cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Range Expansion of Moose in Arctic Alaska Linked to Warming and Increased Shrub Habitat

Twentieth century warming has increased vegetation productivity and shrub cover across northern tundra and treeline regions, but effects on terrestrial wildlife have not been demonstrated on a comparable scale. During this period, Alaskan moose (Alces alces gigas) extended their range from the boreal forest into tundra riparian shrub habitat; similar extensions have been observed in Canada (A. a. andersoni) and Eurasia (A. a. alces). Northern moose distribution is thought to be limited by forage availability above the snow in late winter, so the observed increase in shrub habitat could be causing the northward moose establishment, but a previous hypothesis suggested that hunting cessation triggered moose establishment. Here, we use recent changes in shrub cover and empirical relationships between shrub height and growing season temperature to estimate available moose habitat in Arctic Alaska c. 1860. We estimate that riparian shrubs were approximately 1.1 m tall c. 1860, greatly reducing the available forage above the snowpack, compared to 2 m tall in 2009. We believe that increases in riparian shrub habitat after 1860 allowed moose to colonize tundra regions of Alaska hundreds of kilometers north and west of previous distribution limits. The northern shift in the distribution of moose, like that of snowshoe hares, has been in response to the spread of their shrub habitat in the Arctic, but at the same time, herbivores have likely had pronounced impacts on the structure and function of these shrub communities. These northward range shifts are a bellwether for other boreal species and their associated predators.
Changes of T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with juvenile-onset laryngeal papilloma and the adjuvant effect of spleen aminopeptide

Objective To investigate the Changes of T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of children with juvenile onset laryngeal papilloma( JLP) and the adjuvant effect of spleen aminopeptide. Methods Sixty children with JLP were randomly divided into group A and group B,with thirty patients in each group. All of the JLP had been removed with electric suction cutter under laryngeal endoscope. The children in group A were treated with operation combined with spleen aminopeptide taken orally while the others in group B accepted operative treatment only. Twenty healthy children who had physical examination during the same period were enrolled as the control group. Flow cytometric analysis was employed to study T-lymphocyte subsets in Peripheral Blood of 60 children with JLP and 20 healthy controls. Results Before treatment,the percentage of CD3+T,CD4+T lymphocyte subsets and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+of the JLP children were all significantly lower than those of the healthy control group( P 0. 05). The percentage of CD3+T, CD4+T lymphocyte subsets and the clinical efficacy in JLP children after treatment with spleen aminopeptide were all significantly increased( P 0. 05),while the ratio of CD4+/CD 8+T returned to normal. Conclusions The T-lymphocyte subsets-mediated cellular immune function is depressed in children with JLP. Treatment with spleen aminopeptide can recover the imbalance of the ratio of T-lymphocyte subsets and improve the cellular immune function in JLP children,and has a good adjuvant effect for JLP.
Hierarchical modeling of systems with similar components: A framework for adaptive monitoring and control

Abstract System management includes the selection of maintenance actions depending on the available observations: when a system is made up by components known to be similar, data collected on one is also relevant for the management of others. This is typically the case of wind farms, which are made up by similar turbines. Optimal management of wind farms is an important task due to high cost of turbines׳ operation and maintenance: in this context, we recently proposed a method for planning and learning at system-level, called PLUS, built upon the Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) framework, which treats transition and emission probabilities as random variables, and is therefore suitable for including model uncertainty. PLUS models the components as independent or identical. In this paper, we extend that formulation, allowing for a weaker similarity among components. The proposed approach, called Multiple Uncertain POMDP (MU-POMDP), models the components as POMDPs, and assumes the corresponding parameters as dependent random variables. Through this framework, we can calibrate specific degradation and emission models for each component while, at the same time, process observations at system-level. We compare the performance of the proposed MU-POMDP with PLUS, and discuss its potential and computational complexity.
Comment: Further Reassessment of "Conventional Wisdom::" Political Knowledge and Voting Behavior in Rural Kenya*

In his article, "A Reassessment of Conventional Wisdom About the Informed Public,"' Fred Hayward questions the validity of one of the more pervasive assumptions about political behavior in the new states-that the members of these polities, particularly residents of rural areas, are generally uninformed about the political process, and are consequently incapable of meaningful and rational participation in their countries' political life. Presenting survey data from six Ghanaian communities, Hayward argues that the publics of the new states are much better informed about the political process than heretofore supposed. Indeed, on some dimensions, these publics may be even better informed than the publics of polities regarded as more developed. Hayward's finding is significant, for it suggests
Effects of Carbohydrate Source on Genetic Competence in Streptococcus mutans

ABSTRACT The capacity to internalize and catabolize carbohydrates is essential for dental caries pathogens to persist and cause disease. The expression of many virulence-related attributes by Streptococcus mutans, an organism strongly associated with human dental caries, is influenced by the peptide signaling pathways that control genetic competence. Here, we demonstrate a relationship between the efficiency of competence signaling and carbohydrate source. A significant increase in the activity of the promoters for comX, comS, and comYA after exposure to competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) was observed in cells growing on fructose, maltose, sucrose, or trehalose as the primary carbohydrate source, compared to cells growing on glucose. However, only cells grown in the presence of trehalose or sucrose displayed a significant increase in transformation frequency. Notably, even low concentrations of these carbohydrates in the presence of excess glucose could enhance the expression of comX, encoding a sigma factor needed for competence, and the effects on competence were dependent on the cognate sugar:phosphotransferase permease for each carbohydrate. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter fusions, we observed that growth in fructose or trehalose resulted in a greater proportion of the population activating expression of comX and comS, encoding the precursor of comX-inducing peptide (XIP), after addition of CSP, than growth in glucose. Thus, the source of carbohydrate significantly impacts the stochastic behaviors that regulate subpopulation responses to CSP, which can induce competence in S. mutans. IMPORTANCE The signaling pathways that regulate development of genetic competence in Streptococcus mutans are intimately intertwined with the pathogenic potential of the organism, impacting biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and expression of known virulence determinants. Induction of the gene for the master regulator of competence, ComX, by competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) occurs in a subpopulation of cells. Here, we show that certain carbohydrates that are common in the human diet enhance the ability of CSP to activate transcription of comX and that a subset of these carbohydrates stimulates progression to the competent state. The cognate sugar:phosphotransferase permeases for each sugar are needed for these effects. Interestingly, single-cell analysis shows that the carbohydrates that increase com gene expression do so by enhancing the proportion of cells that respond to CSP. A mathematical model is developed to explain how carbohydrates modulate bistable behavior in the system via the ComRS pathway and ComX stability.
Progress toward Light-Harvesting Self-Electrophoretic Motors: Highly Efficient Bimetallic Nanomotors and Micropumps in Halogen Media

We have developed a highly efficient, bubble-free autonomous nanomotor based on a nanobattery. Bimetallic silver–platinum nanorods are powered by self-electrophoresis and show speeds much higher than those of other electrophoretic motors at similar fuel concentrations. The fuel (I2) can be regenerated by exposure to ambient light, leading to renewed motion of the motor. This versatile system can also be made into a micropump that transports fluid and particles.
The double transition of transitional justice in Peru: confronting the appeal of iron-fist policies

Peru is facing a crisis of citizen insecurity that stems in part from the rule of law deficits connected to judicial problems and corruption that transitional justice mechanisms sought to remedy but failed to accomplish. This insecurity has fuelled the appeal of Keiko Fujimori, daughter and political heir of the authoritarian regime that ruled Peru in the 1990s, who offers iron-fist policies to defeat crime. To understand how unresolved human security concerns – such as citizen security – are potentially threatening to the consolidation of transitional justice policies, transitional justice needs to be conceptualised as encompassing two related but distinct transitions. While the first phase addresses the injustices from the immediate aftermath of a conflict or fall of an authoritarian regime, the second transition must address the insecurities that can potentially threaten any progress the state and society have made towards establishing democracy and rule of law. It is argued here that the failure to ad...
Hyperbaton: The World as Syntax

This chapter explores another instance of neo-baroque distortion: hyperbaton; that is, the trope of syntactic reconfiguration that figuratively points to the relative and conjectural nature of the universe. In contrast to a common reading of Gongora’s Las Soledades in which the text is seen as a reflection of the world, in this chapter Baler reads Gongora’s meandering writing in light of a metaphor that has still not been sufficiently explored: the metaphor of the world as syntax. This impulse of Gongora to construct a textual organization based on a configuring imagination found meaningful echoes in Borges’s labile universe. From this viewpoint, Borgesian fiction (with its transmutation of the categorical structures of reality and its intrepid conjectural reconfigurations.) appears fundamentally hyperbatic.
Consumer cynicism and perceived deception in vanity sizing: The moderating role of retailer (dis)honesty

Abstract While prior scholarship has acknowledged the overall positive influence of vanity sizing on consumer outcomes, no work to date has addressed the psychological process that occurs when consumers suspect retailers of dishonest sizing information. This is an important process to understand because perceptions of deceptive retailer motives lead consumers to react negatively to the product and the retailer, regardless of the retailer's actual motives. Thus, this research utilizes attribution theory to examine perceived deception as a mediator between consumer cynicism (a dispositional trait) and consumer outcomes. The results reveal that at higher levels of consumer cynicism, prior knowledge of deceptive sizing practices has an amplifying effect on the influence of consumer cynicism on perceived deception, while retailer honesty with sizing issues helps to block this influence. Further, perceived deception leads to reduced consumer outcomes, confirming prior findings in the literature.
Commercial Isobutylene Polymers

Isobutylene copolymers, such as butyl, halobutyl, and brominated poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene), have chemical and physical characteristics that make them highly useful in a wide variety of applications. The low degree of permeability to gases accounts for the largest commercial uses of butyl and halobutyl rubbers, namely, inner tubes and tire innerliners. These properties are also of importance in air cushions, pneumatic springs, air bellows, accumulator bags, and pharmaceutical closures. The thermal stability of butyl rubber and halobutyl rubber makes it ideal for rubber tire-curing bladders, high temperature service hoses, and conveyor belts for hot material handling. With the added thermal stability in brominated poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene), it has made in roads in applications of bladders and curing envelopes. Keywords: butyl rubber; elastomeric vulcanizates; halobutyl; plasticizers; polyisobutylene
A negative view of menopause: does the type of symptom matter?

AbstractObjectives: To assess the association between the type of symptom and women’s self-reported view of menopause.Methods: The study was conducted at Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, between January 2006 and October 2014. Women aged 40–64 were included. Data from 1420 women were analyzed in a cross-sectional design. The Menopause Health Questionnaire was used for symptom assessment. Odds ratios (ORs) and population attributable risk (PAR) (OR × percent frequency) were calculated for each symptom. Logistic regression analyses were performed with the view of menopause as the dependent variable.Results: Anxiety (2.34), depressed mood (2.24), irritability (2.22), vaginal itching (2.27), crying spells (2.1) and breast tenderness (2.08) were associated with highest odds of having a negative view of menopause. Highest PAR (population impact) symptoms were anxiety (22.27), weight gain (20.66), fatigue (20.28) and irritability (19.41). Hot flushes and night sweats, although common, were not associated with a negativ...
Clustering, Prominence and Social Network Analysis on Incomplete Networks

Social networks are a source of large scale graphs. We study how social network algorithms behave on sparsified versions of such networks with two motivations in mind: 1. In practice, it is challenging to collect, store and process the entire often constantly growing network, so it is important to understand how algorithms behave on incomplete views of a network. 2. Even if one has the full network, algorithms may be infeasible at such large scale, and the only option may be to sparsify the networks to make them computationally tractable while still maintaining the fidelity of the social network algorithms.
A 10-GHz Delay Line Frequency Discriminator and PD/CP-Based CMOS Phase Noise Measurement Circuit

This paper presents a delay line frequency discriminator and phase detector/charge pump (PD/CP)-based phase noise measurement (PNM) circuit with wide bandwidth, great sensitivity, and reliable on-chip integration. A delay-locked loop is integrated to automatically align the PD input phases, and a dc offset cancellation circuit is embedded to overcome the circuit mismatches. This PNM demonstrates −61/−81 dBc single tone sensitivity and −110.35/−138.60 dBc/Hz phase noise sensitivity at 100 kHz/1 MHz-offset, respectively, for a 10-GHz clock. The PNM errors are 0.35/1.12 dB at 100 kHz/1 MHz, respectively, compared with the signal analyzer’s (Agilent N9030A) PNM results. The PNM bandwidth is 110 MHz. This proof-of-concept design is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology with the chip area of 1.5 mm $\times1.3$ mm. The circuit consumes 97.7 mW of power.
TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE CITIES SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT STRATEGY IN KARBALA CITY

Transportation is the most sector vitality in the city, and represents more sectors polluting, as it represents the ratio of pollution resulting from it by more than 65% of the total pollution in the city, and has negative effects on human health and community and other organisms, as well as their impact on the degradation, distortion and extinction urban interfaces especially heritage and archaeological buildings. Sustainable transport is one of transition strategies towards sustainable cities that adopt modern trends such as Smart Growth and New Urbanism etc., which aims to provide: - Providing quality of life for urban environment and free of polluting emissions. - Providing suitable transportation modes, and taking into account the social, environmental, economic and physical dimensions of society. - Sustainable transport gives priority to use of non-motorized transport modes (pedestrians, cyclists) in mobility as well as public transport (metro, tram, and bus etc.). The search study of Mexico City experience, which adoption of sustainable transport to solve the pollution problem in the city by applying the policies most important to increase the number of lanes metro and public transport buses, and replacement of transport modes by other non-polluting and accommodate larger numbers of passengers and other policies, where application of these policies to improve the city's environment by providing and improving public transport, reduce number of private cars, and encourage transport modes is automated. Suggested search sustainable transport adoption in Karbala city to importance of religious and historical city and prepare a set of proposals to reduce pollution in the city and organize and coordinate proposals plan and a design. the most important proposals are: city center proposals by emphasizing pedestrian traffic and use of public transport in transfer of visitors to city center and use of intelligent transport. As well as public transport proposals to establish a special public transport pathways inside residential neighborhoods.
Comparative Effectiveness for Glycemic Control in Older Adults with Diabetes.

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current data for comparative effectiveness of glycemic control in older adults. In the last several years, professional societies have released guidelines for glycemic control in older adults, generally recommending individualized HbA1c goals. However, recent observational studies demonstrate that many older adults remain aggressively managed and are at increased risk of hypoglycemia. Large randomized trials of older adults with diabetes have failed to show convincing cardiovascular benefit from intensive glycemic control and suggest some microvascular benefit. Additionally, a few studies suggest that suboptimal glycemic control can increase the risk for geriatric syndromes. Emerging research suggests similar safety and efficacy of glucose-lowering therapies in older versus younger adults. Overall, there is a paucity of data supporting the benefit of intensive glycemic control in older adults. More research is needed in this vulnerable population.
PREVALENCE OF VITREOMACULAR ADHESION IN PATIENTS WITHOUT MACULOPATHY OLDER THAN 40 YEARS.

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and factors influencing vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) or vitreomacular traction (VMT) in subjects without maculopathy older than age 40 years. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, 1,950 eyes in 1,090 participants aged 40 to 89 years representing various ethnic groups from 14 centers in the United States underwent a comprehensive eye examination, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography. A team of independent, masked readers classified the presence or absence of VMA/VMT on spectral domain optical coherence tomography based on the International Vitreomacular Traction Study Group rubric. RESULTS Across all eyes, the prevalence of VMA or VMT was 39% or 1%, respectively. For every 1-year increase in age, there was a statistically significant 7% decreased odds of having VMA or VMT (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-0.96; P 1,500 μm was significantly more likely than VMA <1,500 μm in younger adults (95% CI: 0.70-0.86; P < 0.001), hyperopes versus emmetropes (95% CI: 1.49-35.9; P = 0.01), primary eye care versus tertiary practices (95% CI: 0.03-0.92; P = 0.04), and patients without hyperlipidemia (95% CI: 0.04-0.83; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Vitreomacular adhesion is highly prevalent among middle-aged adults. Diagnostic screening with spectral domain optical coherence tomography may help to accurately detect VMA or VMT, prompting routine monitoring and timely therapeutic intervention.
Endoscopic Evaluation and Management of Gastric Stromal Tumors

Purpose of Review Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are both relatively common. Management of these lesions has been challenging with emerging interest in the endoscopic approach for both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Recent Findings Although these can be visualized on CT scan, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) represents the standard method of evaluation and characterization using fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) when indicated. While EUS-FNA can yield diagnostic cells, full characterization requires a sufficient volume of viable cells to do molecular analysis for c-KIT and determine the mitotic index. A new generation of fine needle biopsy (FNB) needles holds promise for improving our ability to fully characterize these lesions which will hopefully lead to improved management. Very small GISTs ( 2 cm should be resected if the patient is fit and the lesion is in an accessible location. Though laparoscopic wedge resection is considered the standard of care, for small GISTs, those that are endophytic and/or located in a difficult position, pure endoscopic or hybrid laparoscopic-endoscopic approaches offer promise. Summary This review highlights the emerging advanced endoscopic approaches to GISTs. Although endoscopic removal of GISTs has two major advantages—precise localization of the lesion and gastric preservation, best practice strategies should focus on available expertise of expert endoscopists.
Four-toed theropod footprints and a paleomagnetic age from the Whetstone Falls Member of the Harebell Formation (Upper Cretaceous : Maastrichtian) , northwestern Wyoming

Abstract The Harebell Formation is a syntectonic sequence of conglomeratic sediments deposited in a narrow, rapidly subsiding trough that formed in the latest Cretaceous along the eastern margin of the ancestral uplift of what are today the Teton and Gros Ventre Mountains of northwestern Wyoming. On at least two occasions subsidence temporarily exceeded the rate of sediment supply and the area was flooded by a brackish or marine incursion from the Western Interior Seaway that lay to the east. The age of the Harebell Formation is Maastrichtian, corroborated by40K/40Ar isotopic ages, vertebrate and palynomorph biostratigraphy, and a preliminary magnetostratigraphic analysis which correlates it to the geomagnetic reversal time scale from the upper part of C31R to the base of C30N. Sandstone slabs collected from the lower Whetstone Falls Member contain nine partial and complete footprints attributable to a theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia). The footprints were formed as surface tracks in the tabular-bedded sandstone by dinosaurs that roamed the burrowed and leaf-littered sand flats and shallow waters along the margins of a low-energy, brackish-water embayment. Eight of the nine footprints represent a hitherto unknown ichnogenus, representing a four-toed pedal morphology for a theropod dinosaur which is unprecedented in the Late Cretaceous. The theropod nature of the tracks is implied by the length and narrowness of the digits and the sharp claw impressions. The tracks have clearly defined impressions of four toes, none of which appears to be a hallux in the traditional theropod sense of a small, retroverted hallux. The metapodial impression is also unlike that of other known theropod tracks: greater in relief than the digits but quite small in area. The tracks represent at least two individuals, although no clear trackways are available.Exallopuslovei, gen. et sp. nov., represents a type of theropod not currently recognized from body fossils.
Diagnosis in American Psychiatry: A Brief History of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association, a nosology in its ontological status, continues to exert authority in the diagnosis and even conceptualization of mental disorders. This chapter recounts the evolution of American psychiatric nosology within a broader picture of scientific ideologies, sociopolitical environments, and cultural contexts. Specifically, we highlight the rationale, briefly describe the developmental process, and analyze the impact of each revision of the DSM on psychiatric research and practice. We touch upon controversies that led to, and arose from, successive editions of the DSM, and posit that many prevailing issues are rooted in the vagaries of conceptualization of what constitutes a mental disorder, and consider the possibility that revising or replacing the DSM classification system with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) may prove to be of demonstrable benefit for both psychiatric research and practice.
A Life Course Health Development Perspective on Oral Health

This chapter outlines major concepts and principles embodied in the Life Course Health Development framework, examines evidence relating various aspects of major oral health-related conditions to this framework, and includes recommendations for advancing research and policy concerning oral health. LCHD provides a highly useful approach for understanding oral health determinants, disparities, and influences on general health and well-being and for advancing knowledge, policies, and programs to optimize health across individuals and populations. Substantial gaps exist in our current knowledge concerning how oral health is developed and influenced across the lifespan and the —pathways and trajectories, early programming, critical or sensitive periods, cumulative impact, and risk and protective factors—can help further our understanding of the determinants of oral health and disease and oral health disparities. LCHD also can serve as a valuable guide for developing a more contemporary conceptualization and definition of oral health which represents oral health as a more integral and integrated component of overall health and well-being of the individual.
Integrated Weed Management in Soybean

There is an array of understandings of what integrated weed management (IWM) should look like; thus, it has been defined in many different ways. Some defined it as “a combination of mutually supportive technologies in order to control weeds,” while others described it as “a multi-disciplinary approach to weed control utilizing the application of numerous alternative control measures.” Regardless of the definition, in practical terms, it means developing a weed management program using a combination of preventive, cultural, mechanical, and chemical practices. It does not mean abandoning chemical weed control, but relying on it less. Much has been written about IWM in various journals and books; thus, the objective of this chapter is not necessarily to provide an existing overview of the literature of various aspects of IWM, but rather to synthetize various aspects of IWM into a package that can be utilized by those who work and live in the applied world of weed science (e.g., practitioners). A single weed control measure is not feasible due to the number of different weed species and their highly diverse life cycles and survival strategies. In addition, controlling weeds with one or two methods provides the weeds a chance to adapt to those practices. Therefore, instead of using a particular weed control method, IWM suggests the use of a mixture of control methods that minimize the economic impact of weeds. Applying the principles of IWM can reduce the use of herbicides applied to the environment and at the same time provide optimum economic returns to the producers. In essence, the development of an IWM program is based on a few general principles that can be used at any farm: (1) use agronomic practices that limit the introduction and spread of weeds (preventing weed problems before they start), (2) help the crop compete with weeds (help “choke out” weeds), and (3) use practices that keep weeds “off balance” (do not allow weeds to adapt). Combining agronomic practices based on the above principles will allow designing an IWM program for any farming operation. IWM program is not a “recipe”; it needs to be changed and adjusted to the particular farming operation not just in soybean but in any crop. The goal is to manage, not eradicate, weeds.
Chronic effects of alcohols on mouse biomembranes.

Our recent work has been directed at determining the role of membrane lipids in the chronic effects of ethanol. The hypothesis that alcohols act at hydrophobic sites has been in favor ever since the work of Meyer and Overton, because the aliphatic alcohols fit nicely on plots showing correlation of potency with lipid solubility (1). Much more recently, Seeman (2) has shown that ethanol and its close relatives expand the membranes of red blood cells, with potencies proportional to their lipid solubility in the membrane. Either the lipids or the hydrophobic portions of the proteins could be the site of action of alcohols in biomembranes. If lipid solubility determines potency, it follows that a membrane-acting drug should affect every cell in the body. Any specificity of action of such drugs very likely reflects the relative sensitivity of various cells to perturbations of their membranes. Neurons would be expected to be the most sensitive cells in the body, since their membranes perform all the functions of general transport and in addition must carry out ion transport with a speed and precision that seems beyond the abilities of other cell types. Some specificity may also be due to differential solubility of drugs in lipids of different composition. It now seems likely that there is a good deal of variety of membrane lipid composition, not only between cells but at different regions of the same cell. The subsynaptic membrane is likely to differ from the membrane of an axon. Microscopic inhomogeneities exist in the region of the membrane proteins, many of which are apparently surrounded by a layer of boundary lipid. Thus there are many possibilities for differential actions of a membrane-acting drug on different cells. It is easy to imagine how much more complicated this field of investigation will become when we get past the early exploratory stage and begin to deal with specific actions of drugs on different parts of membranes. But for the moment, it is of interest just to sketch out the outlines of what a drug might do if it acts simply by occupying space in cell membranes and thus disrupting the function of the embedded proteins.
Double Trouble: Doppelgängers in Japanese Horror

Taking into consideration cultural expressions of the double that have appeared in literature, art, folklore, and film from around the world, Brown focuses on the role of Japanese horror as a productive cultural medium for doubles—a topic that has received relatively little attention thus far in J-horror scholarship. Analyzed both in terms of its evocations of the uncanny and with respect to the ghostly effects of the cinematic apparatus itself (with particular reference to the complex framing techniques employed to help visualize the unstable dynamics between self and double), Brown investigates the figure of the doppelganger primarily in relation to the J-horror films Bilocation (Bairokēshon; dir. Asato Mari, 2013), Doppelganger (Dopperugengā; dir. Kurosawa Kiyoshi, 2003), and Box (dir. Miike Takashi, 2004).
Translocations of sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus in North America

Sage grouse Centrocercus urophasianus have been translocated in at least seven states and one Canadian province, but little published information documents the success of these attempts. Historical and recent efforts at translocations are reviewed, their success evaluated and recommendations for future translocations are provided. Over 7,200 sage grouse have been translocated in at least 56 attempts to augment or reestablish populations since 1933. Only efforts in Colorado, Idaho, and Utah appear successful, however, breeding populations in these areas remain small. Common features of successful sage grouse translocations are: 1) reproductively-active birds were captured on leks at night in March and April, 2) birds were transported rapidly and released the morning following capture, and 3) release sites were isolated, islands of habitat surrounded by inhospitable cover distant from capture areas. Translocation of sage grouse is recommended only after careful evaluation of the release area for year-round ...
REVIEW ESSAY: Monahsetah, Resistance, and Other Markings on Turtle’s Back: A Lyric History in Poems and Essays (Maurice Kenny) and The Homing Place: Indigenous and Settler Literary Legacies of the Atlantic (Rachel Bryant)

REVIEW ESSAY: Monahsetah, Resistance, and Other Markings on Turtle’s Back: A Lyric History in Poems and Essays (Maurice Kenny) and The Homing Place: Indigenous and Settler Literary Legacies of the Atlantic (Rachel Bryant)
Residence time of groundwater issuing from the South Rim Aquifer in the eastern Grand Canyon

In the eastern Grand Canyon, secondary porosity created by north trending faults, folds, and breccia pipes, facilitates groundwater flow through the South Rim carbonate aquifer. Springs associated with the South Rim Aquifer have low H concentrations, [Ca']/[Mg '] ratios close to unity, and variable uranium concentrations. For a geochemical comparison, springs are subcategorized on the basis of geology and discharge. Type I springs are associated with high-angle normal faults and have high discharge rates. These springs discharge Ca+-Mg+, HC03waters, have H concentrations 3 AR, which suggest long groundwater residence times. Type II and IV springs are located on canyon mesas and have low discharge rates. These springs are predominantly Ca+Mg+, SO/ waters, have tritium ratios between I and 6 TR, and U/U activity ratios between I and 2 AR Higher H and U concentrations and low U/U activity ratios in the latter waters may be due to shorter groundwater residence time. Based on H concentration, the occurrence of dedolomitization, and the resultant uranium isotope fractionation in groundwater, the minimum residence time of water discharging from the South Rim Aquifer is indicated to be > 40 years
Siloxanes with aliphatic isocyanate groups: a tetrafunctional cross-linking agent

Tetramethylcylcotetrasiloxane (D4H) was hydrosilylated with α,α′-dimethyl meta-isopropenyl benzyl isocyanate (m-TMI). The reaction with this commercially available and inexpensive isocyanate produces in 100% yield a well characterized tetrafunctional siloxane-based aliphatic isocyanate useful as a cross-linking agent and as a precursor for star polymers. The silylation reaction can also be carried out with other siloxanes containing SiH groups such as 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane yielding siloxanes with terminal isocyanate groups.
Electroencephalography in West Nile virus Neuroinvasive Disease (P3.273)

Objective: To determine specific electroencephalography (EEG) patterns in WNV neuroinvasive disease. Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is a flaviviridae virus transmitted by mosquitoes. Neuroinvasive disease occurs in less than 1% of those infected, and may manifest as meningitis, encephalitis and/or acute flaccid paralysis. We aimed to determine the frequency of seizures as well as to describe specific EEG patterns in WNV neuroinvasive disease. Design/Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted searching for patients 18–99 years of age, admitted to Mayo Clinic (Arizona, Jacksonville, and Rochester), from January 2000 to May 2017, with a diagnosis of WNV neuroinvasive disease. Inclusion criteria consisted of 1) presence of WNV IgM antibodies in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum, 2) presence of WNV IgM antibodies in serum only and CSF consistent with meningitis, or 3) presence of serum or CSF WNV PCR and CSF consistent with meningitis. EEG reports were classified in categories based on the presence of epileptiform activity, focal slowing, triphasic waves, and frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA). Results: Thirty-five patients were identified. EEG results were categorized as follows: generalized slowing (n=31), epileptiform discharges 17. 1% (n=6), focal slowing 17. 1% (n=6), FIRDA 11. 4% (n=4) and triphasic waves in 20% (n=7). Pure generalized slowing was seen in 37% of patients (n=13). An anterior predominance of EEG abnormalities was observed in 54. 5% (n=6) of the 11 patients with epileptiform discharges and/or focal slowing. Conclusions: Patients with WNV neuroinvasive disease can present with a multitude of EEG abnormalities ranging from non-specific slowing, epileptiform activity, focal slowing, triphasic waves and FIRDA. In our study, an anterior predominance of EEG changes was observed in more than half of those with epileptiform discharges and/or focal slowing. In patients with meningoencephalitis of undetermined etiology, a corresponding EEG demonstrating an anterior predominance of abnormalities should prompt testing for West Nile virus. Disclosure: Dr. Parsons has nothing to disclose. Dr Grill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feyissa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Britton has nothing to disclose. Dr Hocker has nothing to disclose. Dr Crepeau has nothing to disclose.
Gender Socialization Among Cambodian Parents and Teachers of Preschool Children: Transformation or Reproduction

Gender equity in education has been a priority in Cambodia for nearly a decade. However, within the early childhood education sector, issues of gender equity are largely overlooked. This qualitative research uses interviews with five mothers and seven teachers involved in a home-based preschool program, located in Siem Reap in Cambodia, to explore gender-based beliefs and educational aspirations for girls and boys. A grounded theory approach was used in data analyses. Belief systems were primarily based on traditional values and norms and most participants had little awareness about gender equity, although one teacher discussed transitional beliefs and another teacher held stronger transformational beliefs. Greater awareness of the importance of gender equity between girls and boys could be promoted in the pedagogy and practices of home-based preschool that involve parents, teachers, and children. This could lead to more awareness gender equity between girls and boys and raise family expectations and aspirations for girls’ education.
Overestimating Self-Blame for Stressful Life Events and Adolescents' Latent Trait Cortisol: The Moderating Role of Parental Warmth.

Cognitive interpretations of stressful events impact their implications for physiological stress processes. However, whether such interpretations are related to trait cortisol—an indicator of individual differences in stress physiology—is unknown. In 112 early adolescent girls (M age = 12.39 years), this study examined the association between self-blame estimates for past year events and latent trait cortisol, and whether maternal warmth moderated effects. Overestimating self-blame (versus objective indices) for independent (uncontrollable) events was associated with lower latent trait cortisol, and maternal warmth moderated the effect of self-blame estimates on latent trait cortisol for each dependent (at least partially controllable) and interpersonal events. Implications for understanding the impact of cognitive and interpersonal factors on trait cortisol during early adolescence are discussed.
Residual toxicity of insecticides to Chrysoperla rufilabris and Rhyzobius lophanthae predators as biocontrol agents of pine needle scale

Abstract Determining toxicity of insecticides to natural enemies is essential for integrated pest management (IPM) programs of armored scales. In our previous work, insecticides did not affect seasonal abundance of parasitoids and predators of scale insects when they were applied one-month before their peak of season activity. In contrast, when applied during periods of natural enemy activity, trees treated with the broad-spectrum insecticide bifenthrin had fewer parasitoids and predators than trees treated with horticultural oil or the reduced risk insecticides pyriproxyfen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat. In the current study we determined whether, bifenthrin, and the other insecticides differed in residual toxicity to two common predators, Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). First we developed a bioassay that provided predators adequate resources to survive our eight day bioassay. Then, field-grown pine trees were infested with pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and treated with insecticides. Pine needles were collected for use in a bioassay that exposed C. rufilabris and R. lophanthae to insecticide residues of different ages. All insecticide treatments reduced live pine needle scales compared to an untreated control. Residues of bifenthrin were slightly toxic to R. lophanthae adult 21 DAT (days after treatment) but were harmless to C. rufilabris larvae 14 DAT. In contrast, horticultural oil and pyriproxyfen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat did not kill C. rufilabris or R. lophanthae 1 DAT. Our data showed that reduced-risk insecticides can kill pine needle scale and have less residual toxicity than the broad-spectrum insecticide bifenthrin on both C. rufilabris and R. lophanthae.
Optimism and Social Support Predict Healthier Adult Behaviors Despite Socially Disadvantaged Childhoods.

Studies have shown adverse effects of a disadvantaged childhood on adult health-promoting behaviors and related outcomes. Optimism and social support have been linked to greater likelihood of engaging in healthy behavior, but it is unclear whether these positive psychosocial factors may buffer harmful effects of early adversity. This study aims to determine if optimism and social support in adulthood can modify effects of childhood disadvantage on health behavior-related outcomes. Longitudinal data were analyzed from a subset of participants in a US birth cohort established in 1959–1966 (ns of 681–840, per outcome). An index of childhood social disadvantage was derived from adverse socioeconomic and family stability factors reported by mothers at child’s birth and age 7 years. Health behavior-related outcomes were self-reported when participants were of mean age 47 years. Multivariable adjusted robust Poisson regressions were performed. Regardless of level of childhood social disadvantage, we found higher levels of optimism and social support were both associated with higher probabilities of being a non-smoker (relative risk [RR]optimism = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–1.26; RRsocial support = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.11–1.39), having a healthy diet (RRoptimism = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.10–1.43; RRsocial support = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.04–1.56), and a healthy body mass index (RRoptimism = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.00–1.40; RRsocial support = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.00–1.66). Interactions link higher optimism or social support with lower risk of smoking among those with moderate childhood disadvantage. Overall, these findings are consistent with the possibility that positive psychosocial resources contribute to maintaining a healthy lifestyle in mid-adulthood and may buffer effects of childhood social disadvantage.
In Vivo Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently Labeled Microbubbles: Implications for Ultrasound Localization Microscopy

We report the time kinetics of fluorescently labeled microbubbles (MBs) in capillary-level microvasculature as measured via confocal microscopy and compare these results to ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM). The observed 19.4 ± 4.2 MBs per confocal field-of-view ( $212\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 212\,\,\mu \text{m}$ ) are in excellent agreement with the expected count of 19.1 MBs per frame. The estimated time to fully perfuse this capillary network was 193 s, which corroborates the values reported in the literature. We then modeled the capillary network as an empirically determined discrete-time Markov chain with adjustable MB transition probabilities though individual capillaries. The Monte Carlo random walk simulations found perfusion times ranging from 24.5 s for unbiased Markov chains up to 182 s for heterogeneous flow distributions. This pilot study confirms a probability-derived explanation for the long acquisition times required for super-resolution ULM.
Running makes old stem cells act young

Voluntary wheel running restores aged muscle stem cells’ ability to activate and repair tissue after injury in mice.
Conditional maximum likelihood estimation for improving annotation performance of n-gram models incorporating stochastic finite state grammars.

Language models that combine stochastic grammars and N-grams are often used in speech recognition and language understanding systems. One useful aspect of these models is that they can be used to annotate phrases in the text with their constituent grammars; such annotation often plays an important role in subsequent processing of the text. In this paper we present an estimation procedure, under a conditional maximum likelihood objective, that aims at improving the annotation performance of these models over their maximum likelihood estimate. The estimation is carried out using the extended Baum-Welch procedure of Gopalakrishnan et.al. We find that with conditional maximum likelihood estimation the annotation accuracy of the language models can be improved by over 7% relative to their maximum likelihood estimation.
The Pearson walk with shrinking steps in two dimensions

We study the shrinking Pearson random walk in two dimensions and greater, in which the direction of the Nth step is random and its length equals λN−1, with λ<1. As λ increases past a critical value λc, the endpoint distribution in two dimensions, P(r), changes from having a global maximum away from the origin to being peaked at the origin. The probability distribution for a single coordinate, P(x), undergoes a similar transition, but exhibits multiple maxima on a fine length scale for λ close to λc. We numerically determine P(r) and P(x) by applying a known algorithm that accurately inverts the exact Bessel function product form of the Fourier transform for the probability distributions.
Intervention und Evaluation zum Thema Gesundheit im Vorbereitungsdienst der Sportlehrerbildung

Mit dem Ziel, die zweite Phase der Sportlehrerbildung bezogen auf gesundheitsthematische Ziele und Inhalte weiterzuentwickeln, wurde im Rahmen der Health.edu-Studie eine Intervention durchgefuhrt und anschliesend evaluiert. Die Intervention war als kooperativer Planungsprozess angelegt, an dem Stakeholder der verschiedenen Phasen der Sportlehrerbildung beteiligt waren. Die Evaluation ist eng angelehnt an eine Bestandsaufnahme zum Thema Gesundheit in der zweiten Phase der Sportlehrerbildung (vgl. Beitrag 8 i. d. B). Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine tendenzielle Annaherung der handlungsleitenden Kognitionen der Seminarlehrkrafte an den aktuellen fachdidaktischen Diskurs, vor allem in Bezug auf ihr Gesundheitsverstandnis und ihre Vorstellungen zu Inhalten des Sportunterrichts. Das didaktische Handeln hingegen folgt dem nur zum Teil. Auf methodischer Ebene wurde kaum eine Veranderung der handlungsleitenden Kognitionen im Hinblick auf den gezielten Einsatz kompetenzorientierter Aufgaben in der Sportlehrerbildung identifiziert. Der Austausch zwischen den Vertreter*innen verschiedener Phasen der Sportlehrerbildung wahrend des kooperativen Planungsprozesses ermoglichte auch unabhangig vom Thema Gesundheit ein besseres Verstandnis fur die jeweils andere Phase.