cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P219: Mice Exposed To Early Life Stress Have Impaired Autonomic Activity At Baseline And In Response To Acute Stress In Adulthood

Early life stress (ELS) is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in adulthood in both humans and rodent models. Maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW), a mo...
Ocular macrophage origin and heterogeneity during steady state and experimental choroidal neovascularization

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) commonly causes vision loss from aberrant angiogenesis, termed choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that are necessary for experimental CNV, present in human CNV samples, and can display diverse functions, which are dependent upon both their origin and tissue microenvironment. Despite these associations, choroidal macrophage heterogeneity remains unexplored. We performed multi-parameter flow cytometry on wildtype (WT) and Ccr2−/− mice after laser injury to identify macrophage subtypes, and determine which subsets originate from classical monocytes. To fate map tissue resident macrophages at steady state and after laser injury, we used the Cx3cr1CreER/+ ; Rosa26zsGFP/+ mouse model. We reanalyzed previously published single-cell RNA-seq of human choroid samples from healthy and nAMD patients to investigate human macrophage heterogeneity, disease association, and function. We identified 4 macrophage subsets in mice: microglia, MHCII+CD11c−, MHCII+CD11c+, and MHCII−. Microglia are tissue resident macrophages at steady state and unaffected by laser injury. At steady state, MHCII− macrophages are long lived, tissue resident macrophages, while MHCII+CD11c− and MHCII+CD11c+ macrophages are partially replenished from blood monocytes. After laser injury, MHCII+CD11c− macrophages are entirely derived from classical monocytes, MHCII− macrophages originate from classical monocytes (90%) and an expansion of tissue resident macrophages (10%), and MHCII+CD11c+ macrophages are derived from classical monocytes (70%), non-classical monocytes (10%), and an expansion of tissue resident macrophages (20%). Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of human choroid found 5 macrophage subsets: two MHCII+CD11C− and three MHCII+CD11C+ populations. One MHCII+CD11C+ subset was 78% derived from a patient with nAMD. Differential expression analysis identified up-regulation of pro-angiogenic gene expression in one MHCII+CD11C− and two MHCII+CD11C+ subsets, including the disease-associated cluster. The upregulated MHCII+CD11C− pro-angiogenic genes were unique compared to the increased MHCII+CD11C+ angiogenesis genes. Macrophage origin impacts heterogeneity at steady state and after laser injury in mice. Both mice and human patients demonstrate similar macrophage subtypes. Two discrete pro-angiogenic macrophage populations exist in the human choroid. Targeting specific, pro-angiogenic macrophage subsets is a potential novel therapeutic for nAMD.
Familial Interdependence, Socioeconomic Disadvantage, and the Formation of Familial Mentoring Relationships Within Black Families:

This study used an explanatory sequential mixed-method design to explore the association between familial interdependence and familial mentoring relationship presence within black families. This st...
Complete Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Siphophage Salva.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative pathogen causing severe and often refractory illnesses such as pneumonia and bacteremia. We present the genome of phage Salva, a novel S. maltophilia phage that is not closely related to any phages currently deposited in GenBank. The genome is 60,789 bp, containing 102 putative protein-coding genes.
Of Dipoles and Spherical Cows

OCTOBER 2003 | A physicist was asked to advise a dairy farmer on ways to improve the productivity of cows. At their first meeting the physicist drew a large circle on his notepad and said to the farmer, “Let us consider a spherical cow.” The farmer regarded this as a joke. The physicist, however, was serious; his tools—his methods of empirical analysis—when applied to a cow revealed that a sphere is an accurate representation of a cow. The puzzled farmer asked about the head, surely an important feature. The physicist thought about the matter, and after further empirical analyses, attached a small circle to the large one. To his surprise, the farmer was unimpressed with a cow composed of two spheres, one large, one tiny. The farmer explained that what interests him most are the teats on the udder, that being where he gets the milk. Interannual fluctuations in the Indian Ocean have a complex structure. Certain types of analyses indicate that much of that variability is associated with the presence of El Nino in the Pacific and amounts to consistent changes in the rainfall patterns, surface winds, etc. Some colleagues are adamant that these analyses tell us everything we need to know (Hastenrath 2002; Allan et al. 2001). Others demur and claim that, on certain occasions—in 1961, 1967, and 1994, for example—it is possible to discern something very different in the Indian Ocean: a dipole that is not necessarily related to El Nino (Saji et al. 1999; Rao et al. 2002). Although the evidence is persuasive, this possibility seems to outrage those who are determined to see the world through the filters of their analysis methods. Do they really believe that cows are spherical?
Legal Hybridity in the Philippines: Lessons in Legal Pluralism from Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago

From Kurds in Afghanistan to Muslims in the Philippines, we live in a world in which normative obligations do not always follow political boundaries. For a variety of political, economic, and social reasons, people sometimes find themselves residents of a state they neither helped create nor voluntarily joined. What allegiance do such people owe to the legal systems of the states to which they belong? Should they be permitted to adopt and follow proprietary legal codes that conform to cultural norms but exist distinct from national jurisprudential schemes? As nations throughout the world struggle to find plural solutions to normative conflict, these questions are of vital importance to subnational and supranational legal regimes. In this Article, I explore these issues by drawing on legal pluralism as a methodology to analyze subnational normative conflict. I do so by engaging in a case study of the Philippines, a country which has been a hotbed of conflict for more than 400 years. I first address the mechanisms employed by Spanish and American colonizers in responding to normative conflict in Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. I then proceed to a discussion of the steps taken by the Philippine government to formally recognize Muslim normative obligations, including the adoption of Presidential Decree 1083, the Muslim Code of Personal Laws. Finally, I review the Philippine government’s approach to legal hybridity in the context of four practices identified by Paul Schiff Berman in Global Legal Pluralism: dialectical discourse, margins of appreciation, jurisdictional redundancy, and limited autonomy regimes. I conclude by suggesting that the Philippine government’s approach, though less than fully realized, models the possible benefits of pluralism in a normatively complex and contentious hybrid society.
Effects of ship emissions on sulphur cycling and radiative climate forcing over the ocean

The atmosphere overlying the ocean is very sensitive—physically, chemically and climatically—to air pollution. Given that clouds over the ocean are of great climatic significance, and that sulphate aerosols seem to be an important control on marine cloud formation1, anthropogenic inputs of sulphate to the marine atmosphere could exert an important influence on climate. Recently, sulphur emissions from fossil fuel burning by international shipping have been geographically characterized2, indicating that ship sulphur emissions nearly equal the natural sulphur flux from ocean to atmosphere in many areas3. Here we use a global chemical transport model to show that these ship emissions can be a dominant contributor to atmospheric sulphur dioxide concentrations over much of the world's oceans and in several coastal regions. The ship emissions also contribute significantly to atmospheric non-seasalt sulphate concentrations over Northern Hemisphere ocean regions and parts of the Southern Pacific Ocean, and indirect radiative forcing due to ship-emitted particulate matter (sulphate plus organic material) is estimated to contribute a substantial fraction to the anthropogenic perturbation of the Earth's radiation budget. The quantification of emissions from international shipping forces a re-evaluation of our present understanding of sulphur cycling and radiative forcing over the ocean.
Peptide Synthesis by Extracts from Bacillus subtilis Spores

Abstract Cell-free peptide synthesis by extracts from vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis was analyzed and compared. The initial rate of phenylalanine incorporation in a polyuridylate-directed system was found to be in a similar range for the two extracts. However, spore extracts frequently incorporated less total phenylalanine as did the vegetative cell system. Optimal conditions for amino acid incorporation by spore extracts were found to be similar to those of vegetative cell extracts. Polyphenylalanine synthesis was stimulated by preincubation of both extracts prior to the addition of polyuridylic acid (poly U) and labeled phenylalanine. Both systems showed a dependence on an energy-generating system and were inhibited by chloramphenicol and puromycin. Ribonuclease, but not deoxyribonuclease, inhibited the reaction significantly. The presence of methionine transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAF) and methionyl-tRNAF transformylase was demonstrated in spore extracts. An analysis of several aminoacyl-tRNAs in spores revealed that the relative amounts of these tRNAs were similar to those found in vegetative cells. Only lysine tRNA was found to be present in relatively greater amounts in spores. These results indicate that dormant spores of B. subtilis contain the machinery for the translation of genetic information.
Antisemitismo canino en las Coplas del perro de Alba

The main objective of this essay is to bring to light and examine the Coplas del perro de Alba, a text that until now has been overlooked by critics, whereas its anti-Semitism allows us to relate it to subsequent texts. Moreover, the poem’s distancing from conventional satirical topoi, its incorporation of the dog as a principal enemy of the Jews, and its corresponding elevation of that animal to an almost heroic level permit its interpretation as an emblem of the problematic social interactions in Spain during that time, and even in the modern era.
Chorea associated with gabapentin use in an elderly man.

Abstract Background: Chorea is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by irregular, flowing, nonstereotyped, random, involuntary movements. Huntington disease (HD) and drug-induced chorea account for >50% of adult-onset cases. Chorea associated with gabapentin, an anticonvulsant, has not been well documented. Objective: The purpose of this article was to report a case of chorea that developed in an elderly man being treated with gabapentin for severe anxiety. Case summary: A 75-year-old white man (height, 165.1 cm; weight, 65.8 kg; body mass index, 19.6 kg/m2) with anxiety disorder not otherwise specified was admitted to a geriatric medicine psychiatric unit in Connecticut because of worsening symptoms of anxiety affecting his cognitive ability. On evaluation, the patient had choreiform movements involving the neck, trunk, upper and lower extremities, and tongue. The patient reported that symptoms began after taking gabapentin 300 mg PO TID (prescribed by his geriatrician) for the treatment of anxiety. The patient had been taking gabapentin for >1 month when the symptoms first appeared. There was no known family history of HD, and patient workup was unremarkable for other conditions (eg, vascular disease of the brain, progressive dementia, infectious and metabolic disorders) that might present with chorea. The chorea lasted for ~4 months and resolved within 2 days after gabapentin discontinuation. Conclusion: This article reports a case of chorea in an elderly patient who was receiving gabapentin for the treatment of anxiety. After gabapentin discontinuation, the chorea resolved completely, indicating a probable adverse drug reaction.
Optical Measurements on Thin Films of Condensed Gases at Low Temperatures

A determination of the refractive indices of thin films of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, water, argon, neon, and krypton condensed at 4.2°K was made. These were obtained for the 5461 A line of Hg with an ellipsometer. Similar measurements were also made on films of these gases condensed after passage through a microwave discharge. With the exception of N2 and Kr, measurable differences in refractive indices were observed between films condensed from discharged and undischarged gases.
Objective data alignment and chemometric analysis of comprehensive two-dimensional separations with run-to-run peak shifting on both dimensions

Data from comprehensive two-dimensional (2-D) separation techniques, such as comprehensive 2-D gas chromatography (GC x GC), liquid chromatography/liquid chromatography (LC x LC) and liquid chromatography/ capillary electrophoresis (LC x CE) can be readily analyzed by various chemometric methods to increase chemical analysis capabilities. A retention time alignment, preprocessing method is presented that objectively corrects for run-to-run retention time variations on both separation dimensions of comprehensive 2-D separations prior to application of chemometric data analysis algorithms. The 2-D alignment method corrects for run-to-run shifting of a sample data matrix relative to a standard data matrix on both separation time axes in an independent, stepwise fashion. After 2-D alignment, the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) is successfully applied, substantiating the performance of the alignment method. The alignment method should have important implications, because most 2-D separation techniques exhibit, in the context of chemometric data analysis, considerable run-to-run retention time shifting on both dimensions. Even when there are only three to four points/peak, that is, with three to four separations on the second dimension (column 2) per peak width from the first dimension (column 1), the 2-D alignment coupled with GRAM provides dependable analyte peak identification capabilities and adequate quantitative precision for unresolved analyte peaks. Thus, the 2-D alignment algorithm is applicable to lower data density conditions, which broadens the scope of chemometric analysis to high-speed 2-D separations.
Efficient THz generation and frequency upconversion in GaP crystals

Abstract We have developed a widely-tunable monochromatic THz source based on phase-matched difference-frequency generation (DFG) in a GaP crystal. By using a 20-mm-long GaP crystal the output wavelength was tuned in the range of 71.1–2830 μm whereas the highest peak power was 15.6 W. The advantage of using GaP over birefringent non-linear-optical crystals is obvious: crystal rotation is no longer required for wavelength tuning. Instead, one just needs to tune the wavelength of one mixing beam within a bandwidth of as narrow as 15.3 nm. Most recently, we observed THz frequency upconversion by mixing a THz wave with an infrared laser beam in another GaP crystal. The lowest energy per pulse measured by us was 780 pJ whereas the wavelength range of the detectable THz waves was 113.6–128.3 μm. This scheme allows us to measure the pulse energy density, wavelength, linewidth, and pulse width of a THz beam at non-cryogenic temperatures. We have also discussed a few mechanisms for further enhancing the conversion efficiencies of the two parametric processes.
EIGENVALUES FOR THE DECISION SCIENCES

This paper gives an example of how to structure a set of lectures on eigenvalues and eigenvectors for students of economics, finance, or any of the other decision sciences. It is presented in a fairly self-contained style, suitable for the relative beginner, but its main purpose is to present the instructor with a way to motivate definitions and tie key concepts together.
A polarization approach for quasioptical phase measurement

A technique has been developed for measurement of the phase of reflection and transmission coefficients for single-axis millimeterwave quasioptical systems. The method is verified by measurements of dielectric-mounted strip arrays. Application of the method to monolithic millimeter-wave diode arrays is discussed. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computation is Process

Various authors define forms of computation as specialized types of processes. As the scope of computation widens, the range of such specialties increases. Dennis J. Frailey posits that the essence of computation can be found in any form of process, hence the title and the thesis of this paper.
Stem and Root Carbohydrate Dynamics in Modern vs. Obsolete Cotton Cultivars

Abstract Starch reserves in the lower stem and root are important sources of photoassimilates for completion of reproductive development in cotton. The objective of this research was to determine if carbohydrate levels in the lower stem and roots have been altered because of more than 100 years of breeding efforts. In 2001 and 2002, 33 cultivars released from 1900 to 2000 were evaluated. In addition, two elite lines were included in 2002. Plants were sampled at first bloom and cutout. Tissues were analyzed for starch content and concentration by using a colorimetric technique. Analysis of variance by year revealed cultivar differences for starch concentration at both sample times, but starch content was only significant at first bloom in 2002. These differences, though, did not show a strong relationship with release date, indicating that a century of breeding efforts had not altered stem and root starch dynamics. Orthogonal contrast did reveal differences in starch content and concentration between obsol...
Body snatching and episcopal power: Archbishop Anno II of Cologne (1056–1075), burials in St Mary's ad gradus, and the minority of King Henry IV

This paper examines one method employed by Anno of Cologne (1056–1075) to assert power during Henry IV's minority: the confiscation of the bodies of well-known individuals, and their subsequent interment in Anno's own foundation of St Mary's ad gradus in Cologne. Sited immediately east of the cathedral ‘on the steps’ leading up from the Rhine, St Mary's functioned as a ceremonial reception church. Its prototype was Santa Maria in turri, part of the east atrium complex of Old St Peter's in Rome. The burial of notable remains in St Mary's ad gradus was part of Anno's intent to make the see of Cologne supreme over all rivals. After coercing interments in the early 1060s, Anno in 1064 ordered that the body of Duke Konrad of Bavaria (†1055) be exhumed in Hungary—where Konrad had died in exile after being accused of treason against Henry III—and translated to Cologne for burial in St Mary's ad gradus. The reinterment of Konrad was a statement of spite directed towards Henry IV, no longer under the control of An...
Data security breach: seeking a prescription for adequate remedy

Data security breaches are increasing in frequency and scope. Current law provides for remedy to the few victims who suffer immediate identity theft and catch the perpetrators. Little help is now available to those not yet tangibly victimized, whose exposed data has left them highly vulnerable to identity theft for years to come, long after the statute of limitations runs out for the initial breach. This paper examines legal issues involved in data breaches, including the damage done to breach victims and the liability of data custodians. Applicable state and federal laws are reviewed, along with representative court decisions in data breach cases. Finally, possible legal remedies for data breach victims are discussed.
In the absence of protein, estradiol suppresses meiosis of porcine oocytes in vitro

The effect of estradiol on the spontaneous maturation of porcine oocytes was investigated. Cumulus-enclosed (intact) and cumulus-free (denuded) oocytes were cultured in the presence of estradiol-17 beta (0 to 10 microgram/ml) in a chemically defined bicarbonate-buffered medium that contained either dextran or BSA, or in a complex Hepes-buffered medium that was supplemented with serum. After 24 hr, chromatin spreads were prepared and meiotic maturation was scored. The biochemical integrities of the cumulus cells were assessed by determination of the estradiol and progesterone content of spent media after culture of intact oocytes in the presence of 0.5 X 10(-6) M testosterone and 10 microgram/ml follicle-stimulating hormone. Estradiol did not significantly affect the onset of maturation of either intact or denuded oocytes that were cultured in medium containing either BSA or serum. In serum-supplemented medium, however, the progression of maturation beyond metaphase I was significantly affected by the steroid in a dose-dependent manner. The steroid significantly inhibited the release from meiotic arrest of both types of oocyte cultured in medium supplemented with dextran. Supplementation of all media with testosterone and FSH significantly stimulated the synthesis of estradiol by the cumulus cells, compared with that of control groups. The synthesis of progesterone, however, was significantly stimulated by testosterone and FSH only in the BSA and serum-supplemented media. It is concluded that exogenous estradiol has the capacity to arrest meiosis in vitro but that this capacity can only be expressed if no exogenous protein(s) is present. In the absence of exogenous protein, progesterone synthesis by the adherent cumulus cells is minimal.
TORCH testing in HIV-infected women.

The issue of TORCH testing in pregnant women infected with the HIV virus remains confusing, even more so than it is in the non-HIV-infected gravida. Unfortunately, the data presented in this article make the recommendations of how to test for these various infections in pregnancy that much more difficult. Patients who are newly diagnosed as being HIV-infected and referred for prenatal care or who have not had TORCH testing probably should be tested. Thus, the prenatal patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection should be tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies. If positive for IgG antibodies, IgM antibodies should be obtained in an attempt to rule out acute T. gondii infection. Patients who test negative do not require any further testing until after the pregnancy unless they are severely immunocompromised and show signs and symptoms of toxoplasmosis. Antibodies (IgG) to CMV should be obtained in the HIV-infected gravida who is at high risk for CMV disease, i.e., patients with CD4+ T cell counts less than 100/mm3. Unfortunately, the previously described problems with antibody detection make this testing less than ideal; thus, it is not routinely recommended in the HIV-infected pregnant patient who presents for prenatal care except for those at risk of disease reactivation. As for herpes simplex virus testing, there is no value in routinely testing patients prenatally for evidence of the disease. Finally, syphilis testing in the HIV-infected gravida is of major importance. Once tested, the patient who tests negative and who remains at risk for infection should probably be retested in the third trimester. Patients who are found to have the disease and who are treated need to be tested serially to rule out re-infection or treatment failure.
HPV in teenagers.

Case Presentation: The patient is a 15-yr-old with nephrotic syndrome since age 2. She has had multiple hospitalizations for this. Her nephrotic syndrome is steroid resistant and cyclosporine dependent. She comes in for an annual exam and was found to have a LGSIL Pap smear. She had three normal Pap smears in the past. Her sexual debut was at age 14 and she has had approximately three partners. She has had her current partner for one year and as she is using Depo-Provera for birth control she does not use condoms. She denies other sexually transmitted infections is amenorrheic occasionally smokes and denies alcohol use. Other medical problems include migraines depression and reactive airway disease. Her current medications include: cyclosporine prednisone procardia and enalapril. (excerpt)
Radioimmune assay of carcinoembryonic antigen

Abstract A double antibody technique for the detection and quantitation of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in nanogram quantities is described. This antigen is characteristic of adenocarcinoma of digestive organs. The assay employs three γ-emitting radioisotopes. A computer program has been written to enable rapid calculation of results. The assay is of value in following the isolation and characterization of CEA and may also prove useful as a test for the detection of certain forms of cancer.
Rapid fabrication of biocompatible hydrogels microdevices using laser interference lithography

We report on fabrication of periodic arrays of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA), a biocompatible hydrogel, useful in biomedical applications. The structures were produced by means of multi beam laser interference lithography with both nanosecond (266 and 355 nm of wavelengths with pulses lasting 10 ns) and femtosecond pulsed lasers (800 nm of wavelength and 90 fs laser pulses). Configurations involving two, four and five laser beams were utilized obtaining a wide variety of patterns with different feature sizes in the micrometer scale. Through this technique, we demonstrated the ability to fabricate high feature density patterns over large areas without the use of templates or masks. In addition, resolution and geometrical characteristic of the periodic arrays are discussed as function of pulse duration and laser processing parameters. The photopolymerization nature of the process was also investigated.
Technical considerations in manual and instrument tying techniques

The purpose of this study was to relate the two-hand (manual) and instrument tie techniques with the ultimate security of granny and square knots constructed in multifilament and monofilament nylon sutures. Instrument-tie technique constructed secure granny and square knots, which failed by breakage rather than slippage. Similarly, two-hand (manual) tie techniques constructed square knots, which achieved knot security, failing only by breakage. In contrast, knot security was not reliably achieved with granny knots constructed by the two-hand (manual) tie techniques, with the knots frequently failing by slippage.
Numerical assessment of a class of RF propagation path loss models for wireless communications

Channel capacity in wireless communications is affected by the signal loss between a pair a transmitter and receiver and is studied here for the simple case of a two-ray model over a lossy half space. This is a classic Sommerfeld problem and has recently been extensively studied by Sarkar et. al. Approximate models often provide rapid solutions but their limitations are as such unknown. In this investigation the nature of decay of the field strength and propagation path loss is explored through rigorous and approximate solvers for r.f. propagation modeling. The present results show that the rigorous solutions predicts much lower field strengths than the approximate models which could significantly affect the channel quality.
Two-voice music programming system: The PDP-9 as an automatic electronic organ

A small computer was programmed to translate two-part musical scores into tables of numbers which were then used in the execution of the music through an amplifier and loudspeaker. The objective was to create sets of tape recordings to be used in psychophysical testing of the discriminabilities and preferabilities of music played on different pitch scales. The close tolerances in the timing of events in such stimulus materials demand special programming techniques and hardware components. The working system is described, and recommendations are made concerning the main features of an improved system.
Study of Hydrophilic Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Filtration of Micro and Nanosize Suspended Particles

Polymeric nanofiber membranes of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were fabricated using an electrospinning process at different conditions and used for the filtration of three different liquid suspensions to determine the efficiency of the filter membranes. The three liquid suspensions included lake water, abrasive particles from a water jet cutter, and suspended magnetite nanoparticles. The major goal of this research work was to create highly hydrophilic nanofiber membranes and utilize them to filter the suspended liquids at an optimal level of purification (i.e., drinkable level). In order to overcome the fouling/biofouling/blocking problems of the membrane, a coagulation process, which enhances the membrane’s efficiency for removing colloidal particles, was used as a pre-treatment process. Two chemical agents, Tanfloc (organic) and Alum (inorganic), were chosen for the flocculation/coagulation process. The removal efficiency of the suspended particles in the liquids was measured in terms of turbidity, pH, and total dissolved solids (TDS). It was observed that the coagulation/filtration experiments were more efficient at removing turbidity, compared to the direct filtration process performed without any coagulation and filter media.
Noncovalent Interactions between Unsolvated Peptides: Dissociation of Helical and Globular Peptide Complexes

The thermally activated unimolecular dissociation of some unsolvated complexes of helical and globular alanine/glycine-based peptides have been studied by electrospray mass spectrometry and ion mobility measurements. Rate constants have been measured as a function of temperature, and activation energies and entropies have been determined for dissociation of the Ac-(GA)7K·Ac-A(GA)7K + 2H+ (Ac = acetyl, G = glycine, A = alanine, and K = lysine) dimer (dominant conformation assigned to a V-shaped helical dimer) and the 2Ac-(GA)7K·Ac-A(GA)7K + 3H+ and Ac-(GA)7K·2Ac-A(GA)7K + 3H+ trimers (dominant conformation assigned to a pinwheel-shaped helical trimer). The activation energies were found to be 91 kJ mol-1 for the dissociation of the dimer, and 72 and 77 kJ mol-1 for dissociation of the trimers. A key advantage of the experimental approach described here is that it permits the conformations of the dissociating peptides to be observed. For the Ac-K(GA)7·Ac-KA(GA)7 + 2H+ dimer (which has the lysines at the N-t...
The emergence of a new ideology: The business decisions of the Burger Court.

Unlike the Vinson and Warren Courts, efforts to cumulatively scale the business decisions of the Burger Court on the basis of the justices' responses toward economic liberalism have proven unsuccessful. Several reasons are advanced for this change including the Court's attitude to transfers of power between state government, federal government, and individual business entities; the exercise of agency or judicial power; and two-case characteristics. Through the use of probit, we find that distinct patterns exist among the independent variables in relation to the direction of the Court's decision. Based on the explanatory power of our model, it is evident that a new ideology has emerged: "instrumental libertarianism," in which the Court effectuates its libertarianism through the exercise of judicial power, agency action, and considerations of federalism.
Mixed methods for fourth-order elliptic and parabolic problems using radial basis functions

By extending Wendland’s meshless Galerkin methods using RBFs, we develop mixed methods for solving fourth-order elliptic and parabolic problems by using RBFs. Similar error estimates as classical mixed finite element methods are proved.
Web-Based Instruction on Preservice Teachers' Knowledge of Fraction Operations

This study determines whether web-based instruction (WBI) represents an improved method for helping preservice teachers learn procedural and conceptual knowledge of fractions.. The purpose was to compare the effectiveness of web-based instruction (WBI) with the traditional lecture in mathematics content and methods for the elementary school course. The results of this study suggest that the use of WBI in learning fractions is more effective. When compared with the traditional instruction, the WBI treatment results were significantly more effective for procedural and conceptual knowledge of fraction operations.
Behavioral Despair and Home-Cage Activity in Mice with Chronically Elevated Baseline Corticosterone Concentrations

Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis resulting in elevated baseline glucocorticoid concentrations is a hallmark of stress-related human anxiety and affective disorders, including depression. Mice from four replicate lines bred for high voluntary wheel running (HR lines) run almost three times as much as four non-selected control (C) lines, and exhibit two fold elevated baseline circulating corticosterone levels throughout the 24 h cycle. Although elevated baseline CORT may be beneficial for high locomotor activity, chronic elevations can have deleterious effects on multiple systems, and may predispose for affective disorders. Because stressful events often precede a depressive bout, we quantified depressive-like behavior in the forced-swim (FST; generation 41) and tail-suspension tests (TST; generation 47) in HR and C mice that had wheel access for 6 days and then were deprived of wheels on day seven prior to the FST or TST. Male HR spent significantly more time immobile in the FST than C, suggesting that HR males have a predisposition for depression-like behavior. Both male and female HR (generation 43) were more active than same-sex controls in both wheel running and home-cage activity across 22 h (pooling the sexes, HR/C = 2.28 and 2.66, respectively).
A “Nutcracker” Theory of Modern Organizations: A Conflict View

Abstract This paper presents a point of view toward formal organizations which departs from the equilibrium models contained on both bureaucratic and open system theory. Specifically, a conflict perspective is taken in terms of which organization disequilibrium is understood to be typical of organizations as a consequence of their being continually subject to the threat of withdrawal of monetary and non-monetary supports from both internal members and external publics with which organizations are interdependent. The factors contributing to these circumstances of conflict are attributed to recent maturations of rights of citizenship and participatory democracy, the social organization of these sources of conflict are termed the “nutcracker” effect.
Symptom self-management strategies in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer

Aims and objectives To explore the association between symptoms, symptom distress and symptom self-management and to identify effective strategies of symptom self-management in men with non-metastatic prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Background Men receiving treatments for localised prostate cancer experience symptoms of urinary incontinence, urinary obstruction/irritation, bowel difficulties and sexual dysfunction. Understanding patients' symptom experiences and identifying strategies that they use to manage these symptoms are imperative for symptom management planning. Design A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 53 men, who were within three months of the initiation of their treatment. Methods The Symptom Indexes and the Strategy and Effectiveness of Symptom Self-Management questionnaires were used to measure symptoms, symptom distress and symptom self-management. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlations and multiple regressions were used to analyse the data. Results Symptoms were significantly correlated with symptom-related distress (r = 0·67, p < 0·01). Frequency of symptoms was significantly associated with symptom self-management strategies for urinary (β = 0·50, p < 0·01), bowel (β = 0·71, p < 0·01) and sexual problems (β = 0·28, p = 0·05). The most effective strategies were as follows: pads and doing Kegel exercise for managing urinary problems, rest and endurance for bowel symptoms, and expressing feelings and finding alternative ways to express affection for management of sexual dysfunction. Conclusions Assessing symptom self-management among men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer can help healthcare providers develop strategies that will enhance health-related quality of life. Relevance to clinical practice Results provide information on effective strategies that patients with prostate cancer found to reduce their symptoms. The strategies used provide a foundation for developing and testing interventions for personalised symptom management.
Structural, magnetic and neutron diffraction studies on ErMn2ErAl2 and TbMnAl

Abstract Alloys have been prepared by induction techniques and subsequent annealing at 1000°K. Cl4 ErMn2 dissolves 1 mole% ErAl2. Cl5 ErAl2 is stable from 4·5 mole% ErAl2. Ferromagnetism in ErMn2 and ErAl2 changes to an antiferromagnetic exchange admixture at intermediate compositions. These compounds are metamagnetic at cryogenic temperatures and neutron diffraction diagrams reveal the presence of some type of antiferromagnetic order at 4·2°K. This is also the case for TbMnAl. An antiferromagnetic exchange admixture at a free electron concentration
A Far Infrared Sky Survey

Balloon-borne instrumentation for detection of far IR extended emission regions and bright point sources, describing results of initial flights
Schwinger-Dyson equation in QCD: Comparison of some approximations.

Systematic improvements to approximating the ladder Schwinger-Dyson equation in QCD are presented. Improvements considered are the inclusion of higher-order terms in an expansion of the angular integration in the kernel and the inclusion of two-loop terms in the gluon propagator. It is stressed that the latter are necessary when considering the subleading asymptotic behavior of the solutions. Simple means of guaranteeing the correct derivatives at the origin are presented. A compact approximation is given with correct first and second derivatives at the origin and with asymptotic behavior in agreement with operator-product-expansion analysis. The expression for the two-loop asymptotic irregular solution is derived and compared with the renormalization-group result. The expression for the two-loop asymptotic regular solution is also calculated.
137Cs in sediments of Utah Lakes and reservoirs: Effects of elevation, sedimentation rate and fallout history

Abstract Cesium-137 in lentic sediments was measured in 15 impoundments in Utah, two in Oregon, and one in Colorado, Cesium-137 sediment profiles were used to investigate areas that may have received additional fallout from aboveground nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Factors that affected sedimentation rates and patterns in the impoundments were explored. Estimated cumulative deposition and mean sedimentation rates were correlated, and both were inversely related to impoundment elevation. There was evidence for enhanced fallout 137 Cs deposition during the period of most intense aboveground testing from 1951 to 1957 at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) at two locations in southwestern Utah. However, our technique for estimating relative NTS fallout generally yielded greater within-lake variability than between-lake variability. Furthermore, most of the observed 137 Cs deposition in sediments deposited in the 1951–1957 time period could be attributed to global rather than NTS fallout. Thus, in general, differences between impoundments in the relative deposition from NTS fallout could not be statistically demonstrated.
APPLICATIONS OF LYNDON HOMOMORPHISM THEOREMS TO THE THEORY OF MINIMAL MODELS

This paper contains, among others, a concise proof (proof 6.2) of the following fact (theorem 2.7): For every ∀∪Neg-theory Σ and every positive sentence φ, It is demonstrated in this paper (corollary 5.2) that the necessary and sufficient condition for φ, guaranteeing the truthfulness of the above equivalence for every Σ⊆∀, is that φ is equivalent to a sentence which does not contain in a scope of negation an occurrence of a relation symbol other than the equality symbol. The proofs have been constructed using classical model-theoretic tools, thus supporting the thesis that classical logic is adequate for expressing and investigating non-monotonic reasoning patterns.
Effect of Metal Cluster-Cap Interactions on the Catalyzed Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Density functional theory is employed to investigate the interactions between a nine-atom cobalt cluster and single-wall carbon nanotube caps with chiral angles ranging from near zigzag to armchair. With the aim of analyzing the initial stages of nanotube growth, the caps used in our study are the minimal units for which chirality can be defined. Electrostatic potential maps, atomic charges, and electronic density of states are analyzed for the individual caps and cluster and for the cap/cluster coupled system to detect changes triggered by the cap/cluster interactions. It is observed that the metal cluster becomes oxidized, and significant changes are detected in its geometry; such changes are dependent on the cap chirality. Strong electrostatic interactions are found between the cap rim atoms and the cobalt atoms in contact with them. However, the bonding orbitals involved in such strong interactions are dominated by inner rather than by frontier orbitals, which are the ones that most likely would be ab...
The value of applicability: Introducing the Practitioner's Edition on Promoting Academic Success

Each year, advances in research are made in virtually every area in the field of school psychology. Unfortunately, the degree to which this research knowledge is presented to and utilized by practitioners in the schools is not as clear. Discussion about the “gap” between research and practice is not a new problem. One explanation for the gap that exists between current research and practice is that the typical scholarly publication is not developed in a practitioner friendly manner. To address this issue, an annual series of special issues of Psychology in the Schools called the Practitioner's Edition was developed. The intent of these special issues is to publish high-quality, readable, and usable articles that can inform and impact the daily practice of school psychologists and other school-based practitioners. This article overviews the philosophy of the series as well as introduces the first issue of the Practitioner's Edition, which is focused on promoting academic success. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 1–5, 2006.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous complications of calcium infusions

Five infants with hypocalcemia experienced complications after treatment with calcium gluconate intravenously. Inadvertent soft tissue extravasation resulted in erythema, subcutaneous calcification, tissue necrosis, skin slough, and transient radial nerve damage with wrist drop, the latter previously unreported. The soft tissue lesions may be mistaken for cellulitis, abscess, calcified hematoma, or osteomyelitis, resulting in unnecessary antibiotic therapy or surgical intervention. Initially, no clinical abnormality may be apparent. The lesions appear from days to weeks following extravasation. Radiographs are initially negative but soft calcification appears in one to three weeks. Follow-up x-ray films show complete resorption of the calcium over several months. Skin sloughs heal in four to six weeks without skin grafting. Extreme care in the parenteral use of calcium gluconate and conservative treatment of the complications is advocated.
Organizational Culture, Information Technology Capability, and Performance: The Case of Born Global Firms

The increasing economic importance and the number of born global firms make it worthwhile to study what leads to their success in the international market. To better understand this international business phenomenon, we conducted in‐depth interviews with managers, coupled with public database and Web site searches. Research propositions were developed based on an extensive qualitative method. The relationship between organizational culture, information technology capability, and performance is proposed in the context of born global firms, based on viewing the concept of IT capability from the resource‐based view. We further provide recommendations for managers, theoretical contributions and suggestions for future research.
Potentiation of (DL)‐3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced toxicity by the serotonin 2A receptior partial agonist d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and the protection of same by the serotonin 2A/2C receptor antagonist MDL 11,939

To elucidate the role of the serotonin (5-HT)2A/2C receptors in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity, MDMA was administered to rats and the presence of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) was assessed at the protein level with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the RNA level with a Northern blotting technique. d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and MDL 11,939 were given in conjunction with MDMA in order to assess the importance of 5-HT receptors in MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. The hypothesis is that the MDMA + LSD-treated animals should have more neurotoxicity as measured by loss of 5-HTTs compared to the MDMA-treated animals. Moreover, the loss of 5-HTTs should be attenuated in animals given the combination of MDMA + MDL 11,939, as the latter drug is a selective 5-HT2A/2C antagonist. The results showed that MDMA-induced neurotoxicity was dose dependently increased by LSD. Moreover, the drug MDL 11,939 attenuated MDMA-induced neurotoxicity, suggesting that 5-HT2A/2C receptors are involved in MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.
Trajectory Design in the Sun-Earth-Moon System Using Lunar Gravity Assists

Theobjectiveofthisworkisthedevelopmentofefe cienttechniquesforthepreliminarydesignoftrajectoriesthat encounterthemoonandmustsatisfyspecie ctrajectoryrequirements,suchasapogeeplacement,launchconstraints, or end-state targeting. These types of trajectories are highly applicable to mission design in the restricted threeand four-body problems. The general solution approach proceeds in three steps. In the initial analysis, conic arcs and/or other types of trajectory segments are connected at patch points to construct a e rst approximation. Next, multiconic methods are used to incorporate any additional force model effects that may have been neglected in the initial analysis. An optimization procedure is then employed to reduce the effective velocity discontinuities while satisfyinganyconstraints.Finally,anumericaldifferentialcorrectionsprocessresultsinafullycontinuousmultiplelunar-swingby trajectory that satise es the constraints and includes appropriate lunar and solar gravitational models.
The modal equations in relativity

Abstract The modal equations are investigated under relativistic transformations and found to be invariant. The mathematical and physical significance of this condition is discussed.