cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marital Conflict, Children's Representations of Family Relationships, and Children's Dispositions Towards Peer Conflict Strategies

The links among marital relations and children's representations were examined. Forty-seven children between the ages of 5 and 8 completed the Family Stories Task (FAST) to obtain their narrative representations of family relations and performed a variation of a puppet procedure (Mize & Ladd, 1988) to assess children's dispositions towards peer conflict strategies. Their parents completed a set of questionnaires regarding marital quality. Results demonstrated relations between marital conflict and children's dispositions towards peer conflict strategies in conflict situations. Children's more negative dispositions towards peer conflict and aggressive behavior in the peer conflict scenarios were each associated with more overt conflict behaviors by mothers and fathers, respectively, and more covert conflict behavior by mothers. In addition, children's internal representations of parent–child relations served as a mediator between marital conflict and children's notions about conflict behavior towards peers.
Decreased Production Rates of VLDL Triglycerides and ApoB-100 in Subjects Heterozygous for Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia

Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) is an autosomal codominant disorder characterized by low levels of apolipoprotein (apo) B and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Decreased production rates of apoB have been demonstrated in vivo in FHBL heterozygotes. In the present study, we wished to investigate whether the transport of triglycerides was similarly affected in these subjects. Therefore, we studied the in vivo kinetics of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides and VLDL apoB-100 simultaneously in 7 FHBL heterozygotes from 2 well-characterized kindreds and 7 healthy normolipidemic subjects. In both kindreds, hypobetalipoproteinemia is caused by mutations in the 5' portion of the apoB gene specifying short truncations of apoB undetectable in plasma. A bolus injection of deuterated palmitate and a primed constant infusion of deuterated leucine were given simultaneously, and their incorporation into VLDL triglycerides and VLDL apoB, respectively, were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Kinetic parameters were calculated by using compartmental modeling. VLDL apoB fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) in FHBL heterozygotes and controls were similar (11. 6+/-3.9 and 10.9+/-2.4 pools per day, respectively, P=0.72). On the other hand, FHBL heterozygotes had a 75% decrease in VLDL apoB production rates compared with normal subjects (5.8+/-1.8 versus 23.4+/-7.1 mg/kg per day, P<0.001). The decreased production rates of VLDL apoB accounts for the very low concentrations of plasma apoB found in heterozygotes from these kindreds (24% of normal). Mean VLDL triglyceride FCRs in FHBL subjects and controls were not significantly different (1.06+/-0.74 versus 0.89+/-0.50 pools per hour, respectively, P=0.61). There was a good correlation between VLDL apoB FCR and VLDL triglyceride FCR in the 2 groups (r=0.84, P<0. 001). VLDL triglyceride production rates were decreased by 60% in FHBL heterozygotes compared with controls (9.3+/-6.0 versus 23.0+/-9. 6 micromol/kg per hour, P=0.008). Thus, the hepatic secretion of VLDL triglycerides is reduced in FHBL heterozygotes but to a lesser extent than the decrease in apoB-100 secretion. This is probably achieved by the secretion of VLDL particles enriched with triglycerides.
Shaping the future of American university education: conceiving engineering a liberal art

Students can no longer be expected to learn how to solve problems in a precisely defined area of engineering but need to be prepared to situate these problems into multiple settings. Conceiving engineering as a liberal art indicates that engineering knowledge is required not only for a specialized career path but also increasingly important for active participation in citizenship. This idea challenges universities to rethink fundamental notions of both the liberal arts and engineering. Experimentation with new curricula in these educational areas should be a priority of universities, especially engineering institutions. We explore evidence from Georgia Tech and other universities that differences between engineering and the liberal arts are drawn too sharply, that design with a large number of variables and incommensurable objectives requires new critical vocabularies for production, and that the idea of engineering as a liberal art offers an opportunity to develop needed curricular flexibility.
Signaling through MKK7 is required for oxaliplatin-induced cell death in hypoxic colon adenocarcinoma cell lines

A177 Transcriptional changes in response to hypoxia are regulated in part through MAP kinase signaling to AP-1, and thus contribute to resistance of cancer cells to therapy, including platinum compounds. A key role for JNK in this signaling is supported by pharmacological inhibitor studies in our previous work. In this study of the up-stream mediators of hypoxic signaling to AP-1/c-Jun in the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line, we have observed significant activation of stress-activated pathways mediated by SEK1 and MKK7, with lesser or no changes in pathways regulated by constitutive active MEK3/6 and MEK1/2. Introduction of dominant negative MKK7 exerted a greater inhibitory effect on AP-1 binding activity during hypoxia than that of SEK1. Experiments with HT29-derived cell lines stably expressing mutant SEK1 or MKK7 (HTS13 and HTM9, respectively) demonstrated a requirement for functional MKK7 for activation of the JNK/c-Jun cascade, and hypoxic activation of the AP-1 transcription factor. Inhibition of MKK7 also led to a significant increase in oxaliplatin resistance under hypoxia/reoxygenation, as demonstrated in MTT and colony-forming assays, whereas inhibition of SEK1 rendered cells more sensitive under these circumstances. Finally, HTM9-derived tumors were resistant to oxaliplatin alone, to bevacizumab, and to the combination of oxaliplatin and bevacizumab in a mouse xenograft model. Our data support a positive contribution of MKK7/JNK to oxaliplatin cytotoxicity, and identify SEK1 as a potential target for reversal of hypoxic resistance to oxaliplatin.
Verbal and Nonverbal Responsiveness of Male and Female Preschool Teachers to Sex of Child and Sex-Typed Child Behaviors:

Frequencies of verbal and nonverbal responsiveness of 20 male and 20 female preschool teachers to sex of child and to sex-typed child behaviors were observed. Male and female teachers responded verbally equally as often to boys arid girls, especially when the children were involved in masculine activities. Higher incidences of nonverbal responsiveness of male teachers to boys and to masculine behaviors indicated that male teachers tended to be more physically proximate to boys than girls and more involved in masculine behaviors than the women.
Panglossian Economics: Critiques, Paradigms, Policies, and Politics

Economic theory is in crisis, though many mainstream economists deny it. But a wide range of heterodox critics are beginning to strike a nerve. Some advocate that the mainstream consensus must be broken down to allow pluralistic and competing views. But is this enough? Ann E. Davis summarizes the critiques of the day in search of a better answer.
Body Image among Women with Physical Disabilities: Internalization of Norms and Reactions to Nonconformity

Abstract Body norms for women are based on stereotypical gender expectations regarding physical appearance. Although women in general are exposed to societal standards of the ideal body, women with physical disabilities encounter unique circumstances in meeting these expectations. Women with physical disabilities are often stigmatized because they violate norms of body aesthetics and body shape. This research examines the extent to which women with physical disabilities internalize body norms and the reactions these women have to their nonconformity to societal body standards. In-depth tape-recorded interviews, investigating a variety of social and interpersonal issues, were conducted with 21 female university students with physical disabilities. Using content analysis, the researchers examined the interviews for common themes and patterns relating to body image. The major categories that emerged were (1) awareness of body norms, (2) compliance with body norms, and (3) reactions to nonconformity to body n...
Analysis of the Bucharest strong ground motion record for the March 4, 1977 Romanian earthquake

abstract The major features of the Bucharest strong ground motion record for the March 4, 1977 Romanian earthquake can be explained with a source at a depth of 100 km which propagates to the southwest, toward Bucharest, with a rupture velocity near the shear-wave velocity. Rayleigh-wave amplitudes from SRO, HGLP, and WWSSN stations yield a moment estimate in the range 1.0 to 2.0 × 10 27 dyne-cm, after correction for a moving source and averaging over 13 stations. The Bucharest strong ground motion record shows a peak acceleration of 221 cm/sec 2 (in the period range from 1 to 2 sec) and a peak displacement of 27 cm on the NS component at a hypocentral distance of 190 km. Both line source models in a homogeneous half-space and single and multiple event source models in a layered half-space are used to analyze the Bucharest record. The relatively simple form and high amplitudes of the Bucharest accelerogram are attributed to the small epicentral distance to source depth ratio and the low rigidity flysch sediments in the Bucharest area. The relative amplitudes on the three components of the Bucharest record suggest that the rupture plane steepened after the initial break from a dip of 70° to an approximately vertical orientation. However, other factors may also be important, such as near source or receiver heterogeneity or the bending of rays by the subducting lithospheric plate under the Carpathian arc. The moment estimate from the Bucharest accelerogram is 2.0 × 10 27 dyne-cm. Using the above moment estimate and assuming a circular fault plane with a radius of 25 km, the average offset is estimated to be 1.5 meters with a stress drop of 57 bars.
Analysis of Non-siliceous Archaeological Materials by LA-ICP-MS

This chapter introduces some of advantages of using LA-ICP-MS to analyze non-siliceous materials (metals), highlighting the approaches utilized in the studies included in Part II of this volume.
Agent Transparency and the Autonomous Squad Member

The present study investigated the effect of including information to support transparency, based on the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model, in the interface for an autonomous agent known as the Autonomous Squad Member (ASM). In four different SAT model-based display conditions, participants used the ASM’s interface to gain information about the ASM and simulated squad’s status as they completed a route containing obstacles. Results indicated that participants had greater trust in the ASM and were most effective at maintaining situation awareness when the ASM provided outcome predictions (SAT Level 3), in addition to planned actions (SAT Level 1) and a rationale for those actions (SAT Level 2). No differences in participant workload, while monitoring the ASM, were observed between SAT display conditions.
Questioning as advice resistance: writing tutorial interactions with L2 writers

While much research on writing tutorial interactions with second language (L2) writers has focused on the tutor’s instructional practices, little attention has been given to the ways in which the tutee responds to them. Based on 6 h of video-recordings from 8 tutoring sessions between 6 tutors (L1 users of English) and 8 tutees (L2 users of English), this conversation analytic study examines how L2 writers resist their tutors’ advice. In particular, the study focuses on the tutee’s use of questioning as advice resistance and specifies two questioning practices: (1) asking a reversed polarity question and (2) proposing an alternative candidate revision. The analyses show that the tutee’s advice-resisting question initiates the expansion of the sequence and affords the participants an opportunity to discuss the rationale behind the advice, revise the advice, or adopt the alternative way of revision. Overall, the present study adds to the existing body of research on L2 writing tutorial interactions ...
The development of predatory aggression and defense in the domestic cat (Felis catus). I. Effects of early experience on adult patterns of aggression and defense.

Cats were reared with littermates from birth and periodically exposed to situations designed to mimic components of normal early feline experience. These included combinations of: (1) observation of an adult aggressive model; (2) competition from littermates for prey access; (3) hunger plus exposure to killed prey; (4) early exposure to rats and mice; and (5) no early experiences except cohabitation with mother and littermates until 4 months of age. The hunger plus exposure only to killed prey combination proved to be the most effective form of early experience in producing cats which would attack rats. Differential effects of experience on predatory attacks on mice were not in evidence. The one factor accounting for patterns of differences in attacks on rats was the greater caution displayed by nonaggressive cats towards rats. It is concluded that early experiences of the type investigated may influence adult attack by modulating defensiveness at some point early in life.
Characterization of nuclear localizing sequences derived from yeast ribosomal protein L29.

Abstract Two particular seven-amino-acid segments from yeast ribosomal protein L29 caused a non-nuclear reporter protein to associate almost exclusively with the yeast nucleus. The two L29-derived nuclear localizing sequences were identical in five of the seven residues, many of which were basic amino acids. Generally, localization of the reporter protein was most impaired by replacement of the basic residues. A particular Arg residue was unique; substitution by any amino acid including Lys diminished nuclear localization of the reporter protein. In L29 the corresponding Arg 25----Lys substitution within the nuclear localizing sequence distal to the N-terminus was without effect, as evidence by normal rates of ribosome assembly and cell growth. However, the analogous Arg 8----Lys substitution within the localizing sequence proximal to the N-terminus led to greatly reduced rates of ribosome assembly and cell growth. Finally, when both localizing sequences contained the Arg----Lys substitution a still greater decrease in ribosome assembly and cell growth was observed. These results were as expected if the two short peptide sequences functioned in nuclear localization and/or assembly of yeast ribosomal protein L29.
Introduction History Influences Aboveground Biomass Allocation in Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius)

Multiple introductions of an exotic species can facilitate invasion success by allowing for a wider range of expressed trait values in the adventive range. Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian peppertree) is an invasive shrub that was introduced into Florida in two separate introductions and has subsequently hybridized, resulting in three distinct lineages (eastern, western, and hybrid). To determine whether allocation of aboveground biomass differed by introduction history, we destructively sampled 257 stems from each of six populations with differing introduction histories. The proportion of aboveground biomass allocated to fruit, wood, and leaves differed among the three populations. To determine whether the relationship between stem size and several dependent variables that measure plant performance (total dry weight, wood dry weight, number of fruits, fruit dry weight, leaf dry weight, and number of leaves) differed quantitatively by introduction history, we performed analyses of covariance. Slopes of...
Video-based crack detection using deep learning and Nave Bayes data fusion

Regularly inspecting the components inside nuclear power plants is necessary to ensure their safe performance. Current inspection practices, however, are time consuming, tedious, and subjective that need technicians to watch videos and manually annotate cracks. While an autonomous inspection approach is desirable, state-of-the-art crack detection algorithms cannot perform well since the cracks on nuclear power plant reactors are typically very tiny with low contrast. The existence of scratches, welds, and grind marks on the surface makes the autonomous detection even more challenging. This study introduces a new framework that consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on deep learning, a spatiotemporal registration process, and a Nave Bayes data fusion scheme based on statistics. The proposed framework is evaluated using several inspection videos and achieves 98.3% hit rate against 0.1 false positives per frame where the hit rate is much higher than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
The Globalization of Comic-Con and the Sacralization of Popular Culture

In 1970, the Golden State Comic-Con was held in San Diego, California, with about 300 people in attendance. At the time, it was a relatively small convention of writers, artists and enthusiasts of comic books as well as science fiction and fantasy. Today, Comic-Con International: San Diego (as it is now called) is attended by over 130,000 people every July and is widely known as the premiere convention for fans celebrating comics and related popular arts. This chapter seeks to explore why Comic-Con has become such a popular event, particularly for fans, and why it has globalized in recent years. The chapter proposes a Durkheimian hypothesis: Comic-Con is a sacred ritual for devout fans, and it has globalized because key aspects of this event (e.g., the superhero) represent mythical archetypes that transcend national boundaries.
Biophysical Mass Spectrometry for Biopharmaceutical Process Development: Focus on Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange

Abstract Mass spectrometry is an indispensable method to study biopharmaceuticals. It has been widely used to investigate protein primary structure but can also be instrumental in understanding higher-order structure. Among the tools to assess higher-order protein structure and structural dynamics, solution-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange monitored by mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful technique to study protein-protein interactions, folding/unfolding pathways, conformational changes induced by ligand binding, etc. On incubation in deuterated buffer, the labile protein backbone amide hydrogens exchange for deuterium if they are readily exposed to the solvent and are not engaged in secondary-structure hydrogen bonding. Quench of the exchange reaction and subsequent proteolytic digestion generates dozens of peptide fragments for which mass increase as a function of incubation period is monitored by mass spectrometry. Comparison of deuterium incorporation between two states of the protein provides insight into conformational stability and solvent accessibility which are in turn dictated by the secondary, tertiary, and/or quaternary structure of the protein. In this chapter, we briefly discuss direct mass measurement and covalent labeling techniques as other ways of assessing protein higher-order structure. We provide an overview of the molecular mechanism of H/D exchange and highlight the technique developments at every stage of the experiment. We also describe several applications for current and future use in the biopharmaceutical environment.
Reflections on Academic Lives: Identities, Struggles, and Triumphs in Graduate School and Beyond by Staci M. Zavattaro and Shannon K. Orr

Zavattaro, S. M., & Orr, S. K. (2017). Reflections on academic lives: Identifies, struggles, and triumphs in graduate school and beyond. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. $139.99 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-137-60008-0
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) in 84 patients (pts) following radiation therapy (RT) only.

e18534Background: Exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with the development of secondary malignancies including t-MNs, a clinically defined subset of myeloid leukemia with characteristic fe...
Rare Earth Separations: Kinetics and Mechanistic Theories

Abstract Pure rare earth materials are critical to many technologies, and efficient industrial-scale solvent extraction processes are important to reducing costs and meeting the demands of this growing and essential industry. Unfortunately, the similar chemical properties of the rare earths make their separation difficult and time consuming. Understanding and optimizing the kinetics of rare earth separations represent an often overlooked approach to increasing the throughput of rare earth separations. However, the kinetics of solvent extraction can be incredibly complex. The presence of two bulk phases, stagnant diffusion layers, the interfacial regions as well as the interface itself, mandates careful experimentation across a wide range of conditions. To stimulate kinetic studies of rare earth separations, we provide an overview of liquid-liquid extraction chemistry relevant to rare earth separations, the equipment and methods for collecting kinetics data, and fundamental kinetic models for dealing with extractions controlled by diffusion or slow chemical reactions. Published kinetic studies available for rare earth extractions using the most viable and industrially applied systems are also reviewed and analyzed.
Voluntary Control of Residual Antagonistic Muscles in Transtibial Amputees: Reciprocal Activation, Coactivation, and Implications for Direct Neural Control of Powered Lower Limb Prostheses

Residual ankle muscles (i.e., previously antagonistic ankle muscles) of transtibial amputees are a potential source for continuous feedforward control of powered ankle prostheses using proportional myoelectric control. The ability for transtibial amputees to use their residual ankle muscles for two control input degrees of freedom (i.e., two independent myoelectric control input sources) for direct neural control depends on the ability for amputees to generate varying magnitudes of reciprocal activation and coactivation using their residual ankle muscles, which is not well understood. In this paper, we aimed to fill this knowledge gap. We asked 12 transtibial amputees to control the 2-D movement of a computer cursor using continuous proportional myoelectric control via their residual plantar flexor and residual dorsiflexor muscles to define their reachable 2-D control input space. The x–y position of the computer cursor was directly proportional to the independent continuous myoelectric control signals from the residual lateral gastrocnemius (x-axis) and the residual tibialis anterior (y-axis) where the limits of each axis were 0%–100% maximum voluntary activation of the corresponding residual muscle. Our results show that the reachable control input space varied widely across amputee subjects ranging from 38% to 81% of the maximum possible control input space. The cumulative time for the amputee subjects to saturate their reachable control input space ranged from 1.95 to 6.85 min. The amputee subjects used different residual muscle activation patterns and coordination strategies to expand their reachable control input space depending on their ability to perform coactivation and reciprocal activation using their residual plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles. The future development of powered lower limb prostheses using direct continuous proportional myoelectric control via residual muscles (e.g., for direct voluntary control of prosthesis joint impedance) should consider how an amputee user’s immediately accessible residual muscle activation patterns and reachable 2-D control input space may affect their learning and performance.
Constant Strain Rate Technique for Assessing Stress-Corrosion Susceptibility

The constant strain rate technique is a rapid laboratory method to assess susceptibility of metals and alloys to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). Positive results are obtained since specimen failure occurs, either in a ductile manner or prematurely in a brittle mode if SCC occurs. Experimental apparatus, methods to interpret results, and important experimental parameters are discussed.
Image denoising using convolutional neural network

Satellite and aerial imaging is being one of the most attractive source of information for the governmental agencies and the commercial companies in recent times. The quality of the images is very important to pick the valuable information from the details especially for high value targets. Satellite images may have unwanted signals called as noise in addition to useful information for several reasons such as heat generated electrons, bad sensor, vibration and clouds. There are several image denoising algorithms to reduce the effects of noise over the image to see the details and gather meaningful information. Many of the traditional denoising methods can filter noise, but at the same time they make the image details fuzzy. This paper presents the convolutional neural network (CNN) based image denoising method that retains the image detail but removes the unwanted noise. The proposed method employs a residual learning strategy, meaning that the CNN network learns to estimate the residual image. A residual image is the difference between a pristine image and a distorted copy of the image, and contains information about the image distortion. An extensive experiments demonstrate that proposed CNN denoising model can not only exhibit high effectiveness in image denoising tasks, but also be efficiently implemented by benefiting from GPU computing. The proposed method is applied to both aerial and satellite imagery and effectiveness is measured using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structure Similarity Index Metric (SSIM), and Naturalness Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), which is also called perceptual quality index.
Suicide-related over-the-counter analgesic exposures reported to United States poison control centers, 2000-2018.

Purpose To investigate suicide-related over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic medication exposures among individuals ≥6 years old reported to United States (US) poison control centers. Methods Data from the National Poison Data System for the years 2000-2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results From 2000 to 2018, US poison control centers recorded 549 807 suicide-related cases involving OTC analgesics, including 327 781 cases (59.6%) admitted to the hospital and 1745 deaths (0.3%). Most cases involved a single substance (67.5%) and occurred among females (72.7%) and individuals 6-19 years old (49.7%). Overall, the rate of exposures increased significantly by 33.5% from 2000 to 2018, primarily driven by the increasing exposure rate among 6- to 19-year-old females. From 2000 to 2018, exposure rates for acetaminophen and ibuprofen increased, while that for acetylsalicylic acid decreased. Additionally, the proportion of cases resulting in a serious medical outcome or healthcare facility admission increased for all types of OTC analgesics. Acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid accounted for 48.0% and 18.5% of cases, respectively, and 64.5% and 32.6% of deaths, respectively. Both acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid had greater odds of healthcare facility admission (ORs 2.56 and 2.63, respectively) and serious medical outcomes (ORs 2.54 and 4.90, respectively) compared with ibuprofen. Conclusions The rate of suicide-related OTC analgesic cases is increasing. Acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid cases are associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Prevention efforts should include implementing unit-dose packaging requirements and restrictions on package sizes and purchase quantities for acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid products to reduce access to large quantities of these analgesics.
Wideband very large array observations of A2256. I. Continuum, rotation measure, and spectral imaging

We report new observations of A2256 with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at frequencies between 1 and 8 GHz. These observations take advantage of the 2:1 bandwidths available during a single observation to study the spectral index, polarization, and rotation measure as well as using the associated higher sensitivity per unit time to image total intensity features down to ~0.''5 resolution. We find that the Large Relic, which dominates the cluster, is made up of a complex of filaments that show correlated distributions in intensity, spectral index, and fractional polarization. The rotation measure varies across the face of the Large Relic but is not well correlated with the other properties of the source. The shape of individual filaments suggests that the Large Relic is at least 25 kpc thick. We detect a low surface brightness arc connecting the Large Relic to the Halo and other radio structures, suggesting a physical connection between these features. The center of the F-complex is dominated by a very steep-spectrum, polarized, ring-like structure, F2, without an obvious optical identification, but the entire F-complex does have interesting morphological similarities to the radio structure of NGC 1265. Source C, the Long Tail, is unresolved in width near the galaxy core and is 100 pc in diameter there. This morphology suggests either that C is a one-sided jet or that the bending of the tails takes place very near the core, consistent with the parent galaxy having undergone extreme stripping. Overall it seems that many of the unusual phenomena can be understood in the context of A2256 being near the pericenter of a slightly off-axis merger between a cluster and a smaller group. Given the lack of evidence for a strong shock associated with the Large Relic, other models should be considered, such as reconnection between two large-scale magnetic domains.
The Individualized Addictions Consultation Team Residential Program: A Creative Solution for Integrating Care for Veterans With Substance Use Disorders Too Complex for Other Residential Treatment Programs.

The Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system is one of the main providers of substance use treatment within the United States, and many veterans with a substance use disorder (SUD) present with co-o...
Predictive Analytics of Donors in crowdfunding platforms: A case study on Donorschoose.org

Every year donors support crowdfunding organizations like DonorsChoose.org. With the decline in the number of contributions received every year, initiatives in United States schools are affected. Donorschoose is a readily available dataset which contains data about US school projects proposed by teachers. In this paper, we apply machine learning algorithms, and we analyze each feature of the Donorschoose including the actions of donors for every project to encourage school's funding. We also provide probability and statistical modeling techniques to compare with the machine learning results. Some of the findings include that donor will be retained if they had a positive interaction overall with the organization, and the targeting donors specific to location also improves new donors to join. Finally, we present some main facets of the dataset concerning the approval of the project donations.
Systems genetic analysis of nicotine withdrawal deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning.

Cognitive deficits, such as disrupted learning, are a major symptom of nicotine withdrawal. These deficits are heritable, yet their genetic basis is largely unknown. Our lab has developed a mouse model of nicotine withdrawal deficits in learning, using chronic nicotine exposure via osmotic minipumps and fear conditioning. Here, we utilized the BXD genetic reference panel to identify genetic variants underlying nicotine withdrawal deficits in learning. Male and female mice (n = 6-11 per sex per strain, 31 strains) received either chronic saline or nicotine (6.3 mg/kg per day for 12 days), and were then tested for hippocampus-dependent learning deficits using contextual fear conditioning. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analyses using GeneNetwork identified a significant QTL on Chromosome 4 (82.13 Mb, LRS = 20.03, p < 0.05). Publicly available hippocampal gene expression data were used to identify eight positional candidates (Snacpc3, Mysm1, Rps6, Plaa, Lurap1l, Slc24a2, Hacd4, Ptprd) that overlapped with our behavioral QTL and correlated with our behavioral data. Overall, this study demonstrates that genetic factors impact cognitive deficits during nicotine withdrawal in the BXD recombinant inbred panel and identifies candidate genes for future research.
Resilience for Whom? Insights from COVID-19 for Social Equity in Resilience

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the social equity concerns inherent in system-wide concepts of ‘community resilience.’ Resilience of the collective may overlook or even be achieved at the expense of the resilience of populations within the community. COVID-19 is inequitable with respect to exposure, severity, and response. It affects the ability of communities to respond to other challenges including natural hazards, mental health, and domestic violence. Resilience to the pandemic has proven to involve not only traditional metrics of public health and economic welfare but a wide range of concerns such as childcare and gender equity. The experiences of COVID-19, then, argue for a broad conceptualization of general resilience involving a wide range of issues but a narrow emphasis on individual experiences rather than community-level metrics. The pandemic could exacerbate inequalities if powerful or privileged groups leverage resources not available to all members of the community to maintain personal resilience. Pandemics and other slow-onset or aggregate hazards have historically had little influence on policy, but the global, long-term nature of COVID-19 and collective nature of responses such as lockdowns create potential for powerful individuals to pursue social reforms that will benefit all and lead to true community-wide resilience.
Beta turn propensity and a model polymer scaling exponent identify disordered proteins that phase separate

Abstract The complex cellular milieu can spontaneously de-mix in a process controlled in part by proteins that are intrinsically disordered (ID). A protein’s propensity to de-mix is thought to be driven by the preference for protein-protein rather than protein-solvent interactions. The hydrodynamic size of monomeric proteins, as quantified by the polymer scaling exponent (v), is driven by a similar balance. We hypothesize that mean v, as predicted by the protein sequence, will be smaller for proteins with a strong propensity to de-mix. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed protein databases containing subsets that are either folded, disordered, or disordered and known to spontaneously phase separate. We find that the phase separating disordered proteins, on average, have lower calculated values of v compared to their non-phase separating counterparts. Moreover, these proteins have a higher sequence-predicted propensity for β-turns. Using a simple, surface areabased model, we propose a physical mechanism for this difference: transient β-turn structures reduce the desolvation penalty of forming a protein-rich phase and increase exposure of atoms involved in π/sp2 electronic interactions. By this mechanism, β-turns act as energetically favored nucleation points, which may explain the increased propensity for turns in ID regions (IDRs) that are utilized biologically for phase separation. Phase separating IDRs, non-phase separating IDRs, and folded regions could be distinguished by combining v and β-turn propensity, and we propose a new algorithm, ParSe (partition sequence), for predicting phase separating protein regions. ParSe is able to accurately identify folded, disordered, and phase-separating protein regions from the primary sequence.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia as Measured by Patient-Reported Outcomes: Current State and Future Directions.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) allow many patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) to live normal life spans but have the potential to impact patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures can provide valuable information to inform treatment decision-making. Here, we review pivotal studies that used PRO measures to evaluate HRQOL of patients with CML in the first-line and treatment-free remission (TFR), and identify areas for future research. PRO measures commonly studied in patients with CML include the SF-36, FACT-Leu, EORTC QLQ-CML24, and MDASI CML. Cohort or cross-sectional studies provide the most data on PRO measures in patients with CML, with less information available from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Patients with CML taking TKIs have worse HRQOL compared to matched controls, with a few studies seeing a larger effect in younger patients (< 60 years old). No single TKI consistently has better HRQOL compared to other agents. Fatigue is a predominant symptom associated with impaired HRQOL across many studies. Studies evaluating TFR show stable or improved HRQOL after TKI discontinuation. There are areas of HRQOL detrimental to patients with other types of cancer (e.g., cognition, sexuality) that warrant further evaluation in patients with CML. Understanding the HRQOL of patients with CML is increasingly important as patients live near-normal life expectancies. PRO measures have the potential to inform treatment decisions in this patient population. Future research opportunities include using PRO measures in RCTs and expanding the HRQOL topics studied in patients with CML.
The Wages of Criminal Law Exceptionalism

In this short essay, I suggest a few specific ways in which criminal law exceptionalism has shaped the theory and practice of criminal law. First, criminal law exceptionalism isolates criminal theory from legal theory more generally, with the result that criminal theorists often miss insights from other legal fields. Relatedly but more broadly, criminal law exceptionalism can make sociology, psychology, history, and political theory invisible or seemingly irrelevant to criminal theory. Together, these two forms of scholarly insularity put criminal theory (or criminal theorists) into a silo in which the political, social, and historical contexts of actual criminal legal practices disappear from view. Ultimately, the siloed thinking of criminal law exceptionalism makes it difficult or impossible to contemplate a world without criminal law. Thus criminal law exceptionalism does its ideological work: it produces and reinforces the belief that criminal law is indispensable, a belief that in turn motivates policy choices and informs legal practices.
Acanthohaustorius uncinus, a New Species of Sand- Burrowing Amphipod from the Northern Gulf of Mexico, with Notes on its Ecology (Haustoriidae: Haustoriinae)

A new species of sand-burrowing amphipod, Acanthohaustorius uncinus, is described from vegetated and unvcgetated estuarine sands from St. Andrew Bay, Florida and East Ship Island, Mississippi. The genus Acanthohaustorius has been informally recorded from St. Andrew Bay, but this species is now formally descrikd from the Gulf of Mexico. A. uncinus n. sp. is most similar to A. m i l k of the Open American Atlantic coast. It differs from A. miZZsi in the presence of a dorsally directed, hooked spine on the peduncle of uropod 1 and the totally cleft telson lobes. Information on the ecology of A. uncinus n. sp. in St. Andrew Bay is provided, along with a revised key to the known species of Acanthohaustorius and a brief review of haustoriid studies in the Gulf of Mexico.
An Interactive Image Management System for Face Information Retrieval

The complex nature of two-dimensional image data has presented problems for traditional information systems designed strictly fo alpha-numeric data. In many systems, images are simply treated as an additional data type, making no use of the actual image data. However, this image data provides an enormous amount of information and should be utilized for more powerful retrieval capabilities. In this paper we present a general system architecture for image management systems which combines the strengths of computer vision systems with traditional information management techniques. This system will provide a general framework for the development of any domain-specific application. Our approach utilizes computer vision routines for both insertion and retrieval, and allows easy query-by-example specifications. The vision routines are used to segment and evaluate images based on descriptions of the domain objects and their attributes. The vision system can then assign feature values to be used for similarity-measures and image retrieval. An image management system developed for face-image retrieval is presented to demonstrate these ideas.
HCV in sickle cell disease.

The sickle cell gene is common in the U.S. In fact 8% of African Americans are healthy carriers of the sickle cell trait (HbAS). People who are homozygous (HbSS) have severe disease. They have life-long anemia, chronic hemolysis, and also have at times hematological crises, which can worsen the anemia. Many patients require chronic transfusions and as a result, substantial proportions of sickle cell patients are at high risk for infection with blood-borne diseases-such as Hepatitis C Virus infection (HCV). The HCV antibody positivity is directly related to the number of transfusions given, and on average the prevalence rate in transfused patients is more than 10%. It is known that the combination of iron overload and HCV can lead to a more rapidly progressive liver disease. The treatment of HCV in sickle cell patients poses a challenge to clinicians. A novel approach described by some is the pre-treatment of these patients with hydroxyurea to increase the fetal hemoglobin, therefore decreasing the severity of Ribavirin-related hemolysis. Treatment with Peg-interferon alone has not been used to treat HCV in sickle cell patients, but in the setting of controlled clinical trials it would be feasible. This review explores the impact of HCV in sickle cell patients and the possible therapeutic options available to them.
Ultrafast photochemistry of chlorine dioxide in water studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

Summary form only given. The photoreactivity of chlorine dioxide (OClO) has been a subject of great interest in photochemistry. We have investigated the ultrafast dynamics of the liquid-phase photochemistry of OClO using time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. In this report, we present the transient absorption results for OClO in aqueous solution obtained with femtosecond time resolution. The transient absorption dynamics were studied with a wide range of probe spectral coverage, from 350-700 nm.
Ethnography and Human Development: Context and Meaning in Social Inquiry

Ethnography and Human Development: Context and Meaning in Social Inquiry. Richard Jessor. Anne Colby. and Richard Shweder. eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. pp. 516.
Graded requirement for the zygotic terminal gene, tailless, in the brain and tail region of the Drosophila embryo

We have used hypomorphic and null tailless (tll) alleles to carry out a detailed analysis of the effects of the lack of tll gene activity on anterior and posterior regions of the embryo. The arrangement of tll alleles into a continuous series clarifies the relationship between the anterior and posterior functions of the tll gene and indicates that there is a graded sensitivity of anterior and posterior structures to a decrease in tll gene activity. With the deletion of both anterior and posterior pattern domains in tll null embryos, there is a poleward expansion of the remaining pattern. Using anti-horseradish peroxidase staining, we show that the formation of the embryonic brain requires tll. A phenotypic and genetic study of other pattern mutants places the tll gene within the hierarchy of maternal and zygotic genes required for the formation of the normal body pattern. Analysis of mutants doubly deficient in tll and maternal terminal genes is consistent with the idea that these genes act together in a common pathway to establish the domains at opposite ends of the embryo. We propose that tll establishes anterior and posterior subdomains (acron and tail regions, respectively) within the larger pattern regions affected by the maternal terminal genes.
Central Skills Log – an innovation in practice-based learning

ABSTRACT:Up-to-date, adaptable and specially designed to help students excel, Central Qualifications’ online system for recording clinical assessments – the Central Skills Log (CSL) – is the latest cutting-edge tool for the veterinary education sector. This article explores how this innovative learning portal supports students, teaching staff and the profession in the training of veterinary nurses.
Properties Of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Leak In Rabbit Ventricular And Atrial Myocytes

To investigate properties of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca leak in ventricular and atrial myocytes, we simultaneously measured Ca sparks and intra-SR free Ca ([Ca]SR) after sarcolemma permeabilization. SR Ca leak (Δ[Ca]SR-total/s) was measured over a wide range of SR Ca loads after complete SERCA inhibition with thapsigargin. We found that in both tissues the ryanodine receptor (RyR) was the main contributor to SR Ca leak. RyR-mediated leak occurred in part as Ca sparks, but also as non-spark-mediated leak. Additionally, there was a component of SR Ca leak that was insensitive to RyR inhibitors. In contrast to ventricular cells, atrial SR had a slower total leak rate mainly due to a smaller contribution from RyR non-spark-mediated leak. As result of this, atrial myocytes had a higher SR Ca load under control conditions (1.4 mM) than ventricular (0.8 mM). RyR type-2 expression levels were similar in both types of cells suggesting that observed differences in SR leak are due to difference in RyR regulation. Activation of IP3 receptors (IP3R) increased total SR Ca leak rate more than 2-fold in atrial myocytes, but only slightly affected leak in ventricular myocytes. This finding agrees with higher (more than 3 times) IP3R type-2 and -3 expression levels in atrial than in ventricular myocytes. In conclusion, ventricular myocytes have a more “leaky” SR than atrial cells due to higher RyR activity at resting condition. However, SR Ca leak in atrial myocytes can be facilitated significantly during activation of IP3-dependent signaling pathways.
Ionic Association and Electron Spin Relaxation Rates in Aquo Gadolinium(III) Complexes

Abstract The electron paramagnetic resonance linewidth of aquo gadolinium(III) ion changes with the counter-ion identity and concentration in aqueous solutions. The EPR linewidth of 2 mMgadolinium(III) chloride increases from 49.2 to 89.0 mT when carbonate ion is added and decreases to 17.3 mT when nitrite ion is added. These observations suggest association reactions between aquo gadolinium(III) ion and anions that change the electron spin relaxation rates of the aquo ion. The concentration dependence of the gadolinium(III) EPR linewidth is consistent with binding constants for nitrite and nitrate ion with the aquo gadolinium(III) ion of 37 ± 6 and 2.3 ± 0.3 L mol−1respectively. The decreases in the EPR linewidth factors with these association reactions are difficult to understand unless the anion reactions increase the symmetry of the metal center. Although first-coordination reactions may not be ruled out, the decrease in EPR linewidth is more consistent with an outer-sphere association reaction that also reduces the coordination number of the metal center from 9 to 8.
A Winter Dig at the Mesnard Mine Pewabic Lode, Houghton County, MI

(2008). A Winter Dig at the Mesnard Mine Pewabic Lode, Houghton County, MI. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 314-319.