cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compressibility of a translating bubble in an oscillating pressure field

The response of a single translating vapor-gas bubble to a sinusoidal pressure variation is analyzed analytically and experimentally. The bubble is assumed to move in an infinite liquid with a constant translational velocity. Bubbles are assumed to consist of saturated vapor and a noncondensible gas. The experimental results are in the low frequency range with no noncondensible gas present, although the theory is more general. Agreement between experiment and theory is satisfactory.
Deformation Modeling in Sodium Chloride at Intermediate and Elevated Temperatures

The flow stress dependence on temperature and strain rate of annealed, isotropic polycrystalline NaCI has been determined at temperatures of 296 to 673 K (0.28 to 0.63 T M ) and strain rates of 10 - 1 to 10 - 8 s - 1 . At elevated temperatures (T > ∼ 0.44 T M ) and relatively low stress the Na + diffusion-controlled climb of dislocations was found to be the rate-controlling deformation mechanism, and the experimental data could be fitted by a power-law function. In the same range of temperatures, at high stresses the deformation process was controlled by dislocation climb creep due to Cl - ion diffusion. At intermediate temperatures and low strain rates and at elevated temperatures and high strain rates the deformation was rate-controlled by the lattice resistance to the dislocation glide motion (Peierls mechanism). The constitutive equations for each deformation mechanism as well as that for the transition from one deformation mechanism to another were developed in terms of strain rate, temperature, and stress. The implications of the transition from one deformation mechanism to another over a wide range of temperatures on the deformation modeling for this material are discussed. The application of such analysis to understand and predict the rheological behavior of halite aggregates in nature in buried salt deposits is considered.
Testing techniques for next-generation IP networks

In this paper, we look at some examples of how "IP meets ATM" and then discuss some of the recent advances in IP standards. For the remainder of the paper, we examine testing techniques used in three different scenarios: functional testing of a layer 2/layer 3 switching device; class of service (CoS) contract verification in an IP network; interworking testing of an IP/ATM access device.
Sexual Minorities in Faith-Based Higher Education: A National Survey of Attitudes, Milestones, Identity, and Religiosity

Studies on faith-based campuses are beginning to offer a glimpse into the real experience of sexual minority students in these unique settings. This study adds to this growing body of information b...
Public Health Promotion: Autonomy of the Emergency Nurse Practitioner

The purpose of this paper is to examine several key issues in health care reform. From the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 to the cholera epidemic in Haiti, global health care reform is necessary to promote health and wellness among all nations. There is an international shortage of nurses and nursing faculty. Among the providers, it is also necessary to examine autonomy of the most up and coming nurse provider: the emergency nurse practitioner.
CALCIUM-CONTAINING ELECTRON-DENSE STRUCTURES IN THE AXONS OF THE SQUID GIANT SYNAPSE

Following the Oschman and Wall technique, electron-dense structures (EDS) were found on unstained, unosmicated membranes of squid giant synapse axons. These densities contain high concentrations of calcium and phosphorus as identified by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Based on the signal strength, the quantity is significantly greater than that of other regions of the membrane or tissue spaces. The calcium EDS occur as plaques or globules along the axonic membrane, and small globules are found between sheath cell processes. EDS also occur at the synaptic site. These densities were correlated with the opacity change seen in giant axons. It is proposed that these structures represent sites where the calcium-binding protein found by other investigators has become nearly saturated with calcium.
Food consumption and body composition in mice selected for high wheel-running activity.

The effects of genetic selection for high wheel running (13th generation) and prolonged access (8 weeks) to running wheels on food consumption and body composition were studied in house mice (Mus domesticus). Mice from four replicate lines selected for high wheel-running activity ran over twice as many revolutions per day on activity wheels as did mice from four replicate control lines. At approximately 49 days of age, all mice were placed individually in cages with access to wheels and monitored for 6 days, after which wheels were prevented from rotating for the "sedentary" individuals. During the experiment, five feeding trials were conducted and body mass was measured weekly. After 8 weeks, body composition was measured by hydrogen isotope dilution. Across the five feeding trials, mice in the "active" group (wheels free to rotate) consumed 22.4% more food than mice in the "sedentary" group (wheels locked); mice from the selected lines consumed 8.4% more food than mice from the control lines (average of all trials; body mass-corrected values). In females, but not males, we found a significant interaction between selection and wheel access treatments: within the "active" group the difference in food consumption between selected and control animals was greater than in the "sedentary" group. At the end of the study, mice from the "active" and "sedentary" groups did not differ significantly in body mass; however, mice from the selected lines were approximately 6% smaller in body mass. Estimated lean body mass did not differ significantly either between selected and control lines or between wheel-access groups (P>0.3). Mice from selected lines had lower total body fat compared to mice from control lines (P=0.05; 24.5% reduction; LSMEANS) as did mice from the "active" compared to "sedentary" group (P=0.03; 29.2% reduction; LSMEANS). Under these conditions, a sufficient explanation for the difference in body mass between the selected and control lines was the difference in fat content.
Single electron charging in parallel coupled quantum dots

Abstract We report low-temperature conductance measurements in the Coulomb blockade regime on two nominally identical tunnel-coupled quantum dots in parallel defined electrostatically in the two-dimensional electron gas of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. At low interdot tunnel coupling we find that the conductance measured through one dot is sensitive to the charge state of the neighboring dot. At larger interdot coupling the conductance data reflect the role of quantum charge fluctuations between the dots. As the interdot conductance approaches 2 e 2 / h , the coupled dots behave as a single large dot.
Modelling of adsorption of iron impurities at the surface of graphite

Abstract Using full-potential linearized combination of muffin-tin orbitals total energy calculations we have modelled the site selection of an iron atom at the surface of graphite. We find that the iron atoms ‘float’ above the graphite surface where the slight charge puckering below the iron atom indicates a very weak interaction with the carbon surface. We tested this effect both at relatively low (5·5% at the surface) iron concentrations and at high surface iron concentrations, and there is relatively little change in this behaviour with concentration. The stable position of the low-concentration iron impurities is a little less than half a graphite interlayer distance above the surface, with the stable location being above an empty carbon-ring centre. The charge distribution within the carbon atomic plane shows the normal s and p types of bonding between carbon atoms, quite similar to the pure carbon monolayer system, indicating that the presence of iron does not change the carbon-carbon interaction s...
The suicide notes of young and old people.

A sample of 52 suicide notes (from 48 completed and 4 attempted suicides) were obtained from the police files of a large city and examined to explore differences in the content by age. Subjects had a mean age of 42.2 (SD = 17.3); 35 were males and 17 females. The ages of the note writers were moderately associated with a smaller ratio of verbs of feeling to verbs of action (r = -0.41, two-tailed p = 0.004) and were less explicit in stating suicide as their intention (s = -0.33, p = 0.02) . " e age of the noce writer was not associated with the length of the notes (either words, thought units, or words per thought unit), the number of positive, negative, or neutral units or the Discomfort/Relief Quotient (Dollard & Mowrer, 1947), the number of notes, the percent of adjectives relative to verbs, the percent of pronouns or possessive adjectives referring to others rather than the self, the dramatic quality of the notes, the presence of instructions, the mention of suicide in the note, the note being disorganized, or choice of an active versus a passive method for suicide. The only sex differences identified were that the notes of males concained more negative thought units and were rated less often as disorganized. Thus, the notes of older persons tended to be more concerned with feelings rather than accion and less explicit about their forthcoming suicidal action.
On the need for comprehensive validation of deformable image registration, investigated with a novel 3-dimensional deformable dosimeter.

Q2 Summary Accurate deformable image registration (DIR) is essential to achieving full potential for adaptive radiation therapy and treatment response assessment. The lack of comprehensive methods for verifying DIR algorithms is currently limiting clinical implementation. This study introduces a novel deformable 3D dosimetry system (Presage-Def/Optical-CT) and its application to the verification of a commercial DIR algorithm. Results demonstrate substantial errors may occur and highlight the critical need for DIR validation before clinical implementation. Purpose: To Q3 introduce and evaluate a novel deformable 3-dimensional (3D) dosimetry system (Presage-Def/Optical-CT) and its application toward investigating the accuracy of dose deformation in a commercial deformable image registration (DIR) package. Methods and Materials: Presage-Def is a new dosimetry material consisting of an elastic polyurethane matrix doped with radiochromic leuco dye. Radiologic and mechanical properties were characterized using standard techniques. Dose-tracking feasibility was evaluated by comparing dose distributions between dosimeters irradiated with and without 27% lateral compression. A checkerboard plan of 5-mm square fields enabled precise measurement of true deformation using 3D dosimetry. Predicted deformation was determined from a commercial DIR algorithm. Results: Presage-Def exhibited a linear dose response with sensitivity of 0.0032 DOD/(Gy∙cm). Mass density is 1.02 g/cm 3 , and effective atomic number is within 1.5% of water over a broad (0.03-10 MeV) energy range, indicating good water-equivalence. Elastic characteristics were close to that of liver tissue, with Young’s modulus of 13.5-887 kPa over a stress range of 0.233-303 kPa, and Poisson’s ratio of 0.475 (SE, 0.036). The Presage-Def/Optical-CT system successfully imaged the nondeformed and deformed dose distributions, with isotropic resolution of 1 mm. Comparison with the predicted deformed 3D dose distribution identified inaccuracies in the commercial DIR algorithm. Although external contours were accurately deformed (submillimeter accuracy), volumetric dose deformation was poor. Checkerboard field positioning and dimension errors of up to 9 and 14 mm, respectively, were identified, and the 3D DIR-deformed dose g passing rate was only g3%/3 mm Z 60.0%. Conclusions: The Presage-Def/Optical-CT system shows strong potential for comprehensive investigation of DIR algorithm accuracy. Substantial errors in a commercial DIR were found in the conditions evaluated. This work highlights the critical importance of careful validation
A physics-based current-dependent base resistance mode; for advanced bipolar transistors

A physics-based current-dependent base resistance model has been developed that includes physical mechanisms such as base-width modulation, base-conductivity modulation, phase pushout, and emitter current crowding. It describes the current-dependent characteristics of the base resistance for all injection levels. A two-dimensional device simulator, PISCES, is used to justify the underlying physics. The predictions of the model show good agreement with results of measurements and device simulations. The model has been implemented in SPICE. >
Microwave fixation of marine invertebrates

Abstract Marine invertebrates may be rapidly fixed for histological examination using microwave irradiation generated by household microwave ovens. Ten-second irradiation of whole intact clams gave tissue fixation equal or superior to standard procedures using formaldehyde solutions and eliminated the need for that hazardous chemical. We suggest that invertebrates can be fixed while relaxed in sea-water baths, without having to remove or open the shell, and that invertebrates in bottom sediment cores also may be fixed in situ without being disturbed.
A multi-wire proportional counter system for use in low, medium and high energy physics

Abstract Multi-wire proportional counter systems have been constructed for applications to low, medium and high energy nuclear physics problems. Details of the construction of the counters and the associated electronics and computer interface are discussed. The operating characteristics of the system in a 300 MeV/cπ− beam are presented.
Organic Amendment Effects on Microbial Population and Microbial Biomass Carbon in the Rhizosphere Soil of Soybean

The aim of the study was to determine microbial populations and microbial biomass carbon in the rhizosphere soil of soybean cultivated under different organic treatments: plant compost (PC), vermicompost (VER), farmyard manure (FYM), and integrated plant compost (IPC). The serial dilution plate method was employed to enumerate the rhizosphere soil fungi and bacteria. Results showed that microbial populations and biomass carbon were affected by the application of organic amendments. Fungal population was the greatest in the VER plot for two crop cycles, whereas bacterial population was the greatest in the VER in the first crop cycle and FYM for the second crop cycle. Tukey's test at P ≤ 0.05 showed that change in microbial biomass carbon in the sites studied over time was significant, with the greatest in FYM. In our study, addition of organic amendments affected the soil physicochemical properties, which in return affected the rhizosphere microbial characteristics.
Applications of Artificial Neural Networks to combat simulations

As a result of reduced budgets and personnel levels, the Department of Defense has increased reliance on combat simulations for such diverse areas as training, testing, planning, and analysis. Each area has its own set of needs, goals, and objectives for designing future generations of combat simulation models. However, budget constraints alone mandate the development of multipleuse combat models. The bottom line is that future generations of combat models need to be faster, have higher fidelity and larger scale than current models. Research into emerging technologies for approaches to make computer simulations more effective and efficient is an essential ingredient to developing successful future generations of combat models. One emerging technology that has such potential is Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Potential applications of ANN to combat simulation modeling are discussed. The main results of the author's dissertation Artificial Neural Network Metamodels of Stochastic Computer Simulations [1] are discussed along with the ramifications on combat modeling and recommendations for future research.
Staging of the early embryonic brain in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) and rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta)

Early morphogenesis of the brain and its derivatives was studied in sixty-nine baboon and rhesus monkey embryos representing developmental stages 8–16, and compared with the staged human embryo. The baboon and rhesus monkey embryos develop in a similar temporal sequence when compared with human embryos with the following exceptions: 1) The respective developmental events for otic disc, adenohypophyseal pouch, and hippocampal internal sulcus formation in the baboon and rhesus monkey occur at stage 10, stages 11–12, and after stage 16, while the comparable stages in humans are 9, 10, and 16; 2) Alternatively, formation of the trigeminal primordium and the motor root of the trigeminal nerve and evagination of the neurohypophysis occur earlier in the baboon and rhesus monkey (i.e., stages 12–13, stage 14, and stage 15, respectively) than observed in the human embryo (stage 14, stage 15, and stage 16, respectively); and 3) Lens pore closure in baboon and human embryos takes place during stage 14, while in the rhesus monkey closure occurs during stage 15.
Competitive adsorption between atrazine and methylene blue on activated carbon: the importance of pore size distribution

A series of phenolic resin-based microporous activated carbon fibers (ACF) were used to determine how pore size distribution influences the nature of the adsorption competition mechanism between the micropollutant, atrazine, and a compound similar in size, methylene blue (MB). Experiments consisted of simultaneous adsorption, dye preloading, and atrazine preloading. Direct competition for adsorption sites is the primary mode when the competing adsorbate can access the same pore size region as the target micropollutant. When only a narrow distribution of primary micropores (pore width <8 A) is present, simultaneous adsorption and dye preloading greatly impacted atrazine adsorption. Increasing the micropore volume and shifting the pore size distribution into the secondary micropore region (8 A<pore width <20 A) reduced the degree of competition. The relative impact of preloading with MB on atrazine adsorption decreased with increasing pore volume and pore size. When atrazine was preloaded, the low level of atrazine desorption from the smallest pore size adsorbent, which contained mainly primary micropores, provided evidence for strong adsorption/slow desorption in these pores. This is consistent with the enhanced adsorption resulting from overlapping pore wall potentials, contributing to non-ideal competitive adsorption. The displacement of pre-adsorbed atrazine by MB in the other four ACFs is primarily associated with direct competition for sites in the secondary micropore region.
Performance investigations of Pb2Ru2O6.5 oxide based pseudocapacitors

Abstract Lead Pb/Ru pyrochlore (Pb 2 Ru 2 O 6.5 ) was synthesized as a new electrode material for aqueous-electrolyte capacitors. This material was characterized using X-ray diffraction, BET area anhgalysis and cyclic voltammetry. Small laboratory-scale prototype capacitors were fabricated with Pb 2 Ru 2 O 6.5 oxide electrodes and tested for their electrochemical performance in terms of capacitance, rate-capabilities, and energy–power performance. These laboratory cells exhibited excellent performance under constant power discharge delivering >5 W h/kg specific energy at 750 W/kg power level based on electrode and electrolyte masses only.
Real-Time Digital Video Recording System

Image storage is a necessary consideration in a medical imaging system. Data generated by recently developed digital radiographic techniques may be stored on magnetic tape or disc in either analog or digital form. Video discs have desirable freeze frame and image sequencing properties allowing for flexible image manipulation and display. Whereas digital pre-processing has enabled excellent results to be obtained using analog storage, digital storage is ideal as far as bandwidth and noise properties are concerned. However, serial data rates of digital disc drives are limited to about 10 megabits per second, too slow for recording video information in real-time. Using a standard multi-platter magnetic disc drive we have constructed parallel read/write channels servicing sets of 9 or 10 surfaces simultaneously in order to achieve a data rate of 100 megabits per second. This permits storage of 815 512x512x9 bit images at 30 frames per second. Hardware configurations and applications of the real-time digital disc to subtraction angiography will be discussed.
Enabling secure query processing in the cloud using fully homomorphic encryption

The database community, at least for the last decade, has been grappling with querying encrypted data, which would enable secure database as a service solutions. A recent breakthrough in the cryptographic community (in 2009) related to fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) showed that arbitrary computation on encrypted data is possible. Successful adoption of FHE for query processing is, however, still a distant dream, and numerous challenges have to be addressed. One challenge is how to perform algebraic query processing of encrypted data, where we produce encrypted intermediate results and operations on encrypted data can be composed. In this paper, we describe our solution for algebraic query processing of encrypted data and outline several other challenges that need to be investigated, while also describing the lessons that can be learnt from a decade of work by database community in querying encrypted data.
Taylor series expansion using matrices: An implementation in MATLAB®

Abstract Taylor series expansions are widely used in engineering approximations, for instance, to develop finite differences schemes or numerical integration methods. This technical note presents a novel technique to generate, display and manipulate Taylor series expansion by using matrices. The resulting approach allows algebraic manipulation as well as differentiation in a very intuitive manner in order to experiment with different numerical schemes, their truncation errors and their structures, while avoiding manual calculation errors. A detailed explanation of the mathematical procedure to generate a matrix form of the Taylor series expansion for a function of two variables is presented along with the algorithm of an implementation in MATLAB®. Example cases of different orders are tabulated to illustrate the generation and manipulation capabilities of this technique. Additionally, an extended application is developed to determine the modified equations of finite difference schemes for partial differential equations, with one-dimensional examples of the wave equation and the heat equation using explicit and implicit schemes.
Hepatitis B vaccine: a seven-year study of adherence to the immunization guidelines and efficacy in HIV-1-positive adults.

Summary Background Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been recommended for all high-risk adults since 1982. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, few studies have examined adherence to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines for hepatitis B vaccination in persons infected with HIV. Methods This was a seven-year retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of HBV vaccination practices in HIV-1-positive adults treated in an urban ambulatory care center. Compliance with screening, hepatitis B vaccination recommendations, and response to vaccination were assessed. Results Of the 1601 charts reviewed, 717 persons were eligible for vaccination against hepatitis B. Of these patients, 503 received at least one dose of vaccine, but only 356 patients completed the three-dose series. Vaccine response was associated with CD4 count ( p =0.006) and viral load ( p =0.001) at the time of the first dose. However, development of hepatitis B surface antibody was seen at all CD4 counts and viral loads. The multivariate analysis showed only the HIV viral load was predictive of immunologic response. Twenty of the vaccine-eligible patients who did not receive vaccination were infected with HBV during the study period. No vaccinated persons contracted hepatitis B. Conclusion Failure to implement these guidelines represents a missed opportunity to prevent disease. In our study, HIV viral load was better than CD4 count as a predictor of response to the HBV vaccination. However, neither low CD4 count nor high HIV viral load should be used as justification to delay vaccination of high-risk persons.
Trypanosoma cruzi: flow cytometric analysis of developmental stage differences in DNA

Flow cytometry and DNA binding-specific fluorescent reagents were used to compare the total DNA, G-C, and A-T content of the epimastigote and trypomastigote stages of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks. Significant total DNA differences of 2-12% between epimastigotes and trypomastigotes were found in three of six stocks studied. The epimastigote G-C content of five of six stocks was 4-8% higher than trypomastigotes, whereas the trypomastigote A-T content was 2.5-13% higher than the epimastigote A-T content. Although no obvious developmental stage association between total DNA and base composition was found, intrastage associations do exist. These observations were unaffected by nucleoprotein extraction implying that the observed differences between trypomastigotes and epimastigotes are not a consequence of nucleoprotein interference with DNA-binding fluorochromes. The nuclei and kinetoplasts of four T. cruzi stocks were isolated and analyzed. Developmental stage differences in nuclear and kinetoplast DNA are stock-dependent and base composition-dependent; both organelles contribute to the observed differences in DNA of intact cells. We found a nearly linear association between the percentage of total kinetoplast DNA, G-C, and A-T content. During metacyclogenesis, the G-C content decreases by approximately 7% as epimastigotes transform into metacyclic trypomastigotes. The decrease in G-C content precedes changes in morphology or in complement resistance. If the DNA changes are causally connected to developmental stage transformations in T. cruzi remains to be determined. However, our results could facilitate studies of the molecular genetic processes the parasite uses to successfully complete various phases of its life cycle and, consequently, the disease process it evokes.
Anatomical Authorities: On the Epistemological Exclusion of Trans-Surgical Patients.

American feminist health activists in the 1970s created representations of genital anatomy intended to replace the abstracted images of biomedicine’s ‘modest witness,’ with what Michelle Murphy has called the ‘immodest witness,’ authority explicitly derived from personal and embodied experience. Decades later, a feminist publication in the tradition of the immodest witness called Femalia was adopted into the practice of an American surgeon specializing in trans- genital sex reassignment surgery (GSRS). Based on ethnographic and textual research, I show how oppositional claims to represent the ‘natural’ female body—one valued for its medical objectivity and the other for its feminist subjectivity—effectively foreclosed these as modes of authority through which the trans- patient might contribute to her surgical care. I argue that trans- patients’ double epistemological exclusion contributes to a broader asymmetry in the use of patients’ subjective reports in the everyday practice of GSRS and the clinical r...
Graduate theses an index of graduate work in speech, XXV

(1958). Graduate theses an index of graduate work in speech, XXV. Speech Monographs: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 151-176.
Bone loss in young women with karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure

Objective To evaluate the effects of karotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure on femoral neck bone mineral density. Methods Eighty-nine women with karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure who desired fertility were evaluated at a tertiary care academic center and underwent hip and spinal bone density measurements by conventional dual-photon absorptiometry. Seventy-seven of the women (87%) had sought medical advice previously and had taken a variety of estrogen and progestin replacement regimens at least intermittently. The median (range) age was 32 (20–39) years, and the median (range) time since diagnosis was 1.5 (0.5–11) years. Findings were compared with a reference group of 218 regularly menstruating women of similar age. Result Sixty of the 89 women with premature ovarian failure (67%, 95% confidence interval 57, 77) had a femoral neck bone mineral density more than 1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean of the reference group ( P X 2 with Yates correction). Even in women in whom the bone mineral density measurement was made within just 1.5 years of the diagnosis, nearly one-half (47%) had a femoral neck bone mineral density more than 1 SD below the mean of the reference group ( P Conclusion Two-thirds of young women with karyotypically normal spontaneous premature ovarian failure have a femoral neck bone mineral density more than 1 SD below the mean of a reference group. These young women need early education regarding strategies to maintain their bone mass and ongoing medical evaluation to maintain compliance with these strategies.
Editorial: Metabolic effects and antipsychotics

The invention and use of antipsychotics has transformed the prognosis for persons with serious and persistent mental illness from that of a lifetime of incarceration to a potentially manageable illness. The outcomes now include a few with virtually complete success and a few that have clinically insignificant benefits. Most persons with serious and persistent mental illness have some clinical improvement, but not restored to their previous level of function.
Automated synthesis of 6-[18F]fluoro-l-DOPA using modified polystyrene supports with bound 6-mercuric DOPA precursors

Abstract Polystyrene polymer substrates were prepared having protected l -DOPA precursors mercurated in the 6-position. When treated with gaseous [ 18 F]acetyl hypofluorite followed by HI hydrolysis, 6-[ 18 F]-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy- l -phenylalanine (6-[ 18 F]fluoro- l -DOPA) was obtained in 2–23% overall chemical yield. The highest yield was obtained using P-CH 2 CO 2 Hg(pro-DOPA), where P = polystyrene and pro-DOPA is protected l -DOPA. These modified polystyrene supports are easily prepared, require no special storage treatment, and are convenient to use in an automated 6-[ 18 F]fluoro- l -DOPA production system.
Screening for Postpartum Depression in a Rural Community

Postpartum depression is a serious mental health issue affecting as many as 10-15% of families during the postpartum period. The current study discusses implementation of a screening protocol for postpartum depression in a rural community health setting with a sample of 498 primarily minority women utilizing the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale. Results indicate that 22.5% of the sample population demonstrate some symptoms of postpartum depression, with Hispanic women demonstrating less symptoms than other minority groups. Results also indicate that variables such as race, feeding method and history of depression impact scale scores.
Cardiac specific deletion of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 ameliorates mtMMP-9 mediated autophagy/mitophagy in hyperhomocysteinemia

Autophagy is an important process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases; however, the proximal triggers for mitochondrial autophagy were unknown. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDA-R1) is a receptor for homocysteine (Hcy) and plays a key role in cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac-specific deletion of NMDA-R1 has been shown to ameliorate Hcy-induced myocyte contractility. Hcy activates mitochondrial matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mtMMP-9) and induces translocation of connexin-43 (Cxn-43) to the mitochondria (mtCxn-43). We sought to show cardiac-specific deletion of NMDA-R1 mitigates Hcy-induced mtCxn-43 translocation, mtMMP-9-mediated mtCxn-43 degradation, leading to mitophagy, in part, by decreasing mitochondrial permeability (MPT). Cardiac-specific knockout (KO) of NAMDA-R1 was generated using the cre/lox approach. The myocyte mitochondria were isolated from wild type (WT), WT + Hcy (1.8 g of DL-Hcy/L in the drinking water for 6 weeks), NMDA-R1 KO + Hcy, and NR1(fl/fl)/Cre (NR1(fl/fl)) genetic control mice. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and MPT were measured by fluorescence-dye methods. The mitochondrial superoxide and peroxinitrite levels were detected by confocal microscopy using Mito-SOX and dihydrorhodamine-123. The mtMMP-9 activity and expression were detected by zymography and RT-PCR analyses. The mtCxn-43 translocation was detected by confocal microscopy. The degradation of mtCxn-43 and LC3-I/II (a marker of autophagy) were detected by Western blot. These results suggested that Hcy enhanced intramitochondrial nitrosative stress in myocytes. There was a robust increase in mtMMP-9 activity. An increase in translocation and degradation of mtCxn-43 was also noted. These increases led to mitophagy. The effects were ameliorated by cardiac-specific deletion of NMDA-R1. We concluded that HHcy increased mitochondrial nitrosative stress, thereby activating mtMMP-9 and inciting the degradation of mtCxn-43. This led to mitophagy, in part, by activating NMDA-R1. The findings of this study will lead to therapeutic ramifications for mitigating cardiovascular diseases by inhibiting the mitochondrial mitophagy and NMDA-R1 receptor.
Compartmentalized PKA signaling events are required for synaptic tagging and capture during hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation

Synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent change in the strength of neuronal connections, is a proposed cellular mechanism of memory storage that is critically regulated by protein kinases such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Despite the fact that a neuron contains thousands of synapses, the expression of synaptic plasticity can be specific to subsets of synapses. This is surprising because signal transduction pathways underlying synaptic plasticity involve diffusible second messenger molecules such as cAMP and diffusible proteins such as the catalytic subunit of PKA. One way in which this specificity can be achieved is by the localization of signal transduction molecules to specific subcellular domains. Spatial compartmentalization of PKA signaling is achieved via binding to A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs). We report here that pharmacological inhibition of PKA anchoring impairs synaptically activated late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP) in hippocampal slices. In contrast, potentiation that is induced by the pharmacological activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, which can potentially affect all synapses within the neuron, is not impaired by inhibition of PKA anchoring. These results suggest that PKA anchoring may be particularly important for events that occur at the synapse during the induction of L-LTP, such as synaptic tagging and capture. Indeed, our results demonstrate that blocking PKA anchoring impairs synaptic tagging and capture. Thus our data highlight the idea that PKA anchoring may allow for specific populations of synapses to change in synaptic strength in the face of plasticity-related transcription that is cell-wide.
Optimal Design of a Gallager B Noisy Decoder for Irregular LDPC Codes

In this letter, we study the performance of a noisy Gallager B decoder used to decode irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We derive the final bit error rate (BER) as a function of both the transmission noise and processing errors. We allow different components of the decoder associated with certain computational units (i.e., bit and check nodes of varying degrees) to have different processing errors. We formulate an optimization problem to distribute available processing resources across different components of a noisy decoder to achieve minimal BER. Simulations demonstrate that the optimal resource allocation derived from our analysis outperforms uninformed (random) resource assignment.
The prior probabilities of phylogenetic trees

Bayesian methods have become among the most popular methods in phylogenetics, but theoretical opposition to this methodology remains. After providing an introduction to Bayesian theory in this context, I attempt to tackle the problem mentioned most often in the literature: the "problem of the priors" —how to assign prior probabilities to tree hypotheses. I first argue that a recent objection— that an appropriate assignment of priors is impossible— is based on a misunderstanding of what ignorance and bias are. I then consider different methods of assigning prior probabilities to trees. I argue that priors need to be derived from an understanding of how distinct taxa have evolved and that the appropriate evolutionary model is captured by the Yule birth–death process. This process leads to a well-known statistical distribution over trees. Though further modifications may be necessary to model more complex aspects of the branching process, they must be modifications to parameters in an underlying Yule model. Ignoring these Yule priors commits a fallacy leading to mistaken inferences both about the trees themselves and about macroevolutionary processes more generally.
Practical Model for the Community College

Documenting student outcomes is a priority for higher education institutions. Federally-mandated graduation rates are often used as the sole measure of student success. However, this measure fails to document outcomes for students with multiple educational objectives and career paths. Driven by this challenge, the City Colleges of Chicago developed a practical tool to document multiple student outcomes in retention, graduation, transfer, baccalaureate degree attainment, and successful course completion for six years. This six-year longitudinal study utilizes institutional data, National Student Clearinghouse data, earnings data, and statistical modeling to create a comprehensive analysis of student success at the community college. Research findings have been used to enhance instructional and student support services.
Porphyrin Synthesis by Murine Epidermal Cells

Incubation of murine epidermal cells with delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) resulted in a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of porphyrins, predominantly of protoporphyrin. Porphyrin accumulation dec
The Collectivisation of agriculture and the soviet prison camp system

(1993). The Collectivisation of agriculture and the soviet prison camp system. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 45, No. 3, pp. 533-546.
Structural Adhesive Bonds to Primers Electrodeposited on Steel

Abstract Adhesive bond strength and durability were investigated for steel substrates which had been cathodically electroprimed before bonding. Lap shear and torsional impact strengths of two model epoxy adhesives were evaluated. Very poor strengths and durability were found for one adhesive, which was cured with a mixture of three amine curing agents. Scanning electron microscopy and analysis of primer susceptibility to interaction with the curing agents suggested that, for the high concentrations of curing agent in the amine-cured adhesive, chemical and physical degradation of the primer occurred during cure at elevated temperature. For the second adhesive, which was cured with a single imidazole catalyst, excellent strength and durability were obtained, with no evidence of primer degradation. Surprisingly, for this adhesive, strengths to primed steel were up to 88% higher than to cleaned (i.e., degreased) bare steel. The concurrent improvements in environmental durability over bare steel, as assessed b...
Method for reducing background artifacts from images in single-photon emission computed tomography with a uniformly redundant array coded aperture

Uniformly redundant array coded apertures have proven to be useful in the design of collimators for x-ray astronomy. They were initially expected to be equally successful in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Unfortunately, the SPECT images produced by this collimator contain artifacts, which mask the true picture and can lead to false diagnosis. Monte Carlo simulation has shown that the formation of a composite image will significantly reduce these artifacts. A simulation of a tumor in a compressed breast phantom has produced a composite image, which clearly indicates the presence of a 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm tumor with a 6:1 intensity ratio relative to the background tissue.
HIV antiretroviral prophylaxis for injecting drug users

1is based on Cox regression, which we interpret to mean a proportional hazards model. However, the Kaplan-Meier estimates presented (fi gure 2)
Prolonged apnea after orthognathic surgery due to atypical cholinesterase.

Abstract Prolonged apnea (9 hours) after elective orthognathic surgery occurred in a healthy adult female. The patient had previously undergone multiple general anesthetics without any adverse reactions or complications. Measurement of the patient's serum postoperatively confirmed both a qualitative and quantitative defect in the Cholinesterase enzyme. The genetic background for an atypical Cholinesterase phenotype is briefly reviewed. Treatment modalities for this rare condition are also discussed.
Ultrafast infrared and UV-vis studies of the photochemistry of methoxycarbonylphenyl azides in solution.

The photochemistry of 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl azide (2a), 2-methoxycarbonylphenyl azide (3a), and 2-methoxy-6-methoxycarbonylphenyl azide (4a) were studied by ultrafast time-resolved infrared (IR) and UV–vis spectroscopies in solution. Singlet nitrenes and ketenimines were observed and characterized for all three azides. Isoxazole species 3g and 4g are generated after photolysis of 3a and 4a, respectively, in acetonitrile. Triplet nitrene 4e formation correlated with the decay of singlet nitrene 4b. The presence of water does not change the chemistry or kinetics of singlet nitrenes 2b and 3b, but leads to protonation of 4b to produce nitrenium ion 4f. Singlet nitrenes 2b and 3b have lifetimes of 2 ns and 400 ps, respectively, in solution at ambient temperature. The singlet nitrene 4b in acetonitrile has a lifetime of about 800 ps, and reacts with water with a rate constant of 1.9 × 108 L·mol–1·s–1 at room temperature. These results indicate that a methoxycarbonyl group at either the para or ortho position...
Building frames—Effect on fire resistance of floor and ceiling assemblies

In many cases, fire endurance tests of seemingly comparable floor and roof assemblies have yielded different results. The author reports on a current study which, thus far, has involved analyzing thermal moments developed in floor assemblies due to fire exposure, evaluating the distribution of thermal forces to the adjacent building frame, and deriving the resultant reaction of the structure. He discusses techniques for determining the onset of structural collapse mechanisms, using mathematical expressions for the change in modulus of elasticity and yield stress as a function of temperature.
Intermittency in nuclear multifragmentation at relativistic energy.

The charge distribution of nuclear fragments for the nonfissile events of {sup 238}U at 0.96{ital A} GeV in nuclear emulsion is fitted with a power law. The method of scaled factorial moments is used to study fluctuations in the nuclear fragmentations. An intermittent behavior is found in the data, but no clear evidence of critical phenomenon is observed in nuclear fragmentation.
Modular Coil Design for the Ultra-Low Aspect Ratio Quasi-Axially Symmetric Stellarator MHH2

A family of two field-period quasi-axisymmetric stellarators generally known as MHH2 with aspect ratios of only ~2.5 was found. These configurations have low field ripples and excellent confinement of alpha particles. This discovery raises the hope that a compact stellarator reactor may eventually be designed with the property of tokamak transport and stellarator stability. In this paper we demonstrate that smooth modular coils may be designed for this family of configurations that not only yield plasmas with good physics properties but also possess engineering properties desirable for compact power producing reactors. We show designs featuring 16 modular coils with ratios of major radius to minimum coil-plasma separation ~5.5, major radius to minimum coil-coil separation ~10 and the maximum field in coil bodies to the field on axis ~2 for 0.2 m2 conductors. These coils is expected to allow plasmas operated at 5% beta with alpha energy loss les10% for a reactor of major radius les9 m at 5 T
Self-control as a protective factor against overweight status in the transition from childhood to adolescence.

Objective To determine whether more self-controlled children are protected from weight gain as they enter adolescence.
Relationships among nutrients, chloride and biological indices in urban Maryland streams

Using a spatially extensive urban database constructed from the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS), we describe the relationships of nutrients in small-order streams to eight defined categories of percent catchment urbanization, correlations between chloride and conductivity in urban streams, and relationships between nutrients and chloride with two Maryland-specific indices of biotic integrity for benthic macroinvertebrates and fish assemblages. Stream nutrients become elevated with increasing percent catchment urbanization, followed by increases in all four measured nitrogen species and total phosphorus at catchment urbanization levels greater than 10%. There was a strong collinear relationship (r 2 = 0.90) between chloride and conductivity (trimeans) across all eight urbanization classes, where Cl (mg/L) = −0.397 + 0.188*conductivity (μS/cm). Critical values for all water quality parameters with the two Maryland biological indices were derived using quantile regression, with significant regressions developed for 11 of 16 water quality parameters and the two biotic indices. For nitrate (NO3-N), the critical thresholds between fair and poor stream quality for the two Maryland biological indices were 0.83 mg/L (benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages) and 0.86 mg/L (fish assemblages). Increasing stream nutrient and chloride levels, associated with widespread catchment urbanization intensity, now affect many small streams in Maryland, with implications for decreasing water quality in major tributaries and the Chesapeake Bay.
The Invisible Gorilla Strikes Again Sustained Inattentional Blindness in Expert Observers

Researchers have shown that people often miss the occurrence of an unexpected yet salient event if they are engaged in a different task, a phenomenon known as inattentional blindness. However, demonstrations of inattentional blindness have typically involved naive observers engaged in an unfamiliar task. What about expert searchers who have spent years honing their ability to detect small abnormalities in specific types of images? We asked 24 radiologists to perform a familiar lung-nodule detection task. A gorilla, 48 times the size of the average nodule, was inserted in the last case that was presented. Eighty-three percent of the radiologists did not see the gorilla. Eye tracking revealed that the majority of those who missed the gorilla looked directly at its location. Thus, even expert searchers, operating in their domain of expertise, are vulnerable to inattentional blindness.