cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraspecific Variation in Microbial Symbiont Communities of the Sun Sponge, Hymeniacidon heliophila, from Intertidal and Subtidal Habitats

Sponges host diverse and complex communities of microbial symbionts that display a high degree of host specificity. The microbiomes of conspecific sponges are relatively constant, even across distant locations, yet few studies have directly examined the influence of abiotic factors on intraspecific variation in sponge microbial community structure. The contrast between intertidal and subtidal environments is an ideal system to assess the effect of environmental variation on sponge-microbe symbioses, producing two drastically different environments on a small spatial scale. Here, we characterized the microbial communities of individual intertidal and subtidal Hymeniacidon heliophila sponges, ambient seawater, and sediment from a North Carolina oyster reef habitat by partial (Illumina sequencing) and nearly full-length (clone libraries) 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Clone library sequences were compared to H. heliophila symbiont communities from the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil, revealing strong host specificity of dominant symbiont taxa across expansive geographic distances. Sediment and seawater samples yielded clearly distinct microbial communities from those found in H. heliophila. Despite the close proximity of the sponges sampled, significant differences between subtidal and intertidal sponges in the diversity, structure, and composition of their microbial communities were detected. Differences were driven by changes in the relative abundance of a few dominant microbial symbiont taxa, as well as the presence or absence of numerous rare microbial taxa. These findings suggest that extreme abiotic fluctuations, such as periodic air exposure in intertidal habitats, can drive intraspecific differences in complex host-microbe symbioses.
Modifying Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells to Enhance DNA Vaccine Potency

DNA vaccines have emerged as a potentially important form of vaccination in the control of infectious diseases and cancers. It is now clear that professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in generating humoral and cell-mediated antigen-specific immune responses by DNA vaccination. Continuing progress in our understanding of how professional APCs uptake DNA, process and present the antigens encoded by DNA vaccines to activate B- and T-cell-mediated immune responses in vaccinated individuals provides a framework from which to design more effective DNA vaccines. Advances in molecular biology technology allow DNA to be easily manipulated and make the implementation of novel DNA vaccine strategies possible. This review discusses strategies employing molecular biology technology to improve DNA vaccine potency. These approaches include strategies to increase the numbers of antigen-expressing DCs, strategies to enhance MHC class I and/or II presentation of the encoded antigen and strategies to prolong the life of antigen-expressing DCs to enhance DNA vaccine potency. We will also discuss the methodology involved in DNA vaccine development targeting human papillomavirus oncogenic protein E7.
Assessing Model Similarity in Structural Equation Modeling

Two models can be nonequivalent, but fit very similarly across a wide range of data sets. These near-equivalent models, like equivalent models, should be considered rival explanations for results of a study if they represent plausible explanations for the phenomenon of interest. Prior to conducting a study, researchers should evaluate plausible models that are alternatives to those hypothesized to evaluate whether they are near-equivalent or equivalent and, in so doing, address the adequacy of the study’s methodology. To assess the extent to which alternative models for a study are empirically distinguishable, we propose 5 indexes that quantify the degree of similarity in fit between 2 models across a specified universe of data sets. These indexes compare either the maximum likelihood fit function values or the residual covariance matrices of models. Illustrations are provided to support interpretations of these similarity indexes.
A review of current ethical concerns and challenges in substance use disorder research.

Purpose of reviewTo consider and summarize provocative and important publications from 2009 and 2010 related to the ethics of international substance use disorder research.Recent findingsThis review highlights publications related to the interconnected areas of responsible conduct of research, human
Catalase in Honey

SUMMARYTwenty-eight honey samples were analysed for catalase activity by a spectrophotometric method. Results were compared with previous data on diastase and peroxide accumulation in the same samples. Statistical analysis indicated a direct relation between amounts of catalase and diastase, and an inverse relation between catalase and peroxide accumulation.
MO-FG-202-06: Improving the Performance of Gamma Analysis QA with Radiomics- Based Image Analysis

Purpose: The use of gamma analysis for IMRT quality assurance has well-known limitations. Traditionally, a simple thresholding technique is used to evaluated passing criteria. However, like any image the gamma distribution is rich in information which thresholding mostly discards. We therefore propose a novel method of analyzing gamma images that uses quantitative image features borrowed from radiomics, with the goal of improving error detection. Methods: 368 gamma images were generated from 184 clinical IMRT beams. For each beam the dose to a phantom was measured with EPID dosimetry and compared to the TPS dose calculated with and without normally distributed (2mm sigma) errors in MLC positions. The magnitude of 17 intensity histogram and size-zone radiomic features were derived from each image. The features that differed most significantly between image sets were determined with ROC analysis. A linear machine-learning model was trained on these features to classify images as with or without errors on 180 gamma images.The model was then applied to an independent validation set of 188 additional gamma distributions, half with and half without errors. Results: The most significant features for detecting errors were histogram kurtosis (p=0.007) and three size-zone metrics (p<1e-6 for each). The sizezone metrics detected clusters of high gamma-value pixels under mispositioned MLCs. The model applied to the validation set had an AUC of 0.8, compared to 0.56 for traditional gamma analysis with the decision threshold restricted to 98% or less. Conclusion: A radiomics-based image analysis method was developed that is more effective in detecting error than traditional gamma analysis. Though the pilot study here considers only MLC position errors, radiomics-based methods for other error types are being developed, which may provide better error detection and useful information on the source of detected errors. This work was partially supported by a grant from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, grant number R18 HS022244-01.
Kazuo Ishiguro: When We Were Orphans (2000)

Like Rushdie and Kureishi, Ishiguro is a product of and gives fictional representation to competing cultures and generations. The six novels that Ishiguro has written to date show a remarkably consistent preoccupation with the same themes. All of them focus on adult narrators who are fixated with the past, especially with the trauma of leaving behind their protected childhood. In his latest novel to date, Never Let Me Go (2005) Kath, the protagonist (a clone bred solely for purposes of organ donation) looks up later in life one of her guardians who helped run the humane boarding school, Hailsham, which she had attended. The guardian’s justification of Hailsham’s caring but deceptive regime could as easily be that of any of the parents in Ishiguro’s other novels explaining to their children why they provided them with an illusory sense of invulnerability while they were young: You see, we were able to give you something, something which even now no one will ever take from you, and we were able to do that principally by sheltering you … Very well, sometimes that meant we kept things from you, lied to you. Yes, in many ways we fooled you. I suppose you could even call it that. But we sheltered you during those years, and we gave you your childhoods. (268)
Uptake and attitudes regarding hepatitis A vaccine among childcare centre staff, administrators, and parents

Abstract Objectives Study objectives were to assess parents' and childcare agency staff's uptake of and attitudes/beliefs related to hepatitis A vaccine. Study design Cross-sectional survey. Methods Questionnaires were administered to parents and staff in 23 St. Louis childcare agencies between September and December 2014. Categorical data were compared using Chi-squared test. Multivariate logistic regression, stratified by staff vs parents, was used to find predictors of hepatitis A vaccine uptake. Results In total, 351 staff and parents participated (response rate = 32%). More staff than parents had been offered or recommended to receive hepatitis A vaccine by a healthcare provider (55.4% vs 36.6% and 53.3% vs 28.7%, respectively; P = .001 for both). More staff than parents received hepatitis A vaccine (85.3% vs 67.5%, Chi-squared test = 11.0, P P P P P P P Conclusion In this study population, many childcare agency staff and parents have received hepatitis A vaccine, though staff immunization rates are at the minimum needed to reach herd immunity levels. Having employers encourage vaccination, offer free vaccine, or make vaccine available onsite could increase staff vaccination rates. Public health should partner with childcare agencies to increase staff vaccine uptake, which could result in community herd immunity.
Bempedoic Acid (ETC-1002): an Investigational Inhibitor of ATP Citrate Lyase

Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002), a novel therapeutic approach for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering, inhibits ATP citrate lyase (ACL), an enzyme involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Although rodent studies suggested potential effects of ACL inhibition on both fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, studies in humans show an effect only on cholesterol synthesis. In phase 2 studies, ETC-1002 reduced LDL-C as monotherapy, combined with ezetimibe, and added to statin therapy, with LDL-C lowering most pronounced when ETC-1002 was combined with ezetimibe in patients who cannot tolerate statins. Whether clinically relevant favorable effects on other cardiometabolic risk factors such as hyperglycemia and insulin resistance occur in humans is unknown and requires further investigation. Promising phase 2 results have led to the design of a large phase 3 program to gain more information on efficacy and safety of ETC-1002 in combination with statins and when added to ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients.
TOWARD A BIOCHEMICAL DEFINITION OF ALCOHOLISM

Alcoholism has yet to be satisfactorily defined in terms of a single biochemical or hematological marker without resulting in undue numbers of false negatives as well as clinically embarrassing false positives. In contrast, analysis of the interrelationships among 25 routinely requested laboratory tests resulted in 100% correct identification of nonalcoholic inpatients and 86% of alcoholic inpatients. This approach can be conceptualized by use of the analogy of a fingerprint, i.e., it is not any one line (biochemical marker or single biochemical parameter) but rather the relationships between multiple lines (multiple biochemical interrelationships) that identify a given individual.
Increasing National Institutes of Health Funding for Cardiac Arrest Research.

It is a truth universally acknowledged that an agency in possession of funds must be in need of a worthy cause. In this issue of JAHA , Coute et al[1][1] review the funding record of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the largest funder of biomedical research in the world, to assess its
Introduction: An Overview of Schutz’s Work and This Work

Alfred Schutz sought to provide philosophical foundations for Weberian sociology by articulating the structures of the sociotemporal, everyday life that any sociological explanation presupposes. With reference to this pragmatically oriented everyday life, Schutz develops his theory of multiple realities, including religion and humor, that are modifications of everyday life and that can free us from its pragmatic imperatives. A dialectic emerges in Schutz’s work insofar as the non-pragmatic finite provinces of meaning resist pragmatic everyday life and yet must rely upon it for their transmission and communication. Schutz repeatedly shows how events and experiences in everyday life upset the pragmatic anticipations of everyday life. By analyzing the non-pragmatic finite provinces of meaning of religion and humor in terms of the six features of the cognitive style of these provinces, one will be able to see their potential to emancipate.
Processing multiple gap dependencies: Forewarned is forearmed

Abstract Many studies have shown that when forming a filler-gap dependency, comprehenders attempt to posit a gap site in advance of the input. However, it remains an open question what information they use to determine gap locations. The current study investigates parallelism in coordinate extraction structures, and asks whether comprehenders use parallelism constraints to structure their expectations about upcoming gap sites. Using a filled-gap paradigm, Experiments 1 and 2 show that comprehenders rely on parallelism to restrict the search for upcoming gap sites to specific locations in sentences with coordinate extraction. Experiment 3 shows that this effect cannot be reduced to processing factors, but may be due to a grammatically-based constraint on parallel extraction. Together, these results shed new light on the source and scope of active processing and parallelism effects in comprehension.
Policy Uncertainty, Corporate Risk-Taking, and CEO Incentives

We show evidence that CEO risk-taking incentives represent a key mechanism through which policy uncertainty impacts the real economy. We document that high levels of policy uncertainty are associated with significantly lower future stock return volatility. This relation is stronger (more negative) for firms where the CEO has higher compensation delta or less transferable skills, and is weaker when the CEO has higher compensation vega. Furthermore, when policy uncertainty is high, firms are more likely to use financial hedging instruments and engage in more diversifying mergers, and CEOs sell more own-firm shares and exercise fewer options.
Development and validation of a complexity score to rank hospitalized patients at risk for preventable adverse drug events.

Purpose The development of risk models for 16 preventable adverse drug events (pADEs) and their aggregation into the final complexity score (C-score) are described. Methods Using data from 2 tertiary care facilities, logistic regression models were constructed for the first 5 hospital days that admissions were at risk for each of 16 pADEs. The best model for each pADE was validated in 100 bootstrap samples. The C-score was then aggregated and predicted individual pADE risk as the probability to develop at least 1 pADE. Using the 100 bootstrap samples for each pADE, 100 C-scores for validation were generated. Results We utilized electronic health records (EHR) data from 65,518 admissions to UF Health Shands and 18,269 admissions to UF Health Jacksonville to develop risk models for 16 pADEs. Most models had very strong discriminant validity (C-statistic > 0.8), with the highest predicted decile representing about half of manifest pADEs. Among admissions in the highest C-score decile, about two thirds experienced at least 1 pADE (C-statistic, 0.838; 95% confidence interval, 0.838–0.839). C-score precision, defined as the percentage of patients consistently (i.e., at least 95 of 100 samples) ranked in the 90th percentile, was 80–84%. Conclusion The C-score was developed and validated for the identification of hospitalized patients at highest risk for pADEs. Aggregation of individual prediction models into a single score reduced its predictive power for most pADEs, compared with the individual risk models, but concentrated in the highest C-score decile a patient group more than two thirds of whom experienced at least 1 pADE.
Zygapophyseal (Facet) Pain Syndrome

Cervical facet syndrome is a syndrome in which the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine generate neck pain or headaches. It is typically believed to be caused by degenerative changes of the facets in the cervical spine. Usually described as dull and achy, the pain may be accompanied by headaches and present with pain with cervical range of motion. Pain may radiate to the posterior shoulder, posterior neck, and occiput. The most common exam findings include tenderness to palpation over the cervical facet joint and reproducible pain with neck rotation, lateral flexion, or extension in the absence of any neurological deficits. The most common treatment regimens include conservative management like physical therapy, joint injections, or local articular nerve blocks. Surgical interventions are also a treatment option if all conservative treatment fails, but remain controversial in terms of efficacy.
Total Care of the Child with Cancer

Total care is the term used to encompass all types of treatment given to the child with cancer. It includes multimodal therapy, designed to achieve the maximum of cures with the minimum likelihood of late complications, physical support, such as antibiotics, blood products, and nutrition, as well as psychosocial support. The following article deals with the staff necessary to deal with psychosocial issues and the manner in which they work. The size of the staff varies with the number of patients treated, but includes pediatricians, psychologists, social workers, nurses, play therapists, educators, and chaplains. They are involved with the patient in varying degrees, depending upon the stage of the disease and the particular kinds of crises. These crises occur at the time of diagnosis, the initiation of treatment, the discontinuation of treatment, entry into adult life, relapse and death. Programs can be developed to make the maximum use of the staff time available.
GENERATION OF UNIPOLAR ULTRASONIC PULSES BY SIGNAL PROCESSING

Synthetic unipolar pulses have been generated, using signal processing, in a pulse/echo ultrasonic system. Analysis reveals that sending-receiving transduction and propagation can each be partially described by the mathematical process of differentiation. Multiple integration of the received signals yield unipolar pulses if the excitation signals applied to the transducer are unipolar.
Regulatory T Cell Control of Autoimmune Destruction of Beta Cells In The BB Rat

Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in humans appears to be an autoimmune-mediated disease process that selectively destroys the pancreatic beta cells (1). Numerous lines of evidence support the concept of an autoiimnune pathogenesis of IDDM. A mononuclear cell infiltration of the islets of Langerhans (insulitis) is observed in diabetics, consisting predominately of Ia+ activated T cells and monocytes. Islet cell autoantibodies are readily detectable in the serum of people with IDDM, and lymphocytes from acutely diabetics children can kill human insulinoma cells in vitro. Futhermore, IDDM appears to have a genetic component that is strongly associated with the major histocompatibility complex, and patients with IDDM have a high incidence of other autoimmune disorders (1).
A Euclidean Model of the Hyperbolic Plane

At the end of Chapter I, we mentioned the discovery that a non-euclidean geometry could have a euclidean representation. In this chapter, we want to look at one such representation, due to H. Poincare (1854–1912), which is called “the Poincare model of hyperbolic geometry”. Not only is this model attractively ingenious, but, as we shall explain in detail, it implies that if there is a logical inconsistency in hyperbolic geometry then there is a logical inconsistency in euclidean geometry. Thus, however non-intuitive hyperbolic geometry may appear, it cannot be refuted on logical grounds unless there is a similar refutation of the highly intuitive relations of euclidean geometry.
Learning of compositional hierarchies by data-driven chunking

Compositional hierarchies (CHs), layered structures of part-of relationships, underlie many forms of data, and representations involving these structures lie at the heart of much of AI. Despite this importance, methods for learning CHs from data are scarce. We present an unsupervised technique for learning CHs by an on-line, bottom-up chunking process. At any point, the induced structure can make predictions about new data. Currently we work with with 1-dimensional, discreteposition data (sequential data but not necessarily directional), where each position is occupied by a symbol from a discrete, finite alphabet, and where the data is potentially unbounded in both directions, not organized into a set of strings with definite beginnings and ends. Unlike some chunking systems, our chunking is purely data-driven in the sense that only the data, and its underlying statistical regularities, are used to construct the hierarchy. Abstractly, we proceed by repeatedly identifying frequently occurring substructures and forming new nodes for them in the hierarchy. We have developed two systems, both implemented as symmetric, recurrent neural networks. Both can be viewed as follow-ups to the successful interactive activation model (IAM) (McClelland & Rumelhart 1981), extending it in a number of ways, primarily to incorporate learning. The first system and more details on CH learning in general are described in (Pfleger 1998). The second system uses a Boltzmann machine, extended to handle categorical values and weight sharing. As with IAM, the network encodes a CH directly using a localist representation. Weight sharing and “hardware” duplication (unrolling) are used to model atomic symbols and chunks at different positions. Atomic symbols (the data) are visible variables and the chunks are hidden variables. Chunking is accomplished as an on-line structure modification rule. Specifically, new chunks are created when the weights between existing atoms or chunks show strong positive cooccurrence. Somewhat like a reverse-decimation, the original direct weight is removed and a new node representing the aggregation is created with links to its two constituents.
Transcultural healthcare immersion: a unique interprofessional experience poised to influence collaborative practice in cultural settings.

OBJECTIVE This paper describes a model for interprofessional and transcultural learning established by the author and supported by the University of New England and Ghana Health Mission, Inc. The model for interprofessional immersion in cultural settings represents a guiding framework predicated on a conceptual "brick and mortar" process for building cultural proficiency among individuals and within teams. It encompasses social, clinical and behavioral components (brick) and personal desire, cultural humility and values (mortar). The ``bounty'' aspect of the model is achieved by way of successful student learning outcomes, positive interprofessional and community-based collaborations, and finally, and to be measured over time, favorable patient and population (programmatic) outcomes. RESULTS In partnership with the Ghana Health Mission, Inc and local community health workers, students and faculty from a range of health professions took part in a cultural-clinical experience known as Transcultural Immersion in Healthcare. The goal of the experience was to advance cultural proficiency and knowledge through intensive cultural immersion. An urban setting in Ghana, located in West Africa served as the setting for this unique experience. CONCLUSION The transcultural immersion in healthcare experience achieved its ``bounty'' as seen in the enhanced cultural proficiency of students and faculty, seamless interprofessional communication and collaboration, and provision of primary care and related services to patients and the Ghanaian community. Future research is in development to test the Model for Interprofessional Immersion in Cultural Settings (MIICS) in a variety of other settings and with a cross section of health disciplines.
Sudanese Refugee Youth: Resilience Among Undefended Children

Sudanese refugee youth who were separated from their parents by civil war represent an extreme example of undefended children. James Garbarino (Lost boys: Why our sons turn violent and how we can save them. New York, NY, Free Press, 1999; No place to be a Child: Growing up in a war zone. Lexington, MA, Lexington Books, 1991) has pointed out that children exposed to war and some children in American cities share a common experience of learning early in life that adults around them cannot protect them. Like other children with this experience, the Sudanese youth developed strategies for survival through self-reliance, self-care, and the formation of strong peer groups. However, for the most part these youth found strategies that promoted positive development, unlike many other children facing high levels of risk. In this chapter we will review findings from our research concerning the youth’s own perspectives on the risks they faced and the protective factors that helped them during their lives in Africa as refugees. We address three questions: How did the youth experience separation and ambiguous loss after separation from their parents? From their perspective, what were the risks they faced in Africa during flight and in the refugee camps? What protective factors buffered their exposure to these risks?
Addition or Multiplication

Counting is one of the most fundamental skills. People start to count on their fingers when they are in kindergarten or even earlier. But how to count quickly, correctly, and systematically is a lifelong course.
Current Research Status of Heterodera glycines Resistance and Its Implication on Soybean Breeding

Abstract Heterodera glycines (i.e., soybean cyst nematode, SCN) is the most damaging nematode pest affecting soybean crop worldwide. This nematode is managed by means of crop rotation with selected resistant sources. With increasing reports of virulent SCN populations that are able to break the resistance within commonly used sources, there is an increasing need to find new sources of resistance or to broaden the resistance background. This review summarizes recent findings about the genes controlling SCN resistance in soybean, and about how these genes interact to confer resistance against SCN in soybean. It also provides an update on molecular mapping and molecular markers that can be used for the mass selection and differentiation of different resistance lines and cultivars in order to expedite conventional breeding programs. In-depth knowledge of SCN parasitism proteins and soybean resistance responses to the pathogen is critical for the diversification of resistant sources through gene modification, gene stacking, or incorporation of novel sources of resistance through backcrossing or genetic engineering.
CSIT Thresholds for Collapse of Degrees of Freedom in Wireless Networks

We study K-user Interference Channels (IC), K-user MIMO ICs and K-user MIMO Broadcast Channels (BC) with generic channel coefficients where, for some channel coefficients the channel state information at the transmitter(s) (CSIT) is perfect, while for the others the CSIT is available only to finite precision. By generalizing the Aligned Image Sets (AIS) bound we are able to characterize the necessary and sufficient condition for the collapse of sum degrees of freedom (DoF) to 1 in each case. For example, the K=3 user interference channel has sum DoF=1 if and only if the CSIT for at least one of the undesired channel coefficients is limited to finite precision.
Impact of Central Nervous System Stimulant Medication Use on Growth in Pediatric Populations with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review

Central nervous system stimulants are a commonly used first-line treatment option for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Stimulants are generally well tolerated, with anorexia and insomnia the most common adverse effects. However, there are some concerns with long-term use of stimulants, such as potential growth delay. Historically, data regarding this long-term adverse effect have been conflicting. In this article, we review the newer data surrounding the effects of central nervous system stimulants on growth parameters in children with ADHD. We conducted a literature search of the PubMed database; only articles using ADHD criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision; and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, were included to ensure the most up-to-date review of literature. Nine articles were identified for relevance and quality and are discussed in this review, describing clinical observations of height and weight of adolescent or pediatric patients receiving stimulant medications for ADHD therapy. In summary, this review points toward potential associations between duration of treatment and higher doses of stimulants with decreased weight and body mass index. Furthermore, this review demonstrates that evidence is still conflicting regarding the relationship between stimulant use and significant height decreases. Future studies with higher quality of evidence are needed to observe this potential adverse effect of stimulants in children and adolescents.
Development of embryogenic dogwood cultures and the regeneration of plants.

Somatic embryogenesis in flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) has been achieved, but not the regeneration of plants with active shoot growth. To improve plant regeneration, eight media treatments were tested for induction of somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis was obtained on three media containing the plant growth regulators (PGRs) 0.1 mg l-1 picloram, 2.0 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, or 0.1 mg l-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Somatic embryogenesis was also induced on Woody Plant Medium without PGRs. Overall, 92% of the somatic embryos examined converted into plants with active root and shoot growth. This is the first report of somatic embryo-derived plants of C. florida that have active shoot growth and that could be transferred to soil. Embryogenic suspensions were established from IBA-treated cultures that could serve as a target for C. florida bioengineering.
Gifted and Black: The Drama of Lorraine Hansberry

With a focus especially on The Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window , this article argues that Hansberry’s work is, in a sense, underappreciated. Hansberry’s fame relies chiefly on A Raisin in the Sun , and critics have often failed to appreciate Brustein because of its general allusion to life in the Village and comparative lack of adherence to Black topics. The article however argues that this is an indicator of Hansberry’s overall strength as an author, rather than a weakness. The article assesses the work’s importance with allusions to Anne Cheney and comparisons to the writing of August Wilson. It additionally explores her upbringing in the Black bourgeosie.
Orthography matters!: the ideologies, insecurities and global politics of the 1990 Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement

ABSTRACTThis paper explores linguistic ideologies surrounding The 1990 Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement. The reform, which aims to uniformize Lusophone orthographies and strengthen Portug...
The Mesulam Continuous Performance Test (M-CPT): Age-Related and Gender Differences in the Sustained Attention of Elementary School Children

The present study gathered normative data for the Mesulam Continuous Performance Test (M-CPT; Mesulam, 1985) and illustrates its potential as an efficient assessment of attention in elementary school children. The M-CPT was administered to a convenience sample of 299 6-14 year-old children drawn from a charter elementary school in Northern California. The results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that test performance generally improved with age. Logistic regression modeling indicated that female students had greater odds of committing no errors on at least one section of the M-CPT than male students, suggesting that girls had greater attentional capacity for the task. The amount of time it took each student to complete the M-CPT was investigated and it was found that age had a strong linear relationship with time to completion. The results suggest that time to completion could be a developmentally sensitive marker of sustained attention. M-CPT completion time offers promise in an assessment of attention problems. Implications are discussed.
Experimental critical loads for perforated square plates: Objective of experimental study is to determine critical loads for simply supported square plates with a circular central hole and to compare these results with those predicted by the ritz energy method

Experimentally determined critical loads are presented for simply supported square plates with a circular central hole under the action of uniform edge displacements for hole diameters varying up to seventenths the dimension of the plate. The critical load is defined as the inflection point on the load-deflection curve as measured by a set of dial gages at the edge of the hole. Least-squares-curve fitting techniques are used for reducing all experimental data and the entire set of computations is carried out on the electronic digital computer. Finally, it is shown that the experimental results agree well with the theoretical critical loads as determined by the Ritz energy method.
LINbase: a web server for genome-based identification of prokaryotes as members of crowdsourced taxa

High throughput DNA sequencing in combination with efficient algorithms could provide the basis for a highly resolved, genome phylogeny-based and digital prokaryotic taxonomy. However, current taxonomic practice continues to rely on cumbersome journal publications for the description of new species, which still constitute the smallest taxonomic units. In response, we introduce LINbase, a web server that allows users to genomically circumscribe any group of prokaryotes with measurable DNA similarity and that uses the individual isolate as smallest unit. Since LINbase leverages the concept of Life Identification Numbers (LINs), which are codes assigned to individual genomes based on reciprocal average nucleotide identity, we refer to groups circumscribed in LINbase as LINgroups. Users can associate with each LINgroup a name, a short description, and a URL to a peer-reviewed publication. As soon as a LINgroup is circumscribed, any user can immediately identify query genomes as members and submit comments about the LINgroup. Most genomes currently in LINbase were imported from GenBank, but users can upload their own genome sequences as well. In conclusion, LINbase combines the resolution of LINs with the power of crowdsourcing in support of a highly resolved, genome phylogeny-based digital taxonomy. LINbase is available at http://www.LINbase.org.
Continuous Directed Scaling: How Could Dynamic Multiplication and Division Diagrams Be Used to Cross Mathematical Borders?

We consider how dynamic diagrams can be used to model multiplication and division. This chapter begins with a review of how multiplication is conceptualized in elementary mathematics education. We consider the affordances of familiar representations of multiplication (e.g., repeated addition, the area representation) and highlight aspects of arithmetic (e.g., multiplication with signed numbers) that are difficult for them to represent. Next, we develop geometric models of multiplication and division by adapting compass-and-straightedge procedures to dynamic geometry. We argue that dynamic diagrams can model multiplication and division as continuous scaling operations on directed lengths, and we consider how dynamic diagrams could be used as virtual manipulatives in pre-service teacher education.
Growing Hearts and Minds: Linking Landscapes and Lifescapes in a Soils Field Course

Abstract Interacting with practitioners and understanding multiple, contradictory, and complex perspectives is an important skill for effectively managing terrestrial resources in the 21st century Addressing these needs requires innovative approaches in higher education that elevate student learning outcomes (SLOs) and emphasize the affective learning domain through meaningful, place-based interactions with practitioners We describe an approach taken to expand a traditional soils field course to include emphasis on higher-level SLOs in the affective learning domain Following the completion of a week-long field study course in which students gain skills in soil description, classification, and interpretation, the expanded second module of the course includes a traveling component in which students experience soils, landscapes, and ?lifescapes? (i e the lived experiences of practitioners) This second module incorporates practitioners as the primary source of knowledge and is structured to encourage dialogue, understanding, and co-discovery centered around soils and land management In unstructured narratives, students identified themes in the affective domain?Deep Collaboration, Personal & Professional Development and Sense of Place, Community, and Joy?as transformational experiences in the course that influenced their personal and professional growth and future ability to interact with people from across the geographic, social, and political spectrum This article is protected by copyright All rights reserved
Political and Social Contestation in the Memorialization of ‘Comfort Women’

This chapter explores the case study of Korean American initiatives to erect ‘comfort women’ memorials on public land in the United States, memorializing women and girls held in sexual servitude to the Japanese imperial armed forces during the 1930s and 1940s. Such efforts entail a process of contestation (as well as collaboration) among elements of two migrant groups, Korean Americans and Japanese Americans, while the host society (represented by local governments in the United States) plays arbiter in negotiating between each group’s claims to the historical narrative. It provides insights into memory politics and diaspora politics, as well as the interactions between them, in a multicultural settler nation.
2-Locus Cleave and Rescue selfish elements harness a recombination rate-dependent generational clock for self limiting gene drive

Self-limiting gene drive allows control over the spread and fate of linked traits. Cleave and Rescue (ClvR) elements create self-sustaining drive and comprise a DNA sequence-modifying enzyme (Cas9-gRNAs, Cleaver) that disrupts an essential gene, and a tightly linked, uncleavable version of the essential gene (Rescue). ClvR spreads by creating conditions in which those without it die because they lack essential gene function. We show that when ClvR is implemented in a 2-locus format, with key elements - Rescue (and Cargo), and Cas9 and/or gRNAs - located at different genomic positions, spread of the Rescue is self-limiting. Drive strength and duration are determined by a recombination rate-dependent generational clock, providing an important point of control for different ecological and regulatory contexts. We implement 2-locus ClvR in Drosophila. Rescue spreads to high frequency in a Cas9-dependent manner, while the frequency of Cas9 decreases, demonstrating transient drive and loss of future drive potential.
Vision Based Lane Detection for Self-Driving Car

Lane detection plays a key role in building intelligent traffic system. How to improve the accuracy of lane recognition and the ability of curve detection has always been the focus of research. Aiming at the detection of yellow and white lane lines and curves in complex environments, this paper introduces a new lane line detection method based on machine vision, which combines the yellow lane line processed in HSV space with the white lane line processed in grayscale space. Through canny edge detection, inverse perspective transformation and sliding window polynomial fitting method to achieve real-time lane detection. The experiment shows that the algorithm can accurately detect the curve and the lane line under the light changing circumstances, and can calculate the vehicle's deviation distance according to the lane line detection results. At the same time, the algorithm shows good reliability and robustness under multiple working conditions.
The Northwestern University Neuroimaging Data Archive (NUNDA)

The Northwestern University Neuroimaging Data Archive (NUNDA), an XNAT-powered data archiving system, aims to facilitate secure data storage; centralized data management; automated, standardized data processing; and simple, intuitive data sharing. NUNDA is a federated data archive, wherein individual project owners regulate access to their data. NUNDA supports multiple methods of data import, enabling data collection in a central repository. Data in NUNDA are available by project to any authorized user, allowing coordinated data management and review across sites. With NUNDA pipelines, users capitalize on existing procedures or standardize custom routines for consistent, automated data processing. NUNDA can be integrated with other research databases to simplify data exploration and discovery. And data on NUNDA can be confidently shared for secure collaboration.
Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Diffuse Cystic Lung Diseases

Diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that need a detailed clinical, radiological, and sometimes pathological evaluation to reach at the underlying diagnosis. Disease-modifying therapies are available for a few diseases such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH), and should be considered in patients with progressive or advanced disease. In addition, the management of patients with DCLDs includes prevention and treatment of complications such as spontaneous pneumothorax. This chapter reviews the key aspects of clinical, radiological, and other diagnostic modalities as well as the currently available treatment options that can help physicians in managing DCLD patients.
0013 Community-level prevention for child abuse and neglect

Statement of purpose One in eight children is estimated to experience child abuse and neglect (CAN) before 18 years of age. Ohio has a drug overdose death rate nearly twice that of the United States (19.8 per 100,00). Prior research demonstrates that parents who misuse substances are more likely to engage in abusive and neglectful parenting. However, there is a significant variation in rates of drug overdoses and CAN across neighborhood areas. Therefore, understanding how neighborhood structural characteristics and social processes can impact the relationships between opioid misuse and CAN is pivotal. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of the environmental and social mechanisms that support or hinder maltreating behaviors by caregivers. Methods/Approach In the first phase of this study, to analyze the role of opioid overdoses on CAN, Bayesian space-time models were conducted using data from Ohio’s Statewide Integrated Child Welfare Information System, naloxone administration data obtained by the Ohio Emergency Medical Services Incident Reporting System, and information on opioid dispensing practices from the Ohio Automated Rx Reporting System. We have selected 16 census block groups in Ohio, that have at least 500 children in them (CBGs), providing equal representation from urban, suburban, rural, and Appalachian communities. Each of the 4 regions contributes 2 CBGs with higher (high risk) and lower (low risk) than model-based CAN rates. In the current phase of this study, we are interviewing caregivers residing in the CBGs and key informants who serve those in the CBGs to discuss neighborhood social processes, resources available to families, their view on the impact of the opioid crisis in the community, their view on parenting practices within the community, and sociodemographic variables. Significance We believe that one way of creating and sustaining safer environments for children is to develop CAN prevention efforts that focus on strengthening neighborhood structures and social processes.
Evidence-based practice training in nurse residency programs: Enhancing confidence for practice implementation

Abstract Background Research on evidence-based practice (EBP) training demonstrates effectiveness in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward EBP, but does not consistently result in willingness to implement EBP. Purpose The purpose of this quality improvement project was to examine how EBP training of nurse residents affects their EBP self-efficacy and outcome expectancy. Method A survey of EBP self-efficacy was obtained for a convenience sample of nurses at the beginning, middle and end of their residency program. Results Improved confidence in implementing EBP was demonstrated in posttest self-efficacy scores (M = 182.24; SD = 33.68; p Conclusion In 12-month nurse residency programs providing EBP training, increases in EBP self-efficacy and outcome expectancy were noted as measures positively associated with willingness to implement EBP.
What is an Event and Are We in One

This article describes the temporal and spatial configurations and limitations of the rupture phase of historical events. It does so through a consideration of the intertwined forms and flows of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and the social uprising against police violence targeting African-Americans in the United States. The article argues that these ruptures open up a "double exposure", one that makes problematic conventional categories associated with events, like those of past and future and inside and outside, thus challenging our ability to situate ourselves in relation to such events.
Constructing a Usable Past: Changing Memory Politics in Jasenovac Memorial Museum

This chapter shows how the Europeanisation of Holocaust memory enables contemporary Croatia to preserve and disseminate a long-held narrative of Jasenovac that rejects historical context, perpetrator responsibility, and national identity. By tracing changing memory politics at Jasenovac Memorial Museum (JMM) through its three permanent exhibitions (1968, 1988, and 2006), I show how political actors manipulated the same problematic narrative over time to escape historical responsibility. Most recently, in 2006, the new permanent exhibition of JMM presented a narrative of Jasenovac that divorced victims and perpetrators from their ethnic identities and ignored the concentration camp’s location specific context in favour of greater emphasis on the larger Holocaust narrative, relieving Croatia from negative association with the ustasa or responsibility for crimes committed by the regime. This article shows how “European” memory standards do not necessarily result in the proclaimed aim of dealing with the past or act as a support to reconciliatory efforts. In some cases, these standards continue to assist former Nazi-collaborationist states, like Croatia, to relativise domestic crimes that occurred under state fascist regimes.