cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analogous regulatory sites within the αC-β4 loop regions of ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase and AGC kinases

The precise positioning of the flexible C-helix in the catalytic core is a critical step in the activation of most protein kinases. Consequently, the αC-β4 loop, which anchors the C-helix to the catalytic core, is highly conserved and mediates key structural interactions that serve as a hinge for C-helix movement. While these hinge interactions are conserved across diverse eukaryotic protein kinase structures, some families such as AGC kinases diverge from the canonical hinge interactions. This divergence was recently proposed to facilitate an alternative mode of regulation wherein a conserved C-terminal tail interacts with the αC-β4 loop to position the C-helix. Here we show how interactions between the αC-β4 loop and the N-terminal SH2 domain of ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase are mechanistically and functionally analogous to interactions between the αC-β4 loop and the C-terminal tail of AGC kinases. Such cis regulation of protein kinase activity may be a feature of other eukaryotic protein kinase families as well.
RG-2 Glioma Growth Attenuation and Severe Brain Edema Caused By Local Production of Interleukin-2 and Interferon-γ

Two aspects of cytokine therapy of intracerebral tumors are considered in this study: modulation of tumor growth in vivo and central nervous system toxicity. Coimplantation of RG-2 glioma cells and retroviral vector producer cell lines was performed to provide a local source of interleukin-2 (IL-2) or IFN-gamma within the tumor and coinitiate an antitumor immune response. We demonstrated that local intratumoral production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma generates a cell-mediated antitumor response in vivo. This response was manifest as a diffuse infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and activation of microglial OX42+ cells in intracerebral RG2 tumors. The cell-mediated antitumor immune response resulted in the early suppression of intracranial and subcutaneous tumor growth, but the effect was not sustained and there were no tumor regressions. The absence of increased survival of animals with intracranial tumors is explained in part by the severe central nervous system toxicity caused by local production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Central nervous system toxicity induced blood-brain barrier disruption, vasogenic brain edema, and dislocation of the brain midline structures, as observed by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging and direct measurements of tissue water content. The clinical application of IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene transfer therapy for intracerebral tumors must consider the potential for severe vasogenic brain edema associated with intracerebral production of these cytokines.
Influence of Reading Materials on Response to Printed Words

Beginning reading materials differ considerably in the characteristics of words included in stories. While many reading texts are characterized by a limited number of words that vary in length and pattern, reading materials for phonics or linguistic instruction tend to contain a greater number of words that are similar in length and pattern. Examination of materials indicates that those with particular characteristics support learning by particular methods. This investigation explores the effect of word characteristics in reading materials on children's responses to printed words.
Using a Snow Drift Model to Simulate Eolian Drift and Snowfall on the Summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii

Abstract The goal of this research is to help develop a better understanding of the micro-meteorology of the Mauna Kea summit area and its relationship to the distribution and population health of the Wēkiu bug (Nysius wekiuicola). SnowModel, a spatially distributed snow-evolution model, is used to construct snowfall and summit eolian debris (known as bug fall throughout this study) accumulation maps across the summit. Eight weather stations associated with astronomical observatories on the summit ridges and four Davis weather stations located in various cinder cones (pu‘u in Hawaiian), provide the meteorological observations needed as input to run SnowModel. Snow depth observations taken after a passing cold front in January 2011 are used to help validate the model accumulation predictions prior to the climatological study. Observations from summit weather stations over a three-year period (2008, 2009, and 2010) are used as input for the modeled summit accumulations of snowfall and bug fall presented in ...
Functional characterization of normal and degraded bovine meniscus: rate-dependent indentation and friction studies.

article i nfo The menisci are known to play important roles in normal joint function and the development of diseases such as osteoarthritis. However, our understanding of meniscus' load bearing and lubrication properties at the tis- sue level remains limited. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the site- and rate-dependency of the compressive and frictional responses of the meniscus under a spherical contact load. Using a custom testing device, indentation tests with rates of 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μm/s were performed on bovine medial meniscus explants, which were harvested from five locations including the femoral apposing surface at the an- terior, central, and posterior locations and the central portion at the deep layer and at the tibial apposing sur- face (n=5 per location). Sliding tests with rates of 0.05, 0.25, 1, and 5 mm/s were performed on the central femoral aspect and central tibial aspect superficial samples (n=6 per location). A separate set of superficial samples were subjected to papain digestion and tested prior to and post treatment. Our findings are: i) the Hertz contact model can be used to fit the force responses of meniscus under the conditions tested; ii) the an- terior region is significantly stiffer than the posterior region and tissue modulus does not vary with tissue depth at the central region; iii) the friction coefficient of the meniscus is on the order of 0.02 under migratory contacts and the femoral apposing surface tends to show lower friction than the tibial apposing surface; iv) the meniscus exhibits increased modulus and lubrication with increased indentation and sliding rates; v) matrix degradation impedes the functional load support and lubrication properties of the tissue. The site- and rate- dependent properties of the meniscus may be attributed to spatial variations of the tissue's biphasic structure. These properties substantiate the role of the meniscus as one of the important bearing surfaces of the knee. These data contribute to an improved understanding of meniscus function, and its role in degenerative joint diseases. In addition, the results provide functional metrics for developing engineered tissue replacements. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Osteoarthritis.
Practicing Women's Health with a Simultaneity Worldview in a Medical Model World

Practicing from a human becoming perspective is challenging and rewarding for the nurse clinician. In this column, the author discusses the challenges faced when working as a women's health nurse practitioner, with a simultaneity worldview, in a medical model world.
Efficient Directed Energy Transfer through Size-Gradient Nanocrystal Layers into Silicon Substrates

Spectroscopic evidence of directed excitonic energy transfer (ET) is presented through size-gradient CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dot (NQD) layers into an underlying Si substrate. NQD monolayers are chemically grafted on hydrogen-terminated Si surfaces via a self-assembled monolayer of amine modified carboxy-alkyl chains. Subsequent NQD monolayers are linked with short alkyldiamines. The linking approach enables accurate positioning and enhanced passivation of the layers. Two different sizes of NQDs (energy donors emitting at 545 nm, and energy acceptors emitting at 585 nm) are used in comparing different monolayer and bilayer samples grafted on SiO2 and oxide-free Si surfaces via time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. The overall efficiency of ET from the top-layer donor NQDs into Si is estimated to approach ≈90% through a combination of different energy relaxation pathways. These include sequential ET through the intermediate acceptor layer realized mainly via the non-radiative mechanism and direct ET into the Si substrate realized by means of the radiative coupling. The experimental observations are quantitatively rationalized by the theoretical modeling without introducing any extraneous energy scavenging processes. This indicates that the linker-assisted fabrication enables the construction of defect-free, bandgap-gradient multilayer NQD/Si hybrid structures suitable for thin-film photovoltaic applications.
HETEROGENEOUS EXPERT ROBOTS FOR ON-ORBIT SERVICING: A NEW PARADIGM

As mandated by the President, the vision for space has generated a renewal of interest in on-orbit servicing, and many of the individual technologies inherent to the concept, as a result of the sophisticated capabilities required to ensure realization of the vision’s aggressive objectives. In response to these needs, the Heterogeneous Expert Robots for On-orbit Servicing (HEROS) architecture was conceptualized. The fundamental baseline of HEROS is driven by the paradigm shift away from the monolithic servicing platforms of the 1980s toward a more pragmatic approach of conglomerate teams of smaller, agile agents. Utilizing a fleet of small, specialized service platforms working symbiotically to achieve a common task requires no single platform to perform all servicing subtasks. Thus, the individual platforms can be made less complex and hence should be more robust, albeit at the cost of complexity introduced by requirements of cooperation. This paper presents a discussion of the advantage/challenges and current research in path planning algorithms for the HEROS architecture.
The Medicalization of Chronic Disease and Costs

U.S. health care spending has increased dramatically in the past several decades, consuming 17.6% percent ($2.6 trillion) of GDP in 2010. Although historical spending drivers do not account for this recent increase, two major changes in population health--the rise in obesity and obesity-related chronic disease--provide a likely explanation. This article reviews the contribution that rising treated obesity-related chronic disease prevalence and its associated treatment (spending per treated case) has made to the growth in health care spending. We discuss trends in the clinical incidence of obesity and chronic disease as well as timely advancements in disease detection, treatment, and management. Evidence shows that rising obesity rates are influencing spending largely by increasing the treated prevalence of obesity-related chronic disease. Therefore, preventing individuals from becoming treated cases in the first place is one key way that our country can cut health care spending moving forward.
Discriminative Validity of a Parent Version of the Young Mania Rating Scale

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the usefulness of a parent report version of the Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS) in distinguishing bipolar disorder from other mental health conditions in children and adolescents. Method: Parents of 117 youths aged 5 to 17 years presenting to an outpatient research center completed an adapted Young Mania Rating Scale (P-YMRS). Eligible subjects underwent a diagnostic evaluation including a semistructured instrument (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children) and also a clinical evaluation by a child and adolescent psychiatrist in more than 75% of the subjects. Results: Factor analyses of the P-YMRS suggested one dimension, with a total score showing acceptable internal consistency (α = .75). Logistic regressions discriminated bipolar mood disorder versus unipolar disorder, versus disruptive behavior disorder, and versus any other diagnosis. Classification rates exceeded 78%, and receiver operating characteristics analyses showed good diagnostic efficiency, with areas under the curve greater than 0.82. Conclusions: The P-YMRS may be used to derive clinically meaningful information about mood disorders in youths.
Medical co-morbidity in depressive disorders.

Background. Depression is much more prevalent among those with chronic medical conditions compared to the general population of the United States. Depression is recognized as a cause of increased morbidity and mortality and has been associated with higher health care costs, adverse health behaviors, significant functional impairment, lost work productivity, occupational disability and increased health care utilization.Method. Searches of Medline, OVIDMedline, PubMed and PsycINFO of all English-language articles published between 1966 and 2007 were conducted using the keywords mood disorders, medical comorbidity, depression, antidepressant therapy. Supplemental references were manually extracted from relevant articles and chapters. Reviews of mechanistic studies and open label and randomized controlled trials of depression in patients with medical co morbidities were reviewed.Results. Depressive disorders are prevalent among the medically ill and the relationship between depression and medical illness may ...
Feasibility of Inter-Comparing Airborne and Spaceborne Observations of Radar Backscattering Coefficients

This paper investigates the feasibility of using an airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to validate spaceborne SAR data. This is directed at soil moisture sensing and the recently launched soil moisture active passive (SMAP) satellite. The value of this approach is related to the fact that vicarious targets such as rain forests and oceans calibrate only the extrema of backscattering coefficients ( ${\sigma ^0}$ ) and that the relationship between soil moisture and ${\sigma ^0}$ is nonlinear. Furthermore, corner reflectors are difficult to deploy to calibrate medium resolution (1–3 km) spaceborne sensors such as the one onboard SMAP. A challenge with the approach is the varying incidence angle ( ${{\theta }_{\text {inc}}}$ ) of the airborne sensor versus the constant value used by SMAP. The impact of this on the inter-comparison of airborne and SMAP data is analyzed through simulation and aircraft data analysis. In the absence of the SMAP SAR data, the airborne SAR and scatterometer ${\sigma ^0}$ from the recent field campaign provided the imaging geometry similar to the spaceborne case. The effect of ${{\theta }_{\text {inc}}}$ on the inter-comparison using these two airborne data sets was found to be small if the landcover within the footprint is homogeneous and if ${\sigma ^0}$ (natural unit) changes very little or approximately linearly with ${{\theta }_{\text {inc}}}$ . Over heterogeneous pixels consisting of pasture, grass, forest, and growing corn, the simulation shows that the mean and standard deviation of the difference in ${\sigma ^0}$ between the SAR and scatterometer data are smaller than 0.4 and 0.3 dB, respectively. The test results with the airborne data are generally consistent with the simulation results: the mean and standard deviation of the difference are smaller than 0.9 dB for HH, VV, and HV. These magnitudes are comparable with those of the major sources of the difference: the relative calibration errors of the airborne instruments ( $ ), speckle noise ( $\sim\!{0}.{35}\;\text {dB}$ ), effect of ${{\theta }_{\text {inc}}}$ variation within the footprint ( $ ), and geolocation uncertainty in the airborne scatterometer data ( $ ). The findings from this study are expected to apply to the inter-comparison of the SMAP and airborne data after considering the details affecting the comparison: imaging geometry, temporal synchronization, spatial collocation, antenna gain, speckle noise, and spatial resolution. When applied, the inter-comparison will provide more confidence in the calibration of SMAP.
Second and third order minimum time controllers and missile adjoints

The optimal minimum time control (i.e. a bang-bang controller) is applied to the fast reaction missile defense problem. The control may be posed either as a function of time or as a function of the states. The state space can be partitioned into regions, surfaces, and curves where the optimal control action is either its maximum plus or minus N. In missile simulation problems, the method of adjoints is often used in parametric studies of errors and miss distance. This technique is used to help visualize the solution trajectory and families of optimal trajectories for all possible initial conditions. >
Negative Index Metamaterials with Deeply Subwavelength Structural Dimensions from Near Infrared to Visible Based on Thin Filmsββ

Novel two and three-dimensional doubly negative metamaterials (DNM), viz. metamaterial with simultaneously negative permittivity, permeability, and index of refraction, are introduced. The metamaterials comprise deeply subwavelength periodic unit cells, can be tuned to operate in the near infra-red and visible spectra, and can be manufactured using standard nanofabrication methods with compatible materials. The DNMs' unit cell comprises an optically thin metal film sandwiched between two thin metal strips or patches residing at a small distance from the film. The cavity formed between the strips or patches supports resonances with magnetic and electric response that can be tuned to exist in overlapping frequency bands thus leading to the DNM operation.
Older Adults Under a Mixed Regime of Infectious and Chronic Diseases

Objective. Analyze the impact of a mixed regime of infectious and chronic conditions among older adults in Mexico on their health progression. Materials and methods. A total of 12 207 adults from the Mexican Health and Aging Study were included. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between self-reported health (SRH) and covariates, including infectious and chronic diseases. Changes in SRH between 2001-2003 were analyzed using multinomial analysis. Results. Older age, low SES, poor SRH and type of disease at baseline increase the odds of poor SRH at follow-up. Odds of poor SRH are highest for persons with both types of diseases (OR 2.63, SE 0.24), followed by only chronic (OR 1.86; SE 0.12) and finally only infectious (OR 1.55; SE 0.25). Conclusion. Mexico is experiencing a mixed regime of diseases that affects the health and wellbeing of older adults. Despite the rising importance of chronic diseases in countries like Mexico, it is premature to disregard the relevance of infectious diseases for public health.
Dilatometric and X‐Ray Data for Lead Compounds, II

Linear thermal-expansion data are presented for PbAl2O4, Pb2GeO4, PbMoO4, PbWO4, the perovskite-type structures Pb2MgWO6, Pb2FeTaO6, and Pb3Fe2WO9, and the apatite-type structures Pb5(SiO4)(VO4)2, Pb5(GeO4)(VO4)2, and Pb5(GeO4)(PO4)2. X-ray powder data are given, and the behavior of the compounds is correlated with previous information from the literature.
A symmetric Interior Penalty FEM-BEM formulation

A symmetric FEM-BEM formulation was derived based on the Interior Penalty approach for the coupling between FEM and BEM. Through this approach the symmetry and the nonconformity between BEM and FEM meshes are derived naturally. The validity of the formulation was tested against Ansoft HFSS.
Low Noise Optically Tunable Opto-Electronic Oscillator With Fabry–Perot Etalon

A low noise optically tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) scheme which uses a 1000 finesse Fabry-Perot etalon as the mode selector is demonstrated. The dependency of input optical frequency on RF frequency is theoretically analyzed and experimentally shown. The etalon-based OEO is compared with the standard OEO with RF filter and the results show higher RF frequency stability and lower phase noise. A single optical side band modulation technique is also used to improve the spectral purity and the results are compared with the double side band modulation technique. Low noise operation of an optically tunable OEO is achieved by using optical single side band modulation.
In Utero and Lactational Exposure to Bisphenol A, In Contrast to Ethinyl Estradiol, Does Not Alter Sexually Dimorphic Behavior, Puberty, Fertility, and Anatomy of Female LE Rats

Many chemicals released into the environment display estrogenic activity including the oral contraceptive ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and the plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA). EE2 is present in some aquatic systems at concentrations sufficient to alter reproductive function of fishes. Many concerns have been raised about the potential effects of BPA. The National Toxicology Program rated the potential effects of low doses of BPA on behavior and central nervous system (CNS) as an area of "some concern," whereas most effects were rated as of "negligible" or "minimal" concern. However, the number of robust studies in this area was limited. The current study was designed to determine if maternal exposure to relatively low oral doses of EE2 or BPA in utero and during lactation would alter the expression of well-characterized sexually dimorphic behaviors or alter the age of puberty or reproductive function in the female Long-Evans rat offspring. Pregnant rats were gavaged with vehicle, EE2 (0.05-50 microg/kg/day), or BPA (2, 20, and 200 microg/kg/day) from day 7 of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 18, and the female offspring were studied. EE2 (50 microg/kg/day) increased anogenital distance and reduced pup body weight at PND2, accelerated the age at vaginal opening, reduced F1 fertility and F2 litter sizes, and induced malformations of the external genitalia (5 microg/kg). F1 females exposed to EE2 also displayed a reduced (male-like) saccharin preference (5 microg/kg) and absence of lordosis behavior (15 microg/kg), indications of defeminization of the CNS. BPA had no effect on any of the aforementioned measures. These results demonstrate that developmental exposure to pharmacologically relevant dosage levels of EE2 can permanently disrupt the reproductive morphology and function of the female rat.
Land-Use Model for Service Area Projection

A new method for projecting future sewer service areas is developed, based on a model of land use and intra-urban migration behavior. The derivation of a partial differential equation describing residential population density profiles through time is based on an analogy to the recharge well in an unconfined aquifer, and an adaptation of Darcy's Law. A numerical solution of this equation, coupled with an evaluation of the changes in residential density at the service area periphery, is the basis for generating successive future sewer service areas. Because the model forces the user into an investigation of land-use changes, it is suggested that the method provides a more rational basis for the specification of design year flows for interceptors and sewage treatment facilities than do the traditional subjective expedients.
Congenital absence of the fibula.

CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF THE FIBULA MARK COVENTRY;EINER JOHNSON; The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
The Road to NHDPlus — Advancements in Digital Stream Networks and Associated Catchments†

A progression of advancements in Geographic Information Systems techniques for hydrologic network and associated catchment delineation has led to the production of the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus). NHDPlus is a digital stream network for hydrologic modeling with catchments and a suite of related geospatial data. Digital stream networks with associated catchments provide a geospatial framework for linking and integrating water-related data. Advancements in the development of NHDPlus are expected to continue to improve the capabilities of this national geospatial hydrologic framework. NHDPlus is built upon the medium-resolution NHD and, like NHD, was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Geological Survey to support the estimation of streamflow and stream velocity used in fate-and-transport modeling. Catchments included with NHDPlus were created by integrating vector information from the NHD and from the Watershed Boundary Dataset with the gridded land surface elevation as represented by the National Elevation Dataset. NHDPlus is an actively used and continually improved dataset. Users recognize the importance of a reliable stream network and associated catchments. The NHDPlus spatial features and associated data tables will continue to be improved to support regional water quality and streamflow models and other user-defined applications.
Strong glucose dependence of electron current in human monocytes.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by human monocytes differs profoundly from that by neutrophils and eosinophils in its dependence on external media glucose. Activated granulocytes produce v...
Modeling Political Consumerism Among Young Consumers An Ecological Systems Approach

Studies of political consumerism among young citizens are a relatively recent development. In this study, the authors use Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of child development as a first attempt to build an explanatory model of teens’ socialization into political consumption behaviors. Structural equation modeling indicates that certain cultural factors (e.g., church attendance, parent education) influence micro-level systems within which children might acquire political consumer behaviors (including parent-child interaction, school activities related to politics, and online media use). Implications are discussed.
Intraoperative photoacoustic tumor imaging

We report a microelectromechanical systems based intraoperative PAT technique, and demonstrate its ability for accurately mapping tumors in three-dimension and inspecting the completeness of tumor resection during surgery in an animal model.
Chapter 2:Applications for Activity-based Probes in Drug Discovery

The path to a new therapeutic drug is long and difficult and involves many stages including validation of a target, design and selection of a lead compound and finally development of the lead into a drug. This chapter will discuss a relatively new technology that makes use of small molecules termed activity based probes (ABPs). These probes bind in the active site of a target enzyme or class of enzymes in an activity dependent fashion. Thus probe labeling serves as an indirect readout of enzyme activity, allowing the dynamic regulation of the target enzyme to be monitored using a number of biochemical and cell biological methods. In addition, labeled targets can be directly isolated by affinity methods, thereby allowing identification of potentially valuable drug targets based solely on their ability to bind a small molecule. Finally, because of the high degree of selectivity of ABPs for a given target protein class, they can be used for studies of drug binding and efficacy in complex cellular mixtures, intact cells and even in whole animals. These attributes of ABPs make them extremely valuable reagents for use at multiple points in the drug discovery process.
Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Young and Middle‐Aged Adults: Effects of Positive Airway Pressure and Compliance on Arterial Stiffness, Endothelial Function, and Cardiac Hemodynamics

The cardiovascular effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients are not clear because of confounding by comorbid conditions.Prospective interventional study of PAP therapy and withdrawal. Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI; events/hour of sleep) was determined from polysomnography. Central aortic blood pressures (BPs), Aortic Augmentation Index (AAIx), and central (PWVc-f) and peripheral pulse wave (PWVc-r) velocities were determined by applanation tonometry. Echocardiography and brachial artery reactivity testing were performed at baseline, after 4 and 12 weeks of PAP therapy, and 1 week after PAP withdrawal. The 84 participants were mean (SD) 41.1 (7.6) years old and had 39.8 (24.5) AHI events/hour. After 4 weeks post-PAP initiation and sustained after 12 weeks, subjects experienced decreases in central systolic BP (P=0.008), diastolic BP, mean BP, AAIx, and PWVc-r, and brachial artery dilation (all P<0.001), as well as improvements in left ventricular diastolic function and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. In adjusted models, PAP use (hours/night) predicted reductions in diastolic BP (β=-0.65 [SE, 0.32] mm Hg/hour; P=0.045), AAIx (β=-0.53 [0.27] %/hour; P=0.049) and PWVc-r (β=-0.13 [0.05] m·s(-1)/hour; P=0.007), and improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (β=0.31 [0.14] %/hour use; P=0.015). After 1 week of PAP withdrawal, brachial diameter, diastolic BP, mean BP, AAIx, and heart rate increased (P≤0.05).PAP therapy reduces arterial tone and improves endothelial and diastolic function in young to middle-aged adults. This positive effect is observed after 4 weeks and depends on hours of use, but reverts quickly with PAP withdrawal.URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT01317329.
Opportunities for near zero volt storage of lithium ion batteries

There are inherent safety risks associated with inactive lithium ion batteries leading to greater restrictions and regulations on shipping and inactive storage. Maintaining all cells of a lithium ion battery at near zero voltage with an applied fixed load is one promising approach which can lessen (and potentially eliminate) the risk of a lithium ion battery entering thermal runaway when in an inactive state. However, in a conventional lithium ion cell, a near zero cell voltage can be damaging if the anode electrochemical potential increases to greater than the potential where dissolution of the copper current collector occurs (i.e. ∼3.1 V vs. Li/Li+ at room temperature). Past approaches to yield lithium ion cells that are tolerant to a near zero volt state of charge will be reviewed and their anticipated tradeoffs discussed. Additionally, the present work introduces a novel method to prevent the anode potential from increasing to greater than ∼3.1 V vs. Li/Li+ during near zero volt storage by modifying the amount of reversible lithium in a conventional cell using a pre-lithiated anode. Specifically, LiCoO2/MCMB pouch cells fabricated with a pre-lithiated anode maintained 99% of their original capacity after three, 3 day and three, 7 day storage periods at near zero volts under fixed load. A LiCoO2/MCMB pouch cell fabricated with a pre-lithiated anode also maintained its original discharge performance after three, 3 day storage periods under fixed load at 45 °C. Thus, modifying the amount of reversible lithium in a cell with anode pre-lithiation is a promising concept to achieve lithium ion cells with high tolerance to near zero volt storage without modification to typical cell construction parameters or use of unconventional materials.
CHRISTOPHER P. LINHART, M.D., FORGOTTEN PHYSICAL EDUCATOR.

Abstract This study details the life and professional work of Christopher P. Linhart, M.D., an important but now forgotten physical educator. His professional career from 1886 to 1904 was spent primarily at Newark Academy, Manhattan Athletic Club, Union College, and Ohio State University. He was the first director of physical training at Ohio State. His life provides a significant precedent for us today through his training and education, diversified experience, professional dedication and principles, personal example, and professional responsibility. In 1904 he resigned from Ohio State to go into private medical practice. Reasons for this decisive change are discussed.
Examining the influence of microRNAs on translation efficiency and on mRNA deadenylation and decay.

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) utilize multiple posttranscriptional mechanisms to downregulate gene expression in metazoan organisms. These include translation repression and accelerated mRNA decay, the latter being triggered either by deadenylation or, less frequently, by endonucleolytic cleavage, as governed by the degree of complementarity of the targeted message. This chapter describes methods for examining the effect of miRNAs on the translation and turnover of complementary mRNAs in cultured mammalian cells. Among these are procedures for quantifying their influence on the cytoplasmic concentration and translation efficiency of luciferase reporter mRNAs, for monitoring their impact on the deadenylation and decay of β-globin reporter mRNAs, and for detecting miRNA-directed internal mRNA cleavage.
Culturing Larvae of Blister Beetles on Diets Containing Different Pollens Collected by Honeybees

SummaryLarvae of Nemognatha nitidula, N. lurida apicalis and N. nigripennis were reared in the laboratory on a diet composed of pollen collected by honeybees, honey, demineralized water, and mould inhibitor. TV. nitidula, which proved to be the most adaptable of the species, was fed on media containing the following pollens: Solidago + Polygonum, Robinia pseudoacacia + Prunus serotina, or Taraxacum officinale. The percentage of larvae surviving was greatest on the diet containing Taraxacum pollen.
Effects of Shock Waves on the Rat Ovary

Abstract The studies reported in this paper were undertaken to investigate the effect of shock waves on ovarian function. In an initial study, five female Wistar rats underwent general anesthesia. One ovary was then exposed to 1500 shock waves at 20 kV using the Dornier XL-1 experimental lithotripter. One week following this treatment, the animals were sacrificed and both ovaries were step sectioned. We counted all follicles that contained both an oocyte and antrum. These follicles in turn were classified further as being healthy or atretic. No statistical difference in these counts was observed between shocked and unshocked ovaries taken from the same animal. In the definitive study, thirty-one adult female Wistar rats underwent unilateral oophorectomy. These rats were then divided into treated, sham-treated and control groups. The eleven treated animals were given general anesthesia and received 1500 shocks at 15 kV directed at their remaining ovary using the Dornier XL-1 lithotripter. The ten sham treated animals received identical anesthesia and duration of waterbath immersion as the treated group. In contrast, however, sham treated animals were positioned outside the path of the focused shock wave. The control group received no treatment. Normal estrus cycle was maintained in all groups following shock wave exposure. Two weeks after this exposure, all three groups of animals were allowed to mate. All animals in each of the three groups became pregnant. There was no statistical difference in litter size or fetal weights at three weeks gestation. No gross teratogenic effects were observed. The rat ovary appears to be structurally and functionally resistant to the shock wave energy levels used in this experiment
Delusional infestation : the interface of delusions and hallucinations

Delusional infestation represents a unique subtype of the delusional disorder category. This article presents the phenomenology, etiology, and treatment of delusional infestation. This article also reviews historical and theoretical attempts to distinguish tactile sensory phenomena as either hallucinations or delusions.
Cancer chemotherapy: examples of current progress and future perspectives

Pharmacological success in the treatment of many forms of cardiovascular disease has been achieved and, as a consequence, cancer is emerging as the primary cause of mortality in a number of countries. During the past two decades much fundamental knowledge has been generated concerning the molecular biology of neoplasia and the manner in which carcinogens, viruses and the human genome contribute to the occurrence of malignant disease. Although behavioural modification and changes in the environment may possibly reduce the incidence of cancer in the long term, it is certain that in the next two decades, the combination of genetic predisposition and exposure to carcinogens will significantly increase the incidence of cancer in our aging population. A marked decrease in the mortality from several forms of human cancer has occurred in the past decade. For example, treatment of Hodgkin’s Disease, certain leukemias, and testicular cancer has increased 5 vear survival to almost 90%.
How Do We Determine Futility for Patients in Need of Liver Transplantation

Futility remains poorly defined in healthcare and entails a large portion of healthcare spending. With limited resources, the field of liver transplantation attempts to minimize cases of futility but struggles to balance the difficulty to provide a life-saving procedure to an increasingly sick patient population as seen with rising Model-for-End-Stage-Liver Disease (MELD) scores. This paper aims to explore the historical context of organ allocation, utilize the medical ethical principles for organ allocation, and review the literature on how to improve transplant outcomes and reduce ‘futile’ cases. In addition, the piece will also delve into the application of palliative care in the management of both listed patients and those who are deemed futile. As transplant centers continue to be challenged with higher expectations and sicker patients, the field needs to develop a consensus statement on how to define futility and determine what measurements should be used to assess centers’ transplant performance.
Sparse sensing with coprime arrays

Coprime sampling has, in the past, been used for signal processing applications such as range and doppler improvement in radar, and for identifying sinusoids in noise. This paper considers a coprime pair of samplers in space or time from the point of view of the difference coarray, which is key to the increased freedom available for processing with such arrays. First, two uniform linear arrays with N and M elements in space are considered. With the interelement spacings in the two arrays given by Mλ/2 and Nλ/2 where M and N are coprime integers, it is shown that the difference coarray has O(MN) freedoms, so that the number of freedoms available for DOA estimation and beamforming is O(MN). This implies in particular that a passive array can identify O(MN) sources using only M + N sensor elements. It is then shown that by using an N-band DFT filter bank and an M-band DFT filter bank in conjunction with the two arrays, it is possible to create a virtual filter bank with MN bands (i.e., MN beams). The increased number of freedoms can be exploited either in a passive setting (using time-domain averaging) or in an active setting as in radar and sonar.1
An Examination of the Relationship Between Consequence-Specific Normative Belief Patterns and Alcohol-Related Consequences Among College Students

Background Research has previously identified a high-risk subgroup of college students who experience high levels of multiple and repeated alcohol-related consequences (MRC group). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between consequence-specific normative influences and experiencing multiple and repeated drinking-related consequences using a person-centered approach. Normative subgroups were identified using latent profile analysis (LPA), which were then used to predict MRC group status at 6-month follow-up. Methods First-year college student drinkers (N = 2,024) at a large northeastern university completed online surveys during the fall and spring semesters of their freshman year. Retention was high with 92% of invited participants completing T2, of which the MRC group accounted for 27%. Results Three student profiles were identified from LPA on T1 data: Nonpermissive Parents (77%), Positive Peer and Parent Norms (21%), and Permissive Parents (3%). Logistic regression revealed that both the Positive Peer and Parent Norms and Permissive Parents profiles had significantly higher odds of MRC group membership at follow-up (1.81 and 2.78 times greater, respectively). Conclusions The results suggest value in prevention efforts that include normative beliefs about alcohol-related consequences. Further, parental norms in particular have the potential to enhance interventions, especially through direct communication of disapproval for experiencing consequences.
Why Does Ethnicity Increase in Salience as Political Order Decays

AbstractWe know more about the sources of political violence than we sometimes admit. Conflict scholars now have a reasonably well-developed, if still largely informal, spiral model of ethnic mobil...
With Gratitude to the CJASN Community.

The Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ( CJASN ) was first published only 11 years ago, yet CJASN and the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology ( JASN ) are now the two most widely read nephrology journals. This is a testament to the foresight and wise decision of the
Enzymic biosynthesis of pyrimidine deoxynucleotides during Rana pipiens development

Abstract The in vitro activities of TMP and dCMP phosphatases, TMP and dCMP kinases and dCMP deaminase obtained from developing Rana pipiens eggs and embryos are presented. During embryogenesis only dCMP deaminase exhibits any marked changes in activity prior to embryonic hatching. The abrupt increase in dCMP deaminase which occurs following fertilization is due to dCTP activation of the enzyme.
A 28-GHz Harmonic-Tuned Power Amplifier in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS

The design methodology and measurement results of a millimeter-wave harmonic-tuned power amplifier (PA) are presented. The PA uses optimum fundamental and second-harmonic terminations to achieve high peak power-added efficiency (PAE). We present a parasitic-aware design technique for the output network realized as a bandpass filter cascaded with or surrounded by a low-pass matching network. This technique demonstrates a method of manipulating the second-harmonic phase of a Chebyshev bandpass filter, while maintaining a suitable impedance match at the fundamental. The technique is applied to a 28-GHz PA in SiGe BiCMOS, which achieves 15.3-dB gain, 18.6-dBm saturated output power, 15.5-dBm output 1-dB compression point, and 35.3% peak PAE. When backed off 6- from 1-dB compression, the PA achieves 11.5% PAE with a third-order intermodulation product of −33.7 dBc.
Modeling warm dense matter experiments using the 3D ALE-AMR code and the move toward exascale computing

The Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment II (NDCX II) is an induction accelerator planned for initial commissioning in 2012. The final design calls for a 3 MeV, Li+ ion beam, delivered in a bunch with characteristic pulse duration of 1 ns, and transverse dimension of order 1 mm. The NDCX II will be used in studies of material in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime, and ion beam/hydrodynamic coupling experiments relevant to heavy ion based inertial fusion energy. We discuss recent efforts to adapt the 3D ALE-AMR code to model WDM experiments on NDCX II. The code, which combines Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR), has physics models that include ion deposition, radiation hydrodynamics, thermal diffusion, anisotropic material strength with material time history, and advanced models for fragmentation. Experiments at NDCX-II will explore the process of bubble and droplet formation (two-phase expansion) of superheated metal solids using ion beams. Experiments at higher temperatures will explore equation of state and heavy ion fusion beam-to-target energy coupling efficiency. Ion beams allow precise control of local beam energy deposition providing uniform volumetric heating on a timescale shorter than that of hydrodynamic expansion. We also briefly discuss the effects of the move to exascale computing and related computational changes on general modeling codes in fusion.
624. Immunovirotherapy Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Treating Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is invariably fatal despite all current therapies, with a median survival of about 15 months. Glioblastoma contains cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells, a subpopulation of cancer cells that are thought to be important in tumor initiation, progression, heterogeneity, recurrence and resistance to therapy, and thus critical targets for therapy. We have established a mouse syngeneic glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) tumor model using 005 GSCs, isolated from activated H-Ras and Akt gliomas induced in Tp53+/- C57Bl/6 mice, which recapitulates the hallmarks of human glioblastoma. Immunovirotheray takes advantage of the natural inflammatory responses to virus infection and oncolytic virus-induced cancer cell death to drive antitumor immunity. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) are genetically-engineered to selectively replicate in cancer cells without harming normal tissue. In this study, we test G47Δ-mIL12, an oHSV expressing murine IL-12, a critical cytokine involved in adaptive and innate immune responses as well as anti-angiogenesis. G47Δ-mIL12 increases the survival of immunocompetent mice bearing 005 GSC-derived intracerebral tumors, compared to non-cytokine expressing G47Δ-empty.Immune checkpoints, especially co-inhibitory molecules like PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, play a critical role in regulating immune responses and suppressing antitumor immune effector cells. PD-1 is expressed on immune cells, as is PD-L1, which is also expressed on endothelial and tumor cells. PD-L1 is expressed on a minority of 005 GSCs in vitro, but is induced by IFNγ in almost all 005 GSCs. Blocking antibodies to these molecules have been shown to be very effective at unleashing antitumor immunity. Therefore, we hypothesized that oHSV, which induces antitumor immune responses, should synergize with checkpoint inhibitor antibodies in inhibiting glioblastoma growth. Mice with established 005 GSC-derived tumors were treated with a single intratumoral injection of G47Δ-mIL12 or PBS, followed by systemic anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or control antibody. Single treatments had a small but significant impact on survival, compared to mock treatment. The combination further extended survival, compared to virus or anti-PD-1 alone. We are examining the immunologic effects of treatment in order to understand the mechanism of action and how to improve outcomes. Combining local delivery of oncolytic viruses (immunovirotherapy) with systemic blockade of immune checkpoints is a promising strategy to target cancer stem cells.
LETOR Methods for Unsupervised Rank Aggregation

Learning the true rank ordering among objects by aggregating a set of expert opinion rank order lists is an important and ubiquitous problem in many applications ranging from social choice theory to recommendation systems and search aggregation. We study the problem of unsupervised rank aggregation where no ground truth ordering information in available, neither about the true preference ordering among any set of objects nor about the quality of individual rank lists. Aggregating the often inconsistent and poor quality rank lists in such an unsupervised manner is a highly challenging problem, and standard consensus-based methods fall short in terms of both quality and scalability. In this manuscript we propose a novel framework to bypass these issues by using object attributes to augment the standard rank aggregation framework. We design algorithms that learn joint models on both rank lists and object features to obtain an aggregated rank ordering that is more accurate and robust, and also helps weed out rank lists of dubious validity. We validate our techniques on synthetic datasets where our algorithm is able to estimate the true rank ordering even when the rank lists are corrupted. Experiments on three real datasets, MQ2008, MQ2007 and OHSUMED, show that using object features can result in significant improvement in performance over existing rank aggregation methods that do not use object information. Furthermore, when at least some of the rank lists are of high quality, our methods are able to effectively exploit such information to output an aggregated rank ordering of high accuracy.
Self-managing HIV/AIDS: cultural competence and health among women in Nairobi, Kenya.

Despite recent efforts to supply antiretroviral therapy, many in Africa are not receiving medication, instead relying on self-management in their attempts to remain healthy. In Kenya, the majority ...