cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic vs open surgical approach for intussusception requiring operative intervention

Abstract Purpose Laparoscopy has recently been used to treat intussusception that cannot be reduced radiologically. The effectiveness and practical nature of this approach has been questioned. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the authors' experience with this laparoscopic approach and compared this to the conventional open laparotomy procedure. Results Sixteen patients were treated via laparoscopy, with 2 of these requiring conversions to an open procedure (12.5%). Twenty-five patients underwent an open reduction. Operative time was not significantly different ( P = .698) between the laparoscopic (49.56 ± 26.40 minutes) and open groups (45.00 ± 24.74). Length of stay, however, was significantly reduced ( P = .005) in the laparoscopic group (3.00 ± 1.31 days) compared to the open group (4.52 ± 1.98). Total hospital charges were lower in the laparoscopic group ($8171 ± 2595) compared to the open group ($11,672 ± 5466); this difference was not significant ( P = .088). There were no significant differences in intra- or postoperative complication rates ( P = .637) between the 2 approaches. Conclusions Although there remains a group who will require a conversion to an open procedure, the laparoscopic approach should be considered a safe and effective option for all children who do not respond to a radiological reduction.
Assessing Skeletal Maturity: Comparison of the Atlas and Individual Bone Techniques

MEASUREMENT of skeletal maturity by means of wrist X-rays is quite useful to the physical anthropologist1, physician2, orthodontist3 and others4 who are concerned with studying the growth of children. At present, two widely varying systems are used, and here I shall point out their similarities and differences for the benefit of those seeking to choose between the two.
Direct determination of pentachlorophenol by differential pulse polarography

Abstract Differential pulse polarography at the dropping mercury electrode and differential pulse voltammetry at the carbon paste electrode are used for direct determinations of pentachlorophenol at concentrations down to 0.27 ppm. PCP is electrochemically reduced in phosphate buffers of pH 8 to produce a concentration-dependent current peak at —0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The procedure requires only 15 min. Cyclic voltammetry at the hanging mercury drop electrode is used to evaluate the electrochemical reaction and to establish the reversibility of the PCP electrode reaction.
A Study of Transient Crack Growth in AISI 4340 Steel in NaCl Solution

Abstract Subcritical crack growth in high strength AISI 4340 steel in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at 25 C in response to sudden changes in applied stress intensity was studied. The material-environment system was potentiostatically controlled at cathodic ( −1.0 VSCE). open circuit (−0.6 VSCE), and anodic (−0.55 VSCE) potentials in order to ascertain the effect of potential on the crack growth transient behavior. Two loading schemes were used. In loading scheme I, the initial crack was stationary, whereas with loading scheme II, the sudden change in crack tip stress intensity, KI, was applied to a crack growing at a steady-state rate. The results obtained from loading scheme I show that the steady-state crack growth rate is achieved only after an incubation period of no crack extension and a transient period of time-dependent crack growth rate. The time taken to achieve the steady-state crack growth rate was found to decrease with increasing applied stress intensity. The results obtained from loading scheme...
Thermoelectric transport effect in superconducting indium

Abstract A magnetic flux has been generated within a hollow toroidal cavity whose walls consisted of superconducting indium and lead. The origin of the flux is attributed to a thermoelectric transport effect induced by a temperature gradient in the toroid. The flux was found to diverge rapidly near the transition temperature of indium and to be several orders of magnitude larger than predicted by existing theory.
Sex differences in levels of tolerance and attribution of blame for sexual harassment on a university campus

Although the issue of sexual harassment on college campuses has been discussed in the literature for the last five years, little attention has been paid to sex differences in levels of tolerance and attribution of blame in harassment. The current survey, based on a random sample of faculty, students, and staff at a large southern university, details sex differences in definitions of harassment, in attitudes toward causes, in attitudes toward romantic relationships between faculty and students, and in attitudes toward university policy. The authors suggest that sex differences reflect differing perceptions by men and women of their own self-interests within the university, and the organizational environment. Attention is also directed to the explanatory power of attribution theory.
Network-Based Identification of Biomarkers Coexpressed with Multiple Pathways:

Unraveling complex molecular interactions and networks and incorporating clinical information in modeling will present a paradigm shift in molecular medicine. Embedding biological relevance via modeling molecular networks and pathways has become increasingly important for biomarker identification in cancer susceptibility and metastasis studies. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of computational methods used for biomarker identification, and provide a performance comparison of several network models used in studies of cancer susceptibility, disease progression, and prognostication. Specifically, we evaluated implication networks, Boolean networks, Bayesian networks, and Pearson’s correlation networks in constructing gene coexpression networks for identifying lung cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The results show that implication networks, implemented in Genet package, identified sets of biomarkers that generated an accurate prediction of lung cancer risk and metastases; meanwhile, implication networks revealed more biologically relevant molecular interactions than Boolean networks, Bayesian networks, and Pearson’s correlation networks when evaluated with MSigDB database.
Type I collagen is the autoantigen in experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis

This study was undertaken to identify and characterize the Ag responsible for the induction of experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU). Melanin-associated Ag isolated from bovine iris and ciliary body was digested with the proteolytic enzyme V8 protease to solubilize the proteins and the pathogenic protein was purified to homogeneity. Lewis rats were sensitized to various fractions and investigated for the development of anterior uveitis and an immune response to the purified Ag. The uveitogenic Ag had a mass of 22 kDa (SDS-PAGE) and an isoelectric point of 6.75. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein demonstrated 100% homology with the bovine type I collagen alpha-2 chain starting from amino acid 385 and will be referred to as CI-alpha2 (22 kDa). Animals immunized with bovine CI-alpha2 (22 kDa) developed both cellular and humoral immunity to the Ag. They developed anterior uveitis only if the CI-alpha2 chain underwent proteolysis and if the bound carbohydrates were intact. EAAU induced by CI-alpha2 (22 kDa) can be adoptively transferred to naive syngenic rats by primed CD4(+) T cells. EAAU could not be induced by the adoptive transfer of sera obtained from animals immunized with CI-alpha2 (22 kDa). The alpha-1 and alpha-2 chains (intact or proteolytically cleaved) of type I collagen from calfskin were not pathogenic. Although human anterior uveitis has been historically characterized as a collagen disease, this is first time collagen has been directly identified as the target autoantigen in uveitis.
Comparison of linkage analysis methods for genome-wide scanning of extended pedigrees, with application to the TG/HDL-C ratio in the Framingham Heart Study

High triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) jointly increase coronary disease risk. We performed linkage analysis for TG/HDL-C ratio in the Framingham Heart Study data as a quantitative trait, using methods implemented in LINKAGE, GENEHUNTER (GH), MCLINK, and SOLAR. Results were compared to each other and to those from a previous evaluation using SOLAR for TG/HDL-C ratio on this sample. We also investigated linked pedigrees in each region using by-pedigree analysis. Fourteen regions with at least suggestive linkage evidence were identified, including some that may increase and some that may decrease coronary risk. Ten of the 14 regions were identified by more than one analysis, and several of these regions were not previously detected. The best regions identified for each method were on chromosomes 2 (LOD = 2.29, MCLINK), 5 (LOD = 2.65, GH), 7 (LOD = 2.67, SOLAR), and 22 (LOD = 3.37, LINKAGE). By-pedigree multi-point LOD values in MCLINK showed linked pedigrees for all five regions, ranging from 3 linked pedigrees (chromosome 5) to 14 linked pedigrees (chromosome 7), and suggested localizations of between 9 cM and 27 cM in size. Reasonable concordance was found across analysis methods. No single method identified all regions, either by full sample LOD or with by-pedigree analysis. Concordance across methods appeared better at the pedigree level, with many regions showing by-pedigree support in MCLINK when no evidence was observed in the full sample. Thus, investigating by-pedigree linkage evidence may provide a useful tool for evaluating linkage regions.
Studying the brain: Complexities at every level

I have no doubt that in reality the future will be vastly more surprising than anything I can imagine. Now my own suspicion is that the Universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.
Guillain-Barré in a 10-month-old: diagnostic challenges in a pediatric emergency.

A 10-month-old male infant presented to the emergency department (ED) with a chief complaint of weakness, decreased mobility, and regression of motor milestones over a period of 6 days. Significant medical history included a Roseola infection 5 weeks before ED presentation. The patient's pediatrician and chiropractor had both previously diagnosed the patient with strains and sprains. After progression of symptoms, the patient presented to the ED and was discharged home to follow up as an outpatient. The patient subsequently returned to the ED and was admitted to neurology with concern for Guillain-Barre syndrome, which was later confirmed after inpatient workup. The patient was successfully treated and released. Guillain-Barre represents a spectrum of acute immune mediated polyneuropathies. There are several variant forms provoked by infection that precedes the onset of symptoms. Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barre in the ED will be reviewed, along with the importance of early pediatric intensive care involvement for children presenting with signs of flaccid quadriparesis; rapidly progressive weakness; impending respiratory failure; bulbar palsy; and, most importantly, autonomic cardiovascular instability. Guillain-Barre is rare in children younger than 2 years; however, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient who presents with progressive weakness and history of a recent infection. It is important to recognize the variety and severity of neurologic symptoms associated with Guillain-Barre across a spectrum, especially with the diagnostic difficulties associated with the pediatric population.
Sensitivity of generation reserve requirements in deregulated power systems

Since demand for power exhibits great variability the amount of firm energy to be purchased to meet real time demand based on forecasts is usually different from the realized demand for that period. The role of generation reserves is to meet the real time fluctuations of power demand. The predictable part of the demand is met through purchases of firm energy. In this paper a model is presented to determine optimal quantities of firm energy and generation reserves to meet random demands. The model is then parameterized introducing a set of factors to perform a sensitivity study. A full factorial experiment is designed to study the impact of five factors on the response variable (i.e., proportion of generation reserves on the total purchased quantity). An example consisting of 640 simulations corresponding to 25 treatment combinations evaluated over 20 randomly generated mean demands is used to identify significant factors on the response variable. Results from the experiment suggest that generation reserve requirements should be adjusted considering changes in significant factors and in the mean demand over the dispatch interval.
Farm-Level Management of Deep Percolation Emissions in Irrigated Agriculture

: Source control costs for deep percolation emissions from irrigated agriculture are analyzed using a farm-level model. Crop area, irrigation system and applied water are chosen to maximize the net benefits of agricultural production while accounting for the environmental damages and disposal costs of those emissions. Deep percolation is progressively reduced as environmental and disposal costs are increased. This occurs primarily through the adoption of more efficient irrigation technology and reductions in applied water for a given technology Higher surface water prices, such as through irrigation reform and constrained surface supplies, are additionally considered in light of the drainage problem, as are the effects, both short- and long-term, on ground water use.
Targeted Deletion of Jun/AP-1 in Alveolar Epithelial Cells Causes Progressive Emphysema and Worsens Cigarette Smoke–Induced Lung Inflammation

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appears to occur slowly and progressively over many years, with both genetic factors and environmental modifiers contributing to its pathogenesis. Although the c-Jun/activator protein 1 transcriptional factor regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses, its role in lung pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, we report decreased expression levels of c-Jun mRNA and protein in the lung tissues of patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the genetic deletion of c-Jun specifically in alveolar epithelial cells causes progressive emphysema with lung inflammation and alveolar air space enlargement, which are cardinal features of emphysema. Although mice lacking c-Jun specifically in lung alveolar epithelial cells appear normal at the age of 6 weeks, when exposed to long-term cigarette smoke, c-Jun–mutant mice display more lung inflammation with perivascular and peribronchiolar infiltrates compared with controls. These results demonstrate that the c-Jun/activator protein 1 pathway is critical for maintaining lung alveolar cell homeostasis and that loss of its expression can contribute to lung inflammation and progressive emphysema.
N6-(delta2-isopentenyl)adenosine, an inhibitor of cellular transport of uridine and cytidine.

N6(Δ2-Isopentenyl)adenosine (IPAR) inhibited severely the incorporation of uridine and cytidine into S-180 cells in culture. When IPAR and the nucleosides were simultaneously present in the medium the inhibition was competitive (Ki 3.4 mM) and indicated inhibition of transport. However, the inhibition occurred even in the absence of extracellular IPAR if the cells had been preincubated with IPAR. Since 5′-IPAMP was the product which accumulated in large quantities in S-180 cells when incubated with IPAR, the effects of this AMP analog on the intracellular metabolism of uridine had to be considered. No direct correlation between the amount of intracellular IPAMP and the degree of inhibition of uridine utilization was observed and the relative distribution of uridine nucleotides in the acid soluble pool of the cells was unaltered in cells treated with IPAR. Also, IPAMP was not an inhibitor of uridine kinase in a cell free system nor was the activity of this enzyme affected by treatment of cells with IPAR. In addition, a profound inhibition of uridine utilization was also observed in a resistant subline of S-180 cells, which is unable to form IPAMP. These data suggest that IPAMP was not the inhibitory agent. Furthermore, the observation that the inhibition in both sensitive and resistant cells was caused even by a 15-second exposure to 100 mM IPAR, followed by rinsing, suggests that IPAR itself is the effective agent. It is concluded that IPAR exerts its inhibitory effect on uridine and cytidine utilization by becoming lodged in the cell membrane and thereby preventing the passage of these nucleosides into the cells. It is also shown that the inhibition of uridine and cytidine utilization by IPAR and by other potent nucleoside uptake inhibitors is unrelated to inhibition of growth or of RNA-synthesis when the cells do not depend on an extracellular source of a nucleoside for growth.
Refractory submillimeter Josephson effect sources

Niobium Josephson effect array oscillators have been fabricated and tested. These devices deliver about 1 mu W of power in the submillimeter-wave range to 20-60 Omega load resistors. The present upper frequency limit of about 500 GHz appears to be set by losses in the superconducting microstrip. Data on the submillimeter-wave surface impedance of the niobium microstrip and details of the trilayer junction processing, which gives value of V/sub m/ at 2 K up to 800 mV, are presented.
Skin Resurfacing of the Face with the Erbium:YAG Laser

background. Laser resurfacing of facial skin is a very popular method of rhytide and scar removal. Until recently, the most effective tool utilized for these purposes was the pulsed char-free carbon dioxide laser. These lasers, however, produce thermal damage related to prolonged wound healing. The Erbium (Er): YAG laser, with its 2940-nm wavelength and maximal water absorption, has been recently introduced for laser resurfacing of the facial skin. objective. In this study, specific parameters for Er:YAG laser treatment of rhytides were evaluated clinically and histologically. methods. Fifteen patients were treated with the Er:YAG laser. Perioral, periorbital, and total face rhytides were treated. All patients were treated with 0.8–1.0 J, 5-mm spot size, with the final fluences of 4–5 J/cm2. Patients were evaluated daily after treatment for 7 days and weekly for 2 months for erythema, healing time, improvement, and pigmentary changes. Histologic evaluation of preauricular human facial ex vivo skin was done to determine the penetration of multiple passes of Er:YAG laser in human facial skin. results. All patients showed some degree of improvement of their rhytides. Reepithelialization occurred between 3 and 8 days. All evidence of erythema resolved between 3 and 6 weeks after treatment. The level of tissue ablation was determined to be down to: the granular layer after one pass; to the basal cell layer after two passes, to the papillary dermis after three to four passes, and deeper into the papillary and superficial reticular dermis after five to six passes. conclusion. The Er.YAG laser plays a significant role in the treatment of superficial and mid-depth rhytides.
Influence of concentration on the viscosity of sodium thymonucleate solutions

1A viscometer to which variable pressures may be applied is shown to be convenient for measuring viscosities of sodium thymonucleate (NaTN). 2The viscosities of solutions of NaTN investigated vary with velocity gradient. All of the solutions obey the empirical equation: where p is the average pressure on the solutions during the outflow time, t. A is used to calculate what are believed to be characteristic relative viscosities. 3The viscosity of solutions of alcohol precipitable NaTN is found to depend on the concentration according to the equation: Our preparation of NaTN gives values of 11.1 dl./g. and 0.24 for [η] and k″, respectively. 4The viscosity of NaTN solutions not easily precipitable depends on the concentration according to the equation: Our values for [η] and k′ are 21.8 dl./g. and 0.26, respectively. 5The viscous behavior of NaTN is discussed in the light of modernP polymer theory.
TOURISM AND CRIME IN THE CARIBBEAN

Abstract This study reviews the general literature on tourism and crime and the recent history of violent and property crime in several Caribbean destinations. It highlights the failure of most previous research to discriminate crimes against tourists vs. residents. Annual crime data for Barbados for 1989–93 are analyzed and reveal that overall guest victimization rates are higher than host rates. Residents are significantly more likely to be victimized by violent crime while tourists are significantly more likely to experience property crime and robbery. Monthly data on guest victimization for 1990–93 show similar patterns. The paper concludes with a number of measures to enhance tourist safety.
Neutrophil Migration across Tight Junctions Is Mediated by Adhesive Interactions between Epithelial Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor and a Junctional Adhesion Molecule-like Protein on Neutrophils

Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMN]) transepithelial migration during inflammatory episodes involves a complex series of adhesive interactions and signaling events. Previous studies have...
Paddock‐scale patterns of seed production and dispersal in the invasive shrub Acacia nilotica (Mimosaceae) in northern Australian rangelands

Paddock-scale Acacia nilotica L. Willd. ex Del. (prickly acacia) spatial distribution, seed production and dispersal patterns were investigated in the Astrebla (Mitchell) grasslands of northern Australia as a step toward predicting future patterns of invasion. A number of hypotheses were tested based on what we know of this species in both Australia and regions where it is native, for example South Africa. It was hypothesized that most A. nilotica seeds would be produced by trees in riparian habitats with access to permanent water. In addition, we predicted that seeds would be dispersed throughout the Astrebla grassland landscape by cattle, following observations that cattle readily ingest and pass seeds and that cattle have access to all areas within paddock boundary fences. Tree density, seed production and seed dispersal by cattle were measured along a series of transects from permanent watering points to paddock boundary fences. Trees associated with permanent watering points produced more seeds per unit area and occurred at higher density than their non-riparian counterparts. The importance of riparian trees decreased in years with high rainfall and in paddocks with only small areas of riparian habitat. Cattle spread dung and seeds throughout paddocks, with peaks of deposition adjacent to permanent watering points. These results suggest that invasion patterns are likely to be uneven across the landscape and may be reactive to climate. High seedling recruitment and possible thicket formation is expected adjacent to permanent watering points and wherever cattle congregate. Patterns of recruitment in non-riparian areas are likely to be relatively sparse. The importance of post-dispersal factors in determining recruitment patterns is discussed.
Using complexity to promote group learning in health care

Rationale Multidisciplinary groups are common in the health care arena, from operating teams to mental health treatment groups to guideline development groups. Differences among group members in information, background, training and skills can potentially help groups reach good decisions and complete complex tasks in variable circumstances. Too often, however, differences in values, status and preferences prevent these groups from achieving the potential benefits of diversity, marooning them instead in an unproductive fixed state. Aim Drawing on the literature on diversity and complex adaptive systems, we discuss how to improve the functioning of multidisciplinary groups by increasing the spontaneous flow of information and energy to shift groups into the complex state. Conclusion Differentiation needs to be balanced by integration. Differences that pose obstacles need to be transformed into gradients to achieve complex self-organization and effective group coordination.
Eighteenth Century ‘Prize Negroes’: From Britain to America

Eighteenth-century Anglo-American prize systems were highly organised enterprises for the provision of coerced labour. Offering whites opportunities to participate in a lucrative market, they extended the reach of American slavery beyond the shores of the Americas, reinforced slavery in North America and greatly limited opportunities for freedom for black seamen. Although Americans desired that their new nation provide greater individual liberty, the American prize system applied the same presumption – that captured black mariners were slaves – as had its British predecessor, resulting in the sale of hundreds of black seamen into slavery.
Timely detection of coordination requirements to support collaboration among software developers

Work dependencies often exist between the developers of a software project. These dependencies frequently result in a need for coordination between the involved developers. However, developers are not always aware of these Coordination Requirements. Current methods which detect the need to coordinate rely on information which is available only after development work has been completed. This does not enable developers to act on their coordination needs. I have investigated a more timely method to determine Coordination Requirements in a software development team as they emerge.
Expectation-maximization for Bayes-adaptive POMDPs

Bayes-adaptive POMDPs (BAPOMDPs) are partially observable Markov decision problems in which uncertainty in the state-transition and observation-emission probabilities can be captured by a prior distribution over the model parameters. Existing approaches to solving BAPOMDPs rely on model and trajectory sampling to guide exploration and, because of the curse of dimensionality, do not scale well when the degree of model uncertainty is large. In this paper, we begin by presenting two expectation-maximization (EM) approaches to solving BAPOMPs via finite-state controller (FSC) optimization, which at their foundation are extensions of existing EM algorithms for BAMDPs to the more general BAPOMDP setting. The first is a sampling-based EM algorithm that optimizes over a finite number of models drawn from the BAPOMDP prior, and as such is only appropriate for smaller problems with limited model uncertainty; the second approach leverages variational Bayesian methods to ensure tractability without sampling, and is most appropriate for larger domains with greater model uncertainty. Our primary novel contribution is the derivation of the constrained VB-EM algorithm, which addresses an unfavourable preference that often arises towards a certain class of policies when applying the standard VB-EM algorithm. Through an empirical study we show that the sampling-based EM algorithm is competitive with more conventional sampling-based approaches in smaller domains, and that our novel constrained VB-EM algorithm can generate quality solutions in larger domains where sampling-based approaches are no longer viable.
Sliding-mode control of brushless dc motor

Brushless de motor (BLDC motor) is ,In attractive option for variable speed applications. It is more robust than the de motor and the performance is comparable to the de motor. Sliding mode control may be applied to the control of BLDC motor as presented in this paper.
CALIBRATING RISK PREFERENCES WITH GENERALIZED CAPM BASED ON MIXED CVAR DEVIATION

The generalized Capital Asset Pricing Model based on mixed CVaR deviation is used for calibrating risk preferences of investors protecting investments in S&P500 by means of options. The corresponding new generalized beta is designed to capture tail performance of S&P500 returns. Calibration is done by extracting information about risk preferences from option prices on S&P500. Actual market option prices are matched with the estimated prices from the pricing equation based on the generalized beta. In addition to the risk preferences, an optimal allocation to a portfolio of options for the considered group of investors is calculated. I Introduction The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM, see Sharpe (1964), Linther (1965), Mossin (1966), Treynor (1961, 1962)) after its foundation in the 1960’s became one of the most popular methodologies for estimation of returns of securities and explanation of their combined behavior. This model assumes that all investors want to minimize risk of their investments, and all investors measure risk by the standard deviation of return. The model implies that all optimal portfolios are mixtures of the Market Fund and risk free instrument. The Market Fund is commonly approximated by some stock market index, such as S&P500. An important practical application of the CAPM model is the possibility to calculate hedged portfolios uncorrelated with the market. To reduce the risk of a portfolio, an investor can include additional securities and hedge market risk. The risk of the portfolio in terms of CAPM model is measured by “beta”. The value of beta for every security or portfolio is proportional to the correlation between its return and market return. This follows from the assumption that investors have risk attitudes expressed with the standard deviation (volatility). The hedging is designed to reduce portfolio beta with the idea to protect the portfolio in case of a market downturn. However, beta is just a scaled correlation with the market and there is no guarantee that hedges will cover
Toward Justice: Neuroscience and Affirmative Defenses at the ICC

Abstract The International Criminal Court has institutionalized the concept of individual responsibility for human rights violations. The jurisprudence of international criminal law has developed along with the institution. Affirmative defenses in the mitigation of punishment or avoidance of responsibility are becoming increasingly important in international criminal procedure. We contend that diminished culpability based on advances in neuroscience provides the most challenging set of choices for the international legal community. Of the variety of affirmative defenses, emerging neuroscience-based defense provide the most challenging set of choices for the international legal community. The Esad Landzo case at the ICTY brings these challenges into focus. We discuss the difficult choices the International Criminal Court will have to make to balance the rights and needs of the victims and the due process rights of the accused.
Fast Online Set Intersection for Network Processing on FPGA

Online set intersection operations have been widely used in network processing tasks, such as Quality of Service differentiation, firewall processing, and packet/traffic classification. The major challenge for online set intersection is to sustain line-rate processing speed; accelerating set intersection using state-of-the-art hardware devices is of great interest to the research community. In this paper, we present a novel high-performance set intersection approach on FPGA. In our approach, each element in any set is represented by a combination of Group ID (GID) and Bit Stride (BS); all the sets are intersected using linear merge techniques and bitwise AND operations. We map our online set intersection algorithm onto hardware; this is done by constructing modular Processing Element (PE) and concatenating multiple PEs into a tree-based parallel architecture. In order to improve the throughput on a state-of-the-art FPGA, we feed all the inputs to FPGA in a streaming fashion with the help of the synchronization GIDs. Post place-and-route results show that, for a typical set intersection problem in network processing, our design can intersect $\text{eight}$ sets, each of up to $32$ K elements, at a throughput of $47.4$ Thousand Intersections Per Second (KIPS) and a latency of $94.8\,\mu$ s per batch of inputs. Compared to the classic linear merge or bitwise AND techniques on state-of-the-art multi-core processors, our designs on FPGA achieves up to $66\times$ throughput improvement and $80\times$ latency reduction.
Consumer Complaint Intentions and Behavior: Definitional and Taxonomical Issues:

Researchers and practitioners recently have given increasing attention to the antecedents and consequences of postpurchase consumer complaint intentions and behaviors. Issues pertaining to the natu...
The Liberation of Formaldehyde Gas from Solution by Means of Potassium Permanganate

Several years ago, the writer, while studying the action of formaldehyde on camphoroxime, accidentally brought some methyl alcoholic solution of formaldehyde in contact with powdered potassium permanganate. The result was a violent explosion. A short time later the experiment was repeated, using methyl and ethyl alcoholic solutions of formaldehyde and also with the common 40 per cent aqueus solution. The results were not at all as expected. Instead of a violent explosion, a vigorous reaction took place, producing a large amount of heat and liberating formaldehyde gas. At the time these experiments were made, formaldehyde was not used extensively for disinfecting purposes, so that the chief interest in the reaction centered about the amount of heat produced. A great number of calorimetric determinations were made. The results, however, were not entirely satisfactory. Variable results were obtained, although experiments were exactly duplicated. Early in these calorimetric determinations it was observed that when the form-
The effect of overlearning on relearning following a confusion phase

After either criterion learning or overlearning of a concept, 11 male college students, in two experiments, received a series of “confusion” trials designed to induce them to abandon their learned mode of response. Following this phase without break, S was required to relearn the concept. Overlearning facilitated relearning.
Beetle Response to Slash Pines Treated with Paraquat to Induce Lightwood Formation

Six families of beetles (Coleoptera) were found in traps placed around slash pine trees treated with Paraquat to artificially induce lightwood formation. Scolytid beetles, represented by 4 genera, were the most abundant. Application method and Paraquat concentration significantly affected ( P <0.05) trap catches of some Scolytidae and Curculionidae.
Some further evidence on imprisonment vs. the death penalty as a deterrent to murder

The research reported here extends an earlier investigation (Bailey, 1977) on the deterrent effect of imprisonment versus the death penalty for murder. As a result of some questions that have been raised about the use of stepwise regression in the earlier study, and how the possible problems associated with this analysis technique may have biased the earlier findings for the sanction and sociodemographic control variables, I reexamined the data using ordinary least-squares regression procedures. As before, multiple models of the sanction-offense-rate relationship are considered in a cross-sectional analysis of the deterrence hypothesis for imprisonment and executions for states for 1950 and 1960. This reanalysis also provides no support for the deterrence hypothesis for the certainty of execution and the severity of imprisonment. In addition, only partial support is found for the deterrence argument for the certainty of imprisonment, with this factor being significantly related with homicide rates in 1950, but not in 1960. The reduced level of imprisonment for homicide in 1960 is examined as a possible explanation for these mixed findings for the certainty of imprisonment.
Why We All Should Learn to Dance

(2007). Why We All Should Learn to Dance. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 3-48.
58 HIGHER PRESENTATION ACUITY AND MEDICAL COMORBIDITIES LIMIT UTILIZATION OF EARLY INVASIVE THERAPIES IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH CARDIOGENIC SHOCK, DECREASING SURVIVAL TO HOSPITAL DISCHARGE

Background Although early invasive therapies are beneficial in myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS), the interaction between clinical factors, selection for angiography and mortality is unclear. Current treatment patterns and predictors of early mortality in CS were investigated via retrospective cohort analysis. Methods Data from 181 patients admitted for MI with CS over 54 months at 2 tertiary care centers were compiled and analyzed via multivariate logistic regression. CS, identified by DRG code and adjudicated by chart review, was defined as sustained peri-infarct SBP Results 56.9% of patients survived to hospital discharge. 84.0% patients underwent angiography, 37.6% patients received IABP support and 69.1% patients were revascularized (53.6% PCI, 15.5% CABG). Deferral of angiography (O.R. 2.56, p = .037), presenting SBP ≤ 100 (O.R. 2.16, p = .030), any SBP ≤ 70 (O.R. 134.8, p Conclusions Deferral of angiography was more likely in patients with earlier onset of hypotension, prior CABG, CHF or pressor needs, which in turn was strongly predictive of early mortality. This suggests that selection bias may limit utilization of life-saving therapies in the most critically ill patients, who have the most adverse prognosis overall.
A Point of View on Dietary Management of Hyperlipidemia

The description of dietary management for treating hyperlipidemia in the previous paper by Valerie McGuire makes several important points I wish to emphasize. You are aware that conditions at Saint Michaels Hospital are close to ideal. Both the facilities and the time available are adequate for the necessary activities.
Settling of the maritime boundaries of the United States: Cost of settlement and the benefits of legal certainty

Abstract 1 The United States has the largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world by virtue of its long coastlines and multiple dependencies in the Caribbean and the Pacific Oceans. As a result it shares 27 maritime boundaries with 20 different states and dependencies. This paper analyzes how the United States settled 10 contested maritime boundaries between 1977 and until 1997, but has since then left 17 unresolved maritime boundaries. It advances the argument that in this area of relatively low salience for the United States' foreign policy, political and economic transaction costs are key variables in explaining the pattern of settlement.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients With Depression Decreases the Need for Outpatient Visits.

OBJECTIVE To determine if the use of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with a history of 2 or more episodes of major depressive disorder and other mood disorders will decrease the need for medication management and other interventions and will also decrease the need for outpatient services and the overall cost of treatment. METHODS The study patients completed MBCT group sessions between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013. Patients who had 2 or more episodes of major depressive disorder (recurrent MDD) were categorized into a group. The remaining patients with other mood disorders were placed in a comparison group. The mean differences in drug treatments and hospital utilizations between the recurrent MDD and nonrecurrent MDD group were compared. Wald P values and 95% CIs were obtained for both adjusted and unadjusted estimated mean differences. Covariates were adjusted for age at start of MBCT, gender, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 142 patients (93 recurrent MDD and 49 others). There was no significant difference in the effect of MBCT on medication changes between recurrent MDD patients and nonrecurrent MDD patients. Recurrent MDD patients who participated in MBCT experienced reduction in all calls and visits (P = .0068) and less psychiatric visits (P = .0026) in the year after MBCT when compared with the visits before the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This study evaluated the effectiveness of MBCT in reducing the need for additional psychiatric services. The study evaluated patients who received MBCT over 3 years and demonstrated that MBCT decreased the need for care regardless of medication changes. The results raise the question of whether MBCT allows patients to respond to situations more skillfully or if MBCT itself decreases depressive symptoms. The limitations of this study include a small sample size, patient selection, and its design as a retrospective study. However, this study may have implications as a treatment strategy that may be generalizable to other clinics and patient populations.
Optical damage performance of conductive widegap semiconductors: spatial, temporal, and lifetime modeling

The optical damage performance of electrically conductive gallium nitride (GaN) and indium tin oxide (ITO) films is addressed using large area, high power laser beam exposures at 1064 nm sub-bandgap wavelength. Analysis of the laser damage process assumes that onset of damage (threshold) is determined by the absorption and heating of a nanoscale region of a characteristic size reaching a critical temperature. This model is used to rationalize semi-quantitatively the pulse width scaling of the damage threshold from picosecond to nanosecond timescales, along with the pulse width dependence of the damage threshold probability derived by fitting large beam damage density data. Multi-shot exposures were used to address lifetime performance degradation described by an empirical expression based on the single exposure damage model. A damage threshold degradation of at least 50% was observed for both materials. Overall, the GaN films tested had 5-10 × higher optical damage thresholds than the ITO films tested for comparable transmission and electrical conductivity. The route to optically robust, large aperture transparent electrodes and power optoelectronics may thus involve use of next generation widegap semiconductors such as GaN.
Video-Based Grocery Shopping Intervention Effect on Purchasing Behaviors Among Latina Shoppers.

Objectives. To compare changes in food-purchasing knowledge, self-efficacy, and behavior after viewing nutrition education videos among Los Angeles, California Latinas responsible for household grocery shopping.Methods. From February to May 2015, a convenience sample of 113 Latinas watched 1 video (El Carrito Saludable) featuring MyPlate guidelines applied to grocery shopping (1-video intervention) and another convenience sample of 105 Latinas watched 2 videos (El Carrito Saludable and Ser Consciente), the latter featuring mindfulness to support attention and overcome distractions while grocery shopping (2-video intervention). We administered questionnaires before and after intervention. A preselected sample in each intervention condition (n = 72) completed questionnaires at 2-months after intervention and provided grocery receipts (before and 2-months after intervention).Results. Knowledge improved in both intervention groups (P < .001). The 2-video group improved more in self-efficacy and use of a shopp...
The Adult Career Concerns Inventory: Validity and Reliability

The validity and reliability of the Adult Career Concerns Inventory were explored based on data provided by 104 graduate nursing students.
Charting Directions for Research on Immigrant Children Affected by Undocumented Status

Three groups of children from Mexico and Central America are vulnerable to effects of U.S. immigration policies: (1) foreign-born children who entered the United States with undocumented immigrant parents; (2) unaccompanied children who entered the United States alone; and (3) U.S.-born citizen-children of undocumented immigrant parents. Despite the recent demographic growth of these youth, scholarship on their strengths and challenges is under-theorized and isolated within specific disciplines. Hence, service providers, researchers, and policymakers have insufficient research to inform their efforts to support the children’s well-being. A group of scholars and service providers with expertise in immigrant children convened to establish consensus areas and identify gaps in knowledge of undocumented, unaccompanied, and citizen-children of undocumented immigrant parents. The primary goal was to establish a research agenda that increases interdisciplinary collaborations, informs clinical practice, and influe...
Speaking Truth to Power: Du Bois as Educator and Community Activist.

This article uses W. E. B. Du Bois's work as an education and community activist to discuss race, oppression, and speaking-back to power in this time of racialized policies enacted by the Trump administration. This article centers a comparative discussion of the racialization of democracy by presidents Wilson and Trump to show the ways Du Bois was responding to similar political issues and how his work can be used to speak to the current political moment.
Morbidity and mortality associated with preclinical tracheostomy models.

Objectives/Hypothesis A secure airway is critical to study obstructive disorders of the larynx and trachea in preclinical models. Tracheostomy has been described in rabbits, swine, canines, and other mammals using tracheostomy tubes or permanent stomas. No studies specifically evaluated morbidity and mortality associated with these models, and existing studies using tracheostomy make little mention of tracheostomy-related complications. We assessed the management, complications, and mortality associated with tracheostomy in a rabbit model that has recently gained significant attention. Study Design In vivo. Methods Twenty-two female rabbits underwent tubeless tracheotomy. Rabbits were monitored hourly for the first 8 hours, with progressively increasing intervals between evaluations up to 7 days. A suctioning and tracheal moisture protocol was employed, and animals with signs of crusting or impending airway compromise underwent therapeutic bronchoscopy. Results Nine of 22 (41%) rabbits succumbed to tracheostomy-related complications, ranging from 1 to 7 days after tracheotomy. The experiment consisted of two study groups. The preliminary group of 10 rabbits studied over a 4-day period had 40% mortality. After implementing modified preventive therapy guidelines and a new humidification system, the second group of 12 rabbits studied over a 7-day period had 42% mortality. Average time to unrecoverable complication was 2.2 days (median = 2 days). Cause of death was airway obstruction in four animals and respiratory depression in three animals, and two animals were found unresponsive. Conclusion Tracheostomy in preclinical rabbit models should be temporally limited, and investigators should anticipate tracheostomy-related complications during study design. Level of Evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 2017
In-Game Health Communication: Delivering Low-Fear Health Messages in a Low-Fear Videogame.

Abstract Objective: Prior research has demonstrated that psychological immersion (or “transportation”) into virtual gaming worlds can heighten influence from health-promotion messages embedded in the backgrounds of gaming scenes. However, research to date has only studied the effectiveness of embedding graphic, fear-based messages in the background of violent, first-person videogames. This study sought to examine whether transportation into a nonviolent videogame can heighten persuasion from low-fear, nongraphic health messages. Methods: Willingness to drive under the influence of alcohol (DUI) was measured in an undergraduate sample (MAGE = 19) at the start of the semester, and n = 220 returned 0–3 months later to play a car-racing videogame. All were randomly assigned to play either a version of the game containing background billboards that delivered simple, text-based anti-DUI messages or consumer advertising. Self-reported levels of transportation were assessed, as well as postgame willingness to DUI...