cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the thrombogenicity of selected microporous oxygenator membranes.

: A comparative study of the thrombogenicity of several microporous membranes was performed using an ex vivo system simulating the conditions in an artificial lung. A study of platelet adhesion and adsorbed protein layer indicated that the membranes separated into three groups. Copolyurethane membranes adsorbed very few platelets and appeared to be most compatible; microporous polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes were intermediate in their response; silicone rubber and silicone rubber-coated paper membranes showed numerous platelet clots, often involving neutrophils and fibrin, and were the least blood compatible.
Study of Spin-Exchange Collisions in Vapors of Rb 85 , Rb 87 , and Cs 133 by Paramagnetic Resonance

The effective spin-dephasing cross sections of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$, ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$, and ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}$ caused by spin-exchange collisions have been measured using paramagnetic resonance techniques to examine the Zeeman transitions of these alkalis. The collision frequency was determined from the width of the absorption lines and the density of atoms by comparing the intensity of the signal with a CuS${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}5${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O crystal in the same cavity. The spin-dephasing cross sections of ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{85}$, ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}$, and ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}$ are 2.0, 1.9, and 2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The 70% probable error is \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20%. The relation of these measured dephasing cross sections to the spin-exchange cross sections is discussed. The thermal relaxation times were measured also; it was found that they were best explained by the strong exchange coupling which enhanced a relatively weak relaxation mechanism.
The Cosmopolitan Imperative: Global Justice through Accountable Integration

Cosmopolitan political theorists hold that our obligations to distribute resources to others do not halt at state borders, but most do not advocate a restructuring of the global system to achieve their distributive aims. This article argues that promoting democratically accountable economic and political integration between states would be the most effective way to enable cosmopolitan, or routine, tax-financed, trans-state distributions. Movement toward a more integrated global system should encourage the view that larger sets of persons have interests in common that should be protected and promoted in common. Democratically accountable integration also should enable those within less-affluent states to more vigorously press trans-state distributive claims. The still-evolving E.U. is examined as a partial model for the integrated alternative in other geographic regions, as well as, in the much longer term, for some form of democratic global government capable of ensuring that any person born anywhere would have access to adequate resources and life opportunities.
Computer simulation of Paramecium chemokinesis behavior

Abstract A computer program was designed to simulate the distribution of paramecia in a T-maze assay for chemo-accumulation and dispersal. Simulated values of chemokinesis are compared to experimental values for normal and mutant paramecia. The roles of components of swimming behavior (turning frequency and swimming speed), adaptation, and reaction at the border of solutions are examined.
Cognitive Adaptation of Sonar Gain Control in the Bottlenose Dolphin

Echolocating animals adjust the transmit intensity and receive sensitivity of their sonar in order to regulate the sensation level of their echoes; this process is often termed automatic gain control. Gain control is considered not to be under the animal's cognitive control, but previous investigations studied animals ensonifying targets or hydrophone arrays at predictable distances. To test whether animals maintain gain control at a fixed level in uncertain conditions, we measured changes in signal intensity for a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) detecting a target at three target distances (2.5, 4 and 7 m) in two types of sessions: predictable and unpredictable. Predictable sessions presented the target at a constant distance; unpredictable sessions moved the target randomly between the three target positions. In the predictable sessions the dolphin demonstrated intensity distance compensation, increasing the emitted click intensity as the target distance increased. Additionally, as trials within sessions progressed, the animal adjusted its click intensity even from the first click in a click train, which is consistent with the animal expecting a target at a certain range. In the unpredictable sessions there was no significant difference of intensity with target distance until after the 7th click in a click train. Together, these results demonstrate that the bottlenose dolphin uses learning and expectation for sonar gain control.
Theoretical Basis for Kinetic Effects in Gas-Solid Chromatography

LATERAL diffusion in the gas phase as well as sorption–desorption kinetics may both influence the plate height of gas-solid chromatography. While the complicated nature and alignment of adsorbing surfaces in a column cannot be fully described mathematically, a model is presented here which allows for the fundamental diffusion and reaction processes of gas-solid chromatography. The theory is written in a general form which can be readily extended to more complex phenomena. The adsorption isotherm is assumed linear, a condition recently made practical by highly sensitive detectors.
Complex inheritance and parent-of-origin effect in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Abstract Background Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is an idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) with complex inheritance. Previous studies have suggested maternal inheritance and female excess in IGEs but have not been specific for JME. We investigated evidence for maternal inheritance, female excess and patterns of familial seizure risk in a well-characterized sample of JME families. Methods: We ascertained 89 families through a JME proband and 50 families through a non-JME IGE proband. JME families were divided into those with and without evidence of linkage to the EJM1 susceptibility locus on chromosome 6. We analyzed transmission in 43 multigenerational families, calculated the adjusted sex ratio for JME, and looked for evidence of seizure specific risk in 806 family members. Results: We found evidence for preferential maternal transmission in both EJM1-linked and unlinked families (2.7:1), evidence even more marked when potential selection factors were excluded. The adjusted female: male risk ratio was very high in JME (RR=12.5; 95% CI: 1.9–83.7). Absence seizures in JME probands increased the overall risk of seizures in first degree relatives (15.8% vs. 7.0%, P=0.011), as well as first-degree relatives' specific risk of absence seizures (6% vs. 1.6%, P=0.01), but not myoclonic seizures. Conclusions: We have confirmed the finding of maternal inheritance in JME, which is not restricted to JME families linked to the EJM1 locus. The striking female excess in JME may relate to anatomical and/or endocrine sexual dimorphism in the brain. Evidence for independent inheritance of absence and myoclonic seizures in JME families reinforces a model in which combinations of loci confer susceptibility to the component seizure types of IGE.
ɛPKC phosphorylates the mitochondrial K+ATP channel during induction of ischemic preconditioning in the rat hippocampus

Neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia conferred by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) requires translocation of epsilon protein kinase C (epsilonPKC). A major goal in our laboratory is to define the cellular targets by which epsilonPKC confers protection. We tested the hypothesis that epsilonPKC targets the mitochondrial K(+)(ATP) channel (mtK(+)(ATP)) after IPC. Our results demonstrated a rapid translocation of epsilonPKC to rat hippocampal mitochondria after IPC. Because in other tissues epsilonPKC targets mtK(+)(ATP) channels, but its presence in brain mitochondria is controversial, we determined the presence of the K(+)(ATP) channel-specific subunits (Kir6.1 and Kir6.2) in mitochondria isolated from rat hippocampus. Next, we determined whether mtK(+)(ATP) channels play a role in the IPC induction. In hippocampal organotypic slice cultures, IPC and lethal ischemia were induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Subsequent cell death in the CA1 region was quantified using propidium iodide staining. Treatment with the K(+)(ATP) channel openers diazoxide or pinacidil 48 h prior to lethal ischemia protected hippocampal CA1 neurons, mimicking the induction of neuroprotection conferred by either IPC or epsilonPKC agonist-induced preconditioning. Blockade of mtK(+)(ATP) channels using 5-hydroxydecanoic acid abolished the neuroprotection due to either IPC or epsilonPKC preconditioning. Both ischemic and epsilonPKC agonist-mediated preconditioning resulted in phosphorylation of the mtK(+)(ATP) channel subunit Kir6.2. After IPC, selective inhibition of epsilonPKC activation prevented Kir6.2 phosphorylation, consistent with Kir6.2 as a phosphorylation target of epsilonPKC or its downstream effectors. Our results support the hypothesis that the brain mtK(+)(ATP) channel is an important target of IPC and the signal transduction pathways initiated by epsilonPKC.
Clinicopathologic study after submacular removal of choroidal neovascular membranes treated with verteporfin ocular photodynamic therapy.

Abstract Purpose To report the clinicopathologic findings after submacular removal of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) treated with verteporfin ocular photodynamic therapy. Design Interventional case series. Methods Retrospective review of eight eyes of eight patients who underwent submacular surgery for CNV after having previously received verteporfin ocular photodynamic therapy for presumed ocular histoplasmosis (one patient), age-related macular degeneration ([AMD] three patients) pathologic myopia (two patients), punctate inner choroiditis (one patient), and idiopathic CNV (one patient). All cases had undergone ocular photodynamic therapy with verteporfin using standard protocols. Six of eight patients suffered a submacular hemorrhage after ocular photodynamic therapy, and two of eight patients refused further ocular photodynamic therapy. All patients subsequently had submacular surgery with removal of the CNV. One membrane was routinely processed, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Five membranes were stained with toluidine blue for light microscopic examination. Semithin (1.0 μm) sections were cut and stained with uranyl acetate-lead citrate for transmission electron microscopy. Results Choroidal neovascular membranes were removed at 3 days (presumed ocular histoplasmosis), 29 days (punctate inner choroiditis), 63 days (AMD, pathologic myopia), 66 days (AMD), 107 days (pathologic myopia), 116 days (AMD), and 152 days (idiopathic) after verteporfin ocular photodynamic therapy. Histopathologic and ultrastructural examination showed areas of vascular occlusion at 3 days that were not seen at later time points. All specimens had patent CNV. There were signs of vascular damage with extravasated erythrocytes and fibrin, pigment clumping in cells, and inflammatory cells in all but the 3-day specimen. Conclusions This case series presents data only from patients who refused repeat treatment with ocular photodynamic therapy or who developed submacular hemorrhage after initial photodynamic therapy. Histopathologic evaluation of CNV 3 days after verteporfin ocular photodynamic therapy showed partial vascular occlusion that was not present in later specimens. These later specimens demonstrated evidence of vascular damage. Verteporfin ocular photodynamic therapy does not appear to lead to permanent and complete occlusion of the CNV. Thus, treatments that lead to permanent closure of CNV without damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and sensory retina are still needed.
Becoming researchers: doctoral students' developmental processes

A key step in the development of skills to conduct independent research is the ability to develop topics of interest into research studies that examine problems of significance in a field of study. This qualitative interview study conducted in the USA examined how seven novice qualitative researchers who had taken course work in qualitative research methods selected topics for research and developed these into studies for dissertation research. Findings identify processes contributing to novice researchers' abilities to conceptualize their topics as significant. These processes include recognizing the need to integrate their interests in existing disciplinary fields, learning that occurred through the practice of fieldwork, applying guidance from advisors and committee members, and developing a deeper understanding of the relationship of their studies to existing research. The paper suggests points of tension for new scholars in the development of research topics, exploring how doctoral supervisors and in...
The TNF receptor-ligands 4-1BB-4-1BBL and GITR-GITRL in NK cell responses

Interactions between several tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily members that are expressed by T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and various other cell types modulate immune responses. This review summarizes the current understanding of how the TNF ligand-TNFR interactions 4-1BBL with 4-1BB, and GITRL with glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related (GITR) regulate NK cell mediated antitumor responses and discuss its therapeutic implications.
Immune mechanisms in Graves' disease

I. Introduction GRAVES' DISEASE is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of stimulatory anti-TSH receptor antibodies which are thought to act via the TSH receptor to increase iodide uptake and cyclic AMP (cAMP), in turn, resulting in T3 and T4 production and secretion (1–7). There have been many clinical articles published summarizing the clinical and laboratory manifestations of Graves' disease (1–7) and excellent reviews of “Autoimmune Thyroid Disease” by Weetman and McGregor (2) and of “Endocrine Ophthalmopathy” by Jacobson and Gorman (8) have been published recently. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the known and suspected immunologic mechanisms which are important in mediating or aggravating Graves' disease and its associated clinical findings. This review will emphasize that our present understanding of normal immune mechanisms of antibody formation, in addition to our comprehension of the perturbations leading to Graves' disease, is inadequate.
LCA approach to the analysis of solvent waste issues in the pharmaceutical industry

Life cycle assessment offers a unique opportunity to analyze emission reductions across all manufacturing sectors. However, few efforts have been made to apply this method to the pharmaceutical industry. Typically, between 80 and 90% of the total mass used in the production of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) may be attributed to solvent use. Manufacture of virgin solvent and solvent waste management contribute significantly more life cycle emissions than comparable processes for commodity chemicals, with the majority of this waste consisting of CO2 and other green house gas emissions. Three case studies from Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Novartis are examined. In these cases, solvent recovery and reduction techniques are integrated into API syntheses. It is shown that the actual extent of the environmental footprint reduction can only be realized with a full life cycle analysis.
Icing Encounter Flight Simulator

The Icing Encounter Flight Simulator is one part of the Smart Icing Systems project at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From the Smart Icing Systems project, an ice management system was designed that would sense and characterize ice, notify the pilot, and if necessary take measures to ensure the safety of the aircraft. The icing simulator was used as a platform to integrate and test different components of the Smart Icing System. To create an Icing Encounter Flight Simulator, functionality and Smart Icing System components were added to the FlightGear flight simulator. Functionality added to FlightGear include a reconfigurable aircraft model and an icing model, and Smart Icing System components added include an envelope protection system and a glass cockpit enhanced with ice management system features. To ensure a real-time simulation, computationally intensive processes were distributed over several desktop computers linked together through a local network. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Smart Icing System components, two fictional but historically motivated icing scenarios were developed and tested with a simulated DeHavilland DHC-6 Twin Otter, specifically, a tailplane stall event during a steep descent and a roll upset event during an emergency approach. Language: en
Varietal resistance to stem borer pests of rice management in West Africa: A review

Major rice stem borers in W. Africa were discussed and scientific investigations relating to varietal resistance were reviewed. Impediments militating against a faster rate of development of this area of research in W. Africa were highlighted. A call was made to accord greater emphasis and priority to research on varietal resistance since in the long run it will become the most important rice crop management tactic feasible for the majority of West African small scale rice fanners.
Durable loss of a malignant T-cell clone in a stage IV cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patient treated with high-dose interferon and photopheresis.

Abstract Stage IV cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) has a notoriously poor prognosis and many treatment options exist. We describe the successful treatment of a case of stage IV CTCL with combination photopheresis and high-dose interferon alfa (IFNα). The patient was treated with combination therapy of monthly photopheresis and daily doses of IFNα up to 36 MU. Response to therapy was followed by clinical observation and Southern blot analysis for the detection of a malignant clone. The findings of this case were compared with others using a computer-based literature review. A complete clinical response lasting 64 months was achieved. Clinical relapse was preceded by an increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio and by reappearance of the T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Combined photopheresis and high-dose IFNα led to a durable and sustained complete response in stage IV CTCL. CD4/CD8 ratios and T-cell gene rearrangements may be helpful in patient management. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:880-3.)
Plasticity of GABA function in the nucleus tractus solitarius in hypertension

the brain plays an important role in the normal regulation of arterial pressure, and alteration in the regulation provided by the brain may chronically influence arterial pressure leading to hypertension or hypotension. Indeed, substantial evidence suggests that human hypertension frequently has a
Ontologies and Data Integration in Biomedicine: Success Stories and Challenging Issues

In this presentation, we review some examples of successful biomedical data integration projects in which ontologies play an important role, including the integration of genomic data based on Gene Ontology annotations, the cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG) project, and semantic mashups created by the Semantic Web for Health Care and Life Sciences community.
Criminal incident data association using the OLAP technology

Associating criminal incidents committed by the same person is important in crime analysis. In this paper, we introduce concepts from OLAP (online-analytical processing) and data-mining to resolve this issue. The criminal incidents are modeled into an OLAP data cube; a measurement function, called the outlier score function is defined on the cube cells. When the score is significant enough, we say that the incidents contained in the cell are associated with each other. The method can be used with a variety of criminal incident features to include the locations of the crimes for spatial analysis. We applied this association method to the robbery dataset of Richmond, Virginia. Results show that this method can effectively solve the problem of criminal incident association.
Macrophages and the synovial lining.

(1995). Macrophages and the Synovial Lining. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology: Vol. 24, No. sup101, pp. 67-75.
Autoinhibitory domain fragment of endothelial NOS enhances pulmonary artery vasorelaxation by the NO-cGMP pathway.

Catalytic activity of eNOS is regulated by multiple posttranscriptional mechanisms, including a 40-amino acid (604-643) autoinhibitory domain (AID) located in the reductase domain of the eNOS prote...
Dehydration in infancy and childhood.

1. Laurence Finberg, MD* 1. *Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco and Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the conditions under which dehydration can occur. 2. Describe the first step in therapy of dehydration. 3. Explain how to treat isonatremic and hypernatremic dehydration. 4. Delineate when oral hydration may be started and why. The concept of dehydration did not enter clinical medicine until the 1830s and was not scientifically defined for some years after that. Although the word dehydration in general English usage means loss of water, in physiology and medicine, the unmodified word means a loss of water and salt or extracellular fluid (ECF), the most common of the clinically recognized types of dehydration. Depending on the type of pathophysiologic process, water and salts (primarily sodium chloride) may be lost in physiologic proportion or lost disparately, with each type producing a somewhat different clinical picture. We have found it useful to designate these types as isonatremic (classical), hypernatremic (hypertonic), or hyponatremic (hypotonic). The differential losses produce different clinical features because of the functional impermeability of the Na+ and Cl− ions of the ECF to the adjacent intracellular fluid (ICF). We use sodium rather than chloride in the nomenclature because chloride ions are simultaneously involved in a reciprocal relationship with bicarbonate ions. Such classification of the clinical entities has proved useful for understanding of the pathogenesis and especially for treatment. Dehydration is a physiologic disturbance that occurs in a wide variety of circumstances affecting water and salt losses. The most common associated disease group among infants is the infectious diarrheas caused by viral and bacterial agents. The most frequent pathogens in the United States are the several rotavirus species, which are most prevalent in the winter months. Bacterial diarrhea, currently seen less commonly over the past 40 years, occurs more often in the summer months, as do some types of disease …
Performance Analysis for LDPC-Coded Modulation in MIMO Multiple-Access Systems

We consider a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded modulation scheme in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multiple-access systems. The receiver can be regarded as a serially concatenated iterative detection and decoding scheme, where the LDPC decoders perform the role of outer decoder and the multiuser demapper does that of the inner decoder. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the scheme with simulation results and bounds. Union upper bounds are derived, which can be used as additional means to evaluate the performance of the MIMO multiple access system.
A multiobjective cost cumulant control problem: the Nash game solution

Recently cost cumulant control has been effectively applied to vibration control problems. Similarly so have multiobjective control paradigms. In this paper the cost cumulant control idea is used to solve the case when the system has some structured uncertainty, with two players, the control and disturbance, having their own performance indices. The development at first is done for a class of nonlinear systems, non-quadratic cost and then is later applied to the linear, quadratic special case. The two performance indices will be linear combinations of cumulants, in which one shall be for the control and the other will constrain the input-output relationship of the disturbance to a output. The control solution is then applied to the First Generation Benchmark for a 3-story building under seismic excitation. The results will be compared with those of several different controllers.
Ionospheric convection associated with discrete levels of particle precipitation

A precipitation index is described which quantifies the intensity and spatial extent of high-latitude particle precipitation based on observations made along individual satellite passes. By sorting plasma convection data according to this index, average patterns of the ionospheric convection electric field have been derived from a data set consisting of five years' observations by the Millstone Hill radar. Reference to the instantaneous precipitation index, and the average patterns keyed to it, provides a means of characterizing the global precipitation and convection patterns throughout an event.
“There Should Be No Beggars Among Christians”: Karlstadt, Luther, and the Origins of Protestant Poor Relief

Thesis forty-three of the Ninety-five Theses reads, “Christians are to be taught that he who gives to the poor or lends to the needy does a better deed than he who buys indulgences.” Following the historical convention of dating the Reformation from the Ninety-five Theses of 1517, we may argue that from its inception theology and social ethics were inseparable. One particular aspect of the Reformation impact on social change which has attracted attention and controversy from the sixteenth century to the present is welfare reform. While it would be overbold to claim that reform of poor relief was motivated by theology alone, radical theological change was certainly a major factor. Since righteousness coram Deo was thought to be by grace alone, it became difficult to rationalize the plight of the poor as a peculiar form of blessedness. Thus Luther excoriated the indulgence sellers who robbed the people of needed resources. What was implicit in the Ninety-five Theses became increasingly explicit in the months and years leading up to the publication on January 24, 1522 of the Wittenberg Order.
Applications of Cauchy’s Integral Formula

In this chapter, we return to the ideas of Theorem 7.3 of Chapter III, which we interrupted to discuss some topological considerations about winding numbers. We come back to analysis. We shall give various applications of the fact that the derivative of an analytic function can be expressed as an integral. This is completely different from real analysis, where the derivative of a real function often is less differentiable than the function itself. In complex analysis, one can exploit the phenomenon in various ways. For instance, in real analysis, a uniform limit of a sequence of differentiable functions may be only continuous. However, in complex analysis, we shall see that a uniform limit of analytic functions is analytic.
X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Mice Are Not Hypersensitive to Parathyroid Hormone*

One of the hypotheses attempting to explain the etiology of the human disease X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) posits renal hypersensitivity to parathyroid hormone (PTH). These studies were designed to test this hypothesis in vivo, using the hemizygous hypophosphatemic (Hyp/Y) mouse as an animal model for XLH. Vehicle or 1.0 U bovine PTH (bPTH)/g BW sc was given to intact normal or Hyp mice. Two hours later a small but significant hypercalcemia was observed in both genotypes. Only normal mice remained hypercalcemic 5 h after injection. Intact normal mice, but not Hyp mice, displayed a significant bPTH-induced hypophosphatemia. Administration of bPTH caused a significant increase in both fractional excretion of phosphate (FE-P) and urinary cAMP (UcAMP) 2 h after injection. However, there was no significant differences in the magnitude of response between genotypes. In a different experiment hPTH dose-response curves (0, 0.04, 0.2, and 1.0 U bPTH/g BW sc) were constructed in normal and Hyp mice 18 h after thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX). bPTH caused a significant hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia in TPTX normal mice at all doses 2 h after injection. But only the highest dose of hormone caused a significant hypercalcemia in TPTX Hyp mice, and no dose caused a significant decrease in plasma P. In both genotypes a dose-dependent increase in FE-P and UcAMP was observed 2 h after bPTH administration. As with intact mice, there was no indication of a hypersensitive or exaggerated renal response in TPTX Hyp mice. In summary, results from these in vivo experiments indicate that the kidneys of Hyp mice are not hypersensitive to exogenous bPTH. Furthermore, TPTX Hyp mice appeared to exhibit "skeletal resistance" to exogenous PTH, as do osteomalacic dogs and humans. We conclude that renal hypersensitivity to PTH does not play a role in the etiology of XLH in Hyp mice.
(2,2-Bipyrid­yl)bis­(η5-penta­methyl­cyclo­penta­dien­yl)strontium(II)

In the title compound, [Sr(C10H15)2(C10H8N2)], the Sr—N distances are 2.624 (3) and 2.676 (3) A, the Sr⋯Cp ring centroid distances are 2.571 and 2.561 A and the N—C—C—N torsion angle in the bipyridine ligand is −2.2 (4)°. Inter­estingly, the bipyridine ligand is tilted. The angle between the plane defined by the Sr atom and the two bipyridyl N atoms and the plane defined by the 12 atoms of the bipyridine ligand is 10.7 (1)°.
A Functional Model for Increasing Therapeutic Success and Cost Effectiveness in Substance Abuse Treatment Programs

In order to increase the therapeutic success and cost effectiveness of a substance abuse treatment network involving five different inpatient and two outpatient programs, a computer assisted evaluation model has been developed.
The Specification and Maturation of Nociceptive Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Nociceptive neurons play an essential role in pain sensation by transmitting painful stimuli to the central nervous system. However, investigations of nociceptive neuron biology have been hampered by the lack of accessibility of human nociceptive neurons. Here, we describe a system for efficiently guiding human embryonic stem cells into nociceptive neurons by first inducing these cells to the neural lineage. Subsequent addition of retinoic acid and BMP4 at specific time points and concentrations yielded a high population of neural crest progenitor cells (AP2α+, P75+), which further differentiated into nociceptive neurons (TRKA+, Nav1.7+, P2X3+). The overexpression of Neurogenin 1 (Neurog1) promoted the neurons to express genes related to sensory neurons (Peripherin, TrkA) and to further mature into TRPV1+ nociceptive neurons. Importantly, the overexpression of Neurog1 increased the response of these neurons to capsaicin stimulation, a hallmark of mature functional nociceptive neurons. Taken together, this study reveals the important role that Neurog1 plays in generating functional human nociceptive neurons.
Phenomenological theory of current-induced magnetization precession

We solve appropriate drift-diffusion and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations to demonstrate that unpolarized current flow from a nonmagnet into a ferromagnet can produce a precession-type instability of the magnetization. The fundamental origin of the instability is the difference in conductivity between majority spins and minority spins in the ferromagnet. This leads to spin accumulation and spin currents that carry angular momentum across the interface. The component of this angular momentum perpendicular to the magnetization drives precessional motion that is opposed by Gilbert damping. Neglecting magnetic anisotropy and magnetostatics, our approximate analytic and exact numerical solutions using realistic values for the material parameters show (for both semi-infinite and thin-film geometries) that a linear instability occurs when both the current density and the excitation wave vector parallel to the interface are neither too small nor too large. For many aspects of the problem, the variation of the magnetization in the direction of the current flows makes an important contribution.
An optimized immunoaffinity fluorescent method for natural product target elucidation

Understanding the mode of action of small molecules is an integral facet of drug discovery. We report an optimized immunoaffinity fluorescent method that allows one to conduct parallel studies at both the cellular and molecular level using a single probe construct. Viability of the method has been evaluated analytically and applied using glycyrrhetic acid as a model.
Abstract LB-257: c-Met: a new cancer stem cell marker and therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease which is usually diagnosed in an advanced state and for which there are little/no effective therapies. The growth of many cancers depends on a subpopulation of self-renewing cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC). We have previously identified such a CSC population in human pancreatic cancers which possess the cell surface marker phenotype CD44 + CD24 + ESA + . C-Met, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family and receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ligand, has been recently described as a marker of normal mouse pancreatic stem/progenitor cells. We hypothesized that c-Met may function as a cell surface marker and therapeutic target for human pancreatic CSCs. Studies were performed in low passage primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts (n = 3) established in NOD-SCID mice. Self-renewal capacity of c-Met high pancreatic cancer cells was assessed using in vitro sphere assays and in vivo tumorigenicity of c-Met high pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated by cell implantation in NOD/SCID mice. In vitro studies demonstrated that c-Met high cells formed spheres in non-adherent cultures, while c-Met − cells did not. Use of the c-Met inhibitor XL184 or c-Met knockdown with shRNA significantly inhibited tumor sphere formation. Pancreatic cancer cells expressing high c-Met had increased tumorigenic potential in vivo and cells expressing both CD44 and c-Met high , representing 0.5-5% of pancreatic cancer cells, demonstrated the highest tumorigenic potential of all populations studied to date. C-Met high CD44+ expressing pancreatic cancer cells demonstrated the capacity for self-renewal and production of differentiated progeny, properties that define CSCs. Further, c-Met inhibition of established primary human pancreatic tumors in NOD/SCID mice significantly inhibited tumor growth and depleted the pancreatic CSC population, when used alone or in combination with gemcitabine. Inhibition of c-Met also prevented the developmental of metastases using an intracardiac injection model. In this report, we define c-Met as a new marker for pancreatic CSC and define c-Met hi g h CD44 + cells as a highly tumorigenic pancreatic CSC population. Our data also indicate that targeting c-Met may be useful in eradicating a CSC population and inhibiting the development of metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-257.
EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME PRODUCTION AND CELL WALL DEGRADATION BY FRESHWATER LIGNICOLOUS FUNGI

Ten Ascomycetes, seven Fungi Imperfecti and one Oomycete known to occur on submerged wood were tested for their ability to produce amylase, xylanase, cellulases, lipase, polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, protease, chitinase, and polyphenol oxidases. Species were also tested for their ability to degrade lignosols, with and without wood sugars, and indulin, and to form soft-rot cavities on balsa, green ash, and cottonwood. With the exception of Pythium sp., species were generalists with respect to hydrolytic enzymes and could degrade a wide range of substrates. All species produced weak or negative reactions on media containing chitin and lignin derivatives. Although Nectria haematococca, N. lucidum and Heliscus lugdunensis produced strong to moderate positive reactions on xylan, carboxymethylcellulose and Walseth cellulose, they did not form soft-rot cavities. All other species except Pythium sp. produced typical soft-rot cavities.
Progress in the research of CVA16

Coxsackievirus A group 16 strain(CVA16)is one of the predominate causative agent of the hand,foot and mouth disease(HFHD).The virus that Attracted wide attention since 1948 when it has been isolated from the feces of polio children has caused several outbreaks or epidemics in the world Involving wide area and much population.The progress on the biological characteristics,molecular epidemiology,laboratory diagnosis of CA16 will be reviewed.
Quantifying Cellular Elasticity using Quantitative Phase Microscopy Measurements of Electromagnetically Actuated Magnetic Microsphere Indentation

Metastasis is responsible for 90% of cancer cell deaths, and mechanical properties of cancer cells are an important and emerging indicator of cancer cell metastatic potential. Therefore, screening the mechanical properties of cancer cells, alone and in response to chemotherapy, provides an important indicator of disease progression and drug effectiveness. There are many existing approaches to measuring cell mechanical properties, however the mechanical constraints of these systems cannot be readily combined with measurements of cell growth or death to quantify the full response of cancer cells to potential therapies. Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) is an established approach for determining the growth response of cancer cells to a variety of chemotherapies, from small-molecule inhibitors to adoptive immunotherapies, by quantifying the rate of increase or decrease in cell mass over time. In this work we describe a system based on QPM that quantifies cell mechanical properties using an Arudino microcontroller to control electromagnet-driven oscillation and indentation of magnetic nickel microspheres distributed on top of adherent cells in vitro. QPM measures cell mass as well as magnetic microsphere indentation and relaxation over time, and can therefore simultaneously quantify cell growth, stiffness, and viscosity. Electromagnet actuation allows for rapid modulation of the indentation force applied to cells for simultaneous, high-throughput measurements of mechanical responses at up to several hundred locations within each field of view. In combination with the ability of QPM to rapidly determine the effects of chemotherapeutics on cancer cell growth, this system will enable selection of treatments to better target both the growth and mechanical properties of cancer cells, in an effort to select and design optimal chemotherapeutic strategies to combat metastasis.
Matrix-Analytic Queueing Models

Successive inter-arrival times in the queueing systems considered in the previous chapters form a renewal process. However, in many practical situations, especially in production and manufacturing systems, the inter-arrival times between jobs may not form a renewal process. In this chapter, we present versatile Markovian point processes (VMPP) introduced by Neuts (1974) that enable us to model arrival processes that may not be renewal.
Balance sheet classification and the valuation of deferred taxes

Abstract The Financial Accounting Standards Board recently issued Accounting Standards Update 2015–17, which will require firms to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent in classified balance sheets instead of separating them into current and noncurrent amounts. This change is designed to simplify the reporting of deferred taxes and align with International Financial Reporting Standards. This study conducts empirical analyses on a broad cross-section of publicly traded U.S. firms in order to examine the stock market's valuation of current and noncurrent deferred tax assets and liabilities. The results suggest that classifying all deferred taxes as noncurrent may adversely affect the usefulness of financial statements for equity investors.
Designing discovery experience for big data interaction: a case of web-based knowledge mining and interactive visualization platform

The exponentially growing data in every aspect of human lives is offering both opportunities to gain unprecedented insights and challenges for designing efficient discovery experiences. To respond to the challenge of dealing with big data, our work is designing a web-based, knowledge mining and interactive visualization platform that allows users to interactively synthesize, mine, and visualize large-scale data. In this paper, we extend the classic information retrieval concept of information seeking to more general insight discovery behavior. Our approach is to focus on user's insight discovery workflow rather than data per se. User interviews were conducted to extract workflows and specific requirements to inform and direct design decisions.
Towards Effective Virtualization of Intrusion Detection Systems

Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSes) are generally implemented on vendor proprietary appliances or middleboxes, which usually lack a general programming interface, and their versatility and flexibility are also very poor. Emerging Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology can virtualize IDSes and elastically scale them to deal with attack traffic variations. However, existing NFV solutions treat a virtualized IDS as a monolithic piece of software, which could lead to inflexibility and significant waste of resources. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to virtualize IDSes as microservices where the virtualized IDSes can be customized on demand, and the underlying microservices could be shared and scaled independently. We also conduct experiments, which demonstrate that virtualizing IDSes as microservices can gain greater flexibility and resource efficiency.
Optical Channel Capacity

Given the fact that LDPC-coded turbo equalizer described in Chap. 7 is an excellent candidate to deal with both linear and nonlinear channel impairments, there naturally raises the question about fundamental limits on channel capacity. There have been numerous attempts to determine the channel capacity of a nonlinear fiber optics communication channel [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. The main approach, until recently, was to consider ASE noise as a predominant effect and to observe the fiber nonlinearities as the perturbation of linear case or as the multiplicative noise. In this chapter, which is based on a series of articles by authors [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], we describe how to determine the true fiber-optics channel capacity. Because in most of the practical applications the channel input distribution is uniform, we also describe how to determine the achievable information rates (AIRs) or uniform information capacity, which represent the lower bound on channel capacity [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. This method consists of two steps (1) approximating probability density functions (PDFs) for energy of pulses, which is done by (a) evaluation of histograms [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], (b) instanton approach [15], or (c) edgeworth expansion [21], and (2) estimating AIRs by applying a method originally proposed by Arnold and Pfitser [22, 23, 24]. In most of the publications that are related to the channel capacity, it was assumed that fiber-optics channel is memoryless [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13], while in reality the fiber-optics channel is the channel with memory [14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]. An interesting approach to reduce the fiber-optics channel memory, introduced recently [25, 26], is the backpropagation method. Namely, in point-to-point links, the receiver knows the dispersion map configuration and can propagate the received signal through the fictive dispersion map with fiber parameters [group velocity dispersion (GVD), second-order GVD, and nonlinearity coefficient] of opposite signs to that used in original map. However, the nonlinear interaction of ASE noise and Kerr nonlinearities cannot be compensated for and someone should use the method introduced in this chapter in information capacity calculation to account for this effect.
The Texas Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act: A Primer for Estate Planners

Prudent professionals must address digital assets in all estates they plan or administer. The 2017 Texas Legislature enacted the Texas Revised Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act as Chapter 2001 of the Estates Code which adds clarity to the steps you need to take when planning and administering estates. This article aims to provide the information you need to be well-informed about the cyberspace-estate planning interface.
SU(3) gauge theory of nuclear rotations

The legacy Bohr-Mottelson model of collective rotational modes has a hidden differential geometric structure that enables its natural generalization to a nuclear model that has the mathematical structure of Yang-Mills theory. The essential differential geometry ingredients for Yang-Mills are a base manifold, a gauge group, and a connection or covariant derivative. In this letter, the base manifold is the space of nuclear orientations and quadrupole-monopole deformations, the gauge group is either SO (3) or SU (3), and the covariant derivative determines a new gauge-invariant “magnetic-type” interaction. The high-lying energy states of the legacy irrotational flow model enter, as a direct result of gauge coupling, the domain of low-energy yrast rotational bands, as observed by experiment. Although the relevant SU (3) representation for a deformed nucleus is the same as the Elliott model, the non-Abelian SU (3) gauge group's physical interpretation is very different and concerns the Kelvin circulation.
Ir(COD)Cl]2/Tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite-Catalyzed Addition Reactions of Arylboronic Acids with Aldehydes.

Abstract [Ir(COD)Cl]2/tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite-catalyzed addition reactions of arylboronic acids with aldehydes were described. The Ir(I) catalyst, generated from [Ir(COD)Cl]2 and tris(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)phosphite, was an efficient catalyst system for the addition reactions of a variety of arylboronic acids with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The easy availability of the catalyst and good yields make these reactions potentially useful in organic synthesis.
Exercises in Number Theory. By D. P. Parent.

(1986). Exercises in Number Theory. By D. P. Parent. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 8, pp. 667-668.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Antepartum Women: A Pilot Study

Objective : Antenatal depression, a substantial risk factor for postpartum depression, occurs in 10% of pregnant women, but no clinical treatment trials of antenatal depression exist. In an effort to establish treatment guidelines for depression during pregnancy, the author reports on a treatment program using interpersonal psychotherapy for antepartum depression. Method: A 16-week open pilot trial was conducted with 13 pregnant women who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depression. Results: The women's mean depression ratings decreased significantly from week 0 to week 16 of the treatment program. Conclusions: Interpersonal psychotherapy for antepartum depression appears to be an effective alternative to pharmacotherapy in pregnancy. This study served as a pilot for an ongoing controlled clinical treatment trial.
Rural Families and Work Overview

This chapter frames the book about rural families and work. In the United States, in order to balance the needs of both family and employment, rural low-income parents need resources, health, social support, child care, and sometimes creative strategies. In this chapter, a brief overview is presented of rural economic conditions and the characteristics of rural low-income families. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, a.k.a. welfare reform, is described. The Rural Families Speak project (RFS) is introduced and demographics about the RFS employed participants and their families are presented. Finally, the organization of the book and the authors are highlighted.