cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of ultrafiltration membranes in ethanol–water solutions: effect of membrane conditioning

Abstract Several commercial polymeric ultrafiltration membranes were screened for their performance with aqueous ethanol solutions. The method of conditioning the membrane has a major effect on solvent flux, membrane integrity and their pressure ratings. Gradual solvent exchange with successively higher concentrations increased in small doses appears to work best with completely miscible solvents such as those studied here (ethanol–water mixtures). Rapid solvent exchange between water and high concentrations of alcohol disrupts the polymer matrix in many cases. The Darcy model was used to correlate the data and it indicated that viscosity differences of the ethanol solutions could account for part of the variations in solvent flux with some membranes. Exposure to organic solvents significantly reduces the pressure rating of the membranes. Several membranes that provided acceptable rejection of ethanol-soluble proteins at low pressures (138 kPa, 20 psi) lose its properties at higher pressures (413 kPa, 60 psi) if conditioned incorrectly, and vice versa.
Behind the ‘Great Firewall’: Decoding China's Internet Media Policies from the Inside

This study examines China's current internet media policy in terms of the nature of the policy, the policymaking process, major forces driving the policy and future trends. Through face-to-face, in-depth interviews of 19 high-ranking Chinese policymakers, this study provides unusual insight on these issues from an inside perspective. A ‘push and control’ internet policy suggests that the leadership has relaxed in its ideological claims, yet still wants to control online content. China has also shifted the media policymaking process from the Party to government operation. The Party's road map for economic prosperity has been a key driving force in this shift and ensures that internet policy is heading in a positive direction, though it is not straightforward. Finally, the policymakers’ attitudes toward the new media and value transformation have had a significant influence on policy formation. The study proved premises from both communication and development and media dependency theories with regard to the...
Transport of proteins and sulfated mucopolysaccharides in the goldfish visual system.

SUMMARY "-Proline, "H-asparagine and Na2W04 have been found to be highly specific markers for axonal transport in the goldfish visual system. The amino acids label both rapidly and slowly transported proteins while the 35S is recovered mainly with the rapidly transported materials, including protein-bound mucopolysaccharides. These precursors have been used to study the rate of transport, the subcellular distribution and the rate of turnover of transported proteins in the nerve terminals.
Towards more empathic medical students: a medical student hospitalization experience

Objective We designed a curricular exercise intended toexpose healthy medical students, near the end of theirbasic science training, to the experience of hospitaliza-tion. We attempted to assess how a standardized hos-pitalization, for medical students just about to starttheir clinical rotations, was experienced by studentparticipants.Design A qualitative observational design was used,both to explore the perceptions of the hospitalizedstudents and to generate hypotheses for further explo-ration.Setting University and afﬁliated hospitals.Participants Second-year medical students, towards theend of their basic science training.Outcome measures Qualitative assessment of hospital-ization experience.Results Among key themes expressed by student par-ticipants were the following: they felt a profound loss ofprivacy; they found the nursing staff to be caring,attentive and professional, and repeatedly commentedabout how much time the nurses took to talk and listento them and to take a complete history; in contrast theywere particularly upset about the distance and coldnessthey felt from the medical staff; they expect thisexperience to affect their own future practice asphysicians. When asked how this might change theirattitudes in the future, students’ comments generallyreﬂected a primary concern with improving the humanaspects of the patient experience.Conclusions Student participants in a standardizedinpatient hospitalization generally experienced strongfeelings about issues of privacy, and about interactionswith medical and nursing staff, which they expect tohave an important impact on their own professionaldevelopment.Keywords Curriculum; education medical under-graduate, *methods; *hospitalization; patient satisfaction;professional competence; students.Medical Education 2002;36:528–533
Reduced state correlations of the enskog modulus for gases and liquids

The Enskog modulus, bρ x, has been subjected to a generalized treatment to develop reduced state correlations for nonpolar and polar substances that exhibit hydrogen bonding. These correlations present relationships between 1 + bρx and ρR, the reduced density. For nonpolar substances, the PVT data of argon, nitrogen, methane, ethane, and carbon dioxide were used for the development of these relationships, which were found to depend on zc, the critical compressibility factor. PVT data for ammonia, methyl alcohol, and water yielded a different correlation, which is applicable to polar substances which exhibit hydrogen bonding. These relationships were found to depend on the parameter, β = (Tb-Tm)/M, which quantitatively describes the extent of hydrogen bonding for polar compounds.
STUDY OF ηc PRODUCED IN γγ INTERACTIONS AT CLEO

Using the CLEO detector at CESR we have analyzed 13.4fb-1 of e+e- interactions which have yielded approximately 300 events from the process From this data sample we have obtained measurements of the ηc mass [2980.4±2.3(stat)±0.6(syst)] MeV and its total decay width [27.0±5.8(stat)±1.4(syst)] MeV. Furthermore, we have measured two-photon partial width of ηc to be [7.6±0.8(stat)±0.4(sys)±2.3(br)] keV, where the last error is due to the uncertainty of .
Equation partitioning techniques for solving partial equilibrium models

Abstract This paper describes three approaches to formulating and solving partial equilibrium models. These models have markedly different designs and solution procedures. This paper shows how the solution techniques for these models are related and examines the interaction of the design and the solution procedure for each model. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize in one place the techniques that have been used to solve large, complex energy models.
Infected cell specific protein and viral DNA synthesis in productive and abortive infections of Spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus

This study examines viral protein and DNA synthesis inSpodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SfMNPV) infections ofS. frugiperda andTrichoplusia ni cells. A total of 28 infected cell specific polypeptides (ICSPs) were detected in the productiveS.frugiperda cells. Of these, 14 were identified as structural polypeptides. Based on the change in their rate of synthesis during the replication cycle, these ICSPs were grouped into four classes. Only a 97k and a 29k ICSP were detected in SfMNPV infections ofT.ni cells. Inhibition of host protein synthesis occurred in productive infections only, beginning at 10h postinfection (p.i.) and reaching maximal levels by 20 h p.i. The rate of viral DNA synthesis in the productive cells was maximal between 8 to 16 h postinfection, and only low levels of viral DNA were synthesized inT.ni cells. The data suggest that the productive SfMNPV/S.frugiperda cell infection has a gene expression program similar but not identical to that ofAutographa californica MNPV infections. The SfMNPV/T.ni cell infection is nonpermissive and is restricted at the earliest phase of the viral gene expression program.
A dyadic approach to information mediation at work: Examining credibility and value perceptions.

In daily interaction, workers play the dual role of information seekers and mediators by receiving or providing advice on how to find and use information. Using an online diary method, this study examines the dynamic and interactive process of information mediation focusing on (1) what factors influence how workers perceive the credibility of advice, (2) what factors influence how they perceive the value of the information mediation process, and (3) how their credibility perception impacts the value perception, depending on whether they receive or provide advice. The results show that, when receiving advice, credibility and value perceptions were almost exclusively influenced by the nature of the task for which the advice was needed. When providing advice, those perceptions were affected by more diverse factors including advice type and tenure. Furthermore, the relationship between credibility and value perceptions showed a marked difference depending on whether a person received or provided advice.
The Role of Leucine in Weight Loss Diets and Glucose Homeostasis

Debate about the optimum balance of macronutrients for adult weight maintenance or weight loss continues to expand. Often this debate centers on the relative merits or risks of carbohydrates vs. fats; however, there is increasing interest in the optimal level of dietary protein for weight loss. Diets with a reduced ratio of carbohydrates/protein are reported to be beneficial for weight loss, although diet studies appear to lack a fundamental hypothesis to support higher protein intakes. Presently, needs for dietary proteins are established by the recommended daily allowance (RDA) as the minimum level of protein necessary to maintain nitrogen balance. The RDA define the primary use of amino acids as substrates for synthesis of body proteins. There is emerging evidence that additional metabolic roles for some amino acids require plasma and intracellular levels above minimum needs for protein synthesis. The branched-chain amino acid leucine is an example of an amino acid with numerous metabolic roles that function in proportion with cellular concentration. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of metabolic roles of leucine and proposes a metabolic framework to evaluate the merits of a higher protein diet for weight loss.
Modeling of nine-phase interior permanent magnet machines (IPM) including harmonic effects

This paper presents the modeling of the nine-phase interior permanent magnet machine (IPM) with and without damper windings for the clear understanding of its advantages such as fault tolerant and torque ripple reduction. This includes the influence of the higher order magneto-motive force (MMF) harmonics of the stator windings and the buried magnets for the improvement of the torque capability of the machine through injection of corresponding stator harmonic currents. The inductances are determined using the concept of winding functions for exact computer simulation based calculation and using Fourier components of the stator windings and the magnet flux for achieving closed-form expressions for the fundamental, third, fifth and the seventh harmonic components. Further analysis of the q-d equations of the nine-phase machine also shows the presence of low impedance circuits which could be excited under fault conditions signaling the detrimental effects of fault conditions on the multi-phase machines which may be avoided/reduced when the machine is connected into various three-phase sets. Some inductances showing their existence in different harmonic representation as well as experimental waveforms have been included.
Interrelationships of multivariate regression methods using eigenvector basis sets

This paper provides an expository discussion of the interrelationships between least squares (LS), principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), ridge regression (RR), generalized ridge regression (GRR), continuum regression (CR) and cyclic subspace regression (CSR) for the linear model y = Xb + e. Developed in this paper is continuum CSR (CCSR). From this study it is ascertained that GRR encompasses LS, PCR, PLS, RR, CR, CSR and CCSR. It is shown that a regression vector, regardless of its source, can be written as a linear combination of the vi eigenvectors obtained from a singular value decomposition (SVD) of X, i.e. X = UΣVT. Similarly, it is shown that calibration fitted values ŷ obtained from any linear regression method can be written as a linear combination of the ui eigenvectors obtained from an SVD of X. Formulae are provided to compute ϕ and γ, respective vectors of weights for vi and ui eigenvectors. It is recommended that the ϕ eigenvector weights be inspected to ascertain exactly what information is being used to form the regression vector for the particular modeling approach used. Analogously, the γ eigenvector weights should be inspected to determine what information is being used to form calibration fitted values. Besides assisting in prediction rank determination, both eigenvector weight plots also allow for easy comparison of models built by different methods, e.g. the PCR model versus the PLS model. It is shown that it is not the number of factors used to build a PCR or PLS model that is important, but the number of eigenvectors used, which ones, and how they are weighted to form respective regression vectors and fitted values of calibration samples. In essence, how eigenvectors are weighted dictates which GRR model is formed. From the CR, CSR and RR eigenvector weight plots of ϕ it is concluded that the optimal model will most often have a combination of PCR and PLS attributes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of arachidonoyl coenzyme a and docosahexaenoyl coenzyme a in synaptic plasma membranes of cerebrum and microsomes of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem of rat brain

Synthesis of arachidonoyl CoA and docosahexaenoyl CoA in homogenates and microsomes from cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem and in synaptic plasma membranes from cerebrum of control rats and rats undergoing bicuculline-induced status epilepticus were studied. Arachidonoyl CoA synthesis was 3–5 times higher than docosahexaenoyl CoA in homogenates and microsomes. The synaptic plasma membranes showed only 1.5- to 2.5-fold higher activity. The presence of Triton X-100 (0.1%) in the incubation medium did not alter the activity of arachidonoyl CoA synthesis but did increase the synthesis of docosahexaenoyl CoA in homogenates, microsomes, and especially in synaptic plasma membranes. The synthesis of these polyenoic fatty acyl CoAs were 4–6 times higher in microsomes than in homogenates. Synaptic plasma membranes exhibited about the same amount of activity as homogenates in the synthesis of docosahexaenoyl CoA, but only half the activity of the latter in arachidonoyl CoA synthesis. The synthesis of arachidonoyl CoA and docosahexaenoyl CoA in cerebral homogenates and microsomes was higher than that of cerebellum and brain stem. The apparent Km values for labeled arachidonic acid (17 μM) and docosahexaenoic acid (12 μM) in synaptic plasma membranes were lower than the values for microsomes isolated from different brain regions. The Vmax values were also 4–10 times lower. Microsomes from different regions did not differ in their apparent Km values, but did show variations in apparent Vmax values. Cerebellar microsomes showed lower Vmax values than the other two regions. The presence of Triton X-100 caused a significant decrease in the apparent Km values with little change in the Vmax values. Bicuculline-induced seizures did not alter the kinetic properties of arachidonoyl CoA and docosahexaenoyl CoA synthesis, except there was a significant decrease in the apparent Km and Vmax values for cerebellar microsomal docosahexaenoyl CoA synthesis. In conclusion, there were marked differences in the activation of polyenoic fatty acids in different parts of the brain and in subcellular fractions. Although bicuculline-induced convulsions accumulate free polyenoic fatty acids in the brain, no changes were detected when the fatty activation was assayed with exogenous cofactors, except in cerebellum.
Integrating social value orientation and the consideration of future consequences within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour.

This study integrates social value orientation (Messick & McClintock, 1968) and the consideration of future consequences (CFC; Strathman, Gleicher, Boninger, & Edwards, 1994) within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour (Stern, Dietz, & Kalof, 1993). A survey of college students (N=161) revealed some preliminary support for the proposed model, using past and intended involvement in proenvironmental political behaviour as the primary outcome variables. Relative to proselfs, prosocials expressed stronger proenvironmental intentions and a stronger belief in the social consequences of environmental conditions. Relative to low CFCs, high CFCs expressed stronger proenvironmental intentions, greater involvement in proenvironmental behaviour, and a stronger belief in the personal, social and biospheric consequences of environmental conditions. Perceived consequences mediated the relationship between CFC and proenvironmental intentions and behaviour, and high CFCs evidence a stronger positive relationship between perceived social consequences and proenvironmental intentions.
Structural Studies of Bacteriophage α3 Assembly

Abstract Bacteriophage α3 is a member of the Microviridae , a family of small, single-stranded, icosahedral phages that include φX174. These viruses have an ssDNA genome associated with approximately 12 copies of an H pilot protein and 60 copies of a small J DNA-binding protein. The surrounding capsid consists of 60 F coat proteins decorated with 12 pentameric spikes of G protein. Assembly proceeds via a 108 S empty procapsid that requires the external D and internal B scaffolding proteins for its formation. The α3 “open” procapsid structural intermediate was determined to 15 A resolution by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Unlike the φX174 “closed” procapsid and the infectious virion, the α3 open procapsid has 30 A wide pores at the 3-fold vertices and 20 A wide gaps between F pentamers as a result of the disordering of two helices in the F capsid protein. The large pores are probably used for DNA entry and internal scaffolding protein exit during DNA packaging. Portions of the B scaffolding protein are located at the 5-fold axes under the spike and in the hydrophobic pocket on the inner surface of the capsid. Protein B appears to have autoproteolytic activity that cleaves at an Arg-Phe motif and probably facilitates the removal of the protein through the 30 A wide pores. The structure of the α3 mature virion was solved to 3.5 A resolution by X-ray crystallography and was used to interpret the open procapsid cryo-EM structure. The main differences between the α3 and φX174 virion structures are in the spike and the DNA-binding proteins. The α3 pentameric spikes have a rotation of 3.5° compared to those of φX174. The α3 DNA-binding protein, which is shorter by 13 amino acid residues at its amino end when compared to the φX174 J protein, retains its carboxy-terminal-binding site on the internal surface of the capsid protein. The icosahedrally ordered structural component of the ssDNA appears to be substantially increased in α3 compared to φX174, allowing the building of about 10% of the ribose-phosphate backbone.
A Conceptual Framework of Frailty A Review

This article presents an overview of the increasingly common condition of frailty, which by and large lacks clarity of definition. A variety of sources provide this statement regarding definition, incidence, causation, rate, and time of appearance. Utilizing the newly elaborated process of symmorphosis, which explains the coadaptation of structure and function secondary to altered energy loads, I propose that frailty is a body-wide set of linked deteriorations including, but not confined to, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immunologic systems. The common final pathway that leads to this constellation of findings is usually keyed to a decline in physical activity either as a result of habit or disease inputs. As such, the state of frailty is largely separable from the process of aging and should thereby be susceptible to active intervention and reversal.
More Easton theorems for level by level equivalence

We establish two new Easton theorems for the least supercompact cardinal that are consistent with the level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness. These theorems generalize [1, Theorem 1]. In both our ground model and the model witnessing the conclusions of our theorem, there are no restrictions on the structure of the class of supercompact cardinals.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Variation within and between Steady States for Continuous Growth of the Hyperthermophile Thermotoga Maritima

Maltose-limited, continuous growth of the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima at different temperatures and dilution rates (80°C/0.25 h−1, 80°C/0.17 h−1, and 85°C/0.25 h−1) showed that transcriptome-wide variation in gene expression within mechanical steady states was minimal compared to that between steady states, supporting the efficacy of chemostat-based approaches for functional genomics studies.
Statement on Pharmacist Prescribing

The provision of health care to Canadians in institutions and organized health care settings involves the collaborative efforts of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, and other health care professionals. The focus of the pharmacist’s efforts in this interdisciplinary approach to patient care is to ensure the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes (pharmaceutical care). Ultimately, pharmacists share in the responsibility for patient outcomes from drug therapy. Pharmacists do not just provide basic dispensing functions and drug information services, but they also solve patientand medication-related problems and make decisions regarding drug prescribing, drug monitoring, and drug regimen adjustments. Consequently, CSHP advocates the role of pharmacists as capable prescribers and supports the pharmacist’s role in a collaborative prescribing model to improve patient health outcomes and increase the successful and efficient delivery of pharmaceutical care. A collaborative prescribing model requires that a cooperative practice relationship exist between a pharmacist and a physician or other health care professional with the legal authority to prescribe medications. Recognition of physician expertise in disease diagnosis and pharmacist expertise in pharmacotherapy and disease management, as the foundation for the establishment of a collaborative practice, optimizes the training and expertise of both of these health care professionals in the provision of patient care. In an ideal collaborative practice, the physician will diagnose and make initial treatment decisions for the patient and then the pharmacist will select, initiate, monitor, modify, continue, and discontinue pharmacotherapy as appropriate in order to achieve the desired patient outcomes. In this collaborative practice model, both the physician and the pharmacist share in the risk and responsibility for the patient outcomes achieved.
Char yield on pyrolysis of cellulose

Abstract Whether the pyrolysis of cellulose is conducted in an inert medium or in air, partial pyrolysis at a lower temperature increases the char yield subsequently obtained after 1 h at 370°C. The results are consistent with a pyrolysis scheme in which two competing sequences of cellulose pyrolysis reactions are initiated by (1) an intermolecular dehydration leading to char formation and, in air, to glowing combustion; and (2) a char-free depolymerization leading, in air, to flaming combustion.
Relationships between Enrollment in an Inclusive Class and Preschool Children's Ideas about People with Disabilities.

This research examines the relationships between participation in an inclusive preschool program, children's understanding of disabilities, and their acceptance of children with disabilities. Subje...
"Light switch" mental status changes and irritable insomnia are two particularly salient features of anti-NMDA receptor antibody encephalitis.

Abstract Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate antibody encephalitis is becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of acute and subacute encephalopathy in both adults and children. The typical features of this disorder include some degree of encephalopathy, seizures, and often a movement disorder component. However, there is wide variability in its presentation, and diagnosis based on clinical features alone is often delayed. Patients We report a series of four of 12 patients observed at our children's hospital between 2011 and 2013 that we chose as particularly representative examples of two distinct clinical features. Results In these individuals with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis, we note a very rapid on–off state between responsiveness and nonresponsiveness and/or insomnia accompanied by extreme irritability. We describe the abrupt mental status shift as "light switch" because the patients can awaken in seconds from a completely nonresponsive state. The insomnia noted in our patients was also impressive and often present early in the patients' courses. Conclusions Light switch mental status changes and irritable insomnia are important early features of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis that can signal the presence of this disorder. The exact pathophysiology of these two symptoms has not been fully elucidated, and we feel that presence of one or both of these symptoms early in the disease course should prompt immediate concern for this disorder.
Metabolic interactions among dietary cholesterol, copper, and fructose.

to the editor: Basciano et al. ([3][1]) found glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia plus numerous other changes related to the development of diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome in hamsters fed diets high in fructose and enriched with cholesterol; they
Investigation of Novel Superconducting Hot Electron Bolometer Geometries Fabricated With Ultraviolet Lithography

While the superconducting community has developed various techniques for the fabrication of nanoscale hot electron bolometers (HEB), the basic structure of an HEB microbridge has been fairly consistent. A typical HEB used in a cryogenic terahertz mixer consists of a thin strip of superconductor contacted on opposite ends by small metal contact pads in a planar configuration. Both the physics and typical fabrication requirements for HEBs inspire this traditional construction. In this paper, however, we demonstrate that alternative HEB geometries are possible, which can in some cases improve the ease of fabrication, alter device characteristics, or alleviate certain device limitations. New HEB structures and associated fabrication processes are presented, building on previous work using the SSNaPS method of nanoscale patterning. These include very short niobium nitride HEBs with self-aligned bridge etch masks, and sidewall-patterned niobium HEB microbridges.
A research protocol for testing relationships between nurse workload, missed nursing care and neonatal outcomes: the neonatal nursing care quality study.

Aim We describe an innovative research protocol to test the role of missed nursing care as a mediator of the association between nurse workload and patient outcomes in the neonatal intensive care unit. Background Increases in nurses' workloads are associated with adverse patient outcomes in neonatal intensive care settings. Missed nursing care is a frequently hypothesized explanation for the association between workload and outcomes. Few studies to date have tested missed care as a variable that mediates the workload–outcomes relationship. Design We use a longitudinal, observational study design. Methods We will recruit approximately 125 nurses (80% of target population) providing direct patient care in one neonatal intensive care unit. Four, 6-week data collection cycles occur over 1 year. At the end of every shift, nurses report on their workloads and the frequency with which specific patient care activities were missed for each infant cared for during the shift. Infant-specific nurse reports of missed care are linked to shift-level infant outcomes data extracted from the electronic health record. Funding for the study began in July 2012; Research Ethics Committee approval was granted in December 2012. Discussion Missed care may explain the effects of nurse workload on patient outcomes. This research will generate preliminary evidence regarding the causal relationships among nurses' workloads, missed care and infant outcomes that we will confirm in a future multi-site study.
The challenge and promise of the genomic era.

Welcome, colleagues, to the 47th annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Thank you all for attending—and for the passion and intelligence you bring to our society. It has been my great honor to serve as your president this past year, a year of momentous change not only for ASCO but for health care and for cancer biology as well. It is a time of real progress in the science of cancer, and I would like to spend some time with you today sharing my thoughts on where the emerging science of cancer is taking us as a profession. I am dedicating this talk to my administrative assistant, Lisa Miller, who is here with us today. Lisa keeps me out of trouble; she is dedicated, cheerful, kind, and smart. She is a wife and the mother of two beautiful daughters. Lisa also harbors a BRCA1 mutation. Recently, she was diagnosed with triplenegative breast cancer and is currently receiving chemotherapy. She is one of more than a million and a half Americans who will be diagnosed with cancer this year. I know that you will share my best wishes for Lisa, who is here today, and thank her for her willingness to represent those fighting their own personal battles with this disease. My family, and in particular my wife, Carolyn, have had to put up with my many absences this past year. I am grateful for their forbearance and loving support. ASCO Presidents benefit greatly from the support of ASCO volunteers. This year, I drew on a hugely talented group of members who populate our many committees. I do not have time to name them all, but I will draw your attention to Kathy Miller and Chuck Blanke, Chairs of the Scientific Program and Education Committees. They have devoted their all to making this meeting a success, and I am grateful to them. ASCO also benefits from an incredibly talented staff. Their esprit de corps, their work ethic, and their intelligence are incredible. From our CEO Allen Lichter on down, I have never worked with such an impressive staff in any organization. They go out of their way every day in support of our mission. STATE OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
Use of satellite radiometric imagery data for improvement in the analysis of divergent wind in the tropics

A scheme is proposed to incorporate satellite radiometric imagery data into the specification of initial conditions for the National Meteorological Center (NMC) operational global prediction model in order to improve the analysis of the divergent wind field in the tropics. The basic assumptions are that outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data can provide 1) the division between convective (upward motion) and clear sky (downward motion) areas, and 2) the height of convection cells. The intensity of ascending motion in the convective areas is estimated based on OLR data. The intensity of descending motion is evaluated from the thermodynamic energy balance between radiative cooling and adiabatic warming, since the local time change of temperature is small in the tropics. Once the vertical motion field is determined, the horizontal divergence field can be calculated from the mass continuity equation. Then a divergent wind field is determined. The total wind is the sum of the new divergent wind and the rotational part, which is assumed to be unchanged. The proposed scheme is tested using the NMC analysis dataset of 21 January 1985 with satisfactory results.
Laboratory Analysis of Coagulation

Dysregulation of one or more elements in hemostatic system can cause an increased risk of bleeding or hypercoagulability (thrombosis). Highly complex platelets play an important role in hemostasis and thrombosis through adhesion to subendothelium, release of coagulation factors in granules, and aggregation. A hereditary or acquired deficiency in one or more procoagulant factors can lead to excessive bleeding. Hereditary or acquired deficiency or dysfunction of regulatory proteins such as antithrombin, protein C, and protein S can lead to a hypercoagulability. Polymorphisms such as factor V Leiden or prothrombin gene G20210A or rare mutations can cause hypercoagulability. Antiphospholipid syndrome or lupus anticoagulant is a common cause of acquired thrombophilia with increased risk of arterial and venous thrombosis. Many current diagnostic laboratory tests can be often affected by concurrent clinical conditions or anticoagulant therapy. To identify the patients in a risk of bleeding or hypercoagulability, a battery of diagnostic laboratory tests should be performed in a stepwise manner by diagnostic algorithm beginning with high-yield screening tests followed by appropriate specific confirmatory tests. Consultation and comprehensive narrative interpretation by coagulation specialists are of great importance for correct interpretation of the results related to clinical conditions.
Dependence of Ca2+sensitivity of arterial contractions on history of receptor activation

Stimulation of receptors causing arterial contraction may also cause attenuation of cell responsiveness to stimuli. This study tested the hypothesis that attenuation of receptor-induced contraction...
Impact of Exchange Rates on Consumer Prices in India: Comparing Different Trade Liberalization and Monetary Policy Regimes

This paper examines the relation between exchange rates and prices in India over three periods, 1975-1986, 1992-1998 and 1999-2010. These periods which are marked with changing trading and monetary policy regimes provide an interesting case study to analyze the importance of openness and inflationary environment on exchange rate pass-through (ERPT). A VAR of oil prices, food prices, output gap, exchange rates, consumer prices and interest rates is estimated for each period. While not the biggest determinant of price variation, exchange rates have grown in importance over the sample period. Results also show that there is significant but incomplete ERPT which is increasing over the sample period. Evidence shows weak support for the importance of the inflationary environment while openness is a dominant factor in determining the level of ERPT.
Review: Basic Mechanisms of Metastasis

ABSTRACT Metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of deaths caused by cancer. The process of metastasis is an orderly, stepwise process that results in the selection of cells that possess the capability to establish viable metastases. These cells must be locally invasive and be able to survive the physical traumas of dissemination and normal host defenses. Once metastatic cells have been arrested in a capillary bed, they must be able to invade the host organ parenchyma and survive in that milieu. Studies in a number of model systems have documented the phenotypic alterations in cells that have “metastatic potential.” These differences may stem from normal tumor cell heterogeneity and surprisingly reflect only minor differences in gene expression. The role of activated oncogenes in metastasis is unclear, but a number of laboratories have documented that transfection with activated Ha-Ras results in increased metastatic potential. An increased understanding of the genetic basis of metastatic potential may suggest new directions for intervening in this deadly process.
Intracranial Glioma: Delivery of an Oncolytic Adenovirus

Intracranial gliomas are the most prevalent form of primary brain tumors. The dynamic biology of these cancers compounded by their elusive location within the brain renders them very difficult to treat by means of conventional therapy. Despite continued advances in surgical and medical therapies, the outcome for patients diagnosed with this form of cancer remains in need of dramatic improvements. Gliomas, like many other forms of cancer, are subject to unpredictable genotypic and phenotypic alterations resulting in treatment resistant clones (Ehtesham et al., 2005). The selective permeability of the blood brain barrier limits the effectiveness of most chemotherapeutic agents, impeding their ability to reach distant tumor cells (Lesniak and Brem, 2004). Surgical treatment also faces many obstacles, as the biological nature of these tumors causes them to infiltrate diffusely within surrounding brain parenchyma (Ehtesham et al., 2005). In light of these challenges, novel techniques and alternative approaches are being explored to treat this terminal condition.
Moving Forwards by Blocking Back-Flow The Yin and Yang of MI Therapy

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production has emerged as an important pathological mechanism in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Attempts at targeting reactive oxygen species by scavenging using antioxidants have, however, been clinically disappointing. This review will provide an overview of the current understanding of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in ischemia/reperfusion injury. We will outline novel therapeutic approaches designed to directly target the mitochondrial respiratory chain and prevent excessive reactive oxygen species production and its associated pathology. This approach could lead to more effective interventions in an area where there is an urgent need for new treatments.
Efficient plasmonic trapping using bowtie nanoantennas

Highly efficient, low-numerical aperture optical trapping of 1-μm polystyrene beads is demonstrated using plasmonic Au bowtie nanoantenna arrays. The effect of polarization, array periodicity, and wavelength on trapping efficiencies is studied.
Pepsin secretion and synthesis in vitro.

SummaryPepsin secretion and synthesis by mouse stomachs was studied in vitro. There is a basal rate of pepsin secretion, and carba-minoylcholine stimulates additional secretion. At the optimal drug concentration of 0.1 mg % the rate of secretion is 300% of the basal rate. Atropine inhibits the additional secretion caused by carbaminoylcholine but not the basal secretion. Histamine slightly stimulates pepsin secretion. The stomachs were supplied with amino acid mixtures, but no pepsin synthesis could be found. The implications of failure to find synthesis are discussed.
A SPECIAL SOLUTION OF WAVE DISSIPATION BY FINITE POROUS PLATES

The reflection and transmission of water waves caused by a small amplitude incident wave through finite fine porous plates with equal spacing and permeability in an infinitely long open channel of constant water depth and zero slope are studied. A special solution is obtained when the distance between the two neighbouring plates is an integral multiple of the half-wavelength of the incident wave. It is found that when the dimensionless porous-effect parameterG 0 is equal to half the total plate number, the wave dissipation reaches a maximum, and only 50% of the incident wave energy remains in the reflected and transmitted waves. Meanwhile, the reflected and transmitted waves have the same amplitude.
Violent victimization among males and economic conditions: The vulnerability of race and ethnic minorities

Research Summary In this article, we use data from the 1973 to 2005 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to estimate previously unknown trends in serious nonfatal violent victimization for Latino, non-Latino Black, and non-Latino White males in the United States. Past research has shown that Blacks and Latinos have been more susceptible than Whites to financial hardship during economic downturns and that economic disadvantage is an important correlate of violence in cross-sectional analyses. If significant declines in the national economy contribute to increases in violence, then crime trends disaggregated by race and ethnicity should show greater changes among minorities during periods of economic downturn. Although rates of violence have declined for all groups, we find that trends for Latino and Black males are similar and closely follow changes in consumer sentiment. In contrast, trends for White males display fewer fluctuations coinciding with changes in economic conditions. Continued disaggregation shows that these patterns appear primarily in stranger violence and not in violence by known offenders. The patterns also suggest that the association between changing economic conditions and male victimization trends might have weakened in recent years. Policy Implications The findings raise concerns about the potential impact of recent economic changes on the risk for serious victimization, particularly among Blacks and Latinos. In light of the possible recent weakening of the relationship between economic changes and crime, future research should assess whether criminal justice policies and other factors moderate the relationship between economic conditions and victimization and use group-specific measures of violence so that important variability across race and ethnicity is not masked. These analyses also should be expanded to consider the potential effects on violence of government policies designed to alleviate poverty and unemployment.
More with Less: A Trial of Reduced-Intensity Treatment in Transplant-Ineligible Hemodialysis Patients.

Abstract Background: An increasing proportion of hemodialysis patients are ineligible for transplant. Often these patients are elderly, with multiple comorbidities and decreased functional status. Such patients may benefit from modified treatment goals to reduce symptom burden. Objective: To demonstrate the feasibility of a trial of reduced-intensity treatment in nontransplantable patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Study Design: A 6-week study randomized patients to a reduced-intensity intervention versus usual care. Intervention subjects were treated with liberalized goals for serum phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) as well as predialysis blood pressure in comparison with usual care subjects. Outcomes included assessed feasibility of recruitment, randomization, and data collection. Setting and Population: Sixteen transplant-ineligible hemodialysis patients were recruited from two urban units. Measurements: Blood pressure was recorded weekly, while serum PTH and phosphorus were assessed ...
INPGA-based Multiobjective Management Model for Optimal Design of Groundwater Remediation System:II.Application to the MMR Site

The simple case study has shown that the improved niched Pareto genetic algorithm(INPGA) is applicable to multi-objective optimal design of groundwater remediation system due to the simple procedure,the efficient computation,as well as the rational span of the Pareto solutions.However,the acceleration and efficiency of INPGA based on the message passing interface(MPI) is comparatively low for the simple application.To further demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of INPGA coupled with the MPI for parallel computing and the operation library of individual fitness under real field conditions,accordingly,an application project was conducted at the Massachusetts Military Reservation(MMR) in Cape Cod,Massachusetts,involving the multi-objective optimal design of a groundwater pump and treat system.The results of this study show that not only would it be possible using MPI to improve the parallel acceleration and efficiency,but also a near-Pareto-front trade-off curve could be achieved by providing enough Pareto solutions to decision-makers.This field application clearly demonstrates the attractive prospect of MPI-based INPGA in identifying multi-objective optimal design of groundwater remediation systems.
Initial Complications and Late Results in Dismembered Pyeloplasty

AbstractA total of 109 dismembered pyeloplasties has been reviewed and examples of initial complications and their management are discussed. These early complications do not preclude excellent longterm results. Over-all followup studies show resolution of pain, hematuria and infection in the vast majority of patients. X-ray results have since, in general, improved or stabilized. No nephrectomies have been done subsequent to the repair of the hydronephrosis.
On the Attitude Toward the Vulgo in the Spanish Siglo de Oro

Who o'er the herd would wish to reign, Fantastic, fickle, fierce, and vain! —Scott. First of all, a delimitation of the field: in this article I intend to discuss the vulgo, not the pobre, the villano, the labrador, or the pastor, eliminating in this way the entire theme of ‘contempt of court and praise of simple life’. It will be well to point out, however, that the ambivalent attitude of Golden Age Spaniards toward the villano, or peasant, is analogous to the ambivalence of their attitude toward the herd (necio-discreto) which will be our main concern
Canonical inflectional paradigms

In order to understand the characteristics of inflectional paradigms in the most systematic way possible, it will frequently be useful to draw upon the assumptions of canonical typology (Corbett 2005, 2009, Brown et al. 2013). The strategy of this approach to typology is (a) to identify the dimensions of possible cross-linguistic variation in a given phenomenon and the logical endpoints of these dimensions; and (b) to situate canonical types at the extremes of these dimensions, calibrating attested phenomena according to the degree and direction of their deviation from these canonical types. By postulating the notion of a canonical inflectional paradigm, one can describe different kinds of paradigmatic phenomena as involving different kinds of deviation from this canonical ideal. In Section 2.1, I discuss the notion of canonical inflection as originally characterized by Corbett 2009; this provides a basis for the narrower notion of a canonical inflectional paradigm, whose characteristics I discuss individually in Section 2.2 and summarize in Section 2.3. Canonical typology and canonical inflection I take the notion of canonical inflection proposed by Corbett 2009 as a starting point for defining the canonical inflectional paradigm. The characteristics that Corbett associates with canonical inflection involve both a comparison of contrasting cells belonging to the same paradigm and a comparison of corresponding cells across paradigms (of the same category). The three relevant comparisons involve (i) the morphotactics of word forms, (ii) a lexeme's expression as a stem, and (iii) the inflectional exponents of a word form's morphosyntactic properties. Consider first the comparison of cells belonging to a single paradigm. In instances of canonical inflection, the word forms realizing a paradigm's cells all have the same morphotactic structure. The declensional paradigm of Turkish adam ‘man’ in Table 2.1 exemplifies this characteristic: every word form in this paradigm has the structure [Stem – ( number ) – ( case )], where number and case are suffixal expressions of number and case and where the parentheses reflect the absence of overt number marking in the singular and the absence of overt case marking in the nominative. Besides having the same structure, all of the inflected word forms realizing a particular lexeme canonically exhibit the same stem; for example, all of the forms in Table 2.1 exhibit the stem adam .