cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prospective Measurement of BK Virus Blood and Urine Levels, and Associations with Morbidity, in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplants.

Abstract BK virus (BKV) is an important pathogen and cause of nephropathy in recipients of renal transplants, but its clinical significance in patients following hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is less well described. Over a 10 month period we prospectively measured BKV (by quantitative PCR) in the blood and urine of 103 patients who had undergone previous allogeneic HSCT [HLA-identical donor (n = 58), alternative donor (HLA-mismatched-related, matched-unrelated, or cord) (n = 45)] and who were receiving inpatient or outpatient post-transplant care. The median time from transplantation to the last follow-up virus sampling was 422 days (range = 12 to 3456 days), and the cohort included patients undergoing transplants as early as 1998 through 2007. BK viruria was manifest at any time during the period of measurement in 62% of the patients. Only 16% (16/103) developed BK viremia. All patients with BK viremia also had detectable BK viruria. In 38 patients who underwent BKV monitoring beginning immediately after transplant, development of BK viruria was an early phenomenon (median 26 days post-transplant, range = 4 to 274 days), while BK viremia occurred later (median 157 days post-transplant, range = 62 to 323 days). More recipients of alternative donor transplants compared to HLA-identical transplants developed BK viruria (75% vs 53%, P = 0.03) and BK viremia (24% vs 9%, P = 0.02). Given the tropism of BKV for the genitourinary tract and its association with hemorrhagic cystitis, urinalyses from all patients were analyzed for the presence and number of red blood cells (RBCs). Those patients with microscopic hematuria (81/103) had significantly higher levels of urinary BKV than patients without hematuria (P 5 RBCs per high-powered microscopic field) had higher levels of urinary BKV than those with only small numbers of urinary RBCs (P = 0.06). Blood BKV levels were not associated with hematuria. The presence of BK viremia and/or viruria were not significantly associated with renal function, as measured by the mean serum creatinine, although 2/16 patients with BK viremia developed biopsy proven BKV interstitial nephritis, with one requiring hemodialysis. In summary, BK viruria is a common early finding in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT, especially in those who do not have HLA-identical donors. Our data support the claim that BKV urinary infection is associated with hematuria post-HSCT. BK viremia occurs later and less commonly. Investigation of a larger number of patients is warranted to establish the incidence of and risk factors for BKV nephropathy in the allogeneic HSCT setting.
Anoxia stimulates microbially catalyzed metal release from Animas River sediments.

The Gold King Mine spill in August 2015 released 11 million liters of metal-rich mine waste to the Animas River watershed, an area that has been previously exposed to historical mining activity spanning more than a century. Although adsorption onto fluvial sediments was responsible for rapid immobilization of a significant fraction of the spill-associated metals, patterns of longer-term mobility are poorly constrained. Metals associated with river sediments collected downstream of the Gold King Mine in August 2015 exhibited distinct presence and abundance patterns linked to location and mineralogy. Simulating riverbed burial and development of anoxic conditions, sediment microcosm experiments amended with Animas River dissolved organic carbon revealed the release of specific metal pools coupled to microbial Fe- and SO42−-reduction. Results suggest that future sedimentation and burial of riverbed materials may drive longer-term changes in patterns of metal remobilization linked to anaerobic microbial metabolism, potentially driving decreases in downstream water quality. Such patterns emphasize the need for long-term water monitoring efforts in metal-impacted watersheds.
Seizures in Preterm Neonates: A Multicenter Observational Cohort Study

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to characterize seizures among preterm neonates enrolled in the Neonatal Seizure Registry, a prospective cohort of consecutive neonates with seizures at seven pediatric centers that follow the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's neonatal electroencephalography monitoring guideline. Study Design Of 611 enrolled neonates with seizures, 92 (15%) were born preterm. Seizure characteristics were evaluated by gestational age at birth for extremely preterm ( Results Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (33%) and intracranial hemorrhage (27%) accounted for the etiology in more than half of preterm neonates. Hypothermia therapy was utilized in 15 moderate to late preterm subjects with encephalopathy. The presence of subclinical seizures, monotherapy treatment failure, and distribution of seizure burden (including status epilepticus) was similar in preterm and term neonates. However, exclusively subclinical seizures occurred more often in preterm than term neonates (24% vs 14%). Phenobarbital was the most common initial medication for all gestational age groups, and failure to respond to an initial loading dose was 63% in both preterm and term neonates. Mortality was similar among the three preterm gestational age groups; however, preterm mortality was more than twice that of term infants (35% vs 15%). Conclusions Subclinical seizures were more common and mortality was higher for preterm than term neonates. These data underscore the importance of electroencephalographic monitoring and the potential for improved management in preterm neonates.
Curricular culture literacy and miscodes in its absence: Making sense of conflicts in cross-institutional curricular collaborations

Cross-institutional curricular collaborations are complex human affairs, and often include instances of misunderstanding and confusion. This work-in-progress paper introduces the concept of curricular culture literacy and employs it as a way of making sense of these “miscodes.” Unpacking these incidents via the lens of curricular culture literacy allows them to be understood and addressed as collisions between two different curricular cultures, which opens up new possibilities for multi(curricular)cultural literacy.
Comparative Studies of Wet-Stretched and Non-Stretched Electrospun PVDF-HFP Nanofibers

The recent growth in portable electronics has sparked a demand for alternative energy sources. Energy harvesters that utilize piezoelectric materials are promising in capturing the mechanical energy from body movement to power portable electronics. This study investigated the characteristics of PVDF-HFP nanofibers created from traditional electrospinning and a novel technique called wet-stretching electrospinning. The solution was initially processed using the traditional method, flat-plate electrospinning, which resulted in a fiber network with random orientations. When performing electrical testing the fibers produced minimal voltage. The solution was then processed utilizing a novel wet-stretching electrospinning technique that allowed for fiber alignment and dynamic stretch ratios. Fibers that underwent this method produced higher voltages than fibers from the traditional electrospinning method. It was observed that fibers processed using the wet-stretching technique with different draw ratios (DR) such as 1 (DR 1) and 2.5 (DR 2.5) showed enhanced piezoelectric properties. This research suggests that the wet-stretched PVDF-HFP nanofibers are better suited for piezoelectric applications than traditionally electrospun nanofibers.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Chapter 83 – Smooth Muscle Myocyte Ultrastructure and Contractility

Smooth muscles forming the walls of hollow organs have unique mechanical properties and are adapted to carry out their diverse specialized functions. This chapter is an overview of the basic ultrastructural and functional distinguishing characteristics of smooth muscle (SM). Evidence for a sliding filament mechanism of contraction is summarized. The molecular structure of myosin filaments, how the conformation of myosin head–head interactions prevent ATP hydrolysis, how SM myosins generate as much force as striated muscles with only 20% of the myosin and the high economy of energy usage typical of SMs are discussed. The mechanisms underlying the variable relationship of force and RLC20 phosphorylation during force maintenance are presented. The architecture of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors, mechanisms underlying pharmacomechanical coupling, and evidence for Ca 2+ storage and release are summarized. Overall, as structure informs function, together they provide insight into fundamental mechanisms of contractility opening possibilities for treatment of diseases of SM, which are major causes of death, and for improved public health.
Internal and external thermal expansions of wurtzite ZnO from first principles

Abstract Many crystals contain “internal” structural parameters not completely constrained by symmetry. These vary with temperature T, similar to the variation of “external” structural parameters that describe the unit cell. The term “thermal expansion” most often refers to the external parameters, which are more easily and accurately measured. Here we use “thermal expansion” to mean both external and internal parameters. Internal thermal expansion impacts a wide range of applications, but has been given less attention. In this study, the thermal expansion behavior of wurtzite ZnO is studied from first principles with the generalized Gruneisen theory in the framework of quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA). Negative external thermal expansions are found below the temperature of 150 K. We demonstrate that the so-called “zero static internal stress approximation” (ZSISA) gives the correct external but incorrect internal thermal expansions, due to the neglect of the clamped-lattice internal contribution contained in the generalized Gruneisen theory. Although accurate at low T, at higher T the QHA may need to be supplemented by higher order anharmonic corrections.
Temperature-mediated feeding between spring-associated and riverine-associated congeners, with implications for community segregation

Freshwater fish communities segregate along water temperature gradients attributed in part to temperature-mediated physiological processes that affect species fitness. In spring complexes of southwest USA, spring complexes with narrow range of water temperatures are dominated by a community of fishes (i.e., spring-associated fishes), whereas riverine habitats with wide-range of water temperatures are dominated by a different community of fishes (i.e., riverine-associated fishes). The purpose of this study was to test a prediction of the concept that temperature-mediated species performance is a mechanism in maintaining community segregation. We predicted that a spring-associated fish (Largespring Gambusia Gambusia geiseri) would feed first and more often in a pairing with a riverine-associated fish (Western Mosquitofish G. affinis) at an average spring temperature (23 °C) and that the riverine-associated fish would feed first and more often in a pairing with the spring-associated fish at a warm riverine temperature (30 °C). Among four trails consisting of 30 pairings, at the spring complex temperature (23 °C), Largespring Gambusia had a greater number of first feeds (mean ± 1 SD, 5.0 ± 0.82) than Western Mosquitofish (2.5 ± 1.73) and had greater mean number of total feeds (1.9 ± 0.31) than Western Mosquitofish (0.81 ± 0.70). At the riverine environment temperature (30 °C), Western Mosquitofish had a greater number of first feeds (5.25 ± 1.71) than Largespring Gambusia (2.5 ± 1.73) and had greater mean number of total feeds (2.78 ± 1.05) than Largespring Gambusia (0.94 ± 0.68). Our findings suggest that temperature-mediated species performance could be maintaining segregation between the two fish communities. This study benefits our understanding of distributional patterns and improves threat assessments of stenothermal aquatic organisms.
Association of Partial versus Radical Nephrectomy with Subsequent Hypertension Risk Following Renal Tumor Resection.

Purpose:We investigated the risks of new onset and worsened hypertension after radical vs partial nephrectomy.Materials and Methods:Using a national administrative database of privately and Medicar...
Novel neurosteroid hypnotic blocks T-type calcium channel-dependent rebound burst firing and suppresses long-term potentiation in the rat subiculum

Abstract Background Hypnotics and general anaesthetics impair memory by altering hippocampal synaptic plasticity. We recently reported on a neurosteroid analogue with potent hypnotic activity [(3β,5β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile; 3β-OH], which does not cause developmental neurotoxicity in rat pups. Here, we investigated the effects of 3β-OH on neuronal excitability in the subiculum, the major output structure of the hippocampal formation, and synaptic plasticity at two key hippocampal synapses in juvenile rats. Methods Biophysical properties of isolated T-type calcium currents (T-currents) in the rat subiculum were investigated using acute slice preparations. Subicular T-type calcium channel (T-channel) subtype mRNA expression was compared using qRT–PCR. Using electrophysiological recordings, we examined the effects of 3β-OH and an endogenous neuroactive steroid, allopregnanolone (Allo), on T-currents and burst firing properties of subicular neurones, and on the long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA3-CA1 and CA1-subiculum pathways. Results Biophysical and molecular studies confirmed that CaV3.1 channels represent the dominant T-channel isoform in the subiculum of juvenile rats. 3β-OH and Allo inhibited rebound burst firing by decreasing the amplitude of T-currents in a voltage-dependent manner with similar potency, with 30–80% inhibition. Both neurosteroids suppressed LTP at the CA1-subiculum, but not at the CA3-CA1 Schaffer collateral synapse. Conclusions Neurosteroid effects on T-channels modulate hippocampal output and provide possible molecular mechanisms for the amnestic action of the novel hypnotic 3β-OH. Effects on T-channels in the subiculum provide a novel target for amnestic effects of hypnotics.
Conflict Management through the Lens of System Dynamics

A fundamental concern in conflict management research is characterizing (dys)functional conflict; what is missing from this conversation is dynamics. We thus provide a systematic analysis of the wa...
Maintenance of stem cell viability and differentiation potential following cryopreservation within 3-dimensional hyaluronic acid hydrogels

While significant progress has been made in directing the behavior of cells encapsulated within three-dimensional (3D) covalently crosslinked hydrogels, the capacity of these materials to support in situ cryopreservation of cells directly within the gels has not been assessed. Here, we demonstrate the retention of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability within hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethylene glycol based hydrogels via a facile gradual cooling and freezing protocol. Encapsulated cell viability was retained at similar rates in both materials systems regardless of initial duration in culture or adhesive ligand incorporation, indicating the versatility of the approach. Additionally, the cryopreservation protocol maintains stem cell differentiation potential; incubation in adipogenic differentiation media induced equal rates of hMSC adipogenesis in freeze-thawed and non-frozen HA based hydrogels on a per-cell basis. Collectively, these findings highlight the cryopreservation protocol as a platform technology that, in addition to contributing to an increased understanding of three-dimensional cell-matrix interactions, could enable the long-term preservation of tissue engineering constructs for clinical applications.
Optimal North Pacific Blocking Precursors and Their Deterministic Subseasonal Evolution during Boreal Winter

AbstractAtmospheric blocking is associated with sensible weather impacts such as anomalous precipitation and flooding, cold air outbreaks, and heat waves. Given the asymmetry in the persistence cha...
broad controls leg imaginal disc morphogenesis in Drosophila via regulation of cell shape changes and remodeling of extracellular matrix

Imaginal disc morphogenesis during metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model to uncover molecular mechanisms by which hormonal signals effect physical changes during development. The broad (br) Z2 isoform encodes a transcription factor required for disc morphogenesis in response to 20-hydroxyecdysone, yet how it accomplishes this remains largely unknown. Here, we show that amorphic br5 mutant discs fail to remodel their basal extracellular matrix (ECM) after puparium formation and do not undergo necessary cell shape changes. RNA sequencing of wild type and mutant leg discs identified 717 genes differentially regulated by br; functional studies reveal that several are required for adult leg formation, particularly those involved in remodeling the ECM. Additionally, br Z2 expression is abruptly shut down at the onset of metamorphosis, and expressing it beyond this time results in failure of leg development during the late prepupal and pupal stages. Taken together, our results suggest that br Z2 is required to drive ECM remodeling, change cell shape, and maintain metabolic activity through the mid prepupal stage, but must be switched off to allow expression of pupation genes.
iWaste: Video-Based Medical Waste Detection and Classification

Waste auditing is important for effectively reducing the medical waste generated by resource-intensive operating rooms. To replace the current time-intensive and dangerous manual waste auditing method, we propose a system named iWASTE to detect and classify medical waste based on videos recorded by a camera-equipped waste container. In this pilot study, we collected a video dataset of 4 waste items (gloves, hairnet, mask, and shoecover) and designed a motion detection based preprocessing method to extract and trim useful frames. We propose a novel architecture named R3D+C2D to classify waste videos by combining features learnt by 2D convolutional and 3D convolutional neural networks. The proposed method obtained a promising result (79.99% accuracy) on our challenging dataset.Clinical Relevance—iWaste enables consistent and effective real-time monitoring of solid waste generation in operating rooms, which can be used to enforce medical waste sorting policies and to identify waste reduction strategies.
Take Advantage of Survey Tools to Engage Younger Students in Process Safety and Ethics Topics

Engaging freshman and sophomore students in conversations surrounding process safety and ethics is critical to their development as professional engineers. Online survey tools provide a powerful platform for assessing their understanding to current-trending engineering topics surrounding both subjects. Utilizing such platforms can be a fast and easy way to hold fruitful discussions within the classroom that spur further conversations beyond the classroom.
Dynamics and variability of neuronal subtype responses during growth, degrowth, and regeneration

Background: We are interested in nervous system dynamics in adult and regenerating animals. Preliminary studies suggest that some species alter neuronal number to scale with changes in body size. Similarly, in some species regenerates resulting from whole-body axis regeneration are smaller than their pre-amputated parent, but they maintain the correct proportionality, suggesting that tissue and neuronal scaling also occurs in regenerates. The cell dynamics and responses of neuronal subtypes during nervous system regeneration, scaling, and whole-body axis regeneration are not well understood in any system. The cnidarian sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is capable of whole-body axis regeneration, and its transparent, simple body plan and the availability of fluorescent reporter transgenic lines allow neuronal subtypes to be tracked in vivo in adult and regenerating animals. A number of observations suggest this anemone is able to alter its size in responses to changes in feeding. We utilized the NvLWamide-like::mCherry neuronal subtype transgenic reporter line to determine the in vivo response of neuronal subtypes during growth, degrowth, and regeneration. Results: Nematostella alters its size in response to caloric intake, and the nervous system responds by altering neuronal number to scale as the animal changes in size. Neuronal numbers in both the endodermal and ectodermal nerve nets decreased as animals shrunk, increased as they grew, and the changes were reversible. Whole-body axis regeneration resulted in regenerates that were smaller than their pre-amputated size, and the regenerated nerve nets were reduced in neuronal number. Different neuronal subtypes had several distinct responses during regeneration that included consistent, no, and conditional increases in number. Conditional responses were regulated, in part, by the size of the remnant fragment and the position of the amputation site. Regenerates and adults with reduced nerve nets displayed normal behaviors, indicating that the nerve net retains functionality as it scales. Conclusion: These data suggest that the Nematostella nerve net is dynamic, capable of scaling with changes in body size, and that neuronal subtypes display differential regenerative responses, which we propose may be linked to the scale state of the regenerating animals.
Larger amygdala volumes in patients with “Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy” (P2.237)

Objective: Evaluate morphometric variation in cortical thickness, thalamus, striatum and brainstem volumes between the patients with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and other epilepsies. Background: Although predictive models of SUDEP have been proposed, these clinical predictors have been lacking in sensitivity. Prior studies have implicated amygdala and limbic system in pathogenesis of SUDEP, likely via their role in the autonomic instability. We set out to explore potential predictive markers of SUDEP using morphometric analysis. Design/Methods: Age matched SUDEP (n=8), focal epilepsy with secondary generalization (FEWSG, n=6), primary generalized epilepsy (PGE, n=8) and healthy control (HC, n=8) patients were included in this retrospective study. Structural MRI consisting of high resolution T1 weighted images were used in FreeSurfer to extract cortical thickness and deep gray matter volumes. Multivariate analysis was performed, followed by Mann-Whitney test (SPSS v23) to evaluate group differences in each morphometric variable. Volumes are reported in cubic centimeters, and cortical thickness in millimeters. Results: Patients with FEWSG and PGE had smaller cortical thickness and deep gray matter structures when compared to healthy controls. With exception of amygdala, cortical thickness and striatum in patients with SUDEP were also smaller when compared to healthy controls, but were larger when compared to other epilepsies. Amygdala volume was significantly higher in the SUDEP group (3.42±0.5, p Conclusions: A relatively larger amygdala volume, along with lower cortical thickness and striatal volume may predict the risk of SUDEP in patients with epilepsy. Furthermore, our data supports the role of amygdala, possibly through the retroflex fasciculus or other functional pathway projecting onto the pre-Botzinger complex in ventro-lateral medulla, in pathogenesis of SUDEP. Further studies to validate our findings is warranted. Disclosure: Dr. Chauhan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yarraguntla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seraji-Bozorgzad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dhakar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Basha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shah has received personal compensation from UCB Pharma and Lundbeck as a speaker.
Healthy or not? The impact of conflicting health-related information on attentional resources

Despite its ubiquity, little is known about the impact of exposure to conflicting health information on cognitive efficiency. We hypothesized that it would reduce attentional capacity, as evidenced by (1) increased response errors during the Attention Network Test (ANT), (2) decreased efficiency of each ANT system (alerting, orienting, execute control), and (3) increased self-reported workload, (4) nutritional confusion and (5) nutritional backlash. A sample of 184 online participants were assigned randomly to read an article containing either congruent or conflicting health information. Subsequently, they completed the ANT and self-report measures of workload, nutritional confusion, and backlash at nutritional recommendations and research. Participants in the conflicting health information condition made more errors, had overall slower reaction times, and reported greater workload, nutritional confusion, and backlash. No differences were found for individual ANT systems. These findings suggest that exposure to conflicting health information can degrade attentional mechanisms responsible for accurate and prompt responding to incoming information.
Trump’s Digital Rhetoric of Hate: The Use of Enthymemes in Creating Division

Donald Trump’s divisive rhetoric is a common topic among scholars and citizens of America and the World. Trump’s ability to connect with his followers through Twitter created a different environment than what past politicians encountered due to the unique affordances of social media and the negative attributes of Twitter. Trump’s communication style combined with the rhetorical device of the enthymeme in his tweets conveyed a range of bigoted ideologies, from misogyny to racism to classicism. This paper examines how Donald Trump’s tweets actively promote a hateful divide between Americans by investigating how enthymemes in his tweets are used, the ideographs contained within these enthymemes, the role Twitter’s attributes play, and how rhetor and audience create these understandings together. This analysis explicates the power of Trump’s hateful digital rhetoric and how his continued influence presents a clear and present danger to American democracy.
Infection and Disease Epidemiology

Chlamydiae cause a wide variety of diseases. In their natural hosts, chlamydial infections usually cause relatively mild diseases characterized by persistent infections with relatively poor immunity, so that recurrent infections can occur. C. psittaci is an extraordinarily common organism among avian species. While infections in the wild may affect only a small fraction of the birds at any given time, the agents are highly infectious and often cause enteric and respiratory infection. The chapter first talks about C. psittaci infections. Many cases of human psittacosis go undiagnosed because it requires a high index of suspicion on the part of a clinician to test cases of atypical pneumonia or unusual febrile diseases for psittacosis. Control of psittacosis depends on control of the avian sources of infection. Despite the wide host range of C. psittaci, infection of humans from nonavian animals is rare. Next, the chapter discusses C. trachomatis infection. C. trachomatis is passed from eye to eye by direct contact. The epidemiology of trachoma continues to provide hope for those trying to produce an effective vaccine for trachoma. Finally, the chapter focuses on C. pneumoniae infections. C. pneumoniae is recognized as an important cause of respiratory disease in young adults and may cause serious respiratory disease in older debilitated individuals. There are no gold standards for diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection. Tetracycline and erythromycin are effective against C. pneumoniae in vitro. C. pneumoniae has also been associated with a bewildering array of chronic diseases.
Bringing Together Personal Learning, Higher Education Institutional Elements, and Global Support for a Re-Orientation Toward a Focus on Lifelong Learning and Education

This extended research study focused on bringing together personal learning, higher educational institutional elements to be considered for helping higher educational institutions and individual learners in various countries to re-orient themselves toward a focus on lifelong learning, and placing this within the support and context of lifelong learning and education around the globe. Research is presented on the background and experiences of various higher educational institutions and individual learners in this regard, developing a tentative policy statement and identification of the elements ofa re-orientation toward lifelong learning focus as products of several worldwide conferences. In addition, the support ofUNESCO in its global reach encourages this to move forward rapidly into the future.
Making School Desegregation Work

The first section of this chapter contains a set of principles about school desegregation. In preparing them, I (Miller, 1977) specifically attempted to construct a set of guidelines that would appeal broadly to social scientists and at the same time reflect current evidence and research related to school desegregation. Over 25 outstanding social scientists, including several past presidents of the American Psychological Association and the American Sociological Association, endorsed them. All had established their reputation for work in desegregation and/or closely related areas such as prejudice, interpersonal relations, and social mobility. Subsequently, these principles were submitted by the Los Angeles City Board of Education to the court of Judge Paul Eagly as part of their second desegregation plan. I prepared them after the court had rejected the first plan submitted by the Los Angeles Board of Education, hoping they would not only educate the court, but also influence the school board and the district in their preparation of a new plan. In later sections of the chapter I discuss in detail recent data that bear on a notion which is the cornerstone for much theorizing about how school desegregation produces academic benefit for minority children, namely, the lateral transmission of values hypothesis. Finally, I discuss briefly some alternate classroom and educational strategies for desegregation.
Construction of the Mid‐Level Management Position

The role of the mid-level manager as an organizer, communicator, and problem-solver in student affairs has been examined within the literature, but current discussion generally excludes the perspective of managers at community colleges. This chapter focuses on the importance of managerial identity and roles, particularly as it is enacted within a community college context. A framework is proposed as a tool for understanding the characteristics of the described managerial selves and how they are perceived by themselves and others.
The trophoblast is a component of the innate immune system during pregnancy.

Systemic infection with Listeria monocytogenes, a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium, has been used extensively to analyze the innate immune response1,2. Macrophages are central to this response, acting as both the host for and principal defense against this bacterium. During pregnancy L. monocytogenes has a predilection for replication at the maternal–placental interface and consequently is an important cause of fetal morbidity and mortality3,4. However, macrophages are mostly excluded from the murine placenta with neutrophils acting as the main immune effector cell against this bacterium3,5,6. Colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1, a macrophage growth factor, is synthesized in high concentrations by the uterine epithelium during pregnancy, where it is targeted to trophoblast bearing CSF-1-receptors7,8. To define the involvement of CSF-1 in placental immunity, we infected pregnant mice either homozygous or heterozygous for an inactivating recessive mutation in the gene for CSF-1 (osteopetrotic; Csfmop) with L. monocytogenes9. CSF-1 was required to recruit neutrophils to the site of listerial infection in the decidua basalis, and infection by Listeria remained unrestrained in its absence. CSF-1 acted by inducing the trophoblast to synthesize the neutrophil chemoattractants (KC) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2. Thus, during pregnancy, trophoblast responsive to CSF-1 acts to organize the maternal immune response to bacterial infection at the utero–placental interface. This previously unknown function indicates that the trophoblast acts as a pregnancy-specific component of the innate immune system.
Aerodynamic Drag of Engine-Cooling Airflow With External Interference

This report examines the aerodynamic drag and external interference of engine cooling airflow. Much of the report is on inlet interference, a subject that has not been discussed in automotive technical literature. It is called inlet spillage drag, a term used in the aircraft industry to describe the change in inlet drag with engine airflow. The analysis shows that the reduction in inlet spillage drag, from the closed front-end reference condition, is the primary reason why cooling drag measurements are lower than would be expected from free stream momentum considerations. In general, the free stream momentum (or ram drag) is the upper limit and overstates the cooling drag penalty. An analytical expression for cooling drag is introduced to help the understanding and interpretation of cooling drag measurements, particularly the interference at the inlet and exit. Empirical thrust coefficients, which represent the interferences, are introduced as a practical representation of the interaction to the exterior pressure distribution. Comparisons to experimental measurements on three vehicles are presented to illustrate the concepts.
Diagnosis in modem design - just the tip of the iceberg

When test is done right, that is to an acceptable quality specification (and without impeding productivity and cost), defective parts fail the screening process. Without splitting hairs on definition, diagnosis and debug digs deeper to determine why the part is unacceptable. Troubleshooting how and why a part (or system) fails is important. For example, this may be needed for yield improvement, process monitoring, debugging the design function, failure mode learning for R&D, or just getting a working first prototype. But the detective work can become tricky. One reason for this is that, while many segments of the product creation flow (e.g. the design and test development flows) have benefited from years of study and automation, diagnosis has somewhat lagged in the formalization of techniques. Also, the test floor equipment have been traditionally designed and operated for pass/fail oriented testing. Unless this situation improves, an effective diagnosis-friendly environment may be elusive when it is needed most.
Checkpoint and Restart for Distributed Components in XCAT3

With the advent of grid computing, more and more high-end computational resources become available for use to a scientist. While this opens up new avenues for scientific research, it makes reliability and fault tolerance of such a system a non-trivial task, especially for long running distributed applications. In order to solve this problem, we present a distributed user-defined checkpointing mechanism within the XCAT3 system. XCAT3 is a framework for component component architecture (CCA) based components consistent with current Grid standards. We describe in detail the algorithms and APIs that are added to XCAT3 in order to support distributed checkpointing. Our approach ensures that the checkpoints are platform independent, minimal in size, and always available during component failures. In addition, our algorithms maintain correctness in the presence of failures and scale well with the number of components, and checkpoint size.
Technical Note: Simulation of 4DCT tumor motion measurement errors

Purpose: To determine if and by how much the commercial 4DCT protocols under- and overestimate tumor breathing motion. Methods: 1D simulations were conducted that modeled a 16-slice CT scanner and tumors moving proportionally to breathing amplitude. External breathing surrogate traces of at least 5-min duration for 50 patients were used. Breathing trace amplitudes were converted to motion by relating the nominal tumor motion to the 90th percentile breathing amplitude, reflecting motion defined by the more recent 5DCT approach. Based on clinical low-pitch helical CT acquisition, the CT detector moved according to its velocity while the tumor moved according to the breathing trace. When the CT scanner overlapped the tumor, the overlapping slices were identified as having imaged the tumor. This process was repeated starting at successive 0.1 s time bin in the breathing trace until there was insufficient breathing trace to complete the simulation. The tumor size was subtracted from the distance between the most superior and inferior tumor positions to determine the measured tumor motion for that specific simulation. The effect of the scanning parameter variation was evaluated using two commercial 4DCT protocols with different pitch values. Because clinical 4DCT scan sessions would yield a single tumor motion displacement measurement for each patient, errors in the tumor motion measurement were considered systematic. The mean of largest 5% and smallest 5% of the measured motions was selected to identify over- and underdetermined motion amplitudes, respectively. The process was repeated for tumor motions of 1–4 cm in 1 cm increments and for tumor sizes of 1–4 cm in 1 cm increments. Results: In the examined patient cohort, simulation using pitch of 0.06 showed that 30% of the patients exhibited a 5% chance of mean breathing amplitude overestimations of 47%, while 30% showed a 5% chance of mean breathing amplitude underestimations of 36%; with a separate simulation using pitch of 0.1 showing, respectively, 37% overestimation and 61% underestimation. Conclusions: The simulation indicates that commercial low-pitch helical 4DCT processes potentially yield large tumor motion measurement errors, both over- and underestimating the tumor motion.
Review of Business Comes to the Expert: A Proactive Marketing Plan for Professional Practice Firms by Brenda Richards and Kathleen Soldati

The premise of Business Comes to the Expert is simple: firms that learn to actively and creatively collect and manage company knowledge and disseminate it in the AEC marketplace can build their reputations as the go-to experts. When this concept is properly executed, business finds your firm, or at the very least, it shows you how you can generate marketing opportunities rather than wait for them to come along. From the beginning, the book concentrates on proactive marketing rather than the reactive marketing approach of replying to advertised needs or requests for proposals RFPs . Following this approach, you quickly realize that every firm activity has some value as a marketing activity if you know how to use it to its best advantage. Authors Brenda Richards and Kathleen Soldati, a duo of experienced marketing professionals, outline a practical, nononsense approach to business development. Expert is not an academic textbook, but rather a step-by-step marketing handbook for developing new business, specifically focusing on the building industry. Brenda Richards’s career in design firm administration and management is extensive, and she has contributed to publications produced by the Society for Design Administration SDA and the American Institute of Architects AIA . Kathleen Soldati is an innovative professional with significant marketing and public relations expertise who is currently teaching a course on marketing strategies for design firms at Boston Architectural College. Expert has its own companion Web site at http://www. greenway.us/expertbook, which contains a detailed experience profile on each of the authors, more information on the content of the book, links to related information, and downloadable versions of the tables and spreadsheets discussed subsequently. In typical “get down to business” fashion, the book doesn’t start with a formal table of contents but provides an annotated chapter-by-chapter contents description in the introduction chapter 1 . A brief summary of the chapter contents follows:
Salt loading increases the muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to upright tilt: a pilot study (1170.3)

Increased sodium intake reduces resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). We hypothesized that the increase in MSNA during upright tilt would be greater following a high sodium (HS) diet compared to a low sodium (LS) diet. Six healthy women (40±6[SD]yrs) were tested following a 7 day HS (5750mgNa+/day) and 7 day LS diet (1150mgNa+/day) in randomized order during the mid-luteal phase. Blood pressures (BP, SunTech), heart rate (HR, ECG), cardiac output (Qc, C2H2 rebreathing) and MSNA (microneurography) were measured at rest, 30o and 60o head-up tilt. Stroke volume (SV) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were calculated. BP was similar at supine and 30o but higher at 60o following the HS when compared to LS diet. HR, Qc, SV and TPR were similar following each diet. Supine MSNA burst frequency and burst incidence (BI) respectively were lower following the HS (13±8 bursts.min-1, 22±13 bursts.100beats-1) than the LS diet (22±10 bursts.min-1, 36±18 bursts.100beats-1). The increase in BI from baseline ...
Ultrasonic measurement of postural stability and control

The study of postural sway is of special interest because of its applications in clinical medicine. Currently, the most accurate device used to study postural sway is the force platform. It is however costly and nonportable. The authors introduce an alternative system that consists of a computer-interfaced ultrasonic device. Ultrasound is emitted by sonar and bounces back from the subject's body. The amplitude of motion of the center of gravity is calculated and displayed graphically in real time. They, and several researchers, have determined that the mean speed of sway is a parameter that could be used to quantify postural sway. They developed software to filter system noise and calculate the mean speed of sway accurately. They tested the sensitivity and reliability by performing measurements of a fixed distance, and of the anterior-posterior and medical-lateral sways of thirty young healthy subjects, 15 males and 15 females. The error on the mean speed of sway was found to be less than 1%. This is no less accurate than the best sway instruments they know of. The results are consistent with force-platform measurements, and demonstrate the reliability of the system, as a means to study accurately postural control.
The impact of medical staff collaboration on results reporting capabilities of a community hospital information system

Hospital information systems provide physicians the capability to review patient data online on a 24-hour basis. The complex interface logistics of such systems, however, can discourage physician usage. In an attempt to improve the user interface by minimizing hierarchical menu navigation, the MD Rounds Report program was developed and implemented in June of 1992 as an adjunct to the Physician Subsystem at Rex Hospital with the purpose of providing physicians rapid access to allergies and current medications, laboratory results, radiology reports and therapist notes for selected patients. Program audit trail statistics for the immediate seven-month post-implementation period revealed that actual physician utilization of the program fell significantly short of expectations. Program enhancements were made based on user survey results together with solicited oral and written comments from physicians, and nine physicians participated in pilot testing prior to the September 1993 implementation. As a result of this collaborative effort, utilization of the MD Rounds Report has increased 110%, and the program has become one of the most frequently used Physician Subsystem applications. Medical staff collaboration has been beneficial in terms of improving both system capabilities and physician satisfaction in the course of satisfying online clinical information needs.
Characterization of StiP, a starvation-induced cysteine protease from Acinetobacter baylyi (933.4)

We have investigated the gene ACIAD 1960 from Acinetobacter baylyi. A. baylyi is a soil bacterium that is of interest due to its ability to utilize a diverse set of nutrients as a source of carbon and nitrogen, and to its high level of competence with regards to natural transformation. Medically, it is becoming of interest as a potential source of hospital-acquired infections. Previous work has shown that gene ACIAD1960 is expressed during long-term stationary phase. We identified that the purified protein expressed by ACIAD 1960 encodes a cysteine protease activity. We named the cysteine protease “StiP” to reflect that it is a long-term stationary phase induced protease. We present data from a deletion-insertion mutation which demonstrates that lack of the protein causes alteration of normal cell morphology, smaller twitching zone size, and hypersensitivity to the oxyanion tellurite. The mutant may also have a small growth defect. We show that the presence of divalent metal ions differentially affect its...
Speech Production and Perception

The chapter reviews past and current theorizing and research in four related domains: phonological competence, phonological planning for speech production, speech production itself, and speech perception. Research and theorizing in these domains is conducted, for the most part, independently. However, in the chapter, I link the domains by means of the concept of parity. This is the idea that, for language use to serve its public communicative function, listeners characteristically have to perceive the language forms that speakers produce. This would be facilitated if language forms were the public actions that speakers produce when they talk, so that the forms are public, not private, components of the message. Achievement of parity is also fostered if the forms are preserved throughout a communicative exchange—if they are elements of lexical forms, units of phonological planning, units of action in speech production and units perceived by listeners. I suggest that recognition of the parity requirement may help investigators identify compatible theories in the domains of competence, planning production and perception. Keywords: parity; phonetic gestures; phonological competence; phonological features; phonological planning; speech perception; speech production