cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating Dynamic Effects of Market Communications Expenditures

This paper is concerned with the problem of measuring market response to a “communications mix”---the various means which a firm employs to transmit sales messages to potential buyers. Distributed lag models are applied to time series data for an ethical drug to estimate the short-run, intermediate, and long-run effects on market share of expenditures made for journal advertising, direct mail advertising, and samples and literature. Important differences were found among the communications variables with respect to the magnitude and over-time pattern of effect each had on market share. Significantly, the results indicate that the average historic allocation of resources to alternative communication vehicles has been in inverse relation to measured market response. A variety of econometric checks on the models lends credibility to the results. The managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
Association analysis of cowpea bacterial blight resistance in USDA cowpea germplasm

Cowpea bacterial blight (CoBB, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola, Xav) is the most important bacterial disease of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) because it prevalent in all major cowpea growing areas worldwide, and the use of host resistance is the primary method to control this disease. Genetic diversity and association analysis were conducted for CoBB resistance in 249 USDA germplasm accessions, originally collected from 42 countries. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery. A total of 1031 SNPs were used for genetic diversity and association analysis in this study. Three well-differentiated genetic populations and admixtures were postulated in the cowpea panel by STRUCTURE 2.3.4 and MEGA 6. Association analysis for CoBB resistance was done using single marker regression, general linear mode, and mixed linear mode using Tassel 5, GAPIT and QGene 4. Four SNP markers (C35046071_1260, C35084634_455, scaffold96328_3387, and scaffold96765_4430) were identified to be strongly associated with CoBB resistance with >70 % selection accuracy. These markers can be utilized in cowpea breeding for CoBB resistance through marker-assisted selection.
Vibrational Spectroscopy of Polypeptides and Proteins

Raman and infrared spectroscopy provide complementary information concerning the structure and conformation of biopolymers. The vibrational modes are infrared and/or Raman active depending on the symmetry of the particular molecule under consideration through the selection rules.
Mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer prevention

Various clinical and epidemiologic studies show that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin and cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COXIBs) help prevent cancer. Since eicosanoid metabolism is the main inhibitory targets of these drugs the resulting molecular and biological impact is generally accepted. As our knowledge base and technology progress we are learning that additional targets may be involved. This review attempts to summarize these new developments in the field.
Line-segment confidence bands for repeated measures

For the case of repeated measures on Y with mean values linear in a concomitant variable Z in [a, b], a straight-line confidence band over [a, b] is given with width linear in Z. Graphical presentation of such line-segment confidence bands can help emphasize that appropriate inferences are limited to the range of the data. Because the line-segment bands are designed to cover a finite interval, they are usually more efficient than the widely used hyperbolic bands. Conditions for favorable relative efficiency of area bounded are given. This easily computed trapezoidal confidence region is formulated in terms of a growth-curve model.
Return to play after treatment of shoulder labral tears in professional hockey players

ABSTRACTObjectives: Shoulder labral injuries in professional hockey players are often treated surgically to minimize missed ice time. Previous studies have shown that post-operative outcomes in these players are favorable, although they have not specifically focused on athletic performance and time to return to sport. Our objective was to report time to return to play and post-operative on-ice performance metrics after shoulder labral repair in professional ice hockey players.Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the clinical records of all professional hockey players (NHL) who underwent arthroscopic shoulder labral repair by one surgeon between January 2004 and December 2008. Operative data included labral injury type, number of anchors used, concomitant pathology, and complications. Player information included position, shooting hand, games played before and after surgery, date of return to play (RTP), time on ice (TOI) and shots on goal before and after surgery. Paired sample t-test and indep...
Practical Relevance of MRI in Diagnosis of Autism and ADHD

Methods of quantitative MRI brain mapping and possible significance in diagnosis and response to therapy of childhood autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are reviewed by investigators at the Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD.
Effect of temperature on the evolution of n-butyl isocyanate from aqueous Benlate® formulations

Rates of n-butyl isocyanate (BIC) evolution from Benlate® DF and WP formulations were determined at temperatures from 25 to 40°C. The aqueous Benlate® mixture was added to a glass bottle containing basaltic gravel, and the gas phase BIC carried to an XAD-2 cartridge by a stream of air. The trapped BIC was eluted and analyzed by gas chromatography. For older samples obtained from a grower, the average rate of BIC evolution in the first 6 h in DF increased by more than 10-fold to 25 μg/h (3.6 ppm in the head space) when the temperature was increased from 25 to 40°C. In the WP sample, the increase was 3.8-fold to 3.5 μg/h (0.5 ppm). These results demonstrate that aqueous Benlate® formulations produced higher levels of BIC under elevated temperatures, especially when Benlate® DF was used.
Bringing the Social Sciences to Health Policy: An Appreciation of David Mechanic

David Mechanic has been a pioneering leader in the social and behavioral sciences of health, health services, and health and mental health policy for more than fifty years. One of David's most distinctive qualities has been his vision in identifying trends and defining new research areas and perspectives in health care policy. His early work on how methods of physician payment by capitation and fee-for-service in England and the United States affected physicians' responses to patients and patient care addressed present challenges and many ongoing studies of payment mechanisms. His papers on rationing of health care established a framework for examining alternative allocation mechanisms and just decision making. Influential papers dealt with risk selection, policy challenges in managed care, reducing racial disparities, trust relationships between patients, doctors, and the public and health institutions, and the predicaments of health reform. Focusing on the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, David explored its opportunities and challenges especially in providing comprehensive and effective behavioral health services. A hallmark of his work has been his redirecting our attention to the most severely ill and those in greatest need. Less visible is the leadership and institution building endeavors and the many honors David has received.
On the non-trivial generalization of Dynamic Time Warping to the multi-dimensional case

In the last decade, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) has emerged as the distance measure of choice for virtually all time series data mining applications. This is the result of significant progress in improving DTW’s efficiency, and multiple empirical studies showing that DTW-based classifiers at least equal the accuracy of all their rivals across dozens of datasets. Thus far, most of the research has considered only the one-dimensional case, with practitioners generalizing to the multi-dimensional case in one of two ways. In general, it appears the community believes either that the two ways are equivalent, or that the choice is irrelevant. In this work, we show that this is not the case. The two most commonly used multidimensional DTW methods can produce different classifications, and neither one dominates over the other. This seems to suggest that one should learn the best method for a particular application. However, we will show that this is not necessary; a simple, principled rule can be used on a case-by-case basis to predict which of the two methods we should give credence to. Our method allows us to ensure that classification results are at least as accurate as the better of the two rival methods, and in many cases, our method is strictly more accurate. We demonstrate our ideas with the most extensive set of multi-dimensional time series classification experiments ever attempted. Keywords—Dynamic Time Warping; Classification
fMLLR based feature-space speaker adaptation of DNN acoustic models.

We investigate the problem of speaker adaptation of DNN acoustic models in two settings: the traditional unsupervised adaptation and a supervised adaptation (SuA) where a few minutes of transcribed speech is available. SuA presents additional difficulties when a test speaker’s adaptation information does not match the registered speaker’s information. Employing feature-space maximum likelihood linear regression (fMLLR) transformed features as side-information to the DNN, we reintroduce some classical ideas for combining adapted and unadapted features: early and late fusion methods, as well as the estimation of the fMLLR transforms using simple target models (STM). Results show that early fusion helps DNNs generalize better when features are combined after a non-linear bottleneck layer, while late fusion improves robustness, specifically in mismatched cases. STM give consistent improvements in both settings.
Dithiocarbamates and cadmium metabolism: further correlations of cadmium chelate partition coefficients with pharmacologic activity

N,N-bis(beta-Hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate (DHDC), N-methyl-N-hydroxyethyldithiocarbamate (MHDC), and N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyldithiocarbamate (EHDC) were compared for their relative efficacies in promoting organ mobilization and excretion of metallothionein-bound cadmium (Cd). An attempt was made to correlate certain aspects of their pharmacodynamic properties with the octanol/aqueous partition coefficient of each Cd-dithiocarbamate complex. All compounds assessed were effective in mobilizing renal, intestinal, and testicular Cd. Those analogs with slightly greater lipid than aqueous solubility were more effective in this regard (DHDC less than MHDC less than EHDC). However, those analogs with higher lipid solubility (log10P greater than 0) promoted redistribution of Cd to liver. Only DHDC, with the lowest lipid solubility (log10P = -0.3 to -0.6), promoted Cd excretion. None of the congeners effected any redistribution of Cd to brain. Methods of preparation of the sodium salts of these analogs are described in detail.
Reconnection at Earth’s Dayside Magnetopause

Magnetic reconnection at Earth’s dayside magnetopause plays a crucial role in space weather-related phenomena. The response of the magnetosphere to input from interplanetary space differs greatly depending on where reconnection happens and how efficiently it reconnects magnetic flux from interplanetary space. This chapter is a pedagogical treatment of dayside reconnection. Introductory topics include a guide to the magnetosphere for the uninitiated and a brief history of the field. Technical topics include qualitative properties of dayside reconnection, such as where reconnection occurs and what it looks like, and how reconnection quantitatively depends on ambient conditions, including the effect of asymmetries, the diamagnetic drift, and flow shear. Both observational and theoretical aspects are discussed. The chapter is closed with a discussion of open questions and the outlook for the future of dayside reconnection research.
H 2 O Hazards, Risks, and Disasters in Afghanistan and Surrounding Countries

Afghanistan is commonly considered by many experts as one of the places in the world that is most afflicted by natural hazards, especially by those directly or indirectly caused or strongly affected by the H 2 O system. Several forms of landslides (loess flows, debris flows, etc.), water floods, snow avalanches, and four kinds of droughts are among the most serious hazards that the citizens of Afghanistan must endure, and which kill or injure hundreds annually, and destroy extensive infrastructure nationwide. The Government of Afghanistan has traditionally been unable to cope with most of such natural disasters, beyond some fairly rudimentary rescue and remedial actions, but some of the slack has been picked up by the United Nations and U.S. Agency for International Development.
Conservation: Fishing for lessons on coral reefs.

A global study has identified coral reefs with greater fish biomass than would be predicted given human and environmental pressures. These outliers might teach us something about sustainable coral-reef management. See Letter p.416 The health of the world's coral reefs, which provide goods and services for millions of people, is declining. Effective management of these ecosystems requires an understanding of the underlying drivers of reef decline. In a study that spans the gap between ecology and the social sciences, Joshua Cinner and colleagues develop a Bayesian hierarchical model, using data from more than 2,500 reefs worldwide, to predict reef fish biomass based on various socioeconomic drivers and environmental conditions. They identify 15 bright spots — sites where reef biomass is significantly higher than expected. The bright spots are found not only among iconic remote and pristine areas, but also where there are strong sociocultural institutions and high levels of local engagement. On the basis of this analysis, the authors argue for a refocus of coral reef conservation efforts away from locating and protecting remote, pristine sites, towards unlocking potential solutions from sites that have successfully confronted the coral reef crisis.
Role of Mind in Designing a Meaningful Guided Imagery of Higher Power in Psychoneuroimmunology

Effectiveness of a guided imagery for application as a psychotherapeutic modality in mind-body medicine, and the emerging discipline of psychoneuroimmunology, is postulated to be directly proportional to the meaningfulness of the imagery to engender hope and will to meet the challenges in health and healing. A guided imagery of higher power is postulated in light of our recent study on consciousness, in particular, by explaining how meaning arrives in a conscious experience of the imagery and how its cognitive-emotive energy can facilitate relaxation response in proportion to meditating skill on the meaning of the imagery. The guided imagery of higher power as a neuropsychological construct was taught in a continuing educational program, in “Neuropsychology of Spiritual Healing,” seminars to healthcare professionals. Effectiveness of the guided imagery of higher power in engendering hope and will, and its relevance for application in a truly patient-physician pluralistic population was evaluated by a population of one hundred participants, as eighty-five percent, in response to a questionnaire. We propose to conduct a large scale clinical study on the imagery of higher power with hospital patients.
Post-print UV curing method for improving the mechanical properties of prototypes derived from two-photon lithography

Two photon polymerization (TPP) is a precise, reliable, and increasingly popular technique for rapid prototyping of micro-scale parts with sub-micron resolution. The materials of choice underlying this process are predominately acrylic resins cross-linked via free-radical polymerization. Due to the nature of the printing process, the derived parts are only partially cured and the corresponding mechanical properties, i.e. modulus and ultimate strength, are lower than if the material were cross-linked to the maximum extent. Herein, post-print curing via UV-driven radical generation, is demonstrated to increase the overall degree of cross-linking of low density, TPP-derived structures.
Abstract A64: Chronic allergic contact dermatitis, A potent tumor promoter of Marjolin's ulcer

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a well-recognized adverse event associated with implantable medical devices that contain allergenic materials like nickel. However, other cutaneous consequences of such chronic exposures are not well understood. Herein, we report a clinical case of Marjolin9s ulcer, an invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing at the site of chronic inflammation from a previously unreported cause: chronic ACD caused by an orthopedic implant. To determine whether chronic ACD promotes skin carcinogenesis, we utilized a standard murine model of contact hypersensitivity. The chronic application of 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) to carcinogen-treated skin led to the development of papillomas and aggressive SCC. The DNFB-driven chronic ACD was marked by type 2 inflammation that mediated the skin carcinogenesis. Importantly, we found similar tumor-promoting inflammation surrounding the SCC in our patient. Our findings demonstrate that chronic ACD caused by constant exposure to an allergen can promote tumorigenesis at skin sites with pre-existing cancer-initiated cells. This has great implication for the monitoring of implantable devices that are placed in the proximity of the skin and highlights the importance of patch testing prior to the placement of such devices. Citation Format: Shadmehr Demehri, Trevor J. Cunningham, Eva A. Hurst, Andras Schaffer, David M. Sheinbein, Wayne M. Yokoyama. Chronic allergic contact dermatitis, A potent tumor promoter of Marjolin9s ulcer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A64.
Heteroglossic practices in a multilingual science classroom

This paper uses sociocultural theories of language learning to investigate how teachers and students navigate between monolingual institutional policies and the multilingual realities encountered i...
Quantitation of clinical feedback on image quality differences between two CT scanner models

The aim of this work was to quantitate differences in image quality between two GE CT scanner models - the LightSpeed VCT ("VCT") and Discovery HD750 ("HD") - based upon feedback from radiologists at our institution. First, 3 yrs of daily QC images of the manufacturer-provided QC phantom from 10 scanners - five of each model - were analyzed for both noise magnitude, measured as CT-number standard deviation, and noise power spectrum within the uniform water section. The same phantom was then scanned on four of each model and analyzed for low contrast detectability (LCD) using a built-in LCD tool at the scanner console. An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned using the same eight scanners. A slice within the abdomen section was chosen and three ROIs were placed in regions representing liver, stomach, and spleen. Both standard deviation of CT-number and LCD value was calculated for each image. Noise magnitude was 8.5% higher in HD scanners compared to VCT scanners. An associated increase in the magnitude of the noise power spectra were also found, but both peak and mean NPS frequency were not different between the two models. VCT scanners outperformed HD scanners with respect to LCD by an average of 13.1% across all scanners and phantoms. Our results agree with radiologist feedback, and necessitate a closer look at our body CT protocols among different scanner models at our institution.
The Contribution of Private Sector Colleges and Universities to IP-Intensive Industries in the United States

Private sector colleges and universities play a vital role in the labor market, global competitiveness, and ultimately growth of the U.S. economy. By providing applicable, market-based skills and education, private sector schools enable their graduates to find better jobs and earn higher incomes in strong growth industries.
Assessment of Innovative Capacity of the Region

Reference points of innovative development of Russian economy are particularly relevant, outlined in the Concept of Long-Term Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation in modern conditions. However the regional dimension should be taken into account in the formation of an effective national system due to the territorial characteristics and federal structure. From the perspective of the authors, assessment of innovative potential is the most important procedure in the management of innovative development of the economy of the region. Identification of strengths and weaknesses in resource supply of area allows you to define the priorities of innovative development and justify the use of specific instruments of innovation policy in the region. In this paper we propose author's method of assessment of the region's innovation potential, based on mathematical and statistical tools. Were made the comparative analysis of the innovation potential of the regions of Central Federal District, and analysis of the structure of the regional innovative potential of the Kursk region. The dynamics of the innovation potential of the Central Federal District of subjects for 2005–2015 were considered. Possible measures to enhance the innovative capacity of the region in view of its structural features were defined.
Current Clinical Challenges in Childhood Ependymoma: A Focused Review

Ependymoma is a locally aggressive tumor with metastatic potential that arises in diverse locations throughout the brain and spine in children. Tumor and treatment may result in significant morbidity. Cure remains elusive for many patients owing to diverse biology and resistance to conventional therapy. The implementation of systematic postoperative irradiation in clinical trials during the past 20 years has increased the proportion of patients achieving durable disease control with excellent results, as measured by objective functional outcome measures. Clinical, pathologic, and molecular risk stratification should be used to refine treatment regimens for children with ependymoma to reduce the risk of complications associated with therapy and increase the rate of disease control in the setting of combined modality or more intensive therapy. This review covers standards of care and current clinical trials for children with ependymoma, emphasizing the history and evolution of treatment regimens during the ...
Advances in the Application and Impact of MicroRNAs as Therapies for Skin Disease

The advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has profoundly impacted molecular biology research and medicine but has also advanced the field of skin care. Both effector molecules of RNAi, short-interfering RNA molecules and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been explored for their relative impact and utility for treating a variety of skin conditions. These post-transcriptional RNA regulatory molecules down-modulate protein expression through targeting of the 3′ untranslated regions of messenger RNAs, leading to their degradation or repression through sequestration. As researchers hunt for genetic linkages to skin diseases, miRNA regulators have emerged as key players in the biology of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and other cells of the skin. Herein, we attempt to coalesce the current efforts to combat various skin disorders and diseases through the development of miRNA-based technologies.
Biomimetic nanostructures in ZnS and ZnSe provide broadband anti-reflectivity

Graded-index, moth eye-inspired anti-reflective features were fabricated in ZnS and ZnSe via nanosphere lithography using a Langmuir–Blodgett dip-coating method with plasma-based mask reduction and pattern transfer. Arrays of hexagonally close-packed conical frusta (top diameter = 300 nm, pitch = 690 nm, height = 2800 nm) were realized by isotropic etching (size-reduction) of the colloidal mask with CF4/Ar, followed by pattern transfer into the substrate using CH4/H2 plasma etching. Substantial increases in broadband transmission were achieved across the 2–20 μm range, yielding 23% and 26% single-side transmission improvement, and 92% and 88% absolute double-side transmission for ZnS and ZnSe, respectively, in excellent agreement with finite difference time domain (FDTD) optical simulations. Experimental differences in direct versus total transmission, and the general fall off of transmission at short wavelengths, were attributed to diffuse forward scattering and diffractive effects, as predicted by far-field scattering patterns using FDTD. The fabrication method presented can be used to enhance efficiency for multiple IR applications by minimizing reflective losses, while offering the further advantages of scalability and low cost.
Representation of Women and Minorities in Clinical Trials for New Molecular Entities and Original Therapeutic Biologics Approved by FDA CDER from 2013 to 2015.

Abstract Background: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made efforts to encourage adequate assessment of women, racial/ethnic minorities, and geriatric participants in clinical trials through regulations and guidance documents. This study surveyed the demographics of clinical trial participants and the presence of efficacy and safety analyses by sex for new drugs approved between 2013 and 2015 by the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Methods: New drug marketing applications submitted to FDA were surveyed for demographic data (sex, race, ethnicity, and age) and the presence of sex-based analyses for efficacy and safety. The Ratio of the Proportion of women in clinical trials for the indicated disease population relative to the estimated Proportion of women in the disease population (PPR) was calculated for new drug indications. Results: Of the 102 new drugs in this cohort (defined as new molecular entity drugs and original therapeutic biologics), sex was reported for >99.9% of trial...
“Suddenly, we got to become therapists for each other”: Designing Peer Support Chats for Mental Health

Talk therapy is a common, effective, and desirable form of mental health treatment. Yet, it is inaccessible to many people. Enabling peers to chat online using effective principles of talk therapy could help scale this form of mental health care. To understand how such chats could be designed, we conducted a two-week field experiment with 40 people experiencing mental illnesses comparing two types of online chats-chats guided by prompts, and unguided chats. Results show that anxiety was significantly reduced from pre-test to post-test. User feedback revealed that guided chats provided solutions to problems and new perspectives, and were perceived as "deep," while unguided chats offered personal connection on shared experiences and were experienced as "smooth." We contribute the design of an online guided chat tool and insights into the design of peer support chat systems that guide users to initiate, maintain, and reciprocate emotional support.
Pavlovian conditioning of social exploration in adult female rats

Abstract Social conditioned place preference (SCPP) studies show that the reward value of social interaction is amenable to the laws of associative learning, such that it becomes associated with the physical properties of the context. However, social interaction can be initiated and maintained by a variety of motivations, such as the exploration of a novel conspecific, aggression, mutual grooming and mating-like actions. In order to study whether social exploration is rewarding, we used a conventional Pavlovian conditioning procedure in which access to a restrained same-sex rat served as a reward. Three dependent variables in two experiments showed that the reward value of social exploration becomes conditioned to a transient cue, and it is also subject to extinction and spontaneous recovery. The results may help to elucidate the mixed results obtained with SCPP procedures.
Work-stress factors associated with truck crashes: An exploratory analysis:

Researchers have studied truck crashes extensively using methods appropriate for behavior, technology, and regulatory enforcement. Few safety studies associate crashes with economic pressure, a per...
Tingets: a system for young students to communicate and reflect

Engaging with emotional communication, especially for special needs students or anyone who might struggle with verbalizing certain mental states, is a crucial component to feeling safe and comfortable inclassroom and home environments. Our research shows that such a skill is important for all students and that utilizing physical objects can be just as meaningful as digital versions, but that digital technologies do have the power to enhance this process, especially during reflection process. We created a three leveled character, called a Tinget, for in time emotional communication, accompanied by a digital reflection journal. Express, Reflect, Repeat. That's our motto.
Cutaneous vesicostomy experience in infants and children.

AbstractCutaneous vesicostomy has proved to be a useful form of temporary diversion in children. We report our experience with 35 patients who underwent diversion for either lower tract dysfunction or obstruction. In only 1 child did vesicostomy appear to be of questionable value in adequately draining the upper urinary tracts. Renal functional improvement or stabilization was observed in the remaining 34 children. Complications occurred in 14 patients, with urinary tract infections of a clinically serious nature being observed in 6, Our experience tends to confirm vesicostomy to be an effective, simple and easily reversible means to treat selected conditions in infants and children. Complications are encountered but they have been managed effectively
The United States Market for Food

The markets for all goods and services are interrelated, some more closely than others. Directly or indirectly the changes in consumer preferences or in supplies for one food product affect many others. We therefore begin the study of fresh fruit and vegetable marketing in the United States by examining the total market for all foods and related services in this country.
HOXA9 Reprograms the Enhancer Landscape to Promote Leukemogenesis

Summary Aberrant expression of HOXA9 is a prominent feature of acute leukemia driven by diverse oncogenes. Here we show that HOXA9 overexpression in myeloid and B progenitor cells leads to significant enhancer reorganizations with prominent emergence of leukemia-specific de novo enhancers. Alterations in the enhancer landscape lead to activation of an ectopic embryonic gene program. We show that HOXA9 functions as a pioneer factor at de novo enhancers and recruits CEBPα and the MLL3/MLL4 complex. Genetic deletion of MLL3/MLL4 blocks histone H3K4 methylation at de novo enhancers and inhibits HOXA9/MEIS1-mediated leukemogenesis in vivo. These results suggest that therapeutic targeting of HOXA9-dependent enhancer reorganization can be an effective therapeutic strategy in acute leukemia with HOXA9 overexpression.
Ipa1 Is an RNA Polymerase II Elongation Factor that Facilitates Termination by Maintaining Levels of the Poly(A) Site Endonuclease Ysh1.

The yeast protein Ipa1 was recently discovered to interact with the Ysh1 endonuclease of the pre-mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation (C/P) machinery, and Ipa1 mutation impairs 3'end processing. We report that Ipa1 globally promotes proper transcription termination and poly(A) site selection, but with variable effects on genes depending upon the specific configurations of polyadenylation signals. Our findings suggest that the role of Ipa1 in termination is mediated through interaction with Ysh1, since Ipa1 mutation leads to decrease in Ysh1 and poor recruitment of the C/P complex to a transcribed gene. The Ipa1 association with transcriptionally active chromatin resembles that of elongation factors, and the mutant shows defective Pol II elongation kinetics in vivo. Ysh1 overexpression in the Ipa1 mutant rescues the termination defect, but not the mutant's sensitivity to 6-azauracil, an indicator of defective elongation. Our findings support a model in which an Ipa1/Ysh1 complex helps coordinate transcription elongation and 3' end processing.
Agents of Respectability

The preceding discussion has placed the onset of the transition of inorganic chemistry, from a secondary, underpopulated subfield to a fully coequal specialization, around the middle 1950s. We know “when” and can now turn to the equally interesting, and perhaps more challenging, questions of “why” and “who.” A number of authors of essays and textbooks have suggested explanations, but none of them, in my opinion, is entirely satisfying. In this chapter I will offer an alternative interpretation that seems to me much more consistent with both the lack of regard for the field before the transition, and the directions in which it rapidly evolved from that point forward.
A kinematic investigation of coarticulation resistance in Modern Greek

In order to examine the coarticulation resistance hypothesis (CRH) this study investigated patterns of CV and C1C2V overlap in consonant clusters and matching singletons in Greek, including five places of articulation in C2V position (bilabials, labiodentals, interdentals, alveolars, and velars). Stimuli were recorded from three talkers producing eight repetitions of each item, embedded in a carrier phrase. Kinematic and acoustic data were acquired with an electromagnetic articulography (EMA) system. Temporal measures were obtained by determining timing lags for both singletons and clusters, while spatial measures were found by calculating the Euclidean Distance (ED) of the tongue back sensor from the C2V velocity peak to that of the following vowel, for both singletons and clusters. Logarithmic ED ratios for each stimulus triplet (e.g., “ba”-“la”-“bla”) were then computed to test whether C2V allows C1V to exert coarticulatory influence on the vowel. Preliminary findings from both the temporal and spatial analyses suggest pronounced differences in complex versus simple syllable organization as a function of C2V place of articulation. The extent to which these results support the CRH will be further discussed. In order to examine the coarticulation resistance hypothesis (CRH) this study investigated patterns of CV and C1C2V overlap in consonant clusters and matching singletons in Greek, including five places of articulation in C2V position (bilabials, labiodentals, interdentals, alveolars, and velars). Stimuli were recorded from three talkers producing eight repetitions of each item, embedded in a carrier phrase. Kinematic and acoustic data were acquired with an electromagnetic articulography (EMA) system. Temporal measures were obtained by determining timing lags for both singletons and clusters, while spatial measures were found by calculating the Euclidean Distance (ED) of the tongue back sensor from the C2V velocity peak to that of the following vowel, for both singletons and clusters. Logarithmic ED ratios for each stimulus triplet (e.g., “ba”-“la”-“bla”) were then computed to test whether C2V allows C1V to exert coarticulatory influence on the vowel. Preliminary findings from both the temporal and spatial...
Nerve entrapments related to muscle herniation.

Background Muscle herniation is a muscle protrusion through a fascial defect. It is a rarely reported cause of nerve entrapment. Methods We present a case of superficial fibular (peroneal) neuropathy associated with a fibularis (peroneus) brevis muscle herniation and a review of the literature on nerve entrapments secondary to muscle herniation unrelated to compartment syndrome. Results Eleven cases of nerve entrapments secondary to muscle herniation were identified. The superficial fibular nerve (SFN) was the most commonly entrapped nerve by fibularis muscle herniation. Patients presented with pain, numbness, or paresthesias, and an often tender, small palpable mass with a Tinel sign. Muscle MRI or ultrasound identified the lesion, and patients responded well to fasciotomy. Conclusions The most commonly reported nerve entrapped by muscle herniation is the SFN secondary to fibularis muscle herniation. Characteristic clinical and imaging (MRI or ultrasound) features are diagnostic, and there is a salutary response to fasciotomy.
Impaired driving: A case report. Pickup truck centerline crossover collision with medium-size bus on U.S. Highway 83, Concan, Texas, United States.

Objective: The objective of this communication is to describe a crash involving an impaired pickup truck driver who crossed the centerline and struck a medium-size bus carrying senior adults restrained with lap-only belts that resulted in 13 fatalities.Methods: Document review of the National Transportation Safety Board investigation was performed. Documents are available at: https://dms.ntsb.gov/pubdms/search/hitlist.cfm?docketID=61581C standard installation by vehicle manufacturers of lap-shoulder belts on medium-size as well as larger buses (now required) could mitigate the risk of injury in the event of a crash.
Counting the number of rectangles in an M by N grid

This paper presents a mathematics problem that involves counting the rectangle total in an M by N grid, for which the correctness of the solution will also be proven mathematically. This paper presents two approaches, including one designed with a non-mathematical audience in mind. The results show that the non-mathematical approach has been received well by undergraduate computer science students. Algorithms for both approaches are presented and analyzed. Courses that could use this example are suggested as well.
Adolescent alcohol exposure increases orexin-A/hypocretin-1 in the anterior hypothalamus.

Abstract Adolescence is a time of marked changes in sleep, neuromaturation, and alcohol use. While there is substantial evidence that alcohol disrupts sleep and that disrupted sleep may play a role in the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD), there is very little known about the brain mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The orexin (also known as hypocretin) system is fundamental for a number of homeostatic mechanisms, including the initiation and maintenance of wakefulness that may be impacted by adolescent alcohol exposure. The current study investigated the impact of adolescent ethanol exposure on adult orexin-A/hypocretin-1 immunoreactive (orexin-A + IR) cells in hypothalamic nuclei in two models of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure. Both models assess adult hypothalamic orexin following either an AIE vapor exposure paradigm, or an AIE intragastric gavage paradigm during adolescence. Both AIE exposure models found that binge levels of ethanol intoxication during adolescence significantly increased adult orexin-A + IR expression in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus (AHN). Further, both AIE models found no change in orexin-A + IR in the posterior hypothalamic area (PH), perifornical nucleus (PeF), dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus dorsal part (DMD) or lateral hypothalamic area (LH). However, AIE vapor exposure reduced orexin-A + IR in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), but AIE gavage exposure did not. These findings suggest that the AHN orexinergic system is increased in adults following binge-like patterns of intoxication during adolescence. Altered adult AHN orexin could contribute to long-lasting changes in sleep.
Existence and Approximations of Moments for Polling Systems under the Binomial-Exhaustive Policy

We establish sufficient conditions for the existence of moments of the steady-state queue in polling systems operating under the binomial-exhaustive policy (BEP). We assume that the server switches between the different buffers according to a pre-specified table, and that switchover times are incurred whenever the server moves from one buffer to the next. We further assume that customers arrive according to independent Poisson processes, and that the service and switchover times are independent random variables with general distributions. We then propose a simple scheme to approximate the moments, which is shown to be asymptotically exact as the switchover times grow without bound, and whose computation complexity does not grow with the order of the moment. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed asymptotic approximation for the moments is related to the fluid limit under a large-switchover-time scaling; thus, similar approximations can be easily derived for other server-switching policies, by simply identifying the fluid limits under those controls. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our approximations for the moments under BEP and under other policies, and their increased accuracy as the switchover times increase.
Bag Relational Algebra with Grouping and Aggregation over C-Tables with Linear Conditions

We introduce bag relational algebra with grouping and aggregation over a particular representation of incomplete information called c-tables, which was first introduced by Grahne in 1984. In order for this algebra to be closed and "well- defined", we adopt the closed world assumption as described by Reiter in 1978 and extend the tuple and table conditions to linear ones. We explore the problem of rewriting and simplifying this novel type of c-tables, show how to perform equivalence test for c-tables, and argue why it is difficult to create a canonical form for c-tables. We present certain answer semantics for a full-blown relational algebra with grouping and aggregation and accordingly present algorithms for executing the different relational algebra operators over our representation of incomplete information. The algorithms run in polynomial time relative to the size of the precise information, which makes them a candidate for implementation as part of a DBMS engine that supports storage and retrieval of incomplete information. Keywords-incomplete information; c-tables; relational model; null values; bag semantics
Causal Inference in the Presence of Interference in Sponsored Search Advertising.

In classical causal inference, inferring cause-effect relations from data relies on the assumption that units are independent and identically distributed. This assumption is violated in settings where units are related through a network of dependencies. An example of such a setting is ad placement in sponsored search advertising, where the clickability of a particular ad is potentially influenced by where it is placed and where other ads are placed on the search result page. In such scenarios, confounding arises due to not only the individual ad-level covariates but also the placements and covariates of other ads in the system. In this paper, we leverage the language of causal inference in the presence of interference to model interactions among the ads. Quantification of such interactions allows us to better understand the click behavior of users, which in turn impacts the revenue of the host search engine and enhances user satisfaction. We illustrate the utility of our formalization through experiments carried out on the ad placement system of the Bing search engine.
Comparison of Selective Versus Empiric Pharmacologic Preventative Therapy With Kidney Stone Recurrence.

Abstract Objective To assess the effectiveness of an empiric approach to metabolic stone prevention. Methods Using medical claims from a cohort of working age adults with kidney stone diagnoses (2008-2017), we identified the subset who were prescribed thiazides, alkali therapy, or allopurinol—collectively known as preventive pharmacologic therapy (PPT). We distinguished between those who had 24-hour urine testing prior to initiating PPT (selective therapy) from those without it (empiric therapy). We conducted a survival analysis for time to first recurrence for stone-related events, including ED visits, hospitalizations, and surgery, up to 2 years after initiating PPT. Results Of 10,125 patients identified, 2744 (27%) and 7381 (73%) received selective and empiric therapy, respectively. The overall frequency of any stone-related event was 11%, and this did not differ between the 2 groups on bivariate analysis (P = .29). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, medication class, and adherence, there was no difference in the hazard of a stone-related event between the selective and empiric therapy groups (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-1.12). When considered individually, the frequency of ED visits, hospitalizations, and surgeries did not differ between groups. Greater adherence to PPT and older age were associated with a lower hazard of a stone-related event (both P Conclusion Compared to empiric therapy, PPT guided by 24-hour urine testing, on average, is not associated with a lower hazard of a stone-related event. These results suggest a need to identify kidney stone patients who benefit from 24-hour urine testing.
Urban Migrants in Rural Japan: Between Agency and Anomie in a Post-Growth Society: SUSANNE KLIEN Albany, State University of New York Press, 2020

Rural exodus, shrinking population and economic decline have become pressing issues in Japan. In order to counter the still dominant trend of rural to urban migration, the Japanese government has p...
Ode to Zig (and the Bard): In Support of an Incomplete Logical-Empirical Model of Direct Instruction.

In this article, I offer my perspective on several elements of Engelmann’s Direct Instruction. I hypothesize Engelmann’s thinking about the schooling environment that arguably provoked his theoretical, philosophical, and conceptual insights into the design of Direct Instruction. I also examine the research on Direct Instruction as a national educational model, but only as an extension of Engelmann’s commitment to falsifying his own thinking. In addition, I survey the research on the design of instruction to highlight how greatly different disciplines can find common ground around “faultless communications.” Along the way, I offer examples and descriptive analyses of selected design of instruction elements of Direct Instruction. Finally, I conclude with a brief ode to Engelmann.
What Not to Worry About in the Policy–Academy Gap Debate: A Contrarian Take:

This assessment of the “policy-academy” gap is part of a special forum stimulated by Michael Desch’s book, Cult of the Irrelevant. Those who write about the academy–policy gap worry that the gap is...
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition proceeds through directional destabilization of multidimensional attractor

ABSTRACT How a cell changes from one stable phenotype to another one is a fundamental problem in developmental and cell biology. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenotypic transition process extensively studied recently but mechanistic details remain elusive. Through time-lapse imaging we recorded single cell trajectories of human A549/Vim-RFP cells undergoing EMT induced by different concentrations of TGF-β in a multi-dimensional cell feature space. The trajectories cluster into two distinct groups, indicating that the transition dynamics proceeds through parallel paths. We then reconstructed the reaction coordinates and corresponding pseudo-potentials from the trajectories. The potentials reveal a plausible mechanism for the emergence of the two paths as the original stable epithelial attractor collides with two saddle points sequentially with increased TGF-β concentration, and relaxes to a new one. Functionally the directional saddle-node bifurcation ensures a CPT proceeds towards a specific cell type, as a mechanistic realization of the canalization idea proposed by Waddington.