cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genital examinations for alleged sexual abuse of prepubertal girls: findings by pediatric emergency medicine physicians compared with child abuse trained physicians.

Abstract Objective: This study compares abnormal genital examination findings made by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians to examinations by physicians with training in child sexual abuse in the evaluation of prepubertal girls for suspected sexual abuse. Method: A prospective study was performed following the genital examination by a PEM physician of prepubertal girls suspected of being sexually abused. A physician with training in child sexual abuse re-examined those girls whose examinations were interpreted as abnormal by the PEM physicians. The findings and interpretations of the PEM physician were then compared to those by the physicians with training in child abuse. Results: Between October 1994 and October 1998, 46 patients diagnosed by PEM physicians with nonacute genital findings indicative of sexual abuse were re-examined by a physician with training in child abuse. The follow-up examinations were done 2 days–16 weeks (mean 2.1 weeks) after the emergency department visit. The physicians with training in child abuse concluded that only eight of these children (17%) showed clear evidence of abuse. Normal findings were noted in 32 children (70%), nonspecific changes were noted in 4 children (9%), and 2 children (4%) had findings that are more commonly seen in abused children than nonabused children but are not diagnostic for abuse (concerning for abuse). Conclusions: There was poor agreement between the pediatric emergency medicine physicians and the physicians with training in child sexual abuse. This study suggests that emergency medicine physicians should consider additional training in this area. In addition, all children with abnormal ED examinations should have follow-up examinations by a child abuse trained physician.
Genetic polymorphism of the major parotid salivary glycoprotein (Gl) with linkage to the genes for Pr, Db, and Pa.

Genetic polymorphism of the major glycoprotein (Gl) found in parotid saliva is determined by autosomal inheritance of one unexpressed and four expressed alleles. This hypothesis is supported by studies in 41 white families including 146 children. For 143 randomly collected salivas from whites and 82 randomly collected salivas from blacks, maximum likelihood estimates of the gene frequencies are as follows: for whites, Gl 1=0.742, Gl 2=0.040, Gl 3=0.155, Gl 4=0.017, Gl 0=0.046; for blacks, Gl 1=0.459, Gl 2=0.050, Gl 3=0.337, Gl 4=0.044, Gl 0=0.110. There is strong evidence for linkage of Gl/Pr (seven families, lod score at θ=0 is 5.24) and Gl/Db (eight families, lod score at θ=0 is 4.45). The allelic products of Gl show evidence for linkage disequilibrium with the products of the Pr, Db, and Pa loci (P<0.0005). On the basis of varying degrees of linkage disequilibrium, Gl may be closer to Db than to Pr or Pa and on the “outside” of Db with respect to Pr or Pa. Amino acid analyses of Gl 1 and Gl 4 proteins show strong resemblances in composition to the major basic glycoprotein and the acidic proline-rich proteins of parotid saliva described by other workers. The polymorphic forms of the Gl proteins show microheterogeneity due to variability in charge and molecular weight. The electrophoretic polymorphism appears to be determined by apparent differences in molecular weights between the Gl proteins.
The Brauer monoid of a field

In this article we introduce an invariant of a field F, the Brauer monoid. The elements of this monoid are based on certain F-central finite dimensional algebras, the “strongly primary” algebras over F, which are more general than central simple F-algebras. Under a suitable equivalence relation and product the classes of these algebras form a monoid, denoted M(F). The group of invertible elements of this monoid is the Brauer group of F. This article is based on ideas first introduced by Sweedler in [6] and later developed and extended by Sweedler, Larsen and the present author in [ 2. 3 1. In these articles a cohomology theory was introduced which generalizes the usual Galois and Amitsur cohomology theories. In Section 2 of this article it is shown that these new cohomology monoids play the same role for the Brauer monoid as the usual cohomology groups play for the Brauer group; that is, a given cohomology monoid M’(Gal(K/F), K). for K a finite Galois extension of F, is isomorphic to the submonoid of elements of M(F) that are split by K in a suitable sense. In the first section we define strongly primary algebras, examine their properties, and construct the monoid. In the second section we show the connection with cohomology. In the third section we begin a dissection of the Brauer monoid of F and show in particular that it is the union of the groups M,(F), where for each idempotent E in M(F) we let M,(F)= (XEM(F)IXE=E and XY=E for some YEA-f(F)}. As in [2] we classify the possible idempotents and show that associated to each one is a finite graph. Moreover we state a result (proved in Section 4) that determines M,(F) in the case where the associated graph is a tree. At the end of Section 3 we present some examples. We work throughout over a fixed base field F. Unlabelled tensors are over
Determination of the Directional Dependent In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of K63B12 Pitch-Fiber/Epoxy Composite

Measurements of the in-plane thermal conductivity and the directional dependence of Mitsubishi K63B12 pitch-fiber/Epoxy composite from Newport Composites are reported. This composite is being explored for use in the Avanced Seal Delivery System for effective thermal management. The thermal conductivity was measured using a steady state technique. The experimental results were then compared to a model of the thermal conductivity based on the direction of the fibers. These estimates are based on the properties of the constituent materials and volume of fibers in the sample. Therefore the density and the fiber volume fraction were experimentally measured. The thermal conductivity is clearly greatest in the direction of the fibers and decreases as the fibers are rotated off axis. In the case of pitch fiber composite materials, the contribution of the fibers to the thermal conductivity dominates. The experimental data clearly followed the correct trends; however, the measured values were 25% to 35% lower than predicted.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Complexes of tricoordinate hypervalent pnictogens with pentamethylcyclopentadienylruthenium

The complexes of a pentamethylcyclopentadienylruthenium moiety with hypervalent tricoordinate pnictogens are reported. A unique mode of complexation is observed for each of the different pnictogens (P, As, Sb). The phosphorus derived complex exhibits an 8-electron tetrahedral bonding environment at phosphorus. The antimony derived complex maintains a 10-electron bonding system at antimony with a pseudo-trigonalbipyramidal geometry at antimony. The arsenic-containing complex is formed with destruction of the original arsenic heterocycle and formation of a trinuclear Ru–Ru–As ring. Remarkably, the formation of the arsenic ruthenium complex can be reversed to reconstruct the original arsenic heterocycle.
Design, realization, and evaluation of DozyAP for power-efficient Wi-Fi tethering

Wi-Fi tethering (i.e., sharing the Internet connection of a mobile phone via its Wi-Fi interface) is a useful functionality and is widely supported on commercial smartphones. Yet, existing Wi-Fi tethering schemes consume excessive power: They keep the Wi-Fi interface in a high power state regardless if there is ongoing traffic or not. In this paper, we propose DozyAP to improve the power efficiency of Wi-Fi tethering. Based on measurements in typical applications, we identify many opportunities that a tethering phone could sleep to save power. We design a simple yet reliable sleep protocol to coordinate the sleep schedule of the tethering phone with its clients without requiring tight time synchronization. Furthermore, we develop a two-stage, sleep interval adaptation algorithm to automatically adapt the sleep intervals to ongoing traffic patterns of various applications. DozyAP does not require any changes to the 802.11 protocol and is incrementally deployable through software updates. We have implemented DozyAP on commercial smartphones. Experimental results show that, while retaining comparable user experiences, our implementation can allow the Wi-Fi interface to sleep for up to 88% of the total time in several different applications and reduce the system power consumption by up to 33% under the restricted programmability of current Wi-Fi hardware.
Marxism and Phenomenology

(1975). Marxism and Phenomenology. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 13-22.
Modeling intercalation through the sandwich‐type interactions between benzene and 14 polyaromatic molecules: DFT and ab initio results

We use second order Moller Plesset perturbation theory and several density functional theory methods to calculate the counterpoise corrected electronic interaction energies between benzene and a series of polyaromatic molecules. These systems serve as a simple model for DNA intercalation. We show that addition of nitrogen atoms to the polyaromatic molecules always increases sandwich-type interactions, and that, of the density functional theory methods studied, only SVWN can mimic the interaction energies and optimal separations obtained with perturbation theory. SVWN reproduces the optimal molecular distances obtained with perturbation theory very well, and often comes within less than 10% of the interaction energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated modulation of the GABAergic inhibition of substantia nigra pars reticulata neurons

Neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata can be readily and fully inhibited by endogenously released or iontophoretically applied GABA. We have previously shown that co-application of dopamine or the D2-like agonist quinpirole causes a current-dependent attenuation of the inhibitory response of these neurons to GABA. To determine if the modulation of GABA responsiveness was mediated by activation of D2 receptors, effects of iontophoretic quinpirole were examined after various treatments which block or inactivate D2 receptors, or uncouple D2 receptors from their G-proteins. Results showed that the GABA-attenuating effect of quinpirole could be attributed to stimulation of D2 receptors, and not a non-specific effect of the drug, since (1) co-iontophoresis of the D2 antagonist YM 09151-2 antagonized the GABA-modulatory effect of quinpirole, (2) prior intranigral injection of the receptor inactivator N-ethoxy-carbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ; 50 nmol/0.5 ml one day before recording) prevented the response to quinpirole, and (3) prior intranigral injection of the Gi-Go-protein inactivator pertussis toxin (1 mg/ml 0.9% NaCl 24 h before recording) completely abolished the ability of quinpirole to lessen the inhibitory response to GABA. The location of the involved D2 receptors was examined using selective lesioning approaches. Kainic acid lesions of the striatonigral pathway did not prevent the ability of quinpirole to attenuate responses of pars reticulata neurons to GABA. Similarly, in previous studies [59], 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the adjacent pars compacta dopamine neurons were found not to abolish the GABA-attenuating effect of dopamine. Thus, it appears that the receptors mediating the response are not localized to either striatonigral terminals nor to the adjacent dopamine neurons, leaving open the possibility that the response is mediated by D2 receptors located on pars reticulata neurons. Collectively these results suggest that dendritically released dopamine may act via nigral D2 receptors, perhaps located on pars reticulata neurons themselves, to regulate basal ganglia output from the substantia nigra.
Organization of mitochondrial structure as revealed by freeze-etching.

Abstract 1. 1. A freeze-etch study of rat-liver and rabbit-heart mitochondria reveals detailed structure not recognized by the usual procedures of electron microscopy. 2. 2. These include a fibrous network in the matrix of contracted mitochondria, particulate components associated with the inner membrane, and smooth patches covering the particles of the inner membrane. 3. 3. Chemical fixation is found to prevent maximum resolution of fine detail but glutaraldehyde-fixed mitochondria still maintain the general morphological features observed by other techniques.
Scanning electron microscopy of the electric tissue ofNarcine brasiliensis

Abstract The anatomy of electroplaques ofNarcine brasiliensis has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The ventral faces of the plaques are innervated with an abundance of branching nerves in close contact with the underlying (postsynaptic) membrane. Large numbers of troughs and evaginations of the postsynaptic membrane serve to increase its surface area. Fibroblasts are closely associated with the dorsal faces which appear covered with a matrix of fibrous material. Well-washed dorsal surfaces of single electroplaques are free of this matrix. The dorsal surface area is considerably increased by tubules extending into, and projections out of, the surface.
An analysis of occupational burn injuries in Rhode Island: workers' compensation claims, 1998 to 2002.

Occupational burns have been determined to be a serious public health concern. The analysis of workplace risks and risk factors associated with burns are critical to developing effective interventions in the future. In this study, we examined accepted Rhode Island workers' compensation claims (n = 5619) from 1998 to 2002 to assess the rates and risks of occupational burns. We used employment data from the Department of Labor's Current Population Survey (CPS) to estimate claim rates and shift analyses. The overall burn rate was estimated to be 24.3 per 10,000 workers. The claim rate for workers younger than 25 years of age was almost double that for all other age groups. The average per-claim disability duration for claims requiring indemnity was 167.9 days, and average annual total cost of claims was $1,010,166. The highest claim rate identified was for workers in food service occupations and an increased risk was found for chemical burns among evening and nightshift workers. Increased interventions are needed to reduce occupational burns in work settings. Particular diligence should beA?Â to address occupational burn hazards in restaurant establishments, and preventative should be measures aimed at young employees and late-shift workers.
Diffusion barriers in thin films

Abstract Some of the conditions which thin film diffusion barriers should satisfy are enumerated. Various ways to try to meet these conditions are illustrated by means of examples. It is shown that metal films chosen for their mutual immiscibility with the adjoining metals (passive barriers) usually fail as barriers (i.e. are non-barriers) because extended structural defects in the metal film constitute fast diffusion paths. Single-crystal barriers of such metals are effective but not practical. Barriers which are thermodynamically partially stable (partially stable barriers) and those which are fully stable (stable barriers) are discussed. Metal compounds of particular interest for such barriers are suggested. The concept of the sacrificial barrier, which is based on an irreversible loss of barrier material by interfacial reactions with the adjoining metals, is introduced and successful applications are presented. The stabilizing effect of impurities on an otherwise unstable barrier (stuffed barriers), the importance of mechanical stress and the critical influence of the fabrication process of a thin film barrier on its actual performance are described by practical examples. Values of the electrical resistivity for borides, carbides, nitrides and silicides of the early transition metals and values of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of silicides are compiled for reference purposes.
Stress management training for the elderly: a psychoeducational approach.

ABSTRACT: A procedure is described for teaching elderly persons the use of relaxation as a coping skill. The procedure, called Stress Management Training, seeks to provide the client with: 1) a cognitive understanding of stress and relaxation, 2) the ability to relax by controlling muscle tension and sympathetic-nervous-system activity, and 3) the ability to extend the relaxation skill to real-life stress situations. A case report demonstrates the process, which is an educational model rather than a medical model. The role of the psychotherapist as an educator and the potential usefulness of the social learning theory as a basis for conceptualizing mental health problems are discussed.
THE DISTRIBUTIVE EFFECTS OF PUBLIC JUNIOR COLLEGE AVAILABILITY

This paper presents the results of a study to determine the effect of the presence of a public junior college in a community upon the types of colleges attended by high school graduates of that community. Results of multivariate cross-tabular analysis of the college destinations of over 8,000 1966 Illinois high school seniors of different sex, ability, and social-status backgrounds living in 25 different communities, suggest that the local availability of a public junior college serves largely to alter patterns of college-going by substituting attendance locally for attendance elsewhere in a manner inversely related to social status. More importantly, results also suggest that among lower- and middle-status persons the substitution is such as to replace attendance at nonlocal four-year colleges with attendance locally at the public junior college.
Selective chemiluminescence detection of sulfur-containing compounds coupled with nitrogen—phosphorus detection for gas chromatography

Abstract A new sulfur and nitrogen—phosphorus detector for gas chromatography is described. The detector is an integrated thermionic ionization— chemiluminescence device permitting simultaneous detection of sulfur-containing and nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing compounds. This new flameless detector utilizes a heated rubidium-doped ceramic bead in a thermionic ionization chamber to produce sulfur monoxide from sulfur compounds. The SO is mixed with O 3 and the resulting chemiluminescence is monitored with a photomultiplier tube, providing sulfur-selective detection. The thermionic ionization detector signal serves as an independent second response channel, affording simultaneous selective and sensitive nitrogen—phosphorus detection. Two chromatograms are obtained, one in which selectivity is exhibited for nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, and the other for sulfur compounds present in the sample.
Oxygen Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Impact Glasses from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary

Laser-extraction oxygen isotope and major element analyses of individual glass spherules from Haitian Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sediments demonstrate that the glasses fall on a mixing line between an isotopically heavy (δ18O = 14 per mil) high-calcium composition and an isotopically light (δ18O = 6 per mil) high-silicon composition. This trend can be explained by melting of heterogeneous source rocks during the impact of an asteroid (or comet) ∼65 million years ago. The data indicate that the glasses are a mixture of carbonate and silicate rocks and exclude derivation of the glasses either by volcanic processes or as mixtures of sulfate-rich evaporate and silicate rocks.
H-1 NMR and Conformations of Halogenated 1,4-Dioxanes and 2,3-Dihydro-1,4-Dioxins

Abstract The conformations of halogenated 1,4-dioxanes have generally been studied by X-ray diffraction1,2 in order to obtain values for the ring dihedral angles. The simple and widely used R value technique3,4 requires two vicinal coupling constants, J-trans and J-cis, and is not useable when only one vicinal J value results, as in the halogenated dioxanes 1–5 and dihydrodioxins 7–9 listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Proton transfer dynamics of benzo[c] cinnoline embedded in porous Vycor glass☆

Benzo[c] cinnoline (9,10-diazaphenanthrene, referred to as 9,10-dp), embedded in a Vycor glass, transforms to hydrogen-bonded 9,10-dp, protonated 9,10-dp, protonated diheydro-9,10-dp and protonated carbazole, when calcinated at 25–300, 400, 600 and 900°C, respectively. The source of H+ is deduced to result from an increase in the surface Br∅nsted acidity of Vycor supports upon sintering. The observed transformation is shown to be catalytic in nature and occurs readily inside the pores of Vycor glass.
Review of top quark physics: Present and future

In this paper, we present the results on top quark physics from the Tevatron and future prospects for studying the top quark properties during Run II of the Tevatron and at LHC. We discuss sensitivities of several measurements for the two machines. The enhanced capabilities of the CDF and DO detectors, together with an integrated luminosity of at least 2 fb−1, will provide a measurement of the top quark mass of 2–3 GeV, and a W boson mass measurement of 40 MeV. These precision measurements will help constrain indirectly the mass of the elusive Higgs Boson.
Autoradiography of metal surfaces using a radiochemical method.

A NUMBER of methods have been suggested for the autoradiographic study of metal surfaces. Variations of surface composition have been detected using differences in nuclear reactions occurring during irradiation1, differences in radioactivity produced as a result of irradiation2,3, and differences in contact potential leading to differences in adsorption of charged radioactive material4. The method described in this communication uses the different chemical reactivities of the various metal components towards some radioactive substance that forms a localized radioactive reaction product on the metal surface.
SCT-MAC: A scheduling duty cycle MAC protocol for cooperative wireless sensor network

Effective techniques for extending lifetime in multihop wireless sensor networks (WSNs) include duty cycling and more recently introduced cooperative transmission range extension. However a scalable MAC protocol has not been presented that combines both. In this study, we present a new scheduling cooperative MAC protocol (SCT-MAC) for the multi-hop wireless sensor network, which introduces distributed duty-cycle scheduling and enables nodes to wake up on demand in the data period. The protocol provides a wake-up rendezvous for cooperators to reach a CT agreement and reduces contention over adjacent flows, and the on-demand wake-up further reduces idle listening in the data period. We compare SCT-MAC with DW-MAC using NS-2 simulation, and show that SCT-MAC improves the network lifetime by approximately 100%.
On strain and scattering in deeply-scaled n-channel MOSFETs: A quantum-corrected semiclassical Monte Carlo analysis

A model of valley-dependent quantum-confinement-enhanced scattering for electrons has added to the existing quantum corrections in our full band Monte Carlo simulator, Monte Carlo of the University of Texas (MCUT). The simulator was then calibrated to fit channel mobility curves, both strained and unstrained, by adjusting surface roughness parameters. After testing different strain & surface orientation combinations, we find that, in order, uniaxial tensile [110] and biaxial tensile (001) strain with [110] channel orientations in each case represent the optimal scenarios for electron transport. A decreasing advantage of strain with down-scaling is exhibited. Significantly, we find unexpected benefits and limitations of strain, as well as limitations on the use of mobility or even thermal velocity for predicting these effects.
Crystal structure of a group II intron in the pre-catalytic state.

Group II introns are self-splicing catalytic RNAs that are thought to be ancestral to the spliceosome. Here we report the 3.65-A crystal structure of the group II intron from Oceanobacillus iheyensis in the pre-catalytic state. The structure reveals the conformation of the 5' splice site in the catalytic core and represents the first structure of an intron prior to the first step of splicing.
The ITRS design technology and system drivers roadmap: process and status

The Design technology working group (TWG) is one of 16 working groups in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) effort. It is responsible for the ITRS' Design Chapter, which roadmaps design technology requirements and potential solutions for elements of the semiconductor supply chain that are produced by the electronic design automation (EDA) industry. The Design TWG is also responsible for the ITRS' System Drivers Chapter, which roadmaps the key product classes that drive the leading-edge requirements for process and design technologies. Through these activities, the Design TWG sets a number of fundamental parameters in the overall ITRS: layout density, die size, maximum on-chip clock frequency, total chip power, SOC and MPU architecture models, etc. This paper reviews the process by which the Design TWG evolves its roadmap content, and some of the key modeling and roadmapping questions that the semiconductor and EDA industries will face in the near term.
Oncologic outcomes after completion thyroidectomy for patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

At our institution, thyroid lobectomy is employed as a definitive operation for unifocal intrathyroidal low risk cancers and thus completion thyroidectomy is rarely performed. The purpose of this study was to identify the indications for selective completion thyroidectomy and to report oncologic outcomes. A retrospective review was performed to identify patients who underwent planned completion thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) from 2001 to 2010 based on initial lobectomy pathology. Assessment for risk of recurrence was based on the American Thyroid Association Initial Risk Stratification. During the 10-year study period, 79 patients underwent completion thyroidectomy for WDTC. Forty-four (56 %) patients were low risk and 35 (44 %) were intermediate risk. Completion thyroidectomy was recommended for 64 patients, whereas 15 patients were given an option of surveillance but ultimately decided to have surgery. Patients in the “recommended group” had more T3 tumors and fewer T1a tumors (p = 0.005 and 0.006, respectively). These patients also were more likely to be intermediate risk (p = 0.008) and to present with aggressive histology (p = 0.002). The rate of contralateral tumors (n = 27) was similar between both groups (35 and 33 %, respectively). Contralateral cancers were micropapillary in 24 of 27 (89 %) patients, 10 (40 %) of whom had multifocal disease. There were two pulmonary recurrences and no local-regional recurrences (median follow-up of 42.3 months). Completion thyroidectomy is infrequent and performed for a select group of intermediate and low risk WDTCs at our institution with low recurrence rates. Incidental multifocal and unifocal contralateral cancers are common after completion thyroidectomy.
Infant Temperament and Maternal Parenting Self-efficacy Predict Child Weight Outcomes

Relationships between infant negative reactivity and self-regulation, parenting self-efficacy, and child weight outcomes were examined. Greater observed negative reactivity predicted more child weight gain when mothers had lower parenting self-efficacy. Lower mother-reported self-regulation predicted a greater child weight status. Results highlight potential early risk/protective factors.
Metamorphic Conditions at the Northern end of the Northwest Adirondack Lowlands

INTRODUCTION Since the now-classic studies of the Engels in the late 1950s and early 1960s (Engel and Engel, 1958, 1960, 1962a, 1962b, Engel and others, 1964), the northwest Adirondack Grenville Lowlands has been cited as an example of progressive meta-morphism from the amphibolite facies in the west and southwest to granulite in the east and northeast. The Engels documented mineralogical changes along a traverse within the lowlands from Emeryville to Colton, New York: muscovite gives way to K-feldspar in pelites, and hornblende and sphene progressively are replaced by pyroxene and oxides in amphibolites. The Engels inferred temperatures of about 500 to 525 °C at Emeryville and a steady increase to about 600 to 625 °C at Colton. Although today we may not agree with the exact temperatures estimated by the Engels, the trends they pointed out are well documented and have established a firm basis for newer, more detailed studies on a local scale, which have the advantage of the results of twenty years9 work in experimental petrology. In this paper I discuss some aspects of the metamorphic phase relations and the implied metamorphic conditions of rocks from a small area at the high-grade end of the Engels9 traverse.
Outcome of patients with a history of bilateral retinoblastoma treated for a second malignancy: The Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Experience

Background. Patients with bilateral retinoblastoma are well recognized to have high risk of developing a second malignancy, but there are little published data regarding the outcome of these patients following treatment. Patients and Methods. We identified 15 patients with a history of bilateral retinoblastoma who received treatment at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for a newly diagnosed second malignancy. The median age of second tumor occurrence was 18 years (range 10-32 years). Three patients later had a third tumor (18 tumors total). Tumor sites included facial structures in 14 cases and extremities in 4. Histologies included osteosarcoma (5), leiomyosarcoma (5), high-grade spindle cell sarcoma (3), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (3), malignant mesenchymoma (1), and angiosarcoma (1). Results. Nine patients are alive: 7 disease free at a median of 29 months (range 6-214 months) and 2 with residual disease 59 and 148 months post-diagnosis of the second malignancy. Six patients have died at a median of 31 months (range 16-98 months) after diagnosis of the second malignancy. Conclusions. Patients with a history of bilateral retinoblastoma who develop a second malignancy may enjoy extended periods of survival. Aggressive therapy appropriate to the tumor histology and site is indicated.
Risk factor analysis of postoperative complications after robotic rectal cancer surgery.

Background The robotic system has been adopted as the new modality for minimally invasive surgery for rectal cancer. However, analysis of risk factors for complications after robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRS) has been limited. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for complications after RRS.
Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase activity in malignant and cyclic AMP-induced "differentiated" neuroblastoma cells in culture.

Abstract The activity of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase was demonstrated in the supernatant (S) fraction (100,000 × g) of mouse and human neuroblastoma (NB) cells. In cAMP-induced “differentiated” mouse NB cells, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) activity did not significantly change. Cyclic GMP did not stimulate the PK activity in S-fraction. The cAMP-PK or cGMP-PK activity was not detected in the membrane (M) fraction. The present results in combination with previous data support the concept that the major portion of binding proteins is distinct from the regulatory subunits of cAMP-PK. For example, the level of binding proteins markedly increases in S-fraction of “differentiated” NB cell, but cAMP-PK activity does not change. cAMP binding proteins are present in the M-fraction, but cAMP-PK activity is not demonstrable. Cyclic GMP binds with the soluble proteins with about 10-fold less binding affinity than cAMP; however, cGMP does not stimulate PK activity.
Incremental Use of Multiple Transmitters for Low-Complexity Diversity Transmission in Wireless Systems

In this paper we develop and analyze low-complexity approaches called incremental multiple-input multiple-output (IMIMO) for exploiting multiple antennas for reliable wireless communications. The proposed schemes leverage consecutive uses of a single transmit antenna combined with automatic repeat request (ARQ) feedback. Unlike multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications without feedback, the schemes we propose do not require a space-time encoder or decoder because they only use one transmit antenna at a time. We compare the performance of IMIMO schemes with the corresponding MIMO system without feedback using outage probability and average long-term throughput as metrics for comparison. These comparisons show that for relatively low rates IMIMO schemes have better performance than the corresponding MIMO system without feedback. For higher rates, MIMO with higher complexity performs better up to a certain signal-to-noise ratio, but beyond this threshold IMIMO schemes again have better performance.
Dependence of mechanical properties on crystal orientation of semi-crystalline polyethylene structures

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations based on a united atom method are employed to study the molecular response of semi-crystalline polyethylene structures with unidirectional and bidirectional molecular orientation. The initial structures are generated from isothermal crystallization at 375 K of pre-oriented melts. Deformation simulations are conducted at a constant strain rate of 1.24 nm/ns at both constant volume (NVT) and constant lateral stress (NLzσxσyT) conditions. In order to connect characterization results at various length scales two-point statistics are introduced to capture the morphological changes in semi-crystalline structures during the deformation, based on the density and orientational differences of the amorphous and crystalline regions. In this new approach, molecular conformational changes are well captured in the two-point auto- and cross-correlation spectra, to understand the morphological evolution of different domains consisting of macromolecular chains on a statistical level. The pseudo-laminar semi-crystalline structures are preserved for both structures up to a strain level of 0.5, with the rotation and orientation of chains in the crystalline region facing towards the uniaxial deformation direction. A laminar to fibrillar transition is observed for the bidirectional oriented semi-crystalline structure at higher strain levels. Recovery tests confirm the stability of the laminar and fibrillar structures at certain stages of the deformation.
Control of a chaotic polymerization reaction using linear and nonlinear controllers.

Abstract Chaos has been found in a number of nonlinear chemical processes including electrochemical reactions, fluidized beds, pulsed combustors, and polymerization reactions. While the control of chaos has recently a received a great deal of attention, the performance of traditional control schemes is poorly understood. Rather than implement a specific chaos control scheme, such as the well-known OGY method, we examine the feedback control of a chaotic polymerization reaction to a steady state using conventional linear and nonlinear control techniques. We show that it is possible to control a chaotic reaction system using a simple proportional controller, a discrete controller, a nonlinear model predictive controller which includes process-model mismatch. The performance of each control scheme is evaluated from the basin of successful control. While model predictive control yields a the most extensive basin and thus the best performance, in all cases the basin has a fractal structure for some values of the control parameter. The implications of a fractal basin to the robustness of the controller and the likelihood of successful control are discussed.
Visualization schemas and a web-based architecture for custom multiple-view visualization of multiple-table databases

Relational databases provide significant flexibility to organize, store, and manipulate an infinite variety of complex data collections. This flexibility is enabled by the concept of relational data schemas, which allow data owners to easily design custom databases according to their unique needs. However, user interfaces and information visualizations for accessing and utilizing databases have not kept pace with this level of flexibility. Visualizations need to integrate multiple tables and diverse visualization tools into custom solutions. This paper describes advances to Snap-Together Visualization, introduces Visualization Schemas, and presents an extensible system architecture. The Snap model for custom multiple-view visualization establishes an analogy to the relational data model, enabling coordinated data design and visualization design. Visualization Schemas are a natural extension to data schemas, and provide a user interface that enables data owners to rapidly construct and disseminate custom visualizations without programming. The web-based software architecture supports run-time extensibility, enabling end-user integration and dissemination of diverse data and visualization tools from the field.
A program of self‐administered fluorides in a rural school system

In 1972, a self-administered fluoride program was initiated in Nelson County, VA, a fluoride-deficient area. Children in elementary school (grades K-6) ingest daily a 1-mg fluoride tablet, rinse weekly with 0.2% NaF solution and receive fluoride dentifrice for home use. In 1978, dental examinations of elementary schoolchildren (ages 6-12) who had continuously participated in the program for 1 to 6 years showed a prevalence of 2.70 DMFS, 45% lower than the score of 4.89 DMFS for their cohorts at the baseline. The preventive program inhibited dental caries effectively in all types of surfaces, but the reduction in proximal surfaces of 85% is particularly striking. Findings of high school children (ages 13-17) in 1978, who had not participated in the elementary school program for 1-5 years, showed evidence of strong post-treatment effects. At each succeeding follow-up survey, benefits have continued to improve. For elementary school participants, benefits were 17.7% after 2 years, 35.3% after 4 years and 44.8% after 6 years. Weekly fluoride mouthrinsing and daily ingestion of a fluoride tablet are feasible school-based procedures for the prevention of dental caries. Combined with the use of a fluoride dentifrice at home, these procedures have a pronounced cariostatic effect.
Impacts of freeway high-occupancy vehicle lane configuration on vehicle emissions

In California, high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on freeways have been implemented with two different configurations - continuous access HOV lanes, primarily used in Northern California, and limited access HOV lanes, primarily used in Southern California. Using a new emissions modeling methodology that integrates a microscopic traffic simulation model (PARAMICS) with a modal emissions model (CMEM), this study estimates and compares vehicle emissions contributed from these two types of HOV lane configurations. Under various scenarios with different levels of vehicle demand and percentage of HOVs in the traffic mix, it is found that the freeway with continuous access HOV lane consistently produce lower levels of pollutant emissions compared to the freeway with limited access HOV lane. This is primarily due to the highly concentrated weaving maneuvers that take place on the dedicated ingress/egress sections on the freeway with limited access HOV lane, which cause relatively higher frequency and magnitude of acceleration/deceleration events, resulting in higher emissions on these sections of the freeway.
Feasibility of using low density polyethylene sheets to detect atmospheric organochlorine pesticides in Alexandria, Egypt.

Egypt is a major agricultural country in Africa with a known past of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) application, yet data on atmospheric levels of OCPs in Egypt is sparse. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers were therefore deployed for 3 weeks each at 11 locations in July, 2010 and January, 2011 in Alexandria to screen for gas-phase OCPs. Performance reference compounds were used to investigate the uptake kinetics. Field-derived sampler-air partitioning coefficients (KPE-As) for OCPs were significantly correlated against the compounds' subcooled liquid vapor pressure (log PL): (log KPE-A ¼� 0.77 � 0.07*log PL þ 6.35 � 0.13 (R 2 ¼ 0.90; n ¼ 17; SE ¼ 0.19; p < 0.001)). Estimated and measured OCP concentrations in Alexandria agreed well (factor difference � 2) indicating the feasibility of monitoring OCPs using LDPEs. OCP concentrations ranged from <LOD to 168 pg/m 3 .
Teachers’ perceptions of professional standards: Their importance and ease of implementation

Accreditation of teacher education programs by professional organizations, such as National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE)/Council for Exceptional Children (CEC), was developed to meet two key goals: (a) to monitor teacher accountability for student learning, and (b) to monitor the quality of teacher preparation among institutions of higher education. Accreditation has been controversial from its inception through to present day. Among the consistent criticisms of education accreditation systems is the fact that there is limited empirical evidence to support the stated professional standards, such as those required by NCATE/CEC. It is surprising that there is little empirical evidence documenting the validation of professional standards, even by professional classroom educators. In the present study the authors explored a pilot study of the perspectives of special educators regarding both the importance and ease of implementation of the CEC/NCATE Professional Standards. The aut...
Temporal bone carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the external auditory canal, middle ear, and mastoid. Surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment, with T1 lesions of the external auditory canal treated by lateral temporal bone resection and more advanced lesions treated by subtotal or total temporal bone resection. This article summarizes clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, management, and differences in treatment philosophy.
Dual arm coordination and control

A generalized master/slave technique and experimental results for coordinated control of two arms rigidly grasping an object is described. An interactive program has been developed to allow a user the flexibility to select appropriate control modes for a given experiment. This interface allows for control gain adjustments. The results of several experiments performed on this system to demonstrate its capabilities such as transporting an object with or without induced internal forces and movement of a constrained object are offered. The system is further developed to achieve a so-called shared control mode in which an operator specifies the free motion trajectory for a point on the object of manipulation via a joystick while the autonomous control system is used for coordination and control of the arms.
Mannose binding protein (MBP) enhances mononuclear phagocyte function via a receptor that contains the 126,000 Mr component of the Clq receptor

Abstract Mannose-binding protein (MBP), C1q, the recognition component of the classical complement pathway, and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) are members of a family of molecules containing a collagen-like sequence contiguous with a noncollagen-like sequence, and usually having the properties of a lectin. C1q and SP-A have been shown to enhance monocyte FcR- and CR1-mediated phagocytosis, suggesting that the common structural features of the collagen-like domains may provide a basis forthis immunologically important function. Results presented here demonstrate that MBP also enhanced FcR-mediated phagocytosis by both monocytes and macrophages, and stimulated CR1-mediated phagocytosis in human culture-derived macrophages and in phorbol ester-activated monocytes. Furthermore, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a 126,000 M r cell surface protein and inhibits C1q-enhanced phagocytosis, inhibited the MBP-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis. Thus, the receptors that mediate the enhancement of phagocytosis by MBP and C1q share at least one critical functional component, the 126,000 M r C1qR p .
Hydrogen from the Solar Photolysis of Water

Developments related to the study of photosynthesis are examined and aspects of photosensitization by solids are considered. It is pointed out that solids photosensitization for solar photochemical fuel formation is now an extremely active research area as a consequence of the promising results obtained with semiconductor photoelectrodes. The investigation of water decomposition schemes involving heterogeneous reactions is likely to be a productive area. As is the case for photosynthesis, the known examples of water decomposition by solids photosensitization involve charge separation processes immediately following light absorption. Homogeneous photoredox reactions are also discussed, taking into account thermochemical and photochemical cycles leading to the formation of a photooxidized ion, hydrogen quantum yields in the photo-oxidation aqueous ions, and thermochemical and photochemical cycles leading to the formation of a photoreduced ion.
Retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach: Advantages and disadvantages from an anatomical perspective

Objective To assess the advantages and disadvantages of the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach by studying the microsurgical anatomy. This study was performed primarily to assess the advantages of the retrosigmoid intradural suprameatal approach by measuring the amount of increased exposure it provides for lesions of the cerebellopontine and petroclival region as well as to identify the disadvantages of the approach. Methods Twenty sides of 10 cadaver heads (embalmed and injected) were dissected under x3 to x40 magnification. A standard retrosigmoid craniotomy was made. The cerebellopontine cistern was entered to expose the neurovascular structures, and the internal auditory canal was opened by drilling the margin of the internal auditory meatus. After this, the suprameatal tubercle was drilled, followed by additional drilling to resect the petrous apex. The trigeminal root was mobilized completely after opening Meckel's cave. During drilling, care was taken to preserve the posterior and superior semicircular canals, petrosal sinus, and the internal carotid artery. Results The approach enhanced the exposure of the cerebellopontine cistern and Meckel's cave. There was an additional exposure of 10.7 +/- 1.16 mm length of trigeminal nerve on the right side and an additional 10.7 +/- 1.25 mm on the left. This helped to mobilize and further retract the trigeminal root. Although it facilitated the view of the neurovascular structures medial to the internal acoustic meatus, the depth of exposure did not vary much from a traditional retrosigmoid approach nor did it increase the angle of exposure or the visualization of the clivus and more medially located structures. Conclusion This approach is suitable for lesions mainly in the posterior fossa with some extension into the middle fossa in the anterolateral direction. The key benefits of this approach are the length of trigeminal nerve exposure and the subsequent mobilization that improves visualization of the structures medial to the internal auditory canal, to the petrous apex, Meckel's cave, and the posterior end of the cavernous sinus.