cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Status on Trial: Social Characteristics and Influence in the Jury Room.

The American jury is heralded as an institution that is simultaneously representative and egalitarian. However, jury studies conducted 50 years ago found that white, upper-class men dominate jury deliberations, presumably due to their higher status outside of the jury room. Logistic regression analysis of dyadic infl uence inside the jury room updates this research. Results indicate that today upper-class jurors alone - not men, not whites - are regarded as most infl uential in deliberations. Upper-class jurors' infl uence is not simply a product of status deference. Rather, upper-class jurors seem to infl uence deliberations due to generalized expectations of their competence or their possession of skill sets that enhance jury room performance. We conclude that increased statistical representation in the jury pool does not guarantee that diverse views will affect verdicts. Fifty years ago, research from the Chicago Jury Project demonstrated that upper-class men do most of the talking in mock jury deliberations (James 1959; Strodtbeck, James and Hawkins 1957; Strodtbeck and Mann 1956). This research indicated that recognizable, external status characteristics, such as gender and social class, can restructure otherwise undifferentiated small groups. However, women and minorities were severely underrepresented in juries and mock jury studies of the 1950s, and times have changed. The Jury Selection and Service Act of 1968 1 mandated that jury pools include all eligible voters, and subsequent jury selection reforms have increased jury diversity. Are the more diverse juries of today actually able to achieve an inclusive and egalitarian interaction, or do jurors from historically privileged status groups still dominate deliberations? From outside its doors, the jury room appears to be one of the most representative and egalitarian spaces in American society. The historical development of the jury was guided by the assumption that diverse groups could set aside external differences to arrive at a shared verdict. In fact, the earliest English mixed juries of the 12th through the 15th centuries decided disputes between persons from two communities by bringing together a mix of jurors, such as foreigners and citizens, Jews and Christians, and local and foreign merchants (Constable 1994). And, in the past several decades, many discriminated groups have argued for and won representation in the jury pool on the grounds that jury composition is integral to the achievement of justice. 2
On the therapeutic handling of aggression in schizophrenia.

Disturbances of the schizophrenic's ego functioning are susceptibility to disorganization, lack of ego autonomy, and unreliable reality testing. To compensate, patients seek an object as auxiliary ego. Disturbances in this relationship cause feelings of helplessness and resultant rage. Through the exposure of conflicts, clarification leading to ego growth is achieved.
Effect of a single dose of the selectin inhibitor TBC1269 on early and late asthmatic responses.

Summary Background Selectins participate in the initial phase of leucocyte migration from circulation to inflamed tissues and may play a role in inflammatory cellular influx into airways in asthma. In the sheep asthma model, TBC1269, a pan-selectin antagonist, reduced late allergen response by 74%. Objective To determine whether a single dose of TBC1269 inhibits early (EAR) and late (LAR) asthmatic responses, and whether it inhibits sputum leucocyte influx after inhalation allergen challenge in atopic asthmatic subjects treated with bronchodilators only. Methods Twenty-one asthmatic subjects (mean±SD, age=32.5±6.7 years, 8 males, FEV1 percent predicted=84±15%) with known late asthmatic response based on a screening inhalation allergen challenge were randomly assigned to receive intravenous treatment with either placebo (n=11) or TBC1269 (n=10, 30 mg/kg) infused over 15 min immediately prior to a second (post-treatment) allergen challenge at least 4 weeks after the screening challenge. After each challenge, EAR and LAR were monitored for 7 h. In addition, sputum was induced 1 day before and 1 day after each allergen challenge. Results TBC1269 did not attenuate the EAR compared with placebo (largest fall in FEV1 within 1 h of 34.1±13.9% vs. 31.8±12.2% for TBC1269 and placebo groups respectively, P=0.61) or the LAR (largest fall in FEV1 between 3 and 7 h of 39.3±15.3% vs. 32.6±13.8%, P=0.24). TBC1269 had only minor effects on allergen-induced sputum eosinophilia. Conclusion We conclude that TBC1269 administered before allergen challenge as a single intravenous dose does not attenuate early or late asthmatic responses to allergen in asthmatic subjects.
Wetting and Contact-Angle Hysteresis

THE study of contact angles and contact-angle hysteresis in the region of low contact angles is not easy owing to difficulties of technique. The contact angle, θ, is given by where θ is the contact angle measured in the liquid and γSA, γSL and γLA are the surface free energies per unit area of the solid–air, solid–liquid and liquid–air interfaces respectively.
Binuclear complexes for aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols and carbohydrates

Abstract The influence of electron-donating and electron-accepting properties of three pentadentate ligands was determined in connection with the aerobic oxidation ability of the corresponding binuclear copper(II) complexes for benzyl and allyl alcohols; additionally, the catalytic performance of their palladium and platinum analogs was characterized under comparable conditions. Quantitative aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol at 40 °C was achieved with a binuclear copper(II) complex—TEMPO catalyst in 2.5 h, while the regioselective aerobic oxidation of underivatized methyl-β- d -glucopyranoside was accomplished in about 35% yield at 60 °C after 24 h.
Peripheral blood stem cell collection in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and a high circulating nucleated red cell fraction

A high level of circulating nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) in patients with chronic myeloproliferative syndromes could potentially complicate peripheral blood stem cell (PSC) collection. The mononuclear NRBC might comprise a significant fraction of the total mononuclear cells in the final product. We report a successful PSC collection in a patient with more NRBC than WBC in the peripheral blood. A 27-year-old man with chronic myelogenous leukemia underwent eight PSC collection procedures, seven using the Cobe Spectra (Spectra) and one using the Fenwal CS3000 Plus (CS). PSC product manipulations to remove NRBC were unnecessary. As assessed by post-collection NRBC :WBC ratio as a percent of the initial ratio, Spectra selectively harvested mononuclear leukocytes over NRBC. The collected products had a mean NRBC :WBC ratio that was 3.4% of the peripheral blood ratio. Adequate numbers of mononuclear leukocytes were collected with less than 6% NRBC contamination. The single CS procedure resulted in a comparable NRBC reduction efficiency as the Spectra. We conclude that PSC harvest using automated blood cell separators from patients with a high level of circulating NRBC may result in a product with an acceptable number of NRBC.
Methylation of tin(II) by methyl iodide under simulated estuarine conditions in the absence and presence of fulvic acid

Abstract This paper describes the methylation of tin(II) chloride and the formation of monomethyltin under conditions that model the estuarine environment. Two sets of factorial experimental designs clarified the significance of pH, salinity, and methyl iodide (MeI) concentration on monomethyltin formation in the absence and presence of fulvic acid (FA). The reactions gave percent yields for monomethyltin of 0.30 to 9.95 in the absence of FA and 0.18 to 4.90 in its presence. No other methyltin product occurred and several potential methylating agents failed to methylate tin(II). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) calculations at the 95% confidence level showed a high significance of MeI and FA concentrations in the methylation reactions. Increasing MeI concentration favors methylation while increasing FA concentration inhibits it. Calculations showed the distribution of tin(II) species was only slightly affected in the pH range of our experiments and was virtually unaffected by salinity and FA concentration. These results suggest that chemical processes can contribute to the formation of methyltin compounds in natural waters.
The Physiology and Pharmacology of Crustacean Chromatophores

The color change system of crustaceans is being investigated along a broad front. The techniques being used include physiological, pharmacological, biochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural ones. The problems investigators are seeking answers to include the cellular bases for pigment granule translocation, the number and specificity of the chromatophorotropic hormones responsible for the color changes, and the identity of the neuroregulators (neurotransmitters and neuromodulators) that control the release of these hormones. With respect to the cellular bases of pigment granule translocation, microtubules and a microtrabecular lattice are prime candidates as organelles that might be responsible for the pigment granule movements. Pigment dispersing and pigment concentrating neuropeptides have been identified. Some exhibit no specificity with respect to the chromatophore type they activate. Others show high specificity, affecting only one specific type of chromatophore, such as the melanophore. Several putative neuroregulator candidates have been identified as possibly having a role in controlling chromatophorotropic hormone release. These include 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, octopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. Some, like the first three, stimulate hormone release, whereas the latter two have inhibitory actions.
Comments on “Is there racism in economic research?”

Abstract In this commentary I examine the criteria used by Mason, Meyers and Darity to determine whether there is “racism in economic research” and I review the findings of their empirical analysis. I take issue with their classification of an article as non-racist, if in its abstract it states that a particular racial gap in outcomes is attributable to discrimination, and as racist, if it does not state a finding of discrimination. However, I conclude that their regression analyses do not demonstrate racism in academic publishing, even if one accepts the criteria set forth by the authors.
A Space-Filling Visualization Technique for Multivariate Small-World Graphs

We introduce an information visualization technique, known as GreenCurve, for large multivariate sparse graphs that exhibit small-world properties. Our fractal-based design approach uses spatial cues to approximate the node connections and thus eliminates the links between the nodes in the visualization. The paper describes a robust algorithm to order the neighboring nodes of a large sparse graph by solving the Fiedler vector of its graph Laplacian, and then fold the graph nodes into a space-filling fractal curve based on the Fiedler vector. The result is a highly compact visualization that gives a succinct overview of the graph with guaranteed visibility of every graph node. GreenCurve is designed with the power grid infrastructure in mind. It is intended for use in conjunction with other visualization techniques to support electric power grid operations. The research and development of GreenCurve was conducted in collaboration with domain experts who understand the challenges and possibilities intrinsic to the power grid infrastructure. The paper reports a case study on applying GreenCurve to a power grid problem and presents a usability study to evaluate the design claims that we set forth.
Concentration and temperature dependence of the lifetimes of the fluorescence arising from the second excited state of Tb3+ (5D3) in POCl3:SnCl4

Abstract Excitation of Tb 3− in POCl 3 :SnCl 4 (9/1 by volume) at wavelengths shorter than 487 ± 1 nm ( 7 F 6 → 5 D 4 ) is accompanied by fluorescence emission from both the 5 D 3 and 5 D 4 states of Tb 3+ . The fluorescence lifetimes of the former emission are shorter, namely τ ??? = 0.4 ms at 25°C and 1 × 10 −2 M Tb 3+ and they exhibit a dependence upon both the concentration of Tb 3+ and the temperature. This dependence is attributed to the depletion of the population of the 5 D 3 state by coupling the transitions 5 D 3 → 5 D 4 and 7 F 6 → 7 F 1 or 7 F 0 of Tb 3+ . This self-quenching process is slightly temperature dependent. An activation energy barrier of about 3 kcal/mole has been determined.
Comparison of two prognostic models predicting survival in patients with malignant melanoma

Abstract Accurate predictions of prognosis are important in the clinical management of patients with malignant melanoma. Primary lesions from 55 patients with cutaneous melanoma, having 10 or more years of clinical follow-up, were evaluated by two models predicting patient survival. One model was simple and relied solely on tumor thickness. The other model was complex and considered stage of tumor progression, and six clinical and histological variables. Accuracy of the two models was determined by retrospective review of the medical record, and the predictive power of each model was compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The area under the ROC curve (a measure of the "goodness" of the model) for the single variable model was 0.70 ± 0.0775 standard error (SE), and the area under the ROC curve for the multiple variable model was 0.77 ± 0.0779 SE. Although a modest improvement in predictive power is suggested for the multiple variable model, the SEs for the two models overlap, and the difference is not statistically significant. Further study using a larger database may be required to determine definitively if the multiple variable model significantly increases the ability to predict patient survival or death, and make better clinical decisions.
In situ transmission FTIR spectroelectrochemistry: A new technique for studying lithium batteries

Abstract In situ transmission FTIR spectra are measured during the electrochemical insertion of lithium into phospho-olivine FePO 4 . The spectroelectrochemical cell consists of a composite FePO 4 cathode, a lithium metal anode, and an electrolyte of 1 M LiPF 6 in a 1:1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC–DEC). Bands belonging to the electrolyte and cathode are identified in the infrared spectra of the in situ cells. The antisymmetric PO 4 3− bending vibrations (ν 4 ) are used to monitor Li + insertion into FePO 4 . Discharging produces spectral changes that are consistent with the formation of phospho-olivine LiFePO 4 , yet the electrolyte bands are not affected by the discharging process. The in situ infrared experiments confirm the two-phase mechanism for lithium insertion into FePO 4 . Moreover, the experiments demonstrate the ability to collect in situ transmission FTIR spectra of functioning electrode materials in lithium batteries. Unfortunately, lithium plating occurs on the optical window when the Li//FePO 4 half-cells are charged. The use of an intercalation anode such as graphite could alleviate this problem; however, this avenue of research is not explored in this study.
Reading the Fine Print in Agricultural Contracts: Conventional Contract Clauses, Risks and Returns

One distinguishing feature of ongoing struc-tural change in agriculture is increasingvertical coordination between agriculturalproducers and processors, much of which hascome through agricultural production andmarketing contracts. Agricultural economists,extension agents, legal aid groups, and othershave sought to provide farmers with infor-mation that enables them to make informeddecisions regarding contract use. While allsensible advice begins with suggesting thata farmer consult his or her attorney and ac-countant before signing, numerous outreachpublications provide information regardingspeciﬁc contract provisions. (See, for example,Holman, Feuz, and Baltensperger 2006;Kunkel and Larison 2006; Ofﬁce of the IllinoisAttorney General 2005.)In contrast to the relatively comprehensiveanalysis in such outreach efforts, agriculturaleconomists’ theoretical analyses of speciﬁcagriculturalcontractprovisionshavetendedtofocusoncontractualprovisionsregardingcom-pensation, and, to some extent, on input provi-sion. When comparing the average theoreticalmodel to an actual agricultural contract, thereare pages of the contract that do not appear inthe model at all.Much of the material omitted in theoreti-cal analyses of agricultural contracts is “boil-erplate.” Boilerplate is standardized contractterms that are used in multiple contacts. These
DISTRIBUTION OF THE IMAGINARY PART OF THE OPTICAL POTENTIAL

Abstract The radical dependence of the imaginary part of the nuclear optical potential is calculated by the semi-classical independent particle model with a diffuse nuclear boundary. Our method is completely the same as the one proposed by Harada and Oda, whose results are extended for various energies in this work. It is found that the strong absorption at the nuclear surface is less important for intermediate incident energies.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Formation and Stability of Nanocrystalline Structures in the Ti-Cu System

High temperature mechanical alloying enables us to synthesize nanocrystalline alloys with finer grain size than that achievable by mechanical alloying at room temperature. Due to encouraged solute segregation and dynamic movement of dislocations in high ambient temperature, the grain boundary reaches metastable chemical equilibrium with crystalline solid solution.
Crowned spur gears - Methods for generation and tooth contact analysis. I - Basic concepts, generation of the pinion tooth surface by a plane

A topology of crowned spur pinion tooth surface that reduces the level of transmission errors due to misalignment is proposed. The geometry of the deviated pinion tooth surface and regular gear tooth surface, along with tooth contact analysis is discussed. Generation of the deviated pinion tooth surface by a plane whose motion is controlled by a five-degree-of-freedom system is proposed. Numerical results are included and indicate that transmission errors remain low as the gears are misaligned.
Distribution of 125I-labeled human growth hormone in immature, hypophysectomized rats pretreated with ACTH or unlabeled human growth hormone.

Whole-body autoradiograms were prepared from intact and hypophysectomized (Hypox) rats after receiving 125I-HGH iv. In addition, some hypox rats received unlabeled HGH or ACTH six minutes before receiving the 125I-HGH. Hypox rats had greater concentrations of radioactive material in the renal cortex, adrenal cortex, liver and submandibular gland than was present in blood. Pretreatment with ACTH increased the radioactive material in the inner zones of the adrenal cortex; liver and renal cortex contained more radioactive material than blood; and the submandibular gland contained an amount equal to that in blood. Pretreatment with unlabeled HGH greatly suppressed uptake of radioactivity in liver and adrenal cortex and slightly increased the uptake in the renal cortex. Radioactivity could not be detected in the renal medulla or urine of any of the rats. No concentration of radioactive material greater than that seen in blood was present in any other organ or tissue in any of the groups. In the intact rats, the kidney and the adrenal cortex had the greatest concentrations of radioactivity, while the concentration in the liver was equal to that in blood. Autoradiograms were also prepared from sections from untreated hypox rats that were dipped in 125I-HGH solutions. These confirmed the presence of binding sites in the adrenal cortex and liver for 125I-HGH. No binding of radioactive material was seen in the kidney.
Women Poets and Anonymity in the Romantic Era

Picture, if you will, the woman poet of the Romantic era, toiling away in obscurity, fearful of putting her name before the public — of being seen and recognized as a writer, publishing book after book anonymously or under the veil of ‘by a lady’, or using some other subterfuge to keep her true identity secret. This woman poet, this familiar portrait, is a fiction — as much of a myth, it seems, as the notion of poetry coming as spontaneously and ‘as naturally as the Leaves to a tree’.
Direct numerical approach to electron-hydrogen scattering. II. L>0.

The direct numerical approach using a finite-difference propagation algorithm that we developed for electron-hydrogen scattering for total angular momentum L=0 [Y.D. Wang and J. Callaway, Phys. Rev. A 48, 2058 (1993)] is generalized to arbitrary L. This algorithm can treat the full Coulomb interaction of the two electrons. Since solutions are propagated outward to the asymptotic region, the propagation scheme is effective and suitable for extracting scattering quantities such as the S-matrix and K-matrix. The present algorithm is also attractive for its handling of large data arrays, which is a key limit to the direct numerical solution of partial differential equations in general. We applied this method to calculate phase shifts and resonances below the n=2 threshold, elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections at energies between the n=2 and n=3 thresholds. Effects of long-range channel coupling were investigated. Detailed comparisons with other calculations are given.
Bayesian Inference for Skew-Normal Mixture Models With Left-Censoring

Assays to measure concentration of antibody after vaccination are often subject to left-censoring due to a lower detection limit (LDL), leading to a high proportion of observations below the detection limit. Not accounting for such left-censoring appropriately can lead to biased parameter estimates. To properly adjust for left-censoring and a high proportion of observations at LDL, this article proposes a mixture model combining a point mass below LDL and a Tobit model with skew-elliptical error distribution. We show that skew-elliptical distributions, where the skew-normal and skew-t are special cases, have great flexibility for simultaneously handling left-censoring, skewness, and heaviness in the tails of a distribution of a response variable with left-censored data. A Bayesian procedure is used to estimate model parameters. Two real data sets from a study of the measles vaccine and an HIV/AIDS study are used to illustrate the proposed models.
Self-esteem, evaluative feedback, and preacquaintance attraction: indirect reactions to success and failure

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the indirect reactions of high-and low-self-esteem persons to evaluative feedback. Indirect reactions are defined as reactions to evaluative feedback directed toward individuals or mechanisms not associated with the feedback. In each experiment, a sample of college students divided according to level of dispositional self-esteem was provided with feedback on a bogus test of social intelligence. Subjects were informed that each of them had been paired randomly with another person in the session and would interact with that person later in the session. Prior to meeting the individual with whom each ostensibly had been paired, subjects indicated their evaluation of and attraction to those persons. In both experiments a cross-over pattern emerged due to greater attraction following success vs. failure feedback among low-self-esteem subjects and greater attraction following failure vs. success feedback among high-self-esteem subjects. This finding indicates an important new class of reactions to evaluative feedback, indirect reactions, that extends beyond the immediate context in which the feedback is received.
Assessment of rosacea severity: A review of evaluation methods used in clinical trials

Background Novel rosacea treatments are needed. Assessment methodologies for clinical trials of rosacea treatments are not standardized and are relatively inadequate. To determine the efficacy of new treatments, a valid and reliable assessment methodology is needed. Objective We sought to determine the assessment methodologies used in clinical trials for rosacea treatments, to demonstrate the need for a valid and reliable assessment tool, and to describe the relevant properties of such a tool. Methods PubMed and MEDLINE were searched for clinical trials of rosacea treatments since January 1, 1985. Results In all, 32 clinical trials met inclusion criteria. Assessment methodologies were highly variable, and standardized assessment methodologies were used in only 3 studies. The various manifestations of rosacea were assessed inconsistently. Limitations Eighteen articles could not be included as a result of lack of access to the full text. Conclusions The diverse methodologies make the assessment of novel treatments and comparison of treatments difficult. A valid and reliable assessment tool is needed to properly assess novel treatments to improve the management of rosacea.
Racial and ethnic differences in physical activity guidelines attainment among people at high risk of or having knee osteoarthritis

Objective This cross-sectional study examined racial/ethnic differences in meeting the 2008 United States Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines aerobic component (≥150 moderate-to-vigorous minutes/week in bouts of ≥10 minutes) among persons with or at risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA). Methods We evaluated African American versus white differences in guideline attainment using multiple logistic regression, adjusting for sociodemographic (age, sex, site, income, and education) and health factors (comorbidity, depressive symptoms, overweight/obesity, and knee pain). Our analyses included adults ages 49–84 years who participated in accelerometer monitoring at the Osteoarthritis Initiative 48-month visit (n = 1,142 with RKOA and n = 747 at risk of RKOA). Results Two percent of African Americans and 13.0% of whites met the guidelines. For adults with and at risk of RKOA, significantly lower rates of guidelines attainment among African Americans compared to whites were partially attenuated by health factor differences, particularly overweight/obesity and knee pain (with RKOA: adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.08–0.72; at risk of RKOA: OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.07–1.05). Conclusion Despite known benefits from physical activity, attainment of the physical activity guidelines among persons with and at risk of RKOA was low. African Americans were 72–76% less likely than whites to meet the guidelines. Culturally relevant interventions and environmental strategies in the African American community targeting overweight/obesity and knee pain may reduce future racial/ethnic differences in physical activity and improve health outcomes.
Bioreactor seaweed cell culture for production of bioactive oxylipins

Liquid cell suspension cultures derived from marine plants have the potential to biosynthesize novel biomedicinal compounds in a controlled environment. Of particular interest are the eicosanoids and related oxylipins emanating from the 15-lipoxygenase manifold of the arachidonic acid cascade, which is active in the brown algaLaminaria saccharina. Filamentous cell clumps ofL. saccharina isolated from female gametophytes were cultured in an illuminated bubble-column bioreactor in GP2 artificial seawater nutrient medium at 13 °C and air flow rate of 0.35 L air min−1 L−1 culture (vvm). Growth kinetics and biomass productivity data were obtained as a function of incident light intensity (2.4 to 98μmol photon m−2 s−1) and initial cell density (27 to 149 mg DCW L−1). Maximum cell densities exceeded 1200 mg DCW L−1 after a 20 day cultivation time at optimal conditions of 98μmol photon m−2 s−1 and 118 mg DCW L−1 initial cell density. Qualitative analysis of chloroform/methanol extracts of the cell culture biomass by GC-MS confirmed the presence of the hydroxy fatty acids 13-HODTA and 13-HOTE, the likely products of 15-lipoxygenase catalyzed oxidation of linoleic or linolenic acids.
Abstract 5683: Blockade of glioma proliferation via allosteric inhibition of JAK2.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), WHO grade IV, is the most frequent and aggressive form, with a median survival of approximately 12 months following aggressive treatment with surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently amplified and mutated in human cancers including GBM. While the rationale for treating GBM patients with EGR inhibitors is strong, the efficacy of anti-EGFR small molecular inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies in treating gliomas with PTEN mutation or deletion has been modest. Here we show a novel approach to inhibiting EGFR that involves a small molecule (G5-7) that selectively blocks JAK2 phosphorylation of EGFR, inhibits cell proliferation and reduces VEGF secretion, and leads to glioma shrinkage via apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis. G5-7 inhibited EGFR and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation by JAK2 through binding to its N-terminal FERM domain. Interestingly, G5-7 selectively inhibited the proliferation of U87MG/EGFRvIII cells and human GBM explant neurosphere cultures but only weakly affected U87MG/PTEN cells or normal neural progenitor cultures. Moreover, oral administration of this compound markedly diminishes the brain tumor volumes in both subcutaneous and intracranial models, supporting that this compound itself and/or the metabolites might be able to penetrate the brain-blood barrier and exert the anti-proliferative actions through blocking the oncogenic pathways in vivo. Chronic treatment of mice with 50 mg/kg G5-7 exhibits no obvious toxicity in the animals. Our finding demonstrates that G5-7 is a novel allosteric JAK2 inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity for GBM. Our report not onlyidentify a novel drug for treating the GBM, but also provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of how these small molecules impinge on the EGFR/PTEN signaling. Optimization of these novel compounds will lead to new treatments for the patients with these devastating tumors. [K.H. and Q.Q. contributed equally to this work.] Citation Format: Kunyan He, Qi Qi, Chi-Bun Chan, Ge Xiao, Xia Liu, Carol Tucker-Burden, Liya Wang, Hui Mao, Xiang Lu, Frank E. McDonald, Hongbo Luo, Qi-wen Fan, William A. Weiss, Shi-yong Sun, Daniel J. Brat, Keqiang Ye. Blockade of glioma proliferation via allosteric inhibition of JAK2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5683. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5683
Structure of maize protein bodies and immunocytochemical localization of zeins

Zeins, the seed storage proteins of maize (Zea mays L.), are synthesized by membrane-bound polyribosomes and transported into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum in developing endosperm, where they assemble into protein bodies. To better understand the organization of protein bodies and the mechanism by which zeins are assembled, we have used immunolocalization to study their distribution within isolated protein bodies. In sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, the protein body matrix consists of light- and dark-staining regions with the darker stain predominating at the periphery and the lighter stain in the central region. Immunogold staining of the storage proteins in isolated protein bodies reveals a distinct segregation with α-zein localized in the light-staining region and β- and γ-zein localized in the dark-staining regions. However, the relative amounts and distribution of these proteins varies substantially among different protein bodies. These results indicate a more complex internal organization than has been previously observed, and suggest that spatial and/or temporal differences in zein synthesis account for this complexity.
Approaching a New Age in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treatment

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common and severe form of muscular dystrophy. The cornerstones of current treatment include corticosteroids for skeletal muscle weakness, afterload reduction for cardiomyopathy, and noninvasive ventilation for respiratory failure. With these interventions, patients are walking and living longer. However, the current status is still far from adequate. Increased private and federal funding of studies in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has led to a large number of novel agents with propitious therapeutic potential. These include agents that modify dystrophin expression, increase muscle growth and regeneration, and modulate inflammatory responses. Many of these agents are already in clinical trials. Challenges to the development of additional novel therapeutics exist, including lack of validated animal models and lack of adequate biomarkers as surrogate endpoints. However, these challenges are not insurmountable and the next decade will likely see meaningful, new treatment options introduced into the clinical care of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Relational aggression and victimization in gay male relationships: the role of internalized homophobia

This article presents two studies that are the first to examine relational aggression and relational victimization in gay male peer relationships. A qualitative pilot study provides a strong rationale for a subsequent empirical investigation of 100 young adult, self-identified gay males. Results of both studies demonstrate that relational aggression and relational victimization are common experiences in gay male relationships. They also reveal forms of relational aggression and victimization that appear to be unique to gay males (e.g., outing). Results of the empirical study found significant relations between engaging in relational aggression against gay males and experiencing relational victimization and between experiencing relational victimization and internalized homophobia. However, there was no significant correlation between internalized homophobia and engaging in relational aggression. A multiple regression analysis found that experiencing relational victimization was correlated more strongly with the combination of engaging in relational aggression and internalized homophobia together than with relational aggression alone. Results are discussed within the framework of Allport's "traits due to victimization" theory and Meyer's theory of "minority stress." Implications for the prevention of relational aggression/victimization in gay male relationships are offered.
Intraseasonal Variability of the Equatorial Indian Ocean Observed from Sea Surface Height, Wind, and Temperature Data

The forcing of the equatorial Indian Ocean by the highly periodic monsoon wind cycle creates many interesting intraseasonal variabilities. The frequency spectrum of the wind stress observations from the European Remote Sensing Satellite scatterometers reveals peaks at the seasonal cycle and its higher harmonics at 180, 120, 90, and 75 days. The observations of sea surface height (SSH) from the Jason and Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX)/Poseidon radar altimeters are analyzed to study the ocean's response. The focus of the study is on the intraseasonal periods shorter than the annual period. The semiannual SSH variability is characterized by a basin mode involving Rossby waves and Kelvin waves traveling back and forth in the equatorial Indian Ocean between 10(deg)S and 10(deg)N. However, the interference of these waves with each other masks the appearance of individual Kelvin and Rossby waves, leading to a nodal point (amphidrome) of phase propagation on the equator at the center of the basin. The characteristics of the mode correspond to a resonance of the basin according to theoretical models. The theory also calls for similar modes at 90 and 60 days.
Inhibition of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) reverses memory deficits associated with NMDA receptor antagonism

Rolipram, a selective inhibitor of type 4 cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4), completely reversed the amnesic effects of MK-801 on working and reference memory (F[4,64] = 11.10; p <.0001 and F[4,64] = 2.53; p <.05, respectively) at doses of 0.01-0.1 mg/kg in the radial-arm maze task. Similar antagonism by rolipram of the effects of MK-801 was observed on inhibitory avoidance behavior (F[3,35] = 190.8; p <.0001). In vitro evidence suggests that an increase in cAMP concentrations may mediate the observed behavioral effects of rolipram. In the absence of PDE4 inhibition, NMDA did not increase cAMP concentrations in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical neurons. However, when PDE4 was inhibited with rolipram, NMDA markedly elevated cAMP. These observations suggest that PDE4 is an integral component of the NMDA receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway involved in memory processes. Inhibitors of PDE4 may act on this pathway to produce their effects on memory and may represent a new class of cognitive enhancers.
SPECIES OF EMERGENCE

. The category of emergence has come to be of considerable importance to the science-and-religion dialogue. It has become clear that the term is used in different ways by different authors, with important implications. In this article I examine the criteria used to state that something is emergent and the different interpretations of those criteria. In particular, I argue similarly to Philip Clayton that there are three broad ranges of interpretation of emergence: reductive, nonreductive, and radical. Although all three criteria have their place, I suggest that the category of radical emergence is important both for science and theology.
Genome scan for hypertension in nonobese African Americans : The national heart, lung, and blood institute family blood pressure program

Background Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension, but epidemiologic studies provide evidence for the development of hypertension independent of obesity. In addition, the search for hypertension susceptibility genes should prove more informative when applied to a homogeneous subset of patients, such as those that are not obese. For this reason, we sought to identify genomic regions influencing susceptibility to hypertension in a nonobese sample of hypertensive African American families. Methods A genome-wide linkage scan was performed in a sample of 275 African American hypertensive families containing two or more nonobese (body mass index, ≤30 kg/m 2 ) individuals recruited by Networks of the Family Blood Pressure Program (FBPP). Results The best evidence for linkage of hypertension among the FBPP African American families was found on chromosome 2 (log of the odds [LOD]= 3.59 at 230 cM). All other chromosomes contained LOD scores less than 2. The African American sibships from the GENOA Network appear to largely contribute to the evidence for linkage on chromosome 2 (LOD = 4.07 at 233 cM). Conclusions Significant evidence for linkage to hypertension in nonobese African American families was identified on chromosome 2q. These results suggest the presence of genes influencing susceptibility to adiposity-independent hypertension.
Rapid cellular turnover in adipose tissue.

It was recently shown that cellular turnover occurs within the human adipocyte population. Through three independent experimental approaches — dilution of an inducible histone 2B-green fluorescent protein (H2BGFP), labeling with the cell cycle marker Ki67 and incorporation of BrdU — we characterized the degree of cellular turnover in murine adipose tissue. We observed rapid turnover of the adipocyte population, finding that 4.8% of preadipocytes are replicating at any time and that between 1–5% of adipocytes are replaced each day. In light of these findings, we suggest that adipose tissue turnover represents a possible new avenue of therapeutic intervention against obesity.
Kultúra és vezetés. Francia és magyar felsővezetők vezetési eszközei

Jelen tanulmany a kulturak kozti kulonbsegek hatasaival foglalkozik a vallalati vezetes teruleten. Ezen belul a francia es a magyar kultura kulonbsegeit es ezek befolyasat vizsgaltuk Magyarorszagon műkodő francia tulajdonu nagyvallalatoknal. Jelen iras arra probal valaszt keresni, hogy hogyan hat egymasra a kulonboző kulturaju munkatarsak nemzeti kulturaja es a szervezeti kultura.
Meteorologically adjusted ozone trends in urban areas A probabilistic approach

Abstract A method has been developed that explicitly accounts for the effect of meteorological fluctuations on the annual distribution of ground-level ozone in urban areas. The model includes a trend component that adjusts the annual rate of change in ozone for concurrent impacts of meteorological conditions, including surface temperature and wind speed. The model was applied using available data from 43 urban areas throughout the U.S.A. where ozone levels frequently exceed the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. The results suggest that meteorologically adjusted upper percentiles of the distribution of daily maximum 1-h ozone are decreasing in most urban areas over the period from 1981 to 1991. The median rate of change was −1.1% per year indicating that ozone levels have decreased approximately 11% over this time period. Trends estimated by ignoring the meteorological component appear to underestimate the rate of improvement in ozone primarily because of the uneven year-to-year distribution of meteorological conditions favorable to ozone.
Antiperspirant aerosols: Airway responses following acute and subchronic exposure

Abstract Objective ventilatory function tests conducted periodically over a 31-day period have shown that axillary application of an antiperspirant spray product twice daily causes no significant changes in airway dynamics in healthy young adults. The safety of these products in other individuals, particularly those with hypersensitivity disease of the airways remains to be demonstrated.
A weight control and nutrition education program for insurance company employees

Abstract We conducted a needs assessment survey and worksite weight control and nutrition education classes for insurance company employees. 120 participants lost an average of 3.4 to 7 lbs. during the 8-week weight control program. Knowledge scores improved following the completion of general nutrition education classes. Employees and company management rated the classes and worksite activities successful. This paper discusses factors contributing to program success. University-based model programs such as this one facilitate quality instruction, planned program evaluation and student training.
Infant feeding and asthma: is breast milk best?

Asthma is the most commonly occurring chronic childhood disease in the United States and is the leading cause of hospitalization and missed school days. In this article, I examine whether differences in asthma diagnosis can be attributed to differences in breastfeeding incidence and duration. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Survey, I examine whether unobserved heterogeneity in the breastfeeding decision plays a role in childhood asthma propensity. I use the recursive bivariate probit framework to account for potential endogeneity by modeling the breastfeeding and asthma equations jointly. Results indicate that after accounting for the unobserved heterogeneity found in infant feeding practices, breastfeeding leads to lower rates of asthma diagnosis in children at age one. Breastfeeding for at least 3 months appears to have the strongest effects in children diagnosed at age one. However, there are no discernible effects of breastfeeding on the incidence of asthma by age three. These results indicate that breastfeeding can result in lower rates of wheezing and better respiratory health in small children.
Of problems and perspectives: Predicting the use of mental health services by parents of urban youth

Abstract Recently, the national policy agenda has included an interest in the utilization of mental health services, especially among urban and minority youth. This paper analyzes a survey of 126 parents of urban youth and a companion survey of the clinicians who served them to understand predictors of the use of mental health services over a six month period. Findings reveal that more parents than clinicians notice and are concerned about school problems of the children, while more clinicians than parents notice and are concerned about the childrens' depression. Using behavior problems, services provided, and demographic information in multiple regression analyses, we discovered that parents of delinquent children are less likely to use services. In addition, if clinicians do not provide evaluation and services which improve the children's achievement in school, parents are less likely to bring their children back for services. Implications of the findings for the delivery of services to urban adolescents are discussed.
qPMS7: A Fast Algorithm for Finding (ℓ, d)-Motifs in DNA and Protein Sequences

Detection of rare events happening in a set of DNA/protein sequences could lead to new biological discoveries. One kind of such rare events is the presence of patterns called motifs in DNA/protein sequences. Finding motifs is a challenging problem since the general version of motif search has been proven to be intractable. Motifs discovery is an important problem in biology. For example, it is useful in the detection of transcription factor binding sites and transcriptional regulatory elements that are very crucial in understanding gene function, human disease, drug design, etc. Many versions of the motif search problem have been proposed in the literature. One such is the -motif search (or Planted Motif Search (PMS)). A generalized version of the PMS problem, namely, Quorum Planted Motif Search (qPMS), is shown to accurately model motifs in real data. However, solving the qPMS problem is an extremely difficult task because a special case of it, the PMS Problem, is already NP-hard, which means that any algorithm solving it can be expected to take exponential time in the worse case scenario. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm named qPMS7 that tackles the qPMS problem on real data as well as challenging instances. Experimental results show that our Algorithm qPMS7 is on an average 5 times faster than the state-of-art algorithm. The executable program of Algorithm qPMS7 is freely available on the web at http://pms.engr.uconn.edu/downloads/qPMS7.zip. Our online motif discovery tools that use Algorithm qPMS7 are freely available at http://pms.engr.uconn.edu or http://motifsearch.com.
On the Max-Min 0-1 Knapsack Problem with Robust Optimization Applications

Given a set of items, a set of scenarios, and a knapsack of fixed capacity, a nonnegative weight is associated with each item; and a value is associated with each item under each scenario. The max-min Knapsack MNK problem is defined as filling the knapsack with a selected set of items so that the minimum total value gained under all scenarios is maximized. The MNK problem is a generalization of the conventional knapsack problem to situations with multiple scenarios. This extension significantly enlarges its scope of applications, especially in the application of recent robust optimization developments. In this paper, the MNK problem is shown to be strongly NP-hard for an unbounded number of scenarios and pseudopolynomially solvable for a bounded number of scenarios. Effective lower and upper bounds are generated by surrogate relaxation. The ratio of these two bounds is shown to be bounded by a constant for situations where the data range is limited to be within a fixed percentage from its mean. This result leads to an approximation algorithm for MNK in the special case. A branch-and-bound algorithm has been implemented to efficiently solve the MNK problem to optimality. Extensive computational results are presented.