cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benefits of developing a collaborative, outcomes-based specialty pharmacy program.

Purpose The benefits of developing a collaborative, outcomes-based specialty pharmacy program are described. Summary With the implementation of risk-based payment models and the rapid growth of specialty pharmacy spend, opportunities exist to establish collaborative and outcomes-focused specialty pharmacy contracts and related programs with regional third-party payers. University of Wisconsin (UW) Health and Unity Health Plans Insurance Corporation have established a contract that sets standards for patient management, pharmacist training and education, electronic medical record documentation, and prescription fulfillment for patients receiving specialty pharmaceuticals. Reporting on metrics of compliance, persistence, and outcomes relative to published benchmarks is required annually. While the contract defines patients by the traditional metric of specialty medication use and includes reimbursement for dispensing activities, it differentiates itself by establishing core services and longitudinal practice expectations for patient care rather than focusing on reimbursement for prescription fulfillment. While it focuses on specialty pharmacy practice, the contract provides an ancillary benefit to all patients using UW Health pharmacies by elevating ambulatory care pharmacy practice standards and improving the patient care process. Conclusion The collaborative development of practice standards, service requirements, and patient management protocols offers the rapid elevation of specialty pharmacy services, which provides significant differentiation within the highly competitive specialty pharmacy and third-party payer marketplaces.
Synthesis of a [18F]‐labeled ceritinib analogue for positron emission tomography of anaplastic lymphoma kinase, a receptor tyrosine kinase, in lung cancer

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), an oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase, has emerged as a therapeutic target in solid and hematologic tumors. Although several ALK inhibitors have gained recent approval for therapy, non-invasive indicators of target engagement or for use as predictive biomarkers in vivo are lacking. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a radiolabeled analogue of the ALK inhibitor ceritinib, [(18)F]fluoroethyl-ceritinib ([(18)F]-FEC), for use with positron emission tomography. We used two methods to synthesize [(18)F]-FEC. First, [(18)F]fluoroethyl-tosylate was prepared, coupled with ceritinib, and the product purified to yield [(18)F]-FEC. Alternatively, a precursor compound was synthesized, directly fluorinated with (18)F-fluoride, and purified to yield [(18)F]-FEC. The first method produced [(18)F]-FEC with an average decay-corrected yield of 24% (n = 4), specific activity of 1200 mCi/µmol, and >99% purity; synthesis time was 115 min from the end of bombardment. The second method produced [(18)F]-FEC with an average yield of 7% (n = 4), specific activity of 1500 mCi/µmol, and >99% purity; synthesis time was 65 min from the end of bombardment. The synthesis of a novel (18)F-labeled analogue of ceritinib has been achieved in acceptable yields, at high purity, and with high specific activity. The compound is a potential positron emission tomography imaging agent for the detection of ALK-overexpressing solid tumors such as lung cancer.
An Elastic Plastic Contact Model with Strain Hardening for the LAMMPS Granular Package

The following details the implementation of an analytical elastic plastic contact model with strain hardening for normal im pacts into the LAMMPS granular package. The model assumes that, upon impact, the co llision has a period of elastic loading followed by a period of mixed elastic plas tic loading, with contributions to each mechanism estimated by a hyperbolic seca nt weight function. This function is implemented in the LAMMPS source code as the pair style gran/ep/history. Preliminary tests, simulating the pouring of pure nickel spheres, showed the elastic/plastic model took 1.66x as long as similar runs using gran/hertz/history.
The African-specific S47 polymorphism of p53 alters chemosensitivity

The TP53 protein is known to affect the sensitivity of tumor cells to cell death by DNA damaging agents. We recently reported that human and mouse cells containing an African-specific coding region variant of p53, Pro47Ser (hereafter S47), are impaired in the transactivation of a small subset of p53 target genes including GLS2 and SCO2, and are markedly resistant to cisplatin. Further, mice containing this variant are markedly predisposed to cancer. Together these findings suggested that cancer-affected humans with the S47 variant might not be effectively treated with cisplatin. To more directly test this premise, we created transformed derivatives of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) containing wild type p53 (WT) and the S47 variant and analyzed them for chemosensitivity. We find that transformation with E1A and Ras actually reverses the chemosensitivity/transcriptional differences between WT p53 and S47. Specifically, E1A/Ras-transformed S47 cells show increased sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel, and comparable transactivation of GLS2 and SCO2, compared to cells with WT p53. These data suggest that the functional differences between WT p53 and S47 in primary cells may not hold true for transformed cells. They also offer hope that cisplatin and paclitaxel may be effective chemotherapeutic drugs for S47 individuals with cancer.
Adult Status Epilepticus: A Review of the Prehospital and Emergency Department Management

Seizures are a common presentation in the prehospital and emergency department setting and status epilepticus represents an emergency neurologic condition. The classification and various types of seizures are numerous. The objectives of this narrative literature review focuses on adult patients with a presentation of status epilepticus in the prehospital and emergency department setting. In summary, benzodiazepines remain the primary first line therapeutic agent in the management of status epilepticus, however, there are new agents that may be appropriate for the management of status epilepticus as second- and third-line pharmacological agents.
A graph model for generating simulated web domains.

Modeling web connectivity using web graphs has attracted a lot of commercial and research interests for many years. A realistic and accurate web graph model that captures not only the main features and the underlying structure of the web or a portion of the web has yet to be proven to exist. Such a model is essential and important for designing and testing more effective web search, crawling, and community discovery algorithms. Our p-clique decomposition algorithm supports a new graph model that simulates web domains. The experimental results show that the resulting graph model captures the underlying structure and the main features of web domains. Our p-clique algorithm is shown to be more effective than other widely used pclique decomposition functions.
Transforming Authenticity of Cultural Products: A Case Study of Comic Characters

Corporate media ownership facilitates the licensing of cultural products for multiple uses. The authenticity of a cultural form, including those included in comic books, has changed through the transformation of the original comic book characters. Moreover, those transformations may engage us more through this evolution from authenticity to transforming character. In the context of Disney’s merger with Marvel Comics in 2009, was the authenticity of popular comic characters’ original visual images transformed by reproduction in other media forms? This study explored potential transformations of the original image of the Marvel Comics character Wolverine in diverse media formats, as well as the possibility of shifting its authenticity through recreations or infantilization to appeal to different audiences.
iSchools & the iSchool at Syracuse University

An overview of the origin, development, and current status of the iSchool movement—both the organization which began as the iSchool Caucus, which now leads the much larger iSchool Organization, as well as the profile of one particular iSchool—the School of Information Studies at Syracuse University, in Syracuse, New York. As the rate of change in who, how, when, and where information is being sought and produced is both evolving and accelerating, along with the need for reliable, high quality information, the demands on the information professions are both challenging and exciting. Today, the iSchool Organization is comprised of 55 leading iSchools, from 17 countries, spanning 4 continents, and is actively working with additional top-ranked Schools of Library and/or Information Science in multiple other universities and countries who are interested in joining. The iSchool at Syracuse, which was one of the original members of “Gang of Three” that conceived of a membership organization to promote the information profession, is presented with detail on programs, particularly their most recent focuses on social media, data science, and information entrepreneurship.
Creating a Clinical Nutrition Registry: Prospects, Problems, and Preliminary Results

Abstract There is a tremendous gap in the information available to support the practice of hospital-based dietitians and to address the issue of how the risk of developing protein-energy malnutrition can be avoided in the majority of patients. This article describes the rationale and benefits of creating a nutrition registry of within-hospital clinical nutrition care. A nutrition registry is made up of observational data, collected on an ongoing basis, of nutritional interventions provided to hospitalized patients. It is the first step in data gathering to demonstrate the effectiveness of clinical nutrition interventions. The methods and preliminary results of a nutrition registry that was established at The University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Ill, are presented. Using subjective global assessment, 55% (257 of 467) of patients at admission and 60% (280 of 467) of patients at discharge were moderately or severely malnourished. Patients that were normal nourished at admission and became moderately or severely malnourished had higher hospital charges ($40,329 for moderately malnourished patients, $76,598 for severely malnourished patients) than those that remained normal nourished ($28,368). This pattern held independent of admission nutritional status. Major challenges in implementation of a registry into the responsibilities of the staff dietitian are reviewed. The conclusion of this study is that nutrition registries can be established and will provide the much needed baseline data to document the impact of nutrition interventions on outcomes of medical care. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999;99:467–470.
Accounting for the human factor

One of the greatest sources of uncertainty about future climate change is the path greenhouse gas emissions will take. Now research using a coupled model of human behaviour and climate finds that individual behaviour can significantly alter emissions trajectories and global temperature.
Markerless augmented reality technology for real-space basketball simulation

For years simulation has been used in sport field for various purposes such as entertaining, training and others. One of the technologies that expected to contribute in sport simulation is immersive technology such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR). This paper introduced the exploration of Markerless Mobile AR application for Basketball Simulation. In this paper, the author showed that the virtual content that blend naturally with the real space could present a simulation solution that close to the real field experience and it is critical point for sport simulation.
Rolling Shutter and Radial Distortion are Features for High Frame Rate Multi-camera Tracking

Traditionally, camera-based tracking approaches have treated rolling shutter and radial distortion as imaging artifacts that have to be overcome and corrected for in order to apply standard camera models and scene reconstruction methods. In this paper, we introduce a novel multi-camera tracking approach that for the first time jointly leverages the information introduced by rolling shutter and radial distortion as a feature to achieve superior performance with respect to high-frequency camera pose estimation. In particular, our system is capable of attaining high tracking rates that were previously unachievable. Our approach explicitly leverages rolling shutter capture and radial distortion to process individual rows, rather than entire image frames, for accurate camera motion estimation. We estimate a per-row 6 DoF pose of a rolling shutter camera by tracking multiple points on a radially distorted row whose rays span a curved surface in 3D space. Although tracking systems for rolling shutter cameras exist, we are the first to leverage radial distortion to measure a per-row pose - enabling us to use less than half the number of cameras required by the previous state of the art. We validate our system on both synthetic and real imagery.
Variation in post-thaw sperm quality of white-tailed deer bucks (Odocoileus virginianus) during rut.

Abstract White-tailed deer farming is a growing industry in the United States, with breeding operations contributing significantly to the industry’s economic impact. Artificial insemination with frozen semen allows for selection and dissemination of valuable genetics, yet surprisingly little is known regarding the best time throughout rut to perform semen cryopreservation. The objective of this study was to compare semen quality following cryopreservation of white-tailed deer bucks collected early in the breeding season (September, n = 6), at peak rut (December, n = 8), and late season (March, n = 7). We hypothesized that post-thaw semen quality would be enhanced at peak rut. Mature bucks were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam and xylazine administered intramuscularly via projector. Semen was collected by electroejaculation and cryopreserved using Optixcell extender. Overall and progressive sperm motilities were assessed for each sample before and after cryopreservation using a computer-aided sperm analyzer. Flow cytometry was used for post-thaw assessment of sperm viability (SYBR-14/PI), acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA/PI), and DNA stability (acridine orange). Analysis of variance was applied to normalized data using a general linear mixed model with buck ID as a random variable, and a Tukey HSD test was performed as needed for post-hoc analysis. Pre-freeze overall and progressive sperm motilities were lowest in March, intermediate in September, and highest in December (p ≤ 0.04). Post-thaw overall and progressive motilities were lowest in September (p ≤ 0.02), but did not differ between December and March (p ≥ 0.12). The DNA Fragmentation Index was lowest in December, intermediate in September, and highest in March (p ≤ 0.05). The percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane was higher in December than September (p
Pain Relief After Outpatient Surgery

Day surgery is a common source of signifi cant pain for children. A combination of opioids, NSAIDs, and regional anesthetic techniques are available to provide comfort post-operatively. Regardless of what is provided in the hospital or surgery center, the patients will need pain care at home. Awareness of the techniques available to children in the operating room can help the primary care physician counsel parents to help them better advocate for their child when they arrive for surgery. Knowing the probable pitfalls in postoperative care that can occur at home can help the parents keep ahead of the pain, and avoid unnecessary complications. The preoperative visit is an excellent time in which to educate the family for the day of surgery.
Contextual Factors in Recovery from Brain Damage

I would like to discuss some general concepts of neuroplasticity and behavior, and the relationship of this plasticity to the development and organization of the central nervous system. I will also address the issue of what neural plasticity means for understanding rehabilitation from brain injury in its broadest context. I believe that before one can examine the question of providing “rehabilitation” from a neurological or psychological perspective, it is important to examine some of the physiological substrates that can account for the different kinds of ‘plasticity’ that are manifest in the nervous system. However, it should be emphasized that just because the CNS has the potential to function a certain way, does not necessarily mean that organismic and environmental conditions will always be available to operate in the most effective and adaptive manner.
Social Commerce: An Empirical Examination of the Antecedents and Consequences of Commerce in Social Network Platforms

This paper studies a pioneering venture of integrating e-business with social network platforms and seeks to understand the antecedents and consequences of “social commerce”. In particular, we conduct an econometric analysis examining how the characteristics of the users and their social networks affect their decision to participate in this novel service. Based on the empirical results, we find that the social neighbors of the users and their economic behavior, the brand loyalty of the users, and their familiarity with the platform have significant effects on the likelihood of social purchases. Additionally, we build predictive models in order to both identify the effective disseminators of information and discover their distinguishing characteristics. Finally, we both contribute to the related literature, discovering new rich findings, and provide actionable insights with major implications for brands and marketers who would like to generate direct sales on social network platforms and orchestrate wordof-mouth.
THE DESIGN OF THE TWO-YEAR ASSOCIATE DEGREE CURRICULUM FOR TRAINING SOLAR ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS

ABSTRACT The expansion of the solar industry in the United States will depend upon the availability of trained technical personnel who can design, install and maintain solar systems. A project is underway to develop the curriculum that will be used in training solar engineering technicians. The final product of this effort will be a complete curriculum package, including support courses, technical courses, staffing patterns, bibliographies, laboratory requirements and projected instructional cost. This paper deals with the philosophy of the curriculum development, the identification of student and teacher qualifications, the design of the format for technical courses and identification of the support and technical courses for the curriculum.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE HALO DIGITAL GONIOMETER FOR SHOULDER RANGE OF MOTION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS.

Background Range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder is an integral component of assessment of musculoskeletal shoulder impairments. ROM is typically measured using a universal goniometer (UG). The UG has demonstrated good intra and inter-rater reliability for measuring shoulder ROM, although limitations exist. In recent years, alternative measurement devices such as smartphone applications and digital goniometers have been introduced, potentially addressing some of the shortcomings of the UG. Limited research is available on the validity and reliability of these alternative devices, including the laser-guided digital goniometer, in measuring shoulder ROM.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of a laser-guided digital goniometer (HALO) for measuring active shoulder ROM. Methods A convenience sample of healthy volunteers was recruited. To be eligible, participants were required to be between 18 and 75 years of age and able to actively move at least one shoulder into 90 ° of glenohumeral abduction. Self-report of previous significant shoulder injury; previous shoulder surgery; current bilateral shoulder pain; current neck or upper back pain; or referred pain into the upper extremity were exclusion criteria. Active shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation were measured for each shoulder. Two evaluators measured each motion twice with each device (HALO and the UG) per shoulder. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for reliability and validity/agreement between devices was calculated using a two-way mixed model with a 95% confidence interval. Results Data were analyzed for 75 shoulders from 41 participants (seven participants had only one shoulder evaluated). Intra-rater reliability ICCs are between 0.82 and 0.91 for the HALO, and 0.83 to 0.95 for the UG. Inter-rater reliability for the HALO was 0.89 to 0.98 and for the UG was 0.90 to 0.98. The ICCs for agreement, comparing the HALO digital goniometer to the UG ranged from 0.79 to 0.99. Conclusion This study provides evidence that the HALO digital goniometer can be a reliable and valid tool for measuring shoulder ROM in individuals with healthy shoulders. However, the two devices should not be used interchangeably to evaluate a single individual's change over time for any motion. Level of evidence Diagnostic Study (clinical measurement), Level 2b.
Surgical resection and postoperative radiosurgery versus staged radiosurgery for large brain metastases.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the new treatment paradigm of staged stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of large brain metastases (BM) compared to the standard of surgical resection followed by SRS. We evaluated 78 patients with large BM treated 2012–2017 with surgical resection and postoperative SRS (surgery + SRS) or staged SRS separated by 1 month. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan Meier method and compared across groups using the log-rank test. Cumulative incidence of neurologic death and local and distant brain failure (LF, DBF) were estimated using competing risk methodology. Forty patients were treated with surgery + SRS and 38 patients were treated with staged SRS. Median follow-up was 23.2 months (95% CI 20.5–39.3). Median OS was 13.2 months for staged SRS compared to surgery + SRS 9.7 months (p = 0.53). Cumulative incidence of neurologic death at 1 year was 23% after surgery + SRS, 27% after staged SRS (p = 0.69); cumulative incidence of LF at 1 year was 6% and 8% (p = 0.65) and 1-year DBF was 59% and 21% (p ≤ 0.01). Overall rates of leptomeningeal failure and radiation necrosis were similar between the groups (p = 0.63 and p = 1.0). Though surgery and postoperative SRS is the standard, staged SRS represents an attractive treatment paradigm for treating large BM without sacrificing LC or survival, and potentially decreases DBF. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
Do the Right Task! Supporting Volunteers Timetabling with Preferences Through the Sponsor Platform

Sponsor is an AAL project that aims at developing, testing and implementing an ICT platform to facilitate the posting, browsing and exchange of key information between competence-offering seniors and search-based requests from competence-demanding organizations within the public, private and voluntary sectors. This paper describes a specific aspect addressed in developing a pilot for the project dedicated to volunteering associations support. Very important when dealing with volunteers is their assignment to the right activities not only suitable for their capabilities but also for their current wishes. The paper describes a complete prototype called SponsorT developed to support a volunteering organisation called Televita. SponsorT helps managers to better allocate different activities to the volunteers with the overall aims to find the more suitable match in terms of aptitude and personal inclinations. Attention is given to the description of the end-to-end aspects of the prototyped application from the problem definition to its day by day use.
A clinician's workstation for improving laboratory use. Integrated display of laboratory results.

Physicians are often forced to make decisions about the use of laboratory resources without adequate access to earlier results and related supporting information. Less than optimal use of the laboratory may result. The authors developed and deployed a clinical workstation meant to provide ready access to laboratory information that is presented in a format well-matched to the patient monitoring task. The workstation was one element of a multifaceted effort to improve blood component use in adult and pediatric bone marrow transplantation units. It was the sole intervention focused on improving laboratory testing. In the 2 years since the introduction of the workstation, median charges of bone marrow transplantation cases for laboratory tests fell by 32%. This reduction in charges has been maintained for 2 years. Better informed physicians appear to use laboratory resources more sparingly.
Tokens of interaction: psycho-physiological signals, a potential source of evidence of digital incidents

As part of a computing network, the human factor is a key component with high cognitive responsiveness to their environment. Cognitive responsiveness manifests as psycho-physiological signal change. With the proliferation of devices that measure and record psycho-physiological signal devices in user space, an opportunity arises to harness human cognitive functioning for potential cybersecurity applications. This research investigates how the electrical signals generated from the functioning of the body, respond to human interaction with digital Incidents. If we can find that response-related signal changes are consistently notable, and we can locate these response-related changes within recorded signal with an accuracy that is greater than chance, then we can claim that psycho-physiological signals contain markers of digital incidents. Applications of these markers include: triangulation of other evidence in digital investigation, input to cybersafety management tools for regulating immersive digital experiences for locked-in individuals.
Impact of secondary donor units on the excited-state properties and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) efficiency of pentacarbazole-benzonitrile emitters.

The performance of organic light-emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters depends on the efficiency of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) processes, which are promoted by a small energy gap between the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states and large spin–orbit couplings. Recently, it was proposed that the introduction of secondary donor units into 2,3,4,5,6-penta(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzonitrile (5CzBN) can significantly increase the mixing between triplet states with charge-transfer (CT) and local-excitation characteristics and consequently increase the spin–orbit couplings. Here, the results of long-range corrected density functional theory calculations show that the main impact on the RISC rates of substituting 5CzBN with secondary donors is due to a decrease in adiabatic singlet–triplet energy gaps and intramolecular reorganization energies rather than to a change in spin–orbit couplings. Our calculations underline that at least two singlet and three triplet excited states contribute to the ISC/RISC processes in 5CzBN and its derivatives. In addition, we find that in all emitters, the lowest singlet excited-state potential energy surface has a double-minimum shape.
Developmentally regulated alternative splicing of transcripts from the Drosophila homeotic gene Antennapedia can produce four different proteins.

Abstract Antennapedia (Antp) is a Drosophila homeotic gene that controls differentiation of the thoracic segments. Antp transcripts are produced from either of two promoters that are independently regulated in temporally and spatially distinct patterns. In addition, Antp transcripts utilize either of two major polyadenylation sites. Antp primary transcripts contain the same protein coding sequences. Alternative RNA splicing at two positions within the primary transcripts produces mRNAs that can encode four slightly different Antp proteins. Different classes of alternatively spliced transcript predominate early and late in Drosophila development, indicating that the Antp gene is regulated by the processing of its transcripts as well as by controlling their transcription. Alternative splicing appears to be independent of which promoter and which polyadenylation site is used.
The Freedom of Speech: Talk and Slavery in the Anglo-Caribbean World

This latest monograph by Miles Ogborn perfectly illustrates the current renaissance in research on the colonial Caribbean. Scholars applying innovative approaches have been able to elicit understan...
The association between relationship strain and emotional well-being among older adult couples: the moderating role of social connectedness

The present study examines the moderating role of social connectedness (i.e. closeness, talk frequency, social network size, and neighborhood social ties) in the association between one’s own and s...
Quality Assurance in Frozen Section

The value of real-time intraoperative consultation in pathology, while impacted by practice changes in multiple subspecialty areas, is based in a high level of accuracy for specific diagnostic questions that can be produced with a reasonable turnaround time. Multiple studies have supported a low rate of false-negative results and an even lower rate of false-positive diagnostic interpretative errors. It is also evident that deferral rates – that is, inconclusive results – depend on the specimen mix and types of diagnostic questions being asked. Identification of diagnostic pitfalls through quality assurance reviews of these discrepancies can provide crucial education to the frozen section pathologist to help further reduce error. In this regard, an active quality assurance program is needed for individual peer performance, for identification of trends with institution-specific benchmarks, and for process improvement within pathology workflow as well as for utilization review for surgery. The extension of frozen section to include remote robotic pathology and whole slide imaging also requires careful determination of quality parameters with monitoring of accuracy. Such programs are also important for evaluation of anatomic pathology divisions during external inspections.
Classification of Non-malignant Portal Vein Thrombosis

When thrombosis of the portal vein occurs, a wide range of symptoms and clinical consequences can be seen. Management decisions can be especially challenging, as much of the research on portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has been performed on heterogeneous populations of patients, often with varying degrees of underlying liver dysfunction, portal hypertension, and clot burden. In this setting, a standardized classification of PVT is especially appealing. While no universally accepted classification system currently exists, multiple systems have been proposed over the years.
An algorithmic view of $\ell_2$ regularization and some path-following algorithms.

We establish an equivalence between the $\ell_2$-regularized solution path for a convex loss function, and the solution of an ordinary differentiable equation (ODE). Importantly, this equivalence reveals that the solution path can be viewed as the flow of a hybrid of gradient descent and Newton method applying to the empirical loss, which is similar to a widely used optimization technique called trust region method. This provides an interesting algorithmic view of $\ell_2$ regularization, and is in contrast to the conventional view that the $\ell_2$ regularization solution path is similar to the gradient flow of the empirical loss.New path-following algorithms based on homotopy methods and numerical ODE solvers are proposed to numerically approximate the solution path. In particular, we consider respectively Newton method and gradient descent method as the basis algorithm for the homotopy method, and establish their approximation error rates over the solution path. Importantly, our theory suggests novel schemes to choose grid points that guarantee an arbitrarily small suboptimality for the solution path. In terms of computational cost, we prove that in order to achieve an $\epsilon$-suboptimality for the entire solution path, the number of Newton steps required for the Newton method is $\mathcal O(\epsilon^{-1/2})$, while the number of gradient steps required for the gradient descent method is $\mathcal O\left(\epsilon^{-1} \ln(\epsilon^{-1})\right)$. Finally, we use $\ell_2$-regularized logistic regression as an illustrating example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed path-following algorithms.
Growth without Commercialization: Regional Patterns in Participation Rates and Media Coverage

The previous chapter dovetails into this chapter, where I examine the relationship between the framing of disc golf in the news media and its popularity across the fifty United States. News organizations in states with higher levels of disc golf participation produce higher volumes of disc golf coverage and more favorable framing of the sport than news organizations in states with lower levels of participation. However, measures of the sport’s commercialization, such as stories about past tournaments and references to private companies like Innova and Discraft, did not change over time and were not correlated with regional participation patterns. This chapter suggests that non-normative sports may develop through two processes: One driven primarily by large investments and mass-market commercialization, and one that relies more on public resources and grassroots efforts to grow the sport.
Survey on Discrete Surface Ricci Flow

Ricci flow deforms the Riemannian metric proportionally to the curvature, such that the curvature evolves according to a nonlinear heat diffusion process, and becomes constant eventually. Ricci flow is a powerful computational tool to design Riemannian metrics by prescribed curvatures. Surface Ricci flow has been generalized to the discrete setting. This work surveys the theory of discrete surface Ricci flow, its computational algorithms, and the applications for surface registration and shape analysis.
EQUAL POLITICAL LIBERTIES

Formal guarantees of political equality are compatible with inequalities in the value of political liberties, as individuals may convert their socioeconomic advantages into political advantages. Perhaps the predominant strategy for limiting substantive political inequalities recommends limiting inequalities in the means of acquiring political power for private gain – most notably, economic means. I express a worry that measures instituted to restrict economic inequalities may do more to frustrate the cause of political equality than to further it. I argue that attempts to decrease individuals' means to capture political power will systematically increase their motives to capture political power.
Scaling in wall-bounded shear turbulence

Large eddy simulations of wall turbulence require the understanding of scaling laws close to the wall. In this paper, we show how scaling laws for the fluctuating velocity near the wall can be derived through the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). More precisely, the fluctuating velocity, when decomposed into POD modes in the wall-normal direction, exhibits a cascade of energy toward small scales similar to the Kolmogorov energy cascade in homogeneous turbulence. More precisely, the flow is organized into families of modes. Within each family, all modes can be deduced from one another by stretching (i.e. scaling) symmetry. The spectral corresponding energy follows a well-defined decay law as the length scales are decreased. A fundamental difference between POD modes and other standard orthogonal functions such as Fourier modes, Tchebichev polynomials, etc. is the derivation of the modes themselves. We show here that POD modes of a turbulent channel flow can be well approximated by a Sturm-Liouville system.
Monitoring of Blood Flow and Hemoglobin Oxygenation

The primary means of supplying nutrition and oxygen to the skin is the microvasculature. This same network of vessels also plays a key role in wound repair and thermoregulation. Because of this, reliable measures of cutaneous blood flow are necessary for a variety of pharmacological and physiological studies [1], and also for a number of direct clinical applications, including evaluating skin blood flow reserve in diabetic patients [2], assessing cutaneous flow in patients suffering from hypertriglyceridemia [3], determining vascular resistance for the differential diagnosis of vascular disease [4], investigating the effects of locally applied pressure on the development of pressure ulcers [5], studying the changes in blood flow following burns [6], and assessing the changes in the microvascular blood flow dynamics associated with photodynamic therapy [7]. From a historical perspective, there have been numerous approaches for measuring blood flow and inferring perfusion (the product of the scalar flow velocity and the concentration of red blood cells in the probed area). In general, these approaches can be divided into two categories: laser Doppler velocimetry techniques (both point and scanning approaches) and laser speckle techniques. The distinction between the two categories may be somewhat artificial; however, for ease of discussion we will maintain this classification. The assessment of oxygen saturation of skin has been used in the monitoring of edema and erythema [8], in the demarcation of certain skin lesions and tumors [9, 10], including the evolution of Kaposis sarcoma (KS) [11], and for monitoring the progress of skin ulcers [12, 13]. Near-infrared imaging spectroscopy [14] was used to obtain maps of oxygen saturation of thermal burns and to separate superficial from deep burns, while other groups showed that SO2 can be used to quantify skin inflammation due to an irritant [15]. Finally, SO2 was shown to be a metric of interest when assessing the onset of autonomic dysreflexia [16]. The experimental methodologies mentioned utilize the time averages of skin SO2, thus implying that the arterial, venous, and capillary SO2, can be lumped into one unique number (reported SO2 values vary
Pulse-recovery studies on cycloheximide-insensitive protein synthesis in Neurospora. Association of products with cytochrome-oxidase.

The effects of cycloheximide on cytoplasmic protein synthesis in Neurospora are reversible. In these experiments, the products of mitochondrial protein synthesis were labeled in vivo in the presence of cycloheximide; analyses were made of the size distribution and enzyme association of these products as the cells recovered from cycloheximide inhibition. In cells harvested immediately after a 20-min cycloheximide pulse, four protein species of high specific activity were resolved in polyacrylamide gels of mitochondrial protein electro-phoresed in the presence of 1% sodium dodecylsulfate. Only small amounts of labeled protein were found to co-purify with cytochrome oxidase isolated from these cells. In cells harvested after two to three hours of recovery from cycloheximide inhibition, three of the four original labeled peaks remain in whole mitochondrial protein. These peaks correspond precisely in gel mobility to the three highest-molecular-weight protein species associated with cytochrome oxidase, species which are heavily labeled in enzyme preparations from recovery cultures. These gel patterns can be obtained only when the preparations are treated with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, an inhibitor of protease activity. The results obtained are discussed in terms of an assembly process in which the major stable products of mitochondrial protein synthesis become integrated into the cytochrome oxidase complex only when cytoplasmically-made components are available for assembly.
Immunolocalization of cytoplasmic dynein to lysosomes in cultured cells

Polyclonal antisera have been raised against cytoplasmic dynein purified from calf brain and rat testis. These antibodies reacted most strongly with the 74 kDa dynein intermediate chain, but also recognized the 410 kDa heavy chain, and the 150 and 45 kDa polypeptides previously observed to copurify with cytoplasmic dynein from rat tissues. Localization studies were performed by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using a fibroblast cell line. Dynein-specific staining appeared vesicular, distributed throughout the cell, but more concentrated near the nucleus. Double-labeling studies using fluorescent markers for membranous organelles indicated a co-localization of dynein with lysosomes. The distribution of the dynein-positive lysosomes was disrupted by treatment of the cells with microtubule-active drugs, and by acidification of the cytoplasm. Comparison of the distribution of lysosomes with peripheral microtubules indicated a high degree of coincidence. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cytoplasmic dynein is involved in retrograde-directed movement of membranous organelles. In mitotic cells, dynein staining was also apparent along the microtubules of the mitotic apparatus, though vesicular staining was still conspicuous. The presence of dynein on vesicles as well as on spindle microtubules indicates that dynein distribution between these compartments may be regulated by distinct binding proteins.
Death in the fast lane: What’s next for necroptosis?

Necroptosis is a form of programmed cell death that is both mechanistically and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, the canonical mechanism of cell suicide. Although early descriptions of necroptosis date back decades, the last 5 years have seen a proliferation of studies of this process. This surge in interest has included the recent publication of several excellent, in-depth reviews of the literature [Chan FK-M et al. (2014) Annu Rev Immunol 33, 141210135520002; Weinlich R & Green DR (2014) Mol Cell 56, 469-480; Silke J et al. (2015) Nat Immunol 16, 689-697; Linkermann A & Green DR (2014) N Engl J Med 370, 455-465]. Rather than contribute another summary to this well-summarized field, in this Minireview I will briefly discuss key recent findings, then touch on some of the major outstanding questions - the known unknowns - that remain.
Shared Expectations and Implicit Coordination in Tennis Doubles Teams

Very little of the existing research on team cognition has looked at sports teams. The purpose of this study was to extend previous research to the sports domain, and empirically test the relationship between one aspect of team cognition—shared expectations—and implicit coordination in 71 American tennis doubles teams. We tested a model hypothesizing a link between prior experience, shared expectations, and implicit coordination. Prior experience influenced implicit coordination directly, as well as through a positive relationship with shared expectations. The findings highlight the potential of using behavioral measures of team coordination in sport psychology.
The effects of stimulus sequence and probability on perceptual processing.

Two experiments that tested the hypothesis that the effect of stimulus presentation prob­ ability on perceptual processing is a function of the preceding stimulus sequence are reported. Replicating previous findings, the magnitude of the probability effect was affected by stimulus quality. The interaction was unchanged when sequential effects were eliminated from the data. Stimulus quality and sequence displayed an additive relationship. These results suggest that the probability effect on perceptual processing is not an indirect result of sequential effects. Together with the results of Miller and Anbar (1981), they suggest that practice gradually acts to facilitate the perceptual processing of highly probable stimuli.
Term structure and forward guidance as instruments of monetary policy

This paper studies a simple monetary model with a Ricardian fiscal policy in which equilibria are indeterminate if monetary policy consists solely of a rule for fixing the short-term interest rate. We introduce explicitly into the model the agents’ expectations of inflation which create the indeterminacy and show that there are two types of policies—a term structure rule or a forward guidance rule for the short rate—which lead to determinacy. The first consists in fixing the interest rates on a family of bonds of different maturities as function of realized inflation; the second consists in fixing the short-term interest rate and the expected values of the short-term interest rate for a sequence of periods into the future as a function of realized inflation. If the monetary authority chooses an inflation process that satisfies conditions derived in the paper and applies one of these rules, it anchors agents’ expectations to this process, in the sense that it is the unique inflation process compatible with equilibrium when the interest rates or expected future values of the short rate are those specified by the term structure or forward guidance rule.
The pyloric sphincter and differential food preference

It has been observed that fresh milk injected into the stomach has no rewarding effect but that predigested milk does. One possible explanation is that when fresh milk is injected, it enters the duodenum prematurely, mimicking the nausea and discomfort which are consequences of the “dumping syndrome” seen clinically in man. Rats with their pyloric sphincters held open drank little fresh milk. However, when predigested milk was offered with solid food they drank large amounts of the predigested milk.
Hemispheric Asymmetry in New Neurons in Adulthood Is Associated with Vocal Learning and Auditory Memory

Many brain regions exhibit lateral differences in structure and function, and also incorporate new neurons in adulthood, thought to function in learning and in the formation of new memories. However, the contribution of new neurons to hemispheric differences in processing is unknown. The present study combines cellular, behavioral, and physiological methods to address whether 1) new neuron incorporation differs between the brain hemispheres, and 2) the degree to which hemispheric lateralization of new neurons correlates with behavioral and physiological measures of learning and memory. The songbird provides a model system for assessing the contribution of new neurons to hemispheric specialization because songbird brain areas for vocal processing are functionally lateralized and receive a continuous influx of new neurons in adulthood. In adult male zebra finches, we quantified new neurons in the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a forebrain area involved in discrimination and memory for the complex vocalizations of individual conspecifics. We assessed song learning and recorded neural responses to song in NCM. We found significantly more new neurons labeled in left than in right NCM; moreover, the degree of asymmetry in new neuron numbers was correlated with the quality of song learning and strength of neuronal memory for recently heard songs. In birds with experimentally impaired song quality, the hemispheric difference in new neurons was diminished. These results suggest that new neurons may contribute to an allocation of function between the hemispheres that underlies the learning and processing of complex signals.
The spark discharge synthesis of amino acids from various hydrocarbons.

The spark discharge synthesis of amino acids using an atmosphere of CH4 + N2 + H2O + NH3 has been investigated with variable pNH3. The amino acids produced using higher hydrocarbons (ethane, ethylene, acetylene, propane, butane, and isobutane) instead of CH4 were also investigated. There was considerable range in the absolute yields of amino acids, but the yields relative to glycine (or α-amino-n-butyric acid) were more uniform. The relative yields of the C3 to C6 aliphatic α-amino acids are nearly the same (with a few exceptions) with all the hydrocarbons. The glycine yields are more variable. The precursors to the C3-C6 aliphatic amino acids seem to be produced in the same process, which is separate from the synthesis of glycine precursors. It may be possible to use these relative yields as a signature for a spark discharge synthesis provided corrections can be made for subsequent decomposition events (e.g. in the Murchison meteorite).