cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bocavirus Infection Induces Mitochondrion-Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest at G2/M Phase

Bocavirus is a newly classified genus of the family Parvovirinae. Infection with Bocavirus minute virus of canines (MVC) produces a strong cytopathic effect in permissive Walter Reed/3873D (WRD) canine cells. We have systematically characterized the MVC infection-produced cytopathic effect in WRD cells, namely, the cell death and cell cycle arrest, and carefully examined how MVC infection induces the cytopathic effect. We found that MVC infection induces an apoptotic cell death characterized by Bax translocalization to the mitochondrial outer membrane, disruption of the mitochondrial outer membrane potential, and caspase activation. Moreover, we observed that the activation of caspases occurred only when the MVC genome was replicating, suggesting that replication of the MVC genome induces apoptosis. MVC infection also induced a gradual cell cycle arrest from the S phase in early infection to the G(2)/M phase at a later stage, which was confirmed by the upregulation of cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of cdc2. Cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase was reproduced by transfection of a nonreplicative NS1 knockout mutant of the MVC infectious clone, as well as by inoculation of UV-irradiated MVC. In contrast with other parvoviruses, only expression of the MVC proteins by transfection did not induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MVC infection induces a mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis that is dependent on the replication of the viral genome, and the MVC genome per se is able to arrest the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase. Our results may shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of Bocavirus infection in general.
Effect of Damping Constant on Magnetic Switching in Spin Torque Driven Perpendicular MRAM

In this paper, we present a spin torque included dynamic micromagnetic modeling investigation on the perpendicular magnetoresistive random access memory design. A small inject current always generates a steady magnetization precession of the composite storage layer around perpendicular axis. For a given current density, the precession frequency is lower when the Gilbert damping constant of the perpendicular layer is higher. It is found that magnetization reversal of the perpendicular storage layer occurs when the lateral precession frequency reaches the ferromagnetic resonance condition. To reach the required precession frequency, a higher current density is required for a great value of damping constant of the perpendicular layer
American Civic Community Over Space and Time

The civic community perspective focuses on important community organizations such as locally oriented business establishments, civic organizations, associations, churches, and the body politic. These critical institutions are thought to benefit communities through an enhanced quality of life, more civic engagement by the citizenry, and a strong capacity for local problem solving. This work has been largely cross-sectional and aspatial. The line of work has had limited utility in addressing themes like Putnam’s Bowling Alone hypothesis that social capital is in decline. In the present work, we address both temporal and spatial trends in the U.S. since 1980. We find considerable variation across time and space that cast doubt on notions of a sweeping secular decline in American social capital.
Celebrity political endorsements matter

Celebrities pervade all aspects of society and audiences ‘productively consume’ these celebrity images (Turner 2013, p. 23). Consequently, celebrities serve as ‘promotional boosters’ for consumer p...
Spirituality and Religion among the General Public: Implications for Social Work Discourse

Conceptualizations play a central role in social work discourse, shaping actions in the areas of practice, research, and education. Although many formulations of spirituality and religion have been advanced by social work scholars, the views of members of the general public have been largely absent from the professional conversation. The present article adds to the profession's evolving discussion on spirituality and religion by describing common understandings of spirituality and religion among the general population and by discussing the implication of these views for social work discourse on spirituality and religion. By understanding common views among the public, the social work profession is better positioned to provide ethical and professional services that respect clients' spiritual beliefs and values.
Interface design challenge for brain-computer interaction

Great things can be achieved even with very low bandwidth. Stephen Hawking has been able to break new ground in theoretical physics just by twitching his hand and cheek. Jean-Dominique Bauby was able to write a bestselling memoir by blinking one eyelid. By reading and decoding "brain-waves", the field of brain-computer interfacing (BCI) is poised to open up the possibility of such expression, even for people who can no longer move a single muscle. A BCI still requires an HCI front-end to be of practical use, but many currentlyused HCIs do not adequately address limitations on the typical target user's input (e.g., limited eye movement leading to poor spatial vision) or output (e.g. variable delays, and false positives/negatives, in "pressing the button"). In this symposium, BCI experts will present their view of the challenges arising from these limitations. The HCI community is invited to participate in a competition to provide the best solutions.
Underpricing, Stabilization, and Governance

Arugaslan, Cook, and Kieschnick (2004) challenge underpricing results obtained from conventional cross-sectional regression analysis on the grounds that standard methods fail to properly account for underwriter price stabilization and adequately capture variations in information asymmetries related to firm size. We find that results from the long-standing methods for estimating underpricing relations are robust to one's choice of size proxy. We obtain consistent estimates of underpricing determinants from censored regressions of first-day returns and from least squares regressions of longer horizon returns, whereas estimates from the mixed distribution proposed by Arugaslan et al. are sensitive to distribution assumptions and starting values.
Infecting the Body Politic: Observations on Health Security and the “Undesirable” Immigrant

Sovereign nations may refuse admission to migrants who are either physically or mentally ill or disabled. Nations have commonly preferred an ideal class — the physically and mentally healthy — to the “undesirable” migrant who is unhealthy or disabled. Both exclusions are traditionally justified as a nation’s prerogative to choose its membership. Nations defend exclusionary safeguards by the need to protect their citizens against contagions from the outside world. Immigrants who are physically or mentally disabled do not pose the same threat, but they may require state services and support, what U.S. immigration law terms a “public charge.” Mental illness is a different category altogether, in that public safety may be an issue, in addition to the need for state welfare expenditures.Mental disorder as a disqualification for entering the U.S., and accordingly disqualification for U.S. citizenship, has a long history. On two notable occasions in the past, Congress has focused specifically on mental health of would-be immigrants — the first decade of twentieth century, and again in the early 1950s. At the same time, state officials desired to rid themselves of “undesirable” non-citizens housed in state institutions. The solution was to collaborate with the federal government to deport them on mental health grounds. In 1926, for example, 796 persons were deported for “insanity” or “epilepsy,” 257 for “other mental conditions,” and 887 as “likely to become a public charge,” out of nearly 11,000 total deportations that year. With established interests to protect, the United States along with every other nation imposes constraints on citizenship and migration by self-selection. The screen of “health security” is used to cover policy choices — whether to assume the risk of successfully managing contagious disease; whether to assume the burden of managing mental illness — that have shaped immigration policy for more than a century. The foremost difference is that contagious disease presents a verifiable condition, where mental illness has been defined in such hazy terms as to be applicable to just about anyone — or at least, as Justice Douglas argued, anyone “unpopular.”
Unidirectional pulmonary airflow in vertebrates: a review of structure, function, and evolution

Mechanisms explaining unidirectional pulmonary airflow in birds, a condition where lung gases flow in a consistent direction during both inspiration and expiration in some parts of the lung, were suggested as early as the first part of the twentieth century and unidirectional pulmonary airflow has been discovered recently in crocodilians and squamates. Our knowledge of the functional anatomy, fluid dynamics, and significance of this trait is reviewed. The preponderance of the data indicates that unidirectional airflow is maintained by means of convective inertia in inspiratory and expiratory aerodynamic valves in birds. The study of flow patterns in non-avian reptiles is just beginning, but inspiratory aerodynamic valving likely also plays an important role in controlling flow direction in these lungs. Although highly efficient counter and cross-current blood-gas exchange arrangements are possible in lungs with unidirectional airflow, very few experiments have investigated blood-gas exchange mechanisms in the bird lung and blood-gas arrangements in the lungs of non-avian reptiles are completely unknown. The presence of unidirectional airflow in non-volant ectotherms voids the traditional hypothesis that this trait evolved to supply the high aerobic demands of flight and endothermy, and there is a need for new scenarios in our understanding of lung evolution. The potential value of unidirectional pulmonary airflow for allowing economic lung gas mixing, facilitating lung gas washout, and providing for adequate gas exchange during hypoxic conditions is discussed.
Anticipatory governance: A tool for climate change adaptation

Problem: Human and natural systems will probably have to adapt to climate change impacts, but this cannot be planned for using the traditional approach based on predictions because of the subject's...
Effect of cold-exposure and fasting on pathways of hepatic glucose oxidation.

SummaryMetabolism of glucose-1-C14 and glucose-6-C14 was studied in liver slices from control rats (fed at 25°C) and cold-fasted rats (fasted 24 hours at 0–2°C). Evidence is presented that suggests that carbohydrate metabolism is diverted towards the hexose monophosphate pathway in the liver of cold-fasted rats. The depressed hepatic fatty acid synthesis in the cold-fasted rat is discussed in the light of this new evidence on carbohydrate metabolism.
Menu planning in the Nutrition Program for the Elderly

The concept of Nutrient Standard Menu planning, originally developed for the National School Lunch Program, has now been adapted for application in the Nutrition Program for the Elderly.
Studies on inhibition of 3,4-dihydrophenylethylamine (dopamine) β-oxidasein vitro

Die enzymatische Umwandlung von Dopamin in Norepinephrine wird durch primare Phenylethylamine und Phenylpropylamine sowie durch Pentobarbital gehemmt.
Selenium doping of GaInP by atomic layer epitaxy

Selenium doping of GalnP was performed using atomic layer epitaxy. The dependence of the n-type carrier concentration of Se-doped GalnP on growth temperature was quite different from that of Se-doped GaAs. Reducing growth temperature was found to be a crucial factor in achieving high n-type doping levels in as-grown Se-doped GalnP.
Selecting a stored data approach for mobile apps

Stored data is a critical component of any application. The stored data component of mobile applications (apps) presents special considerations. This paper examines stored data for mobile apps. It identifies three types of mobile apps and describes the stored data characteristics of each type. It proposes decision factors for selecting a data storage approach for a mobile app and the impact of the factors on the usability of the app. The paper surveys over 70 apps in a specific domain (that of walking the Camino de Santiago in Spain) to examine their data storage characteristics. It also presents a case study of the development of one app in this domain (eCamino) and how the decision factors were applied in selecting the stored data approach for this app. The paper also discusses the implications of the research for apps in other domains. The paper concludes that in general the data storage approach selected for a mobile app depends on the characteristics of the situation in which the app will be used, but in the domain examined one particular approach (synchronized data storage) has clear benefits over other approaches.
Designing embedded control applications with the IDT79R3001

To be an ideal general-purpose embedded control CPU, a processor must provide solutions that meet different sets of criteria. In general, the criteria falls into one of two broad categories: performance or system cost. Performance can be measured in terms of raw throughput, context switch time, and minimum and maximum latency to interrupts. System cost is looked at in terms of component cost and parts count, which are not always the same. The IDT79R3001 RISC microprocessor was defined with these requirements in mind, while keeping software and architectural compatibility with the IDT79R3000. One of the strengths of IDT79R3000 is its ability to support different memory hierarchies and cache configurations. Additions were made to the IDT79R3000 so that the IDT79R3001 would retain the flexibility but be able to address other criteria, such as reduced parts count, small board real estate, and predictable interrupt response. >
Repeal of the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986

On 19 July 1991, President Bush issued Executive Order 12769 repealing the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 (CAAA). Bush stated that “the Government of South Africa has taken all the steps specified in Section 311(a) and Title III Section 501(c) and 504(b) of the act” (exhibit 15). Although other, more limited, sanctions remained in place, this action marked a major shift, both legally and philosophically, in the United States relationship with South Africa. CAAA stipulated five conditions that had to be met before sanctions were lifted: 1. The release of Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners 2. The repeal of the South African state of emergency and the release of all persons detained under it 3. The repeal of the ban (in South Africa) of political parties 4. The repeal of Group Areas and Population Registration Acts 5. Good-faith negotiations with members of the Black majority
White and Red Macules and Patches

It is not uncommon to encounter various white or red macules or patches in pediatric patients. These lesions are often transient and of various origins such as thermal insult, trauma, or frictional irritation. It is important to distinguish these lesions from true leukoplakias and erythroplakias which are by definition premalignant lesions. Fortunately true leuko- and erythroplakias are rare in children and adolescents.
Minimal Residual Disease Detected By Multiparameter Flow Cytometry and Complex Karyotype Are the Major Prognostic Factors for Relapse after HCT

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is considered definitive consolidation therapy for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) once complete remission (CR) is achieved. Nevertheless, relapse remains a major cause of treatment failure post-HCT.Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of minimal residual disease (MRD) at the time of HCT identifies a subset of patients that is at high risk of relapse. In the present analyses, we sought to determine the impact of MRD detected by 8-color flow cytometry (FC) at HCT on 1-year relapse incidence (RI) in patients transplanted in first CR (CR1). Between 2010 and 2012, 159 AML CR1 patients with a median age of 53 years were transplanted with matched sibling donor (MSD, n=42), matched unrelated donor (MUD, n=78) or mismatched donor (MMD (n=39). Of 159 patients, 50 had MRD by 10-color FC at HCT (MRDpos). Compared with patients without MRD (MRDneg), MRDpos were older (median age 60 vs. 53, p=0.0003), required more than 1 line of induction chemotherapy to achieve CR1 (40% vs. 17%, p=0.001), had more incomplete recovery of counts (CRi/p) at HCT (58% vs. 9%, p The median follow-up of 105 survivorswas 368 days. MRDpos patients had a higher 1-year RI (HR=3.2, p=0.003) compared with MRDneg,. Patients with CK was another group with higher 1-year RI compared with patients without CK (HR=3.2, p=0.003). Multivariate regressions showed that MRDnegCKneg patients represented the best prognostic group with the lowest 1-year RI while MRDposCKpos was the worst prognostic group (HR=6.8, p=0.002). Patients with either MRDpos or CKpos represented an intermediate risk group (HR=3.2, p=0.03) for 1-year RI after HCT (Figure 1a). The 1-year RI adjusted by age, line of induction regimen to achieve CR, intensity and donor type was 8% for MRDnegCKneg, 30% for MRDposCKneg and 47% for MRDposCKpos patients. Similarly, 1-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was lower for patients who were MRDpos (HR=1.9, p=0.01) compared with patients who were MRDneg. Among other variables, CRi/p (HR=2.0, p=0.01) and CK (HR=2.2, p=0.009) also decreased 1-year RFS. Multivariate regressions showed that patients with MRDnegCKneg with complete count recovery at HCT had the best 1-year RFS and CKpos patients with either MRDpos or CRi/p had the worst outcomes (HR=5.2, p Our study shows that MRD by FC at HCT is associated with other high risk disease features and its prognostic impact on 1-year RI is not independent of the cytogenetic risk profile. Patients without CK enjoy a lower incidence of relapse with better RFS even if they are MRDpos at HSCT. We believe that this group of patients with CKpos and MRDpos or CRi/p should be a target of innovative transplant and post-transplant strategies to further improve their outcomes. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Periviable Infants.

BackgroundData reported during the past 5 years indicate that rates of survival have increased among infants born at the borderline of viability, but less is known about how increased rates of survival among these infants relate to early childhood neurodevelopmental outcomes. MethodsWe compared survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants born at 22 to 24 weeks of gestation, as assessed at 18 to 22 months of corrected age, across three consecutive birth-year epochs (2000–2003 [epoch 1], 2004–2007 [epoch 2], and 2008–2011 [epoch 3]). The infants were born at 11 centers that participated in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. The primary outcome measure was a three-level outcome — survival without neurodevelopmental impairment, survival with neurodevelopmental impairment, or death. After accounting for differences in infant characteristics, including birth center, we used multinomial generalized logit models to compare the relative risk of surviv...
A phase II trial of low-dose multiagent chemotherapy with gemcitabine, docetaxel, capecitabine, and cisplatin (GTX-C) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

213 Background: Multiagent chemotherapy with three agents has been shown to delay the emergence of resistance and extend survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Four drug regimens, even at low doses, may further improve survival by simultaneously targeting multiple non-redundant oncogenic pathways. Methods: A phase II study of GTX-C (capecitabine 500 mg bid on days 1-14, and the combination of gemcitabine 500 mg/m2 (10 mg/m2/min), docetaxel 20 mg/m2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 on days 4 and 11) was initiated in newly diagnosed untreated metastatic pancreatic cancer patients. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival rate at 6 months; the regimen would be considered active if the 6-month PFS rate was >75% and inactive if < 50%. Results: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled and 10 patients remain on GTX-C treatment at the time of this report. All patients were ECOG 0 or 1. Eighty-six percent of patients had evidence of liver metastases and 25% had biliary stents in place at time of...
Neuro-tracing approach to study kidney innervation: a technical note

Neuro-tracing approach is a great option to study innervation of the visceral organs including the kidneys. Important factors contributing to the success of this technique include the choice of a neuro-tracer, and delivery methods to result in successful labeling of peripheral sensory and motor ganglia. The neuro-tracer is usually applied directly to the kidney accessed via a surgical opening of the abdominal wall under deep anesthesia. A series of local microinjections of the dye are performed followed by a wound closure, and recovery period from the surgery. An extra care should be taken to prevent neuro-tracer spillage and accidental labeling of the surrounding organs during injections of the dye. Retrograde neuro-tracers like Fast Blue do not cross synapses, therefore, only neuronal bodies located within dorsal root ganglion neurons and major peripheral ganglia will be labeled by this approach. Retrogradely labeled peripheral neurons could be freshly isolated and dissociated for electrophysiological recordings and biochemical analyses (gene and protein expression), whereas the whole fixed ganglia could be sectioned to undergo immunohisto- and immunocytochemical targeted staining.
Influence of curli expression by Escherichia coli O157:H7 on the cell's overall hydrophobicity, charge, and ability to attach to lettuce

Curli fibers are produced by some Escherichia coli cells in response to environmental stimuli. These extracellular proteins enhance the cell's ability to form biofilms on various abiotic surfaces. E. coli 0157:H7 cells readily attach to a variety of fruit and vegetable surfaces. It is not known whether the expression of curli influences the cell's ability to attach to produce surfaces. In this study, the effect of curli expression on the cell's overall hydrophobicity, charge, and ability to attach to cut and whole iceberg lettuce surfaces was examined. All strains, regardless of curli expression, attached preferentially to the cut edges of lettuce (P < 0.05). The curli-producing cells of E. coli 0157:H7 strain E0018 attached in significantly greater numbers to both cut and whole lettuce pieces than did the non-curli-producing E0018 cells (P < 0.05); however, no significant attachment differences were observed between the curli-producing and non-curli-producing cells of E. coli 0157:H7 strains 43894 and 43895. All curli-producing E. coli 0157:H7 strains were significantly more hydrophobic (P < 0.01); however, no association between the cells' hydrophobic characteristics and lettuce attachment was observed. Overall surface charge of the cells did not differ among strains or curli phenotypes. Results indicate that overall hydrophobicity and cell charge in E. coli 0157:H7 strains do not influence attachment to iceberg lettuce surfaces. The presence of curli may not have any influence on attachment of E. coli 0157:H7 cells to produce items. Additional factorsmay influence the attachment of E. coli 0157:H7 to plant surfaces and should be further examined.
Markov decision process routing games

We explore an extension of nonatomic routing games that we call Markov decision process routing games where each agent chooses a transition policy between nodes in a network rather than a path from an origin node to a destination node, i.e. each agent in the population solves a Markov decision process rather than a shortest path problem. We define the appropriate version of a Wardrop equilibrium as well as a potential function for this game in the finite horizon (total reward) case. This work can be thought of as a routing- game-based formulation of continuous population stochastic games (mean-field games or anonymous sequential games). We apply our model to the problem of ridesharing drivers competing for customers.
The Rapid Establishment of Low-Rate Fixed Interval Responding by Humans in a Single Experimental Session

Subjects responding to receive monetary reinforcement on a fixed interval schedule were read instructions containing varying amounts of information regarding the schedule contingencies prior to their participation in the experiment. In addition, some subjects were exposed to an additional response cost contingency for early responding. The results indicate that reliable low-rate fixed interval responding can be rapidly generated in a single 45-minute experimental session when subjects are provided with explicit instructions together with the response cost contingency.
Detection and analysis of high voltage electrical equipment corona discharge based on ultraviolet imaging technology

The corona discharge phenomena of electrical equipment are generated with the increasing of insulation aging, electrical equipment, surface filth or atmospheric humidity. The corona discharge will cause the waste of power energy, radio interference, audible noise, insulation aging, and these defects are great threats to the safety and stability of electrical equipment. Using appropriate method to detect the operational state of electrical equipment is always significantly concerned by operation department. In this paper, the different corona discharge defect part of high voltage electrical equipment are summarized such as the grading ring, drop wire, jumper and over line, spacing rods, tube bus end and connecting joint. While the photon numbers of corona discharge under different defects are measured by the ultraviolet imager. The result shows that: the corona discharge characteristics of electrical equipment are different under the different defect type, and the photon number increases with the rising of the applied voltage. The detected photon number varies with different kinds of defects through applying same voltage. The ultraviolet imager shows the excellent performance in the detection of discharge defects and thus it can be prospectively used in the operation state detection of electrical equipment.
Beyond Facebook Personality Prediction

We investigate creating a predictive model that increases accuracy in personality prediction of social media and social network site users through a multidisciplinary pilot analysis. We present a novel method for increasing personality prediction accuracy of Facebook users. We discuss an experiment that combines natural language processing and machine learning methods, as well as the Big Five Personality and other cognitive psychology metrics and scales. Our machine learning predictive model showed promising results in personality prediction accuracy of three personality traits. However, the results indicate that more research and further data collection will improve prediction accuracies.
Disorders of the Female External Genitalia

In this chapter on the disorders of the female external genitalia, identification and treatment of labial adhesions and recognition of the classic interlabial masses is emphasized. The significance of vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding in the prepubertal female is discussed.
Theory of Multiphonon Absorption: A Review

The theories of multiphonon absorption in ionic insulators for frequencies several times the reststrahl frequency are reviewed. The physical properties of the solid, anharmonic potential and nonlinear dipole moment, which are responsible for multiphonon absorption are discussed. The rather large number of theoretical calculations are classified with an attempt to highlight simularities and basic differences between the theoretical techniques used and the physics contained in or implied by the calculations. Finally, a result connecting the analyticity of the potential and dipole moment operator, and the behavior of e2(ω) at high frequencies is presented.
Trigger Point Injections for Pelvic Pain

Chronic pelvic pain is one of the most challenging problems gynecologists encounter in clinical practice. Although management often involves a combination of medical, physical, cognitive, and behavioral therapies, trigger point injections offer an additional option for treatment in a subset of patients. This office-based procedure has been used to improve pain associated with vaginismus, levator ani hypertonicity, vulvodynia, pudendal and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric neuralgia. In this textbook chapter we review various injections used to treat pelvic pain, summarize the evidence for their use, and describe their role in treatment.
Theory-Based Branching Diagnosis of Writing Disabilities.

Alternative approaches to assessing writing disabilities are considered that (a) use theory-based, process measures to explain discrepancies between IQ and achievement, (b) may define learning disa...
Two gut microbes are necessary and sufficient for normal cognition in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract It is widely accepted that the gut microbiome can affect various aspects of brain function, including anxiety, depression, learning, and memory. However, we know little about how individual microbial species contribute to communication along the gut-brain axis. Vertebrate microbiomes are comprised of hundreds of species, making it difficult to systematically target individual microbes and their interactions. Here, we use Drosophila melanogaster as a simple model organism to tease apart individual and combined effects of gut microbes on cognition. We used an aversive phototactic suppression assay to show that two dominant gut commensals in our lab stock, Lactobacillus and Acetobacter, are necessary and sufficient for normal learning and short-term memory relative to flies with a conventional microbiome. We also demonstrate that microbes did not affect their hosts’ ability to detect the aversive learning stimulus (quinine), suggesting that our results were due to decreased cognition and not sensory deficits. We thus establish Drosophila as a model for elucidating mechanisms of gut-brain communication at the level of individual bacterial species.
The First Law: The Production of Heat and the Principle of Conservation of Energy

Pedagogically speaking, the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics is the real beginning of the study of heat and energy. Rejecting caloric’s materiality, the mechanical equivalent of heat proved that heat can be measured in terms of mechanical energy and the heat—mechanical energy equivalence led to the first law (the energy conservation principle) and that heat is a form of energy, the lowest-grade form of energy. The conservation principle infers that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, thus, only its form can be transformed. This conceptual understanding and the application of \( dU = \delta Q - pdV \) for thermodynamic processes are two key takeaways of this chapter. The nature of the transformation of energy forms is the outstanding question remaining for further investigation.
Impact of an innovative partnership in patient care between an academic medical center department of pharmacy and a school of pharmacy.

Purpose Pharmacy departments and schools of pharmacy have long held professional affiliations. However, the success of each entity is often not interdependent and aligned. In 2010, our institutions found ourselves in a position where the complementary motivations of each aligned to support a more meaningful and committed engagement, leading to the development of the Partnership in Patient Care. The impact of the partnership was evaluated 7 years postimplementation, and both the successes realized and the lessons learned are described. Summary The partnership provided many advantages to our pharmacy department and the school of pharmacy. This initial iteration of the partnership was a strong proof of concept that an intentional approach to the relationship between a school of pharmacy and a pharmacy department can lead to substantive improvements in a wide array of meaningful outcomes. We experienced an increase in the number of student rotation months completed, growth in the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists-accredited residency programs, and enhanced clinical services. However, the partnership was not without challenges. For instance, lack of a formalized tracking method made certain outcomes difficult to track. Conclusion The purposeful establishment of the Partnership in Patient Care, built on the needs of a school of pharmacy and an academic medical center pharmacy department, allowed our institutions to develop an intertwined mission and vision. Over the initial years of the partnership, many successes were realized and lessons were learned. Both the successes and the challenges are serving as the foundation for future iterations of the partnership.
Pipe Data Through the Water: Stress Wave Communications Along Pipelines

Offshore pipelines are the most popular man-made infrastructures that can be found undersea. Empowered by stress wave communications, these massive pipeline networks can be potentially utilized to deliver information. In this paper, we build up a stress wave communication system along a ten feet steel pipe. The communication performances were tested undersea. Based on our testing data, the potentials of this new subsea communication technique are discussed.
Multilevel quasidiffusion method with mixed-order time discretization for multigroup thermal radiative transfer problems

Abstract In this paper we present a numerical method for solving multigroup thermal radiative transfer (TRT) problems in 2D Cartesian geometry. It is based on the Quasidiffusion (aka Variable Eddington Factor) method and defined by the multilevel system of multigroup high-order radiative transfer (RT) equations and multigroup and grey low-order equations for moments of the intensity with the exact closures. We apply time integration schemes of different orders of accuracy to approximate the high-order and low-order equations. The first-order scheme is used for the high-order RT equations. The second-order scheme is applied to the low-order equations. This improves the accuracy of the TRT solution while using robust and relatively inexpensive scheme for the high-order RT equations. The solution of the low-order equations is non-monotonic because the hyperbolic low-order Quasidiffusion (QD) equations are discretized by the second-order scheme. To reduce non-monotonicity of the low-order solution we apply a monotonization procedure to the discretized time-dependent low-order equations based on the Limited-Trapezoidal method. Numerical results of the Fleck-Cummings test are presented to demonstrate performance of the developed mixed-order time integration scheme for the multilevel system of high-order and low-order QD equations. We use this TRT test problem to analyze the convergence in time of the mixed-order scheme.
Stability of Owners’ Perceptions of the Behavioral Style of Their Cats

In humans, personality is relatively stable across the adult life- span and various situations. Can the same be said of the personality of cats? Primary caregivers of cats thought about their cats ...
The health and well-being of LGBTQ people in mainland China: The role of social work:

Knowledge about the health and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people in mainland China is limited, but what is known raises concerns about their welfare. Social...
The MAAFiA Mystique

What would a manifesto look like for media and creative workers in the twenty-first century? How would we account for decades of the transformation of work to fit the political economies of labor a...
Biology’s mistress, a brief history

Teleology is like a mistress to a biologist: he cannot live without her but he's unwilling to be seen with her in public. 1 According to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, professor of natural history at the M...
Engineering Pseudomonas putida for efficient aromatic conversion to bioproduct using high throughput screening in a bioreactor.

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is an emerging biomanufacturing host amenable for use with renewable carbon streams including aromatics such as para-coumarate. We used a pooled transposon library disrupting nearly all (4,778) non-essential genes to characterize this microbe under common stirred-tank bioreactor parameters with quantitative fitness assays. Assessing differential fitness values by monitoring changes in mutant strain abundance identified 33 gene mutants with improved fitness across multiple stirred-tank bioreactor formats. Twenty-one deletion strains from this subset were reconstructed, including GacA, a regulator, TtgB, an ABC transporter, and PP_0063, a lipid A acyltransferase. Thirteen deletion strains with roles in varying cellular functions were evaluated for conversion of para-coumarate, to a heterologous bioproduct, indigoidine. Several mutants, such as the ΔgacA strain improved fitness in a bioreactor by 35 fold and showed an 8-fold improvement in indigoidine production (4.5 g/L, 0.29 g/g, 23% of maximum theoretical yield) from para-coumarate as the carbon source.
Crowdsourcing COVID-19: A brief analysis of librarian posts on Reddit

Abstract Initially, COVID-19 was mistaken for a cold. As time passed, the entire world was infected. It became evident that social distancing was needed to counteract the virus’s spread when the infection rate increased. Although social distancing was a viable option for many professions, it impeded the services offered by libraries. Libraries are cultural institutions that facilitate the social and educational health of their communities. Many citizens rely on libraries to obtain resources critical to their well-being. As such, libraries continued to offer their much-needed services, and librarians worldwide sought to implement the best-known practices to survive the COVID-19 disaster. This study explores how librarians responded to COVID-19 by examining their posts to the Reddit social media network. Popular discussion topics, questions posed by librarians, and the strategies used to cope with the pandemic are presented.
Association of migraine with hospitalization for mental health disorders in US adults (2970)

Objective: To evaluate the likelihood and cost-burden of mental health (MH) comorbidities and emergencies associated with migraine. Background: Migraine can be comorbid with several psychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, and suicide attempts. Friedman, et. al found that patients with migraines had a 2.07-fold increased odds of suicidal behaviors compared to others. Currently, the likelihood of a migraine patient admitted with diagnoses of MH disease and the cost-burden of MH admissions associated with a migraine patient has not been studied. Design/Methods: Weighted analysis were performed using Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2008 to 2010. MH comorbidities were determined through the NIS Clinical Classification Software (CCS), including adjustment, anxiety, cognitive, developmental, pediatric, attention deficit, impulse control, mood, personality, schizophrenia, alcohol use, substance use, suicide attempt, MH screening and miscellaneous disorders. Survey logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the odds ratio (OR) of admissions with MH disorders and OR of primary MH disorder admissions for patients with migraines. Excess inpatient length of stay (LOS) and cost of care for MH disorder admission indirectly related to migraine were estimated. Results: Inpatients with vs. without migraine had higher odds of MH disorders overall (47.2% vs. 25.7%; adjusted OR [95% confidence interval] 2.82 [2.75–2.89]) and in all 15 individual MH disorders examined except cognitive and developmental disorders). Inpatients with vs. without migraine were more likely to be admitted with a primary diagnosis of a MH disorder (10.3% vs. 5.4%; 2.13 [1.98–2.29]), particularly adjustment, anxiety, mood, and personality disorders. Annually, migraines were indirectly related to an excess of 90,815 LOS days, and an excess of $183.68 million cost of care for MH disorders hospitalizations. Conclusions: Patients with migraine had increased likelihood of comorbid MH disorders and emergencies requiring hospitalization. Optimized approaches are needed for screening and managing MH comorbidities of this vulnerable population. Disclosure: Dr. Shu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mandel has nothing to disclose. Han Xiao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roth has nothing to disclose.
A Model of Anticipated Consumption Tax Changes

This paper studies household spending responses to anticipated changes in the consumption tax. To do so, I construct a life-cycle heterogeneous-agent general equilibrium model with durables. The model features a wedge in durable transactions that reflects the actual consumption tax system: households pay the tax when buying the durables but do not receive the tax when selling them. There are three main findings. First, the baseline model reproduces an empirically consistent dynamic pattern of tax elasticity of the taxable spendings. Second, I find that life-cycle is a key component to match the level of tax elasticity of durable spending. Third, the baseline model generates smaller stockpiling of durables based on realistic motive than a model without the wedge. I then use the model for two counter-factual experiments.The first counter-factual experiment finds that the effect of a consumption tax cut is not symmetric to the tax hike. The second counter-factual experiment which compares a one-time tax hike and a multiple-times tax hike shows the multiple-times tax hike scheme generates smaller welfare cost than one-time tax hike.
Prediction of wind-carried Gramineae and Urticaceae pollen occurrence in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Italy)

Wind-carried pollen is universal outdoor and indoor components and is recognized as sources of respiratory allergies. Pollen information is important for determining clinical strategies in allergic patients, and several studies aim to forecast the presence of pollen in the atmosphere in order to reduce the risk of exposure for allergic patients. Forecasting models described in the literature are based on meteorological parameters requiring long historical series of coupled meteorological and pollen monitoring data as well as needing local calibration to produce reliable results. For this study, three different forecasting methods have been developed: two of them have shown to be suitable for foreseeing onset, abundance and duration of pollen presence in the atmosphere for the Gramineae and the Urticaceae families of allergenic plants being monitored in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (north-eastern Italy).
Practical information flow based techniques to safeguard host integrity

Security threats have escalated rapidly over the past few years. Malware, zero-day attacks and rootkits are now common terms heard over the media, drawing attention from large enterprises to regular computer users. What makes it worse is that cyber crime has become financially lucrative, leading to the formation of organizations that specialize in the development and trading of malware. As a result, computer attacks have become more sophisticated and more stealthy, and can evade most of today's defenses. Current defensive approaches like code analysis and behavior blocking can be either difficult to utilize or be evaded by indirect attacks. In contrast, techniques based on information-flow blocking can provide assurances about system integrity even in the face of sophisticated attacks. However, there has not been much success in applying information flow based techniques to modern COTS operating systems to provide satisfactory results in the aspects of security, usability, and scope. This is, in part, due to the fact that a strict application of information flow policy can break existing applications. Another important factor is the difficulty of policy development. We therefore develop two approaches in an effort to address these issues. SEE (Safe Execution Environment) is suitable for running stand-alone untrusted applications in a secure way. It employs one-way isolation: processes running within the SEE are given read-access to the environment provided by the host OS, but their write operations are prevented from escaping outside the SEE. As a result, SEE processes cannot impact the behavior of host OS processes, or the integrity of data on the host OS. It provides a convenient way for users to inspect system changes made within the SEE. If the user does not accept these changes, they can be rolled back at the click of a button. Otherwise, the changes can be "committed" so as to become visible outside the SEE. We provide consistency criteria that ensure semantic consistency of the committed results. Our implementation results show that most software, including fairly complex server and client applications, can run successfully within the SEE. The approach introduces low performance overheads, typically below 10%. The second approach PPI (Practical Proactive Integrity Preservation) aims at providing integrity guarantees at the whole system level. It focuses on proactive integrity protection by decoupling integrity labels from low-level policies that specify how to resolve accesses causing information flows that may compromise integrity. Therefore, a richer set of security levels, and more flexible policy choices can be specified to promote usability. We then develop an analysis technique that can largely automate the generation of integrity labels and policies that preserve the usability of applications in most cases. The evaluation of our implementation on Linux desktop distributions indicates that it can stop a variety of sophisticated malware attacks, while remaining usable.
The Naked Truth: Estimating Body Shape Under Clothing

We propose a method to estimate the detailed 3D shape of a person from images of that person wearing clothing. The approach exploits a model of human body shapes that is learned from a database of over 2000 range scans. We show that the parameters of this shape model can be recovered independently of body pose. We further propose a generalization of the visual hull to account for the fact that observed silhouettes of clothed people do not provide a tight bound on the true 3D shape. With clothed subjects, different poses provide different constraints on the possible underlying 3D body shape. We consequently combine constraints across pose to more accurately estimate 3D body shape in the presence of occluding clothing. Finally we use the recovered 3D shape to estimate the gender of subjects and then employ gender-specific body models to refine our shape estimates. Results on a novel database of thousands of images of clothed and "naked" subjects, as well as sequences from the HumanEva dataset, suggest the method may be accurate enough for biometric shape analysis in video.