cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reversal of multidrug resistance in hematologic malignancies with chemosensitizers: laboratory and clinical studies

There has been much recent progress in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Knowledge of these mechanisms has provided the basis for rational approaches to overcoming or reversing drug resistance and thereby making cancer chemotherapy more effective. In vitro studies with tumor cell lines carried out by Ling in the mid-1970’s suggested that prolonged exposure of the cells to one compound (e.g. Colchicine) could give rise to a multidrug resistant phenotype, with cross resistance to a series of structurally quite different compounds (Ling, 1975). Importantly, Ling’s group established that cell lines exhibiting this form of multidrug resistance (MDR), overexpressed a 170kd Glycoprotein termed the «P- glycoprotein»(P-gp) on tumor cell membranes. Mechanistic studies have established that P-gp functions as a drug-efflux pump, capable of actively transporting a variety of structurally diverse anticancer drugs out of the tumor cell (Beck et al 1979; Gerlach et al 1986; Ling, 1975; Riordan and Ling, 1979). Included in this heterogeneous group of heterocyclic compounds effluxed by P-gp are antitumor antibiotics such as the anthracyclines, mitomycins and actinomycins, and plant alkaloids such as the vincas and the podophyllotoxins. The mechanism of drug resistance associated with MDR expression is considered related to the inability to achieve adequate intracellular cytotoxic drug concentrations.
Consultation/Liaison Psychiatry and AIDS

Consultation/liaison psychiatry is the subspecialty of psychiatry which focuses on the evaluation, treatment, and management of medical and surgical patients with emotional and cognitive problems. Psychiatrists active in this area of expertise are usually based in a hospital setting, or work closely with the patients of internists, family practitioners, surgeons or obstetricians/gynecologists. The psychiatric consultant must possess a firm grounding in general psychiatry as well as a familiarity with common medical/surgical problems and their treatments, the use of psychopharmacologic agents in the medically ill, and the usual structure and functioning of hospitals.1–3 He/she brings knowledge of the complex interactions among the biological, psychological, and social factors that are always at play at any given moment in a person’s life and is expert in assessing the impact of these factors on a person’s current condition. Consultation/liaison psychiatry, then, stands as the bridge between the specialties of psychiatry and medicine, bringing the expertise of the psychiatrist to bear on the physically ill patient who demonstrates disorders of mood or cognition.
The Impact of World War II on the Land: Gruinard Island, Scotland, and Trinity Site, New Mexico as Case Studies

Historians agree that the Second World War proved one of the most momentous events in recorded history. The six years of fighting cost perhaps 60 million civilian and military lives. The major cities of Dresden, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki, just to name a few, were bombed into rubble. When peace arrived in August of 1945, the devastation lay everywhere. The lost lives could never be reclaimed, but over time the cities rebounded. Today, only the Frankfurt Museum scale model of the ruined city center or the bombed-out shell of the A-Bomb Dome in the Hiroshima Peace Park remind the visitor of the events of a half century ago. Battlefields have become farms again, and Tokyo, Dresden, Nagasaki, and Berlin all throng with activity. As poet Carl Sandburg noted in his 1918 poem "Grass": "Two years, ten years, and passengers ask the conductor:/ What place is this?/ Vhere are we now?"l
Does being a foreigner shape judicial behaviour? Evidence from the Constitutional Court of Andorra, 1993–2016

Different personal attributes have been considered to account for judicial policy preferences around the world: ideology, age, gender, race, religion, language and professional background. The appointment of foreign judges is a particularly rare characteristic since most countries do not entertain such a possibility. We use the specific case of the Constitutional Court of Andorra to test the extent to which foreign-appointed judges make a difference, and particularly whether they are more or less inclined to favour local petitioners. An empirical analysis of the entire population of abstract review cases in the period 1993–2016 does not indicate a strong statistical effect.
P.S.: I Survived--An Activism Project to Increase Student and Community Trauma Awareness.

Social work students created a community activism project to raise awareness about trauma prevalence and impact. Trauma theory describes silencing as the mechanism that hinders individual and commu...
Abstract TMEM-022: LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID IN OVARIAN CANCER EPITHELIAL–TO–MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid found in elevated concentrations in ovarian cancer (OVCA) patients. The objective of this study was to define the mechanism of action by which LPA contributes to ovarian carcinogenesis focusing on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and role of human macrophages. THP-1 human macrophages and A27801AP human OVCA cells were used and treated with LPA up to 40 µM for 24 h. In THP-1 human macrophages, LPA treatment led to a dose-dependent increase in IL-1β secretion from 333.5 pg/mL (untreated) to 581.9, 661.8 and 1270.1 pg/mL for 10, 20 and 40 µM LPA treatment. We then used the conditioned medium (CM) from THP-1 macrophages to determine the effect on A27801AP OVCA cells. LPA-treated THP-1 CM increased the expression of EMT transcription factors p65, Slug and Snail as compared to non-LPA-treated THP-1 CM and resting OVCA cells. When A27801AP OVCA cells were treated with LPA alone, 20 µM LPA led to the same significant increase in the expression of EMT transcription factors p65, Slug and Snail. In addition, LPA treatment reduced the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin while increasing the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin which might be associated with increased phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2. The data show the role of LPA in modifying not only OVCA cells but also macrophages that can be found in the tumor microenvironment to promote progression of OVCA by promoting EMT. Citation Format: Vermont P Dia, Ph D. LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID IN OVARIAN CANCER EPITHELIAL–TO–MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr TMEM-022.
Adaptive responses of rat descending vasa recta to ischemia

tested whether rat descending vasa recta (DVR) undergo regulatory adaptations after the kidney is exposed to ischemia. Left kidneys (LK) were subjected to 30-min renal artery cross clamp. After 48 ...
Modeling UGAL on the Dragonfly Topology

The Dragonfly topology has been proposed and deployed as the interconnection network topology for next-generation supercomputers. Practical routing algorithms developed for Dragonfly are based on a routing scheme called Universal Globally Adaptive Load-balanced routing with Global information (UGAL-G). While UGAL-G and UGAL-based practical routing schemes have been extensively studied, all existing results are based on simulation or measurement. There is no theoretical understanding of how the UGAL-based routing schemes achieve their performance on a particular network configuration as well as what the routing schemes optimize for. In this work, we develop and validate throughput models for UGAL-G on the Dragonfly topology and identify a robust model that is both accurate and efficient across many Dragonfly variations. Given a traffic pattern, the proposed models estimate the aggregate throughput for the pattern accurately and effectively. Our results not only provide a mechanism to predict the communication performance for large scale Dragonfly networks but also reveal the inner working of UGAL-G, which furthers our understanding of UGAL-based routing on Dragonfly.
Recent advances in pharmacological management of urinary incontinence

Lower urinary tract symptoms—in particular, storage disorders (for example, urinary incontinence) as well as bladder underactivity—are major health-related problems that increase with age. Yet lower urinary tract symptoms remain under-diagnosed and poorly managed, and incontinence has been cited as the major reason for institutionalization in elderly populations and is one of the most common conditions in primary care practice. Although lifestyle and behavior therapy has been used as a useful treatment regimen for urge incontinence, medications (often used as adjunct) can provide additional benefit. This review will include current therapies used for treatment of urinary incontinence.
Anticooperative Nearest-Neighbor Interactions between Residues in Unfolded Peptides and Proteins

Abstract Growing evidence suggests that the conformational distributions of amino acid residues in unfolded peptides and proteins depend on the nature of the nearest neighbors. To explore whether the underlying interactions would lead to a breakdown of the isolated pair hypothesis of the classical random coil model, we further analyzed the conformational propensities that were recently obtained for the two guest residues (x,y) of GxyG tetrapeptides. We constructed a statistical thermodynamics model that allows for cooperative as well as for anticooperative interactions between adjacent residues adopting either a polyproline II or a β -strand conformation. Our analysis reveals that the nearest-neighbor interactions between most of the central residues in the investigated GxyG peptides are anticooperative. Interaction Gibbs energies are rather large at high temperatures (350 K), at which point many proteins undergo thermal unfolding. At room temperature, these interaction energies are less pronounced. We used the obtained interaction parameter in a Zimm-Bragg/Ising-type approach to calculate the temperature dependence of the ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) of the MAX3 peptide, which is predominantly built by KV repeats. The agreement between simulation and experimental data was found to be satisfactory. Finally, we analyzed the temperature dependence of the CD and 3 J(H N H α ) parameters of the amyloid β 1–9 fragment. The results of this analysis and a more qualitative consideration of the temperature dependence of denatured proteins probed by CD spectroscopy further corroborate the dominance of anticooperative nearest-neighbor interactions. Generally, our results show that unfolded peptides—and most likely also proteins—exhibit some similarity with antiferromagnetic systems.
Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance

Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the primary innate defense mechanism of the lung. The functional components are the protective mucous layer, the airway surface liquid layer, and the cilia on the surface of ciliated cells. The cilia are specialized organelles that beat in metachronal waves to propel pathogens and inhaled particles trapped in the mucous layer out of the airways. In health this clearance mechanism is effective, but in patients with primary cilia dyskinesia (PCD) the cilia are abnormal, resulting in deficient MCC and chronic lung disease. This demonstrates the critical importance of the cilia for human health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the components of the MCC apparatus, focusing on the role of cilia in MCC.
Jane Johnson and Anne Van Rensselaer (eds): Siblings: The Autism Spectrum Through Our Eyes

There is much written about individuals on the autism spectrum but relatively little about the siblings of children with autism. Growing up with a sibling on the spectrum can be difficult at best. Embarrassment, constant annoyance and lack of attention may be daily occurrences for the siblings of children with autism, but this book highlights that there are also many positive qualities of having a sibling with autism. To combat this underrepresentation of the sibling perspective and to illuminate the fact that siblings of autism are not alone, Siblings: The Autism Spectrum Through Our Eyes was written to focus on the equally rewarding aspects of having a sibling on the spectrum. The book begins with a brief preface that acknowledges that although there are many support groups for siblings of children on the spectrum, not everyone has access to such a group. This book was written to help these siblings feel less alone and to read about others’ viewpoints and encounters with having a sibling on the spectrum. The book is then divided into two parts, beginning with a 13-chapter section for Younger Children and Parents. The second part (six chapters) is geared towards Teenagers and Parents. Chapter 17 is a poem while the rest of the chapters in the book are narratives. Each chapter is written by a sibling of a person on the autism spectrum. The age of each chapter’s author is provided to give reference to the chapter. Ages of authors range from 9 to 41, with siblings of similar ages. Some sibling authors are in the throes of dealing with daily tantrums and issues while other sibling authors have moved away and are living independently from their sibling with autism. Many different occurrences, incidents and perspectives are offered throughout the book, which allows most every reader to relate to some author’s experiences. Siblings: The Autism Spectrum Through Our Eyes should be read by all persons desiring a better understanding of the issues that siblings of children with autism experience. This book is a good read for parents and young adult siblings of children with autism. It offers wisdom of those who have gone before to those now dealing with the issues of having a sibling with autism. It is a concise, 94-page book that will help readers truly understand and appreciate those on the spectrum and how their brothers and sisters perceive their both positive and not-so-positive experiences of having a sibling on the autism spectrum.
7.03 Asymmetric C–H Functionalization by Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer Reactions

C–H functionalization through transition metal-catalyzed carbene transfer has been developed into one of the most general and direct methods for construction of C–C bonds from C–H bonds. During the past two decades, transition metal complexes of chiral ligands have been successfully developed to enable a high level of stereocontrol for this type of chemical transformation. To date, a number of transition metal-based catalytic systems have been established for asymmetric carbene C–H functionalization, in both intermolecular and intramolecular fashions. In this chapter, different types of catalytic systems for stereoselective C–H functionalization via catalytic carbene transfer are reviewed. Literature reports are classified and discussed according to transition metal catalysts and electronic properties of the diazo reagents. This chapter will mainly focus on the issue of stereoselectivity, especially enantioselectivity.
Common Ground and Small Group Interaction in Large Virtual World Gatherings

Virtual worlds can allow conversational participants to achieve common ground in situations where the information volume and need for clarification is low. We argue in favor of this assertion through an examination of a semi-structured activity among hundreds of users held in a virtual world. Through the idea of implicit grounding, we argue that the affordances of contextualized space, knowledge of the social occasion, and creative self presentation allowed attendees to achieve common ground in a low information volume, low clarification need activity. We use the success of the event to reexamine and extend Clark and Brennan??s work on grounding in communication.
A Biochemical and Biosynthetic Analysis of Human Melanoma-Associated Antigens with Monoclonal Antibodies

The molecular profile and cellular topography of two melanoma associated antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies 9.2.27 and F11 were investigated. The 9.2.27 antibody recognizes a 250K glycoprotein which associates with a high molecular weight complex (HMW-C)1 Mr > 500K in indirect immunoprecipitation analysis of detergent extracts obtained from biosynthetically labeled melanoma cells. The HMW-C appears late in the biosynthesis of this antigenic complex as judged by pulse-chase studies and is sensitive to degradation by chondroitinase ABC lyase suggesting that it is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Direct binding analysis of iodinated 9.2.27 IgG to isolated membrane fractions of melanoma cells reveal strong antigenic activity of this antigen demonstrating its membrane association. In contrast to these results, the F11 antibody recognized three glycoproteins in detergent extracts of biosynthetically labeled melanoma cells at Mr 75, 77 and 100K. The primary antigenic activity recognized by F11, however, is in the spent media of melanoma cells. Indirect immunoprecipitation analysis of secreted spent media components revealed that the F11 antibody recognizes only the 100K component as a secreted melanoma associated antigen and a cross reactive lower molecular weight antigen in spent media of two neuroblastoma cell lines. Thus, monoclonal antibodies can be used to dissect the molecular nature and cellular topography of melanoma associated antigens through the combination of biosynthetic, enzymatic and cell fractionation techniques allowing the identification of these potentially tumor associated gene products. This information will allow the design of experiments to investigate the functional roles of these molecules in malignant melanoma.
Agrarian Environmental Philosophy in an Inter-cultural Context

Environmental philosophers in Europe and North America have gravitated toward an approach that emphasizes the scarcity of resources and the encroachment of civilization on spectacular natural landscapes. As a result, they have neglected philosophical sources within the European tradition that would start with agriculture as a locus for building conceptualizations of humanity’s proper relationship to the natural world. Some of these sources are reviewed briefly, and they are put forward as a possible bridge for creating new conversations among philosophers representing Western and East Asian philosophical traditions.
Small Signal Phasor Modeling of Phase-shift Modulated Series Resonant Converters with Constant Input Current

Series resonant converters (SRCs) being deployed in dc current distribution systems have constant input current, leading to variable input voltage. This results in significantly different steady state and dynamic behavior in comparison with traditional constant input voltage scenarios, and these differences and associated system design and stability challenges have not been well studied in the literature. This paper develops and validates small signal models using dynamic phasor modeling techniques for phase-shift modulated SRCs with constant input current and derives explicit analytical expressions for all key transfer functions, including input impedance and control-to-output. The small signal models and transfer functions are suitable for feedback loop design, system stability evaluation and related design oriented analysis. Results are provided for a 250 kHz SRC with 500 V input voltage and a 250 kHz SRC with 1 A input current, 0.33 A output current to validate the analytical models.
Acceptance, Understanding & Experience: Exploring Obstacles to Evolution Education among Advanced Placement Teachers

Students in the United States who wish to begin early enrollment in college-level coursework often turn to Advanced Placement (AP) secondary coursework such as AP Biology as an accelerated option. As such, it is expected that those teachers who are responsible for the AP Biology courses hold an advanced level of subject-area expertise that extends to topics that are often seen as controversial in K–12 classrooms, including evolution. We surveyed 71 AP Biology teachers in a state in the southeastern United States to see how their levels of evolution content knowledge, evolution acceptance, and understandings of the nature of science compared to results that have been found in similar studies in general biology teachers and preservice science teachers. Our results indicate that AP Biology teachers in the Southeast have understandings and levels of acceptance regarding evolution that are in line with or lower than those of fellow teachers. This suggests that in spite of the nationalized AP curriculum, there are still gaps in fundamental knowledge, understandings, and approach that need to be addressed.
Distinct mechanisms of Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME-mediated light-evoked membrane depolarization and in vivo clock resetting

Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME (dCRY) mediates electrophysiological depolarization and circadian clock resetting in response to blue or ultraviolet (UV) light. These light-evoked biological responses operate at different timescales and possibly through different mechanisms. Whether electron transfer down a conserved chain of tryptophan residues underlies biological responses following dCRY light activation has been controversial. To examine these issues in in vivo and in ex vivo whole-brain preparations, we generated transgenic flies expressing tryptophan mutant dCRYs in the conserved electron transfer chain and then measured neuronal electrophysiological phototransduction and behavioral responses to light. Electrophysiological-evoked potential analysis shows that dCRY mediates UV and blue-light-evoked depolarizations that are long lasting, persisting for nearly a minute. Surprisingly, dCRY appears to mediate red-light-evoked depolarization in wild-type flies, absent in both cry-null flies, and following acute treatment with the flavin-specific inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium in wild-type flies. This suggests a previously unsuspected functional signaling role for a neutral semiquinone flavin state (FADH•) for dCRY. The W420 tryptophan residue located closest to the FAD-dCRY interaction site is critical for blue- and UV-light-evoked electrophysiological responses, while other tryptophan residues within electron transfer distance to W420 do not appear to be required for light-evoked electrophysiological responses. Mutation of the dCRY tryptophan residue W342, more distant from the FAD interaction site, mimics the cry-null behavioral light response to constant light exposure. These data indicate that light-evoked dCRY electrical depolarization and clock resetting are mediated by distinct mechanisms.
Abstract P111: Sex Differences in Rate or Rhythm Control and Outcomes Among Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction: Women with atrial fibrillation (AF) experience greater symptomatology, worse quality of life, and have a higher risk of stroke as compared to men, but are less likely to receive rhyth...
Bone, muscle, and sarcopenia

Abstract Muscle and bone are tightly coupled in both form and function across the lifespan. A better understanding of how muscle and bone interact is needed to optimize preventive and therapeutic strategies that can reduce the burden of musculoskeletal diseases, such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. In this chapter, we begin by examining the interactions between muscle and bone from mechanical to biological levels. We then discuss the clinical significance of age-associated muscle and bone loss and provide a brief overview of techniques used to assess sarcopenia in clinical and research settings. We conclude by summarizing the pharmacologic and lifestyle-based interventions currently available, with a focus on how obesity affects sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
The current status of virus-positive liver transplantation.

Purpose of review The last 2 years have seen significant developments in virus-positive liver transplantation. This review provides an updated account of the transplantation of hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV-positive livers, with a specific focus on studies published in the last 18 months. Recent findings The advent of highly efficacious direct acting antiviral agents, nucleos(t)ide analogues and a continued organ shortage have led to the well tolerated utilization of HCV, HBV and HIV-positive organs. There has been a significant increase in the transplantation of HCV seropositive and NAT+ organs into HCV-negative recipients, without compromising patient or graft survival. Early reports of HBV core antibody (HBVcAb), HBV surface antigen (HBVsAg) positive and NAT+ donors are growing in the USA with promising results. Similarly, small studies have described the use of HIV-positive to HIV-positive liver transplantation without concerns for superinfection. Summary HCV, HBV and HIV-positive liver transplantations can be accomplished safely and are associated with equivalent outcomes when paired with appropriate recipients. The practice of virus positive liver transplantation should be encouraged to combat the ongoing organ shortage.
The nucleotide binding affinities of two critical conformations of Escherichia coli ATP synthase.

Abstract ATP synthase is essential in aerobic energy metabolism, and the rotary catalytic mechanism is one of the core concepts to understand the energetic functions of ATP synthase. Disulfide bonds formed by oxidizing a pair of cysteine mutations halted the rotation of the γ subunit in two critical conformations, the ATP-waiting dwell (αE284C/γQ274C) and the catalytic dwell (αE284C/γL276C). Tryptophan fluorescence was used to measure the nucleotide binding affinities for MgATP, MgADP and MgADP-AlF4 (a transition state analog) to wild-type and mutant F1 under reducing and oxidizing conditions. In the reduced state, αE284C/γL276C F1 showed a wild-type-like nucleotide binding pattern; after oxidation to lock the enzyme in the catalytic dwell state, the nucleotide binding parameters remained unchanged. In contrast, αE284C/γQ274C F1 showed significant differences in the affinities of the oxidized versus the reduced state. Locking the enzyme in the ATP-waiting dwell reduced nucleotide binding affinities of all three catalytic sites. Most importantly, the affinity of the low affinity site was reduced to such an extent that it could no longer be detected in the binding assay (Kd > 5 mM). The results of the present study allow to present a model for the catalytic mechanism of ATP synthase under consideration of the nucleotide affinity changes during a 360° cycle of the rotor.
Evidence of potential tobacco industry influence in Tobacco Regulatory Science.

A May 2021 special issue1 of the American Journal of Health Behavior ( AJHB ) on JUUL consisted of 13 articles with 12 including authors who were employees of JUUL Labs; all articles reported at least one author with funding from the tobacco industry. JUUL is an electronic cigarette device that holds the greatest market share2 and is the most popular device among youth.3 The research reported in the issue was “designed to provide the US Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Tobacco Products with the information it needs and has requested to judge whether a product is appropriate for the protection of public health” per Drs Eric Auguston and Saul Shiffman.4 JUUL paid US$51 000 for the special open-access issue according to the New York Times .5 While such engagement with the industry may be acceptable under AJHB policies, it also raises a concern that funding from the tobacco industry may have been benefiting the then editor-in-chief of Tobacco Regulatory Science ( TRS ) through a company owned by his spouse. …
TH-AB-BRB-06: Accelerating Sliding Window VMAT by Open-Out/close-in Field Delivery Techniques

Purpose: To describe how to make sliding window VMAT delivery more efficient by customizing the delivery of each angular sector based on the shape of the fluence maps. Methods: VMAT is a highly non-convex optimization problem. We decompose the problem by first considering an IMRT problem with 30 equispaced beams. This problem is solved with smoothing terms and the resulting fluence maps are analyzed for delivery considerations. Rows of the fluence maps that are bimodal are to be delivered with a leaf sweep across the field, both leaves moving in same direction. Unimodal rows can be delivered more efficiently with leaves either closing inward or opening outward. More classifications of this type are done, as well as re-optimizations of the 30 beam IMRT problem with penalties to achieve the desired fluence map restrictions. Mixed integer programming is used for some leaf trajectory calculations and to decide which sectors will get non-sliding window delivery. Results: By iterating between fluence map classification and optimization with penalties which support the classifications, VMAT plans of similar quality to full sliding window plans can be produced with improved delivery time. For a fluence row that is unimodal and “steep enough” (shallow unimodal fields require unrealistically fast leaf speeds), delivery time using leaf close-in/open-out can be more than twice as fast as sliding window delivery. For a prostate case, by classifying 50% of the fluence maps as unimodal deliverable, we are able to reduce the treatment time from 3.5 minutes to 2.6 minutes with a negligible change in plan quality. Conclusion: By choosing the delivery style of fluence maps based on their shapes, rather than imposing that every map gets a full sliding window delivery, we can retain the high-quality of sliding window style VMAT while gaining delivery efficiencies of non-sliding window VMAT. David Craft is partially supported by a research collaboration with RaySearch Laboratories.
Morphology of tumors induced in hamster soft tissues by bovine adenovirus type 3.

Thirty-one hamsters were injected subcutaneously with bovine adenovirus type 3. The average titer of the virus was 4.38 lg TCD50/ml in a volume of 0.2 ml. Thirty animals developed solid tumors, while in one animal a cyst was seen. In 24 out of 30 hamsters the tumors were poorly differentiated sarcomas. However, a number of histological features suggest that they might be of vascular origin. Twenty-one tumors had the structure of a malignant hemangiopericytoma with areas of angioleiomyosarcoma. After the first passage in adult hamsters the structure of angioleiomyosarcoma became particularly distinct. In three animals the tumors had the appearance of malignant hemangioendothelioma. In some animals there were tumors which we think it reasonable to identify as malignant schwannomas and in one animal an unclassifiable polymorphocellular sarcoma was found. The transplantation of tumors of malignant hemangiopericytoma type resulted in a lowering of the level of differentiation, but the tendency to angioplasia persisted for a long time, though it grew less marked. Tumor cells of KOH-1 line after inoculation into hamsters induced tumors which had the structure of a malignant hemangiopericytoma with a well-pronounced component of angioleiomyosarcoma. Trente et un hamsters ont recu une injection sous-cutanee d'adenovirus bovin du type 3. Le titre moyen du virus etait de 4.38 lg TCD50/ml dans un volume de 0.2 ml. Trente animaux ont ete atteints de tumeurs solides et un kyste a ete observe chez le trente et unieme. Dans 24 des 30 cas, les tumeurs etaient des sarcomes peu differencies. Toutefois, un certain nombre de caracteristiques histologiques donnent a penser qu'elles pourraient ětre d'origine vasculaire. Vingt et une tumeurs avaient la structure d'un hemangiopericytome malin avec des zones d'angioleiomyosarcome. Apres le premier passage sur des hamsters adultes, la structure de l'angioleiomyosarcome est devenue particulierement nette. Chez trois animaux, les tumeurs avaient l'aspect d'un heman-gioendotheliome malin. Chez certains hamsters, nous avons observe des tumeurs que nous pensons pouvoir identifier a juste titre comme des schwannomes malins; chez un animal, nous avons trouve un sarcome polymorphocellulaire inclassable. La transplantation de tumeurs du type hemangiopericytome malin a entraine une diminution du niveau de differenciation, mais la tendance a l'angioplasie a persiste pendant long-temps, bien qu'elle soit de moins en moins nette. Apres inoculation a des hamsters, les cellules tumorales de la lignee KOH-1 ont induit des tumeurs ayant la structure d'un hemangiopericytome malin avec une forte composante du type angioleiomyosarcome.
Evaluation of the Capillary Microhematocrit as a Screening Test for Anemia in Pediatric Office Practice

The capillary microhematocrit test is widely used to screen pediatric patients for anemia. Recently, it has been suggested that this method produces spuriously elevated values compared with venous hematocrits measured by a Coulter electronic counter and might consequently fail to detect children who are truly anemic. To address this issue we studied 66 white children 9 months to 14 years of age whose capillary hematocrits were either below, equal to, or one or two points above the lower limit of normal for age. Venous specimens were obtained simultaneously with the capillary sample; hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume results were obtained using a Coulter electronic counter. Using published standards of venous hemoglobin, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the capillary microhematocrit in this population of patients with low or borderline values. Twenty of the 66 patients had venous hemoglobin values less than the lower limit of normal. The sensitivity of the microhematocrit was 90.0%; the specificity was 43.5%. The predictive values for a normal (negative) hematocrit was 90.1%; the predictive value for a low (positive) hematocrit was 40.9%. We conclude that the microhematocrit method using capillary blood will miss very few patients with significantly low venous hemoglobin values and is thus an acceptable screening test for anemia. Because it does not require expensive equipment or special skill to obtain the specimen or perform the test, it is ideal for physicians' offices or nonhospital-based clinics.
The Liverpool Emigrant Servant Trade and the Transition to Slave Labor in the Chesapeake, 1697-1707: Market Adjustments to War

Abstract The impact of Queen Anne′s War on the servant market is measured using evidence from 1440 servants embarking at Liverpool. War is associated with higher migration costs, lower emigration, and shifts in the distribution of servant ages, gender, destinations, and recruiting agents. Wartime servant supplies fell, driving down contract lengths and raising servant costs. Except for teenage females, the colonial demand for servants and the cross-price effect on the demand for slaves are estimated to be elastic. Queen Anne′s War was the short-run catalyst that drove Chesapeake planters to shift to slave labor.
Fault tolerance through re-execution in multiscalar architecture

Multi-threading and multiscaling are two fundamental microarchitecture approaches that are expected to stay on the existing performance gain curve. Both of these approaches assume that integrated circuits with over billion transistors will become available in the near future. Such large integrated circuits imply reduced design tolerances and hence increased failure probability. Conventional hardware redundancy techniques for desired reliability in computation may severely limit the performance of such high performance processors. Hence we need to study novel methods to exploit the inherent redundancy of the microarchitectures, without unduly affecting the performance, to provide correct program execution and/or detect failures (permanent or transient) that can occur in the hardware. This paper proposes a time redundancy technique suitable for multiscalar architectures. In the multiscalar architecture, there are usually several processing units to exploit the instruction level parallelism that exists in a given program. The technique in this paper uses a majority of the processing units for executing the program as in the traditional multiscalar paradigm while using the remainder of the processing units for re-executing the committed instructions. By comparing the results from the two program executions, errors caused by permanent or transient faults in the processing units can be detected. Simulation results presented in this paper demonstrate that this can be achieved with about 5-15% performance degradation.
Four-quadrant CMOS/BiCMOS multipliers using linear-region MOS transistors

This paper discusses the use of common source MOS transistors operating in the linear region to create four-quadrant multipliers. Analyses of two different multipliers based on this concept are presented and verified through SPICE simulations. The second circuit is shown to have low distortion, low sensitivity to mismatch, and good high frequency performance. >
Defect and Damage Characterization in Composite Materials

Defects may be introduced in composites during processing and fabrication. They include contaminants, porosity, inclusions, delaminations, and nonuniform fiber and matrix distributions. Damage induced in service under loading and environmental variations includes matrix cracking, delamination, fiber breakage, and dispersed defects, such as matrix ageing and degradation.
Serotonin receptor, SERT mRNA and correlations with symptoms in males with alcohol dependence and suicide.

Thompson PM, Cruz DA, Olukotun DY, Delgado PL. Serotonin receptor, SERT mRNA and correlations with symptoms in males with alcohol dependence and suicide. Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that abnormalities in components of the serotonin (5HT) system in the prefrontal cortex are associated with suicide in alcohol-dependent subjects. Second, we assessed the relationship of lifetime impulsivity and mood symptoms with prefrontal cortex 5-HT measures. Method: Tissue was obtained from Brodmann’s areas (BA) 9 and 24 in postmortem samples of individuals who were alcohol dependent with suicide (n = 5), alcohol dependent without suicide (n = 9) and normal controls (n = 5). Serotonin receptor (5HT) and serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) mRNA were measured. Interviews with next of kin estimated lifetime impulsivity and mood symptoms in the last week of life. Results: Serotonin receptor 1A (5HT1A) mRNA in BA 9 was elevated in the alcohol dependence without suicide group compared with controls. In the alcohol dependence with suicide group, anxiety symptoms were associated with decreased BA 24 SERT mRNA and depressive symptoms with BA 9 5HT1A mRNA expression. In the alcohol dependent only group impulsivity is correlated with increased BA 9, and BA 24 serotonin receptor 2A mRNA. Conclusion: Our data suggest region-specific change, rather than global serotonin blunting is involved in alcohol dependence and suicide. It also suggests that symptoms are differentially influenced by prefrontal cortex serotonin receptor mRNA levels.
The enzymatic mechanisms for deoxythymidine synthesis in human leukocytes. II. Comparison of deoxyribosyl donors.

Abstract In a cell-free system prepared from human leukocytes, synthesis of deoxythymidine is catalyzed by a transfer of deoxyribosyl from a deoxynucleoside to thymine (pyrimidine deoxyribosyltransferase) and by a coupled deoxynucleoside phosphorylase mechanism in which deoxythymidine is synthesized from the deoxyribose-1-P formed after phosphorolytic cleavage of either purine or pyrimidine deoxynucleosides. Both enzymatic mechanisms participate in deoxythymidine synthesis with pyrimidine deoxynucleosides as the deoxyribosyl donor. However, the proportion synthesized by either mechanism is dependent on the concentration of deoxynucleoside. At concentrations above 5 mm the transferase is the predominant enzymatic mechanism. Purine deoxynucleosides, on the other hand, participate in deoxythymidine synthesis only by a coupled deoxynucleoside phosphorylase mechanism. Rates of deoxythymidine synthesis with purine deoxynucleosides as deoxyribosyl donors were approximately one-tenth to one-thirtieth of the rates with pyrimidine deoxynucleosides. The constant ratio of transferase to phosphorylase through a 140-fold purification and during heat inactivation studies suggests that both activities are the function of one protein. In the presence of thymine and both deoxyuridine and deoxyribose-1-P, synthesis of deoxythymidine occurs independently by both enzymatic mechanisms, indicating that there are separate sites for each deoxyribosyl donor.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

While obsessions and compulsions have been described by clinicians for more than a century,1 modem nosology distinguishes a pure syndrome of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from conditions in which obsessive or compulsive features are only part of a wider symptomatology. Currently a diagnosis of OCD is made when intrusive, ego-dystonic thoughts and/or repetitive but stereotyped behaviors are present in the absence of a major neuropsychiatric illness.2 The lifetime prevalence of this disorder has been estimated at 2%.3 While the natural history of OCD has not been studied exhaustively, it appears that a substantial fraction of adults with OCD develop their symptoms before age 15.4 Conversely symptoms of childhood-onset OCD often persist into adulthood.5,6 By most reports, childhood and adult forms of OCD are clinically similar7-9 chronic conditions.10
Store-and-Forward Performance in a DTN

Delay and disruption tolerant networks have been proposed to address data communication challenges in network scenarios where an instantaneous end-to-end path between a source and destination may not exist, and the links between nodes may be opportunistic, predictably connectable, or periodically-(dis)connected. In this paper, we describe the store-and-forward and custody transfer concepts that are used in DTNs. Then, we present simulation results that illustrate the usefulness of the custody transfer feature, and a message ferry in improving the end-to-end message delivery ratio in a multihop scenario where link availability can be as low as 20%. In particular, our results indicate that one can achieve a delivery ratio as high as 90-99% with appropriate buffer allocations. We also provide some preliminary insights on the design factors that influence the end to end delivery ratio, e.g., the link availability patterns and buffer allocation strategies.
A three-phase AC/AC high-frequency link matrix converter for VSCF applications

In this paper, a new three-phase high-frequency link matrix converter is discussed and the topology of conventional matrix converter is modified with the addition of a transformer for a variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) application. The proposed approach accomplishes voltage transfer ratio more than unity, galvanic isolation between both voltage sources and higher power density by employing a high-frequency transformer into the intermediate stage of the dual bridge matrix converter. It has a bidirectional power flow capability, controllable displacement power factor and lower harmonic distortion at both variable speed source and fixed frequency utility. Further, asynchronous or synchronous PWM can be employed depending on the frequency modulation ratio in the primary side converter and it guarantees full input voltage utilization for DC-link and near symmetric square wave pulse trains applied to high frequency transformer regardless of varying input frequency. The proposed approach is a competitive solution for VSCF distributed generating application such as wind-turbine and micro-turbine application. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system. Experimental results on a 230V, 3kVA 400 Hz to 60 Hz VSCF system based on DSP controller are presented.
Association between human cytomegalovirus antibody levels, and essential hypertension and functional status in elderly Koreans

Aim To evaluate the relationship between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antibody status, and hypertension and functional status among elderly Koreans. Methods Patients aged ≥65 years were prospectively enrolled from March 2011 to February 2012 at a 2000-bed university hospital. We collected data including CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte count, and functional status by measuring basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living for all patients. In addition, HCMV immunoglobulin G levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked fluorescent assay. Results During the study period, 103 patients (51 men), who were admitted for treatment of infections or other diseases, were enrolled. Multivariate analysis showed that body mass index and HCMV immunoglobulin G antibody titers were independent factors associated with hypertension in elderly patients (OR 1.347, 95% CI 1.113–1.630, P = 0.002; OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.001–1.047, P = 0.042, respectively). In univariate linear correlations, HCMV antibody levels were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure levels (r = 0.303, P = 0.002), CD8+ T-lymphocyte count (r = 0.313, P = 0.001) and instrumental activities of daily living scores (r = 0.217, P = 0.028). In addition, HCMV immunoglobulin G titers were inversely associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = −0.268, P = 0.006). These four variables remained independently significant in multivariate correlation analysis. Conclusion These findings could provide insight into the important role of HCMV in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and decreased functional status in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; ●●: ●●–●●.
New insights into cell cycle control from the Drosophila endocycle

During metazoan development, the organization of the cell cycle is often modified in response to developmental signals. The endocycle provides a dramatic example of this phenomenon. In the endocycle, also referred to as the endoreplicative cycle, cells undergo successive rounds of DNA replication without an intervening mitosis. Often the endocycle is used to expand the genome of a group of specialized cells that are highly biosynthetically active. In these circumstances, large polyploid cells are produced in organisms that are primarily comprised of diploid cells. However, many organisms achieve growth by increasing cell size, rather than cell number. This strategy is more generally exploited in insects and plants. For instance, in the insect Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of the larval tissues, as well as many adult tissues, enter the endocycle and become polyploid. Therefore, Drosophila has been a rich source for studies on endocycle regulation. Recent work from Drosophila is beginning to reveal how developmental signals promote the transition from the mitotic cycle to the endocycle, as well as what drives endocycle progression. In addition, studies on the endocycle have provided insight into the regulatory principles underlying the once per cell cycle replication of the genome, as well as the relationship between S phase and mitosis.
Separation Control Using Plasma Actuators: Dynamic Stall Vortex Control on Oscillating Airfoil

A plasma actuator was used to control leading-edge flow separation and dynamic stall vortex on a periodically oscillated NACA 0015 airfoil. The effectiveness of the actuator was documented through phase-conditioned surface pressure measurements and smoke flow visualization records. The airfoil was driven in a periodic cycle corresponding to α = 15 deg+10deg sinwt. The results presented here are for a reduced frequency of k = ωc/2U ∞ = 0.08. Three cases of control with the plasma actuator were investigated: open-loop control with steady plasma actuation, open-loop control with unsteady plasma actuation, and closed-loop control with steady plasma actuation. For closed-loop control, the actuator was activated in selected portions of the oscillatory cycle based on angle-of-attack feedback. All of the cases investigated exhibited an increase in cycle-integrated lift with improvements in the lift-cycle hysteresis. In two cases, the pitch-moment stall angle was delayed and in one of these, the adverse negative moment peak was significantly reduced.