cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The origin of 7 S RNA in virions of avian sarcoma viruses

Abstract Duck and chick embryo fibroblasts were labeled with 32 PO 4 3− and cellular 7S RNA was purified. Ribonuclease T 1 digests were prepared and the resulting oligonucleotides were fractionated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Duck 7 S RNA lacked one large oligonucleotide present in chicken 7 S RNA, thus establishing that the two species contain 7 S RNAs of different sequence. The Prague C strain of Rous sarcoma virus was grown in each type of host and the 7 S RNA found in progeny virus was examined. It was found to be identical to that of the host which produced the virus.
On stationarity conditions for a certain periodic random process

The statistical analysis of a periodic signal x(t) accompanied by additive noise n(t) [assumed stationary and independent of x(t)] is of importance in the study of communication theory and modulation pr0eesses.l Thus, we consider y(t) = x(t) + n(t), where x(t) is a known periodic function, and p&(t) is as described above. The usual approach treats y(t) and therefore x(t) -. as stationary, so that the second order properties of l?(t) can be most easily calculated. But except in certain trivial cases, x(t) is nonstationary, and the results obtained via a stationarity assumption are erroneous.* This difficulty is avoided by using x(t + a) in place of x(t), where a is a random variable uniformly distributed over the period of s(l), and independent of x(t) and ,m(t).3p4
Nearshore morphology and late Quaternary geologic framework of the northern Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary, California

A combination of side-scanning sonar and high-resolution seismic reflection data image seafloor bedrock exposures and erosional features across the nearshore shelf. Sediment-filled troughs incise the inner shelf rock exposures and tie directly to modern coastal streams. The resulting bedrock geometry can be related to its resistance to erosion. Comparison of the depth of the transgressive erosional surface to recently developed sea level curves suggests a period of slow sea level rise during the early stages of post-interglacial marine transgression. The slow rise of sea level suggests an erosional episode that limited the preservation of buried paleo-channels beyond 70 m water depth. Seafloor features suggest that localized faulting in the area may have influenced the morphology of bedrock exposures and the coastline.
Nereid: Light curve for 1999–2006 and a scenario for its variations

Abstract Nereid is a small irregular moon of Neptune that displays large-, moderate-, and small-amplitude photometric variations on both fast and slow time scales. The central mystery of Nereid is now to explain the physical mechanism of these unique brightness changes and why they change with time. To characterize Nereid's variability, we have been using the SMARTS telescopes on Cerro Tololo for synoptic monitoring from 1999 to 2006. We present a well-sampled photometric time series of 493 magnitudes on 246 nights mostly in the V-band. In combination with our earlier data (for 774 magnitudes over 362 nights), our 20-year data set is the most comprehensive for any small icy body in our Solar System. Our yearly light curves show that Nereid displays various types of behaviors: large amplitude brightenings and fadings (1987 to 1990); moderate-amplitude variation about the average phase curve (1993–1997, 2003, 2005), moderate-amplitude variation and systematically brighter by roughly one-quarter magnitude throughout the entire season (2004); and nearly constant light curves superimposed on a surprisingly large-amplitude opposition surge (1998, 1999, 2000, 2006). Other than in 2004, Nereid's variations were closely centered around a constant phase curve that is well fit with a Hapke model for the coherent backscattering opposition surge mechanism with angular scale of 0.7 ° ± 0.1 ° . In our entire data set from 1987–2006, we find no significant periodicity. We propose that the year-to-year changes in the variability of Nereid are caused by forced precession (caused by tidal forces from Neptune) on the spin axis of a nonspherical Nereid, such that cross-sectional areas and average albedos change as viewed from Earth.
Outcomes for Clinical Studies Assessing Drug and Revascularization Therapies for Claudication and Critical Limb Ischemia in Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), which affects the large and medium arteries of the lower extremities, is a substantial cause of morbidity and health costs.1–5 Clinical studies assessing treatments for PAD guide clinical management but require standard definitions of disease and outcomes to ensure validity and consistency within and between studies. Prior guidelines for PAD outcomes in clinical trials were developed by consensus from stakeholders in multiple disciplines.6–8 They consider outcomes of medical therapies targeting systemic atherosclerosis and medical or surgical therapies for leg-specific symptoms such as claudication or critical limb ischemia. However, the rapid development of percutaneous technologies and the promise of new biological therapies (eg, cell-based therapies) expand treatment options and require a re-evaluation of important outcomes in clinical trials of PAD. Multidisciplinary consensus statements for other percutaneous treatments also provide insights to help develop standardized outcomes for trials of PAD. These include the Academic Research Consortium definitions for outcomes in percutaneous coronary interventions9 and the Valve Academic Research Consortium definitions of outcomes for transcatheter aortic valve replacement.10 Although this article is not meant to provide a definitive statement on outcomes for clinical trials on symptomatic PAD, it is designed to stimulate discussion toward a multidisciplinary consensus statement that embraces new percutaneous technologies and medical and surgical treatments for PAD. PAD is defined clinically by an abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90. 6,7,11 The ABI for each leg is measured with a Doppler probe and is the ratio of the highest systolic pressure from the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery in a leg divided by the highest arm systolic pressure.11,12 Although there are other causes of PAD (eg, thromboembolic causes, inflammation, trauma, aneurysms, entrapment syndromes, adventitial cysts, congenital abnormalities),12 atherosclerosis is the predominant cause of PAD. Medical …
Cytokine-mediated production of nitric oxide in isolated rat hepatocytes is dependent on cytochrome P-450III activity

To investigate the role of the cytochrome P-450 sys- tem in NO synthesis, cytochrome P-450IIIA, IIE and IA activi- ties were specifically inhibited by cimetidine (IIIA), clotrimazole (IIIA), benzoflavone (IA) and disulfiram (IIE) in a model of cultured rat hepatocytes. Cytokine-induced NO synthesis was significantly decreased in the presence of cimetidine and clotrima- zole. Kinetic analysis revealed a non-competitive mode of inhibi- tion (K i = 21 mM, cimetidine; K i = 13/xM, clotrimazole). Re- verse transcriptase-PCR and immunoblot analysis revealed no significant change in steady state levels of iNOS mRNA and protein expression with P-450IIIA inhibition. Purified iNOS en- zyme activity was not altered. These data suggest that cytokine- mediated hepatocyte synthesis of NO is dependent upon P- 450IIIA activity, which functions in a post-translational capacity.
Philosophy and the analysis of language

Both Wittgenstein, in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, and Russell, advancing the philosophy of Logical Atomism, maintained that statements are, or purport to be, records of facts. Wittgenstein held that philosophers, by improperly interpreting language, create for themselves pseudoproblems, and that, to avoid confusion, we should throw statements into a form in which their true function, that of picturing facts, would be revealed more clearly and readily than it is in ordinary language.
Robot free-flyers in space extravehicular activity

The Laboratory for Space Teleoperation and Robotics is developing a neutrally buoyant robot for research into the automatic and teleoperated (remote human) control of unmanned robotic vehicles for use in space. The goal of this project is to develop a remote robot with maneuverability and dexterity comparable to that of a space-suited astronaut with a manned maneuvering unit, able to assume many of the tasks currently planned for astronauts during extravehicular activity (EVA). Such a robot would be able to spare the great expense and hazards associated with human EVA, and make possible much less expensive scientific and industrialization exploitation of orbit. Both autonomous and teleoperated control experiments will require the vehicle to be able to automatically control its position and orientation. The laboratory has developed a real-time vision-based navigation and control system for its underwater space robot simulator, the Submersible for Telerobotic and Astronautical Research (STAR). The system, implemented with standard, inexpensive computer hardware, has excellent performance and robustness characteristics for a variety of applications, including automatic station-keeping and large controlled maneuvers. Experimental results are presented indicating the precision, accuracy, and robustness to disturbances of the vision-based control system. The study proves the feasibility of using vision-based control and navigation for remote robots and provides a foundation for developing a system for general space robot tasks. The complex vision sensing problem is reduced through linearization to a simple algorithm, fast enough to be incorporated into a real-time vehicle control system. Vision sensing is structured to detect small changes in vehicle position and orientation from a nominal positional state relative to a target scene. The system uses a constant, linear inversion matrix to measure the vehicle positional state from the locations of navigation features in an image. This paper includes a description of the underwater vehicle's vision-based navigation and control system and applications of vision-based navigation and control for free-flying space robots. Experimental results from underwater tests of STAR's vision system are also presented.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Housing consumption disequilibrium and local residential mobility.

An economic theory of local residential mobility is developed and empirically examined. The theory predicts that local mobility is most likely to occur among households whose actual housing consumption deviates the most from their utility-maximizing levels and whose monetary and psychic costs of moving are least. Two separate models are used in applying the theory to data obtained from a national household survey in the USA. The inclusion of variables designed to capture the needs of families to adjust their housing adds little explanatory power compared with more conventional predictors of mobility, although the housing-consumption variables generally have plausible effects on household mobility. Not all local moves are motivated primarily by housing considerations—nearly a third of all local moves are associated with new household formation, marriage, or divorce.
Issues of Constraint and Power: The Creation of English Language Center in Estell, Nicaragua

AbstractThis article examines the development of an English Language Center in Estell, Nicaragua in 1993. This case study aims to help those involved with the implementation of similar language teaching projects in the developing countries of Latin America. This critical examination reveals the struggles with power and resistance that one faces when implementing a program of its kind. The complexities of the different agendas within the classroom, as well as outside the school, are explored within the parameters ofteaching and learning English as a Foreign Language in Nicaragua. This reflection not only explores the pedagogical soundness of the English Language Center, but it also focuses on an awareness of the social, cultural, and political ramifications. While the nature of this article is anecdotal and the situations presented are not necessarily directly representative of other environments, these authentic experiences serve as a guide for the planning and implementation of similar language projects ...
Help seeking and barriers of Hispanic partner violence survivors: A systematic review of the literature

Intimate partner violence crosses all racial and ethnic boundaries. Given the growing interest in the experiences of Hispanic survivors of partner violence, researchers are beginning to explore the help-seeking strategies and barriers to help seeking evident in this population. To develop a better understanding of current knowledge in this area, we reviewed and synthesized a selected body of the published research addressing help-seeking patterns of Hispanic women. A systematic search of the literature resulted in more than 650 articles, 27 of which met our selection criteria for review. Although the review shows that Hispanic women use an array of help-seeking strategies, our ability to develop full understanding of those strategies and corresponding barriers is hindered by mixed findings and inconsistent research methods, which are also discussed in this review. Nevertheless, various barriers to help seeking that are specific to Hispanic survivors of partner violence are identified, including limited English language proficiency, Hispanic cultural tolerance of male violence, and fear of deportation among undocumented Hispanic immigrants. We present recommendations for practice, policy, and research based on the findings of this review.
The condensation of a vapour by mixing with a cool gas

Abstract The mechanisms of condensation from a mixture of a vapour and a non-condensable gas are reviewed. A theory of condensation by mixing with a cool gas is given when the Lewis number for the condensing species is unity. The method can be used to predict whether fog formation is possible in a mixing system. An experimental system designed to test some of the theoretical conclusions is described. The apparatus permits the production of air-vapour mixtures of known and controllable temperature and concentration. Experimental data are reported for a turbulent jet containing glycerine vapour. The results indicate that vapour concentrations considerably higher than the theoretical minimum are necessary for detectable condensation in jet mixing.
Clinical Outcomes of a Brief Motivational Intervention for Heavy Drinking Mandated College Students: A Pilot Study

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate a brief motivational intervention (BMI) for reducing risky alcohol use and alcohol-related problems among mandated (M) and voluntary (V) student drinkers to determine (a) whether BMI-mandated students report greater decreases in alcohol use and related problems, relative to no treatment; (b) whether a BMI is comparably effective for mandated and voluntary students; and (c) whether a mandated control group shows greater changes in alcohol use and related problems relative to a voluntary control group. Method:Participants were undergraduate student research volunteers (62% male) who met heavy drinking criteria and completed measures of alcohol use and alcohol problems at baseline and 4 weeks after intervention. Participants (N = 84) were randomly assigned to treatment (T) or assessment-only control (C) conditions (mandated students were assigned to a brief wait list). Results:Participants assigned to treatment reported consuming fewer drinks after the interven...
A possible role for Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, vaginal secretion in inter-female competition

Abstract The ability of the vaginal secretions of hamsters to facilitate spacing among conspecific females was examined in three experiments. In the first study, vaginal substances were applied to one half of a testing arena. Naive females placed into this apparatus spent significantly more time on the clean side and tended to deposit vaginal secretions in this area more often. In the second experiment, vaginal odours were again applied to the testing arena. The donor of the secretion and a second female were then introduced into the arena and allowed to interact. The females whose odours had been applied in the arena were significantly more aggressive. The third study evaluated the effectiveness of vaginal odours to reverse a recently established dominance relationship between female pairs. In eight of 12 pairs, a reversal was observed if the previously subordinate hamster's odours were present in the testing enclosure during the second dominance determination. The results of these studies indicate that vaginal marks could serve to space females in the native habitat. These substances are capable of inducing avoidance of a scented area and influencing the outcome of dominance contests.
Analysis of enzymatic steroid conversions by high pressure liquid chromatography

Abstract Enzyme catalyzed introduction of the 1–2 double bond into a steroid can be monitored through spectrophotometric changes accompanying electron acceptor reduction or through paper or thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the reaction product. The spectrophotometric method is not applicable to cases in which the oxidized form of the electron acceptor is continually regenerated. In studying such cases, we have found high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to be a method of direct analysis more convenient than paper chromatography or tlc. Use of a water based eluant and a reverse phase column for the HPLC analysis allows direct injection of a sample of the aqueous reaction solution after acidification, and no extraction with an organic solvent is necessary.
Importance of redfeed level, fish size and roe content to the quality of roe capelin

Summary The importance of various levels of redfeed, fish size, roe content, and length of storage at dockside while frozen, and during and after thawing, to the incidence of autolysis of the exterior of the visceral cavity of roe capelin were examined. Evaluations of 106,860 roe-capelin revealed that redfeed level, fish size, and roe content had little effect. The most important factors were frozen storage time and thawing time, followed by length of dockside storage. It was found that this aspect of the quality of roe-capelin could best be improved by reducing the times and temperatures to which roe-capelin are exposed prior to freezing, during frozen storage, and during and after thawing.
Human Fatty-acid Synthase Gene EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF TWO PROMOTERS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION

We have isolated and sequenced a genomic clone coding for the first three exons and the 5'-flanking region of the human fatty-acid synthase gene. The translation initiation site, ATG, is located in exon II. Primer extension and S1 nuclease analyses showed the presence of three transcription initiation (Ti) sites: Ti I, Ti II, and Ti III. The Ti I site is mapped to the beginning of the untranslated exon I and preceded by a promoter with recognizable TATA and CAAT boxes. The Ti II and Ti III sites are located in intron I, at 60 and 49 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation site ATG in exon II, respectively. These two Ti sites are preceded by four putative Sp1 boxes, but lack TATA and CAAT boxes. Analysis of luciferase reporter gene expression in transient transfection assays confirmed the existence of two promoters. A 200-base pair 5'-flanking region, which has strong promoter activity comparable with that of the CMV promoter, is considered human fatty-acid synthase promoter I. In a wild-type human fatty-acid synthase-luciferase construct, in which promoter I and intron I are present in their natural configuration, the reporter gene activity is only 1% of that of promoter I. Deletion analysis showed the existence of promoter II, which is located in intron I immediately upstream of the Ti II site. The strength of promoter II is approximately th of that of promoter I in transient transfection assays. Further analysis of reporter gene constructs showed that promoter II inhibited the reporter gene activity of the wild-type construct that contained promoter I and intron I and that the spatial separation of the two promoters is important for this inhibition. A model is proposed based on the possibility that the assembly of transcription complexes on promoter II creates a "roadblock" and reduces the overall expression of the fatty-acid synthase gene by interfering with the progression of transcription from promoter I.
The case for end-user programming of ubiquitous computing environments

Gone are the days that computers will be used by select users sitting at a desk with a mouse and keyboard. The next wave of computing, ubiquitous computing, is upon us. With smart phones, tablet computers, and embedded sensors/actuators flourishing, users are already interacting with dozens of computers per day. A large body of research has addressed many issues in hardware and software for the future, but few have focused on the users. We posit that the reason ubiquitous computing environments are still largely unrealized is because research is technology-centric, with inadequate focus on users. To bridge this gap between what technology can provide and what users need and want from ubiquitous computing, we motivate the need for end-user programming in ubiquitous computing environments and provide a vision for enabling end-user programming. We believe that the software engineering community must provide end-user programming capabilities in ubiquitous computing environments if this domain is to reach its full potential.
Digitalis Extraction Studies. III

Crystalline glycosides have been isolated from the fresh leaves of Digitalis lanata and separated into two fractions by a modification of the Bay and Gisvold procedure. The higher melting fraction was hydrolyzed and digoxigenin, digitoxose, and acetic acid identified in the hydrolysis mixture. The higher melting fraction was de-esterified, resulting in a product identified as digoxin. This and other evidence presented indicates an acetyl digoxin. The second, lower melting fraction has been tentatively identified as beta-acetyl digoxin. Color reactions also indicate the presence of a gitoxigenin-containing component.
Light-weight application monitoring and tuning with embedded gossip

For large-scale, long-running applications, monitoring can be expensive. While traditional trace-based monitoring provides detailed information about an application, it is expensive to record and gather the traced performance data. Processing the voluminous traced data is so demanding that information about the monitored application is only available post-mortem.
Clinical and economic analysis of delayed administration of antithymocyte globulin for induction therapy in kidney transplantation.

Context—The increasing number of marginal deceased kidney donors and an aging recipient population, prolonged hospitalization, and increased costs have destabilized the economic viability of kidney transplants.Objective—To determine if a delay in the administration of the day-of-discharge dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin would result in equivalent clinical outcomes with cost savings.Design—Single-center, prospective, observational before-and-after study of adult kidney transplant recipients who received induction with rabbit antithymocyte globulin.Intervention—Patients who received a transplant between June 2006 and February 2009 and received rabbit antithymocyte globulin served as the control group. Patients who received a transplant between March 2009 and August 2010 and received rabbit antithymocyte globulin had the day-of-discharge dose delayed to the following day and administered in the clinic. A total of 231 patients (146 in the control group, 85 in the study group) were included. Baseline dem...
A Coincidence Technique for Paper Chromatography

IN paper chromatography, the RF value, or ratio of distance travelled by substance to the distance travelled by solvent front, is generally used as the criterion of identity. If two substances have the same RF values in two or more solvent systems, they are assumed to be identical. But although RF values are often quoted with great precision, experience shows that they are, at best, only a rough guide and should not be used as the sole means of identifying a substance.
Banned on Broadway but Coming to a Theater Near You: The Captive and Rethinking the Breadth of American Anti-Lesbian Hostility in the 1920s and '30s

While the 1927 Broadway closing of the lesbian-themed play The Captive has been treated as launching the homophobic culture that dominated mid-twentieth-century America, the show actually continued to play in cities around the country. It was regularly greeted by packed houses and critics who scoffed at the reaction in New York. The opposition that did emerge was often generated by publisher William Randolph Hearst, while leading civil libertarians fought against him. This demonstrates that the homophobic policies of the 1920s and '30s were not the product of a deeply homophobic society, but generated by smaller numbers of moralizing entreprenuers.
Communication: New insight into the barrier governing CO2 formation from OH + CO

Despite its relative simplicity, the role of tunneling in the reaction OH + CO -> H + CO2 has eluded the quantitative predictive powers of theoretical reaction dynamics. In this study a one-dimensional effective barrier to the formation of H + CO2 from the HOCO intermediate is directly extracted from dissociative photodetachment experiments on HOCO and DOCO. Comparison of this barrier to a computed minimum-energy barrier shows that tunneling deviates significantly from the calculated minimum-energy pathway, predicting product internal energy distributions that match those found in the experiment and tunneling lifetimes short enough to contribute significantly to the overall reaction. This barrier can be of direct use in kinetic and statistical models and aid in the further refinement of the potential energy surface and reaction dynamics calculations for this system. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3589860]
A Gift of Words, a Gift of Truth: A Chipewyan Story of a Hard Winter

This article focuses on a poignant story told by an elderly Chipewyan or Dene woman—Mrs. Nataway—about the hardest winter of her life. She wished to tell me this story to counter any excessively romantic apperception I might have attained of the traditional caribou-hunting and fishing life in the northern Canadian transitional forest and barrenlands. In traditional Dene culture, storytelling, or giving gifts of words, is a holy activity that is a part of a broader system of reciprocity whereby knowledge/power cycles and the cosmos is prevented from reverting to chaos. In the manner of all elderly storytellers, Mrs. Nataway was concerned that my account of her words be true, since stories are inspired by the animals and inaccuracy can lead to being “out of luck” or having “bad luck” if they are offended. But a more basic concern is that knowledge cannot be empowering if it is not true. The truth is a central consideration in Chipewyan cosmology, wherein the universe is a moral not a mechanistic system. Mrs. Nataway was concerned with didactic, practical, and moral truth, and with the broader emotional truth that tends to be beyond explication. Her story could only be empowering to the extent that the listener could actually feel what the times of hardship were like when she was young, a time when nearly all of the Dene lived year-round in the bush.
Candidal infection in the central nervous system

Candida has become the most prevalent cerebral mycosis at autopsy, indicating a significant incidence coupled with inadequate eradication. Of 29 patients with systemic candidiasis, 48 percent (14 of 29) also had central nervous system involvement. Of these patients, however, only 21 percent (three of 14) had antemortem diagnosis, and only one of these three patients remains alive; the two patients with antemortem diagnosis who died had a meningeal form that, although easier to document on the basis of cerebrospinal fluid examination, is now distinctly rarer than other forms of the disease in adults. The lone surviving patient was treated with amphotericin B for endocarditis and mycotic aneurysms of the cerebral vessels. One clue to central nervous system candidal infection was the striking correlation between cardiac and cerebral involvement; 80 percent of patients with myocardial or valve infection also had central nervous system candidiasis. Most forms of immunosuppression represent a risk factor for both the systemic and cerebral mycoses. Neuropathologically, there is a spectrum of disease entities associated with Candida, including two previously unrecognized lesions reported herein: fungus balls of both white and gray matter and mycotic aneurysms secondary to Candida parapsilosis. Other parenchymal presentations include thrombosis, vasculitis, abscess, hemorrhage, and demyelination. For drug therapy such as amphotericin B to be more effective, earlier diagnosis of these parenchymal infections must be sought.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 80

The 1966 version of the Nuclear Data Sheets has been revised according to experimental data received prior to June 1974, including about 80 papers. Data are presented for eight nuclei (Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, and Sr). No excited states are known in As, although γ-activity has been assigned from Ge decay. Information on Se is available from As (16.5-s) decay, Br (17.4-m) decay, inelastic scattering, and Coulomb excitation. The Se level scheme includes 36 levels (22 Jπ-assignments). Data on the Br level scheme consist of an isomeric decay (4.4 h) and reaction data and include 44 levels (14 Jπ-values). The Kr level scheme consists of 7 levels (7 Jπ-values) based on data from Br(17.4-m) decay, Rb(34-s) decay, (xnγ), and Coulomb excitation. The Sr(100-m) decay scheme establishes only the first-excited state in Rb. Only the ground-state rotational band up to Jπ = 6+ is known for Sr based on (xnγ) data. Very few charged-particle reaction data are available except for (d,p) and (p,n) to Br. Considerable information on the level schemes might be gained from the following suggested reactions: Se82(p,He3)As80Q=-13.47MeV Se80(t,He3)As80Q=-5.98MeV Br81(d,He3)Se80Q=-2.01MeV Se82(p,t)Se80Q=-7.49MeV Se78(t,p)Se80Q=+8.39MeV Br81(p,d)Br80Q=-7.49MeV Se78(He3,p)Br80Q=+6.50MeV Kr80(t,He3)Br80Q=-1.99MeV Kr82(p,t)Kr80Q=-10.36MeV Kr78(t,p)Kr80Q=+11.41MeV Kr78(He3,p)Rb80Q=+5.30MeV Kr80(He3,t)Rb80Q=-5.81MeV
RORα Binds to E2F1 To Inhibit Cell Proliferation and Regulate Mammary Gland Branching Morphogenesis

Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) is a potent tumor suppressor that reduces cell proliferation and inhibits tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanism by which it inhibits cell proliferation remains unknown. We demonstrate a noncanonical nuclear receptor pathway in which RORα binds to E2F1 to inhibit cell cycle progression. We showed that RORα bound to the heptad repeat and marked box region of E2F1 and suppressed E2F1-regulated transcription in epithelial cells. Binding of RORα inhibited E2F1 acetylation and its DNA-binding activity by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the protein complexes. Knockdown of HDAC1 or inhibition of HDAC activity at least partially rescued transcription factor activity of E2F1 that was repressed by RORα. Importantly, RORα levels were increased in mammary ducts compared to terminal end buds and inversely correlated with expression of E2F1 target genes and cell proliferation. Silencing RORα in mammary epithelial cells significantly enhanced cell proliferation in the ductal epithelial cells and promoted side branching of the mammary ducts. These results reveal a novel link between RORα and E2F1 in regulating cell cycle progression and mammary tissue morphogenesis.
Clinical and survival covariates of eight classes of childhood supratentorial neuroglial tumors.

BACKGROUND In the current study, the authors investigated clinical, surgical, and histologic characteristics (covariates) and their interactions in eight previously identified classes of childhood supratentorial neuroglial tumors. The classes resulted from 5 factor score profiles on 703 supratentorial neuroglial tumors in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium database. METHODS The Cox proportional models were used to identify class survival covariates. RESULTS Age was found to be a survival covariate only in Class 1, in which older age increased the 5-year survival rate 73% from the first year (0.49) to the tenth year (0.85). A greater amount of tumor removed improved survival in Classes 2 and 4 only. Rosenthal fibers improved survival in Class 2 and overrode the negative effects of high Proliferative factor scores and pleomorphic nuclei. Survival for Class 3 children with high Proliferative factor scores improved from 0.60 to 0.95 as the Spongy factor scores increased. Survival in Class 4 increased from 0.17 to 0.39 with total tumor removal. Irregular nuclei and glomeruloid capillaries improved survival in Class 5 patients. Class 6 survival improved with low cell density. Macrocysts in tumors in Classes 1 and 5 were found to improve survival. CONCLUSIONS As a result of the current study, the authors conclude that survival covariates differ with tumor class and may modify prognosis considerably. Cancer 2002;95:1302–10. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10815
Pregnant Women’s Perceptions of Abuse

Objective To determine whether pregnant women's perceptions of abuse severity and danger, and their ability to control the abuse, are significantly correlated with the acts of abuse they experience, and to find out whether relationships exist among women's appraisals of abuse severity, danger, and their perceived ability to stop the abuse. Design A correlational design was used to compare the abusive acts experienced by the women and their perceptions of that abuse. Setting Nine prenatal clinics in urban areas of the northeastern United States. Participants: Sixty-one ethnically diverse, pregnant abused women were interviewed. Main Outcome Measure: Pearson's product-moment correlations were used to examine relationships between abusive experiences and women's perceptions of abuse. Results Women's perceptions of abuse severity were modestly correlated with threatened (r = .25) and actual violence (r = .36). Perceptions of abuse severity and danger were correlated (r = .41). Conclusions Women's beliefs about abuse severity, danger, and their ability to control abuse cannot be fully comprehended by exploring the discrete acts they experience. Further research is needed to identify additional factors that influence those beliefs. JOGNN , 30 , 283–290; 2001.
Middle ear carcinoid with distant osseous metastasis.

Middle ear carcinoid is a rare entity with an indolent clinical course. Numerous reports have described local recurrence and metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes, although only one report of distant visceral metastasis exists in the literature. We describe the potential for osseous metastasis. A 52-year-old male with previous middle ear carcinoid (resected 10 years prior) presented with a neck mass. Subsequent workup revealed a suspicious lytic lesion of the iliac crest. Selective neck dissection and core biopsy of the iliac lesion were performed, which revealed concurrent histologically identical metastasis to both the cervical lymph nodes and iliac crest, morphologically indistinguishable from the previous middle ear carcinoid. This case presents the novel description of distant osseous metastasis of middle ear carcinoid. Laryngoscope, 2013
GC/MS Determination of Pyrogallol and Gallic Acid in Biological Matrices as Diagnostic Indicators of Oak Exposure

A selective and sensitive method was developed for the quantitative determination of pyrogallol and detection of gallic acid in biological samples. Pyrogallol was measured as a metabolite of gallotannin in bovine urine and serum samples. Gallic acid was formed by hydrolysis of the gallotannins in blue oak (Quercus douglasii) leaves, tannic acid standards, and rumen contents. Acid hydrolyzed or acidified samples were extracted with 5% ethanol in ethyl acetate (v/v), followed by evaporation and derivatization with Deriva-sil. The trimethylsilyl derivatives were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. Method detection limits for gallic acid and pyrogallol were 0.5 ppm in urine and serum samples and 5 ppm in rumen contents. The diagnostic utility of the method was tested by analyzing samples from heifers dosed with blue oak leaves and commercial tannic acid.
Etomidate as an Anesthetic for Fish: Its Toxicity and Efficacy

Abstract Etomidate was tested as an anesthetic on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas, and bluegills Lepomis macrochirus. The 24-hour median lethal concentration (LC50) at various temperatures was lowest for bluegills (0.61–0.68 mg/liter) and highest for golden shiners (1.87–2.73 mg/liter). Generally, etomidate was more toxic, and induction of anesthesia and recovery from anesthesia were slower, at 17 C than at 22 and 27 C. Water hardness and pH had no or only slight effect on the toxicity and efficacy of etomidate. All channel catfish in 8 mg/liter and all golden shiners in 10 mg/liter were anesthetized within 2 minutes at 22 ± 1 C (±range) and all survived if removed from the etomidate immediately after opercular movement stopped. Both channel catfish and golden shiners were anesthetized within 15 minutes by 3 mg/liter, and all of the fish survived at this concentration for 30 minutes. Concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/liter sedated channel catfish, and 0.4 and 0.6...
Scaling LAPACK panel operations using parallel cache assignment

In LAPACK many matrix operations are cast as block algorithms which iteratively process a panel using an unblocked algorithm and then update a remainder matrix using the high performance Level 3 BLAS. The Level~3 BLAS have excellent weak scaling, but panel processing tends to be bus bound, and thus scales with bus speed rather than the number of processors (p). Amdahl's law therefore ensures that as p grows, the panel computation will become the dominant cost of these LAPACK routines. Our contribution is a novel parallel cache assignment approach which we show scales well with p. We apply this general approach to the QR and LU panel factorizations on two commodity 8-core platforms with very different cache structures, and demonstrate superlinear panel factorization speedups on both machines. Other approaches to this problem demand complicated reformulations of the computational approach, new kernels to be tuned, new mathematics, an inflation of the high-order flop count, and do not perform as well. By demonstrating a straight-forward alternative that avoids all of these contortions and scales with p, we address a critical stumbling block for dense linear algebra in the age of massive parallelism.
Robust Multispectral Image Registration Using Mutual-Information Models

Image registration is a vital step in the processing of multispectral imagery. The accuracy to which imagery collected at multiple wavelengths can be aligned directly affects the resolution of the spectral end products. Automated registration of the multispectral imagery can often be unreliable, particularly between visible and infrared imagery, due to the significant differences in scene reflectance at different wavelengths. This is further complicated by the thermal features that exist at longer wavelengths. We develop new mathematical and computational models for robust image registration. In particular, we develop a frequency-domain model for the mutual-information surface around the optimal parameters and use it to develop a robust gradient ascent algorithm. For a robust performance, we require that the algorithm be initialized close to the optimal registration parameters. As a measure of how close we need to be, we propose the use of the correlation length and provide an efficient algorithm for estimating it. We measure the performance of the proposed algorithm over hundreds of random initializations to demonstrate its robustness on real data. We find that the algorithm should be expected to converge, as long as the registration parameters are initialized to be within the correlation-length distance from the optimum
An Initial Attempt at Operationalizing and Testing the Community Coalition Action Theory

The Community Coalition Action Theory (CCAT) blends practice wisdom with empirical data to explain how community coalitions achieve community change and community capacity outcomes. The current study uses data from an evaluation of 20 California Healthy Cities and Communities coalitions to test relationships between coalition factors and outcomes as predicted by CCAT in two stages of coalition development. Data are from two rounds of coalition member surveys, interviews with local coalition coordinators, and semiannual progress reports. Consistent with CCAT predictions and prior research, shared decision making and leadership were correlated with participation; staff competence, task focus, and cohesion were correlated with member satisfaction. Coalition size was associated with participation and dollars leveraged. Also, consistent with CCAT, diversity of funding sources was associated with new leadership opportunities and program expansion; dollars leveraged was correlated with new leadership opportuniti...
Plio-pleistocene lacustrine stromatolites from lake Turkana, Kenya: Morphology, stratigraphy and stable isotopes

Abell, P.I., Awramik, S.M., Osborne, R.H. and Tomellini, S., 1982. Plio-Pleistocene lacustrine stromatolites from Lake Turkana, Kenya: morphology, stratigraphy and stable isotopes. Sediment. Geol., 32: 1--26. A sequence of fossil stromatolites from Lake Turkana in Kenya was examined for 51SO and 513C content. These stromatolites, ranging in age from Holocene (~10,000 yrs B.P.) to Middle Pliocene (-3 m.y.) showed a variety of growth forms from oncolitic, columnar layered to bulbous heads. The stromatolites used in our study contain filamentous blue-green algae of one morphological type and rare coccoids; thus the stromatolites are considered biogenic. The stable isotope ratios for oxygen and carbon indicate changing climatic conditions, ranging from a cool, wet climate prior to ca. 1.9 m.y. to much drier, warmer conditions around 1.4 m.y., followed in turn by a somewhat cooler and wetter climate at the end of the Pleistocene.
Synthesis of Zn-In-S Quantum Dots with Tunable Composition and Optical Properties.

II-III-VI semiconductors are of interest due to their chemical stability and composition-tunable optical properties. Here, we report a methodology for the synthesis of monodisperse zinc-indium-sulfide (ZIS) alloy quantum dots (QDs, mean diameter from ∼2 to 3.5 nm) with an In content substantially below that of the stoichiometric ZnIn2 S4 compound. The effects of indium incorporation on the size, lattice constant, and optical properties of ZIS QDs are elucidated. In contrast to previous reports, we employ sulfur dissolved in oleic acid as the sulfur donor rather than thioacetamide (TAA). The size of the ZIS QDs and their crystal lattice constant increased with increasing In incorporation, but they maintained the cubic sphalerite phase of ZnS, rather than the hexagonal phase typical of ZnIn2 S4 . The QDs' absorbance onset at UV wavelengths red-shifts with increasing In content and the accompanying increase in NC size. The ZIS NCs and related materials, whose synthesis is enabled by the approach presented here, provide new opportunities to apply II-III-VI semiconductors in solution-processed UV optoelectronics.
Effect of microstructure on high-temperature compressive creep of self-reinforced hot-pressed silicon nitride

An experimental self-reinforced hot-pressed silicon nitride was used to examine the effects of microstructure on high-temperature deformation mechanisms during compression testing. At 1575–1625°C, the as-received material exhibited a stress exponent of 1 and appeared to deform by steady-state grain-boundary sliding accommodated by solution-reprecipitation of silicon nitride through the grain-boundary phase. The activation energy was 610 6 110 kJ/mol. At 1450–1525°C for the as-received material, and at 1525–1600°C for the larger-grained heat-treated samples, the stress exponent was >1. Damage, primarily in the form of pockets of intergranular material at two-grain junctions, was observed in these samples.
Spectral Reflectance of Whitecaps: Instrumentation, Calibration, and Performance in Coastal Waters

A measurement system for determining the spectral reflectance of whitecaps in the open ocean is described. The upwelling radiance is obtained from a ship by observing a small region of the water surface over time using a six-channel radiometer (410, 440, 510, 550, 670, and 860 nm) extended from the bow of the ship. Downwelling irradiance is simultaneously measured and used to provide surface reflectance. The system includes a TV camera mounted beside the radiometer that provides a visual reference of surface events. Air/water temperature and wind speed/direction are also measured along with global positioning system data. Calibration procedures and radiometric characterization of the system for operation under different sky conditions and solar zenith angles are emphasized so that full advantage is taken of ship time whenever whitecap events occur. The radiometer was operated at sea and examples of the spectral reflectance of different foam types (thick foam layers to thin residual patches) generated by the ship’s bow in coastal waters are presented and found to vary spectrally. The presence of submerged bubbles in the foam measurement results in a lower reflectance at the longer wavelengths. For wavebands in the visible region, the spectral reflectance values tend to equalize with higher reflecting foam from thicker foam layers.
X-ray and Raman studies of MeV ion-bombarded GaInAs/GaAs

Abstract We have measured elastic strains and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon shifts in MeV ion-bombarded single layers of (GaIn)As on GaAs(001). We have used He, P, and Cl ions, all in the MeV range, to bombard the samples. Unexpectedly, it is found that the elastic strains initially decrease and the LO phonon frequency initially increases with dose. At higher doses, the strain increases and phonon frequency decreases, as expected for damaged GaAs crystals. For layers with negligible lattice relaxation (i.e., with an in-plane mismatch less than 0.01%), a precipitous perpendicular strain release occurs at a high damage-energy deposition level. The in-plane mismatch for these samples, however, did not change over the same dose range. For 1 μm thick, well-relaxed layers, the ion-beam-induced strain and phonon shift behave similarly to those in ion-damaged bulk GaAs crystals.
A Study of Attitudes Towards Gays and Lesbians in the State of Utah, U.S.A.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine Utahans' attitudes towards gay and lesbian people and their civil rights. Utah politics are dominated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (the Mormons) and the Republican Party, with membership typically shared by the two. However, Mormon sociocultural values are also distinctively pro-family and companionate. We wondered to what extent caring, warmth, and inclusiveness toward family members mitigated against the doctrinaire injunction to reject homosexuality and, if necessary, to reject family members who were homosexual. We found that proponents of gay and lesbian civil rights were likely to be personally familiar with gays and lesbians, to have empathetic attitudes about gay and lesbian youth and being out, and to possess a commitment to legal rights for gay and lesbian individuals and families. Opponents of gay and lesbian civil rights were driven by moralistic imperatives about sexuality and the roots of sexual behavior, made a sharp di...