cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing a Conversion Process Model Based on the Differences between the Theologies of the Four Gospels

The gospels of the New Testament provide a rich portrayal of the life, ministry, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophesy as establishing a new covenant between God and man. One may question the specific need to reiterate the same story through four consecutive books. The purpose of this research is to provide insight on the differences between the gospels and present a conceptual framework on how this information of the various theological perspectives presented in the four Gospels can be used as an additional tool to facilitate the proclaiming of the Gospel for the 21st century.
Diffraction data analysis in the presence of radiation damage

In macromolecular crystallography, the acquisition of a complete set of diffraction intensities typically involves a high cumulative dose of X-ray radiation. In the process of data acquisition, the irradiated crystal lattice undergoes a broad range of chemical and physical changes. These result in the gradual decay of diffraction intensities, accompanied by changes in the macroscopic organization of crystal lattice order and by localized changes in electron density that, owing to complex radiation chemistry, are specific for a particular macromolecule. The decay of diffraction intensities is a well defined physical process that is fully correctable during scaling and merging analysis and therefore, while limiting the amount of diffraction, it has no other impact on phasing procedures. Specific chemical changes, which are variable even between different crystal forms of the same macromolecule, are more difficult to predict, describe and correct in data. Appearing during the process of data collection, they result in gradual changes in structure factors and therefore have profound consequences in phasing procedures. Examples of various combinations of radiation-induced changes are presented and various considerations pertinent to the determination of the best strategies for handling diffraction data analysis in representative situations are discussed.
Work in progress - assessing the un-assessable

ABET requires direct assessment of student outcomes. For some outcomes this can be relatively simple; for others it can be a significant challenge. The authors have been developing and implementing direct assessment instruments for several of the ldquoun-assessablerdquo outcomes. This includes outcomes related to life-long learning, adapting to a continuously changing work environment, and teaming. The instruments address various competencies related to each outcome at different levels according to Bloompsilas taxonomy, and include instruments from non-engineering courses. Preliminary results show that the instruments produce assessment results that are consistent with ad-hoc faculty observation and appear to be reliable indicators of achievement of the outcomes.
Hawks, Doves, and Birds in the Bush: A Response to Keith Otterbein, Neil Whitehead, and Leslie Sponsel

Although my father wrote The Holy Scriptures (Dentan 1949), I must decline Professor Otterbein's puckish offer, in one of his review articles on studies of warfare (2000b: 843n), to crown me "Prince of Peace." My studies focus not only on peace but also on violence (e.g., 1995, 1999a, 1999b, 2000a, 2000b), as well as a wide variety of other topics. I am an ethnographer rather than a theorist, to the degree that distinction has any force. My association with peace studies grows out of a fortuitous connection with Senoi Semai, a people who may be the least violent for whom there is much documentation (Sponsel 2000:838-839). In fact, I often rely on Professor Otterbein's five-foot shelf of publications (notably 1992, 1994, 2000a) and have even collaborated with him on an obscure review of
Sleep-potentiated epileptiform activity in early thalamic injuries: Study in a large series (60 cases).

Summary Objective The study aims at a better definition of continuous spike–waves during sleep (CSWS) with an early thalamic lesion, focusing on various grades of sleep-potentiated epileptiform activity (SPEA). Their possible relationship with different clinical features was studied to try to define prognostic factors of the epileptic disorder, especially relating to behavior/cognitive outcome, in order to improve prevention and treatment strategies. Methods Sixty patients with early thalamic injury were followed since the first registration of SPEA with serial neurological, long term EEG monitoring and neuropsychological examinations, as well as neuroimaging and a detailed clinical history. They were classified in three different groups according to the sleep spike–waves (SW) quantification: electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES), more than 85% of slow sleep; overactivation between 50% and 85% and simple activation between 10 and 50%). Results were then examined also with a statistical analysis. Results In our series of CSWS occurring in early brain injured children with unilateral thalamic involvement there is a common neuropathologic origin but with various grades of SPEA severity. Statistical analysis showed that patients evolving toward ESES presented more commonly the involvement of the mediodorsal part of thalamus nuclei and a bilateral cortico-subcortical brain injury, epilepsy was more severe with a delayed onset; moreover, in the acute stage .ESES patients presented the worst behavior/cognitive performances. As to cognitive and behavior outcome, longer SPEA duration as well as bilateral brain injury and cognitive/behavior impairment in acute phase appear linked to a poor outcome; some particular neuropathology (ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic infarction) as well as hydrocephalus shunting are associated with behavior disorders. Conclusions Discrete features seem to support different underlying mechanisms in ESES patients in comparison with less severe SPEA; they represent negative prognostic factors. Longer SPEA duration as well as bilateral brain injury and cognitive/behavior impairment in acute phase seem predictive of a worse cognitive/behavior outcome.
HIV/AIDS Cost Study: Construct Validity and Factor Structure of the PTSD Checklist in Dually Diagnosed HIV-Seropositive Adults

Abstract Published findings are mixed regarding the underlying factor structure of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Studies have found two-, three-, and four-factor solutions, which are only partially consistent with DSM-IV-defined PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal). The current study examined the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the PCL in a sample of dually diagnosed (substance use disorder and other psychiatric disorder) participants living with HIV/AIDS. Results supported the robust psychometric properties of the PCL, with high reliability and validity. Using confirmatory factor analysis, two models, a second-order (two-factor) and a first-order (four-factor) solution were supported. The utility of the PCL and implications for the dimensionality of PTSD in this population are discussed
RANKED SET SAMPLING WITH UNEQUAL SAMPLES AND UNEQUAL REPLICATIONS

A ranked set sampling procedure with unequal samples and unequal replications () RSSUR is proposed and used to estimate the population mean. This estimator is then compared with the estimators based on ranked set sampling with unequal samples and equal replications (RSSU), median ranked set sampling (MRSS) and ranked set sampling (RSS). It is shown that the relative precisions of the proposed estimator are higher than the estimators based on RSSU, MRSS and RSS for unimodal symmetric and moderately asymmetrical distributions. An example of estimating the mean diameter at breast height of longleaf-pine trees on the Wade Tract in Thomas County, Georgia, is presented.
A Normative Consideration of Employment Arbitration at Gilmer's Quinceanera

In the fifteen years since the Gilmer Court permitted employers to compel employees to arbitrate statutory claims, empirical research and case law development have provided answers to many of the issues that originally were debatable only as a matter of conjecture. Arbitration is definitely faster than litigation, it can be cheaper for both parties so long as excessive fees are not levied on employees, and it can significantly enhance access for low-income employees so long as the arbitration agreement is fairly drafted. One major criticism of employment arbitration, however, has proven valid: many employers have used their superior bargaining power to impose on employees lopsided agreements that make it all but impossible for employees to pursue valid claims and that deter many employees from even trying to do so. This deterrent effect undermines the access argument for arbitration and strengthens the criticism that arbitration functions as a prospective waiver of substantive rights. Two things must happen before mandatory arbitration becomes an acceptably fair method of adjudicating employment disputes. First, there must be a clear set of "due process rules" against which arbitration agreements can be measured to determine enforceability. Second, a penalty must be imposed on employers that draft flagrantly lopsided agreements, to counteract the incentives employers now have to use lopsided agreements to deter valid claims. Such a penalty might be imposed by awarding attorneys' fees to employees who successfully challenge lopsided agreements, permitting employees to use lopsided agreements in claims for punitive damages, or recognizing a separate cause of action (similar to retaliation) against employers for attempting to interfere with the enforcement of employees' statutory rights.
Mitochondrial calcium transport: physiological and pathological relevance

Since the initiation of work on mitochondrial Ca2+ transport in the early 1960s, the relationship between experimental observations and physiological function has often seemed enigmatic. Why, for example, should an organelle dedicated to the crucial task of producing approximately 95% of the cell's ATP sequester Ca2+, sometimes in preference to phosphorylating ADP? Why should there be two separate efflux mechanisms, the Na+ independent and the Na+ dependent, both thought until recently to be driven exclusively either directly or indirectly by the energy of the pH gradient? Does intramitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration control metabolism? Is there evidence for any separate function of the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport mechanisms under pathological conditions? What is the relationship between mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, and irreversible cell damage under pathological conditions? First, we review what is known about control of metabolism, evidence for a role for intramitochondrial Ca2+ in control of metabolism, the cellular conditions under which mitochondria are exposed to Ca2+, characteristics of the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport mechanisms including the permeability transition, and evidence for and against mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in vivo. Then the questions listed above and others are addressed from the perspective of the characteristics of the mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport.
Current Issues in Financial Regulation: Views from the Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee

Panel participants:George Kaufman, Loyola University - ChicagoEdward Kane, Boston College & NBERChester Spatt, Carnegie Mellon University
The Effects of Camera Perspective and Field of View on Performance in Teleoperated Navigation

Directly teleoperated uninhabited ground vehicles (UGVs) can grant field teams access to places and information previously unavailable. Despite their capability, the video from these vehicles can make teleoperated navigation difficult by cutting out valuable information about the spatial context around the UGV. Typically, UGV cameras provide their operators with a very narrow, “soda straw” field of view (FOV) and a first-person camera perspective. The present research investigated two methods for providing an operator with additional contextual information: widening the FOV and capturing a third-person perspective of the vehicle in its environment. The results indicate that the additional information provided by either method can facilitate aspects of navigation performance. Of the two methods, widening the FOV produced the greatest performance benefit in our task. However, if the FOV cannot be widened, the results suggest that capturing a third-person perspective may facilitate certain aspects of navigat...
New species in the Sitalcina sura species group (Opiliones, Laniatores, Phalangodidae), with evidence for a biogeographic link between California desert canyons and Arizona sky islands

The western United States is home to numerous narrowly endemic harvestman taxa (Arachnida, Opiliones), including members of the genus Sitalcina Banks, 1911. Sitalcina is comprised of three species groups, including the monospecific Sitalcina californica and Sitalcina lobata groups, and the Sitalcina sura group with eight described species. All species in the Sitalcina sura group have very small geographic distributions, with group members distributed like disjunct "beads on a string" from Monterey south to southern California and southeast to the sky-island mountain ranges of southern Arizona. Here, molecular phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses were conducted for all described species in the Sitalcina sura group, plus several newly discovered populations. Species trees were reconstructed using multispecies coalescent methods implemented in *BEAST, and species delimitation was accomplished using Bayes Factor Delimitation (BFD). Based on quantitative species delimitation results supported by consideration of morphological characters, two new species (Sitalcina oasiensis sp. n., Sitalcina ubicki sp. n.) are described. We also provide a description of the previously unknown male of Sitalcina borregoensis Briggs, 1968. Molecular phylogenetic evidence strongly supports distinctive desert versus coastal clades, with desert canyon taxa from southern California more closely related to Arizona taxa than to geographically proximate California coastal taxa. We hypothesize that southern ancestry and plate tectonics have played a role in the diversification history of this animal lineage, similar to sclerophyllous plant taxa of the Madro-Tertiary Geoflora. Molecular clock analyses for the Sitalcina sura group are generally consistent with these hypotheses. We also propose that additional Sitalcina species await discovery in the desert canyons of southern California and northern Baja, and the mountains of northwestern mainland Mexico.
PIWI-Interacting RNAs in Gliomagenesis: Evidence from Post-GWAS and Functional Analyses.

Background: PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), the largest class of noncoding RNAs in mammals, cooperate with PIWI proteins to safeguard the genome from insertional mutations during germline development. Although a growing number studies have linked the PIWI-piRNA pathway to carcinogenesis, the role of piRNAs in glioma has not been explored. Methods: Utilizing directly measured and imputed genotypes from the GliomaScan genome-wide association study (1,840 cases and 2,401 controls), genetic variants in 1,428 piRNAs were analyzed for association with glioma risk. In vitro assays were performed to interrogate the functional impact of a top identified piRNA and its variant allele. Results: Variants in five piRNAs were considered to be associations of interest and four of these showed narrow clusters of enhanced association signals surrounding the index variant. Functional analyses of one of these piRNAs, piR-598, revealed that transfection of the wild-type piRNA impacted expression of genes involved in cell death/survival, and reduced glioma cell viability and colony formation. However, upon delivery of piR-598 containing the variant allele at rs147061479 (OR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.33-2.46; P=1.69 x 10-4), cell proliferation was sharply increased. Conclusions: The genetic association analysis identifies several piRNAs associated with glioma risk and follow-up functional analyses suggest that variant rs147061479 in piR-598 increases glioma risk by abolishing the tumor-suppressive function of piR-598, instead conferring growth-promoting properties. Impact: This transdisciplinary study demonstrates a role of piRNAs in gliomagenesis by evidence from both post-GWAS and in vitro functional analyses, and supports expanded investigation into the link between the PIWI-piRNA pathway and cancer.
Mosquito Eradication: The Story of Killing Campto Brian H. Kay and Richard C. Russell

Mosquito Eradication: The Story of Killing Campto Brian H. Kay. Richard C. Russell (eds.) 2013; 280 pages CSIRO Publishing ISBN: 978-1486300570 $69.95 (paperback) ![Graphic][1] In 1826, the paradise that was the Hawaiian Islands was changed forever when the first mosquito species was accidently introduced to the island of Maui. Though it has not lived up to its potential as a vector of human disease in the islands, Culex quinquefasciatus and the avian pathogens it transmits laid waste to perhaps the world's most remarkable insular avifauna. Today the lowland native forests, once deafening with birdsong, are largely devoid of native birds and Cx. quinquefasciatus has become an inextricable part of our natural areas. In the Hawaiian Islands, the conservation community struggles to keep invasive species out and to control a number of species that have become naturalized. Despite the millions of dollars spent, these efforts never seem enough to slow the erosion of our native biota. The restoration and long-term preservation of Hawaiian forest birds depend on the nearly complete control of mosquito-borne avian disease, an obstacle that to many land managers appears insurmountable. To rally hope in Hawai\`i, the conservation community needs to see a success. As a Pacific island, Hawai\`i … dlapointe{at}usgs.gov [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
A Demonstration Experiment with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy for Instrumental Analysis Course

To enhance undergraduate learners' understanding of the atomic and molecular scale concepts in"Instrumental Analysis Ⅱ"course( a bilingual course),the basic principle of scanning tunneling microscopy( STM),as a visualization tool,was briefly introduced through a demonstration experiment( DEMO). This DEMO was also coupled with practice of students in instrumental analysis of a given substance and the calculation from the atomic and molecular level. In an international collaboration setting,it was refined the experiment and calculation details can help students in establishing clear molecular and atomic concept in Instrumental Analysis courses. The analysis of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite's( HOPG) topographical features was used as an example for the DEMO and the calculation practice.
Determination of cyanide in grains by headspace gas chromatography

Objective:To develop a headspace gas chromatography method for the determination of cyanide in grains.Methods:Determination of cyanogen chloride derived from reaction of cyanide and chloramine T was carried out by headspace gas chromatography with electron capture detector.Results:The limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/kg.The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0～60 μg.The mean recovery was 90.0%～96.4% and the relative standard derivations lower than 7.5%.It had no significant difference with national standard method.Conclusion:This method is simple,rapid and accurate.It is suitable for determination of cyanide in grains.
The Myocardial Protection of Self-Blood Cardioplegia in Infants during Cardiac Operation

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of self-blood cardioplegia in infants with congenital heart disease in cardiac operation.METHODS 30 cases of infants with congenital heart disease were randomly divided into self-blood(group A,n=10),blood(group B,n=10)and crystalloid(group C,n=10)cardioplegic solution groups.Artery radial blood sampled was took to measure cTnI and CKMB pre-operation,24 and 48 hours after operation.The time and the ratio of myocardial resuscitation were recorded during operation,the cardiac index(CI)and the dependence degrees of positive inotropic were monitored after operation.RESULTS Compared with pre-operation,cTnI increased immediately(P0.001),and CKMB reached the peak value 24 hours after operation.The difference of cTnI,CKMB,the time of myocardial resuscitation and the dependence degrees of positive inotropic after operation between group A and B or between group A and C were significant(P0.01,P0.05).Comparing between group B and C,there were also significant difference at cTnI,the time of myocardial resuscitation and the dependence degrees of positive inotropic after operation.Cardiac index CI)in group A was higher than group B and C.CONCLUSION Comparing with crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solution,self-blood cardioplegic solution is a good cardioprotection for infants in cardiopulmonary bypass and could provide satisfactory protection for the immature myocardium.
Biological conversion of gaseous alkenes to liquid chemicals

Industrial gas-to-liquid (GTL) technologies are well developed. They generally employ syngas, require complex infrastructure, and need high capital investment to be economically viable. Alternatively, biological conversion has the potential to be more efficient, and easily deployed to remote areas on relatively small scales for the utilization of otherwise stranded resources. The present study demonstrates a novel biological GTL process in which engineered Escherichia coli converts C2-C4 gaseous alkenes into liquid diols. Diols are versatile industrially important chemicals, used routinely as antifreeze agents, polymer precursors amongst many other applications. Heterologous co-expression of a monooxygenase and an epoxide hydrolase in E. coli allows whole cell conversion of C2-C4 alkenes for the formation of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, and 2,3-butanediol at ambient temperature and pressure in one pot. Increasing intracellular NADH supply via addition of formate and a formate dehydrogenase increases ethylene glycol production titers, resulting in an improved productivity of 9mg/L/h and a final titer of 250mg/L. This represents a novel biological method for GTL conversion of alkenes to industrially valuable diols.
Partial In Vitro Reconstitution of an Orphan Polyketide Synthase Associated with Clinical Cases of Nocardiosis.

Although a few well-characterized polyketide synthases (PKSs) have been functionally reconstituted in vitro from purified protein components, the use of this strategy to decode “orphan” assembly line PKSs has not been described. To begin investigating a PKS found only in Nocardia strains associated with clinical cases of nocardiosis, we reconstituted in vitro its five terminal catalytic modules. In the presence of octanoyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, NADPH, and S-adenosyl methionine, this pentamodular PKS system yielded unprecedented octaketide and heptaketide products whose structures were partially elucidated using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The PKS has several notable features, including a “split, stuttering” module and a terminal reductive release mechanism. Our findings pave the way for further analysis of this unusual biosynthetic gene cluster whose natural product may enhance the infectivity of its producer strains in human hosts.
Evaluation, International Organizations, and Global Policy: An Introduction

This article introduces the Special Section Evaluation, International Organizations, and Global Policy. It provides a synopsis of the overarching challenges and opportunities for evaluation in the field of global public policy through international organizations. In the article four issue areas are addressed. First, is the central role of peacekeeping, development, and environment in global public policy and how evaluations enhance the governance capacity of international organizations in these areas. Second, the contribution that evaluation can make toward legitimizing the activities of international organizations through accountability mechanisms of communication, assessment, and optimization of outcomes. Third, how evaluation at the international level is especially suited to facilitate solutions to increasingly complex and globally interdependent problems. Fourth, it concludes with, how evaluation contributes to producing constructive policy at the global level. This includes, especially in terms of policy implications, the need to evaluate evaluation itself on a regular basis, in order to ensure its constant progress as a discipline and practice, and the need to embed evaluation in good policies, at the global level among others.
Reengineering storage logistics

ABSTRACTThe University at Albany investigated process improvements for transferring or withdrawing large numbers of books from its stacks. Based on this investigation, this article offers best practices and processes, including finding efficiencies in workflow and implementing ILS batch processing of Excel worksheets containing record metadata, rather than individual processing of titles. Other suggested best practices are a variant of cross-docking, where the processed materials are removed from the shelf to a truck, the barcode scanned into a comma-delimited file for batch processing, and materials directly discarded or transported to storage for immediate shelving, depending on planned final disposition.
Capecitabine With Mitomycin Reduces Acute Hematologic Toxicity and Treatment Delays in Patients Undergoing Definitive Chemoradiation Using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Anal Cancer.

Purpose To assess the impact on acute toxicity of replacing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with capecitabine in definitive chemoradiation for patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC). Methods and Materials We retrospectively reviewed the records of 107 consecutive patients with nonmetastatic ASCC treated with definitive chemoradiation from January 2009 to May 2014. In 2011, based on the noninferiority of capecitabine versus 5-FU, our institutional practice shifted to use capecitabine instead of 5-FU for ASCC. Of 107 patients, 63 were treated with infusional 5-FU (1000 mg/m 2 /day for 4 days) and mitomycin C (MMC) (10 mg/m 2 ) during weeks 1 and 5, and 44 patients were treated with capecitabine (825 mg/m 2 twice daily) Monday through Friday throughout radiation therapy (RT) and MMC (10 mg/m 2 ) during weeks 1 and 5. The incidence of grade 3 to 4 acute toxicity was compared between the 2 groups. Results The median age at diagnosis was 59 years, and 78 patients (73%) were female. The patient characteristics were similar between the 2 treatment groups. All patients in both groups were treated with intensity modulated RT (median dose, 56 Gy). In the 5-FU group, 52% experienced grade 3 to 4 neutropenia compared with 20% in the capecitabine group ( P =.001). Treatment breaks resulting from toxicity, primarily related to grade 3+ hematologic toxicity, were necessary for 42% of patients treated with 5-FU versus 16% of those treated with capecitabine ( P =.006). Conclusions Pelvic radiation therapy with MMC plus capecitabine was well tolerated and appeared to have less grade 3+ acute hematologic toxicity and fewer treatment interruptions than in a population of ASCC patients undergoing definitive chemoradiation with MMC and 5-FU.
6-DOF Shaker Test Input Derivation from Field Test

Six degree of freedom (6-DOF) subsystem/component testing is becoming a desirable method, for field test data and the stress environment can be better replicated with this technology. Unfortunately, it is a rare occasion where a field test can be sufficiently instrumented such that the subsystem/component 6-DOF inputs can be directly derived. However, a recent field test of a Sandia National Laboratory system was instrumented sufficiently such that the input could be directly derived for a particular subsystem. This input is compared to methods for deriving 6-DOF test inputs from field data with limited instrumentation. There are four methods in this study used for deriving 6-DOF input with limited instrumentation. In addition to input comparisons, response measurements during the flight are compared to the predicted response of each input derivation method. All these methods with limited instrumentation suffer from the need to inverse the transmissibility function.
Magneto-Inertial Method for Determining the Relative Position and Orientation of an Object

We describe a method for determining the position and orientation of an object in a varying magnetic field generated by two flat coils which are arranged horizontally in one plane. We present an algorithm for computing position and orientation of a measurement unit, consisting of a three-axis alternating magnetic field sensor, and a microelectromechanical (MEMS) accelerometer.
Religion and Political Culture in Britain and Ireland

It is widely acknowledged that religion has been at the heart of the shaping of political culture in the British Isles since the Reformation; but what were the central components of that culture, how did they change over time, and how should one characterize the relationship between religion and political culture in modern Britain and Ireland at the beginning of a new century? At stake here is no mere exercise in the by-ways of cultural history, but rather the analysis of a vital ingredient of national identity in Britain and Ireland which has done much to shape their interaction with each other, with Europe and the wider world. This chapter will aim to explore some of the historical roots of religion and political culture in the British Isles before investigating three of its thorniest contemporary problems — the continuing conflict in Northern Ireland, the rise of new religious traditions in Britain as a result of population migrations from parts of the former British Empire, and the rapid decline of the old Christian denominations as part of the wider secularization of British culture.
Effects of Chemical Defoliation and Bare Root Storage on Carbohydrate Levels and Spring Growth in Euonymus alata

For 2 seasons, levels of starch, sucrose and galactitol were measured in roots of Euonymus alata (Thunb.) Sieb, following fall spray treatments with a mixture of endothall [7-oxabicyclo- (2,2,1) heptane-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid] and ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) and overwintering in the field or in a common storage facility. The spray-storage treatment decreased starch levels by 80% and 43% during winter months of the first and second years, respectively. Dry weight of new shoot growth was reduced 66% as a result of the spray-storage treatment during the first year, but there was no reduction of dry weight relative to controls during the second year. During both years, galactitol levels in the roots were not affected by either treatment.
Molecular and Kinetic Models for High-Rate Thermal Degradation of Polyethylene

Thermal degradation of polyethylene is studied under the extremely high-rate tem- perature ramps expected in laser-driven and x-ray ablation experiments – from $10^10$ to $10^14$ K/s in isochoric, condensed phases. The molecular evolution and macroscopic state variables are extracted as a function of density from reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF potential. The enthalpy, dissociation onset tempera- ture, bond evolution and observed cross-linking are shown to be rate dependent. These results are used to parameterize a kinetic rate model for the decomposition and co- alescence of hydrocarbons as a function of temperature, temperature ramp rate, and density. The results are contrasted to first-order random-scission macrokinetic models often assumed for pyrolysis of linear polyethylene under ambient conditions.
Hernia recurrence following inguinal hernia repair in children

Abstract Purpose We aimed to describe the incidence, timing, and predictors of recurrence following inguinal hernia repair (IHR) in children. Methods We used the TRICARE claims database, a national cohort of >3 million child dependents of members of the U.S. Armed Forces. We abstracted data on children Results Nine thousand nine hundred ninety-three children met inclusion criteria. Age at time of IHR was ≤1y in 37%, 2-3y in 23%, 4–5y in 16%, and 5–12y in 24%. Median follow-up time was 3.5y (IQR:1.6–6.1). 137 patients recurred (1.4%), with an incidence of 3.46 per 1000 person-years. Over half occurred in children 0-1y at repair (60%). The majority occurred within a year following repair (median 209 days [IQR:79–486]). Children 0-1y had 2.53 times greater odds of recurrence (compared to >5y). Children with multiple comorbidities had 5.45 times greater odds compared to those with no comorbidities. Conclusions The incidence of recurrence following IHR is 3.46 per 1000 person-years. The majority occurred within a year of repair. Children ≤1y and those with multiple comorbidities were at increased risk. Level of Evidence Prognosis Study, Level II.
Reduced Muscle Strength in Barth Syndrome May Be Improved by Resistance Exercise Training: A Pilot Study

Background: Cardioskeletal myopathy is thought to contribute to exercise intolerance, and reduced quality of life (QOL) in Barth syndrome (BTHS). The objectives of this study were to examine: (1) skeletal muscle strength/performance in adolescents and young adults with BTHS and (2) the safety, feasibility, and initial efficacy of 12 weeks of progressive resistance exercise training (RET) on muscle strength, mass, and performance, bone mineral density, exercise tolerance, cardiac function, and QOL in individuals with BTHS.
Epidemiology of Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries Among Baseball Players: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program, 2009-2010 Through 2013-2014:

Background:Injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow are of major concern in baseball; however, the epidemiology of these injuries among National Collegiate Athletic Association ...
Further clues to recognition of patients with fibromyalgia from a simple 2-page patient multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ).

OBJECTIVE To analyze quantitative scores for pain, fatigue, functional disability, and the number of symptoms on a review of systems on a multidimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ), including the ratios of scores for pain to physical function and fatigue to physical function, and to further study how these scores can help to identify patients with fibromyalgia. METHODS All consecutive patients seen at a rheumatology clinic completed a 2-sided, 1-page MDHAQ at each visit to assess physical function, pain, fatigue, global status, helplessness and review of systems, and had their erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measured. Scores for these variables were analyzed in 78 consecutive patients with fibromyalgia over a two-year period, and in 149 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a "control" group. A subset analysis was conducted in patients with RA who were classified independently according to clinical criteria as having or not having coexistent fibromyalgia. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and receiver-operating-characteristic curves were computed for patients with fibromyalgia and compared to patients with RA. RESULTS Patients with fibromyalgia had high ratios of pain:physical function and fatigue:physical function scores, and a high number of reported symptoms. These quantitative data differed significantly from patients with RA. Patients with fibromyalgia also had a lower ESR than patients with RA, whose scores were similar whether or not there was coexistent fibromyalgia. Patients with fibromyalgia were distinguished equally well from patients with RA by patient questionnaire data as by the ESR. CONCLUSION A simple 1-page, 2-sided patient questionnaire provides quantitative information which may contribute to identify patients with fibromyalgia, including patients with RA who may also have coexistent fibromyalgia.
The Ulnar Nerve

The ulnar nerve represents the direct continuation of the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and is the largest of its terminal branches. It carries nerve fibers from vertebral levels C-8 and T-1, with frequent contributions from C-7. From its origin in the axilla, the ulnar nerve passes into the arm distally, where it continues medial to the brachial artery. At approximately the level of insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle, the nerve courses posteriorly and passes through the medial intermuscular septum. Beyond this point, the nerve occupies a groove or tunnel in the medial head of the triceps muscle. It continues distally to pass through a gap formed by the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon process of the ulna. Local investments of deep fascia approximates the ulnar nerve to the medial head of the triceps in this region.
Multiscale multichroic focal-plane architecture for measurements of the cosmic microwave background (Conference Presentation)

We report on the design, fabrication and measured performance of hierarchical sinuous-antenna phased arrays coupled to cryogenic lithographed detectors for millimeter-wave astronomy. This architecture allows for dual-polarization wideband sensitivity with a beam width that is approximately frequency-independent. This solves a common problem with multichroic pixels, which is that the beam width varies with frequency and causes suboptimal sensitivity in most frequency bands. We achieve a variable pixel size, i.e., a multiscale focal plane, by creating phased arrays from neighboring lenslet-coupled sinuous antennas, where the size of each array is chosen independently for each frequency band, so that the effective pixel size scales with wavelength. Our devices consist of arrays of hemispherical lenses coupled to lithographed wafers, which integrate transition-edge-sensor (TES) bolometers with superconducting sinuous antennas and microwave circuitry including band-defining filters. The design can be straightforwardly modified for use with non-TES lithographed cryogenic detectors such as kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs). We have demonstrated frequency-independent beam widths from a three-level hierarchical sinuous-antenna phased array over a 3:1 bandwidth. Additionally, we have demonstrated several other microwave components such as a 4:1 broadband 180-degree hybrid that can simplify the design of future multichroic focal planes including but not limited to hierarchical phased arrays. We discuss the development of a 4-band hierarchical phased array that is scalable in the sense that it can tile a wafer for use in a current or upcoming experiment.
Fibular Reposition Taping Does Not Change Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Gait in Active Adults With Chronic Ankle Instability

Altered arthrokinematics are present in individuals with chronic ankle instability, which may influence their walking biomechanics. The objective of this study was to determine if fibular repositio...
Autonomous Tracking and Sampling of the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Layer in an Open-Ocean Eddy by a Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Phytoplankton communities residing in the open ocean, the largest habitat on Earth, play a key role in global primary production. Through their influence on nutrient supply to the euphotic zone, open-ocean eddies impact the magnitude of primary production and its spatial and temporal distributions. It is important to gain a deeper understanding of the microbial ecology of marine ecosystems under the influence of eddy physics with the aid of advanced technologies. In March and April 2018, we deployed autonomous underwater and surface vehicles in a cyclonic eddy in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre to investigate the variability of the microbial community in the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layer. One long-range autonomous underwater vehicle (LRAUV) carrying a third-generation Environmental Sample Processor (3G-ESP) autonomously tracked and sampled the DCM layer for four days without surfacing. The sampling LRAUV's vertical position in the DCM layer was maintained by locking onto the isotherm corresponding to the chlorophyll peak. The vehicle ran on tight circles while drifting with the eddy current. This mode of operation enabled a quasi-Lagrangian time series focused on sampling the temporal variation of the DCM population. A companion LRAUV surveyed a cylindrical volume around the sampling LRAUV to monitor spatial and temporal variation in contextual water column properties. The simultaneous sampling and mapping enabled observation of DCM microbial community in its natural frame of reference.
Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Spontaneous Lymphoma/Leukemia in NSG Mice:

The NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ strain (NOD scid gamma, NSG) is a severely immunodeficient inbred laboratory mouse used for preclinical studies because it is amenable to engraftment with human cells. Combining scid and Il2rgnull mutations results in severe immunodeficiency by impairing the maturation, survival, and functionality of interleukin 2-dependent immune cells, including T, B, and natural killer lymphocytes. While NSG mice are reportedly resistant to developing spontaneous lymphomas/leukemias, there are reports of hematopoietic cancers developing. In this study, we characterized the immunophenotype of spontaneous lymphoma/leukemia in 12 NSG mice (20 to 38 weeks old). The mice had a combination of grossly enlarged thymus, spleen, or lymph nodes and variable histologic involvement of the bone marrow and other tissues. All 12 lymphomas were diffusely CD3, TDT, and CD4 positive, and 11 of 12 were also positive for CD8, which together was consistent with precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (pre-T-LBL). A subset of NSG tissues from all mice and neoplastic lymphocytes from 8 of 12 cases had strong immunoreactivity for retroviral p30 core protein, suggesting an association with a viral infection. These data highlight that NSG mice may develop T-cell lymphoma at low frequency, necessitating the recognition of this spontaneously arising disease when interpreting studies.
Embodied Difference: Monstrosity, Disability, and the Posthuman

This chapter introduces the volume and surveys the relevant literature in the fields of Disability Studies and Monster Studies, and explains their intersections and differences. The authors explore the difference in the medical and social models of disability and impairment, summarize the volume's contents, and provide two case studies: a marginal figure from a thirteenth-century French manuscript containing various Arthurian romances, filed under the subject heading “Monster crippled” by Lilian Randall in her 1966 catalog of Images in the Margins of Gothic Manuscripts; and Matthias Buchinger, who described himself as a “wonderful Little Man of but 29 Inches high, born without Hands, Feet, or Thighs, June the 2nd, 1674.” Both figures—real and mythical, though both highly mythologized—call out for our careful attention and ask us to reconsider how we might categorize them and their abilities.
Chapter 3 – Neuropathology of Parkinson's Disease1

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the neuropathology of Lewy body (LB) Parkinsonism. The chapter also discusses about the importance of Parkinson's disease (PD) models for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease and for developing therapeutics. Many of the current animal models focus on one of the two aspects of the pathology of PD—either α-synuclein pathology or pathology in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. Cellular and transgenic animal models tend to focus on the former, while toxin models tend to be more appropriate to the latter. Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. The challenge of animal models is to accurately replicate not only the morphologic aspects of the disease, but also the selective vulnerability and neurodegeneration. None of the available models shows neurodegeneration in all of the brain regions that are commonly affected in PD. An essential neuropathologic feature of PD is not only α-synuclein pathology, but also neuronal loss and gliosis. This chapter covers the subject of gross and microscoping findings in PD. Neuropathologic staging of PD is explained in detail in this chapter. The chapter also examines LBs in other disorders. Molecular biology of LBs and neuronal loss in PD is discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion on relevance of neuropathology to PD models.
Molecular organization in mixed SOPC and SDPC model membranes: Water permeability studies of polyunsaturated lipid bilayers

Polyunsaturated phospholipids in plasma membranes modulate order and dynamics of the lipid bilayer and influence integral membrane protein function. In this study, we investigate the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) chains in phosphatidylcholine (PC) on osmotic water permeability and packing characteristics, using a droplet interface bilayer (DIB) as a model cell membrane. The lipid bilayer system is composed of mixtures of PC lipids with varying ratio of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (SOPC, 18: 0-18:1 PC) to 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (SDPC, 18:0-22:6 PC). Water permeability coefficients (Pf) were derived from the kinetics of osmotic filtration across the DIB. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy probed the structural and packing properties of the mixtures. The water transport parameters and Raman spectral analyses together indicate that Pf and aggregate ordering of a lipid bilayer are significantly influenced by the progressive addition of PUFA chains to a bilayer. The permeability rates across bilayers of the mixtures are a linear function of SDPC mol%. The mean disorder for the bilayer hydrocarbon region, as determined by Raman disorder parameter from the saturated chain, scales linearly with Pf. The linear trend for Pf versus degree of unsaturation in double-chain PC lipid bilayers is about half the value of that obtained for a single-chain lipid system, with implications for an evolutionary preference for phospholipids during the postulated biotic transition from single-chain lipid protocellular to modern cell membranes. The amassed results highlight the role of PUFA in modifying membrane order as manifest in bulk membrane physical properties, with characteristic differences depending on single-chain or double-chain systems.
Association of financial conflicts of interest with academic success among junior faculty in hematology and oncology.

2080Background: Financial conflict of interest (COI) represents a complex issue in hematology and oncology. Little is known about when COIs develop during a career and if these correlate with early...
Should we stop or continue conventional synthetic (including glucocorticoids) and targeted DMARDs before surgery in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases

Total hip and total knee arthroplasty) remain important interventions to treat symptomatic knee and hip damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with little change in utilisation rates despite the increasingly widespread use of potent conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and targeted DMARDs including Janus kinase inhibitors and biologics. The majority of patients are receiving these immunosuppressing medications and glucocorticoids at the time they present for arthroplasty. There is minimal randomised controlled trial data addressing the use of DMARDs in the perioperative period, yet patients and their physicians face these decisions daily. This paper reviews what is known regarding perioperative management of targeted and csDMARDs and glucocorticoids.