cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DIJET EVENT SHAPES AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS

Event shapes have long been used to extract information about hadronic final states and the properties of QCD, such as particle spin and the running coupling. Recently, a family of event shapes, the angularities, has been introduced that depends on a continuous parameter. This additional parameter-dependence further extends the versatility of event shapes. It provides a handle on nonperturbative power corrections, on non-global logarithms, and on the flow of color in the final state.
MCNP6 Fission Cross Section Calculations at Intermediate and High Energies

Abstract MCNP6 has been Validated and Verified (V&V) against intermediate- and high-energy fission-cross-section experimental data. An error in the calculation of fission cross sections of 181 Ta and a few nearby target nuclei by the CEM03.03 event generator in MCNP6 and al “bug” in the calculation of fission cross sections with the GENXS option of MCNP6 while using the LAQGSM03.03 event generator were detected during our V&V work. After fixing both problems, we find that MCNP6 using CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 calculates fission cross sections in good agreement with available experimental data for reactions induced by nucleons, pions, and photons on both subactinide and actinide nuclei at incident energies from several tens of MeV to about 1 TeV.
Quantum spin-glass transition in the two-dimensional electron gas

We discuss the possibility of spin-glass order in the vicinity of the unexpected metallic state of the two-dimensional electron gas in zero applied magnetic field. An average ferromagnetic moment may also be present, and the spin-glass order then resides in the plane orthogonal to the ferromagnetic moment. We argue that a quantum transition involving the destruction of the spinglass order in an applied in-plane magnetic field offers a natural explanation of some features of recent magnetoconductance measurements. We present a quantum field theory for such a transition and compute its mean field properties.
ZETA FUNCTIONS OF DISCRETE GROUPS ACTING ON TREES

Abstract This paper generalizes Bass' work on zeta functions for uniform tree lattices. Using the theory of von Neumann algebras, machinery is developed to define the zeta function of a discrete group of automorphisms of a bounded degree tree. The main theorems relate the zeta function to determinants of operators defined on edges or vertices of the tree. A zeta function associated to a non-uniform tree lattice with appropriate Hilbert representation is defined. Zeta functions are defined for infinite graphs with a cocompact or finite covolume group action.
Intersecting Branes in M-Theory and Chiral Matter in Four Dimensions

We explicitly derive a complementary pair of four-dimensional M-theory brane-world models, linked by a five-dimensional bulk, each of which has a unique anomaly-free chiral spectrum. This is done via resolution of local consistency requirements, in the context of the simplest global quotient T7/Γ involving ten-dimensional fixed-planes, for which a chiral four-dimensional spectrum could arise.
Stochastic Differential Games in a Non-Markovian Setting

Stochastic differential games are considered in a non-Markovian setting. Typically, in stochastic differential games the modulating process of the diffusion equation describing the state flow is taken to be Markovian. Then Nash equilibria or other types of solutions such as Pareto equilibria are constructed using Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) equations. But in a non-Markovian setting the HJB method is not applicable. To examine the non-Markovian case, this paper considers the situation in which the modulating process is a fractional Brownian motion. Fractional noise calculus is used for such models to find the Nash equilibria explicitly. Although fractional Brownian motion is taken as the modulating process because of its versatility in modeling in the fields of finance and networks, the approach in this paper has the merit of being applicable to more general Gaussian stochastic differential games with only slight conceptual modifications. This work has applications in finance to stock price modeling which incorporates the effect of institutional investors, and to stochastic differential portfolio games in markets in which the stock prices follow diffusions modulated with fractional Brownian motion.
Magneto-optical and photoemission studies of ultrathin wedges

Magnetic phase transitions of Fe wedges grown epitaxially on Cu(100) are detected via the surface magneto-optical Kerr effect and used to construct a phase diagram for face centered Fe. Also, the confinement of Cu sp- and d-quantum-well states is studied for Cu/Co(wedge)/Cu(100) utilizing undulator-based photoemission experiments.
On the question of aromatic ring expansion-contraction for conversions with a ZSM-5 catalyst

Toluene, labeled with {sup 14}C in either the methyl position or uniformly in the aromatic ring, did not undergo a measurable amount of either ring expansion-contraction or ring degradation to produce ethene at temperatures up to 350{degrees}C. Ethylbenzene dealkylation and disproportionation and xylene isomerization occur to produce equilibrium mixtures of diethylbenzenes or xylenes under these reaction conditions; hence, ring expansion-contraction must be much slower than these isomerization reactions.
Miniature Organic Transistors with Carbon Nanotubes as Quasi-One-Dimensional Electrodes

As the dimensions of electronic devices approach those of molecules, the size, geometry, and chemical composition of the contact electrodes play increasingly dominant roles in device functions. It is shown here that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) can be used as quasi-one-dimensional (1D) electrodes to construct organic field effect transistors (FET) with molecular scale width (∼2 nm) and channel length (1−3 nm). An important feature owing to the quasi-1D electrode geometry is the favorable gate electrostatics that allows for efficient switching of ultra-short organic channels. This affords room temperature conductance modulation by orders of magnitude for organic transistors that are only several molecules in length, with switching characteristics superior to similar devices with lithographically patterned metal electrodes. With nanotubes, covalent carbon−carbon bonds could be utilized to form contacts to molecular materials. The unique geometrical, physical, and chemical properties of carbon nanot...
Multivariate difference-differential dimension polynomials and new invariants of difference-differential field extensions

We introduce a method of characteristic sets with respect to several term orderings for difference-differential polynomials. Using this technique, we obtain a method of computation of multivariate dimension polynomials of finitely generated difference-differential field extensions. Furthermore, we find new invariants of such extensions and show how the computation of multivariate difference-differential polynomials is applied to the equivalence problem for systems of algebraic difference-differential equations.
Luminosity dependence in the Fundamental Plane projections of elliptical galaxies

We analyse the Fundamental Plane projections of elliptical galaxies as a function of luminosity, using a sample of ≈80 000 galaxies drawn from Data Release 4 (DR4) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We separate brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) from our main sample and reanalyse their photometry due to a problem with the default pipeline sky subtraction for BCGs. The observables we consider are effective radius (Re), velocity dispersion (σ ), dynamical mass (Mdyn ∝ Reσ 2 ), effective density (σ 2 /R 2 ) and effective surface brightness (μe). With the exception of the L ‐Mdyn correlation, we find evidence of variations in the slope (i.e. the power-law index) of the Fundamental Plane projections with luminosity for our normal elliptical galaxy population. In particular, the radius‐luminosity and Faber‐Jackson relations are steeper at high luminosity relative to low luminosity, and the more luminous ellipticals become progressively less dense and have lower surface brightnesses than lower luminosity ellipticals. These variations can be understood as arising from differing formation histories, with more luminous galaxies having less dissipation. Data from the literature and our reanalysis of BCGs show that BCGs have radius‐luminosity and Faber‐Jackson relations steeper than the brightest non-BCG ellipticals in our sample, consistent with significant growth of BCGs via dissipationless mergers. The variations in slope we find in the Faber‐Jackson relation of non-BCGs are qualitatively similar to that reported in the black hole mass‐velocity dispersion (MBH‐σ ) correlation. This similarity is consistent with a roughly constant value of MBH/M�
Sectoral stock return sensitivity to oil price changes: a double-threshold FIGARCH model

We investigate the association between the stock return distributions of 10 major U.S. sectors and oil returns within a double-threshold FIGARCH model. This model nests GARCH, IGARCH and Fama–French specifications as its special cases and allows a test of their validity. This model also has the advantage of capturing not only the short-run dynamics (as in the standard GARCH model), but also the long-run persistence pattern of oil shock effects that may decay at a slower hyperbolic pace. We find that: (i) data reject the more restricted GARCH, IGARCH and Fama–French models in favor of FIGARCH, (ii) oil return is a significant determinant of every sector's return and/or return volatility, (iii) oil effects are asymmetric for oil returns above and below the thresholds, (iv) asymmetry is stronger when oil return volatility is greater, (v) volatilities of sectoral returns exhibit threshold-based regime shifts, and (vi) oil shock effects follow a hyperbolic, rather than an exponential decay pattern, establishin...
Cycle time predictions for the rotational molding process with and without mold/part separation

We present a detailed theoretical heat transfer model for the entire rotational molding process (including heating and cooling stages) and identify the key dimensionless groups affecting the process cycle time. This theoretical model is employed to generate numerical results that are in very good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. The effects of variations in the dimensionless groups on the cycle time are evaluated. In addition, part shrinkage has been incorporated in the models, and its effect on the process cycle time has been studied extensively.
In Situ Laser Synthesis of Si Nanowires in the Dynamic TEM

Nanowires (NWs) are a crucial component in today’s nanoscale devices and are vital to the further development of nanotechnology. To achieve reliable growth of NWs and uniform electronic properties, the specific mechanisms that control the structural development of NWs and the correlation between NWs and their nucleation and growth processes must be examined. Because imaging is not possible in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) chambers, in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) based growth methods provide a method for characterizing NW evolution. In this paper, we describe a new method of in situ synthesis and imaging of NWs using laser-assisted growth inside a TEM.
Recursive construction for 3-regular expanders

We present an algorithm which inn 3 (logn)3 time constructs a 3-regular expander graph onn vertices. In each step we substitute a pair of edges of the graph by a new pair of edges so that the total number of cycles of lengths=⌊clogn⌋ decreases (for some fixed absolute constantc). When we reach a local minimum in the number of cycles of lengths the graph is an expander.
Special Exchange Rates for Capital Account Transactions

The governments of developing countries are constrained in the effective implementation of domestic policy by the interlinkages of national and international financial markets. Domestic macroeconomic conditions are influenced by the interaction of national and world interest rates and prices, and through the impact of real exchange rates on employment. The domestic responses to changes in these factors are often strong and rapid. This article suggests that dual rates can indeed be used successfully as a strictly transitory policy to offset sudden shocks in capital markets. The article develops models which indicate why these dual systems are able to prevent inflationary or recessionary pressures caused by a misaligned exchange rate in the short term. While free capital account rates can cut the flow of capital flight, however, a dual rate system cannot prevent a possibly equivalent loss of foreign reserves that will ultimately result because of the impact of the overvaluation of the commercial rate on the trade balance. In the longer term, a dual rate system with a misaligned commercial rate exacerbates the government's deficit; ultimately, real wages must be cut and real interest rates raised to generate sufficient foreign exchange to finance the external debt. Thus a dual rate works well if the commercial rate is maintained close to the equilibrium level.
The bumping set and the characteristic submanifold

We show here that the Nielsen core of the bumping set of the domain of discontinuity of a Kleinian group Γ is the boundary of the characteristic submanifold of the associated 3-manifold with boundary. Some examples of interesting characteristic submanifolds are given. We also give a construction of the characteristic submanifold directly from the Nielsen core of the bumping set. The proofs are from “first principles", using properties of uniform domains and the fact that quasi-conformal discs are uniform domains.
On the geometry of spatial polygons and screw polygons

In this paper we study spatial polygons which are closed figures composed of ordered sets of lines and their common normals. It is shown how to solve for up to six of the parameters which define a polygon's geometry, after all the other parameters are specified. It is also shown that when screws are used instead of lines, the resulting figures, called screw polygons, can be analyzed in order to determine up to twelve parameters, provided all the other parameters which define the screws and the screw polygon are known. Finally, it is pointed out that these results have many potential uses in kinematics.
Nitroprusside vs. a nitroprusside-trimethaphan mixture for induced hypotension: hemodynamic effects and cyanide release.

Changes in hemodynamic variables and whole blood cyanide and plasma thiocyanate concentrations associated with the infusion of sodium nitroprusside were compared with those during administration of a mixture of sodium nitroprusside (25 mg) and trimethaphan camsylate (250 mg) in a solution of 5% dextrose in water in twenty subjects who required deliberate hypotension for major orthopedic procedures. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive nitroprusside alone (group 1; n = 10) or the nitroprusside-trimethaphan mixture (group 2; n = 10). All subjects received a similar anesthetic technique, consisting of 5 mg/kg thiopental, 1 mg/kg succinylcholine, 1% halothane, 0.2 mg/kg metocurine, and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Mean arterial pressure decreased and was maintained at 55 mm Hg for 258 ± 4 and 266 ± 8 minutes in groups 1 and 2. Arterial hypotension was associated with a rise in cardiac output and heart rate in group 1 but not in group 2. Subjects in group 2 required less nitroprusside than did those in group 1 (1.39 ± 0.3 and 5.82 ± 0.63 µg/kg/min) because of the synergistic or additive action of the combination. After 4 hours of hypotension, the whole blood cyanide level rose from 3.5 ± 1.1 to 96.6 ± 14.0 µg/dl (1.35 ± 0.27 to 37.2 ± 5.4 µmol/L) in group 1 and from 3.7 ± 1.1 to 22.7 ± 4.2 µg/dl (1.42 ± 0.4 to 8.7 ± 1.6 µmol/L) in group 2. Plasma thiocyanate levels rose 2 hours after nitroprusside termination. Significant changes in pH and base deficit occurred late in the course of hypotension in group 1 only; there was a correlation (r = 0.896) between peak blood cyanide levels and decreases in base excess. A rebound increase in mean arterial pressure after termination of hypotension occurred only in group 1. Mean blood pressure increased an average of 13.5 (range 6 to 27) and 21.5 (range 8 to 32) mm Hg over the prehypotension and awake levels. Blood pressure was maximally increased 15 minutes after the end of the infusion and was associated with an increase in systemic vascular resistance; cardiac output did not change. One subject developed ST segment depression and required reinstitution of nitroprusside infusion. There were no adverse effects during or after cessation of the drug mixture. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1985) 37, 264–270; doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.38
A Design Method for Optimizing Collector Systems for Small Solar Central Receivers

The design methodology for the determination of the optimal heliostat field designs is presented in detail for a small solar central receiver. The optimization process is reviewed. Cost and performance models are discussed. To illustrate the design process, a representative small solar central receiver system is optimized. Cost factors were developed from current prices. The individual heliostat design and cost data were taken from the design of the ten megawatt-electric Barstow Pilot Plant design. A north field configuration, steel guyed tower and a tilted, circular aperture, cavity receiver were utilized. It is demonstrated that solar central receiver systems are more cost effective at higher power levels, above those considered here. But this fact has nothing to do with relative cost effectiveness of competing small, stand-alone, power systems.
Penalized Clustering of Large-Scale Functional Data With Multiple Covariates

In this article we propose a penalized clustering method for large-scale data with multiple covariates through a functional data approach. In our proposed method, responses and covariates are linked together through nonparametric multivariate functions (fixed effects), which have great flexibility in modeling various function features, such as jump points, branching, and periodicity. Functional ANOVA is used to further decompose multivariate functions in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space and provide associated notions of main effect and interaction. Parsimonious random effects are used to capture various correlation structures. The mixed-effects models are nested under a general mixture model in which the heterogeneity of functional data is characterized. We propose a penalized Henderson's likelihood approach for model fitting and design a rejection-controlled EM algorithm for the estimation. Our method selects smoothing parameters through generalized cross-validation. Furthermore, Bayesian confidence in...
Cluster Galaxy Evolution from a New Sample of Galaxy Clusters at 0.3 < z < 0.9

We analyze photometry and spectroscopy of a sample of 63 clusters at 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 0.9 drawn from the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey to empirically constrain models of cluster galaxy evolution. Specifically, (1) by combining I-band photometry of 44 of our clusters with that of 19 clusters from the literature, we parameterize the redshift dependence of M in the observed frame as M = (-21.74 ± 0.12) - (0.88 ± 0.24)z - 5 log h (rms deviation = 0.34) for 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 0.9 (Ω0 = 0.2, ΩΛ = 0); (2) by combining 30 of our clusters and 14 clusters from the literature with V and I data, we parameterize the redshift dependence of the V-I color of the E/S0 red sequence in the observed frames as V-I = (-0.24 ± 0.28) + (7.42 ± 1.03)z - (4.61 ± 0.91)z2 (rms deviation = 0.16) for 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 0.9; and (3) by combining 13 of our clusters with 15 clusters from the literature with I and K' data, we parameterize the redshift dependence of the I-K' color of the E/S0 red sequence in the observed frames as I-K' = (0.66 ± 0.65) + (9.50 ± 3.72)z - (14.72 ± 7.01)z2 + (8.72 ± 4.29)z3 (rms deviation = 0.18) for 0.3 ≤ z ≤ 0.9. Using the peak surface brightness of the cluster detection, Σ, as a proxy for cluster mass, we find no correlation between Σ and M or the location of the red envelope in V-I. We suggest that these observations can be explained with a model in which luminous early-type galaxies (or more precisely, the progenitors of current-day luminous early-type galaxies) form the bulk of their stellar populations at high redshifts (5) and in which many of these galaxies, if not all, accrete mass either in the form of evolved stellar populations or gas that causes only a short-term episode of star formation at lower redshifts (1.5 < z < 2). Our data are too crude to reach conclusions regarding the evolutionary state of any particular cluster or to investigate whether the morphological evolution of galaxies matches the simple scenario that we discuss, but the statistical nature of this study suggests that the observed evolutionary trends are universal in massive clusters.
TURBULENT CONVECTION IN STELLAR INTERIORS. II. THE VELOCITY FIELD

We analyze stellar convection with the aid of three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic simulations, introducing the turbulent cascade into our theoretical analysis. We devise closures of the Reynolds-decomposed mean field equations by simple physical modeling of the simulations (we relate temperature and density fluctuations via coefficients); the procedure (Convection Algorithm Based on Simulations) is terrestrially testable and is amenable to systematic improvement. We develop a turbulent kinetic energy equation which contains both nonlocal and time-dependent terms, and is appropriate if the convective transit time is shorter than the evolutionary timescale. The interpretation of mixing-length theory (MLT) as generally used in astrophysics is incorrect; MLT forces the mixing length to be an imposed constant. Direct tests show that the damping associated with the flow is that suggested by Kolmogorov (e K ≈ ρ(u')3 rms/l D , where l D is the size of the largest eddy and (u')rms is the local rms turbulent velocity). This eddy size is approximately the depth of the convection zone lCZ in our simulations, and corresponds in some respects to the mixing length of MLT. New terms involving the local heating due to turbulent dissipation should appear in the stellar evolutionary equations, and are not guaranteed to be negligible. The enthalpy flux (stellar "convective luminosity") is directly connected to the buoyant acceleration, and hence to the scale of convective velocity. MLT tends to systematically underestimate the velocity scale, which affects estimates of chromospheric and coronal heating, mass loss, and wave generation. Quantitative comparison with a variety of 3D simulations reveals a previously unrecognized consistency. Extension of this approach to deal with rotational shear and MHD is indicated. Examples of application to stellar evolution will be presented in subsequent papers in this series.
Estimating Damping Parameters in Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Vibration Systems by Balancing Energy

A method of estimating damping parameters for multi-degree-of-freedom vibration systems is outlined, involving a balance of dissipated and supplied energies over a cycle of periodic vibration. The power is formulated as the inner product between the velocity and force terms and integrated over a cycle. Conservative terms (mass and stiffness) drop out of the formulation. The displacement response and the input are measured, and the damping coefficients are estimated without knowledge of the mass and stiffness, which can be nonlinear, as illustrated in one example. The identification equations are also obtained with a modal reduction based on proper orthogonal decomposition. The method can be applied with a harmonic motion assumption or by simple numerical integration. The method is illustrated with linear and quadratic damping, in simulations of a four degree-of-freedom system, and in a string with and without noise.
Atom Transfer Cyclization Catalyzed by InCl3 via Halogen Activation

Indium trichloride was found to be an efficient catalyst for the cyclization of allylic halides and alkynes with atom transfer in methylene chloride. Mechanistic evidence supports a cationic reaction pathway with Lewis acid activation of the allylic halogen. Concomitant nucleophilic attack by the alkyne and trapping with halide led to atom transfer cyclization products. Depending on alkyne substitution, a bromine atom was transferred from the substrate or a chlorine atom was transferred from the solvent.
Accuracy of density functional theory in predicting formation energies of ternary oxides from binary oxides and its implication on phase stability

The evaluation of reaction energies between solids using density functional theory (DFT) is of practical importance in many technological fields and paramount in the study of the phase stability of known and predicted compounds. In this work, we present a comparison between reaction energies provided by experiments and computed by DFT in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), using a Hubbard U parameter for some transitionmetalelements(GGA +U).Weuseadatasetof135reactionsinvolvingtheformationofternaryoxides from binary oxides in a broad range of chemistries and crystal structures. We find that the computational errors can be modeled by a normal distribution with a mean close to zero and a standard deviation of 24 meV/atom. The significantly smaller error compared to the more commonly reported errors in the formation energies from the elements is related to the larger cancellation of errors in energies when reactions involve chemically similar compounds. This result is of importance for phase diagram computations for which the relevant reaction energies are often not from the elements but from chemically close phases (e.g., ternary oxides versus binary oxides). In addition, we discuss the distribution of computational errors among chemistries and show that the use of a Hubbard U parameter is critical to the accuracy of reaction energies involving transition metals even when no major change in formal oxidation state is occurring.
Chronology of Controversial Practices in a Microcap Company: A Case Study of Ziasun Technologies

Microcap companies are thinly capitalized issues that are typically not qualified for listing in national exchanges. They are also referred to as penny stocks. A typical microcap issue has very few market makers. Moreover, trading in OTCBB and Pink Sheets is often sporadic and erratic. Thin trading of a stock ensures that a few market makers can easily control the market. The absence of rigorous listing requirements as well as the high possibility of price manipulation makes microcap issues easy targets for fraudulent activity. In this article, the author examines an obscure microcap, Ziasun Technologies Inc., whose practices are very controversial. At the time of this writing, the company has not officially been charged by the SEC for violating any securities laws. Although no attempts have been made to prove their activities as illegal in an official capacity, their practices are at best disingenuous to the general public. Any company engaging in these activities should raise red flags for prudent investors. An examination of their practices reveals many of the common activities that result in fraud. James J. Cramer, a hedge fund manager and co-founder of TheStreet.com, said “penny stocks are a joke, often a fraud, and a huge mistake to own.” The case of Ziasun Technologies offers great insight into the operations of these companies.
Impact of disorder on surface plasmons in two-dimensional arrays of metal nanoparticles

We study the impact of on the properties of surface plasmons (SP) in the metal nanoparticles arrays and develop analytical expressions enabling us to ascertain degree of localization and mixing between the SP states.
Latency-aware and energy efficiency tradeoffs for wireless sensor networks

Latency and energy efficiency are two important parameters to evaluate the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). To reduce delays in the WSN, the sensor node will send out redundant packets. Suppose the WSN has a cell-partitioned structure and the two-hop relay algorithm is adopted, the relay/destination nodes selection will determine the networks performance. The FLS is applied to the nodes selection. In contrast with the cases that only consider one descriptor, the FLS application can manage the delay/energy tradeoffs to meet the network performance requirements. Another work discussed is packets transmission in WSNs. We proposed FLS in the optimisation of SIR threshold selection. Average delay and distance of a node to the source node are selected as antecedents for the FLS. The output of FLS provided adjusting factors for the SIR threshold. Simulation results showed the fuzzy optimisation could achieve a better network efficiency, reduce the average delay and extend the network lifetime.
Finding disseminators via electronic word of mouth message for effective marketing communications

It has become increasingly important for companies to utilize electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in their marketing campaigns for desired product sales. Identifying key eWOM disseminators among consumers is a challenge for companies. WOM is an interpersonal communication in which a sender spreads a message to receivers. Previously, researchers and practitioners have searched for opinion leaders by examining senders and receivers due to limited records on WOM message. Our study identifies three types of opinion leaders through eWOM using a message-based approach that elicits more accurate and comprehensive information on opinion leadership than sender-based and receiver-based approaches. We demonstrate that eWOM of opinion leaders drives product sales due to their product experience and knowledge background. Our findings suggest that companies can increase product sales via effective use of eWOM of such opinion leaders. Managerial and marketing implications are addressed. We identify disseminators for effective marketing campaign by using eWOM message.Our approach identifies more accurate and comprehensive opinion leadership.Opinion leaders' eWOM influences product sales through product experience effects.Opinion leaders' eWOM influences product sales through knowledge background effects.Firms need disseminators with individually broad and collectively focused knowledge.
Weak decoherence and quantum trajectory graphs

Griffiths' “quantum trajectories” formalism is extended to describe weak decoherence. The decoherence conditions are shown to severely limit the complexity of histories composed of fine-grained events.
Curvature‐squared cosmology in the first‐order formalism

Variation of the R + alpha-R-squared action with respect to independent metric and connection fields is shown to be equivalent to the metric-compatible fourth-order gravity coupled to a vector defined as a function of the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. The field equations are second order. The Friedmann cosmology based on this model is studied and it is shown to include nonsingular solutions at t = 0.
Linear programming in clinical dental education

Linear programming techniques have seldom been used in studying educational processes and are just now becoming of interest in health care delivery systems.
Eight-vertex model in lattice statistics and one-dimensional anisotropic heisenberg chain. III. Eigenvectors of the transfer matrix and hamiltonian

Abstract We obtain the eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the zero-field eight vertex model. These are also the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian of the corresponding one-dimensional anistropic Heisenberg chain.
Abundance and distribution of uranium and thorium in zircon, sphene, apatite, epidote, and monazite in granitic rocks

Analyses were made of uranium and thorium in zircon, sphene, apatite, epidote, and monazite separated as accessory minerals from samples of granitic rock from widely scattered localities to indicate (1) the abundance, and (2) the natural distribution of these two components among the five mineral phases.
Weak lensing of the CMB by large-scale structure

Abstract Several recent papers have studied lensing of the CMB by large-scale structures, which probes the projected matter distribution from z=103 to z≃0. This interest is motivated in part by upcoming high resolution, high sensitivity CMB experiments, such as APEX/SZ, ACT, SPT or Planck, which should be sensitive to lensing. In this paper, we examine the reconstruction of the large-scale dark matter distribution from lensed CMB temperature anisotropies. We go beyond previous work in using numerical simulations to include higher order, non-Gaussian effects and find that the convergence and its power spectrum are biased, with the bias increasing with the angular resolution. We also study the contamination by the kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich signal, which is spectrally indistinguishable from lensed CMB anisotropies, and find that it leads to an overestimate of the convergence. We finish by estimating the sensitivity of the previously cited experiments and find that all of them could detect the lensing effect, but would be biased at around the 10% level.
Discrete Sampling and Interpolation: Universal Sampling Sets for Discrete Bandlimited Spaces

We study the problem of interpolating all values of a discrete signal f of length N when d <; N values are known, especially in the case when the Fourier transform of the signal is zero outside some prescribed index set J; these comprise the (generalized) bandlimited spaces BJ. The sampling pattern for f is specified by an index set I, and is said to be a universal sampling set if samples in the locations I can be used to interpolate signals from BJfor any J. When N is a prime power we give several characterizations of universal sampling sets, some structure theorems for such sets, an algorithm for their construction, and a formula that counts them. There are also natural applications to additive uncertainty principles.
Twisted Homology Cobordism Invariants of Knots in Aspherical Manifolds

We fix a null-homologous, homotopically essential knot $J$ in a 3-manifold with PTFA fundamental group and study concordance of knots that are homotopic to $J$. We construct an infinite family of knots that are characteristic to $J$, and then use $L^2$-methods to show that they are not concordant to $J$.
An Efficient Boric Acid Mediated Preparation of α-Hydroxyamides

Abstract An efficient methodology for the preparation of α-hydroxyamides via boric acid-mediated addition of isonitriles onto aldehydes has been developed. The reaction of isonitriles with α-boronobenzaldehyde takes place under intramolecular catalysis conditions to provide functionalized benzoxaboroles.
Effects of cooking beef muscles from frozen or thawed states on cooking traits and palatability

Abstract Biceps femoris and longissimus lumborum steaks were cooked from either a frozen or thawed state on an electric belt grill (TBG-60 MagiKitch'n Inc., Quakertown, PA) at 93 °C to the endpoint temperature of 70 °C. Cooking loss, cooking time, Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and color (Illuminant A, L ∗ , a ∗ , b ∗ ) were evaluated. Trained panelists ( n =6) evaluated palatability attributes on an eight-point scale for myofibrillar tenderness, juiciness, flavor, overall tenderness, and connective tissue amount (1=extremely tough, dry, bland, tough, and abundant; 8=extremely tender, juicy, intense, tender, and none). L ∗ , a ∗ , WBSF, juiciness, flavor, connective tissue amount, and overall tenderness did not differ ( P >0.05) between steaks cooked from frozen and thawed states. However, thawed steaks cooked faster and had lower cooking losses than frozen steaks. The biceps femoris had higher WBSF values than the longissimus lumborum and was rated less tender by trained panelists. L ∗ , a ∗ , or b ∗ values did not differ ( P >0.05) between muscles. The biceps femoris needed more time to cook and had greater cooking losses than longissimus lumborum . Dimensional changes of steaks cooked to either 60 or 70 °C were studied. The width of biceps femoris steaks decreased 12.2%, and width of longissimus lumborum decreased 6.3%. Longissimus lumborum steaks became shorter ( P biceps femoris steaks. Thickness of biceps femoris steaks decreased 25.6%, and thickness of longissimus lumborum steaks decreased 23.3%. Muscle type had a more pronounced effect on dimensional changes of steaks than endpoint temperature.
Real-time operational oceanography at the Naval Oceanographic Office

Summary form only given. Scientists of the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) provide specialized operationally-significant products and services for military "warfighters." These products are also provided for civilian, national and international customers under some circumstances and with some constraints. Our scientists acquire global ocean and littoral data from sources such as: shipboard surveys by NAVOCEANO and others, from routine data collected by both operational Navy and commercial ships, from remotely-sensed data available from a variety of airborne and satellite sensors, and from drifting and fixed-location buoys. The analyses of these data range from the creation of historical climatologies and real-time maps of specific measured parameters to the assimilation of real-time data into ocean prediction systems for temperature, salinity, tides, waves, and currents. NAVOCEANO products are primarily requested from and delivered to the customer through the Warfighting Support Center (WSC). The WSC provides analyses of the oceanographic environment using multiple data sources. Dynamic and morphologic features of coastal areas are extracted from satellite imagery within the WSC, which then blends bathymetric, hydrologic, climatologic and predictive information from other departments and organizations into operational products tailored to specific mission requirements. These products are frequently geo-spatially enabled for automated information system use and delivered via web technology.
Effect of buckwheat as a flowering border on populations of cucumber beetles and their natural enemies in cucumber and squash

Abstract A buckwheat border was planted perpendicular to cucumber and squash rows to attract natural enemies of cucumber beetles. Sticky and modified Malaise traps were used to assess insect populations at incremental distances from the border. The density of Diptera declined from 19.5 insects/sticky card in the border to 2.8 insects/sticky card at 20 m from the border in 1995, and similar declines were seen in 1996. Densities of tachinid flies, Hymenoptera wasps, and the Pennsylvania leatherwing (Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus) also declined as distance from the border increased. Numbers of striped cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum Fab.) increased linearly in 1995 but decreased quadratically in 1996, and crop yields were unaffected.
Possible Detection of Multiple Blockages Using Transients

This work explores the possibility of utilizing the interaction between a pressure pulse propagating in a pipe with the blockages therein, as a means of blockage detection and characterization. Whereas an earlier work focused on a single blockage, the present work attempts to extend the strategy to multiple blockages. A one-dimensional isothermal non-compositional single-phase Eulerian model was used to describe the propagation of a pressure pulse through a pipe with multiple blockages. Pressure variations at the inlet caused by reflections of the propagating transient are monitored and analyzed. This analysis is used to make deductions about the internal configuration of the pipe. The results demonstrate that the technique is feasible and that accurate characterization of multiple blockages is possible.
The adaptive venue shopping framework: how emergent groups choose environmental policymaking venues

Scholars have succeeded in producing several explanations for why groups choose to pursue their policymaking goals in different venues. A synthetic framework that explains the choices these groups make is developed through two case studies describing a conflict over the environmental problem of agricultural field burning. Emergent, boundedly rational groups with a mission to clear the air of the pollutants associated with field burning are found to be choosing venues by strategically assessing the institutional context. The particular institutional context that matters involves three primary elements: the group’s mix of resources, opponents’ resource strengths, and the degree of venue accessibility. These initial choices allow groups to generate new resources, to learn about which strategies do and do not work, and to change venues on the basis of their new resources and what they have learned.
On Ramond-Ramond fields and K-theory

A recent paper by Moore and Witten [1] explained that Ramond-Ramond fields in type-II superstring theory have a global meaning in K-theory. In this note we amplify and generalize some points raised in that paper. In particular, we express the coupling of the Ramond-Ramond fields to D-branes in a K-theoretic framework and show that the anomaly in this coupling exactly cancels the anomaly from the fermions on the brane, both in type IIA and type IIB.
Selective control of amino acid metabolism by the GCN2 eIF2 kinase pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Background When eukaryotic cells are deprived of amino acids, uncharged tRNAs accumulate and activate the conserved GCN2 protein kinase. Activated Gcn2p up-regulates the general amino acid control pathway through phosphorylation of the translational initiation factor eIF2. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Gcn2p is the only kinase that phosphorylates eIF2 to regulate translation through this mechanism. We addressed changes in yeast growth and tRNA aminoacylation, or charging, during amino acid depletion in the presence and absence of GCN2. tRNA charging was measured using a microarray technique which simultaneously measures all cytosolic tRNAs. A fully prototrophic strain, and its isogenic gcn2 Δ counterpart, were used to study depletion for each of the 20 amino acids, with a focus on Trp, Arg, His and Leu, which are metabolically distinct and together provide a good overview on amino acid metabolism.
Beyond worst-case analysis in private singular vector computation

We consider differentially private approximate singular vector computation. Known worst-case lower bounds show that the error of any differentially private algorithm must scale polynomially with the dimension of the singular vector. We are able to replace this dependence on the dimension by a natural parameter known as the coherence of the matrix that is often observed to be significantly smaller than the dimension both theoretically and empirically. We also prove a matching lower bound showing that our guarantee is nearly optimal for every setting of the coherence parameter. Notably, we achieve our bounds by giving a robust analysis of the well-known power iteration algorithm, which may be of independent interest. Our algorithm also leads to improvements in worst-case settings and to better low-rank approximations in the spectral norm.
Aza-Cope Rearrangement-Mannich Cyclizations for the Formation of Complex Tricyclic Amines: Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (±)-Gelsemine

A detailed examination of the use of aza-Cope rearrangement–Mannich cyclization sequences for assembling the azatricyclo[4.4.0.0 2,8 ]decane core of gelsemine is described. Iminium ions and Nacyloxyiminium ions derived from endo-oriented 1-methoxy- or 1-hydroxybicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5enylamines do not undergo the first step of this sequence, cationic aza-Cope rearrangement to form cis-hydroisoquinolinium ions. However, the analogous base-promoted oxy-aza-Cope rearrangement does take place to form cis-hydroisoquinolones containing functionality that allows iminium ions or N-acyloxyiminium ions to be generated regioselectively in a subsequent step. Mannich cyclization of cis-hydroisoquinolones prepared in this way efficiently assembles the azatricyclo[4.4.0.0 2,8 ] decane unit of gelsemine. Using a sequential base-promoted oxy-aza-Cope rearrangement/Mannich cyclization sequence, gram quantities of azatricyclo[4.4.0.0 2,8 ]decanone 18, a central intermediate in our total of (±)-gelsemine, was prepared from 3-methylanisole in 12 steps and 16% overall yield.
New phases of string theory and 6d RG fixed points via branes at orbifold singularities

Abstract We discuss type II and type I branes at general ADE type orbifold singularities. We show that there are new phases of type I or heterotic string theory in six dimensions, involving extra tensor multiplets, which arise when small instantons sit on orbifold singularities. The theories with extra tensor multiplets are explicitly constructed via orientifolds. The world-volume theories in type IIB or type I five-branes at orbifold singularities lead to the existence of several infinite classes of six-dimensional, interacting, renormalization group fixed point theories.
Spectral properties of quasiparticle excitations induced by magnetic moments in superconductors

The consequences of localized, classical magnetic moments in superconductors are explored and their effect on the spectral properties of the intragap bound states is studied. Above a critical moment, a localized quasiparticle excitation in an s-wave superconductor is spontaneously created near a magnetic impurity, inducing a zero-temperature quantum transition. In this transition, the spin quantum number of the ground state changes from zero to , while the total charge remains the same. In contrast, the spin-unpolarized ground state of a d-wave superconductor is found to be stable for any value of the magnetic moment when the normal-state energy spectrum possesses particle-hole symmetry. The effect of impurity scattering on the quasiparticle states is interpreted in the spirit of relevant symmetries of the clean superconductor. The results obtained by the non-self-consistent (T matrix) and the self-consistent mean-field approximations are compared and qualitative agreement between the two schemes is found in the regime where the coherence length is longer than the Fermi length.
Enlightened Interaction between Agronomy and Agricultural Economics

This paper looks at a future in which both disciplines are coping with a declining clientele and support base. It asks the question: are there ways that we all can better cope with our problems by working together? The concepts of systems analysis and holistic management are considered as a basis for multidisciplinary work. The implications for academic programs are considered