cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of gastrointestinal leaks after minimally invasive esophagectomy: conventional treatments vs. endoscopic stenting.

Gastrointestinal leak is a dreaded complication after esophagectomy. Conventional treatments for leak include conservative therapy, surgical reoperation, and even complete gastrointestinal (GI) diversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of endoluminal stenting in the management of esophagogastric leak after esophagectomy. Data on 18 (11.3%) of 160 patients who developed postoperative leaks after minimally invasive esophagectomy were reviewed. Indications for esophagectomy included carcinoma (n = 14), Barrett’s with high-grade dysplasia (n = 3), and benign stricture (n = 1). Neoadjuvant therapy was used in 57.1% of patients with carcinoma. The first nine patients underwent conventional treatments for leak whereas the latter nine patients underwent endoscopic esophageal covered stenting as primary therapy. There were 5 cervical and 13 intrathoracic anastomotic leaks. Main outcome measures included patient characteristics, types of treatment, length of hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. Subjects were 16 males and 2 females with a mean age of 66 years. In the conventional treatment group, leaks were treated with neck drainage (n = 4), GI diversion (n = 2), and thoracoscopic drainage with or without repair or T-tube placement (n = 3). In the endoscopy group, all leaks were treated with endoscopic covered stenting with or without percutaneous drainage (n = 9). Control of leaks occurred in 89% of patients in the conventional treatment group vs. 100% of patients in the endoscopic stenting group. Three patients in the conventional treatment group (33%) required esophageal diversion compared to none of the patients in the endoscopy group. The 60-day or in-hospital mortality was 0% for both groups. In our clinical practice, there has been a shift in the management of esophagogastric anastomotic leaks to nonsurgical therapy using endoscopic esophageal covered stenting. Endoluminal stenting is a safe and effective alternative in the management of GI leaks.
Review: Daily aspirin reduces long-term risk for death due to some types of cancer

Source Citation Rothwell PM, Fowkes FG, Belch JF, et al. Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2011:3...
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Stressor Identification Guidance: A Process for Determining the Probable Causes of Biological Impairments

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has ongoing programs to encourage the evaluation of stream conditions based on biological indicators. Bioassessments reveal impairments but do not identify causes of impairments, a necessary step in the restoration of aquatic life. Furthermore, changes in biological condition are often caused by multiple stressors (chemical, physical, biological). To address this need, the USEPA has developed guidance to identify probable causes of biological impairments in aquatic ecosystems and to provide a structure for organizing the scientific evidence to make a credible case. The concepts and organizational structure of the process have potential applications to most ecoepi-demiological investigations.
The formation of an eccentric gap in a gas disc by a planet in an eccentric orbit

We investigate the effect of a planet on an eccentric orbit on a two-dimensional low-mass gaseous disc. At a planet eccentricity above the planet's Hill radius divided by its semimajor axis, we find that the disc morphology differs from that exhibited by a disc containing a planet in a circular orbit. An eccentric gap is created with eccentricity that can exceed the planet's eccentricity and precesses with respect to the planet's orbit. We find that a more massive planet is required to open a gap when the planet is on an eccentric orbit. We attribute this behaviour to spiral density waves excited at corotation resonances by the eccentric planet. These act to increase the disc's eccentricity and exert a torque opposite in sign to that exerted by the Lindblad resonances. The reduced torque makes it more difficult for waves driven by the planet to overcome viscous inflow in the disc.
Enhanced reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene dense nonaqueous phase liquid with EVO and Mg(OH)2

In situ treatment of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) by enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) can be limited by contaminant toxicity, low pH, and challenges in effectively delivering electron donor. Flushing emulsified vegetable oil (EVO), colloidal Mg(OH)2 buffer, and a bioaugmentation culture (BC) through a zone containing neat tetrachloroethene (PCE) was effective in reducing contaminant toxicity, limiting pH declines, and accelerating bioenhanced dissolution of the DNAPL. In the effluent of porous media columns with little fine material, PCE concentrations reached a maximum of 40-50 times PCE aqueous solubility in water, demonstrating NAPL PCE was distributed throughout the 1.5 m column length. In a column treated with only EVO+BC, reductive dechlorination was limited. However, a single injection of EVO+Mg(OH)2+BC was effective in reducing PCE to below detection for over 400 days with a large increase in Cl(-) and dichloroethene (DCE), accelerating bioenhanced DNAPL dissolution. Dechlorination rates gradually increased over time with the rate of total ethene (TE) release from the Mg(OH)2+EVO+BC column reaching 5-6 times the TE release rate from the EVO+BC column. The accelerated dechlorination was likely due to both Mg(OH)2 addition which limited pH declines from HCl, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and inorganic carbon (IC) production, and formation of a mixed PCE-vegetable oil NAPL which provided a readily accessible electron donor, resulting in rapid PCE degradation with reduced PCE toxicity.
An internet-based intervention to improve mental health and medical compliance in heart transplant recipients

the liver transplant performed prior to the lung transplant (PREVLITX) and 48 with a simultaneous lung and liver transplant (SIMLITX). The indications were cystic fibrosis (CF) in 23 patients, -1-antitrypsin deficiency ( -1) in 4 cases, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) in 5 patients, and various other diagnoses (N 6). Diagnosis was not reported in 16 cases. In 22 patients a heart/lung-liver transplant was performed. Out of the 54 procedures registered a single lung Tx was performed in 22 cases and a bilateral in 32 cases. Survival was computed using the Kaplan-Meier method for transplants performed prior to June 30, 2000: this reduced cohort included 6 transplants in the PREVLITX group and 43 in the SIMLITX group. The overall survival for both groups was 80%, 71%, 64%, 56%, and 56%, respectively, at 1, 3, 12, 36 and 60 months. The survival of the SIMLITX group was 77%, 67%, 59%, 51%, 51% at same time points. Survival for the patients who received a lung Tx after previous liver Tx was 100% at 1 year. Insufficient follow-up was available to compute survival at later time points in this group. The diagnosis groups in this cohort were too small to compare. Albeit the number of all LuLiTx procedures that have been performed worldwide is small, in selected patients this treatment modality seems to lead to survival that is comparable to what is currently achieved following lung transplantation. This strongly suggests that the lung rather than the liver is the organ that limits the long-term survival following combined LuLiTx and it is to be expected that improvements in lung transplantation will also positively impact on the outcome following LuLiTx.
Determination of Reliability Using Event-Based Monte Carlo Simulation

The reliability of a system can be found analytically, given the time-to-failure distribution for each element and the system configuration. Such analysis becomes increasingly difficult as the complexity of a system increases. This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation procedure to estimate the reliability of a complex system with relative ease. A computer program, written in FORTRAN IV G Level code for an IBM 360/65 computer, finds all minimal tie-sets from the system configuration, which is provided as a coded reliability flow graph. Each replication in the simulation involves a search through the minimal tie-sets to identify the success or failure of the system for each value of the required time of satisfactory performance. The reliability of the system is then estimated as a tabulated function of time.
A Portfolio Approach in Lodging Firms’ Investment Behavior: Examining Investment–Disinvestment Interdependency

The investment behavior of lodging firms is not adequately explained by conventional investment models due to the lodging firms’ practice of acquiring some properties while disposing of others. Thi...
Rational Design, Synthesis, Purification, and Activation of Metal-Organic Framework Materials

The emergence of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) as functional ultrahigh surface area materials is one of the most exciting recent developments in solid-state chemistry. Now constituting thousands of distinct examples, MOFs are an intriguing class of hybrid materials that exist as infinite crystalline lattices with inorganic vertices and molecular-scale organic connectors. Useful properties such as large internal surface areas, ultralow densities, and the availability of uniformly structured cavities and portals of molecular dimensions characterize functional MOFs. Researchers have effectively exploited these unusual properties in applications such as hydrogen and methane storage, chemical separations, and selective chemical catalysis. In principle, one of the most attractive features of MOFs is the simplicity of their synthesis. Typically they are obtained via one-pot solvothermal preparations. However, with the simplicity come challenges. In particular, MOF materials, especially more complex ones, can b...
Cytotoxic manifestations of the interaction between hyperthermia and TNF: DNA fragmentation.

The relationship of DNA fragmentation to the greatly enhanced cytotoxicity seen in vitro against tumour cells when recombinant human tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is combined with hyperthermia was investigated. The TNF-α-sensitive L929 and -resistant EMT6 cells were treated with 8·8 and 16 ng of TNF-α per ml, respectively, and then heated at 40·5°C for 24 h (L929) or at 43°C for 1 h (L929) or 1·5 h (EMT-6) beginning 1 h later. For both cell lines at both temperatures, the addition of heating to the TNF-α treatment significantly decreased viability and increased DNA fragmentation at earlier time points than seen with either TNF-α or heat alone. DNA fragmentation was further studied using agarose gel electrophoresis to examine the size distribution of the DNA fragments and the ability of intracellular calcium buffering agents BAPTA and quin-2 to inhibit fragmentation. At 4·5 h after L929 cells were treated with TNF-α at 43°C, the size distribution of DNA fragments more closely resembled the oligonucleoso...
Prospective Elementary Teachers Gone Wild? An Analysis of Facebook Self- Portrayals and Expected Dispositions of Preservice Elementary Teachers

This study was conducted in response to several recent incidents in which teachers and student teachers were reprimanded for content they placed on the Internet. This study examined the Facebook postings of preservice elementary teachers to determine the extent to which these postings are congruent with expected dispositions. Profiles were analyzed to determine the appropriateness of the content, and when inappropriate, the nature of the behavior depicted on the site. Findings indicated that 32% of elementary education majors in this study had an unrestricted profile on Facebook, and only 22% of those profiles were devoid of inappropriate content. These numbers are likely conservative due to other networking sites that may be in use. The nature of the inappropriate behavior is cause for concern for teacher educators who are expected to teach and assess dispositions and who must decide whether or not a prospective teacher is ready for the ethical responsibility of teaching children.
Variation of the refractive indices of CaF2, BaF2 and β-PbF2 with pressure to 7 kb☆

Abstract The variation of the refractive indices of CaF2, BaF2, and β-PbF2 with pressure have been determined for λ 5893 A by Ramachandran's interferometric technique adapted to an optical high-pressure bomb. The refractive index of CaF2 increases linearly with pressure as well as strain, in the pressure range investigated, with a slope of 2·44 × 10 −4 kb . The refractive index of BaF2, on the other hand, increases linearly with pressure with a slope of 6·40 × 10 −4 kb up to 3·5 kb thereafter it increases nonlinearly. However,Δn vs. strain is linear in the entire range of pressure investigated, if the strain is computed by using the nonlinear theory of elasticity. In the case of β-PbF2, the refractive index increases linearly with pressure as well as strain, with a slope of 7·76 × 10 −4 kb up to 4.8 kb when the crystal undergoes an irreversible phase transformation to α-PbF2, the orthorhombic polymorph. The results are interpreted in the light of Mueller's theory of photoelasticity of cubic crystals.
Oceanic Kelvin Waves and the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Abstract The relationship between the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), the dominant mode of intraseasonal variability in the tropical troposphere, and the Kelvin waves that dominate the variability of the equatorial thermocline in the central and eastern Pacific Oceans is explored. The Kelvin waves have period near 70 days, which is distinctly longer than the dominant period of the MJO (40–50 days). Their zonal wavelength is roughly the width of the Pacific basin, which is about twice the zonal scale of the zonal stress anomalies produced by the MJO across the western Pacific. Their eastward phase speed is about 2.3 m s−1, which is indistinguishable from the gravest baroclinic mode using the observed stratification in the Pacific. The stress anomalies that force the Kelvin waves are shown to be associated with the lower-frequency components of the MJO (i.e., periods greater than about 60 days). These stress anomalies move eastward at less than 5 m s−1 from the Indian Ocean to the date line, where their lo...
Summary of Results From the Series 2 and Series 3 NNWSI Bare Fuel Dissolution Tests

The Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI) Project is studying dissolution and radionuclide release behavior of spent nuclear fuel in Nevada Test Site groundwater. Specimens prepared from pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel rod segments were tested for multiple cycles in J-13 well water. The Series 2 tests were run in unsealed silica vessels under ambient hot cell air (25°C) for five cycles for a total of 34 months. The Series 3 tests were run in sealed stainless steel vessels at 25°C and 85°C for three cycles for a total of 15 months. Selected summary results from Series 2 and Series 3 tests with bare fuel specimens are reported. Actinide concentrations tended to saturate and then often decreased during test cycles. Uranium concentrations in later test cycles ranged from 1 to 2 μg/ml in the Series 2 Tests versus about 0.1 to 0.4 μg/ml in Series 3 with the lowest concentrations occurring in the 85°C tests. Formation of a calciumuranium-silicate phase identified as uranophane in the 85°C Series 3 Tests is thought to have limited uranium concentration in these tests. Americium-241, Pu-239 and Pu-240 activities measured in filtered solution decreased to less than 1 pCi/ml in the 85°C tests. Preferential release of fission products Cs, I, Sr and Tc, and activation product C-14, was indicated relative to the actinides. Tc-99 and Cs-137 activities measured in solution after Cycle 1 increased linearly with time, with the rate of increase greater at 85°C than at 25°C. Continuous preferential release of soluble fission products is thought to result primarily from the dissolution of fine particles of fission product phases concentrated on grain boundaries.
Comments on "Optimal estimation of ship&#769;s attitudes and attitude rates" and "Ship motion measurement filter design"

The above papers [ 1 ] and [ 21 give the designer of ship navigation and fire control systems alternate methods of measuring ship’s linear and angular rates. The designer has available from the references several schemes to perform ship motion measurement. The ensuing comments discuss the necessity for more simulation work in order for the designer to make algorithm tradeoff decisions, and the necessity for caution in the use of some of these design techniques. The designer of a measurement system, before choosing an algorithm, would want to investigate the performance of several systems under varying environmental/ship conditions. The P-point moving average technique [ 1 ] is one of many candidate techniques which measures filter residuals and then adapts the fiiter’s computations [3]. Simulation work comparing these residual measurement schemes is necessary for design tradeoff decisions. The technique proposed in [2] when implemented in fixed gain form would be a simple mechanization which would prevent fiiter estimate divergence. Simulation work for
Virgilian (Upper Pennsylvanian) Paleosols in the upper Lawrence Formation (Douglas Group) and its Snyderville Shale Member (Oread Formation, Shawnee Group) of the northern Midcontinent, USA; pedologic contrasts in a cyclothem sequence

ABSTRACT Paleosols in the upper Lawrence Formation and in the Snyderville Shale Member (Virgilian) extend over an estimated area of over 14,000 km2 in Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. These paleosols, both within cyclothems, are: (1) critical indicators of nearly basin wide emergence (peak regression of the Midcontinent seaway) and geomorphic stability, and (2) useful stratigraphic markers. Both paleosols appear to be analogous to modern Vertisols: they have nested, synformal-antiformal sets ( 4-10 m wide) of very large, intersecting slickensides. Also, some profiles of the upper Lawrence paleosol also have filled cracks extending to depths of 100+ cm. There are, however, significant differences between the paleosols: high-chrom coloration, strong preserved soil structure, and small iron oxide nodules (upper Lawrence) versus dominantly low-chroma coloration, weak to very weak preserved soil structure, and pyrite segregations (Snyderville). After a period of widespread subaerial exposure, each paleosol was drowned and slightly eroded by a marine transgression. The upper Lawrence shows a single paleosol across the study area. The paleosol is thickest and best-developed shelfward (northward) and shows topohydrosequence variation at two basinward localities in northeastern Kansas. Stratigraphic trends suggest an appreciable time differential in the south-to-north migration of the Toronto transgression. The Snyderville shows two welded paleosols in southeastern Nebraska and a single one elsewhere in the study area. Elsewhere in the Snyderville, there is local evidence for lowstand incision of streams and small lows that underwent little or no subaerial exposure. Snyderville paleogeography and pedogenesis, however, were markedly different from upper Lawrence paleogeography and pedogenesis. Contrasts between the two paleosols are likely to be rel ted to intercycle changes in geomorphic conditions (driven by patterns of sedimentation, eustasy, and tectonics) and climate.
Type 1 diabetes: exercise and hypoglycemia.

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial demonstrated that tight control of diabetes management greatly reduces the risk of microvascular complications of diabetes. Unfortunately, tight control...
Therapeutic effects from repeated diagnostic doses of I131 in adult and juvenile hyperthyroidism.

TRACER methods with small doses of radioiodine, I131, are commonly used in hyperthyroidism to follow the course of the disease under the influence of a particular therapy. It is generally assumed that these small amounts of isotope in themselves have no physiologic effect. Evidence obtained in this clinic from three directions has indicated that this assumption may not be correct. First, it has been shown that some patients with hyperthyroidism are unusually sensitive to radiation effect from therapeutic doses of I131 (1). This suggests that smaller doses of isotope also may evoke a response. Second, it has been found in one clinic that an occasional remission from thyrotoxicosis may follow ACTH administration (2, 3), whereas this response has not been noted in another clinic (4). The only apparent difference which can be demonstrated between the two investigations is in the use of diagnostic tracer methods with I131. Larger and more frequently repeated doses of I131 have been administered in the former c...
Modeling Yield, Cost, and Quality of a Spare-Enhanced Multicore Chip

It becomes increasingly difficult to achieve a high manufacturing yield for multicore chips due to larger chip sizes, higher device densities, and greater failure rates. By adding a limited number of spare cores and wires to replace defective cores and wires either before shipment or in the field, the effective yield of the chip and its overall cost can be significantly improved. In this paper, we first model the yield of a multicore chip that incorporates both spare cores and spare wires. Then, we propose a quality metric for an NoC, and model the system yield subject to a given quality constraint. We also model the manufacturing and service costs of a multicore chip and show that a spare scheme can significantly improve the quality, increase the yield, reduce the overall cost, and substitute for the burn-in process. We illustrate that, in a spare-enhance system on a chip with high-quality in-field recovery capability, the reliance on high quality manufacturing testing can be significantly reduced. We also demonstrate that the overall quality of a mesh-based NoC depends more on the reliability of the inner links than the outer links; therefore, nonuniform spare wire distribution is sometimes more effective and cost efficient than a uniform approach.
Coaching via cognitive apprenticeship

At Carnegie Mellon's Silicon Valley campus we employ a learn-by-doing educational approach in which nearly all student learning, and thus instruction, is in the context of realistic, team-based projects. Consequently, we have adopted coaching as our predominant teaching model.In this paper we reflect on our experience with the nature of teaching by coaching using a framework derived from Cognitive Apprenticeship, and explain how we employ the techniques it suggests in our teaching. We also discuss a range of instructional tensions that arise in teaching by coaching and present a survey of student attitudes regarding the effectiveness of our approach.
Dynamic Testing & Simulation of 4 KW (5.5 Hp) Switched Reluctance Motor using PSpice

In this paper, the requirement of mechanical model of SR Motor for determination of dynamic characteristic is presented. The PSpice is circuit oriented software package and it is believed that no direct mechanical models are available. Therefore electrical equivalent of mechanical sub systems were used for determination of dynamic characteristics.The variable inductor model is also proposed using voltage controlled component. Index Terms – Switched Reluctance Motor, Dynamic Characteristics, Torque DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v1i1.42
Mentoring Women Surgeons

More women are becoming surgeons. Women bring distinct strengths to surgery. Issues specific to women surgeons must be understood to provide effective mentoring. Male mentors and colleagues must know what is offensive to women surgeons. The American College of Surgeons and the Association of Women Surgeons have established programs to mentor women. Mentors should encourage women surgeons to seek teaching and leadership positions, integrate lifestyle issues, obtain multiple mentors and establish networking contacts.
HETEROGENEITY OF MAIZE CYTOPLASMIC GENOMES AMONG MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASMS

ABSTRACT Maize mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA9s were prepared from normal (fertile) lines or single crosses and from members of the T, C, and S groups of male-sterile cytoplasms. Restriction endonucleases Hin dIII, Bam I, Eco RI, and Sal I were used to restrict the DNA, and the resultant fragments were electrophoresed in agarose gels. The results show that the N (fertile), T, C, and S cytoplasms each contained distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These distinctive patterns were unaffected by nuclear genotype. No evidence of paternal inheritance of mtDNA was observed. Chloroplast DNA (ctDNA) from the N, C, and T cytoplasms was indistinguishable by Hin dIII, Sal I, or Eco RI endonuclease digestion. The S cytoplasm ctDNA, however, was slightly different from that of other cytoplasms, as indicated by a slight displacement of one band in Hin dIII digests. The molecular weight of maize ctDNA was estimated to be as high as 88 x 10 6 . Estimates of the minimum molecular weight of maize mtDNA ranged from 116-131 x 10 6 , but the patterns were to complex for an unambiguous determination. Based on Hin dIII data, a comparison of the molecular weight of mtDNA bands common to the N, T. C, and S cytoplasms suggests that C cytoplasm most closely resembles N cytoplasm. The T and S sources are more divergent from the C and N cytoplasms. These results indicate a possible gradation of relatedness among male-sterile cytoplasms. The marked variation in mtDNA, with apparently less variation in ctDNA, represents circumstantial, but compelling, evidence that mtDNA may be involved in the male sterility and disease susceptibility traits in maize.
The Use of Investment Opportunity Set and Policy Variables as Surrogates for Analysts' Earnings Growth Expectations

This paper examines the association between financial statement variables and expected earnings growth. The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the usefulness of accounting numbers as surrogates or proxies for analysts' expectations of earnings growth. Results indicate that virtually all of the variables selected for this study exhibit highly significant association with analysts' long-term growth expectations. Cross-sectional regression tests suggest that V/A the market-to-book value of assets may be the best available proxy for expected growth. This variable seemed to be superior to R&D intensity size and alternative market-to book measures. Even a constructed proxy incorporating V/A and additional measures did not seem to produce a consistent improvement over V/A alone.
Variation in intestinal transport of L-valine in relation to age.

SummaryWeanling Wistar strain rats were allowed to age and everted intestinal sacs used to measure various parameters of valine transport at 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 40 weeks of age. The rats gained weight at the rate of 25 g/week until 18 weeks of age after which a weight gain of 9 and 4.5 g/week was observed at 24 and 40 weeks, respectively. The ratio of valine in the serosal medium to that in the mucosal medium remained relatively constant during the first 8 weeks after which it fell off precipitously and was only 1/6 its initial level at 40 weeks of age. Net transport of valine fell off in a linear manner between 4 and 18 weeks of age after which it remained at a relatively constant level. At the end of 40 weeks, net transport was 1/7 its initial value. The tissue uptake of valine was reduced 1/3 during the experimental period. The decrease in the transport parameters generally followed the increase in animal weight. The results show the necessity of standardizing the weight or age of the experimental an...
The cell surface of a restrictive fenestrated endothelium. II. Dynamics of cationic ferritin binding and the identification of heparin and heparan sulfate domains on the choriocapillaris.

The location and chemical composition of anionic sites on the endothelium of the choriocapillaris was investigated with cationic ferritin and enzyme digestion techniques. Cationic ferritin administered intravenously initially labeled essentially all fenestral diaphragms. Within 30 min after injection, no diaphrams remained labeled, but they could be relabeled by a second cationic ferritin injection. Following perfusion of cationic ferritin, the entire luminal front of the endothelium was labeled: the plasmalemma and fenestral, vesicle, and channel diaphragms. Perfusion of neuraminidase or chondroitinase did not affect subsequent cationic ferritin binding. In contrast, heparitinase removed anionic sites on all structures except fenestral diaphragms. Cationic ferritin did not mark the endothelium following heparinase digestion. All sites were cleaved with pronase E. These results indicate that heparin is the anionic moiety on fenestral diaphragms while the glycocalcyces of the plasmalemma and vesicle and channel diaphragms are rich in a heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Furthermore, since the heparan sulfate localized to these structures was digested by both heparinase and heparitinase, it is in a form similar to heparin. These findings demonstrate that the endothelium of the choriocapillaris bears cell-surface anionic components that are different than those described for fenestrated endothelia lining other vascular beds.
SHIP WAVES IN SHOALING WATERS

Models of two types of vessels were towed at various speeds in water of uniform depth. On one side of the sailing line the ship waves were allowed to move over beaches of various slopes. The wave heights were measured and compared at two points equidistant from the sailing line— patterns were determined by photographs.
Revisiting Labor Mobility in Innovation Markets

It is now widely asserted that legal regimes that enforce contractual and other limitations on labor mobility deter technological innovation. First, recent empirical studies purport to show relationships between bans on enforcing noncompete agreements, increased employee movement, and increased innovation. We find that these studies misconstrue legal differences across states and otherwise are flawed, incomplete, or limited in applicability. Second, scholars have largely adopted the view that California’s policy against noncompetes promoted Silicon Valley as the world’s leading technology center. By contrast, Massachusetts’ enforcement of noncompetes purportedly stunted innovation in the Route 128 region near Boston. We show that this account is incomplete. During the rise of Silicon Valley, California noncompete law did not as vigorously preclude noncompetes as today and firms could substantially mimic noncompetes through contractual and other instruments. Rather, fundamental technological and economic factors more persuasively account for the rise of Silicon Valley and the Boston area has remained a significant innovation center. There is little compelling ground for the view that barring noncompetes and other limitations on employee mobility promotes innovation.
THINKING ABOUT THE NURSING OF 45 CASES OF CHILDREN WITH SEVERE PNEUMONIA

Objective: To explore the nursing of the children with severe pneumonia. Methods: The clinical data of 45 children with severe pneumonia were analyzed retrospectively in our hospital PICU. Results: After the implementation of effective nursing interventions, the cure rate reached to 91% and good healing effect was achieved. Conclusion: For the children with severe pneumonia, the reasonable nursing measure is a valid method to shorten the course of the disease, reduce complications and increase cure rate.
Cell-surface protein-protein interaction analysis with time-resolved FRET and snap-tag technologies.

Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a proximity-dependent quantum effect that allows the measurement of protein interactions and conformational changes which are invisible to traditional forms of fluorescence or electron microscopy. However, FRET experiments often have difficulty detecting interactions that are transient and localized or occur in low abundance against a large background. This protocol describes a method of improving on the sensitivity and quantifiability of FRET experiments by using time-specific detection to isolate FRET-mediated acceptor emission from cross-talk excitation and all other sources of nonspecific fluorescence background.
Modeling, Analysis and Simulations of a Dynamic Thermoviscoelastic Rod-Beam System

This work models, analyses and simulates a coupled dynamic system consisting of a thermoviscoelastic rod and a linear viscoelastic beam. It is motivated by recent developments in MEMS systems, in particular the “V-shape” electro-thermal actuator that realizes large displacement and reliable contact in MEMS switches. The model consists of a system of three coupled partial differential equations for the beam’s and the rods’ displacements, and the rod’s temperature. Moreover, the rod may come in contact with a reactive foundation at one end, which is the main aspect of the actuating or switching property of the system. The thermal interaction at the contacting end of the rod is described by Barber’s heat exchange condition. The system is analyzed by setting it in an abstract form for which the existence of a weak solution is shown by using tools from the theory of variational inequalities and a fixed point theorem. A numerical algorithm for the system is constructed; its implementation yields computational depiction of the system’s behavior, with emphasis on the combined vibrations of the beam-rod system, dynamic contact force and thermal interaction.
Luteal phase sera and progesterone enhance sperm penetration in the hamster egg assay

The hormonal factors responsible for variation in sperm penetration rates of zona-free hamster ova caused by the use of human sera were investigated. Sera obtained at different times in the menstrual cycle, 17-beta estradiol (E2), or progesterone (P) was added to Biggers Whitten and Whittingham (BWW) medium used for the sperm penetration assay. Luteal phase sera enhanced egg penetration significantly when compared with either follicular or preovulatory sera (48.8% versus 23% and 25%; P
Clinical Settings for Health Care Delivery

The provision of quality medical care for premature infants and children born with congenital anomalies, along with the many social and educational services that have evolved over the last five decades to assure that all children have opportunities for success in life, coupled with the movement of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) out of monolithic institutional settings, has led to a shift in the pattern of health care delivery to the community. Once served in segregated settings, now children and adults with IDD can receive community-based health care included within the generic health care delivery system. While the generic system allows for a variety of options, the challenges faced by individuals with IDD and their families relate to the complex nature of their health care needs coupled with the emotional, social and economic factors that play out in these situations. This brief chapter will outline the trajectory of health care needs across the lifespan and of the way in which the services are configured to meet the needs, by using the example of a single child. It should be noted that this format is designed to orient the reader to the following chapters that address, in more detail, the different aspects of health care needs and health care delivery systems available in the community.
Shedding New Light on the Platelet Storage Lesion

In this issue of ATVB , Chen et al1 report that a monoclonal antibody whose epitope includes the ADAM17 cleavage site in human platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) inhibits GPIbα shedding during platelet storage under blood banking conditions and improves the recovery and survival of platelets in murine platelet transfusion models. See accompanying article on page 1821 The lifespan of circulating endogenous platelets is determined by a combination of random platelet removal and a nonrandom aging mechanism after which senescent platelets are removed by the reticuloendothelial system. At least a portion of platelet senescence is regulated by an intrinsic apoptotic pathway that acts as an internal timer.2,3 Platelets contain members of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family, such as Bcl-xL, as well as the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak.2,4 The half-life of Bcl-xL in platelets is shorter than that of Bak.2,5 Thus, it is likely that as the effect of Bcl-xL declines, a point is reached at which Bak is able to cause platelet apoptosis.3 How apoptosis causes platelet clearance is unknown. Apoptosis causes phosphotidylserine exposure on cell surfaces, a signal for the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells,6 but it remains to be …
Citation Behavior of Advanced Undergraduate Students in the Social Sciences: A Mixed-Method Approach

ABSTRACTCitation analysis is a popular research method in library science, often used to evaluate collections and instructional services. There are multiple advantages to combining citation analysis with qualitative research methods. This article describes a study in which Capstone projects by graduating undergraduate students in the social sciences were examined using both citation analysis and focus groups. The goal of this research was to gain a greater understanding of the types of sources used by advanced undergraduates in the social sciences, the library-provided availability of those sources, and a sense of how these students find, evaluate, and select sources for their Capstone projects. Notable findings include the heavy reliance of students on journal articles and the large influence of professors and other mentors on students' citation behavior.
Leading the Band or Just Playing the Tune? Reassessing the Agenda-Setting Powers of the European Commission:

Setting the political agenda is a critical and usually powerful aspect of policy making. However, the ability to set the agenda, without any significant decision-making powers, can undermine this i...
52. Gorilla Adenovirus Vectors for Molecular Therapeutics and Vaccines

Adenovirus vectors built from gorilla adenovirus are showing superior performance characteristics for molecular vaccines. These new adenovectors (GC Ads) are built from virus isolated from gorilla, and have been cloned and engineered to be replication-defective. GC Ads grow efficiently to high titer on cell lines GenVec has characterized, banked and filed with regulatory agencies for scalable manufacturing. They can be deleted of multiple regions (e.g., E1, E3, and E4) to provide space for multiple transgene cassettes, provide multiple blocks to eliminate replication competent virus and to ensure safer transgene delivery. These new adenovectors have been shown to not be recognized by human sera from either the United States or from Africa. A single intramuscular injection of these GC Ads can induce durable immune responses to encoded antigen. For example, intramuscular injection of GC Ads expressing RSV fusion (F0) glycoprotein induced neutralizing antibody titers that were durable > 24weeks, and protected the lung and nose against RSV challenge at even low doses of immunization in cotton rats. A single intramuscular administration of GC Ads expressing the malaria antigen CSP generated CD8 T cell and antibody responses to CSP that were greater than those generated with Ad5 in mice. In a mouse malaria challenge model the GC Ad regimen was more protective than Ad5. A single intramuscular administration of GC Ads expressing two HSV antigens, UL19 and UL47, resulted in high level cellular responses that were protective against intravaginal HSV2 challenge in mice and the CD8 T cell responses were shown to be durable, 26 weeks. Moreover, repeat administration of the same GC Ad resulted in a boost of antigen-specific immune response. Unlike other adenoviral vectors, homologous prime boost regimens with these GC Ads resulted in a boost of the CD8 T cell responses at all doses and intervals tested. These new GC Ads based on gorilla adenoviruses show generation of strong, durable T cell and neutralizing antibody responses to multiple antigens from a single administration that can be further enhanced by repeat administration. Based on these data, the platform shows great promise for development of a broad array of immunotherapeutic and molecular vaccine product candidates.
Pregnancy Reprograms Large-Conductance Ca 2+ -Activated K + Channel in Uterine Arteries: Roles of Ten-Eleven Translocation Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 1–Mediated Active Demethylation

The large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel is of critical importance in pregnancy-mediated increase in uterine artery vasodilation and blood flow. The present study tested the hypothesis that active DNA demethylation plays a key role in pregnancy-induced reprogramming and upregulation of BKCa channel β1 subunit (BKβ1) in uterine arteries. Uterine arteries were isolated from nonpregnant and near-term pregnant sheep. Pregnancy significantly increased the expression of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) in uterine arteries. A half-palindromic estrogen response element was identified at the TET1 promoter, and estrogen treatment increased TET1 promoter activity and TET1 expression in uterine arteries. In accordance, pregnancy and steroid hormone treatment resulted in demethylation of BKβ1 promoter by increasing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and decreasing 5-methylcytosine at the CpG in the Sp1-380 binding site that is of critical importance in the regulation of the promoter activity and BKβ1 expression. Inhibition of TET1 with fumarate significantly decreased BKβ1 expression in uterine arteries of pregnant animals and blocked steroid hormone-induced upregulation of BKβ1. Functionally, fumarate treatment inhibited pregnancy and steroid hormone-induced increases in BKCa channel current density and BKCa channel-mediated relaxations. In addition, fumarate blocked pregnancy and steroid hormone-induced decrease in pressure-dependent myogenic tone of the uterine artery. The results demonstrate a novel mechanism of estrogen-mediated active DNA demethylation in reprogramming of BKCa channel expression and function in the adaption of uterine circulation during pregnancy.
“Visual Form”: A Reassessment of the Vocabulary in Scientific Psychology

An overview of“visual form” theories and concurrent research is briefly presented. It is demonstrated that terms used are either implicitly defined or that authors employ collections of synonyms. The result is confusion over what is meant by“visual form” within and between groups of theorists and researchers, as well as within specialized areas and the field of vision research in general. This overview is followed by (a) an explanation why“visual form” is presently“undefined,” (b) discrete definitions of historically persistent terms, and (c) a plan for establishing a standardized vocabulary in scientific psychology.
How significant are cultural differences in spatial cognition

In this essay, I critically discuss ideas about cultural differences in spatial cognition. A critique of the traditional empiricist framework for understanding the development of cognitive structures and processes is described. An evolutionary framework is provided as an alternative. The ambiguity between culture-related and culturally caused differences is also elaborated. Reasons for cultural universality in spatial cognition are then considered. With these ideas as background, some aspects of spatial cognition are enumerated that I believe are largely culturally universal. Following that, aspects that may show more significant cultural variability are discussed. In particular, the relationship of spatial language to spatial thought is addressed in some depth. I conclude that cultural differences in spatial cognition are not nearly as substantial as is often claimed. Finally, the extent to which cultural differences in spatial cognition are important for geographic information system (GIS) research and design is considered.
Building Community Leaders in Underserved Communities: An Exploration of the Role of Seed-Funding for Community Projects by Program Graduates

ABSTRACTInvesting in community leadership development (CLD) remains a strategy with promise in creating vibrant communities. Although many low-income CLD programs teach effective leadership skills, these often lay fallow due to lacking opportunities for graduates to apply the skills. This study explores how providing competitive minigrants fuels the creation of value-adding community projects. In-depth interviews were conducted with 55 graduates of a low-income CLD program, 19 facilitators, and 12 community members knowledgeable about the program. The study observed that by providing seed money for graduate projects, CLD programs can help translate skills into practice thereby increasing community engagement and socio-economic wellbeing.
The PDE4 cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterases: Targets for Drugs with Antidepressant and Memory-Enhancing Action.

The PDE4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are essential regulators of cAMP abundance in the CNS through their ability to regulate PKA activity, the phosphorylation of CREB, and other important elements of signal transduction. In pre-clinical models and in early-stage clinical trials, PDE4 inhibitors have been shown to have antidepressant and memory-enhancing activity. However, the development of clinically-useful PDE4 inhibitors for CNS disorders has been limited by variable efficacy and significant side effects. Recent structural studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of the molecular configuration of PDE4 enzymes, especially the “long” PDE4 isoforms that are abundant in the CNS. The new structural data provide a rationale for the development of a new generation of PDE4 inhibitors that specifically act on long PDE4 isoforms. These next generation PDE4 inhibitors may also be capable of targeting the interactions of select long forms with their “partner” proteins, such as RACK1, β-arrestin, and DISC1. They would therefore have the ability to affect cAMP levels in specific cellular compartments and target localized cellular functions, such as synaptic plasticity. These new agents might also be able to target PDE4 populations in select regions of the CNS that are implicated in learning and memory, affect, and cognition. Potential therapeutic uses of these agents could include affective disorders, memory enhancement, and neurogenesis.
Creating Pseudocolored Images in Photoshop

The method for creating pseudocolor in Photoshop can be done in few steps, but the image will not be colored in the conventional way. The conventional means for producing pseudocolor comes by using a look up table (LUT). This LUT is an overlay for making a range of colors according to choices provided by the software. The colors are matched to levels of brightness and darkness in the image (grayscale pixel values), typically from a short to long wavelengths. In that scenario, violet colors are matched to the black and near-black pixels and red to those dose to absolute white. Blue, yellow, green and orange become the mid-range pixel values.
Prejudiced Places: How Contexts Shape Inequality and How Policy Can Change Them:

Psychological theories often locate the problem of prejudice within people. However, prejudice stems from both people and places. Prejudiced contexts are places with predictable, systematic inequal...
Predicting the quality of powders for inhalation from surface energy and area.

Purpose. To correlate the surface energy of active and carrier components in an aerosol powder to in vitro performance of a passive dry powder inhaler.