the acids exhibited three pKa values, but only the pKa corresponding to the carboxylic acid involved the transfer of a full equivalent of protons. In addition, the progress of diaquo- to dihydroxo-titration, and the spectrum of the final products indicated a complex process. These diaquocorrinoids appear to be unstable, and should be stored in solution, frozen, under an inert atmosphere.
Motor neuron disease due to neuropathy target esterase gene mutation: Clinical features of the index families

Recently, we reported that mutations in the neu- ropathy target esterase (NTE) gene cause autosomal recessive motor neuron disease (NTE-MND). We describe clinical, neuro- physiologic, and neuroimaging features of affected subjects in the index families. NTE-MND subjects exhibited progressive lower extremity spastic weakness that began in childhood and was later associated with atrophy of distal leg and intrinsic hand muscles. NTE-MND resembles Troyer syndrome, except that short stature, cognitive impairment, and dysmorphic fea- tures, which often accompany Troyer syndrome, are not fea- tures of NTE-MND. Early onset, symmetry, and slow progression distinguish NTE-MND from typical amyotrophic lat- eral sclerosis. NTE is implicated in organophosphorus com- pound-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). NTE-MND patients have upper and lower motor neuron deficits that are similar to OPIDN. Motor neuron degeneration in subjects with NTE mutations supports the role of NTE and its biochemical cascade in the molecular pathogenesis of OPIDN and possibly other degenerative neurologic disorders. Muscle Nerve 43: 19-25, 2011
A note on the momentum of an anharmonic phonon

Abstract The momentum of a travelling wave packet in an anharmonic crystal is estimated to be of the order of γℏ k where γ is the volume Gruneisen constant and k is the wavevector.
Polymer self-diffusion measurements by small-angle neutron scattering

Abstract The time dependence of small-angle neutron scattering is used to follow the interdiffusion of conventional and labeled polymers to obtain the self-diffusion coefficient, D , of chains in the melt. A number of experimental procedures and applications are reviewed. The most comprehensive results have been obtained for linear and three-arm star polymers of hydrogenated polybutadiene (HPB) and deuterated polybutadiene (DPB). The dependence of D on molecular weight, the effect of matrix dynamics on D , and the relation of D to zero shear viscosity are discussed in terms of the tube model for dynamics of entangled polymer chains.
A GENERALIZED TREATMENT OF THE ENERGETICS OF TRANSLATING CONTINUA, PART II: BEAMS AND FLUID CONVEYING PIPES

Abstract The energetics of translating tensioned beams and fluid transporting pipes under fixed, simply supported and free boundary conditions are analyzed in a generalized manner. The conservative and non-conservative forces acting at the boundaries lead to energy transfer between the translating continua and the boundary supports. The forces and associated convective velocities are identified from the one-dimensional transport theorem. The group velocity and the wavenumber of propagating and evanescent waves in the dispersive continua are defined. The time variation of total energy is represented in terms of the impedances and the reflection coefficients of the propagating waves in the continuum and the dynamic stability of the translating continua is discussed based on the energy expressions. The critical fluid speed in a cantilevered pipe, at which the resultant energy flux into the pipe at the free end vanishes, is determined by the use of travelling wave solutions.
fricans On Stage: Studies in Ethnological Show Business

Africans On Stage: Studies in Ethnological Show Business. Bernth Lindfors. ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. vii. 302 pp., illustrations, photographs, index.
A Probabilistic Expert System Approach for Sea Mine Burial Prediction

Knowledge of the extent of burial of bottom sitting sea mines is critical to mine detection due to the significantly degraded capabilities of mine-hunting systems when the mines are buried. To provide an enhanced capability for predicting mine burial in support of U.S. Navy mine countermeasure (MCM) operations, an expert system approach to predicting sea mine burial has been developed. This expert system serves as a means to synthesize previous and current research on sea mine burial due to impact upon deployment and subsequently due to scour, the two dominant burial mechanisms in littoral waters. Prediction systems for impact and scour burial have been implemented as simple Bayesian networks whose probabilistic basis provides means of accounting for the inherent uncertainties associated with mine deployment methods, simplified physics-based burial models, and environmental variability. Examples of burial predictions and comparisons to results from field experiments are illustrated. In addition, a proposed risk metric is developed and applied to provide a geospatial mapping of mine burial probability.
The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to a history of premature death of family members.

To assess the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including childhood abuse and neglect, and serious household dysfunction, and premature death of a family member. Because ACEs increase the risk for many of the leading causes of death in adults and tend to be familial and intergenerational, we hypothesized that persons who report having more ACEs would be more likely to have family members at risk of premature death. We used data from 17,337 adult health plan members who completed a survey about 10 types of ACEs and whether a family member died before age 65. The prevalence of family member premature death and its association with ACEs were assessed. Family members of respondents who experienced any type of ACEs were more likely to have elevated prevalence for premature death relative to those of respondents without such experience (p < 0.01). The highest risk occurred among those who reported having been physically neglected and living with substance abusing or criminal family members during childhood. A powerful graded relationship between the number of ACEs and premature mortality in the family was observed for all age groups, and comparison between groups reporting 0 ACE and ≥ 4 ACEs yielded an OR of 1.8 (95%CI, 1.6–2.0). Adverse childhood experiences may be an indicator of a chaotic family environment that results in an increased risk of premature death among family members.
PS2-27: Birth Size, Gestational Age, and BMI at Age 5y

Background/Aims Early life factors such as birth weight have been found to be associated with risk for child overweight. Birth size measures such as birth length and various weight for length indices, and gestational age may also be related to the risk for later adiposity, but the contribution of these other variables is still unclear. We examined the role of birth size and gestational age with BMI in children at ages of approximately 5 years old in a multiethnic population.
The HL-60 transforming sequence: A ras oncogene coexisting with altered myc genes in hematopoietic tumors

The oncogene of the HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line has been passed serially through NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Oncogene-specific probes prepared from the resulting tertiary transfectants by molecular cloning have been used to show that loss of the transfected oncogene from NIH/3T3 cells correlates with reversion to nontransformed morphology. Analysis of cells transfected by the oncogenes of other tumors and tumor cell lines indicates that the transforming gene of the HL-60 leukemia cell line is closely related to oncogenes of a Burkitt's lymphoma, an acute myelogenous leukemia, an adenocarcinoma of the colon, a neuroblastoma, and two sarcomas. This oncogene is distantly related to the viral oncogenes of Kirsten and Harvey sarcoma viruses. It has been termed N-ras. The active N-ras oncogene coexists with altered versions of the myc oncogene in the HL-60 and AW Ramos human tumors. This suggests a multistep mechanism involving both ras and myc genes in the creation of these tumors.
Does Welfare Conditionality Reduce Democratic Participation

The past 20 years have witnessed a shift to work-based welfare conditionality within the advanced welfare states, as access to social benefits are increasingly predicated on individuals agreeing to behavioral conditions related to participation in the labor market. Existing literature on the political consequences of this shift offers contradictory expectations. While new paternalists claim that it should increase political participation among benefit recipients, others argue that it has a depressive effect. The majority of existing studies rely on cross-sectional analyses, which leaves them open to charges of selection bias. Utilizing multiple longitudinal research designs, this article finds that conditionality has a depressive effect on patterns of democratic engagement. Welfare conditionality reduces political and civic participation, political interest and efficacy, and personal efficacy. In disaggregating conditionality’s effects across two client groups, the article finds largely positive effects a...
Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Overview

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) refers to the transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early dementia. MCI has generated a great deal of research from both clinical and research perspectives. Several population- and community-based studies have documented an accelerated rate of progression to dementia and Alzheimer's disease in individuals diagnosed with MCI. Clinical subtypes of MCI have been proposed to broaden the concept and include prodromal forms of a variety of dementias. An algorithm is presented to assist the clinician in identifying subjects and subclassifying them into the various types of MCI. Progression factors, including genetic, neuroimaging, biomarker, and clinical characteristics, are discussed. Neuropathological studies indicating an intermediate state between normal aging and early dementia in subjects with MCI are presented. The recently completed clinical trials as well as neuropsychological and nutritional interventions are discussed. Finally, the clinical utility of MCI, and directions for future research are proposed.
Metabolic Cardiomyopathy, 2nd ed.

Hansjosef Bohles, Adrian C. Sewell, eds. 166 pp. Illustrated. Stuttgart, Germany: Medpharm Scientific Publishers; 2004. $78.00. ISBN: 3-88763-104-8 Cardiovascular disease has long been recognized as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in children and adults with inherited metabolic disorders. More recently, an increased understanding of inborn errors of metabolism has emerged from genetic studies, improved diagnostic testing, and clinical trials of novel enzyme replacement therapies. The second edition of Metabolic Cardiomyopathy is a compilation of articles that reviews the present understanding of cardiomyopathies and related cardiovascular disorders of metabolic origin. As stated in the editors’ forward, the goal of this book is to provide practical information to clinicians involved in the care of pediatric and adult patients with metabolic cardiomyopathy. It is not intended to provide an exhaustive overview of specific diseases. Toward this end, Metabolic …
On an asymptotically optimal adaptive classifier design criterion

A new approach for estimating classification errors is presented. In the model, there are two types of classification error: empirical and generalization error. The first is the error observed over the training samples, and the second is the discrepancy between the error probability and empirical error. In this research, the Vapnik and Chervonenkis dimension (VCdim) is used as a measure for classifier complexity. Based on this complexity measure, an estimate for generalization error is developed. An optimal classifier design criterion (the generalized minimum empirical error criterion (GMEE)) is used. The GMEE criterion consists of two terms: the empirical and the estimate of generalization error. As an application, the criterion is used to design the optimal neural network classifier. A corollary to the Gamma optimality of neural-network-based classifiers is proven. Thus, the approach provides a theoretic foundation for the connectionist approach to optimal classifier design. Experimental results to validate this approach. >
Stuttering Intervention in Three Service Delivery Models (Direct, Hybrid, and Telepractice): Two Case Studies

This study assessed outcomes in stuttering intervention across three service delivery models: direct, hybrid, and telepractice for two 11-year old children who stutter. The goal of the study was to investigate whether short-term goals were maintained through the telepractice sessions. The Stuttering Severity Instrument, Fourth Edition (SSI-4) was administered to each child before and after each intervention period and weekly fluency samples (percentage of stuttered syllables in a monologue) were obtained in each of the 10-week intervention periods. In addition, the Communication Attitudes Test-Revised was used to assess the children’s attitudes toward speaking. Following the telepractice period, parents and children completed a questionnaire concerning the therapy experience via telepractice. Both children continued to improve fluency as measured by the weekly fluency samples. SSI-4 severity ratings improved for one child and remained consistent for the other. These outcomes appear to demonstrate that telepractice is viable for improving and maintaining fluency.
Muscarine increases cation conductance and decreases potassium conductance in rat locus coeruleus neurones

1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from rat locus coeruleus neurones in slices of brain tissue in vitro. Muscarine (30 microM) caused an inward current of about 100 pA in neurones voltage clamped at -60 mV. 2. In about 75% of cells, the current elicited by muscarine was independent of potential in the range -60 to -120 mV and had no associated conductance change. 3. In about 25% of cells, the current became smaller with hyperpolarization, was associated with a decreased conductance, and reversed polarity between -100 and -140 mV. The reversal potential changed with the logarithm of the extracellular potassium concentration. Barium and caesium blocked inward rectification and also prevented reversal of the muscarine current. 4. When potassium ions of the intracellular and extracellular solutions were replaced by caesium, the current evoked by muscarine became smaller with depolarization at reversed polarity at +9 mV. This current was associated with an increase in conductance, and was greatly reduced when the extracellular sodium concentration was reduced to 20 mM. 5. The results could be quantitatively accounted for by a model in which muscarine both increases a voltage-independent cation conductance and decreases the inward rectifier potassium conductance.
Bandlimiting effects in an optical Laplace transform computer.

Data processing in coherent optical systems has been limited to a large extent by operations involving spectrum manipulations through the Fourier transform. By appropriate modification of the Green function kernel of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, it should be possible to obtain transform relationships between the input and output of a coherent processor, other than the Fourier transform. Cutrona has suggested a possible implementation for a Laplace transformer but has apparently not attempted a physical realization [ IRE Trans. Inf. TheoryIT-6, 386 ( 1960)]. In this study, a Laplace transform computer is described in which it is found that spatial bandlimiting is a restriction on its usefulness. To compensate for this bandlimiting, a convergence filter is described along with a method to produce this and other spatial filters physically for optical processors.
A tuned wideband LNA in 0.25 /spl mu/m IBM process for RF communication applications

This paper discusses the design of a low noise amplifier tunable over a wide range of frequencies. The LNA is designed for a frequency band 1.4 GHz-2 GHz and provides an output return loss, S22, less than -24 dB, an input return loss, S11, less than -10 dB, a gain of 11.5 dB and noise figure between 1.8-3.4 dB. The LNA has been implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS IBM process, with a 2.5V power supply.
Site-Specific RSS Signature Modeling for WiFi Localization

A number of techniques for indoor and outdoor WiFi localization using received signal strength (RSS) signatures have been published. Little work has been performed to characterize the RSS signatures used by these WiFi localization techniques or to assess the accuracy of current channel models to represent the signatures. Without accurate characterization and models of the signatures, a large amount of empirical data is needed to evaluate the performance of the WiFi localization techniques. The goal of this paper is to characterize the RSS signatures and present a novel wall breakpoint model for use in WiFi localization simulations to eliminate the need for large empirical databases. In this paper, we present our empirical database of RSS signatures measured in the campus of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, characterize the RSS signatures used in WiFi localization, evaluate the performance of the current WiFi channel model, and propose a novel wall breakpoint model, which exploits site-specific information to provide a tighter fit to the empirical RSS signatures. From the RSS signature characterization, it was observed that the behavior of the RSS signatures is dependant on the location of the Access Point (AP) with a building due to shadow fading. Our proposed model improves upon the simpler WiFi channel model by adding a dynamic site-specific wall breakpoint to account for the location of the AP within a building and allowing for proper simulation of the outdoor path-loss environment.
Highly π-extended tetrathiafulvalene analogues derived from pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetraone

A new class of π-extended tetrathiafulvalene analogue, which is capable of reversibly revealing and concealing a central pentacene segment under redox control, was synthesized by stepwise olefination reactions on pentacene-5,7,12,14-tetraone. The structural, electronic, and redox properties were investigated by NMR, UV-Vis absorption, electrochemical analyses in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Development of Three‐Dimensional Object Completion in Infancy

Three-dimensional (3D) object completion was investigated by habituating 4- and 6-month-old infants (n= 24 total) with a computer-generated wedge stimulus that pivoted 15°, providing only a limited view. Two displays, rotating 360°, were then shown: a complete, solid volume and an incomplete, hollow form composed only of the sides seen during habituation. There were no reliable preferences for either test display by 4-month-olds. At 6 months, infants showed a reliable novelty preference for the incomplete test display. Infants in a control group (n= 24) not habituated to the limited-view wedge preferred neither test display. By 6 months, infants may represent simple objects as complete in 3D space despite a limited perspective. Possible mechanisms of development of 3D object completion are discussed.
Pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis involving the pulmonary artery.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) occurs as a complication of hematologic disorders such as myelofibrosis, sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. The extramedullary tissue usually involves liver, spleen and lymph nodes, less frequently the chest. We present a recent case of a man with myeloproliferative neoplasm who developed pulmonary hemorrhage secondary to EMH in the lung and pulmonary artery. Radiation therapy was considered the best approach, but it didn’t work and the patient died a week after radiation therapy was completed. We also review herein the present literature.
Post-Approval Drug Safety Surveillance

Following the drug-approval process, concerns remain regarding the safety of new drugs that are introduced into the marketplace. In the case of rare adverse events, the number of subjects that are treated in randomized controlled trials is invariably inadequate to determine the safety of the new pharmaceutical. Identifying safety signals for new and/or existing drugs is a major priority in the protection of public health. Unfortunately, design, analysis, and available data are often quite limited for detecting in a timely fashion any potentially harmful effects of drugs. In this review, we examine a variety of approaches for determining the possibility of adverse drug reactions. Our review includes spontaneous reports, meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials, ecological studies, and analysis of medical claims data. We consider both experimental design and analytic problems as well as potential solutions. Many of these methodologies are then illustrated through application to data on the possible relationship between taking antidepressants and increased risk of suicidality.
Mueller matrix imaging of targets in turbid media: effect of the volume scattering function

Detecting objects in turbid media by use of just radiance signals has been a subject of study for many years. The use of Mueller matrix imaging methods has only recently been used as a tool for target detection. We will show not only that can targets still be detected by Mueller matrix methods even after their detection has escaped normal radiance schemes but also that their surface features can also still be distinguished. We will also show how the shape of the volume scattering function as well as the target and medium albedo strongly influences various elements of the Mueller matrix. One of the more interesting features of Mueller matrix imaging is that the diagonal elements are sensitive to perturbations in the environment surrounding the target. This implies that targets can be detected far beyond their geometric cross section. The methods presented here will have applications to submersible object detection, remote sensing in the atmosphere, and the detection of inhomogeneities in tissue.
Effect of tilorone treatment on intracellular microbial infections in specific-pathogen-free mice.

Abstract Specific-pathogen-free CD-1 mice were treated orally with the drug tilorone (2,7-bis[2-diethylaminoethoxy]fluoren-9-one hydrochloride) at dosages of 10 or 100 mg per kg of body weight. Drug was given 24 h before challenge and then every other day for up to 15 days. Growth of sublethal doses of Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium bovis (BCG Montreal), M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and Salmonella enteritidis in the livers and spleens of intravenously challenged mice was significantly increased compared with that in control animals receiving distilled water orally. Tilorone given every other day at a dosage of 10 mg/kg reduced (but did not completely ablate) the tuberculin response to the mycobacterial infections. Both tuberculin hypersensitivity and anti-mycobacterial resistance returned to normal values within days of stopping the drug treatment. Tilorone treatment at the 100-mg/kg dose level increased the growth of S. enteritidis in both intravenously and intragastrically challenged mice; this effect seemed to be due to the reduced ability of the host to express the normal granulomatous response to the microbial infection within the liver and spleen.
Optimal, systematic q-ary codes correcting all asymmetric errors of limited magnitude

Systematic q-ary (q ≫ 2) codes capable of correcting all asymmetric errors of maximum magnitude l, where l ≤ q-2, are given. These codes are shown to be optimal. Further, simple encoding/decoding algorithms are described.
Effects of postnatal dietary choline manipulation against MK-801 neurotoxicity in pre- and postadolescent rats.

Abstract Prenatal supplementation of rat dams with dietary choline has been shown to provide their offspring with neuroprotection against N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) antagonist-mediated neurotoxicity. This study investigated whether postnatal dietary choline supplementation exposure for 30 and 60 days of rats starting in a pre-puberty age would also induce neuroprotection (without prenatal exposure). Male and female Sprague–Dawley rats (postnatal day 30 of age) were reared for 30 or 60 concurrent days on one of the four dietary levels of choline: 1) fully deficient choline, 2) 1/3 the normal level, 3) the normal level, or 4) seven times the normal level. After diet treatment, the rats received one injection of MK-801 (dizocilpine 3 mg/kg) or saline control. Seventy-two hours later, the rats were anesthetized and transcardially perfused. Their brains were then postfixed for histology with Fluorojade-C (FJ-C) staining. Serial coronal sections were prepared from a rostrocaudal direction from 1.80 to 4.2 mm posterior to the bregma to examine cell degeneration in the retrosplenial and piriform regions. MK-801, but not control saline, produced significant numbers of FJ-C positive neurons, indicating considerable neuronal degeneration. Dietary choline supplementation or deprivation in young animals reared for 30–60 days did not alter NMDA antagonist-induced neurodegeneration in the retrosplenial region. An interesting finding is the absence of the piriform cortex involvement in young male rats and the complete absence of neurotoxicity in both hippocampus regions and DG. However, neurotoxicity in the piriform cortex of immature females treated for 60 days appeared to be suppressed by low levels of dietary choline.
Recognition sequences of Type II restriction systems are constrained by the G+C content of host genomes

I show that the recognition sequences of Type II restriction systems are correlated with the G + C content of the host bacterial DNA. Almost all restriction systems with G + C rich tetranucleotide recognition sequences are found in species with A + T rich genomes, whereas G + C rich hexanucleotide and octanucleotide recognition sequences are found almost exclusively in species with G + C rich genomes. Most hexanucleotide recognition sequences found in species with A + T rich genomes are A + T rich. This distribution eliminates a substantial proportion of the potential variance in the frequency of restriction recognition sequences in the host genomes. As a consequence, almost all restriction recognition sequences, including those eight base pairs in length (Not I and Sfi I), are predicted to occur with a frequency ranging from once every 300 to once every 5,000 base pairs in the host genome. Since the G + C content of bacteriophage DNA and of the host genome are also correlated, the data presented is evidence that most Type II "restriction systems" are indeed involved in phage restriction.
A system effectiveness comparison between hypervelocity EM armament and conventional armament in the anti-armor mission

The overall system performance potential-of a future electromagnetic (EM) main battle tank (MBT) using hypervelocity kinetic energy ammunition in a combined arms, force-on-force scenario, independent of improved lethality, is quantified. The EM MBT performance is contrasted with the baseline M1A1 MBT firing conventional 120 mm ammunition under the same conditions of engagement. Also studied are the effects of key system parameters such as system accuracy, firing signature, turret presented area, and launch velocity. Simulation results showed the EM-armament main battle tank-supported Blue Force achieved a significant improvement in loss-exchange ratio over the conventional tank-supported force using hypervelocity ammunition in the anti-armor mission, even without a lethality improvement over current ammunition. >
Equilibrium for Overlapping Generations in Continuous Time

Abstract We prove the existence of general equilibrium for continuous-time overlapping-generations models. Previous theorems exclude all non-linear C.E.S. and von Neumann–Morgenstern preferences and exclude production. Our primitive assumptions are satisfied by such preferences and by all Markovian production technologies satisfying Bewley's assumptions for Arrow–Debreu models provided that storage is possible, at some finite rate of depreciation and some positive capacity. A non-existence example shows our Markovian and storage assumptions cannot be dropped. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C62, D51, D90.
Mediation Analysis of Mode Deactivation Therapy (Reanalysis and Interpretation)

A key component of Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) is the development of self-awareness and regulatory skills by the client with the aim of helping adolescent males with conduct disordered behaviors, including sexually inappropriate behaviors and emotional dysregulation. The goal includes altering specific behaviors to fall within socially acceptable norms. In MDT the intervention of Validation-Clarification-Redirection (VCR) is the fulcrum of the transformation of detrimental learned beliefs about the adolescents’ environment that manifest destructive behaviors into ideas about the world and those in it, into functional beliefs that are more balanced and lead to more compliant behaviors. While evidence suggests that this is the mechanism of change, a study specifically identifying the impact of the introduction and use of this skill has not been conducted to date. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of MDT in both meta-analysis of total outcome versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mediation analysis of the VCR variable of MDT. The population includes adolescents with co-existing problems of conduct, opposition personality traits and history of trauma.
Analysis of Bridge Construction as a Restoration Technique for Everglades National Park, FL, USA, Using Hydrological Numerical Modeling

AbstractSince the construction of the Tamiami Trail in the 1920s, overland flow to the Florida Everglades has decreased significantly, affecting ecosystems from the wetlands to the estuary. As part of the effort to return flows to historical levels, several changes to the existing water management infrastructure have been implemented or are in the design phase. These changes include the construction of two bridges [a 1.6-km (1-mi) and a 4.2-km (2.6-mi) bridge] and the removal of the Tamiami Trail roadway, as well as increasing canal water levels to increase head elevations north of Everglades National Park (ENP). A numerical model of ENP hydrology was developed using MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 software to review the effects of these structure changes and evaluate the potential impact of bridge construction. Model simulations show that the newly constructed 1.6-km bridge along the Tamiami Trail could increase water delivery to the Northeast Shark Slough (NESS) by about 6%. The 1.6-km bridge, plus the proposed 4.2-km...
An extended chemical index model to predict the fly ash dosage necessary for mitigating alkali-silica reaction in concrete

Abstract Currently, the concrete prism test per ASTM C1293 or RILEM AAR-3 is considered the most reliable accelerated test to determine the dosage of pozzolans to suppress alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. However, the test takes 2 years, which makes it impractical as a mixture design tool for new concrete construction. In the present work, a multiple nonlinear regression model is developed for predicting the fly ash dosage necessary to mitigate ASR per CPT. The model uses the oxide compositions of Portland cement and fly ash as well as the reactivity of the aggregates. Seventy-six experimental data points on CPT expansion results for plain Portland cement and fly ash-blended concrete mixtures were used to develop and evaluate the model. The model successfully predicts the fly ash required to mitigate ASR for different aggregates, cement, and fly ash combinations. The prediction errors in most cases meet ASTM C1293 multi-laboratory precision criterion.
Network Interdiction Methods and Approximations in a Hazmat Transportation Setting

The United States transportation system is an extensive and integrated component in the eight key infrastructures upon which the livelihood of the U.S. is dependent (Department of Homeland Security 2009). The accessibility and mobility enabled through open use of the transportation system is a vital and necessary freedom which contributes to the fluidity of the American environment. The transportation system is expansive and heavily utilized with an average of over 2 billion daily vehicle-miles of travel (nearly twice as much travel since the early 1980s) on the roughly 4 million miles of paved roadway, nearly 47,000 miles of Interstate highway, 600,000 bridges and 366 U.S. highway tunnels over 100 m (Texas Transportation Institute 2011; Transportation Security 2012). Travelers and shippers may also choose to utilize more than 300,000 miles of freight rail, nearly 10,000 miles of urban and commuter rail systems, or connect between 500 commercial-service and 14,000 general aviation airports (Transportation Research 2002).
Histology and regenerative capacity of liver following multiple partial hepataectomies.

SummaryThe capacity of liver to regenerate was maintained in rats which were subjected to partial hepatectomy 12 times within a period of one year. At the end of the experiment, only minor cytological changes were observed in the regenerated liver and there was no neoplasia.
Embedded Influence Patterns in Organizational Buying Systems

The organizational buying system concept is introduced as an organizing framework for exploring the patterned, repeated interactions that characterize ongoing purchasing processes. Applying a struc...
Effect of health education in patients with gestational diabetes

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education in patients with gestational diabetes.Methods Fifty-six cases of gestational diabetes were randomly divided into intervention and control groups,the intervention group was given the whole systematic health education intervention,and the control group was prescribed to the randomized symptomatic care.Results Glucose control satisfaction of the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05);the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension,polyhydramnios,cesarean section,postpartum hemorrhage,hypoglycemia,neonatal asphyxia,low birth weight children,a huge number of children's cases of the intervention group were significantly less than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The implementation of the whole systematic health education interventions of patients with gestational diabetes has good results,and can effectively control blood sugar levels,and significant improve in maternal and neonatal outcomes,it is worth the promotion and application.
Analysis and modeling for queue scheduling with polling and reservation strategy

A queue scheduling with polling and reservation strategy for the network node is designed.Because the delay sensitive traffic and the non-delay sensitive traffic need the different qualities of service(QoS),they will gain the different services through scheduling appropriate transmission rates.A three-dimensional Markov queue model is proposed to investigate the queue scheduling.The queue is analyzed by using a method of matrix-geometric solution.The performance index are derived,including the mean queue length,mean waiting time and throughput of both the delay sensitive traffic and the non-delay sensitive traffic,and the blocking probability of the delay sensitive traffic is also obtained.
Postoperative false aneurysm of left ventricle and obstruction of left circumflex coronary artery complicating enlargement of restrictive ventricular septal defect in double-outlet right ventricle.

A case is reported of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with restrictive subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD) in which enlargement of the defect at the time of surgical repair was associated with the late postoperative development of a false aneurysm of the left ventricle. The enlarging false aneurysm caused extrinsic compression of the dominant left circumflex coronary artery, with subsequent ischemia and infarction of the posterolateral left ventricle. The anatomy and surgical implications of restrictive VSD are discussed.
Chromogenic Substrates for Enzyme Immunoassay

Out of a variety of enzymes which have been described according to their kinetics and structure only a few have turned out to be marker enzymes in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The ones that are mostly used are horseradish peroxidase (HRP), calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and s-galactosidase from E. coli (sGal). The suitability of enzymes as markers is not only determined by their great molar activity that is to be largely maintained even after binding to immunoreactants, their stability and commercial availability but especially by their simple, practicable and sensitive detectability.
Clinical parameters of adolescent Hispanic male hypertensive subjects: A new subset?

We have previously reported an increased prevalence of elevated blood pressure in Hispanic adolescent males. The pressure elevation did not correlate with weight. In this study, we evaluated the response to antihypertensive therapy of eight adolescent Hispanic males found to have elevated pressure during high school screening. All patients were placed on placebo tablets b.i.d. for 2 weeks with weekly blood pressure readings. Those with persistently elevated pressures (at or above the 95th percentile) underwent laboratory testing, exercise testing, and echocardiography. An age-matched group of Hispanic adolescents with blood pressure recording below the 90th percentile were also exercised. Patients were then placed on 0.1 mg clonidine b.i.d. for 12 weeks. Pretherapy exercise testing demonstrated an abnormal systolic hypertensive response (mean 193 +/- 43 mmHg) that improved after therapy (mean 167 +/- 28 mmHg). Echocardiographic data were normal. All patients had elevated levels of VLDL and triglycerides. Five patients also had HDL levels below the 50th percentile for age and sex. We conclude that this population is similar to other hypertensive adolescent populations in exercise response pre- and posttherapy with clonidine, but they demonstrated a unique clinical feature in the elevation of the VLDL and triglyceride lipoprotein fractions.