cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review: The Urban Spectator: American Concept-Cities from Kodak to Google by Eric Gordon

Eric Gordon The Urban Spectator: American Concept-Cities from Kodak to Google . Hanover, N.H.: Dartmouth College Press, 2010, 240 pp., 40 b/w illus. $35, ISBN 9781584658030 Language, as Ludwig Wittgenstein famously wrote in 1953, “can be seen as an ancient city: a maze of little streets and squares, of old and new houses, and of houses with additions from various periods; and this surrounded by a multitude of new boroughs with straight regular streets and uniform houses.”1 Over the past couple of decades, historians of architecture and urbanism have linked language and city in order to show that not only are both terms, as the philosopher commented, immensely complex and subject to constant change, but that the city's complexity and change depends on the state of the language, verbal and visual, by which we apprehend it. The experience of cities is mediated—by what we read, by what we see, and by how we see. In The Urban Spectator , Eric Gordon recasts the history of the American city from steel and concrete to sight and memory, from ideas of architects, planners and builders to reactions of the general public. While most urban histories stress the economic, social, and aesthetic forces that shape the city, Gordon, coming from media studies, focuses on the ways people absorb and assimilate urban shape, stating that “the active gaze of the urban spectator was key to the production of the American city” (206). The gaze he is talking about consists of augmented sight, the technologically enhanced ways by which sight merges with consumption and identity. How do we aggregate traces of a city while taking a photograph? How does watching a film or video add or subtract from …
Investigation of Two-Phase Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Channels Using the Volume of Fraction Method

Two-phase flow in the gas channel of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC, also called PEM fuel cells) is investigated using the volume of fraction (VOF) method. We examine two-phase flow patterns, pressure drop and water droplet formation at various hydrophobic surfaces. Evolution of pressure drop is also presented to indicate its dependence on the two-phase transport status. The results also show that in the regime of high water flow rate and low gas velocity the slug annular flow emerges. When the gas flow increases, the annular type flow occurs. Experimental test is also conducted to compare with the numerical result. The developed numerical tool can be employed to investigate the fundamentals of channel two-phase flow in fuel cell.
Water transport in relation to expansion and contraction of leaves and fruits of Calamondin orangef

SummaryDiurnal fluctuations in fruit diameter and leaf thickness of Calamondin orange trees were measured and related to transpiration from leaves and to internal redistribution of water from fruit...
Abstract 2814: Inhibition of PhIP/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis by different forms of tocopherols in CYP1A-humanized mice

Tocopherols (T), which exist as α-, β-, γ-, and δ-T are important dietary antioxidants. Our previous studies have demonstrated that a mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT), δ-T, and γ-T effectively inhibited colon carcinogenesis in AOM/DSS-treated mice or AOM-treated rats. However, the effects of different forms of tocopherols on carcinogenesis in animal models and in humans remain controversial. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of α-T, γ-T, and δ-T on colon carcinogenesis induced by a dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), and promoted by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in CYP1A-humanized (hCYP1A) mice. At 5-6 weeks age, male hCYP1A mice were fed the AIN93M diet or diet supplemented with 0.2% α-T, γ-T, or δ-T for 1 week before PhIP treatment (2x 100mg/kg b.w., 3 days apart), which was followed by DSS (1.5% in drinking water for 4 days) treatment. The mice were sacrificed 10 weeks after the first dose of PhIP. Significant inhibition of colon tumor incidences was caused by dietary δ-T and γ-T, but not by α-T. In addition, oxidative and nitrosative stress markers (i.e., 8-oxo-dG and nitrotyrosine) as well as pro-inflammatory stress markers (i.e., PGE2, LTB4, NFκB and p-STAT3) were significantly reduced by δ-T. Dietary treatment with δ-T and γ-T significantly increased the δ-T and γ-T levels, respectively, in the blood and tissues, but their levels were still lower than the levels of α-T. However, the levels of their side-chain degradation metabolites (δ-T and γ-T forms of carboxyethyl hydroxychroman and carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychroman) were much higher than their parent tocopherols in blood and tissues. Altogether, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of δ-T and γ-T in a dietary carcinogen-induced colon carcinogenesis model. The inhibition is possibly due to the antioxidative, reactive nitrogen species-trapping, and anti-inflammatory activities δ-T and γ-T. (Supported by NIH grants F31CA168333, RO1CA120915 and RO1AT007036 as well as shared facilities funded by CA72720 and ES05022) Citation Format: Chung S. Yang, Jayson X. Chen, Anna B. Liu, Hong Wang, Marlon Lee, Siyuan Yu, Chunfang Zhao, Ying-Yi Kuo, Eric Chi, Nanjoo Suh. Inhibition of PhIP/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis by different forms of tocopherols in CYP1A-humanized mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2814. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2814
Data driven exploration of traffic network system dynamics using high resolution probe data

This paper, for the first time, explores the use of data-driven method to model the traffic dynamics of an interstate highway system with high resolution probe data. The dynamic mode decomposition and spatio-temporal pattern network were used to analyze traffic patterns on a 290 mile interstate highway across Iowa. The results show the data-driven methods can effectively detect the changes in traffic system dynamics during different time of day. Traffic dynamics during morning peak hours, evening peak hours and off-peak were very different on the studied road. In contrast, the trends over multiple months were similar during the same time periods. The study also found that inclement weather had a significant impact on the system dynamics. In future, the proposed methodology can be used to gain insights in the system dynamics of a traffic network. These models will be instrumental in optimal traffic control, traffic sensor placement and other policy decisions affecting the capacity of the network.
Fibronectin connecting segment-1 peptide inhibits pathogenic leukocyte trafficking and inflammatory demyelination in experimental models of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

The molecular determinants of pathogenic leukocyte migration across the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) are unknown. Specific disease modifying therapies for CIDP are also lacking. Fibronectin connecting segment-1 (FNCS1), an alternatively spliced fibronectin variant expressed by microvascular endothelial cells at sites of inflammation in vitro and in situ, is a counterligand for leukocyte α4 integrin (also known as CD49d) implicated in pathogenic leukocyte trafficking in multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. We sought to determine the role of FNCS1 in CIDP patient leukocyte trafficking across the BNB in vitro and in severe chronic demyelinating neuritis in vivo using a representative spontaneous murine CIDP model. Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from 7 untreated CIDP patients were independently infused into a cytokine-treated, flow-dependent in vitro BNB model system. Time-lapse digital video microscopy was performed to visualize and quantify leukocyte trafficking, comparing FNCS1 peptide blockade to relevant controls. Fifty 24-week old female B7-2 deficient non-obese diabetic mice with spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) were treated daily with 2mg/kg FNCS1 peptide for 5days via intraperitoneal injection with appropriate controls. Neurobehavioral measures of disease severity, motor nerve electrophysiology assessments and histopathological quantification of inflammation and morphometric assessment of demyelination were performed to determine in vivo efficacy. The biological relevance of FNCS1 and CD49d in CIDP was evaluated by immunohistochemical detection in affected patient sural nerve biopsies. 25μM FNCS1 peptide maximally inhibited CIDP leukocyte trafficking at the human BNB in vitro. FNCS1 peptide treatment resulted in significant improvements in disease severity, motor electrophysiological parameters of demyelination and histological measures of inflammatory demyelination. Microvessels demonstrating FNCS1 expression and CD49d+ leukocytes were seen within the endoneurium of patient nerve biopsies. Taken together, these results imply a role for FNCS1 in pathogenic leukocyte trafficking in CIDP, providing a potential target for therapeutic modulation.
Response to “Patient-Inspired Research: A Better Way to Go?”

I would like to thank Anne Katz for her thoughtful editorial on the importance of patient opinion in defining research questions. Nurse researchers choose to study specific topics for a variety of reasons. These reasons often relate to research funding priorities. It costs a lot of money to do research; topics may be chosen not because they are necessarily the passion of the researcher, but because that is where the funding dictates. .
Who Uses a Price Transparency Tool? Implications for Increasing Consumer Engagement:

Despite the recent proliferation of price transparency tools, consumer use and awareness of these tools is low. Better strategies to increase the use of price transparency tools are needed. To inform such efforts, we studied who is most likely to use a price transparency tool. We conducted a cross-sectional study of use of the Truven Treatment Cost Calculator among employees at 2 large companies for the 12 months following the introduction of the tool in 2011-2012. We examined frequency of sign-ons and used multivariate logistic regression to identify which demographic and health care factors were associated with greater use of the tool. Among the 70 408 families offered the tool, 7885 (11%) used it at least once and 854 (1%) used it at least 3 times in the study period. Greater use of the tool was associated with younger age, living in a higher income community, and having a higher deductible. Families with moderate annual out-of-pocket medical spending ($1000-$2779) were also more likely to use the tool...
Optical antennas; LED's faster than lasers

With optical antennas, spontaneous light emission becomes faster than stimulated emission, but the enhancement is limited by optical losses through the “anomalous skin effect”. Maintaining 50% efficiency, a 10x speedup beyond stimulated emission should be possible. The antenna-LED will replace the laser for on-chip optical communication.
Studying Mechanosensitivity of Two-Pore Domain K + Channels in Cellular and Reconstituted Proteoliposome Membranes

Mechanical force sensation is fundamental to a wide breadth of biology from the classic senses of touch, pain, hearing, and balance to less conspicuous sensations of proprioception, blood pressure, and osmolarity and basic aspects of cell growth, differentiation, and development. These diverse and essential systems use force-gated (or mechanosensitive) ion channels that convert mechanical stimuli into cellular electrical signals. TRAAK, TREK1, and TREK2 are K+-selective ion channels of the two-pore domain K+ (K2P) family that are mechanosensitive: they are gated open by increasing membrane tension. TRAAK and TREK channels are expressed in are thought to play roles in somatosensory and other mechanosensory processes in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Here, we present protocols for three assays to study mechanical activation of these channels in cell membranes: (1) cell swelling, (2) cell poking, and (3) patched membrane stretching. Patched membrane stretching is also applicable to the study of mechanosensitive K2P channel activity in a cell-free system and a procedure for proteoliposome reconstitution and patching is also presented. These approaches have been used to show that TRAAK and TREK channels are membrane tension-gated mechanosensors are readily applicable to the study of other mechanosensitive ion channels.
NEWS ABOUT TAXES AND EXPECTATIONS-DRIVEN BUSINESS CYCLES

This paper analyzes the possibility of expectations-driven business cycles to emerge in a one-sector real business cycle model if the unique driving force is news about future income tax rates. We find that good news about labor income tax rates cannot generate expectations-driven business cycles, whereas good news about capital income tax rates can. We show that a one-sector real business cycle model enriched with (i) variable capital utilization and (ii) investment adjustment costs and driven solely by news shocks about capital income tax rates is able to generate qualitatively and quantitatively realistic business cycle fluctuations. In contrast to numerous studies in the news-driven business cycle literature, our model maintains separable preferences.
The Impact of Remission Status on Patients’ Experiences with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): An Exploratory Analysis of Longitudinal Patient-Reported Outcomes Data

Shared decision-making in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires understanding patients’ longitudinal experiences of illness, but little is known about the impact of remission status on patient-reported outcomes (PROs). We aimed to explore the association between remission status and PROs 6–12 months following induction chemotherapy. Forty-two patients completed three validated instruments characterizing symptom burden (Patient Care Monitor v2.0), distress (NCCN Distress Thermometer), and QOL (FACT-Leu), as part of a longitudinal observational study. We used regression models to explore the relationship between remission status and PROs, and explore differences by initial disease type (de novo versus secondary/relapsed AML). Those with secondary or relapsed AML at study onset had marked impairments in all measures compared to de novo AML patients. After 6 months, their mean distress score was 4.8 (> 4.0 warrants intervention), they reported a mean of 14.1 moderate/severe symptoms and had a mean QOL score of 113.6, compared to 1.0, 1.7, and 155.2, respectively, for those with de novo AML (p < .0001). Similarly, patients in relapse had a mean distress score of 5.3, a mean of 12.8 moderate/severe symptoms, and a mean QOL score of 113.4, compared to 1.8, 5.7, and 143.8, respectively, among those in remission (p < .005). These patterns persisted after adjusting for baseline differences (p < .0001). Remission is associated with markedly better patient well-being in AML. Patients with secondary or relapsed AML face more severe symptom burden, distress, and QOL issues after induction. Interventions are needed to improve AML patients’ experiences of illness.
Performance evaluation of a lane departure warning system

This paper focuses on a night time driving performance evaluation of an image-based lane departure warning (LDW) system which was previously developed by the author [25, 26]. In the previous study, road testing was only conducted under the day time driving condition. So, the main focus here is to conduct night time driving evaluations. This system uses the Lucas-Kanada (L-K) optical flow and the Hough transform methods approach. Based on the status of the vehicle deviating from its heading lane, the method integrates both techniques to establish an operation algorithm to determine whether a warning signal should be issued. The L-K optical flow tracking is used when the lane boundaries cannot be detected, while the lane detection technique is used when they become available. Even though both techniques are used in the system, only one method is activated at any given time because each technique has its own advantages and also disadvantages. The image-based LDW system was road tested on rural highways and this paper briefly presents our night time driving test results.
Transcatheter valve replacement in congenital heart disease: the present and the future.

### Learning objectives Survival into adulthood for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is expected in those that have access to specialty care. Many of them will need multiple valve surgeries over their lifetime, which increases their risk of morbidity and mortality.1 The advances in interventional cardiology and the introduction of the Melody valve, a balloon expandable pulmonary valve2 in 2000 have radically altered the management options for these patients by reducing the need for redo surgical interventions.3 We herein discuss the existing and future catheter-based valve replacement and repair options for adult CHD. Pulmonary valve disorders in CHD can either be primary or postoperative. Primary pulmonary valve dysfunction may be isolated, as in congenital pulmonary stenosis (PS), or may be a part of a more complex coalescence of lesions as seen in tetralogy of Fallot, wherein pulmonary valvular, subvalvular and/or supravalvular stenosis and a ventricular septal defect (VSD) coexist. Surgical procedures that relieve pulmonic stenosis but result in chronic pulmonary regurgitation (PR) are more often performed over surgical valve or conduit placement in infancy or early childhood. Thereafter, surgical interventions usually consist of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) with either bioprosthetic valves or valved conduits. Mechanical pulmonic valve replacement has a low incidence of valve deterioration, need for reoperation and valve thrombosis if used with appropriate systemic anticoagulation4; however, they are not widely used due to various limitations including contraindications to systemic anticoagulation, future need for transcatheter interventions of the pulmonary arterial branches, and somatic outgrowth in infants and children. Bioprosthetic valves and conduits …
The 2016 Presidential Election Outcome: Fears, Tension, and Resiliency of GLBTQ Communities

The outcome of the 2016 US presidential election has raised concerns in the gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer (GLBTQ) communities nationwide. Utilizing an online survey, we queried GLBT...
Spin-coating: A new approach for improving dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals and mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) composites

Abstract This study systematically evaluated the influence of masterbatch preparation techniques, solvent casting and spin-coating methods, on composite properties. Composites were manufactured by combining CNCs masterbatches and PLA resin using twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. Different microscopy techniques were used to investigate the dispersion of CNCs in masterbatches and composites. Thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties of composites were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed superior dispersion of CNCs in spin-coated masterbatches compared to solvent cast masterbatches. At lower CNCs concentrations, both SEM and optical microscope images confirmed more uniform CNCs dispersion in spin-coated composites than solvent cast samples. Degree of crystallinity of PLA exhibited a major enhancement by 147% and 380% in solvent cast and spin-coated composites, respectively. Spin-coated composites with lower CNCs concentration exhibited a noticeable improvement in mechanical properties. However, lower thermal characteristics in spin-coated composites were observed, which could be attributed to the residual solvents in masterbatches.
Recurrent Random Walk

The first few sections of this chapter are devoted to the study of aperiodic one-dimensional recurrent random walk.1 The results obtained in Chapter III for two-dimensional aperiodic recurrent random walk will serve admirably as a model. Indeed, every result in this section, which deals with the existence of the potential kernel a(x) = A(x,0), will be identically the same as the corresponding facts in Chapter III. We shall show that the existence of $$a\left( x \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \sum\limits_{k = 0}^n {\left[ {{P_k}\left( {0,0} \right) - {P_k}\left( {x,0} \right)} \right]} $$ is a general theorem, valid for every recurrent random walk, under the very natural restriction that it be aperiodic. Only in section 29 shall we encounter differences between one and two dimensions. These differences become apparent when one investigates those aspects of the theory which depend on the asymptotic behavior of the potential kernel a(x) for large |x|. The result of P12.2, that $$\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty } \left[ {a\left( {x + y} \right) - a\left( x \right)} \right] = 0,y \in R$$ will be shown to be false in section 29 for aperiodic one-dimensional recurrent random walk with finite variance.
Describing Multiple Levels of Abstraction in the Metabolism

We discuss some central issues that arise in the computer representation of the metabolism and its subsystems. We provide a framework for the representation of metabolites and bioreactions at multiple levels of detail. The framework is based on defining an explicit linear mapping of metabolites and reactions from one level of detail to another. A simple reaction mechanism serves as an illustration and shows the emergence of the concept of a catalyst from metabolic abstraction levels.
Duplicate Patient Records – Implication for Missed Laboratory Results

Introduction Although duplicate records are a potential patient safety hazard, the actual clinical harm associated with these records has never been studied. We hypothesized that duplicate records will be associated with missed abnormal laboratory results. Methods A retrospective, matched, cohort study of 904 events of abnormal laboratory result (HgbA1c, TSH, Vitamin B(12), LDL). We compared the rates of missed laboratory results between patients with duplicate and non-duplicate records from the ambulatory clinics. Cases were matched according to test and ordering physician. Results Duplicate records were associated with a higher rate of missed laboratory results (OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.1-1.9). Other factors associated with missed lab results were tests performed as screening (OR=2.22, 95% CI 1.4-3.4), and older age (OR=1.15 for every decade, 95% CI 1.01-1.2). In most cases test results were reported into the main patient record. Discussion Duplicate records were associated with a higher risk of missing important laboratory results.
The mechanism governing cutting of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) tool blanks with phase transformation induced fracture

The thesis presents a combined experimental and computational investigation of a novel thermochemical material removal mechanism for cutting of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) substrates through controlled crack propagation. The CO2-Laser/Waterjet machining system developed by the Iowa State University’s Laboratory for Lasers, MEMS, and Nanotechnology was utilized to achieve specimen cutting. It has been proved that the hybrid machining method is more efficiency and able to provide high quality cutting that overcomes the major drawbacks with current EDM and Nd:YAG laser machining techniques. The LWJ method implemented a high power laser heating followed by low pressure waterjet quenching that achieved fracture initiation and propagation along the cutting path. The purposes of water in LWJ machining are: (1) help the phase transformation as to induce larger tensile stresses for crack propagation and (2) provide thermal shock that reduce the fracture toughness of material in specimen. Two forms of PCBN specimens: the solid compact and the composite with tungsten carbide substrate were studied in this thesis. The mechanism governing the fracture behavior was studied through Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and surface profile measurement with profilometer. FEA model associated with machining parameters was developed to validate the machining mechanism and provide prediction of fracture behavior. Good agreement between simulation prediction and experimental observation was achieved.
Variability in mixing efficiency and laboratory analyses of a common diet mixed at 25 experiment stations.

An experiment involving 25 experiment stations in the North Central and Southern regions (NCR-42 and S-288, respectively) was conducted to assess the degree of uniformity of diet mixing among stations and to assess the variability among station laboratories in chemical analysis of mixed diets. A fortified corn-soybean meal diet was mixed at each station using a common diet formula (except for vitamin and trace-mineral additions). The diet was calculated to contain 14% crude protein (CP), 0.65% Ca, 0.50% P, and 125 ppm Zn (based on 100 ppm added Zn). After mixing, samples were collected from the initial 5% of feed discharged from the mixer, after 25, 50, and 75% was discharged, and from the final 5% of discharged feed. The five samples were sent to the University of Kentucky, finely ground, and divided into subsamples. Each set of five subsamples from each station was distributed to three randomly selected stations for analysis of CP, Ca, P, and Zn (i.e., each station analyzed five diet sub-samples from three other stations). In addition, two commercial and two station laboratories analyzed composites of the five subsamples from each of the 25 mixed diets. Based on the laboratories that analyzed all diets, means were 13.5, 0.65, and 0.52%, and 115 ppm for CP, Ca, P, and Zn, respectively. Ranges of 11.8 to 14.6% CP, 0.52 to 0.85% Ca, 0.47 to 0.58% P, and 71 to 182 ppm of Zn were found among the 25 diet mixes. The coefficients of variation among the 25 diet samples for CP, Ca, P, and Zn were 4.3, 9.3, 4.1, and 17.4%, and among the 25 laboratories were 3.6, 12.5, 10.7, and 11.1%, respectively. Overall analyses of the five sub samples were, respectively, CP: 13.4, 13.6, 13.4, 13.5, and 13.4% (P < 0.06); Ca: 0.66, 0.67, 0.67, 0.66, and 0.67%; P: 0.50,0.51,0.51,0.50, and 0.50%; and Zn: 115, 116, 112, 113, and 120 ppm (P < 0.001). Diets were not uniformly mixed at all stations (station x sample No. was P < 0.08 for Ca and P < 0.01 for CP, P, and Zn). Among stations, the range of the five samples, expressed as a percentage of the mean and averaged for CP, Ca, P, and Zn, varied from +/- 1.1% (i.e., 98.9 to 101.0%) to +/- 12.9% (84.6 to 110.4%), with an overall average of +/- 5.2%. Neither type nor volume of mixers was related to mixing uniformity. The results suggest that uniformity of diet mixes varies among experiment stations, that some stations miss their targeted levels of nutrients (especially Zn), and that the variability among experiment station laboratories in analysis of dietary Ca, P, and Zn in mixed diets is quite large.
More Than a Number: Measuring Value and ROI in a Library Microgrant Program

The objective of this study was to identify whether the internal microgrant program at the University of Houston Libraries provided a suitable return on investment. This study identified three criteria for assessing return on investment from library microgrants: engagement, continuation, and professional impact. The results indicated that compared to costs for other library outreach programs and events, the amount for the microgrant program is not excessive. However, it resulted in significant participation and impact, with many continuing positive outcomes. Internal microgrant programs offered a positive return on investment for the University of Houston Libraries during the period reviewed. This study will help with the decision-making process of other libraries looking to fund similar programs. It also has implications for assessment in libraries with similar existing programs.
Book Review: Mahendra Pal Singh, The Indian Yearbook of Comparative Law 2016:

Mahendra Pal Singh, The Indian Yearbook of Comparative Law 2016. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017, 526 pp., ₹1,002.
A SYNOPTIC CLIMATOLOGY OF EXTREME UNSEASONABLE FLOODS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES, 1950–1990

Unseasonable floods are floods that occur in the season of lowest flood frequency, or dry season. Such floods pose a unique problem to flood planners and forecasters, yet little research has invest...
A new Clustering algorithm for an Energy Efficient WSN that Monitors HVTTs: Modified Multi Clustering

In this paper, a new clustering algorithm is developed to design an energy efficient Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for monitoring High Voltage Transmission Towers (HVTTs), Modified Multi Clustering (MMC) algorithm. MMC algorithm optimizes communication distance between routing nodes and the data traffic in the network. To design a WSN based on MMC algorithm, a RF transceiver that can reach long distances such as 10 km is needed. So, Long Range (LoRa) transceivers are considered for this paper, and electrical characteristics of Microchip RN293 LoRa transceiver are used to realize simulations of WSN designs based on MMC algorithm. The Classic Clustering (CC) algorithm is considered to compare energy efficiency, so the second WSN is designed by using the CC algorithm. Simulations shows that the maximum overall energy required per day for a single HVTT in a network of 100 HVTTs is 10.76 Joules per day for the WSN design based on MMC algorithm, and the maximum overall energy required per day for a single HVTT in a network of 100 HVTTs is 19.90 Joules per day for the WSN design based on the CC algorithm.
Racial Disparities in Community Mental Health Service Use Among Juvenile Offenders

Investigate differences in community mental health service utilization by race among a sample of juvenile offenders in the time surrounding adjudication for a serious offense. It was predicted that racial minority youth would demonstrate lower utilization of these services. The Pathways to Desistance data were used in analyses. This consisted of the responses of 1354 juvenile offenders. Wave 1 of the data was used in analyses. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relevance of racial identification and control covariates for predicting odds of receiving community mental health services during the prior 6 months. Results indicate that Black youth had lower odds of receiving all types of community mental health services, relative to White participants. Hispanic juvenile offenders had lower odds of receiving several types of services also, relative to White juvenile offenders. Findings indicate that minority justice-involved youth utilize community mental health services in the time surrounding adjudication at lower rates than White juvenile offenders do, a net of all effects. This may be indicative of additional barriers to service use and possible institutionalized racism which restrict mandating of services which may reduce mental health symptom severity and risk for recidivism among minority juvenile offenders.
Islet Transplantation in Children

Transplantation of the islets of Langerhans or the pancreas aims to restore blood sugar control. We review both forms of transplantation in children. Allogenic islet transplantation typically in to the liver via the portal vein may be a potential alternative to pancreas transplantation in the future. Autologous islet transplantation after total pancreatectomy is effective for debilitating symptoms of recurrent and chronic pancreatitis. Chronic pancreatitis in children is most often related to genetic mutations but is otherwise similar to adults with eventual exocrine and endocrine failure. Removal of the pancreas ameliorates pain, and islet transplantation preserves endocrine function to the extent allowed by the damage sustained by the pancreas from chronic inflammation. Despite the complexity of the operative procedure, the outcome of total pancreatectomy and autologous islet transplantation in children has been excellent including quality of life.
Ösophagektomie: Rechtsseitige Thorakotomie und Laparotomie

Die Osophagusentfernung durch eine rechtsseitige Thorakotomie ist bei Karzinombefall des Osophagus, ausgenommen Tumoren in den unteren 10–15 cm des Osophagus, angezeigt.
Passive acoustic monitoring effectively detects Northern Spotted Owls and Barred Owls over a range of forest conditions

Passive acoustic monitoring using autonomous recording units (ARUs) is a fast-growing area of wildlife research especially for rare, cryptic species that vocalize. Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) populations have been monitored since the mid-1980s using mark–recapture methods. To evaluate an alternative survey method, we used ARUs to detect calls of Northern Spotted Owls and Barred Owls (S. varia), a congener that has expanded its range into the Pacific Northwest and threatens Northern Spotted Owl persistence. We set ARUs at 30 500-ha hexagons (150 ARU stations) with recent Northern Spotted Owl activity and high Barred Owl density within Northern Spotted Owl demographic study areas in Oregon and Washington, and set ARUs to record continuously each night from March to July, 2017. We reviewed spectrograms (visual representations of sound) and tagged target vocalizations to extract calls from ∼160,000 hr of recordings. Even in a study area with low occupancy rates on historical territories (Washington's Olympic Peninsula), the probability of detecting a Northern Spotted Owl when it was present in a hexagon exceeded 0.95 after 3 weeks of recording. Environmental noise, mainly from rain, wind, and streams, decreased detection probabilities for both species over all study areas. Using demographic information about known Northern Spotted Owls, we found that weekly detection probabilities of Northern Spotted Owls were higher when ARUs were closer to known nests and activity centers and when owls were paired, suggesting passive acoustic data alone could help locate Northern Spotted Owl pairs on the landscape. These results demonstrate that ARUs can effectively detect Northern Spotted Owls when they are present, even in a landscape with high Barred Owl density, thereby facilitating the use of passive, occupancy-based study designs to monitor Northern Spotted Owl populations.
Reconsideration of Energy Balance in Jiles–Atherton Model for Accurate Prediction of B–H Trajectories in Ferrites

In this article, the energy balance equation in the original Jiles–Atherton model is revisited. In particular, the assumption that the energy stored in a lossy material is equal to that stored in a lossless material is removed. This modification results in more accurate prediction of $B$ – $H$ trajectories. A new approach to characterize material parameters based on resonant response is also set forth. Extensive experimental validation is provided and model parameters for several common materials are given.
Distribution of oncotype recurrence scores in invasive lobular carcinomas.

e13025Background: Invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) account for approximately 10-15% of all invasive breast cancers, with the majority of cases presenting as ER/PR positive and HER2 negative. As a ...
The Ecology of Patients' Sexual Health Adjustment After Prostate Cancer Treatment: The Influence of the Social and Healthcare Environment.

Purpose Little empirical research identifies environmental influences on sexual recovery of men with prostate cancer. This secondary qualitative analysis aimed to describe the role of the patients' environment on their sexual recovery process following prostate cancer surgery. Participants & setting Transcripts of interviews with 8 heterosexual men were randomly selected and analyzed from a sample of 18 at three months postprostatectomy. Methodologic approach The study was based on the social ecological model. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was applied to examine environmental factors affecting sexual recovery through the participant's perspective. Findings The value of trusted connections and support extended beyond the partner to the patient's social and healthcare networks. Implications for nursing These findings support the need for providers to assess the full constellation of patients' environmental experiences to better understand sexual recovery.
Integrating Financial Toxicity Assessment in Cancer Treatment: Implications for Medical Oncology Training

Financial burden or toxicity associated with cancer treatment is defined as problems a patient may face related to the costs of medical care. Financial toxicity has been widely documented in the oncology literature and has been associated with a host of negative outcomes, including impaired quality of life, treatment non-adherence and greater risk of mortality. These negative outcomes prompted a call to action among oncology providers to take the lead in discussions of financial burden and costs of care among patients. However, to date, oncologists feel ill prepared to initiate these discussions and few patients feel this is part of their routine oncologic care. Moreover, little attention has been given to the training of future clinicians in oncology to effectively discuss costs of care. The development and implementation of provider communication training programs and integration of appropriate financial toxicity screening will enable cost of care discussions to become routine and help dissipate patient discomfort.
Novel effective mosquito larvicide DL-methionine: Lack of toxicity to non-target aquatic organisms.

Abstract Mosquito larvicides are an effective tool for reducing numbers of adult females that bite and potentially spread pathogenic organisms. Methionine, an essential amino acid in humans, has been previously demonstrated to be a highly effective larvicide against four (4) mosquito species in three (3) genera, Anopheles, Culex and Aedes. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential impact on non-target aquatic organisms of methionine applied as a mosquito larvicide. D L -methionine concentrations ranging from 0.06% to 1.00% were used; wherein the highest concentration of 1.00% would result in 100% mortality within 48 h in mosquitoes. Acute toxicity assays were conducted in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) guidelines for the water flea (Daphnia magna Straus; Cladocera: Daphniidae) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque; Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Water fleas and fish were placed directly into the solutions in glass containers and tanks for 48-hours and 96-hours, respectively. When applied within the above-mentioned range of effective mosquito larvicide concentrations, D L -methionine meets US EPA criteria as a "practically non-toxic" pesticide for both species. These results suggest that methionine is a viable alternative to current mosquito larvicide options, which are typically classified as moderately to highly toxic and may be a valuable addition to a mosquito integrated pest management program.
Sex-Specific Plaque Signature: Uniqueness of Atherosclerosis in Women

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both men and women, although there are notable differences in presentation between men and women. Atherosclerosis remains the predominant driver of coronary heart disease in both sexes; however, sex differences in atherosclerosis should be investigated further to understand clinical manifestations between men and women. There are sex differences in the prevalence, progression, and prognostic impact of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, developing evidence demonstrates unique differences in atherosclerotic plaque characteristics between men and women on both noninvasive and invasive imaging modalities. Coronary microvascular dysfunction may be present even if no obstructive lesions are found. Most importantly, non-obstructive coronary artery disease is associated with a heightened risk of future adverse cardiovascular events and should not be ignored. The distinct plaque signature in women should be recognized, and optimal preventive strategies should be performed for both sexes.
Something Scary is Out There II: the Interplay of Childhood Experiences, Relict Sexual Dinichism, and Cross-cultural Differences in Spatial Fears

Children’s nighttime fear is hypothesized as a cognitive relict reflecting a long history of natural selection for anticipating the direction of nighttime predatory attacks on the presumed human ancestor, Australopithecus afarensis, whose small-bodied females nesting in trees would have anticipated predatory attacks from below. Heavier males nesting on the ground would have anticipated nighttime predatory attacks from their sides. Previous research on preschool children and adults supports this cognitive-relict hypothesis by showing developmental consistencies in their remembrances of the location of a “scary thing” relative to their beds. The current study expands this research by investigating whether nighttime fear in childhood, including the effect of parental threats to behave, influenced adult spatial fears in different biotic and abiotic situations. A 25-item questionnaire employing ordinal scales was given to 474 foreign-born Vietnamese and ethnic Chinese adults living in the USA. Univariate analyses of adult remembrances of childhood indicated that females were more fearful of something scary below their beds than males. To examine the influence of childhood nighttime fear on adult fears, exploratory factor analyses supported three factors: (1) indeterminate agents, indicated something scary under the bed, the difficulty locating unspecific threats, and the brief appearances of large apparitions; (2) environmental uncertainty, indicated by potential encounters with unseen animate threats; (3) predictable animals, as the relative comfort of viewing animals in zoo exhibits. Using structural equation modeling, the results suggest that childhood nighttime fear influenced only the latent variable, indeterminate agents, in both groups via the mediating variable, parental threats.
COVID-19 work from home productivity of inpatient and infusion pharmacists at a comprehensive cancer center

Abstract Purpose To evaluate inpatient and infusion pharmacist order verification productivity when working from home and to report their perceptions of a flexible workplace setting. Methods Order verification data was pulled from the electronic medical record from April 27, 2020 – June 30, 2020, matched to the pharmacist schedule based on work setting, and reported as average orders verified per day. Pharmacist perceptions were gathered via a survey to evaluate practice setting background, workplace setting preference, and perceived changes in workflow and their productivity. Results There was an overall increase in order verification productivity when working from home. Inpatient pharmacists on average verified 152 orders per day from home and 133 orders per day on-site. Infusion pharmacists on average verified 144 orders per day working from home and 117 orders per day working on-site. 59% of pharmacists reported preferring the mix of on-site and home workplace setting and noted little change in workflow. Additionally, 57% of the pharmacists perceive themselves as being more productive, 32% as maintaining the same level of productivity, and 10% feel they are less productive when working from home. The order verification data showed a greater increase in productivity for infusion shifts worked from home than inpatient shifts. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic prompted pharmacy departments to re-evaluate their ability to provide an option for a flexible workplace for pharmacists. Our study demonstrates that pharmacists on average verified more orders when working from home, and they also perceive themselves as being more productive. The results of this study support long-term applicability of a flexible work schedule for inpatient and infusion pharmacists
Modelling monetary policy using SPSA-based neural networks

Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation based neural networks (SPSA-NN) is introduced for modeling economic policy for the first time. A simulation method is used to compare the performances of two monetary policy models for the US economy pursuing a targeted objective. In the first method a one-step linear feedback policy is used, and in the second method a policy based on SPSA-NN is used. It is shown that SPSA-NN policy is much faster to learn the system, and once it is learned, the policy is quick to adjust to the changes.
A simulation-based assessment of the revised NEMA NU-2 70 cm long test phantom for PET

A 70 cm long polyethylene cylinder of radius 10 cm containing an off-center line source has been suggested for the characterization of PET tomograph whole-body performance in terms of scatter fraction, sensitivity to randoms and count-rate capability. In this work we perform a series of Monte Carlo simulations of a full-ring BGO system operating in 3D mode and a full-ring sodium iodide system operating in 3D mode to determine how closely scatter fraction and NEC results from the 70 cm cylinder follow those found in anthropomorphic activity and attenuation distributions. We find that the 70 cm cylinder measurements correctly rank-order the tomographs in terms of scatter fraction and NEC performance, but do not always accurately predict the actual scatter fractions or the peak NEC values encountered in the anthropomorphic models. Peak NEC for the phantom occurs at around double the activity concentrations which give rise to peak NEC in the anthropomorphic objects.
Design of a light‐oil piezomanometer for measurement of hydraulic head differences and collection of groundwater samples

[1] This paper describes a device (“piezomanometer”) that combines three components (an oil-water manometer, a pushable screened PVC probe, and a system for groundwater sample collection) into a single inexpensive ($130), easily built, reliable tool for rapid collection of shallow groundwater from a streambed or lake bed and accurate measurement of even very small head differences between this groundwater and overlying surface water. The piezomanometer has been tested with excellent results both in the lab and in a stream shallow enough for wading; in principle, it could be adapted for use in deeper water where work is done from a dock, boat, or other platform. The problem of gas bubbles collecting in the groundwater line (a common drawback of field manometers) was nearly eliminated by use of a three-way valve at a local elevation maximum in the groundwater line (gas bubbles in the groundwater line can be purged through this valve). Field application is illustrated here with data from a 2-day study using four piezomanometers in a North Carolina stream.
Distributed Beamforming Relay Selection to Increase Base Station Anonymity in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Wireless ad hoc networks have become valuable assets to both the commercial and military communities with applications ranging from industrial control on a factory floor to reconnaissance of a hostile border. In most applications, nodes act as data sources and forward information to a central base station (BS) that may also perform network management tasks. The critical role of the BS makes it a target for an adversary's attack. Even if an ad hoc network employs conventional security primitives such as encryption and authentication, an adversary can apply traffic analysis techniques to find the BS. Therefore, the BS should be kept anonymous to protect its identity, role, and location. Previous work has demonstrated distributed beamforming to be an effective technique to boost BS anonymity in wireless ad hoc networks; however, the increased anonymity and corresponding energy consumption depend on the quality and quantity of selected helper relays. In this paper we present a novel, distributed approach for determining a set of relays per hop that boosts BS anonymity using evidence theory analysis while minimizing energy consumption. The identified relay set is further prioritized using local wireless channel statistics. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness our approach.