cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restudy on the Strength Training for the Basketball Players of Colleges and Universities

The strength training methods are different with different objects.The training model for professional players and athletics players doesn't fit the basketball players of colleges and universities due to such factors as the poor strength of the latter,the short-term pursuit of strength training and the frequent alteration of the training plan.This paper,based on reading literature,analysed the characteristics of the strength training for basketball players of colleges and universities.After that,six strength training principles and four methods were put forward for the reference of basketball coaches.
Mental Health Status of Pupils between the Migrant Primary School and Public Primary Schools:a Pilot Study in Jinan

Objectives To explore the mental health status of pupils between the migrant primary school and public primary schools,and provide evidence for promotion of pupils' mental health.Methods 523 and 201students respectively in school for 3 migrant workers children and 1public primary school were investigated by applying the Mental Health Test.Results The total score of mental health of pupils of school for migrant workers children was significantly higher than that of public primary school;family economic status,mother's education level and parental marital status were the main influencing factors of children's mental health.Conclusions Family,school and society need to focus on the mental health of children of migrant primary school,especially boys.The gap of mental health status of pupils between the migrant primary school and public primary schools might be related with the social label,which is worthy of studying in the further.
Production of arterial hypertension by cadmium in the dog.

Abstract This investigation was undertaken to determine whether or not systemic arterial hypertension could be induced in the dog by cadmium, an environmental trace metal implicated in the pathophysiology of human hypertension. Eight adult healthy female mongrel dogs were given 24 intraperitoneal injection of cadmium acetate, 2 mg. per kilogram body weight over a 9 month period. Systemic blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, in vivo magnification selective renal arteriography and regional distribution of renal blood flow, and detailed hematologic and biochemical studies were serially performed. It was found that there was no mortality or significant morbidity or changes in the total body weights of the cadmium-treated dogs. Except for the decreased creatinine clearance in the cadmium-treated dogs, there were no significant abnormalities detected in the hematologic and biochemical monitoring of the renal, hepatic, and cardiac systems, and mineral metabolism. The average mean arterial pressure was significantly elevated (P
Management of optic pathway tumors of childhood.

Optic pathway tumors comprise a broad spectrum of tumors ranging from tubular thickening of the optic nerves and chiasm to massive exophytic lesions of the hypothalamus that occupy a large portion of the deep midline structures.
Gene profile of adult neural crest stem cells from hair follicles

We report the first transcriptome for mouse epidermal neural crest stem cells (EPI-NCSC, formerly eNCSC). EPI-NCSC represent a novel type of multipotent adult stem cell that originates from the emb...
Fat-Containing Hypermetabolic Masses on FDG PET/CT: A Spectrum of Benign and Malignant Conditions

OBJECTIVE. This article focuses on identifying the imaging appearances of hypermetabolic fatty masses and masslike lesions on PET/CT and understanding the diagnostic challenges radiologists may face while interpreting findings of these lesions on PET/CT. This article provides an approach to aid in the diagnosis of these lesions and the appropriate management of patients. CONCLUSION. Both malignant and benign fat-containing masses and masslike lesions can show hypermetabolic activity on PET/CT. Although the differential diagnosis is broad, clinical history, anatomic location, and knowledge of anatomic variants and imaging features can help radiologists avoid misinterpretation of benign fatty lesions as malignancy.
The Idea and Reality of the Asian Currency Unit (ACU)

There has been much talk about whether Asia is decoupling from the US. Will Asia be able to withstand a sharp downturn in the US economy? As of now the answer must surely be “no”. The region is heavily dependent on the US and the European Union (EU) as the final destinations for its exports. There are also many other intricate monetary and financial linkages between the US and Asia, including the heavy dependence of the region on US dollar-denominated assets. However, as Asia continues on its path of intensified economic monetary and financial regionalism (MFR), it is conceivable that the region can become more independent from the US. It is in this context that one needs to understand recent events in Asian MFR.
Polystyrene Glasses under Compression: Ductile and Brittle Responses

Polystyrene of different molecular weights and their binary mixtures are studied in terms of their various mechanical responses to uniaxial compression at different temperatures. PS of Mw = 25 kg/mol is completely brittle until it is above its glass transition temperature Tg. In contrast, upon incorporation of a high molecular weight component, PS mixtures turn from barely ductile a few degrees below its Tg to ductile over 40° below Tg. In the upper limit, a PS of Mw = 319 kg/mol yields and undergoes plastic flow, even at T = −70 °C. The observed dependence of mechanical responses on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be adequately rationalized by the idea that yielding and plastic compression are caused by chain networking.
Photoelectrochemical reaction in conducting polymers for solar energy harvesting and charge storage

Energy storage is an essential ground for solar energy systems, particularly for the off-grid applications. Concurrent energy harvesting and charge storage in a photoactive supercapacitor has already been demonstrated. The key element in such a device is a conducting polymer which stores the charge via change in its redox states. In this work, we have studied the photoelectrochemical reactions in composites of polyaniline (PANI). We used the electrochemical deposition method for the polymer growth. The results of the current study indicate that the photo-reactivity of the materials largely depends on the electrolyte and the type of the dye molecule. Among different synthetic dyes, methylene blue has shown the strongest photoelectrochemical reaction in an HCl electrolyte. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results showed that the amplitude of the redox peaks changes significantly upon illumination. The amount of stored charges in the polymer was estimated from the CV results. The results encourage the application of PANI for charge storage in a photoactive supercapacitor.
Lake States natural resource managers' perspectives on forest land parcelization and its implications for public land management

Field-based public natural resource managers in the Lake States (MI, MN, WI) were surveyed for their perspectives on various aspects of private forest land parcelization. This includes their perceptions of recent changes in parcelization activity, drivers and impacts, mitigation strategies, and ability to influence parcelization. Their perspectives on the implications private forest land parcelization has on public land management were also sought. Across the Lake States, most public natural resource managers have witnessed an increasing frequency of forest land parcelization. They consider development potential and proximity to population centers to be the most influential driver of parcelization, with decreased timber supply and loss of recreational access on private land the most likely outcomes. The study documented important perceived linkages between private forest land parcelization and public land management, such as increased conflicts on public land, decreased access to public land, and increased demand for and cost of managing public land.
Revision total knee arthroplasty due to bone cement and metal hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity to implants is a rare complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Metal and, less frequently, bone cement can produce allergic symptomatology that if unresponsive to conservative treatment could lead to revision. We present the case of a patient with generalized pruritus and metal taste starting during the first postoperative month after TKA. Dermal allergy exams revealed that the patient had hypersensitivity to nickel sulphate and cobalt chloride and bone cement. Conservative treatment with antihistamine medication and corticosteroids failed to control the symptoms. The patient underwent revision TKA with a hypoallergic prosthesis 8 months after the primary procedure. Full disappearance of the symptoms occurred 3 months after revision. The latest follow-up evaluation (3 years post-revision) was unremarkable. In our opinion, an exhaustive medical history should be obtained from every candidate for total joint replacement and in cases of prior severe allergic reactions to metals, plastics or glues, patch testing of the components of the future prosthesis should be done. When an already implanted prosthesis causes symptoms like pain, edema, pruritus, erythema, limited range of motion and increase in joint’s temperature, the possibility of allergy to metals and/or bone cement (in case of cemented prosthesis) should be checked after the exclusion of other reasons like infection. If symptoms cannot be controlled by conservative measures, revision should be decided and carried out with hypoallergic prosthesis.
Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with hematopoietic neoplasms: the need for an integrated approach.

Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluation plays an increasing role in the diagnosis and staging of hematopoietic neoplasms. The evaluation is based on the cytomorphologic evaluation (CE) of the specimen and flow cytometry study (FCS). The impact of the increased sensitivity of multicolor FCS and its correlation with the morphological analysis of CSF needs to be evaluated to better guide clinical management. Materials and methods CSF specimens sent for CE and FCS obtained over a 9-month period were retrospectively analyzed. Cases were considered completely discordant if one method detected an abnormal hematologic population and the corresponding method was negative and partially discordant if FCS detected an abnormal hematologic population and the CE was atypical or suspicious. Root cause analysis of these discrepancies was performed. Results A total of 78 of 361 cases (22%) had discordant results; 72 cases were from patients with hematopoietic neoplasms—22 cases were completely discordant and 50 were partially discordant. FCS had a sensitivity of 95.3% and a specificity of 98.1% for detecting abnormal hematopoietic populations. CE rendered a positive diagnosis in 17.6% of cases with a specificity of 100%. Conclusions Our series demonstrates evaluation of CSF involvement by hematopoietic malignancy with FCS is more sensitive than and equally specific as CE. Nonetheless, CE remains one of the mainstays in the evaluation of CSF specimens. Optimizing cytologic evaluation through process modifications including decreasing screening area and evaluation of multiple preparations increased the detection rate of malignant cells. As such, optimal CSF evaluation and integration FCS is critical in patient management.
Sensing trace levels of molecular species in solution via zinc oxide nanoprobe Raman spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has potential for unique clinical, environmental, and military applications, among many others, but it is limited by a rapid decrease in signal with distance from the sensing surface. For this reason, much study of SERS-based biosensing involves chemical or physical adsorption of analytes to an active surface. Adsorption, however, limits the types of analytes that can be detected and detection sensitivity. The three-dimensional closely packed architecture of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires decorated with silver nanoparticles increases SERS intensity, allowing for adsorption-free biosensing. This approach greatly expands the potential applications of Raman spectroscopy as a biosensing technique. This work demonstrates a significant SERS enhancement from silver nanoparticle-decorated ZnO nanoprobes to the Raman spectra of crystal violet, melamine, and adenine solutions. These enhancements were quantified by comparing the intensity of Raman peaks from each of the three solutions through ZnO nanowires decorated with silver nanoparticles with that through bare ZnO nanowires. Estimated enhancement of the Raman signal accounted for the volume difference between solution affected by SERS and solution sensed by the Raman system. More importantly, the detected SERS signal is from molecules in solution and unadsorbed to the sensing surfaces. This lack of adsorption was confirmed by tracking the SERS enhancement of a crystal violet Raman peak over time. This greatly enhances the value and flexibility of Raman spectroscopy as a detection technique for a wide variety of applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leveraging User Input and Feedback for Interactive Sound Event Detection and Annotation

Tagging of environment audio events is essential in many areas. However, finding sound events and labeling them within a long audio file is tedious and time-consuming. Building an automatic recognition system using modern machine learning is often not feasible because it requires a large number of human-labeled training examples and it is not reliable enough for all uses. I propose interactive sound event detection to solve the issue by combining machine search with human tagging, specifically focusing on the effectiveness of various types of user-inputs to the interactive sound searching. The types of user inputs that I will explore include binary relevance feedback, segmentation, and vocal imitation. I expect that leveraging one or combination of these user inputs would help users find audio contents of interest quickly and accurately, even in the situation where there are not enough training examples for a typical automated system.
Lessons from the Past? Memory, Narrativity and Subjectivity

National memory once focused on celebrating past glories, making triumphs the backbone for collective identity. Contemporary memorialisation projects, however, overwhelmingly grapple with episodes ...
Psychoactive Medications and Adverse Outcomes among Older Adults Receiving Hemodialysis

Background Guidelines recommend avoidance of several psychoactive medications such as hypnotics in older adults due to their adverse effects. Older patients on hemodialysis may be particularly vulnerable to complications related to use of these agents, but only limited data are available about the risks in this population. Objectives To evaluate the association between the use of psychoactive medications and time to first emergency department visit or hospitalization for altered mental status, fall, and fracture among older patients receiving hemodialysis. Design Observational cohort study. Setting National registry of patients receiving hemodialysis (US Renal Data System). Participants A total of 60 007 adults 65 years or older receiving hemodialysis with Medicare Part D coverage in 2011. Measurements The predictors were use of sedative-hypnotics and anticholinergic antidepressants (modeled as separate time-varying exposures). The outcomes were time to first emergency department visit or hospitalization for altered mental status, fall, and fracture (modeled separately). Results Overall, 17% and 6% used sedative-hypnotics and anticholinergic antidepressants, respectively, in 2011. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression, anticholinergic antidepressant use was associated with a 25%, 27%, and 39% higher hazard of altered mental status, fall, and fracture, respectively, compared with no use. Use of sedative-hypnotics was not associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusion Anticholinergic antidepressants were associated with adverse outcomes in older hemodialysis patients, and alternative treatments should be considered. Sedative-hypnotics were not associated with the risks evaluated in this study, but further investigation of the harms of this class of agents is warranted before their recommendation as a treatment option for insomnia in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:449-454, 2019.
Environmental Justice and Farm Labor

Utilizing a model derived from literature on environmental justice overlaid with multiple scales of agriculture, Environmental Justice and Farm Labor provides key insights about laborers in agriculture in the United States. It addresses three main topics: (1) justice-related issues facing farmers and laborers on farms; (2) how history and policy have impacted them; and (3) the opportunities and leverage points for change in improving justice outcomes. It explores who labors in US agriculture and the justice-related issues facing these workers, including occupational injury and illness, lack of access to healthcare, substandard housing, hunger, low wages, issues pertaining to immigration, and the inability to organize. In addition, it assesses the impacts of labor safety, immigration and international policy, and in particular the effects of organic and fair trade certification. Two detailed case studies, one based on conventional agriculture in Florida and the other on organic agriculture in the Northeast, highlight the interrelated but unique challenges facing those who labor in the different sectors of this complex agricultural system. Finally, it touches on justice claims and the role of grassroots activism in improving justice outcomes by highlighting organizations operating at multiple scales to contribute to the livelihood of farmers and laborers in the different areas of agriculture.
Bevel- versus pencil-point needles for myelography

The frequency of spinal headache following myelography was assessed comparing the pencil-point side-hole spinal needle (Sprotte) with the bevel-tip end-hole spinal needle (Quincke). All needles were 22 gauge. The quality of the myelogram was also studied. We reviewed 100 patients referred for myelography: 4 of 47 (8.5%) patients in the pencil-point needle group and 13 of 53 (24%) in the bevel needle group experienced spinal headaches. There was no difference in myelographic quality between the two groups.
How Much Do Unstated Problem Constraints Limit Deep Robotic Reinforcement Learning

Deep Reinforcement Learning is a promising paradigm for robotic control which has been shown to be capable of learning policies for high-dimensional, continuous control of unmodeled systems. However, RoboticReinforcement Learning currently lacks clearly defined benchmark tasks, which makes it difficult for researchers to reproduce and compare against prior work. ``Reacher'' tasks, which are fundamental to robotic manipulation, are commonly used as benchmarks, but the lack of a formal specification elides details that are crucial to replication. In this paper we present a novel empirical analysis which shows that the unstated spatial constraints in commonly used implementations of Reacher tasks make it dramatically easier to learn a successful control policy with DeepDeterministic Policy Gradients (DDPG), a state-of-the-art Deep RL algorithm. Our analysis suggests that less constrained Reacher tasks are significantly more difficult to learn, and hence that existing de facto benchmarks are not representative of the difficulty of general robotic manipulation.
Neurology: Challenges, opportunities, and the way forward.

The profession of neurology has come a long way over the years. In 1664, Thomas Willis in his textbook Cerebral Anatomy described the different structures in the brain and coined the word “neurology”—a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function, and diseases of the nervous system. Although our profession may have originated about 355 years ago, it has had more rapid advancement in the last 50 years.
On the CLT of additive functionals of Markov chains

In this paper we study the additive functionals of Markov chains via conditioning with respect to both past and future of the chain. We shall point out new sufficient projective conditions, which assure that the variance of partial sums of n consecutive random variables of a stationary Markov chain is linear in n. The paper also addresses the central limit theorem problem and is listing several open questions.
Covid-19 related hospital admissions in the United States: needs and outcomes.

Lessons from rigorous inpatient studies will inform long term follow-up and continuing care
Jointly optimizing user clustering, power management, and wireless channel allocation for NOMA-based Internet of Things

Abstract In order to accommodate the large number of Internet of Things (IoT) connections in mobile networks, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been applied as the resource sharing mechanism in mobile access networks to improve the spectrum efficiency. The NOMA-based resource management for uplink communications comprises two problems, i.e., user clustering and power & wireless channel allocation. User clustering refers to assigning users in terms of IoT devices to different clusters (where users in the same cluster are sharing the wireless channels to upload their data), and power & wireless channel allocation is to optimize the transmission power of the users and the number of wireless channels allocated to the users in a cluster. The two problems are coupled together, thus making it difficult to solve the NOMA-based resource management problem. In this paper, we propose a QoS-aWarE resourcE managemenT (SWEET) for NOMA algorithm to jointly optimize the user clustering, power management, and wireless channel allocation such that the number of wireless channels is minimized and the data rate requirements of the users can be satisfied. The performance of SWEET is validated via extensive simulations.
Report to Law Revisions Commission Regarding Recommendations for Changes to California Arbitration Law

In this Article, Professor Alford discusses a report by the Law Revision Commission recommending that certain changes be made to arbitration law in California. It begins by outlining the history of arbitration in California, from its 1961 adoption of the Uniform Arbitration Act, to the 1988 enactment of an international arbitration statute modeled on the UNCITRAL Model Law, to the 1989 enactment of Section 1281.8, which allowed courts to grants provisions remedies to parties involved in arbitration proceedings. It also provides a general overview of the purpose and practice of arbitration law. Then, it provides a chapter-by-chapter analysis the Law Revision Commission's Report: general provisions, enforcement of arbitration agreements, conduct of arbitration proceedings, enforcement of awards, arbitration of medical malpractice, public construction contract arbitration, international commercial arbitration, real estate contract arbitration, and firefighter and law enforcement arbitration.
Resisting the Return to Managerialism: Institutionalizing the Shareholder Voice in the Monitoring Model

There are many lessons to be drawn from the sweep of history. In law, the compelling story repeatedly told is the observable co-movement of law on the one hand and economic, social and political changes on the other hand. Aberrations, however, do arise, but generally do not persist in the long term. Contemporary corporate law seems to be on the cusp of such an abnormality as legal developments and proposed reforms for corporate law are currently conflicting with the direction in which the host environment is moving. This article identifies a series of contemporary judicial and regulatory corporate governance developments that are at odds with multiple forces unleashed by today’s ownership of public companies being highly concentrated in the hands of various types of financial institutions. Our purpose is not to focus on these developments as such but to address a much larger question that lies behind them: should courts and regulators have interceded to retard the forces created by such concentration of ownership of public companies? To address this question, we travel back in time to post WWII America and the widely practiced model of managerialism when shareholders were analogous to children, seen but not heard. That model was replaced by today’s monitoring model which empowers oversight of management in the hands of outside directors whose obeisance, at least on paper, is anchored in the firm’s residual claimants, the stockholders who elect the directors. But as we discuss, the monitoring board has something of a checkered history in serving this function. We argue that from its inception, the monitoring board was incomplete because it was formed in an era where the received model was dispersed, not concentrated, ownership. We next challenge the emerging New Paradigm that is being advanced as the future model for corporate governance. We conclude the article with a set of recommendations we believe will bolster the heretofore incomplete monitoring model for corporate governance.
Factors associated with the absence of pharmacological treatment for common modifiable complications in children with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with many comorbidities requiring complex management. We described treatment patterns for common modifiable CKD complications (high blood pressure, anemia, hyperphosphatemia, and acidosis) according to severity of CKD and examined factors associated with the absence of drug therapy, among participants with a persistent comorbidity, for 1 year in children enrolled in the CKiD study. A total of 703 CKiD participants contributed 2849 person-visits over a median 3.5 years of follow-up. Using pairs of annual visits, we examined whether participants with abnormal biomarker levels at the first (index) visit persisted in the abnormal levels 1 year later according to CKD risk stage. Multivariate analyses identified demographic and clinical factors associated with the absence of drug therapy among those with persistent comorbid conditions for 1 year. The overall proportions of person-visits prescribing therapy at 1-year follow-up for treating anemia, acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, and high blood pressure were 54%, 45%, 29%, and 81%, respectively. The frequency of therapy increased with advanced CKD risk stage for all comorbidities; however, 19–23% of participants with acidosis, 24–27% with anemia, and 30–39% with hyperphosphatemia at high-risk stages (E and F) were not prescribed appropriate therapy despite the persistence of abnormal levels of these biomarkers for at least 1 year. The resolution of comorbidities at advanced CKD stages without treatment was unlikely. Many children with CKD in the CKiD cohort did not receive pharmacological treatment for common and persistent modifiable comorbidities, even in severe CKD risk stages.
Oncology social work practice behaviors: a national survey of AOSW members.

Few studies have examined the practices of U.S. oncology social workers since the implementation of distress screening. This study presents data about oncology social work practice behaviors, inclu...
Autonomous Vehicles in Rural Communities: Is It Feasible?

Although much research has been devoted to the effects of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on urban areas, little work has been dedicated to the potential impacts of AVs in rural areas, especially related to feasibility and accessibility [1] . Due to the lack of reliable public transportation, automobiles play a crucial role for rural residents to commute for work, shopping, and other reasons. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, rural households have on average more vehicles than urban households [2] . In 2015, the average rural household spent about 13.7% of their income on vehicle purchases, maintenance, and repairs in comparison to 8.3% for urban households [2] . As the cost of vehicles is one of the top concerns for many rural residents [5] , there will be concerns about the affordability of AVs in these areas as their initial prices might be high [1] . Given the current struggles with affording and maintaining vehicles for rural residents, rural residents may not be able to afford or maintain personal AVs, at least not in the beginning. There is also a concern whether rural communities will have access to funding to build the necessary transportation infrastructure to deploy AVs.
Surgical control of obesity and diabetes: the role of intestinal vs. gastric mechanisms in the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis.

Objective To elucidate the specific role of gastric vs. intestinal manipulations in the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis. Design and Methods The effects of intestinal bypass alone (duodenal-jejunal bypass -DJB) and gastric resection alone (SG) in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were compared. Additional animals underwent a combination procedure (SG + DJB). Outcome measures included changes in weight, food intake (FI), oral glucose tolerance (GT) and gut hormones. Results DJB did not substantially affect weight and FI, whereas SG significantly reduced weight gain and food consumption. DJB rats showed weight-independent improvement in GT, which improved less after SG. Furthermore, SG significantly suppressed plasma ghrelin and increased insulin, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and peptide YY response to oral glucose whereas DJB had no effects on postprandial levels of these hormones. DJB restored postprandial glucagon suppression in diabetic rats whereas SG did not affect glucagon response. The combination procedure (SG + DJB) induced greater weight loss and better GT than SG alone without reducing food intake further. Conclusions These findings reveal a dominant role of the stomach in the regulation of body weight and incretin response to oral glucose whereas intestinal bypass primarily affects glucose homeostasis by a weight-, insulin- and incretin-independent mechanism
Oxidative stability of corn oil with elevated tocotrienols

Oxidation of tocotrienol enriched corn oil was measured for primary oxidative products, lipid hydroperoxides and quantified by peroxide value (PV). Oxidative Stability Index (OSI) was used to determine the induction period (hrs) by indirect measurement of volatile secondary oxidation products, mainly formic acid. Vitamin E stripped corn oil samples were spiked with individual tocotrienols or tocopherols (collectively, tocols) at concentrations between 100 and 5,000 ppm. A positive relationship was observed between the concentration of all tocols and inhibition of the formation of secondary products. Gamma tocotrienol (γ-T3) provided the most protection, with delta tocopherol (δ-T) and delta tocotrienol (δ-T3) providing similar protection. Alpha tocotrienol (α-T3) and alpha tocopherol (α-T) followed a similar trend but with diminishing capacity at concentrations higher than 700 ppm. The change in mean daily peroxide value increased as αtocopherol and αtocotrienol concentrations increased. When compared against the non-spiked, stripped control oil, both αtocopherol and αtocotrienol demonstrated better antioxidant effects at lower concentrations and actually promoted oxidation at concentrations at 700 ppm and above. These effects were not observed with the γand δtocols. Crude oils from corn kernels, both control and that expressing a homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) gene, were tested for oxidative stability. No pro-oxidant effects were observed in the modified crude corn oil containing up to 5,000 ppm tocotrienols (6,200 ppm total tocotrienols and tocopherols) when compared to the control crude corn oil containing 300 ppm tocotrienols (1,500 ppm total tocols).
On-line particle size analysis

Continuous monitoring of material in a disperse form is widely desired. This need may be divided into four broad categories but equipment may be applicable to more than one. Two categories, sampling and sizing dusty gases in gas streams and sampling and sizing from the atmosphere are dealt with elsewhere.
From Schütz to Goffman: The Search for Social Order

The revival of the ideas of Alfred Schutz among Austrian economists is examined. In particular, this paper looks at Schutz's work on intersubjectivity as an alternative approach to market coordination. As opposed to the rational maximization of individuals, some have argued that Schutz's concept of intersubjective structures of meaning offers a better model for understanding how individuals act in the social world. This paper questions the soundness of utilizing Schutz's approach and suggests that the work of the sociologist Erving Goffman offers a potential model of social interaction that encompasses many elements of Schutz's framework but does not share the same limitations. Drawing on selected works of Goffman, a tentative model of social interaction and decision-making is put forward for discussion and further research.
Introduction (Chapter 1) and Federal Law (Chapter 7) in 'Locating the Law': A Handbook for Non-Law Librarians

"Locating the Law: A Handbook for Non-Law Librarians" (June Kim, ed., 5th ed. 2009), is a presentation of the Southern California Association of Law Libraries (SCALL) and is intended to provide basic information for non-law librarians about California and federal legal materials: what they are, how they are organized, and how to use them.The full book is copyright 2009 by SCALL (Chapters 1 and 7 are posted here by permission), and is available for download, free of charge, at SCALL's website (download Chapters 1 and 7 here, free of charge, for more information).Chapters 1 and 7, by Karla M. Castetter (Professor Emeritus and Library Director Emeritus at Thomas Jefferson School of Law, San Diego), introduce the book and survey federal legal materials.
NASA Bulletin for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1999

On 1999 August 11, a total eclipse of the Sun will be visible from parts of central Europe, Turkey, the Middle East and India. NASA is preparing a special bulletin on the eclipse which contains detailed predictions, tables, maps, and meteorological data useful for planning eclipse expeditions and scientific observations. Public information is also provided for eye safety, viewing and eclipse photography. The bulletin will be published by the end of 1996. It will also be available via the World Wide Web from: http://umbra.nascomjiasa.gov/echpse/index.html.
Symmetry Techniques and Orthogonality for q-Series

We advocate the exploitation of symmetry (recurrence relation) techniques for the derivation of properties associated with families of basic hypergeometric functions, in analogy with the local Lie theory techniques for ordinary hypergeometric functions. Here these ideas are motivated from the theory of partial differential equations and then applied to the (continuous) Askey-Wilson polynomials, q-Hahn and big and little q-Jacobi polynomials to obtain strikingly simple derivations (rather than verifications) of their orthogonality relations and associated integrals. Some q-analogs of Barnes’ First Lemma are also derived as examples. This expository paper is based on joint work with Ernie Kalnins. Similar methods have been used by Nikiforov, Suslov and Uvarov.
Nitric oxide may be required to prevent hypertension at the onset of diabetes

oxide may be required to prevent hypertension at the onset of diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279: E762‐E768, 2000.—Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone, and evidence suggests that endothelial-dependent relaxation, possibly mediated via NO, is impaired in diabetes. However, the role of the endothelium in arterial pressure control early in diabetes, before dysfunction develops, is not known. This was evaluated in the present study by comparing the responses to induction of diabetes in vehicle-treated rats (D, n 5 7) vs. rats chronically treated with N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; D1L, n 5 8). A nondiabetic group also was treated with L-NAME (L, n 5 7) to control for L-NAME effects over time, independent of diabetes. After baseline measurements, rats were given either vehicle or L-NAME (10 mgzkg 21 zmin 21 iv) infusion throughout the experiment. Six days later, streptozotocin (60 mg/kg iv) was administered, followed by a 3-wk diabetic study period. Induction of diabetes in the D1L rats caused a marked and progressive increase in mean arterial pressure throughout the diabetic period, averaging ;70 mmHg greater than in the D rats and ;20 mmHg greater than in the L rats. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow tended to increase during diabetes, but this trend was reversed in the D1L rats. In addition, plasma renin activity increased in the D and D1L rats during week 1 of diabetes but then returned to control in the D rats, while continuing to increase in the D1L rats. These results suggest that, in the early stages of diabetes, NO synthesis is important to prevent hypertension from developing, possibly through actions to maintain glomerular filtration and suppress renin secretion. N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester; arterial pressure; glucose; angiotensin II; vasodilation
Race-ethnicity and Prescription Drug Misuse: Does Self-esteem Matter?

The research here investigates race-ethnicity and self-esteem in the misuse of prescription drugs. While there has been much research into the demographic factors that predict prescription drug misuse (PDM), we lack a full accounting of psychosocial factors of possible importance in influencing patterns of race-ethnicity and PDM. One possible influence is self-esteem. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey on Adolescent Health to investigate race-ethnicity, PDM and self-esteem. Findings indicate first that race-ethnicity is significant for PDM. Secondly, results indicate that self-esteem is important in understanding patterns of prescription drug misuse among young adults, but only among whites.
The Role of Non-Profits in Shaping Civil Rights: Understanding of Disability in Families of Children with Autism

Challenges associated with disability are increasingly linked to civil rights oriented policy solutions. Nevertheless, public policy theory suggests that issue definition includes competitive promotion of preferred linkages of problem definitions to policy solutions among stakeholders. In this article, we use the case of autism to examine the role of nonprofits in shaping understandings of disability.
Downregulation of adenine nucleotide translocator 1 exacerbates tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated cardiac inflammatory responses

Inflammation contributes significantly to cardiac dysfunction. Although the initial phase of inflammation is essential for repair and healing, excessive proinflammatory cytokines are detrimental to the heart. We found that adenine nucleotide translocator isoform-1 (ANT1) protein levels were significantly decreased in the inflamed heart of C57BL/6 mice following cecal ligation and puncture. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed small-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of ANT1 and studied tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced inflammatory responses in myocardium-derived H9c2 cells and cardiomyocytes. ANT1 knockdown significantly increased swollen mitochondria and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, concomitant with increased TNFα-induced NF-κB reporter gene activity and interleukin-6 and TNFα expression. A mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant mito-TEMPO attenuated TNFα-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, NF-κB reporter gene activity, and cytokine expression in ANT1 knockdown cells. Interestingly, TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment significantly decreased ANT1 protein levels, suggesting a feed-forward regulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression activated by ANT1 downregulation. These data suggest that ANT1 downregulation contributes to cardiac inflammation post-cecal ligation and puncture. Preventing ANT1 downregulation could provide a novel molecular target to temper cardiac inflammation.
Proton-irradiation-induced crystalline to amorphous transition in a NiTi alloy

Abstract The crystalline to amorphous (C-A) transition induced by 2 MeV proton irradiation of a NiTi alloy containing 50.95 Ni was investigated at − 45°C and − 153°C using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron fractography. The fractographic studies indicate that the irradiated region contains two layers, the one closer to the free surface consisting of a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases, and the other having transformed completely to the amorphous phase. The progress of the C-A transition was dependent on both dose and temperature. The critical dose for complete amorphization was estimated as 0.25 displacements per atom (dpa) at − 153°C and 0.32 dpa at − 45°C, as determined from measurements of the distance from the surface of the sample to the interface between the two layers in the irradiated region. Amorphization commenced well before the crystalline matrix was completely disordered, and the amorphous phase was generally observed to nucleate homogeneously throughout the crystalline matrix. The features of the C-A transition induced by proton irradiation more closely resemble those of ion irradiation than electron irradiation. The spatially nonuniform buildup of point defects during proton and heavy-ion irradiation is invoked to explain the different responses of intermetallic compounds to ion and electron irradiation.
State Water Quality Control Program in Arizona

ABSTRACT: Arizona's water pollution control program is based on authorties of Arizona Revised Statutes and Public Law 92–500, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. The primary areas of this program are monitoring, facility inspections, plan review, planning, discharge permits and grants for the construction of publicly-owned waste water treatment facilities. The discharge permit program deals with control of point-source discharges and is administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The planning and construction grants programs are administered by the State Water Quality Control Council and are implemented by the Bureau of Water Quality Control, which serves as staff to the Council. There are several challenges that face the State in this program. First is the adaptation of the “eastern law” to deal with Arizona's water quality problems. Second is to address problems caused by a long history of “laissez-faire” environmental quality management. Third is a mutual cooperation and coordination among the many entities involved in water resources management. Areas of particular interest in the State's program is the process setting water quality standards and the involvement of people of diversified backgrounds in the field of areawide planning under Section 208 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which is primarily concerned with non-point sources of water pollution.
Overview Of Fiber Optics And Smart Structures Programs At Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech supports the largest university-based program in fiber optics and smart structures in the country. Fiber optics and fiber optics-related undergraduate and graduate lecture and laboratory courses serve more than 450 students each year in classes on campus and at several off-campus locations. The Fiber & Electro-Optics Research Center within the Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering currently is engaged in more than thirty separate fiber optics research programs sponsored by companies and government organizations. These include work in long distance and local area network fiber communications, fiber sensing including smart structures, fiber micro-optical devices, and fiber manufacturing and materials. The Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory within the Department of Mechanical Engineering currently is engaged in an additional twelve sponsored programs which focus primarily on actuators, shape memory composites, and active structural control. This paper reviews these combined activities.
Abstract 921: Liposomal bortezomib improves chemosensitivity and inhibits cell proliferation in part through BCR/ABL downregulation in CML

The t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosome translocation fuses the BCR gene to the c-ABL proto-oncogene resulting in a chimeric BCR/ABL protein. Although BCR/ABL inhibitor imatinib has shown unprecedented efficacy for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), resistance to this agent due to BCR/ABL mutations or increased protein expression poses a significant clinical problem, thereby arguing for novel therapeutic approaches. BCR/ABL gene amplification frequently occurs in blast crisis and BCR/ABL expression is required for its mutation. BCR promoter contains Sp1 binding sites and proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BORT) disrupts Sp1 transactivation, therefore, we hypothesized that BORT could abolish BCR/ABL expression leading to disrupted kinase activity. However, the fast clearance and the inability to reach target cells in vivo have limited its application. As such, we designed a liposomal BORT (L-BORT) and transferrin receptor (TfR)-targeted L-BORT (Tf-L-BORT) for the objective of enhancing BORT delivery efficiency. We observed that there were 3.6-fold and 10.4-fold increases in cellular uptake of L-BORT and Tf-L-BORT, respectively, compared to that of the free drug. We evidenced a 2.7-fold augmented chemosensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) in cells exposed to subtoxic concentration of BORT, with a decrease in IC 50 from 8 μM to 300 nM. Tf-L-BORT further reduced IC 50 of DOX to 90 nM. These data indicated the enhanced chemosensitizing efficacy of the L-BORT formulations. When single tumor cells from K562 tumor bearing mice were treated by subtoxic L-BORT combined with DOX, a synergy of toxicity was evidenced by 70-fold increased chemosensitivity (p 50 of DOX to 94 nM. Pharmacokinetic study in mice after i.v. bolus injection showed that L-BORT had slower tissue distribution (T 1/2α , 7.3 min vs. 2.9 min), increased elimination phase half-life (T 1/2α , 82.9 h vs. 68.3 h), decreased clearance (CL, 4.2 mL/h vs. 27.7 mL/h), and increased area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC, 4714.1 h·ng/mL vs. 721.4 h·ng/mL) compared to the free drug. This indicated a significant and potentially beneficial change in BORT pharmacokinetics in vivo. Mechanistically, when K562 cells were exposed to L-BORT (0, 10, 30 and 60nM) or DOX (0, 100, 200 and 500nM) for 48h, BCR/ABL protein was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, the combination of L-BORT with DOX synergistically abrogated BCR/ABL and Sp1 protein expression. Altogether, these results highlight the therapeutic relevance of disrupting BCR/ABL protein expression and strongly support the utilization of L-BORT alone or in combination with DOX to treat CML patients harboring overexpressed BCR/ABL. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 921. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-921
On the Path of Perpetual Revolution: From Marx’s Millenarianism to Sendero Luminoso

Abstract Karl Marx’s hostility toward religion masked the religious and millenarian aspects of his own thinking, yet behind Marx’s political theories stands a distinctly eschatological reading of history. The Shining Path insurgency in Peru represented a coherent development of Peruvian Left political culture and orthodox Marxist concepts of violent struggle in the name of ‘progress’. The senderistas were not an irrational Maoist cult, as they have sometimes been depicted, but an ideologically driven movement led by intellectuals and university students who sought to rigorously apply Marx’s ideas while rejecting political compromise with the reactionary state. The suffering inflicted upon the Peruvian peasantry as a result of the senderistas’ uncompromising stance reveals some of orthodox Marxism’s internal contradictions, while the rise of the peasant resistance movements – especially led by evangelicos and women’s groups – highlights the importance of categories of belief and human agency in discussions...