cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of glucocorticoid receptors from lymphoid cell lines with their nuclear acceptor sites.

Abstract Procedures have been developed which provide simple means of determining binding constants of steroid receptors for glucocorticoids in mouse lymphoid cell lines and of characterizing the interaction of the steroid-receptor complex with the nucleus. An average of 70% of the steroid-receptor complexes is found associated with the nuclear fraction in three investigated cell lines, whereas 30% of the steroid-receptor complexes is found in the cytosol fraction. This distribution of the steroid-receptor complex within the cell is independent of whether steroid uptake of the cells is performed at low or at high steroid concentration. Part of the binding of the steroid receptor to the nuclear fraction is sensitive to high ionic strength and to high pH. A larger fraction of the steroid-receptor complex binding to the nuclear fraction is insensitive to high ionic strength and pH when the steroid uptake is performed at low steroid concentrations than when performed at high steroid concentrations. Steroid-receptor complex is released from the nuclear fraction by DNAase treatment but not by RNAase treatment. The possible correlation between the sensitivity to ionic strength and pH and the specificity of the binding is discussed.
Laryngeal complications after lipoinjection for vocal fold augmentation.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Vocal fold augmentation with autologous fat has been widely used for the last 15 years with varying success. Autologous fat is biocompatible, readily available, and easily harvested, making it a commonly used material for vocal fold augmentation. Although felt to be a relatively safe procedure, few studies have looked at the complication rate of lipoinjection for vocal fold augmentation. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods: Ninety-eight vocal fold injections were performed at one institution from 1997 to 2008. The charts were reviewed retrospectively, and age, diagnosis, side of procedure, concurrent procedures, length of follow-up, and complications during or subsequent to the injection were recorded in a database. Patients were excluded if data was inadequate to make a determination regarding complication during or after lipoinjection. Results: Eighty-eight patients met the criteria for review with an average age of 57.4 years. The most common indications for injection were vocal fold paresis, vocal fold scarring, and presbylaryngeus. Mean follow-up was 20.2 months with a range of 0 months to 126 months. Overall, four laryngeal complications occurred (4.5%), including three over-injections (3.4%) leading to poor voice quality and one granuloma formation (1.1%). The over-injections were managed using cordotomy with fat removal, resulting in vocal improvement in all cases. Conclusions: Although lipoinjection vocal fold augmentation is a safe procedure, over-injection of autologous fat is a risk. Lipoinjection for vocal fold augmentation can lead to over-injection with dysphonia in a small number of patients. The complications can be managed with lateral cordotomy and fat removal.
Calculation of the transport properties of aqueous species at pressures to 5 KB and temperatures to 1000°C

The limiting equivalent conductances at temperatures from 0° to 1000°C and pressures from 1 to 5000 bars of a large number of aqueous ions have been calculated from limiting equivalent conductances of electrolytes reported in the literature. The limiting equivalent conductances of individual ions typically increase by a factor of about 15 with increasing temperatures from 0° to 1000°C and decrease about 30 percent with increasing pressure from 1 to 5 kb. The equivalent conductance of H2O approximated by the sum of the limiting equivalent conductances of H+ and OH− is essentially independent of pressure, but increases from about 350 to a maximum of approximately 1800 S-cm2-equiv−1 in response to an increase in temperature from 0° to 500°C at 1kb. Stokes' law radii and Walden products generated from the computed limiting equivalent conductances of ions exhibit changes over the temperature and pressure range of interest by as much as 100 percent for all of the ions except H+ and OH−, which vary by an order of magnitude. Apparent solvation numbers calculated as a function of pressure and temperature from the Stokes' law radii using the volume and dielectric constant of H2O and Born coefficients of the individual ions approach infinity at the critical point of H2O. Residual friction coefficients as a general rule approach zero as temperatures increases to 1000°C. The excess limiting equivalent conductances of the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions computed from the differences between the limiting equivalent conductances of HCl and KCl, and NaOH and NaCl, respectively, increases with increasing pressure, and maximize at 250°C.
Cross-layer protocols optimized for real-time multimedia services in energy-constrained mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) supports self-organizing, mobile infrastructures and enables an autonomous network of mobile nodes that can operate without a wired backbone. Ad hoc networks are characterized by multihop, wireless connectivity via packet radios and by the need for efficient dynamic protocols. All routers are mobile and can establish connectivity with other nodes only when they are within transmission range. Importantly, ad hoc wireless nodes are resource-constrained, having limited processing, memory, and battery capacity. Delivery of high quality-ofservice (QoS), real-time multimedia services from Internet-based applications over a MANET is a challenge not yet achieved by proposed Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) ad hoc network protocols in terms of standard performance metrics such as end-to-end throughput, packet error rate, and delay. In the distributed operations of route discovery and maintenance, strong interaction occurs across MANET protocol layers, in particular, the physical, media access control (MAC), network, and application layers. The QoS requirements are specified for the service classes by the application layer. The cross-layer design must also satisfy the battery-limited energy constraints, by minimizing the distributed power consumption at the nodes and of selected routes. Interactions across the layers are modeled in terms of the set of concatenated design parameters including associated energy costs. Functional dependencies of the QoS metrics are described in terms of the concatenated control parameters. New cross-layer designs are sought that optimize layer interdependencies to achieve the “best” QoS available in an energy-constrained, time-varying network. The protocol design, based on a reactive MANET protocol, adapts the provisioned QoS to dynamic network conditions and residual energy capacities. The cross-layer optimization is based on stochastic dynamic programming conditions derived from time-dependent models of MANET packet flows. Regulation of network behavior is modeled by the optimal control of the conditional rates of multivariate point processes (MVPPs); these rates depend on the concatenated control parameters through a change of probability measure. The MVPP models capture behavior of many service applications, e.g., voice, video and the self-similar behavior of Internet data sessions. Performance verification of the cross-layer protocols, derived from the dynamic programming conditions, can be achieved by embedding the conditions in a reactive routing protocol for MANETs, in a simulation environment, such as the wireless extension of ns-2. A canonical MANET scenario consists of a distributed collection of battery-powered laptops or hand-held terminals, capable of hosting multimedia applications. Simulation details and performance tradeoffs, not presented, remain for a sequel to the paper.
LYSINOALANINE DETERMINATION IN PROTEINS USING HIGH-PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

The use of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the lysinoalanine (LAL) content in protein hydrolysates was investigated. The dansyl derivative of LAL was formed by reacting protein hydrolysates with dansyl chloride and HPLC was used to separate and quantify nanogram quantities of LAL. An excess level of dansyl chloride was necessary to form a consistent derivative peak for chromatographic analysis. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze the LAL derivative in a casein hydrolysate but a definitive spectrum was not obtained. The HPLC procedure for LAL was found to be less variable than a thin-layer chromatographic technique and has potential for use as a rapid method for the analysis of LAL in food proteins.
Law and the Undergraduate

More and more students are majoring in business in colleges and universities today and need access to legal materials. Undergraduate libraries are feeling pressure from these departments to build basic legal collections. This is an awesome responsibility because legal publications are very expensive to purchase initially and must be kept up‐to‐date. Since library literature provides little guidance for the librarian in this endeavor, I would like to pass on to others the knowledge I have gained by building a legal collection in an undergraduate library.
Multistage algorithm for detection of targets in SAR image data

A popular approach to SAR ATR is to use a hierarchical arrangement of stages, aimed at narrowing the field of interest and concentrating detection resources in those areas with the highest probability of containing a target. CFAR detectors have played a prominent role in such systems. So have morphological processing techniques, but to a lesser extent. The work reported in this paper follows the traditional hierarchical approach and employs CFAR and morphological principles. With the goal of improving detection accuracy and reducing the false alarm rate, we have explored and developed some new variations on the theme. The baseline CFAR and morphology algorithms have been significantly modified in proposed techniques to better match SAR target signatures. In addition, the modified algorithms have the ability to locate targets in a fast and efficient manner, allowing for the possibility of real-time implementation. Experimental evaluations indicate that both approaches perform well, with further performance gains noted when the algorithms are merged. The advantages and drawbacks of each algorithm are presented and experimental results are shown for a variety of test cases.
STUDIES ON THE RELATION BETWEEN TUMOR SUSCEPTIBILITY AND HEREDITY : IV. THE INHERITANCE OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TAR-INDUCED TUMORS IN THE LUNGS OF MICE.

Evidence has previously been submitted in favor of the theory that susceptibility to spontaneous tumors of various types is inherited. The question arose whether susceptibility to tumors induced by tar could be shown to be hereditary by experimenting with the same strains of mice which had already been shown to differ significantly in respect to their spontaneous tumor rates. Two strains of mice were selected for observation. One strain, the Bagg albinos, has a low rate of mammary gland tumors but a higher rate of spontaneous lung tumors. The other strain, No. 1194, agouti, has a higher rate of mammary gland tumors but a lower rate of tumors of the lung. A previous test showed no difference in the percentages of skin tumors which arose after tar painting. It has already been shown that the difference in the lung tumor rates is mathematically significant. When the two stocks are treated with tar by applying the irritant, not in the same spot, but on different areas successively, the percentage of lung tumors is increased in each stock, Text-fig. 11. The rate of the Bagg albinos increased from 37.04 to 85 per cent, that of Strain 1194 from 6.73 to 22 per cent. But a difference between them is still maintained, and this difference also is significant mathematically. When the two strains are crossed and the offspring subjected to the tar treatment, the latter give a high percentage of lung tumors—79 per cent in 28 individuals—about the same as the parental high tumor strain. When the F1 sons are backcrossed to the original See PDF for Structure stocks, the cross to the high tumor strain maintains the high tumor rate, 81 per cent in 37 mice, while in the cross to the low tumor strain the percentage drops to 39 per cent in 38 mice. This result indicates that susceptibility to tar-induced tumors in the lung is hereditary. The number of factors concerned has not yet been ascertained. Possibly one or more of them is dominant. In general, the conception that susceptibility to pulmonary tumors is hereditary seems to be upheld by the fact that the two strains of mice described differ conspicuously in respect to spontaneous tumor rates under ordinary laboratory conditions; the strains differ also under experimental conditions, as described in this report; and when crossed, their offspring by suitable backcrosses, will again show significant differences.
Knowledge acquisition and information searching strategies in diagnostic decision making.

Abstract The effect of there learning procedures on diagnostic information searching strategies was investigated. Undergraduate students acquired an artificial knowledge domain through either a Taxonomic-, Inductive-, or Case-oriented knowledge acquisition procedure. The use of the competing-hypotheses heuristic as a practical strategy to guide decision making in the face of uncertainty, was compared among the three learning conditions and between each condition and a non-learning control group using the method developed by Kern and Doherty (1982) and Wolf et al. (1985). The small instruction intervention had an effect on the diagnostic nature of subjects' information-searching strategies. Subjects in the Inductive-learning condition exhibited a stronger tendency to seek diagnostically worthless information than the other learning conditions. The outcomes are considered relevant to the nature of expertise in decision making, and to the effect of instruction methodologies on the knowledge representations available to diagnostic classification and decision-making processes.
Delivery of nanogram payloads using magnetic porous silicon microcarriers

A transport and delivery system for nanogram quantities of molecular species that does not use microfluidic channels, pumps, or valves is described. Microparticles consisting of magnetic porous silicon are prepared, and loading and delivery of an enzymatic payload are demonstrated. The high porosity (60%) porous Si host particles are made magnetic by infusion of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (30 nm-diameter magnetite, Fe3O4) under oxidative conditions. After magnetite incorporation, the porous microparticle is still empty enough to accommodate nanogram quantities of a molecular payload; the enzymes horseradish peroxidase or pronase E are used in the present work. The assembly can be transported to a microliter water droplet containing the enzyme substrate with the aid of an external magnetic field. The enzyme is released into the droplet upon contact. The particles can be transported through air or a hydrocarbon liquid without loss in enzymatic activity of the payload.
Enhanced ductile behavior of tensile-elongated individual double-walled and triple-walled carbon nanotubes at high temperatures.

We report exceptional ductile behavior in individual double-walled and triple-walled carbon nanotubes at temperatures above $2000\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, with tensile elongation of 190% and diameter reduction of 90%, during in situ tensile-loading experiments conducted inside a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. Concurrent atomic-scale microstructure observations reveal that the superelongation is attributed to a high temperature creep deformation mechanism mediated by atom or vacancy diffusion, dislocation climb, and kink motion at high temperatures. The superelongation in double-walled and triple-walled carbon nanotubes, the creep deformation mechanism, and dislocation climb in carbon nanotubes are reported here for the first time.
Size-Mediated Tradeoffs in Life-History Traits in Dusky Salamanders

Among salamanders of the genus Desmognathus, the larger species tend to be more aquatic and the smaller more terrestrial. I studied life histories in assemblages of Desmognathus in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina at sites in the Cowee and southern Nantahala Mountains. Traits evaluated included mortality/survival, age at first reproduction, fecundity, and body size. The first three are direct fitness traits that enter into the characteristic equation, x = αΣ∞lxmxe−rx = 1.0. One assemblage (Wolf Creek), in the Cowee Mountains, comprises three species, from larger to smaller, D. quadramaculatus, D. monticola, and D. ocoee. A second assemblage (Coweeta Creek), in the Nantahala Mountains, also includes D. quadramaculatus, D. monticola, and D. ocoee, as well as the smaller D. aeneus and D. wrighti. I also studied three species only (D. ocoee, D. aeneus, D. wrighti) in an assemblage of six species (Nantahala River) in the Nantahala Mountains just west of Coweeta Creek. In these assemblages,...
Hsp110 Cooperates with Different Cytosolic HSP70 Systems in a Pathway for de Novo Folding

Molecular chaperones such as Hsp70 use ATP binding and hydrolysis to prevent aggregation and ensure the efficient folding of newly translated and stress-denatured polypeptides. Eukaryotic cells contain several cytosolic Hsp70 subfamilies. In yeast, these include the Hsp70s SSB and SSA as well as the Hsp110-like Sse1/2p. The cellular functions and interplay between these different Hsp70 systems remain ill-defined. Here we show that the different cytosolic Hsp70 systems functionally interact with Hsp110 to form a chaperone network that interacts with newly translated polypeptides during their biogenesis. Both SSB and SSA Hsp70s form stable complexes with the Hsp110 Sse1p. Pulse-chase analysis indicates that these Hsp70/Hsp110 teams, SSB/SSE and SSA/SSE, transiently associate with newly synthesized polypeptides with different kinetics. SSB Hsp70s bind cotranslationally to a large fraction of nascent chains, suggesting an early role in the stabilization of nascent chains. SSA Hsp70s bind mostly post-translationally to a more restricted subset of newly translated polypeptides, suggesting a downstream function in the folding pathway. Notably, loss of SSB dramatically enhances the cotranslational association of SSA with nascent chains, suggesting SSA can partially fulfill an SSB-like function. On the other hand, the absence of SSE1 enhances polypeptide binding to both SSB and SSA and impairs cell growth. It, thus, appears that Hsp110 is an important regulator of Hsp70-substrate interactions. Based on our data, we propose that Hsp110 cooperates with the SSB and SSA Hsp70 subfamilies, which act sequentially during de novo folding.
Structure-Activity Relationship for Thiirane-Based Gelatinase Inhibitors

An extensive structure–activity relationship study with the template of 2-(4-phenoxyphenylsulfonylmethyl)thiirane (1), a potent and highly selective inhibitor for human gelatinases, is reported herein. Syntheses of 65 new analogues, each in multistep processes, allowed for exploration of key structural components of the molecular template. This study reveals that the presence of the sulfonylmethylthiirane and the phenoxyphenyl group were important for gelatinase inhibition. However, para- and some meta-substitutions of the terminal phenyl ring enhanced inhibitory activity and led to improve metabolic stability. This agrees with the result from metabolism studies with compound 1 that the primary route of biotransformation is oxidation, mainly at the para position of the phenyl ring and the α position of the sulfonyl group in the aliphatic side chain.
Adaptive, Model-Based Monitoring for Cyber Attack Detection

Inference methods for detecting attacks on information resources typically use signature analysis or statistical anomaly detection methods. The former have the advantage of attack specificity, but may not be able to generalize. The latter detect attacks probabilistically, allowing for generalization potential. However, they lack attack models and can potentially "learn" to consider an attack normal. Herein, we present a high-performance, adaptive, model-based technique for attack detection, using Bayes net technology to analyze bursts of traffic. Attack classes are embodied as model hypotheses, which are adaptively reinforced. This approach has the attractive features of both signature based and statistical techniques: model specificity, adaptability, and generalization potential. Our initial prototype sensor examines TCP headers and communicates in IDIP, delivering a complementary inference technique to an IDS sensor suite. The inference technique is itself suitable for sensor correlation.
QTL analysis of pest resistance in the wild tomato Lycopersicon pennellii: QTLs controlling acylsugar level and composition

Some accessions of Lycopersicon pennellii, a wild relative of the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum, are resistant to a number of important pests of cultivated tomato due to the accumulation of acylsugars, which constitute 90% of the exudate of type-IV trichomes in L. pennellii LA716. An interspecific F2 population, created by the cross L. esculentum x L. pennellii LA 716, was surveyed for acylsugar accumulation and subjected to RFLP/QTL analysis to determine the genomic regions associated with the accumulation of acylglucoses, acylsucroses, and total acylsugars, as well as with acylglucoses as a percentage of total acylsugars (mole percent acylglucoses). Data were analyzed using MAPMAKER/QTL with and without a log10 transformation. A threshold value of 2.4 (default value for MAPMAKER/QTL) was used, as well as 95% empirically derived threshold values. Five genomic regions, two on chromosome 2 and one each on chromosomes 3, 4 and 11, were detected as being associated with one or more aspects of acylsugar production. The L. esculentum allele is partially dominant to the L. pennellii allele in the regions on chromosomes 2 and 11, but the L. pennellii allele is dominant in the region on chromosome 3. Throughout this study, we report the comparative effects of analytical methodology on the identification of acylsugar QTLs. Similarities between our results and published results for the genus Solanum are also discussed.
Surgical Correction of Midfoot Arthritis With and Without Deformity

The goals of midfoot reconstruction are to create a painless, functional, and plantigrade foot, which are generally accomplished with arthrodesis and realignment as indicated. The latter requires not only the correction of midfoot deformity when present, but also coexisting hindfoot and forefoot deformities. Once the initial decisions have been made regarding the need for realignment and which joints to include in the arthrodesis, the surgical plan needs to account for the approach, arthrodesis preparation, order of fixation, and choice of fixation.
Production of recombinant proteins in microalgae at pilot greenhouse scale

Recombinant protein production in microalgae chloroplasts can provide correctly folded proteins in significant quantities and potentially inexpensive costs compared to other heterologous protein production platforms. The best results have been achieved by using the psbA promoter and 5′ untranslated region (UTR) to drive the expression of heterologous genes in a psbA-deficient, non-photosynthetic, algal host. Unfortunately, using such a strategy makes the system unviable for large scale cultivation using natural sunlight for photosynthetic growth. In this study we characterized eight different combinations of 5′ regulatory regions and psbA coding sequences for their ability to restore photosynthesis in a psbA-deficient Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, while maintaining robust accumulation of a commercially viable recombinant protein driven by the psbA promoter/5′UTR. The recombinant protein corresponded to bovine Milk Amyloid A (MAA), which is present in milk colostrum and could be used to prevent infectious diarrhea in mammals. This approach allowed us to identify photosynthetic strains that achieved constitutive production of MAA when grown photosynthetically in 100 L bags in a greenhouse. Under these conditions, the maximum MAA expression achieved was 1.86% of total protein, which corresponded to 3.28 mg/L of culture medium. Within our knowledge, this is the first report of a recombinant protein being produced this way in microalgae. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 339–345. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An N-node myelinated axon model: A system identification approach

A method for modeling and simulating neural action potential (AP) propagation along the length of an axon containing a number of Ranvier nodes is proposed in this paper. A system identification approach is employed to identify a transfer function of the classical Hodgkin-Huxley equations for membrane voltage potential (1952). The identified transfer function model is applied to a site-of-stimulus introduction, of which cascading segments of internodal regions and nodal regions represent the remaining downstream axon. This cascading network is used to simulate "cable" properties and signal propagation along the length of the axon. This work proposes possible solutions to attenuation losses inherited in the classical myelinated cable models and accounts for neuronal AP velocity of propagation.
Chlorine-36 investigations of groundwater infiltration in the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Chlorine-36, including the natural cosmogenic component and the component produced during atmospheric nuclear testing in the 1950`s and 1960`s (bomb pulse), is being used as an isotopic tracer for groundwater infiltration studies at Yucca Mountain, a potential nuclear waste repository. Rock samples have been collected systematically in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF), and samples were also collected from fractures, faults, and breccia zones. Isotopic ratios indicative of bomb-pulse components in the water ({sup 36}Cl/Cl values > 1,250 x 10{sup {minus}15}), signifying less than 40-yr travel times from the surface, have been detected at a few locations within the Topopah Spring Tuff, the candidate host rock for the repository. The specific features associated with the high {sup 36}Cl/Cl values are predominantly cooling joints and syngenetic breccias, but most of the sites are in the general vicinity of faults. The non-bomb pulse samples have {sup 36}Cl/Cl values interpreted to indicate groundwater travel times of at least a few thousand to possibly several hundred thousand years. Preliminary numerical solute-travel experiments using the FEHM (Finite Element Heat and Mass transfer) code demonstrate consistency between these interpreted ages and the observed {sup 36}Cl/Cl values but do not validate the interpretations.
A comparison of tools for building GOMS models

We compare three tools for creating GOMS models, QGOMS [2), CATHCI (17) and GLEAN3 [12], along several dimensions. We examine the representation and available constructs in each tool, the qualitative and quantitative design information provided, the support for building cognitively plausible models, and pragmatics about using each tool (e.g., how easy it is to modify a model). While each tool has its strengths, they all leave something to be desired as a practical UI design tool.
Microvessels Promote Motor Nerve Survival and Regeneration Through Local VEGF Release Following Ectopic Reattachment

Objectives: Nerves and blood vessels form a close association during embryogenesis. Growth and guidance factors initially attributed to either nerves or vessels are now known to affect both tissues; prominent among these is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The authors investigated whether axons would associate with blood vessels in a regenerating system and questioned whether VEGF is integral to neurotization following axotomy.Methods: In hamsters 8–12 weeks of age, the accessory nerve (CN XI) to the retractor muscle of the cheek pouch was cut and the proximal stump was reattached ectopically onto the muscle. Vascular casting and immunolabeling were used to quantify the extent of neurovascular association during regeneration. A role for VEGF was investigated using immunolocalization of VEGF and its receptor (sVEGFR2) as well as local sequestration of VEGF with soluble receptor (sVEGFR1).Results: Regenerating axons aligned with microvessels of the vasa nervorum along a “chaperone” region during o...
The molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration.

BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration remains a clinically important condition for which treatment is costly and relatively ineffective. The molecular basis of degenerative disc disease has been an intense focus of research recently, which has greatly increased our understanding of the biology underlying this process. PURPOSE: To review the current understanding of the molecular basis of disc degeneration. STUDY DESIGN: Review article. METHODS: A literature review was performed to identify recent investigations and current knowledge regarding the molecular basis of IVD degeneration. RESULTS: The unique structural requirements and biochemical properties of the disc contribute to its propensity toward degeneration. Mounting evidence suggests that genetic factors account for up to 75% of individual susceptibility to IVD degeneration, far more than the environmental factors such as occupational exposure or smoking that were previously suspected to figure prominently in this process. Decreased extracellular matrix production, increased production of degradative enzymes, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines contribute to the loss of structural integrity and accelerate IVD degeneration. Neurovascular ingrowth occurs, in part, because of the changing degenerative phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed understanding of the biology of IVD degeneration is essential to the design of therapeutic solutions to treat degenerative discs. Although significant advances have been made in explaining the biologic mediators of disc degeneration, the inhospitable biochemical environment of the IVD remains a challenging environment for biological therapies. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Applying Hopfield network to find the minimum cost coverage of a Boolean function

To find a minimal expression of a Boolean function includes a step to select the minimum cost cover from a set of implicants. Since the selection process is an NP-complete problem, to find an optimal solution is impractical for large input data size. In this paper, the author tries to apply neural network approach to solve this problem. He first formulates this problem and then defines an 'energy function' and maps it to a modified Hopfield network, which will automatically search for minima. >
“I'm Not Going to Leave Her High and Dry”: Young Adult Support to Parents during the Transition to Adulthood

The transition to adulthood is a critical time in the life course, and the role of parental support during the transition has been one of the most prominent discussions in this literature. Yet whil...
Kinematic manipulability of general constrained rigid multibody systems

This paper extends the kinematic manipulability concept commonly used for serial manipulators to general constrained rigid multibody systems. Examples of such systems include multiple cooperating manipulators, multiple fingers holding a payload, multileg walking robots, and variable geometry trusses. Explicit formulas for velocity and force manipulability ellipsoids are derived and their duality explained. Singularities are classified into two types: 1) unmanipulable singularity; 2) unstable singularity. The former is similar the singularities in serial chains where velocity manipulability ellipsoid is degenerate and force manipulability ellipsoid infinite. The latter is unique to parallel mechanisms, the velocity manipulability ellipsoid becomes infinite and force manipulability degenerate. In the case of multifinger grasp, these concepts correspond to unmanipulable or unstable grasps.
GPU-accelerated scalable solver for banded linear systems

Solving a banded linear system efficiently is important to many scientific and engineering applications. Current solvers achieve good scalability only on the linear systems that can be partitioned into independent subsystems. In this paper, we present a GPU based, scalable Bi-Conjugate Gradient Stabilized solver that can be used to solve a wide range of banded linear systems. We utilize a row-oriented matrix decomposition method to divide the banded linear system into several correlated sub-linear systems and solve them on multiple GPUs collaboratively. We design a number of GPU and MPI optimizations to speedup inter-GPU and inter-machine communications. We evaluate the solver on Poisson equation and advection diffusion equation as well as several other banded linear systems. The solver achieves a speedup of more than 21 times running from 6 to 192 GPUs on the XSEDE's Keeneland supercomputer and because of small communication overhead, can scale upto 32 GPUs on Amazon EC2 with relatively slow ethernet network.
MANAGEMENT OF COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASES IN CHILDHOOD

The group of disorders commonly referred to as collagen vascular diseases includes a number of conditions that can affect almost all organs of the body. Although most of these diseases are much more common in adults, they are seen in children and are associated with significant morbidity. Involvement of the skin and its connective tissues is a prominent feature of all of these conditions. This article will focus on new advancements in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), discoid and neonatal lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), and Sjogren's syndrome.
Development of the ibm.com interactive solution marketplace (ISM): A systems engineering case study

IBM's ibm.com business unit contracted with IBM Global Services (IGS), another business unit of IBM to develop their Interactive Solution Marketplace (ISM) application. ISM is a single point of entry on the ibm.com website for browsing and searching for a suite of solutions as opposed to individual software and hardware items. The first release of ISM experienced schedule and release content challenges. Development of the second release of ISM (ISM 2.0) became one of the first projects where IBM Global Services implemented their formal Systems Engineering and Architecture (SEA below projected cost, and it constituted the functionality and features expected and desired by stakeholders. Consensus on core stakeholder requirements was achieved early during project development, and the technical reviews allowed the team to identify and resolve key issues before proceeding into subsequent phases. This discipline, along with the expenditure of resources to develop quality requirements, greatly reduced project rework. As such, only one-tenth of anticipated defects were actually found and reported during testing. The quality of the deployed application was further validated by the minimal number of post-launch defects reported. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 8: 78–92, 2005
MR data acquisition and reconstruction using efficient sampling schemes

Fast Fourier algorithms are presented for image reconstruction from nonrectangularly sampled data. Since standard display devices require image matrices with rectangular pixels, these algorithms accept nonrectangularly sampled input and calculate output points on a rectangular array. Images are reconstructed with no loss of resolution on a 256*256 square pixel format from 224*256 hexagonally sampled raw data points with no interpolation. The images demonstrate aliasing in a hexagonal pattern around the primary image. This technique can be used to reduce scan time, data throughput, and data-storage requirements while maintaining resolution or to improve resolution while maintaining scan time. >
Sequence Architecture of the Bighorn Dolomite, Wyoming, USA: Transition to the Late Ordovician Icehouse

Abstract Although major Late Ordovician glaciation was confined to the terminal Ordovician Hirnantian Stage, lasting less than 2 million years, recent isotopic evidence suggests a prolonged interval of slow growth in polar ice caps. Tropical carbonate platforms from passive margins and epicontinental seas offer the opportunity to monitor changes in eustatic sea-level changes that accompanied this transition from a greenhouse towards an icehouse climate. The Late Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite of northern Wyoming and adjacent states preserves such a transition. The Bighorn Dolomite was deposited on a northeastward-facing, subequatorial platform, and it consists of three third-order depositional sequences. Each is bounded by a regional erosional surface, commonly with erosional truncation visible at outcrop scale and commonly mantled by a distinctive brecciated horizon. The Bighorn Dolomite is dominated by highly bioturbated and fossiliferous open marine shallow subtidal facies, but portions also contain dolomitic bioturbated restricted marine shallow subtidal and laminated peritidal facies, as well as thin-bedded argillaceous and fossiliferous deep subtidal limestone. The three depositional sequences preserve a transition in their internal cyclicity that is consistent with computer modeling of the stratigraphic signal of increasing period and amplitude of eustatic sea-level changes. The lowermost sequence, which spans the Lander and Steamboat Point members, consists of homogeneous, acyclic, shallow subtidal facies, with a few meter-scale peritidal parasequences near its top. The middle sequence, which corresponds to the Leigh Member, contains acyclic to weakly cyclic restricted shallow subtidal and peritidal facies. The uppermost sequence, consisting of the Horseshoe Mountain Member, is dominated by five decameter-scale parasequences composed of open marine shallow subtidal, restricted shallow subtidal, and peritidal facies. Overall, the Bighorn Dolomite is interpreted to represent deposition during a shift from low-amplitude (a few meters), short-period (~ 20 kyr) cyclicity to moderate-amplitude (~ 10 m), long-period (100 kyr) cyclicity indicating a shift from greenhouse conditions towards icehouse conditions, a shift that agrees with recent isotopic evidence for changing Late Ordovician climate.
N-waves in elasticity

We study the large time behavior of solutions of the one-dimensional equations of elasticity, typically a nonconvex system of conservation laws. We show that solutions with compact initial support converge in L1 to a superposition of N-waves, at algebraic rate. Likewise, we show that the perturbation expansion of weakly nonlinear geometric optics is uniformly valid to second order. Our analysis uses approximate scalar laws, together with L1 stability of scalar solutions and decay in total variation of the wave speed.
Adapting Asynchronous Communication To Meet the Seven Principles of Effective Teaching

Two potentially conflicting forces are currently impacting higher education. On the one hand, there is the relentless advancement of educational technology as a means of delivering, enhancing, and otherwise becoming an integral part of the teaching-learning process. On the other, there is continuing concern over the economy and quality of education being provided to college students. We propose that asynchronous communication through the use of e-mail, course Web pages, and the Internet can be adapted in such a way as to not only meet the seven principles of effective teaching but to enhance student outcomes. Without sensitive adaptation, however, such computer technology can actually detract from the educational process. Research findings and the resulting strategies for successful implementation of asynchronous communication in the classroom will be provided.
The Supreme Court on Federal Taxation, 1939-40

There is some analogy between the Supreme Court and a law school. Each offers annual courses in the more important fields of law. In each case, the curriculum remains measurably constant, but successive instructors teach their courses differently. It is even possible that what was good law in the taxation course in 1935 is no longer good law in the taxation course in 1940. But there are important differences between the court, the law school, and their respective students. Whereas the student who takes the 1940 taxation course is examined only on the 1940 course, the lawyer must be able to pass an examination on the 1935 and the 1920 and even the 1894 course as well. Moreover, the court, unlike the law school, does not give complete courses in any subject in any one year. The lawyer must somehow fill in the blanks in the 1940 course with excerpts from all the prior courses. Worse yet, he must make the attempt to determine how the present court would modify its pronouncements of prior years, should it ever decide to discuss the subject again. None of this makes for certainty in the law, but it does stimulate intellectual agility on the part of lawyers, particularly tax lawyers, whose subject happens to be by all odds the chief matter of concern of the court at the present time. On this occasion, at least, we are entitled ourselves to review the work of the highest court of review; to consider whether the recent contributions of the court to our subject have advanced the science, and made it more intelligible, or have led us into blind alleys from which Congress or the court must some day extricate us. I do not understand that I have been asked to give you a com plete and balanced course on taxation on this occasion, nor even one on federal taxation. I am only to discuss the two dozen cases on federal taxation which the Supreme Court decided during the last term. Such unity and coherence as the paper possesses comes only from the fact that all these decisions proceeded from a single tribunal; the subject-matter is very diverse, and inadequate to the formulation of a complete philosophy on any of the topics consid ered. Moreover, the discussion, because of time and space limita tions, can be only a prelude to a later more exhaustive analyses
Therapist- and Client-Level Predictors of Use of Therapy Techniques During Implementation in a Large Public Mental Health System

Objective:Many youths receiving community mental health treatment do not receive evidence-based interventions. Research suggests that community mental health therapists use a broad range of therapeutic techniques at low intensities. This study examined the relationship between therapist- and client-level predictors of community-based therapists’ report of cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, and family techniques within the context of implementation efforts.Methods:A total of 130 therapists participated from 23 organizations in an urban, publicly funded behavioral health system implementing evidence-based practices. Therapist-level predictors included age, gender, clinical experience, licensure status, and participation in evidence-based practice initiatives. Child-level predictors included therapist-reported child primary disorder (externalizing, internalizing, or other) and child age. Therapists completed the Therapist Procedures Checklist–Family Revised, a self-report measure of therapeutic techniques...
An observer principle for general relativity

We give a mathematical uniqueness theorem which in particular shows that symmetric tensors in general relativity are uniquely determined by their monomial functions on the light cone. Thus, for an observer to observe a tensor at an event in general relativity is to contract with the velocity vector of the observer, repeatedly to the rank of the tensor. Thus two symmetric tensors observed to be equal by all observers at a specific event are necessarily equal at that event.
Electrical, Optical and Structural Properties of Thin SiO2 Films On Si

Breakdown voltage, static current-voltage, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), electrolyte electroreflectance (EER) and high resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) studies of thermally grown thin films of SiO 2 on silicon (800°C - dry) are reported here. The investigation of the electrical properties of these films lead us to suggest the criteria for determining the breakdown voltage of these 20nm thick SiO 2 films. The Fowler-Nordheim tunneling contribution to current conduction mechanisms in SiO 2 has been considered in evaluating these criteria. SE, EER & HRTEM studies have been performed on SiO 2 films of thicknesses in the range of 1–20 nm. These studies lead us to determine the thickness of the non-stoichiometric silicon-rich oxide existing at the Si-SiO 2 interface. EER studies show that the relative surface state densities for different film thicknesses can be determined. The role of the transition region in determining the dielectric strength of thin SiO 2 films is discussed.
The holomorph connection of Aecidium plucheae and Puccinia angustatoides

The previously unknown aecial state of Puccinia angustatoides from Rhynchospora corniculata was demonstrated to be Aecidium plucheae from Plu- chea odorata var. succulenta.
Static, quasi-static, and dynamic variational approaches in electromagnetism

We discuss variational approaches in the static, quasi-static, and dynamic problems of electromagnetism. On the basis of postulated principles we derive the objects necessary for consistent formulation of forces and generalized chemical potentials. We emphasize the key importance of various divergence-free tensors, generalizing the Maxwell stress tensor and energy-momentum tensors.
SufE D74R Substitution Alters Active Site Loop Dynamics To Further Enhance SufE Interaction with the SufS Cysteine Desulfurase

Many essential metalloproteins require iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster cofactors for their function. In vivo persulfide formation from l-cysteine is a key step in the biogenesis of Fe–S clusters in most organisms. In Escherichia coli, the SufS cysteine desulfurase mobilizes persulfide from l-cysteine via a PLP-dependent ping-pong reaction. SufS requires the SufE partner protein to transfer the persulfide to the SufB Fe–S cluster scaffold. Without SufE, the SufS enzyme fails to efficiently turn over and remains locked in the persulfide-bound state. Coordinated protein–protein interactions mediate sulfur transfer from SufS to SufE. Multiple studies have suggested that SufE must undergo a conformational change to extend its active site Cys loop during sulfur transfer from SufS. To test this putative model, we mutated SufE Asp74 to Arg (D74R) to increase the dynamics of the SufE Cys51 loop. Amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) analysis of SufE D74R revealed an increase in solvent accessibil...
The Roots of Ethnic Cleansing in Europe

Using a new approach to ethnicity that underscores its relative territoriality, H. Zeynep Bulutgil brings together previously separate arguments that focus on domestic and international factors to offer a coherent theory of what causes ethnic cleansing. The author argues that domestic obstacles based on non-ethnic cleavages usually prevent ethnic cleansing whereas territorial conflict triggers this policy by undermining such obstacles. The empirical analysis combines statistical evaluation based on original data with comprehensive studies of historical cases in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as Bosnia, in the 1990s. The findings demonstrate how socio-economic cleavages curb radical factions within dominant groups whereas territorial wars strengthen these factions and pave the way for ethnic cleansing. The author further explores the theoretical and empirical extensions in the context of Africa. Its theoretical novelty and broad empirical scope make this book highly valuable to scholars of comparative and international politics alike.