cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of a column subjected to a time- dependent axial load.

Linear elastic columns dynamic stability under time dependent axial load, investigating almost- sure asymptotic stability
Amniocentesis for antenatal diagnosis. Review of problems and outcomes in a large series.

Abstract The results of amniocentesis for diagnostic genetic studies on 242 patients are presented in detail. These suggest that obtaining fluid free from contaminating red blood cells is important to successful cell culture. The data also suggest that it is technically more difficult to obtain such fluid than might be expected, despite the use of ultrasonic localization and experienced operators. Nevertheless, 97 per cent of patients who elect to complete antenatal diagnosis will ultimately obtain the information sought, in time to intervene medically if desired. Moreover, the act of obtaining this information is shown to be without significant risk to the ultimate outcome of pregnancy.
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on a murine squamous cell carcinoma model

Background Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy is sometimes used to assist in wound healing after major head and neck cancer surgery. However, there is concern that HBO treatments might enhance the growth of any residual microscopic disease. This was studied in a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods SCC-VII/SF tumor cells were cultured, and then injected (3 × 103 cells) into C3H/HeJ mice in 5 groups: subcutaneous (SQ) control (n = 13), SQ-immediate (n = 12), SQ-delayed (n = 13), tail vein control (n = 8), and tail vein immediate (n = 9). The 3 experimental groups were subjected to HBO therapy, 2.4 atm for 90 minutes, 5 days per week for 4 weeks, starting on postinjection day 3 (“immediate”) or 10 (“delayed”). Tumors in the SQ mice were measured 3 times per week. Lung metastases in the tail vein mice were counted at necropsy. Results At postimplantation day 28, when the immediate group completed its HBO therapy, the tumor volume in the SQ-immediate group was 49.1% higher than the control group, and the SQ-delayed group was 105.1% higher than controls (p < .05). Two weeks later, the SQ-immediate group and SQ-delayed group tumor volumes were still significantly higher than controls, but the difference was smaller (18.4% and 43.8%, respectively; p < .05 only for the delayed group). The tail vein groups had similar numbers of lung metastases, with a mean of 8.7 metastases in the control group and 9.0 metastases in the HBO group (not significant [NS]). Conclusion This study suggests that HBO therapy does accelerate the growth of microscopic foci of SCCs. This finding differs from some earlier studies and warrants further study. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1743–1746, 2013
THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF THE FLAME SCALLOP, CTENOIDES SCABER (BORN 1778), FROM THE LOWER FLORIDA KEYS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Abstract The reproductive cycle, sex distribution, and gonadal characteristics of the flame scallop, Ctenoides scaber, formerly Lima scabra scabra (Born 1778), collected from Boca Chica Key, FL, were investigated over the 21-mo period from January 1998 through September 1999. Gametogenic cycles were examined using qualitative and quantitative methods, and the relationships between those observations and environmental conditions (e.g., water temperature, salinity and phytoplankton concentrations) were analyzed. The relationships between sex, gonad color and shell height were also examined. Gamete development in both sexes was initiated in winter and was associated with small oocytes and follicles, cool water temperatures and moderate concentrations of food. Growth of gametes occurred throughout spring, as temperature and chlorophyll-a concentrations increased. A partial synchronous spawn occurred in early summer but did not seem to be related to environmental conditions. Maximum gamete ripeness and size oc...
Symptoms and Behavior Problems of Adolescents and Adults with Autism: Effects of Mother-Child Relationship Quality, Warmth, and Praise.

Using a cross-lagged panel design, we investigated the impact of positive family processes on change in autism symptoms and behaviors. A sample of 149 co-residing mothers and their adolescent or adult child with autism was drawn from a large, longitudinal study. Maternal warmth and praise were measured using coded speech samples in which mothers talked about their son or daughter. A high level of relationship quality was associated with subsequent reductions in internalizing and externalizing problems as well as reductions in impairments in social reciprocity and repetitive behaviors. Maternal warmth and praise were also related to symptom abatement in the repetitive behaviors domain.
The Revised APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis: An Appreciation, a Commentary, and a Wish List.

The Revised APA Division 30 Definition of Hypnosis is a constructive and forward-moving document. Although it represents the third attempt on the part of Division 30 to promulgate a useful definiti...
Accelerated repair of cortical bone defects using a synthetic extracellular matrix to deliver human demineralized bone matrix.

Injectable hydrogel and porous sponge formulations of Carbylan™-GSX, a crosslinked synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM), were used to deliver human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in a rat femoral defect model. A cortical, full-thickness 5-mm defect was created in two femurs of each rat. Six rats were assigned to each of five experimental groups (thus, 12 defects per group). The defects were either untreated or filled with Carbylan™-GSX hydrogel or sponges with or without 20% (w/v) DBM. Radiographs were obtained on day 1 and at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 postsurgery of each femur. Animals were sacrificed at week 8 postsurgery and each femur was fixed, embedded, sectioned, and processed for Masson's Trichrome staining. The bone defects were measured from radiographs and the fraction of bone healing was calculated. The average fractions of bone healing for each group were statistically different among all groups, and all treatment groups were significantly better than the control group. The Carbylan™-GSX sponge with DBM was superior to the sponge without DBM and to the hydrogel with DBM. Histology showed that defects treated with the Carbylan™-GSX sponge plus DBM were completely filled with newly generated bone tissue with a thickness comparable to native bone. Carbylan™-GSX sponge was an optimal delivery vehicle for human DBM to accelerate bone healing. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1454–1462, 2006
Teachers' Perceptions and Classroom Interactions

Classroom interactions with teachers have been shown to be differentially distributed as a function of a variety of students' characteristics. This study examined the extent to which teachers interacted differently with children they perceived to be bright or dull. Analysis indicated that the children teachers perceived as bright received more positive interactions than children rated as dull by their teachers. No differences were indicated for neutral or negative interactions. The results are discussed with regard to their implications within the field of teacher education.
Micro-photonic cylindrical waveguide based protein biosensor

In this paper we experimentally demonstrate the fabrication and operation of a rapidly prototyped optical cylindrical micro-waveguide based biosensor. This device works on the principle of variation to the light intensity and path of coupled input light due to the binding of protein bio-molecules onto the micro-waveguide surface as a method of physical transduction. The variation to the coupled light intensity and path is dependent on the nature of the bio-molecule and the density of the bio-molecules. This technique has been used to identify protein biomarkers for inflammation and thrombosis, namely myeloperoxidase (MPO) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The detection limit that has been demonstrated is pg?ml?1. The detection speed is of the order of seconds from the time of injection of the bio-molecule. The optical signature that is obtained to identify a protein bio-molecule is entirely dependent on the nature of adsorption of the bio-molecule on to the cylindrical cavity surfaces. This in turn is dependent on the protein conformation and the surface charge of the bio-molecules. Hence a specific protein bio-molecule generates a unique optical identifier based on the nature of binding/adsorption to the cavity surface. This physical phenomenon is exploited to identify individual proteins. This technique is a demonstration of detection of nano-scale protein bio-molecules using the optical biosensor technique with unprecedented sensitivity.
Opportunities for Open Source eLearning

eLearning is often conceived as a single product. In reality, however, the market offering is very heterogeneous with a large product variety. Think of Learning Management Systems, Virtual Classrooms, Authorware, Test and Assessment Tools, Simulators, and many more. Each of these eLearning applications is available from multiple vendors and middlemen. Next to more than 250 providers of commercial Learning Management Systems, more than 40 Open Source LMS offerings can be identified. In this article, I discuss if open source applications for eLearning offer an alternative to commercial offerings today, specifically in the context of education. The lessons drawn here also apply to other (public) organizations and applications.
NVS: a virtualization substrate for WiMAX networks

This paper describes the design and implementation of a network virtualization substrate NVS) for effective virtualization of wireless resources in WiMAX networks. Virtualization fosters the realization of several interesting deployment scenarios such as customized virtual networks, virtual services and wide-area corporate networks, with diverse performance objectives. In virtualizing a basestation's uplink and downlink resources into slices, NVS meets three key requirements - isolation, customization, and efficient resource utilization - using two novel features: (1) NVS introduces a provably-optimal slice scheduler that allows existence of slices with bandwidth-based and resource-based reservations simultaneously, and (2) NVS includes a generic framework for efficiently enabling customized flow scheduling within the basestation on a per-slice basis. Through a prototype implementation and detailed evaluation on a WiMAX testbed, we demonstrate the efficacy of NVS. For instance, we show for both downlink and uplink directions that NVS can run different flow schedulers in different slices, run different slices simultaneously with different types of reservations, and perform slice-specific application optimizations for providing customized services.
Three-Dimensional Segmentation of Fluid-Associated Abnormalities in Retinal OCT: Probability Constrained Graph-Search-Graph-Cut

An automated method is reported for segmenting 3-D fluid-associated abnormalities in the retina, so-called symptomatic exudate-associated derangements (SEAD), from 3-D OCT retinal images of subjects suffering from exudative age-related macular degeneration. In the first stage of a two-stage approach, retinal layers are segmented, candidate SEAD regions identified, and the retinal OCT image is flattened using a candidate-SEAD aware approach. In the second stage, a probability constrained combined graph search-graph cut method refines the candidate SEADs by integrating the candidate volumes into the graph cut cost function as probability constraints. The proposed method was evaluated on 15 spectral domain OCT images from 15 subjects undergoing intravitreal anti-VEGF injection treatment. Leave-one-out evaluation resulted in a true positive volume fraction (TPVF), false positive volume fraction (FPVF) and relative volume difference ratio (RVDR) of 86.5%, 1.7%, and 12.8%, respectively. The new graph cut-graph search method significantly outperformed both the traditional graph cut and traditional graph search approaches (p <; 0.01, p <; 0.04) and has the potential to improve clinical management of patients with choroidal neovascularization due to exudative age-related macular degeneration.
DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF LARGE MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIALS

By the last half of the 1960s, clinical scientists and administrators were agreed that pharmacologic intervention in hypertension had progressed through its developmental stages. A number of relatively safe and individually effective drugs had been developed--effective in the sense that they produced a substantial and relatively consistent reduction of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. These conclusions had been established through animal studies, small human trials, and larger controlled studies in individual clinics and laboratories. It remained to be shown, however, that intervention with blood-pressurelowering drugs could reduce the major late effects of hypertension: premature mortality and increased risk of cerebral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, and renal disease. That elevated blood pressure carried with it the hazard of such late consequences had been well established from actuarial statistics, from longitudinal community surveys, and from clinical observation. There was a strong presumption that drug treatment was effective in this respect, but no proof. Clinicians were beginning to comment upon the disappearance of malignant hypertension, for example. The United States Veterans Administration, with its network of medical care facilities extending across the U.S.A., had a long history of success in the design and conduct of cooperative, multicenter clinical trials, dating from its landmark investigations of chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. The VA's relatively tight administrative apparatus made it a natural locus for such development. Its Cooperative Studies Evaluation Committee provided a central review mechanism applicable to a broad array of proposed studies. Thus, it was natural that the Veterans Administration would decide to establish a tightly designed, controlled, multicenter trial of the late effects of antihypertensive medication. Dr. Edward Freis assumed major responsibility for the organization and development of protocols, and the applications passed internal review. The rest is history. Scientists will be discussing the results of this landmark investigation for years to come. The trials established that combination therapy for moderate and severe hypertension produced a substantial reduction in all-cause mortality and major morbidity, at least in middle-aged male U.S. war veterans. Remaining at issue were the effects in women, in mild hypertensives, and in less highly selected segments of the population. Furthermore, effects on coronary heart disease were unclear and remain controversial. At a critical stage in this history, a decision had been made that the cooperative, multicenter clinical trial was the investigative tool of choice for answering an important question. Why and how are such decisions made? Although the Veterans Administration, the National Cancer Institute, the National Heart Institute, the armed forces, and other groups here and abroad had developed and applied this methodology in the 195Os, to this date little attention has been
Optical Sensors for High Acidities Based on Fluorescent Polymers

An indirect method for monitoring acid concentrations from 0.1 to 10 M was developed on the basis of the fluorescence of linear-chain, rigid-rod polymers. These linear polymers have high strength and acid-resistant properties that are ideal for support materials, as well as having chemical functionalities that can be protonated under highly acidic conditions to provide a sensing mechanism. By immobilization of the polymers on the endface of an optical fiber, an acidity sensor for monitoring nitric and hydrochloric acids was developed with the use of the change in fluorescent emission as a function of acid concentration. Polymers tested for sensor applications include poly(phenylquinoline), poly(biphenylquinoline), and poly(phenylquinoxaline). The quinoxaline responded from 0.1 to 2 M nitric acid, and the quinolines responded from 2 to 10 M nitric acid. The performance of sensors developed with these materials resulted in a relative standard deviation of approximately 10%.
Fault simulation on massively parallel SIMD machines: algorithms, implementations and results

Two algorithms for fault simulation of combinational networks on massively parallel SIMD machines are presented. One algorithm uses a variant of the PPSFP [1] approach, while the other uses a mixture of parallel fault simulation [2] and PPSFP [1]. The algorithms have been implemented on the [Thinking Machines Corporation's] Connection Machine [3]. The second algorithm compares very favorably with published results for well known serial algorithms on the ISCAS benchmark circuits [4]. The results indicate that parallel processing could be a valuable tool for accelerating VLSI CAD applications.
Low frequency noise in chemical vapor deposited MoS 2

Inherent low frequency noise is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which limits operation and performance of electronic devices and circuits. This limiting factor is very important for nanoscale electronic devices, such as 2D semiconductor devices. In this work, low frequency noise in high mobility single crystal MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is investigated. The measured low frequency noise follows an empirical formulation of mobility fluctuations with Hooge's parameter ranging between 1.44×10-3 and 3.51×10-2. Small variation of Hooge's parameter suggests superior material uniformity and processing control of CVD grown MoS2 devices than reported single-layer MoS2 FET. The extracted Hooge's parameter is one order of magnitude lower than CVD-grown graphene. The Hooge's parameter shows an inverse relationship with the field mobility.
The origin of homocitrulline in the urine of infants.

Abstract The presence of homocitrulline in the urine of infants is of dietary origin. Homocitrulline was found in small amounts in the protein fraction of a canned liquid modified cow's milk preparation. It does not appear to be a metabolic product of the microflora of the gut.
Antagonism by neuroleptics of neurotransmitter receptors of normal human brain in vitro.

Abstract Using radioligand binding techniques, we determined the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD's) for a series of neuroleptics at the dopamine (D-2), muscarinic, histamine H1, α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors of normal human brain tissue obtained at autopsy. Seventeen different compounds were studied at the D-2 receptor and 15 compounds at the remaining receptors. At the D-2 receptor of caudate nucleus, spiperone was the most potent compound (KD = 0.16 nM); clozapine the least potent (KD = 180 nM). The KD's for six compounds at the D-2 receptor of nucleus accumbens were not significantly different from their respective KD's in the caudate nucleus. The most potent and least potent compounds at the other receptors were clozapine and molindone at the muscarinic receptor, mesoridazine and molindone at the H1 receptor, spiperone and molindone at the α1-receptor, and clozapine and haloperidol at the α2-receptor, respectively.
Expression of the Kv1.1 ion channel subunit in the auditory brainstem of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus.

Voltage-gated potassium channels play an important role in shaping membrane properties that underlie neurons' discharge patterns and the ways in which they transform their input. In the auditory system, low threshold potassium currents such as those created by Kv1.1 subunits contribute to precise phaselocking and to transient onset responses that provide time markers for temporal features of sounds. The purpose of the present study was to compare information about the distribution of neurons expressing the KV 1.1 in the brainstem auditory nuclei with the distribution of neurons with known functional properties in the auditory system of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus. We used immunocytochemistry and light microscopy to look at the distribution of Kv1.1 subunits in the brainstem auditory nuclei. There was prominent expression in cell types known to contain high levels of Kv1.1 in other species and known to respond to auditory signals with high temporal precision. These included octopus cells and spherical bushy cells of the cochlear nucleus and principal neurons of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. In addition, we found high levels of Kv1.1 in neurons of the columnar subdivision of the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and in ventral periolivary cell groups. Neurons with high levels of Kv1.1 were differentially distributed in the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and in the inferior colliculus, suggesting that these structures contain functionally distinct cell populations, some of which may be involved in high-precision temporal processing.
Protostellar Collapse with a Shock

We reexamine both numerically and analytically the collapse of the singular isothermal sphere in the context of low-mass star formation. We consider the case where the onset of collapse is initiated by some arbitrary process which is accompanied by a central output of either heat or kinetic energy. We find two classes of numerical solutions describing this manner of collapse. The first approaches in time the expansion wave solution of Shu, while the second class is characterized by an ever-decreasing central accretion rate and the presence of an outwardly propagating weak shock. The collapse solution which represents the dividing case between these two classes is determined analytically by a similarity analysis. This solution shares with the expansion wave solution the properties that the gas remains stationary with an r(exp -2) density profile at large radius and that, at small radius, the gas free-falls onto a nascent core at a constant rate which depends only on the isothermal sound speed. This accretion rate is a factor of approx. 0.1 that predicted by the expansion wave solution. This reduction is due in part to the presence of a weak shock which propagates outward at 1.26 times the sound speed. Gas in the postshock region first moves out subsonically but is then decelerated and begins to collapse. The existence of two classes of numerical collapse solutions is explained in terms of the instability to radial perturbations of the analytic solution. Collapse occurring in the manner described by some of our solutions would eventually unbind a finite-sized core. However, this does not constitute a violation of the instability properties of the singular isothermal sphere which is unstable both to collapse and to expansion. To emphasize this, we consider a purely expanding solution for isothermal spheres. This solution is found to be self-similar and results in a uniform density core in the central regions of the gas. Our solutions may be relevant to the 'luminosity' problem of protostellar cores since the predicted central accretion rates are significantly reduced relative to that of the expansion wave solution. Furthermore, our calculations indicate that star-forming cloud cores are not very tightly bound and that modest disturbances can easily result in both termination of infall and dispersal of unaccreted material.
Mariner photography of Mars and aerial photography of Earth: Some analogies

Tentative characterizations of several Mariner 6 and 7 Martian surface features, made by the senior author in the absence of previous knowledge about Mars, are presented. The ridges in 7N17 are interpreted as a glacial moraine; barchane or parabolic sand dunes are identified in 6N5; and thermokarst collapse features, possibly produced in permafrost by Martian geothermal activity, are proposed in 6N8 and 6N14, in agreement with the suggestion of Sharp et al. (1971).
Prophylactic pharmacological treatment of chronic daily headache.

Objective.—To review all the prophylactic pharmacological treatments for chronic daily headache from the past decade. Background.—Chronic daily headache is among the most common diagnoses seen in specialized headache centers. Prior to 1988, there were no criteria for the diagnosis of chronic tension-type headache and chronic daily headache. An expanded chronic daily headache classification has been proposed. Methods.—A MEDLINE search was performed using the following key words: chronic daily headache, intractable headache, transformed migraine, chronic tension headache, and chronic tension-type headache. We limited our review to those studies published in English in the last decade, including published abstracts and letters to the editor. Double-blind studies carried out prior to 1988 were also included. Results.—Pharmacological treatments for chronic daily headache include antidepressants (tricyclics, tetracyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, 5-HT1 agonists, ergots, 5-HT2 antagonists, antianxiety agents, and miscellaneous drugs. Many of these reports are anecdotal, and most are open rather than double-blind studies. Conclusions.—There is a great variety of pharmacological treatments available for chronic daily headache. Only the antidepressants have been extensively studied. Other medications may be used if these fail. Recommendations based on our experience at the Headache Unit of the Montefiore Medical Center are outlined here.
Heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions by tobermorites and zeolites

Abstract The specific removal of Pb 2+ , Cd2 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and Cr 6+ from 0.02 N NaCl solution by tobermorite and zeolite cation exchangers was investigated using a batch method. Tobermorites, both synthetic and natural were extremely efficient in the removal of all the heavy metals except Cr 6+ and are superior to zeolites. For example, a natural tobermorite from Crestmore, CA removed 99.9% of Pb2 2+ , 90% of Cd 2+ , 95.8% Co 2+ and 96.6% of Ni 2+ from 0.02 N NaC1 solution containing 0.002 N of the heavy metal. Based on the percentage of metal ions removed by tobermorites from solutions, the order of removal for the different ions is as follows: Pb 2+ > Cd 2+ > Co 2+ > Ni 2+ . The removal of heavy metals by tobermorites appears to be related to the exchange of structural Ca 2+ by Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , etc., analogous to the exchange of these metals in hydroxyapatites. These results suggest that tobermorites may serve as useful scavengers for trace heavy metals in waste solutions.
The effect of specific antibody on the oxygen equilibrium of human hemoglobin.

Abstract Specifically purified anti A 1 hemoglobin antibody has a marked effect on the O 2 equilibrium of human A 1 hemoglobin. The effects noted were an increased O 2 affinity, decreased value of n , and marked asymmetry of the O 2 equilibrium curve. There was substantial preservation of the Bohr effect at all antibody to hemoglobin ratios tested.
Newt Orientation by Sun-compass

SALAMANDERS migrate long distances to breeding sites1, and apparently possess an accurate guidance mechanism2,3. The homing of blinded Taricha after being displaced downstream suggests that they rely on olfactory cues4. The ability of the normal animal to use vision in orientation, however, has received little attention. Three species of frogs and toads use a sun-compass5–7, and the toad, Bufo woodhousei fowleri, can learn a direction of escape relative to a light cue8.
Histones from Developing Tissues of the Chicken: Heterogeneity

Electrophoretic analysis of the molecular heterogeneity of histones from developing and adult chicken tissues demonstrates that differentiation need not be correlated with changes in the relative proportion of individual histone molecules during development.
Capital Mobility and Coalitional Politics: Authoritarian Regimes and Economic Adjustment in Southeast Asia

This article investigates the coalitional bases of authoritarian rule to explain striking variation in adjustment policy to the Asian Financial Crisis in Indonesia and Malaysia. Given currency depreciation with financial sector fragility, holders of mobile assets prefer to maintain an open capital account, while owners of fixed assets and labor favor restrictions of capital mobility to facilitate expansionary macroeconomic policies. Differences in adjustment policy across the two countries reflect differences in the political coalitions supporting the authoritarian regimes. These findings illuminate the nature of political conflict during financial crises and show how a nuanced view of the coalitions supporting authoritarian rule can yield powerful insights into the political economy of authoritarianism and economic adjustment in a global economy.
Detection of human ADCC activity using automated flow cytometry

Using automated flow cytometry techniques we have developed a rapid assay to measure human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). By staining cell cultures for DNA content, chick red blood cell targets can be readily distinguished from human effector cells and ADCC can be measured by changes in their relative proportions. The sensitivity and rapidly of the assay is shown by the finding that at an effector to target ratio of only 2:1, 42% killing can be detected after 1 h incubation.
Response of newly born mice to a chemical carcinogen

MANY recent reports record that certain leukaemias and malignant lymphomas can be transmitted to newly born mice using cell-free extracts of tumour tissues1,2. Under certain conditions, cell-free extracts of leukaemic organs also produced parotid gland tumours, sarcomas and other neoplasms3–5. Tissue culture extracts and extracts of tumour tissues6–10 have given rise to leukaemias and other tumours in rats and hamsters, following injection into the newly born animal.
Stress dependence of the pocket gap modes in KI:Ag+

Far-ir uniaxial-stress experiments reveal the unusual result that the pocket gap modes in KI:Ag + couple much more to the fully symmetric (A 1g ) strain than to the tetragonal (E g ) and trigonal (T 2g ) strains; other modes due to monatomic substitutional defects are found to couple with similar strengths to both A 1g and E g strains. Theoretical calculations based on perturbed breathing-shell-model phonons and a simple anharmonicity model suggest the presence of unusual pressure-induced microscopic displacements in the vicinity of the defect's fourth-nearest neighbors
Behavior of magnetic impurities in gapless Fermi systems.

In a number of systems, including certain semiconductors and unconventional superconductors, the effective density of states varies like |E-${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$${\mathrm{|}}^{\mathit{r}}$ near the Fermi energy. The behavior of dilute magnetic impurities in such systems is studied using a nonperturbative renormalization-group approach. Close to particle-hole symmetry, the Kondo effect is suppressed for the cases of greatest relevance (r=1 and 2). Away from this symmetry, any quenching of the impurity moment is accompanied by a low-temperature decrease in the impurity resistivity, rather than the increase found in metals. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Dynamin 2 associates with complexins and is found in the acrosomal region of mammalian sperm.

Previous data showed that complexin I, a SNARE regulatory protein, is localized in and/or around the acrosome and is necessary for the acrosome reaction in sperm. To understand how complexin I regulates the acrosome reaction, we used complexin-GST pulldown assays to identify interacting proteins. We showed that both complexins I and II bound mouse sperm dynamin 2. Dynamin 2 is a 100 kDa GTPase essential to many aspects of endocytosis but its potential role in exocytosis is unknown. Dynamin 2 is expressed in rat testis and widely expressed in other tissues; however, the function of dynamin 2 in germ cells is uncertain. Dynamin 2 protein was detected in mouse testis and was most abundant in or around the developing acrosome of spermatids. In addition, dynamin 2 was co-localized with complexin I in the acrosomal region of mammalian sperm. Its co-localization and interaction with complexin I suggest that dynamin 2 may play a role during acrosome formation and/or acrosomal exocytosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 750–757, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An adaptive quadratic approximation for structural and topology optimization

A new adaptive quadratic algorithm for structural and topology optimization is proposed.Inconsistent enforcements in diagonal quadratic approximation methods are addressed.Performance of various approximation schemes is evaluated in dual sequential optimization framework.Structural and topology optimization problems are used for evaluating the performance.Numerical results demonstrate effectiveness of AQA over other existing methods. In dual sequential methods for structural and topology optimization, approximations based on diagonal quadratic Taylor series expansion methods are frequently used to construct tractable sub-problems. However, when approximating the second-order terms, some inconsistent enforcements are usually employed to ensure the convexity of the approximations (Groenwold et al. (2010)), which may cause convergence problems in the optimization process. In this paper, an adaptive quadratic approximation (AQA) is proposed to improve robustness and convergence performance of the optimization process. Numerical results on representative structural and topology optimization problems show the efficiency of the new proposed method over other existing algorithms.
Emergency Hormonal Post‐Coital Contraception: An Integrative Review of the Literature

The emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) also known as the morning-after pill is a form of postcoital contraception which has been available in many outpatient settings throughout the last decade for women who have experienced unprotected sexual intercourse and want to avoid pregnancy. ECPs are administered in the form of one of several common oral contraceptives most often as Orval. The availability of ECPs is an important health issue for health services on college campuses where most women are in an age group in which sexual intercourse is often unprotected and among whom individual menstrual cyclicity may be only vaguely understood. The author presents her review of 15 ECP-related articles written during 1974-94. The literature is described with regard to pill efficacy the evaluation of pre-existing pregnancy the incidence and management of nausea and vomiting and the effect of ECPs upon menses. An annotated bibliography is presented along with discussion of the implications for practice and research needed.
Iron deficiency in patients with renal failure

Iron deficiency in patients with renal failure. The anemia of renal failure is caused by the lack of sufficient quantities of endogenous erythropoietin. With the availability of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), however, it has become apparent that to achieve a given target, hematocrit requires proper management of iron replacement, as well as the administration of rHuEPO. Iron deficiency, either absolute or functional, will occur in most, if not all, patients on hemodialysis receiving rHuEPO because of the increased demand for iron driven by the accelerated erythropoiesis that occurs with exogenous rHuEPO administration, coupled with ongoing blood losses from dialyzer and tubing, blood sampling, gastrointestinal blood loss, and blood losses at the time of dialysis needle placement and removal. Blood loss is less of a problem in patients on peritoneal dialysis, but poor iron intake and increased demand for iron are also seen, the latter in patients receiving rHuEPO. It is essential, therefore, for renal health professionals to understand iron metabolism in dialysis patients in order to properly balance the therapy of renal anemia with rHuEPO and supplemental iron.
Pure and binary component sorption equilibria of light hydrocarbons in the zeolite silicalite from grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations

Abstract Results of grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of methane, ethane, propane and their binary mixtures in the zeolite silicalite are presented. The simulations show good agreement with experimentally obtained isotherms and isosteric heats. The binary simulations agree well with predictions made using the Ideal Adsorbed Solution (IAS) theory. This indicates that these light hydrocarbons behave ideally within the silicalite pores, in agreement with previous experiments [J.A. Dunne, M. Rao, S. Sircar, R.J. Gorte, A.L. Myers, Langmuir 13 (1997) 4333–4341]. All three species prefer to locate within the channel regions of silicalite, occupying the spacious but energetically unfavorable intersection regions only at the highest pressures.
Stack sampling for organic emissions

Along with increased activity in source sampling for organics, there have been many improvements in the methods of acquiring samples. Much has been learned about how best to proceed, and a number of potentially serious pitfalls have been discovered, characterized, and circumvented. Unfortunately, communication of all of this new technology has not always been effective. This paper reviews some of the more important fundamental principles involved in stack sampling for organics, briefly describes and discusses recently developed equipment, and points out a few of the more serious pitfalls to be avoided. Extensive references are provided, many of which are often overlooked by newcomers to the field. The conclusion is reached that it is possible to consistently obtain high‐quality samples of organic materials from stationary source stacks, even though knowledge and caution are necessary.
Even orthogonal and symplectic sigma models

Abstract Generalized non-linear sigma models based on the even orthogonal and symplectic groups are formulated on their relevant cosets. Explicit construction shows that these models are subvarieties of a class of models built on the complex grassmannian manifold. Their connection with certain known models at small degrees of freedom is examined.
SU‐E‐J‐85: Landmark‐Driven Interactive Deformable Image Registration

Purpose: To build a framework for deformable B‐spline image registration with user controlled accuracy by using the positions of point landmarks as guidance. Methods: Manually identified point landmarks are placed on the reference image and their corresponding locations on the test image. An intensity‐based similarity measure is optimized under the constraint of minimizing the distance between the corresponding landmarks. After the Result of registration is visually inspected, the positions of the landmarks may be manually adjusted to improve matching accuracy. Each landmark adjustment operation triggers a re‐optimization routine, which can be repeated until the desired accuracy is reached. Results: We have tested the method on medical use cases to register CT images of the upper body, common in radiotherapy of head and neck cancer. The registration of these images compensates for position error, including pitch and yaw of the head, and flexion of the spine. Deformable registration of these images is very challenging when there is a large spatial shift of the head position. Placing landmarks on a single cross‐section and running optimization one or two times leads to a satisfactory Result. Conclusion: We have developed a practical method of interactive, intuitive correction of deformable registration of medical images. The method integrates both intensity and landmark matching. Our results prove the feasibility of the method and demonstrate potential of the tool for clinical applications.
Relationships of media use and political disaffection to political efficacy and voting behavior

A random telephone survey (N=582) of Washington state voters conducted in November 1994 examines relationships among mass media use, specific aspects of political disaffection, political efficacy and participation. Results suggest that negativism toward media campaign coverage reduces media use and that cynicism toward the political system reduces political efficacy. Negativism and media use also are negatively related to cynicism. Contrary to concerns expressed by some scholars and journalists concerning the negative impact of superficial media coverage on political participation, however, mass media use positively predicts voting behavior. In addition, negativism toward campaign tactics appears unrelated to political participation.
Flow Instability in the Orthogonal Machining of CP Titanium

An experimental and analytical investigation of flow instability and shear localization in the orthogonal machining of grade 2 commercially pure titanium was made. A criterion for thermo-plastic instability was developed from torsion test results and applied to the analysis of the chip formation process. It was shown that flow instability followed by flow localization occurs when machining titanium at all cutting speeds and that a transition in the chip type from uniform to segmented does not occur. Orthogonal machining experiments were conducted in the speed range from 8.75 x 10 -5 to 3.20 m/s for various depths of cut and the shear strain in the chip was calculated. It was shown that shear localization occurred in the chip formation process when the uniform shear strain involved in producing a chip segment reached a critical value and that this critical shear strain correlates fairly well with the instability shear strain predicted by the thermo-plastic instability criterion.
Electronic monitoring of farm animals: a review of research and development requirements and expected benefits

Abstract Electronic identification and monitoring are important tools within the management of animal husbandry systems. However, current systems have important shortcomings. Technical improvements as well as complementary non-engineering aspects are suggested for further research. Potential economic, social and technical benefits are illustrated with examples related to pig husbandry.
Environment effects on surface-plasmon spectra in gold-island films potential for sensing applications

The effects of the local dielectric environment on the surface-plasmon resonances of annealed gold-island films as a potential for sensing applications are studied experimentally and modeled theoretically. Gold-island films were annealed at 600 °C to produce spheroidal shape particles that exhibit well-resolved resonances in polarized, angle-resolved, absorption spectra. These resonances are shifted in different amounts by the depolarization effect of the surrounding medium (liquids with various refraction indices). Cross-section calculations based on nonretarded, single-particle, dielectric interaction for these various configurations are presented and are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. The results show an interesting potential for biosensing or environmental monitoring applications.
Fall Meeting site

The world is clearly a very troubled place. Many problems contributing to this trouble, such as climatic changes, effects of global war, geophysical disasters, etc., are the concern and come under the purview of members of AGU. Within this context, it was clear at the last AGU Fall Meeting that the matter uppermost in most members minds was the large number of parallel sessions. In light of the overwhelming importance ascribed to this issue, I have devoted considerable thought as to how to solve this overcrowding. Putting aside for the moment the issue of whether or not the recent Cathedral Hill Hotel fire was a sign from on high in this matter, I wish to pursue what we, as a Union, can do to solve the problem. Remarkably enough, the Meetings Committee had already apparently perceived the nature of the solution (although dimly) and had stumbled upon a form of my result in a different context. It is perhaps worthwhile for me to review this previous situation prior to presenting my ideas for the West Coast meeting.
Kinetic Modeling Shows that the Apparent Rate of Troponin Dissociation from Myofibrils Probes the B-state to C-state Equilibrium of the Thin Filament

The apparent rate of troponin (Tn) dissociation from myofibrils has been used as a method to study thin filament regulation. The rate is dependent upon calcium and strong crossbridges and supports the 3-state model for thin filament regulation (Swartz et al., 2007, J. Mol. Biol. 361:420). Tn dissociation rate is extremely slow so it is not intuitive that such a slow process probes thin filament regulation. To address this, we developed a simple two step kinetic model for Tn dissociation rate, as measured by labeled Tn exchange in myofibrils, and simulated the progress of labeled Tn incorporation into myofibrils and the intensity ratio of the non-overlap to overlap region. TnI's regulatory domain switches from actin-tropomyosin to TnC in the first step and TnT dissociates from actin-tropomyosin in the second step. Step 1 is the transition of the thin filament from the B-state to the C-state, is calcium dependent, and is several orders of magnitude faster than the forward reaction of step 2. By integrating the dimensionless rate equations of the above kinetic model, we have computed the time course of each of the various components. In our numerical simulations, the forward rate constant for step 1 was varied from 2 - 500 s-1 to simulate the pCa 9.0, B-state to pCa 4.0, C-state range. The progress curves for labeled Tn exchange into myofibrils and the derived intensity ratio, assuming a fixed exchange rate in the overlap region, well explain the observed intensity ratio progress curves for labeled Tn exchange into myofibrils. These simulations and experimental observations show that the apparent rate of Tn dissociation probes the B-state to C-state equilibrium of the myofibrillar thin filament. Supported by NIH-HLB.
On the use of bibliographically related titles for the enhancement of document representations

Abstract A recent article by Salton and Zhang compared some retrieval results for document collections indexed using title and abstract only with that of the same indexing enhanced by terms from bibliographically related titles. They observed that the method of adding related title terms is not sufficiently reliable. We feel that their conclusion may be overly pessimistic because it was based on small negative results using a 146-document “soft science” (information science) sample collection and without the benefit of term selection among the bibliographically related titles. On the other hand, we believe that their positive results with a 3204-document computer science collection is significant and may serve as new evidence that the method may actually work for scientific literature. Discussions on some strategies for term selection are given, as well as reasons why cited titles are useful and preferred over other types of related titles.
Spectroscopic sensing of NH3 emissions from flame retardants

A Fourier transform spectrometer system housed in a four-wheel drive vehicle has been developed by the Army Research Laboratory, and recently was used to observe the smoke plume from a large brush fire in the Organ Mountains of south central New Mexico. The spectrometer was approximately 8 km from the fire during data acquisition. After processing, it was apparent that emission spectra from the plume contained ammonia emission lines. Ammonia is believed to have been released by the thermal decomposition of flame retardant chemicals that were being used to contain the fire.
Manipulation of mobile phase parameters for the HPLC separation of endogenous monoamines in rat brain tissue

Multi-component mobile phases are common in ion pair reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of endogenous monoamines in rat brain tissue. By examining the effects of each component of a mobile phase on the separation of a number of monoamines and their metabolites, we show how optimization of parameters can achieve and/or maintain a separation both within and between different octadecyl columns. The assay itself is rapid, sensitive, demands minimal sample preparation, and results in complete resolution of the amines. More importantly, the basis for the manipulation of mobile phase components is discussed with regard to practical utilization in selective amine separation. We conclude that knowledge of mobile phase parameters, their mechanism, and manipulation is as important as the assay itself.