cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing Holistic and Disaggregated Ratings in the Evaluation of Scientific Presentations

The National Institutes of Health refused to switch to disaggregated ratings as a method for evaluating proposals, because no contest between disaggregated and holistic ratings had ever used scientific materials as the to-be-rated stimuli. We designed two studies to fill this research void. Participants rated scientific convention presentations either using a holistic procedure in which one overall rating was given or a disaggregated procedure in which one rating was given to each of five criteria. In four of the six convention sessions the disaggregated ratings led to higher inter-rater reliability than did the holistic ratings; three of these differences were statistically significant. The inter-rater reliabilities between the two types of ratings collapsed across all sessions differed significantly. In a second experiment, participants rated posters using either disaggregated or holistic ratings. The disaggregated ratings again led to higher inter-rater reliability, but not significantly so. In 35 of the 43 sessions in which disaggregated and holistic ratings were compared, the variance of the disaggregated ratings was smaller. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new way of solving Maxwell's equations

A general solution of Maxwell's equations for a single frequency can be expressed as the combination of two types of solution, each of which is characterized by an electric vector which is equal to the magnetic vector times the intrinsic impedance of free space but a quarter cycle out of phase. These two types are mathematically orthogonal, and each can be conveniently expressed by means of a single scalar. The method leads to circularly polarized surface waves propagating along anisotropic sheets which are perfectly conducting in one tangential direction and perfectly transparent in the orthogonal tangential direction.
Detecting software modularity violations

This paper presents Clio, an approach that detects modularity violations, which can cause software defects, modularity decay, or expensive refactorings. Clio computes the discrepancies between how components should change together based on the modular structure, and how components actually change together as revealed in version history. We evaluated Clio using 15 releases of Hadoop Common and 10 releases of Eclipse JDT. The results show that hundreds of violations identified using Clio were indeed recognized as design problems or refactored by the developers in later versions. The identified violations exhibit multiple symptoms of poor design, some of which are not easily detectable using existing approaches.
Experimental verification of models for determining dispersion from attenuation

A modified broadband, through-transmission technique is used to compare the accuracy of three models: a nearly local model, a time-causal model, and a discrete minimum phase model, in determining the dispersion from the measured attenuation. By directly measuring the dispersion without first measuring the absolute phase velocity at different frequencies, the new technique eliminates the needs for measuring the speed of sound in the water and the trigger delays in data sampling, and minimizes the uncertainty in determining the phase spectra. Three specimens are used in the study: a block of Plexiglas that has a linear attenuation, a layer of a special rubber compound with an attenuation proportional to f/sup 1.38/ and a phantom made of castor oil that has an attenuation proportional to f/sup 1.67/. For linear attenuation all three models accurately predict the dispersion. For nonlinear attenuation, the time causal model is shown to be the most accurate model in predicting the dispersion. The nearly local model slightly overpredicts the dispersion in the case of the rubber compound and significantly overpredicts the dispersion in the case of the castor oil. The dispersion determined by the discrete minimum phase model seems to converge to the dispersion determined by the time causal model when the limit of integration is high enough.
Screening of metal-organic frameworks for carbon dioxide capture from flue gas using a combined experimental and modeling approach.

A diverse collection of 14 metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) was screened for CO2 capture from flue gas using a combined experimental and modeling approach. Adsorption measurements are reported for the screened MOFs at room temperature up to 1 bar. These data are used to validate a generalized strategy for molecular modeling of CO2 and other small molecules in MOFs. MOFs possessing a high density of open metal sites are found to adsorb significant amounts of CO2 even at low pressure. An excellent correlation is found between the heat of adsorption and the amount of CO2 adsorbed below 1 bar. Molecular modeling can aid in selection of adsorbents for CO2 capture from flue gas by screening a large number of MOFs.
Tolerant B Lymphocytes Acquire Resistance to Fas-mediated Apoptosis after Treatment with Interleukin 4 but Not after Treatment with Specific Antigen Unless a Surface Immunoglobulin Threshold Is Exceeded

Susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis in nontolerant B cells is regulated in a receptor-specific fashion. To explore the regulation of Fas killing in tolerant, autoreactive B cells, mice doubly transgenic for hen egg lysozyme (HEL)–specific B cell receptors and soluble HEL were examined. Engagement of CD40 led to enhanced Fas expression and acquisition of sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis in tolerant B cells, similar to that observed in nontolerant, receptor transgenic B cells. Engagement of surface immunoglobulin by specific (HEL) antigen failed to induce Fas resistance in tolerant B cells, in contrast to its effect on nontolerant B cells; however, cross-linking of biotinylated HEL with streptavidin induced similar levels of Fas resistance in tolerant and nontolerant B cells, which approximated the degree of Fas resistance produced by anti-Ig. Unlike surface Ig (sIg) engagement, physiological engagement of IL-4 receptors produced similar levels of Fas resistance in tolerant and nontolerant B cells. Thus, tolerant B cells differ from nontolerant B cells in the diminished capacity of surface immunoglobulin engagement to produce Fas resistance; however, tolerant B cells can be induced to become resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis by IL-4 or by higher order cross-linking of sIg receptors.
Feeling bad on Facebook: depression disclosures by college students on a social networking site

Background: Depression is common and frequently undiagnosed among college students. Social networking sites are popular among college students and can include displayed depression references. The purpose of this study was to evaluate college students’ Facebook disclosures that met DSM criteria for a depression symptom or a major depressive episode (MDE). Methods: We selected public Facebook profiles from sophomore and junior undergraduates and evaluated personally written text: ‘‘status updates.’’ We applied DSM criteria to 1-year status updates from each profile to determine prevalence of displayed depression symptoms and MDE criteria. Negative binomial regression analysis was used to model the association between depression disclosures and demographics or Facebook use characteristics. Results: Two hundred profiles were evaluated, and profile owners were 43.5% female with a mean age of 20 years. Overall, 25% of profiles displayed depressive symptoms and 2.5% met criteria for MDE. Profile owners were more likely to reference depression, if they averaged at least one online response from their friends to a status update disclosing depressive symptoms (exp(B) 52.1, Po.001), or if they used Facebook more frequently (Po.001). Conclusion: College students commonly display symptoms consistent with depression on Facebook. Our findings suggest that those who receive online reinforcement from their friends are more likely to discuss their depressive symptoms publicly on Facebook. Given the frequency of depression symptom displays on public profiles, social networking sites could be an innovative avenue for combating stigma surrounding mental health conditions or for identifying students at risk for depression. Depression and Anxiety 28:447–455, 2011. r 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comment on “Near-Surface Location, Geometry, and Velocities of the Santa Monica Fault Zone, Los Angeles, California” by R. D. Catchings, G. Gandhok, M. R. Goldman, D. Okaya, M. J. Rymer, and G. W. Bawden

Catchings et al. (2008; hereafter referred to as Catchings et al. ) effectively duplicated our acquisition of a high-resolution seismic reflection profile across a fault scarp near the tip of the Santa Monica fault, one of the major faults in the northern Los Angeles basin. The profiles crossed a distinct topographic scarp, which is one of a series of scarps that indicate the fault extends about 11 km across the northern Los Angeles basin before continuing undersea to the west (Dolan et al. , 2000). Based primarily on the seismic-reflection and refraction data, Catchings et al. argued that there are two active fault strands in the near surface (<100 m depth), in contrast to the single fault that we interpreted from a combination of seismic-reflection, geomorphologic, and trench data at the same site (Dolan and Pratt, 1997; Pratt et al. , 1998; Dolan et al. , 2000). Acceptance of the interpretation of Catchings et al. would significantly change seismic hazard assessments in the west Los Angeles–Santa Monica area in two ways. First, the addition of a second shallow, active fault strand about 200 m south of the known fault scarp and a zone of rotated strata between the two strands, as proposed by Catchings et al. , would widen by ∼200 m the zone of active faulting and surface deformation inferred in our earlier studies (although Catchings et al. , figs. 5 and 9 show fault B to reach the surface about 140 m south of the scarp, and their fig. 10 shows it to be about 100 m south of the scarp). If this same geometry were assumed along the portion of the topographic scarps for which it has not been documented, the additional zone of inferred active faulting would encompass a substantial area in this densely urbanized corridor. Second, Catchings et al. argue for a ∼20° dip for the shallowest 700 m length of …
Ultrathin nanosheets of CrSiTe3: a semiconducting two-dimensional ferromagnetic material

Finite range ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) systems within an isotropic Heisenberg model at non-zero temperature were originally proposed to be impossible. However, recent theoretical studies using an Ising model have shown that 2D magnetic crystals can exhibit magnetism. Experimental verification of existing 2D magnetic crystals in this system has remained exploratory. In this work we exfoliated CrSiTe3, a bulk ferromagnetic semiconductor, to mono- and few-layer 2D crystals onto a Si/SiO2 substrate. Raman spectra indicate good stability and high quality of the exfoliated flakes, consistent with the computed phonon spectra of 2D CrSiTe3, giving strong evidence for the existence of 2D CrSiTe3 crystals. When the thickness of the CrSiTe3 crystals is reduced to a few layers, we observed a clear change in resistivity at 80–120 K, consistent with theoretical calculations of the Curie temperature (Tc) of ∼80 K for the magnetic ordering of 2D CrSiTe3 crystals. The ferromagnetic mono- and few-layer 2D CrSiTe3 indicated here should enable numerous applications in nano-spintronics.
Corporate Social Responsibilities: Yesterday and Tomorrow

Predicting how we will come to understand corporate social responsibilities in the future is inextricably linked to today’s definition of the corporation. As numerous business ethicists have come to realize, discussions of corporate social responsibilities necessarily entail more broad-based and fundamental discussions of the definition, nature, and function of the modern business corporation (see, for example, (xcWalton, 1967 and (xcWalton, 1992), (xcDonaldson, 1982), (xcGilbert, 1992), (xcSolomon, 1992), (xcDonaldson and Dunfee, 1994,) (xcFrederick, 1995), (xcHartman, 1996). Before one can answer the question of what are corporate social responsibilities and how will our understanding of these responsibilities evolve in the future, one has to grapple with the prior question: What is the business corporation?
Fast Compressive Sensing Based on Dominant Frequency Estimation

This work investigates the theoretical analysis to enable fast and accurate estimation of dominant frequencies from randomly sampled signals by compressive sensing (CS). We show that dominant frequencies can be discovered using partially computed Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). We also propose a new system structure with an estimation unit that enables the signal reconstruction to be selectively bypassed for CS-based devices on signals with dominant frequencies, thus increasing the responsiveness and further reducing the power consumption. For verification, we design a photoplethysmagram (PPG) based heart rate monitor using the proposed algorithm. The accuracy is tested using MIMIC database. The detected heart rate is within 1 beat per minute from the reference over 99% of the data.
The Elements of Cultural Competence

Abstract Although Native people remain invisible to many Americans, they are clients of helping professionals, willingly or unwillingly, in disproportionate numbers. In the last decade the human services literature has reflected a demand for cultural competence; yet the elements of cultural competence have not been clearly defined for specific populations. This article reports the results of a survey of Native American social workers, nurses, and psychologists regarding their beliefs about culturally competent helping practices with Native clients. As both helping professionals and Native Americans, these respondents are in an excellent position to identify elements of culturally competent helping with this population.
Tissue engineering advances in spine surgery

Autograft, while currently the gold standard for bone grafting, has several significant disadvantages including limited supply, donor site pain, hematoma formation, nerve and vascular injury, and fracture. Bone allografts have their own disadvantages including reduced osteoinductive capability, lack of osteoprogenitor cells, immunogenicity and risk of disease transmission. Thus demand exists for tissue-engineered constructs that can produce viable bone while avoiding the complications associated with human tissue grafts. This review will focus on recent advancements in tissue-engineered bone graft substitutes utilizing nanoscale technology in spine surgery applications. An evaluation will be performed of bone graft substitutes, biomimetic 3D scaffolds, bone morphogenetic protein, mesenchymal stem cells and intervertebral disc regeneration strategies.
Law of the Republic of Moldova 'On Trademarks and Geographic Indications of the Origin of Goods'

A translation of the Moldovan trademark statute of 22 September 1995, Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova 8 February 1996, No. 8-9, section 76, into English.
Ministry with Persons with Mental Illness and Their Families

As I looked at the title of this book, I was transported back to my days at the School of Social Work in Virginia. One class in particular stuck out in that memory—Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders. It was my class on therapeutic diagnosis. As a dual degree student, I was in the midst of trying to make sense of both the theological and psychological worlds of my education. I was learning and writing about people who often feel broken by their minds, while holding fast to the idea that we are created good. That class would have made a lot more sense to me if this book had been written in 2000 rather than 2012. In the authors’ words, “The purpose of this book is to develop an integrated and interrelated approach that honors the work of the specialists in psychiatry, psychology, and theology” (p. 5). I appreciate this attempt to bring to light issues around mental health through conversations that include pastoral theologians, and certainly I could have used a book like this in my dual degree program. In this collection of conversations between psychiatrists and pastoral theologians, each pairing examines the psychological and theological implications of particular mental health diagnoses. Each chapter begins with case study. From there, a psychiatrist or psychologist discusses the prominent features of a particular diagnosis. This often includes a number of factors that may contribute to the rise of a mental health issue, as well as some of the factors that make people resistant or resilient to their diagnosis. This psychological conversation serves the purpose of introducing the particularities of diagnoses, giving the reader a sense of how someone living with a particular mental health issue may converse, relate, or act. The second half of each chapter takes this information and provides a theological turn. Here, a pastoral theologian looks at this same diagnosis through a pastoral lens; they offer pastoral care ideas; they dive in to the case study and discuss how they might respond; they offer public theological interpretations meant to call the church to a greater exploration of mental health. In short, I believe there is something here for just about everyone, in a plurality of contexts. Each chapter is well-written, even for those not conversant in mental health diagnosis. If anything, they may suffer a bit from a wealth of information that can feel overwhelming to a novice reader. This minor critique applies to both halves of the chapters. In the beginning, the amount of information given about a particular mental health issue may present some challenges due simply
System Error Analysis of Alignment Horizontal Displacement Equipment

At present,domestic manufacturers often take the way of unloading 50% of the weight to reduce creeping of invar wire in the absence of measurement. But foreign manufacturers consider that the creeping of wire is very small,so they do not unload the weight.In this paper,theoretical calculations and experimental analysis of the stainless invar wire are used to indicate the necessity of weight unloading. At the same time,some practical experience of the application of the alignment horizontal displacement equipment is summarized.
Eosinophilic granuloma and its variations.

The orthopedist is most likely to encounter solitary or multiple forms of eosinophilic granuloma of bone. Management includes curettage for diagnosis and treatment with insertion of autogenous bone. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are reserved for patients with multiple lesions and for the less common forms of histiocytosis X, i.e., Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and Letterer-Siwe disease.
Using collectively-derived standards to evaluate individual performance: a cautionary note on clinical practice guidelines

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the problem of evaluating an individual physician's performance relative to practice guidelines which have typically been derived from group consensus or some measure of central tendency. It is argued that when evaluated against a set of criteria derived at the macro-level, an individual physician's performance may justifiably vary due to the patient characteristics or the evolving process of care. It is also argued that it is not necessarily true that costs are reduced when practice variation is reduced. The results indicate that there are cost reduction in areas not targeted by the guidelines, suggesting a possible 'spillover effect' due to the increased vigilance in monitoring provider performance. The results also provide some evidence of increased costs following a reduction in variation. Caution should be exercised when evaluating individual physician performance relative to guidelines established at the aggregate level. Acceptable individual physician performance should be judged within the upper and lower boundaries of the implicit distribution of physicians' performances from which the established guidelines generated.
The Theses on Feuerbach: A Road not Taken

When we reread Marx nowadays, that reading has to address two salient and related features of our recent experience. The internal collapse of the Communist state apparatus in so many countries has left behind a variety of groups in those countries struggling to attain or rather to reattain the standpoint of civil society. At the same time the distinctively contemporary social theorizing of our own political culture, theorizing which gives a voice to the now dominant forms of power, either asserts or presupposes that the standpoint of civil society cannot be transcended. What then was and is the standpoint of civil society?
Landsat 8's atmospheric correction in SeaDAS: comparison with AERONET-OC(Conference Presentation)

There is a growing interest in high spatial resolution imagery for the retrieval of biogeochemical components over water to study the processes involved in inland and coastal waters as well as in the open ocean. High spatial resolution satellite presents a kind of different problems to the ones for coarse spatial resolution satellites (i.e. MODIS) for deriving ocean color products (i.e. chlorophyll-a or colored dissolved organic matter at a specific wavelength). The SeaDAS package has recently added the capability to handle Landsat 8 data and to produce ocean color standard products, but validation of the atmospheric correction with in situ data is needed. In this work, different schemes for atmospheric correction within SeaDAS are applied. These schemes include the use of the NIR-SWIR 2, SWIR 1-SWIR 2 combinations, with and without spatial averaging to account for the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the SWIR bands. The products from the atmospheric correction in SeaDAS, i.e. remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs) at four different wavelengths, are compared with in situ data. This is the first attempt to compare in situ Rrs with the output from SeaDAS/l2gen.
Spousal Religiosity, Religious Bonding, and Pornography Consumption

Religiosity and pornography use are often closely connected. Relatively few studies, however, have examined how this religion–pornography connection plays out within the context of committed romantic relationships. Moreover, virtually all studies of religion and pornography use conceptualize religiosity as a quality intrinsic to the person that typically reduces pornography viewing. Focusing on married Americans, this study shifted the focus to consider whether the religiosity of one’s spouse relates to one’s own pornography viewing and under what circumstances. Analyses of the nationally representative Portraits of American Life Study (N = 1026) revealed that spousal religiosity was strongly and negatively related to participants viewing pornography, controlling for participants’ own religious or sociodemographic characteristics or sexual satisfaction. This relationship held whether spousal religiosity was measured with participants’ evaluations of their spouses’ religiosity or spouses’ self-reported religiosity. The association between spousal religiosity and pornography use was also moderated by participants’ religious service attendance, gender, and age. Considering mechanisms, the association between spousal religiosity and pornography use was mediated by frequent participation in religious bonding activities as a couple, suggesting that spousal religiosity may decrease pornography viewing among married Americans by promoting greater religious intimacy and unity between the couple, consequently decreasing one’s interest or opportunities to view pornography.
Long Term Dose-Dependent Correction of Hemophilia A Dogs Using AAV-8 and AAV-9-Mediated FVIII Gene Transfer.

Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency in clotting factor VIII (FVIII). Current treatment for hemophilia is protein replacement therapy while a gene-based therapy would provide continuous expression of even low levels of FVIII protein (>1% of normal) that is likely to improve the disease phenotype. It is challenging to utilize an AAV-mediated gene transfer approach for the FVIII cDNA (4.4kb) since the AAV vector can only efficiently accommodate a 200 days (AAV9) (the longest time points to date) without any evidence of antibody formation to the transgene. In the low dose group at 150 days, FVIII levels were 1.5% (AAV8) and 0.5% (AAV9) cFVIII activity and were maintained in a follow up period of >150 days (AAV8) and >700 days (AAV9) without formation of antibodies to FVIII. Thus, no major differences between AAV8 and AAV9 vectors were observed. The transgene product is also functional based on shortening of whole blood clotting time (baseline values >50 min), in a dose-dependent manner, 10–15 min and 16–20 min for the high and low dose cohorts, respectively. Interestingly, high dose injection of AAV8 to 2 female HA dogs (1.25x1013 and 3x1013gc/v/kg) results in FVIII levels of 1–2%, which is consistent with data obtained in mice on the poor performance of AAV in mediating gene transfer to liver in female animals. Liver function tests and other blood chemistries were transiently elevated after the surgical procedure and were in normal limits within 4 days. Importantly, all dogs did not develop antibodies to FVIII. These findings suggest that FVIII chains efficiently assemble in vivo without increasing the protein immunogenicity. The 4 male dogs have remained asymptomatic with no spontaneous bleeds, whereas >20 bleeding episodes were expected for this group since untreated dogs require 5.5 plasma infusions/year. These data demonstrate for the first time, dose-dependent sustained expression of functional cFVIII in HA dogs by AAV8 and AAV9 vectors without formation of antibodies to cFVIII.
Affective publics: sentiment, technology and politics

In the weeks after the U.S. election in which Donald Trump won the presidency, a top story has focused on the great power of Facebook to shape political debate and the fact that misinformation, inc...
S9-Dependent Activation of 1-Nitropyrene and 3-Nitrofluoranthene in Bacterial Mutagenicity Assays

Nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NO2PAH) such as 1-nitropyrene (NP) and 3-nitrofluoranthene (NFA; see Fig. 1) have been detected in diesel and other combustion emissions (Nishioka et al., 1982; Gibson, 1982; Schuetzle et al., 1982). Many of these compounds are potent mutagens, and some are animal carcinogens (Hirose et al., 1984; Ohgahki et al., 1982). The mutagenicity of NO2PAH in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation assay is generally dependent on nitroreductase activity in the bacterial tester strains utilised (Mermelstein et al., 1981). This was shown to be the case for NP (Mermelstein et al., 1981; Ball et al., 1984a). When the bacterial tester strain was deficient in the required nitroreductase enzyme, metabolism by mammalian S9 or microsomal fractions was also able to activate this compound, although to a lesser extent (Kohan and Claxton, 1983; Ball et al, 1984a). Oxidative metabolism of NP both in vivo (Ball et al., 1984b) and in vitro (El-Bayoumy and Hecht, 1983; Ball et al., 1984a) was shown to form phenols and dihydrodiols some of which were themselves mutagenic to Salmonella. Binding to DNA, also an indication of potential for genotoxic damage, was catalysed both by reductive (Messieret al., 1981; Howard et al., 1983) and by NADPH-dependent oxidative metabolism of NP (Ball and Lewtas, 1985). Therefore both oxidative and reduc — tive pathways apppear to be capable of producing genotoxic intermediates from NP; further investigations will show whether this holds true for other NO2PAH, and what factors determine the relative importance of each route of metabolism. Thus we describe here a comparison of the activation pathways of NP and NFA (a NO2PAH which has not yet been as well characterised as NP) in the Ames assay for reversion to histidine independence in Salmonella strain TA98 and in a forward mutation to 8-azaguanine resistance in Salmonella strain TM677 (Skopek et al., 1978, modified by Goto et al., 1985).
The Obama Performance Approach: A Midterm Snapshot

The Obama administration has taken steps to adapt the traditional hierarchical approach to governance to a more results-focused and cross-agency collaborative approach. These steps are reflected not only in administration commitments but also in parallel initiatives that reinforce the use of results-focused and cross-agency efforts, such as the implementation of the Recovery Act and the passage of legislation revising the government's approach to performance improvement. Taken together, these initiatives will significantly influence the work of professionals in the "performance community."
Patient reminder and recall interventions to improve immunization rates

Background Immunization rates for children and adults are rising, but coverage levels have not reached optimal goals. As a result, vaccine‐preventable diseases still occur. In an era of increasing complexity of immunization schedules, rising expectations about the performance of primary care, and large demands on primary care providers, it is important to understand and promote interventions that work in primary care settings to increase immunization coverage. One common theme across immunization programs in many nations involves the challenge of implementing a population‐based approach and identifying all eligible recipients, for example the children who should receive the measles vaccine. However, this issue is gradually being addressed through the availability of immunization registries and electronic health records. A second common theme is identifying the best strategies to promote high vaccination rates. Three types of strategies have been studied: (1) patient‐oriented interventions, such as patient reminder or recall, (2) provider interventions, and (3) system interventions, such as school laws. One of the most prominent intervention strategies, and perhaps best studied, involves patient reminder or recall systems. This is an update of a previously published review.
The Solar Daily Atmospheric Oscillations as Revealed by Meteorological Data

The main material for study of the actual atmospheric oscillations consists of series of readings of records of meteorological data — particularly of pressure, but also of wind and temperature — made at ground level at numerous observatories widely distributed over the globe. The readings are commonly taken at hourly intervals, generally at the hours of local mean time, true or standard (that is, of a meridian, at a distance of some degrees of longitude, used for the standard time of the country or region). There is a vast body of such readings; the series for some stations goes back for more than a century. Much of this material is still unused for the purpose here considered.
A comparison of Riley encased methodology and traditional techniques for planting red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle)

The effectiveness of encasement and traditional techniques for planting red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle) in moderate to high wave energy environments was assessed. The three encasement types were the half‐length PVC pipes, full‐length PVC pipes, and bamboo pipes. Plantings were conducted in August, 1997 at two locations in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Sebastian and Rocky Point. Furthermore, plantings were conducted in November, 1997 using full‐length encasements and conventional planting. Results indicate that seedlings planted within full‐length PVC encasements had the highest survivorship and growth because of their protection from waves and currents. Failure of seedlings within bamboo encasements seemed to be caused by insufficient light exposure. When comparing the two locations, a significantly greater growth was observed at the Sebastian location than at the Rocky Point location for the planting conducted in November, but not for those planted in August. No significant difference was observed in seedling survival when comparing those planted in August and November. However, there was a significantly greater growth in mangroves planted in August. With the exception of width of surf zone, there was no significant difference in the selected environmental parameters between the two locations.
q-Canonical Monte Carlo Sampling for Modeling the Linkage between Charge Regulation and Conformational Equilibria of Peptides.

The overall charge content and the patterning of charged residues have a profound impact on the conformational ensembles adopted by intrinsically disordered proteins. These parameters can be altered by charge regulation, which refers to the effects of post-translational modifications, pH-dependent changes to charge, and conformational fluctuations that modify the pKa values of ionizable residues. Although atomistic simulations have played a prominent role in uncovering the major sequence-ensemble relationships of IDPs, most simulations assume fixed charge states for ionizable residues. This may lead to erroneous estimates for conformational equilibria if they are linked to charge regulation. Here, we report the development of a new method we term q-canonical Monte Carlo sampling for modeling the linkage between charge regulation and conformational equilibria. The method, which is designed to be interoperable with the ABSINTH implicit solvation model, operates as follows: For a protein sequence with n ionizable residues, we start with all 2n charge microstates and use a criterion based on model compound pKa values to prune down to a subset of thermodynamically relevant charge microstates. This subset is then grouped into mesostates, where all microstates that belong to a mesostate have the same net charge. Conformational distributions, drawn from a canonical ensemble, are generated for each of the charge microstates that make up a mesostate using a method we designate as proton walk sampling. This method combines Metropolis Monte Carlo sampling in conformational space with an auxiliary Markov process that enables interconversions between charge microstates along a mesostate. Proton walk sampling helps identify the most likely charge microstate per mesostate. We then use thermodynamic integration aided by the multistate Bennett acceptance ratio method to estimate the free energies for converting between mesostates. These free energies are then combined with the per-microstate weights along each mesostate to estimate standard state free energies and pH-dependent free energies for all thermodynamically relevant charge microstates. The results provide quantitative estimates of the probabilities and preferred conformations associated with every thermodynamically accessible charge microstate. We showcase the application of q-canonical sampling using two model systems. The results establish the soundness of the method and the importance of charge regulation in systems characterized by conformational heterogeneity.
Tracking Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation and Completion Among Medicare Beneficiaries to Inform the Efforts of a National Initiative.

Background: Despite cardiac rehabilitation (CR) being shown to improve health outcomes among patients with heart disease, its use has been suboptimal. In response, the Million Hearts Cardiac Rehabi...
Talbott, H., & Zmau, A. (2018). Electronic Resources Librarianship: A Practical Guide for Librarians.: Rowman & Littlefield. 193 pp., $65.00, ISBN: 978-1-5381-0730-0.

The trend over the past 25 years that has seen journals and textbooks moving to digital formats necessitated the creation of a new professional position, the electronic resources librarian, to mana...
MRI Measures of Murine Liver Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND An imaging method that allows quantitative fibrosis estimates is needed to facilitate the diagnosis of chronic liver disease. Amide proton transfer (APT) and tissue sodium concentration (TSC) estimates could meet this need. HYPOTHESIS APT and TSC estimates correlate with fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic liver disease. STUDY TYPE Prospective. PHANTOMS/ANIMAL MODEL Male C57Bl/6 mice given CCl4 or vehicle (N = 8 each) twice weekly for 16 weeks. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Liver T1 (Look-Locker gradient recalled echo [GRE] sequence), T2 (multiecho spin echo sequence), T1rho (fast spin echo sequence with 500 Hz spin locking pulse), and APT (GRE sequence with off-resonance pulses) data were acquired at 7 T at 12 and 16 weeks. Liver sodium data (multiple echo GRE sequence) were acquired at 12 weeks at 9.4 T. ASSESSMENT Liver proton T1 , T2 , T1rho , APT, sodium T2 *, and TSC were calculated. Histological measures included Sirius Red, hematoxylin and eosin, liver hydroxyproline content, and serum alanine transaminase (ALT). STATISTICAL TESTS Welch's two-sided t-test was used to test for differences between control and CCl4 -treated groups for serum ALT, hydroxyproline, Sirius Red staining, T1 , T2 , T1rho , APT, TSC, and sodium T2 *. Pearson's correlations between liver T1 , APT, TSC, or sodium T2 * with Sirius Red staining and hydroxyproline levels were calculated. RESULTS APT was significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups in the left liver lobe at 16 weeks (CCl4 : 8.0% ± 1.2%, controls: 6.2% ± 1.0%), as were average liver TSC at 12 weeks (CCl4 : 38 mM ± 5 mM, controls: 27 mM ± 2 mM), and average sodium liver T2 * at 12 weeks (CCl4 : 10 msec ± 1.0 msec, controls: 12 msec ± 1.9 msec). APT, TSC, and sodium T2 * correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with Sirius Red staining and hydroxyproline levels. DATA CONCLUSION Liver TSC and APT significantly correlated with histopathologic markers of fibrosis in this mouse model. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
Pancreatic cancer Masquerading as lung nodules: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Abstract To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolated pulmonary nodules as an initial presentation of underlying pancreatic cancer. We present a case of metastatic pancreatic cancer which manifested as worsening bilateral pulmonary nodules and normal abdominal imaging in a 72-year-old female patient. A navigational bronchoscopy with biopsy of lung nodules was performed which showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 levels were elevated so endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration was done which revealed an underlying occult pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with chemotherapy. Patients with pulmonary metastasis have been shown to confer longer survival as compared to metastatic disease involving other organs. We have briefly reviewed the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and management of such cases in our report.
Patterns of Cognition, Communication, and Adaptive Behavior in Children With Developmental Disabilities

Young children with developmental disabilities (DD) exhibit a range of strengths and weaknesses in cognitive, language, and adaptive skills. Identifying individual patterns of abilities across these domains is important for informing interventions. This study examines how 129 toddlers with significant developmental delays and less than 10 spoken words perform across different developmental domains and assessment methods (i.e., caregiver report and clinician-administered tests). Children exhibited statistically and clinically meaningful strengths and weaknesses across developmental domains, which may have important implications for differential interventions. Caregiver-reported and clinician-rated measures of cognition, language and adaptive functioning were highly related. However, the relation between caregiver report and clinician ratings was weaker for a subgroup of children with relatively more limited expressive language compared to other children in the sample.
Normative principles and the nature of mind-dependence

One of the most fundamental debates in metaethics is whether (subsets of) the normative facts are mind-dependent. Yet some philosophers are skeptical that mind-dependence is a category that's significant in the way metaethicists have assumed it is. In this paper, I consider a puzzle that showcases this skepticism, explaining how it undermines the most natural reading of the mind-dependence claim. I then go on to show that no modification of this reading within a certain class can hope to solve the problem. I conclude by suggesting a new way that mind-dependence should be understood: mind-dependence is ultimately a matter of how normative principles are grounded. I develop this view briefly before concluding.
Symplectic hypersurfaces in ℂℙ

We establish the uniqueness of the symplectic 4-manifolds which admit low degree symplectic embeddings into CP 3 . We also discuss the uniqueness of the fundamental group of the complement of such embeddings into arbitrary symplectic 6-manifolds.
The U.S. cold wave of December 1983: An assessment utilizing the historical record since 1940

A temperature departure index utilizing mean monthly temperatures for the period 1940–1983 is established for all months of the year. Using 193 sites divided into ten regions across the contiguous United States, index values show that December 1983 was the most unusual December for all but the Southwest and the three easternmost regions. In fact, the December 1983 conditions were the most extreme for any month of the year in the 44-year period for the Central and Southern Rockies/High Plains regions and the second most unusual for the Northern Plains and South Central regions. Of the 5280 index values calculated for the ten regions for all months over the 44-year period, December 1983 accounted for four of the top 20 values including the single highest value (which occurred in the Central region).
Guano, compromisos creíbles y el pago de la deuda externa peruana del siglo XIX

Peru’s experience with sovereign debt during the guano boom is one of the most remarkable in the nineteenth century. Despite the country’s ongoing political instability and poor capital market reputation, the price of Peruvian bonds soared shortly after settlement in 1849, and the country enjoyed relatively low credit risk until the 1870. The paper discusses the incentives Peru and its creditors faced, and explains how Peru’s extraordinary performance was founded on its credible commitment to service its debt with the guano proceeds
Madagascar: an unexpected hotspot of social Anelosimus spider diversity (Araneae: Theridiidae)

. The spider genus Anelosimus Simon, 1891 (Theridiidae) currently contains over forty described species, found worldwide in tropical to warm temperate areas. American Anelosimus are all social, a rare trait among spiders, but social behaviour has not been reported for Anelosimus species elsewhere. Old World Anelosimus are poorly known, both behaviourally and taxonomically, and no Anelosimus species have yet been described from sub-Saharan Africa or Madagascar. Based on a preliminary phylogenetic analysis we predicted sociality in an undescribed Madagascar species because it grouped among social New World species. An expedition to Madagascar then found no less than five undescribed periodic-social (subsocial) Anelosimus species in Perinet reserve. A sixth species from the same locality is known from museum specimens and the Anelosimus diversity of Perinet is comparable with the most diverse single locality in the Americas. Subsocial species play a key role in understanding the evolution of permanent sociality (quasisociality). This increased pool of available subsocial study species demonstrates the utility of phylogenies as predictors of traits in species thus far unstudied. Here, A. andasibesp.n., A. may Agnarsson sp.n., A. nazarianisp.n., A. salleesp.n., A. salutsp.n. and A. vondronasp.n. are described. Anelosimus locketi Roberts, 1977 from Aldabra Atoll is a junior synonym of A. decaryi (Fage, 1930) comb.n. from Madagascar. Preliminary data on the behaviour of the new species are given, indicating a level of sociality similar to the American A.‘arizona’1. The phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of the Madagascar group and places it as sister to a clade containing the eximius lineage from the Americas, and a pair of undescribed Tanzanian species.
A "Double" Sharpe Ratio

Sharpe's (1966) portfolio performance ratio, the ratio of the portfolio’s expected return to its standard deviation, is a very well known tool for comparing portfolios. However, due to the presence of random denominators in the definition of the ratio, the sampling distribution of the Sharpe ratio is somewhat difficult to determine. This paper studies the properties of Sharpe ratio and then uses the bootstrap methodology to suggest a new “double” Sharpe ratio which incorporates estimation risk. We illustrate our methodology with the 30 largest growth mutual funds. We find that the ranking of mutual funds by the Sharpe and Double Sharpe ratios can be quite different.
Biological and Chemical Characterization of Toxic Substances from Candida albicans

Whole cells, morphological components, and various extracts of Candida albicans were tested for toxicity by methods involving biological activities ordinarily used to characterize bacterial endotoxin. Fungal preparations exerted several of these activities, but only at much higher dose levels than those required for bacterial products. Both fungal cell walls and intact cells were pyrogenic in rabbits and lethal to actinomycin D-treated mice, but only the former were also lethal to chicken embryos; neither coagulated a hemolysate of horseshoe crabs. Wallfree fungal protoplasm was minimally pyrogenic but negative in the other assays. Bacterial endotoxin was strongly active in all four systems. The toxicity of fungous cell walls was undiminished after exposure to strong alkali, a treatment which destroyed bacterial endotoxin. Extracts obtained with hot phenol-water or potassium hydroxide killed mice but were nonpyrogenic. A defatted and enzyme-digested ethylenediamine extract was both lethal and pyrogenic. Particulate fungal materials but not bacterial endotoxin induced a granulomatous response in prepared mice. These data indicate that contaminating bacterial endotoxin was not responsible for the biological effects of fungal products and suggest that C. albicans may contain at least two different toxic components. Chemical analyses were performed on soluble fractions, but a role in toxicity could not be assigned to any identified component.
Structural homology of a macrophage differentiation antigen and an antigen involved in T-cell-mediated killing.

Two distinct murine cell-surface differentiation antigens, Mac-1 and LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1), are compared here and shown to be related at the molecular level. Mac-1, defined by the M1/70 rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb), is expressed on macrophages, natural killer cells and 50% of bone marrow cells, but not on B or T lymphocytes1–3. In contrast, the LFA-1 antigen, defined by the M7/14 rat anti-mouse MAb, is expressed on B and T lymphocytes and 75% of bone marrow cells, but not on thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages4,5. MAb blocking studies suggest that LFA-1 participates in T-lymphocyte-mediated killing and T-lymphocyte antigen-specific responses4,5. Mac-1 and LFA-1 have α-polypeptide chains of 170,000 and 180,000 molecular weight (Mr), respectively, and both contain β polypeptides of 95,000 Mr. This similarity prompted us to investigate their relationship. Mac-1 and LFA-1 have distinct cellular distributions, MAb-defined antigenic determinants and α-subunits, but have highly homologous or identical β-subunits as shown by tryptic peptide mapping. Moreover, they share some common antigenic determinants recognized by a polyclonal antiserum. Cross-linking studies show that in each antigen the subunits are noncovalently associated in α1β1 structures. Mac-1 and LFA-1 comprise a novel family of two-chain leukocyte differentiation antigens.