cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A debate between Paul Soukup, SJ and Paul Glader on how digital culture is affecting media education on religion

The debate feature of the journal is one in which two scholars offer their contrasting reflections on a topic of interest. This year, Church Communication and Culture posed the question ‘How is dig...
Abstract 14678: Prevalence Of Sglt2 Inhibitor And Glp-1 Receptor Agonist Prescriptions In Patients With Comorbid Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease In An Integrated Academic Health System

Introduction: Multiple randomized clinical trials have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists reduce the risk of cardiovas...
Exploring Student Perceptions of Flipgrid in Online Courses.

Asynchronous video-based discussions have affordances that can address some of the constraints of asynchronous text-based discussions. However, little research has been conducted on the use of asynchronous video-based discussions in online courses. As a result, the purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate students’ perceptions of using Flipgrid for asynchronous video-based discussions in fully online courses. We used a cross-sectional survey design to survey 79 students who used Flipgrid in a fully online course. Students overall reported that they liked using Flipgrid, it was easy to use, and that it helped improve social presence. In this paper, we will report the results of our inquiry and implications for research and practice.
Pride of Lions and Man Differential Game

A reach-avoid differential game with multiple players is considered in this paper. A group of defenders is in charge of capturing a spy before it leaves the game set. This paper addresses cooperation among the defenders which protect a circular area of interest and try to intercept an intelligent adversary/intruder. The optimal strategies for each team, the defender team and the spy, are obtained. These strategies and the Value function are obtained in analytical and explicit form. Furthermore, it is verified that the Value function is continuously differentiable and it is the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation. Finally, the Barrier surface that separates the winning regions of each team is obtained in explicit form. Illustrative examples show the Barrier surface cross-sections of this high dimensional differential game.
Stock Trades of Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Employees

We examine the profitability of stock trades executed by SEC employees. Subject to the considerable constraints of the data (no portfolio information, occupational details, or individual identifiers and inability to determine actual profitability of trades), we find that a hedge portfolio mimicking such trades earns a positive abnormal return of about 8.5% per year in U.S. stocks, driven primarily by negative abnormal future returns on sell transactions. The SEC claims that this result stems in part from employees being forced to sell stocks in a firm when they are assigned to secret investigations. We question whether this policy is reasonable.
The impact of genetic background and sex on the phenotype of IL-23 induced murine arthritis

Abstract Background Overexpression of IL-23 in adult mice by means of hydrodynamic tail vein injection of IL-23 minicircles has been reported to result in spondyloarthritis-like disease. The impact of genetic background and sex on the disease phenotype in this model has not been investigated. Methods We compared male B10.RIII mice with male C57BL/6 mice, and male with female B10.RIII mice after hydrodynamic injection of IL-23 enhanced episomal vector (EEV) at 8-12 weeks of age. We monitored clinical arthritis scores, paw swelling, and body weight. Animals were euthanized after two weeks and tissues were harvested for histology, flow cytometry and gene expression analysis. Serum cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Findings Male B10.RIII mice developed arthritis in the forepaws and feet within 6 days after IL-23 EEV injection; they also exhibited psoriasis-like skin disease, colitis, weight loss, and osteopenia. In contrast to previous reports, we did not observe spondylitis or uveitis. Male C57BL/6 mice injected with IL-23 EEV had serum IL-23 levels comparable with B10.RIII mice and developed skin inflammation, colitis, weight loss, and osteopenia but failed to develop arthritis. Female B10.RIII mice had more severe arthritis than male B10.RIII mice but did not lose weight. Conclusions Systemic IL-23 overexpression results in spondyloarthritis-like disease in B10.RIII mice. The development of extra-articular manifestations but absence of arthritis in C57BL/6 mice suggests organ-specific genetic control mechanisms of IL-23 driven inflammation. Discrepancies regarding the phenotype of IL-23 induced disease in different labs and the sexual dimorphism observed in this study warrant further exploration.
Music's effect on pain relief during outpatient urological procedures: a single center, randomized control trial focusing on gender differences.

Background Listening to preferred music can provide distraction and reduce the feeling of pain and negative emotions associated with an uncomfortable experience. Several studies have examined how music can reduce pain and anxiety related to urological procedures that are not typically performed under anesthesia, such as cystoscopy, cystoscopy with stent pull, and urodynamic studies. To our knowledge, no studies have been done to examine the effect of listening to preferred music generalized across a variety of these procedures. Therefore, we looked to combine multiple factors from prior studies to determine if listening to music of a patient's choice would decrease pain during various outpatient clinic urological procedures, and to examine differences between men and women. Methods This was a single investigator series randomized controlled trial with 91 subjects in an academic outpatient urology clinic. After applying exclusion criteria, eligible patients were randomized to a music group or non-music group via coin flip. Fifty-three patients were in the music group (16 men, 37 women) and 38 patients were in the non-music group (16 men, 22 women). Subjects in the music group selected a song to play during the procedure, which was stopped at the conclusion of the procedure. Pre- and post-procedure Visual Analog Pain Scale were completed by the subjects of each group and subsequently analyzed. Where appropriate either Pearson's Chi-Square or Independent-Sample t-test were used to compare the groups as well as randomized-repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results For men, pain scores worsened in both groups, however the music group experienced a statistically significant increase in pain (mean change =1.0, P=0.05), while the non-music group only clinically worsened (mean change =0.38, P=0.459). For women, the music group noticed an improvement in the pain score (mean change =-0.14, P=0.590), while the non-music group significantly worsened (mean change =1.14, P=0.008). Conclusions Women who listened to music of their choosing experienced significant improvement in overall perceived pain compared to women who did not listen to music. Women may benefit from music as a novel tool to alleviate pain during outpatient clinic urological procedures.
Design of High-Linearity Mixer-First Receivers for mm-Wave Digital MIMO Arrays

A 10–35-GHz mixer-first receiver is proposed for use in digital multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) arrays. Techniques are proposed to enhance the linearity of such receivers, both at baseband and the RF mixer switches. Techniques to mitigate charge sharing due to local oscillator (LO) overlap are also proposed. Detailed simulation results are provided to illustrate the benefits of these techniques. An integrated circuit prototype is fabricated in 28-nm bulk CMOS and fully characterized. The receiver has built-in programmability to tradeoff gain for linearity. The receiver achieves a peak in-band IIP3 of +14.1 dBm, a peak gain of 14.5 dB, and a noise figure of 12.5 dB, in its nominal setting.
Electrochemical Detection of Underwater CO2 Using Amine-Functionalized Electrode

Abstract In this paper, fabrication of amino group-modified sensor electrode and electrochemical detection of CO 2 in the saline solution will be reported. Electrochemical detection of CO 2 was carried out using cyclic voltammetry technique in redox active potassium ferricyanide aqueous solution. Peak currents of oxidation and reduction reaction in cyclic voltammograms have changed according to the concentration of CO 2 molecules in the measurement solutions. The calibration curve for the CO 2 concentration was obtained by plotting oxidation peak currents. The sensor electrode prepared in this study can estimate differences between the concentration of CO 2 in normal seawater and that of up to 20 times.
Extended polysialic acid chains (n greater than 55) in glycoproteins from human neuroblastoma cells.

Abstract Polysialic acid-containing glycoproteins consisting of extended chains of at least 55 sialyl residues (DP55, where DP represents degree of polymerization) are expressed on human neuroblastoma cells, CHP-134. The strategy used for detecting these unique carbohydrate structures was based on the use of two highly specific prokaryotic-derived enzyme systems and an anti-polysialosyl antibody (H.46). These probes were developed for the detection of polysialic acid on neural cell adhesion molecules (Troy, F. A., Hallenbeck, P. C., McCoy, R. D., and Vimr, E. R. (1987) Methods Enzymol. 138, 169-185). Proof for the presence of long chain multimers of sialic acid was based on two types of experiments which utilized: 1) a glycopeptide fraction of CHP-134 cells, labeled metabolically with D-[3H]GlcN and 2) a membrane fraction from CHP-134 cells which served as an exogenous acceptor of [14C] NeuNAc residues in an Escherichia coli K1 sialyltransferase assay. In vitro, this enzyme CMP-NeuNAc:poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of [14C]NeuNAc from CMP-[14C]NeuNAc to exogenous acceptors containing at least 3 sialyl residues. In the first series of experiments, endo-N-acetylneuraminidase (Endo-N), a bacteriophage-derived enzyme specific for hydrolyzing poly-alpha-2,8-sialosyl chains containing a minimum of 5 sialyl residues was used. Limit Endo-N digestion of the 3H-glycopeptides from the [3H] GlcN-labeled cells released short [3H]sialyl oligomers [( 3H]DP1-6) which were degraded to [3H]NeuNAc by exosialidase. Partial Endo-N digestion released a series of [3H]sialyl oligomers extending up to DP55. The longer (DP20-55) and intermediate sized (DP10-20) oligomers were isolated and converted to short oligomers ((3H]DP1-6) by retreating with Endo-N, thus confirming their identity as homo-oligomers of alpha-2,8-linked [3H]NeuNAc residues. In the second series of experiments, a membrane fraction of CHP-134 cells was radiolabeled in vitro with [14C]NeuNAc by E. coli K1 sialyltransferase. The membrane fraction had a major portion of radioactivity that was high Mr and polydisperse (Mr 100,000-250,000) as demonstrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Using Western blotting, pre-existing material of similar size was shown to react with antibody H.46.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Client/Server Computing

Client/server computing is a broadly defined term that describes a system architectural configuration. In particular, client/server computing conceptually and physically divides an application into component processes. The ensuing processes work together to satisfy the requirements of the overall application. The particular configuration of the processes describes the client/server system. Three defining classification scenarios are presented. The first classification is based on the presentation–application–data (P–A–D) architecture. P–A–D defines and classifies an application based upon how the computational requirements are distributed between the client and the server. The second classification is based on the number of separate processes (or tiers) that exist within a client/server application. The final classification is based on the functional role of the server process. Client/server processes must interoperate seamlessly. The integration of software and hardware is challenging, particularly in heterogeneous environments. Middleware is an enabling technology that facilitates the intercommunication among software processes. Component software is an approach whereby self-contained, self-describing objects are combined to form applications. Networking technologies bridge the gap among the various computing and networking devices. This chapter concludes with a review of the following client/server implementations: the Internet, intranets, and extranets. Keywords: client/server computing; client/server tier; component model; extranets; Internet protocol stack; intranets; middleware
Some of the misconceptions associated with the conjugate gradient method

The objective of this paper is to clarify certain misconceptions that have been propragated by the profusion of papers being published.The presentation will illustrate from a purely scientific viewpoint.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SHOE ON GAIT

Electrobasographic records, together with 7,000 feet of moving pictures, have been made of two women with "normal" gait, with thirteen different pairs of shoes. Interpretation of the gait records has been supported by the analysis of moving pictures made at 64 exposures per second. The electrobasographic records have revealed the presence or absence of stability of the feet of persons wearing shoes of known last design, heel height, and quality of material, workmanship, and construction. Pronation is revealed by diminution of weight-bearing time on the fifth metatarsal head. Improper fitting of shoes, producing discomfort, is not revealed in the electrobasographic record until after the subject is unable to compensate for the pain produced. The fitting of shoes has been based upon foot length, width, and comfort in the shoe. Little attention has been given to depth. Evidence presented indicates that stability of the foot in the shoe is not related to these criteria of fit. The shoe must, therefore, be regarded as a potential cause of inequality of weight-bearing on the three respective points of each foot. Records indicate that shoes must differ in design of the last and other physical characteristics, so that they may fit most women with comfort and provide stability for the feet under the influence of weight-bearing. Although new shoes of inferior quality of material and workmanship may be comfortable and provide stability, they are more predisposed to the loss of the latter essential characteristic with increasing use and poor care. Evidence indicates that, although the size of shoe may be correct and the foot may be free from pain, instability and abnormality in weight-bearing may result from improper design of the last with relation to the feet in question. This fault cannot be corrected by quality of material and skill in shoe construction. The foundation is wrong. Data justify the statement that even a heel two and seven-eighths inches high may be worn upon occasion without subjective discomfort or recordable indication of instability of the feet. Some feet are more unstable than others; therefore, a particular shoe may not provide equal stability for different individuals. The final conclusion of this work is that all of the factors pertaining to the relation of the patient's shoes to electrobasographic records are under control.
Dexamethasone induces apoptosis of progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of developing rat brain.

The use of dexamethasone in premature infants to prevent and/or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia adversely affects neurocognitive development and is associated with cerebral palsy. The underlying mechanisms of these effects are multifactorial and likely include apoptosis. The objective of this study was to confirm whether dexamethasone causes apoptosis in different regions of the developing rat brain. On postnatal day 2, pups in each litter were randomly divided into the dexamethasone-treated (n = 91) or vehicle-treated (n = 92) groups. Rat pups in the dexamethasone group received tapering doses of dexamethasone on postnatal days 3–6 (0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.06 mg/kg/day, respectively). Dexamethasone treatment significantly decreased the gain of body and brain weight and increased brain caspase-3 activity, DNA fragments, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and cleaved caspse-3-positive cells at 24 hr after treatment. Dexamethasone increased cleaved caspse-3-positive cells in the cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, dentate gyrus, and subventricular zone. Double-immunofluorescence studies show that progenitor cells in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus preferentially undergo apoptosis following dexamethasone exposure. These results indicate that dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in immature cells in developing brain is one of the mechanisms of its neurodegenerative effects in newborn rats. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of selective attention in peripheral and foveal vision

Previous research had indicated that there were differences in the kinds of stimulus information processed by concentrated and distributed attention in peripheral vision. Concentrated attention was necessary for perceiving line arrangement differences, while line slant differences could be detected with distributed attention. However, experiments with foveal presentation showed no facilitation by concentrating attention. Experiment I replicated these results. Experiment II showed that distributed attention did degrade foveal line arrangement discrimination if the attention system was overloaded by increasing the number of elements in the array. Experiment III demonstrated that high element density was not a sufficient condition for these effects to occur. Line arrangement discrimination was reduced as letter number increased even when maximum density was held constant. In Experim~ent IV, it was shown that concentrating attention facilitated line arrangement discrimination relative to line slant discrimination in foveal vision when element number and density were held constant. The results are discussed in terms of several models postulating a difference between spread-out and concentrated attention systems.
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia Caused by T-cell Lymphoma in a Young Man With Hepatitis C Virus Infection

A24-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse and recently diagnosed hepatitis C virus (HCV) presented to the emergency department with 1 month of progressive abdominal pain. His pain was associated with nausea, vomiting, and bright blood streaked in his bowel movements. On presentation, he was in mild distress because of pain. His vital signs were normal, and his abdomen was mildly distended with mild diffuse tenderness and hypoactive bowel sounds. In review of systems, he endorsed an 8-pound weight loss and night sweats. Laboratory results, including a complete blood cell count, basic metabolic panel, liver function tests, and lactate, were all within normal limits. His HCV viral load was 8 million IU/mL, and he was HIV seronegative. Because of the abdominal pain out of proportion to the physical exam, computed tomography scan of the abdomen with contrast (Figure A) was performed, which showed a mesenteric mass with encasement of the superior mesenteric artery (arrow) and diffuse thickening and inflammation of the small bowel concerning for acute mesenteric ischemia. Surgery was consulted, and initial plans for observation and computed tomography–guided biopsy of the mass were altered after worsening of the patient’s abdominal exam and elevation of the serum lactate. An emergent exploratory laparotomy with small bowel resection was performed. Gross pathology (Figure B) demonstrated portions of ischemic small bowel (asterisk) and areas suggestive of infiltrating lesion (arrows). Histology demonstrated transmural infiltration of malignant cells with acute ischemic mucosal necrosis. Double immunohistochemical staining (Figure C) highlighted numerous intravascular (CD31; red chromogen) anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (brown chromogen) large T-cell tumor thrombi. Soon after the surgery, his abdominal pain resolved, and he was started on chemotherapy for anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma. T-cell lymphomas typically present with diffuse lymphadenopathy and extranodal lymphadenopathy involving the skin or gastrointestinal tract. Many patients have B symptoms of fever, night sweats, and weight loss. T-cell lymphoma encasing the superior mesenteric vascular supply and resulting in acute mesenteric ischemia is uncommon, but a small case series has been published. HCV has been linked to B-cell lymphomas with a reported prevalence up to 15%, but the association between HCV and T-cell lymphomas is not well– established. In fact, a large study looking at the association between HCV and lymphomas found no patients with T-cell lymphoma to have HCV positivity. Although
Transition-temperature oscillations in thin superconducting films

Ultrathin films of Sn have been grown incrementally on substrates held at 15 K and then studied in situ at low temperatures. This process of repeatedly increasing the thickness of a film facilitates the investigation of thickness-dependent physical properties. The superconducting transition temperature has been found to oscillate with a period which was nominally about 4 \AA{}. The latter is approximately a factor of 2 larger than the prediction of simple theoretical models. Oscillations of the normal-state resistance with thickness have not been observed.
Evaluation of washing procedures for pollution analysis of Ailanthus altissima leaves

A study of nine different washing procedures using Alconox, HCl and Na2 EDTA for use on Ailanthus altissima leaves in particulate pollutant analyses was conducted. Leaf mineral analyses of washed and unwashed samples were carried out for Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn by atomic absorption spectrometry, for Cl by a specific ion electrode and for Ti by a spectrophotometric procedure. The data showed that a procedure consisting of washing by hand with 1% Alconox, followed by 0·01m Na2 EDTA, was most effective in removing surface Fe, Cu, Zn and Ti and led to little change in leaf K or Cl.
A retroperitoneal femoral nerve schwannoma as a cause of chronic pelvic pain.

Abstract This is a case report of pelvic pain caused by a large retroperitoneal femoral nerve schwannoma. A 31-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 2, was referred for surgical treatment of her chronic right lower quadrant pain. Laparoscopy revealed normal pelvic anatomy and a 7- × 5-cm mass overlying the right psoas muscle and involving the right femoral nerve. A combination of laparoscopic and laparotomy dissection allowed complete excision of the mass. Pathological analysis of the mass revealed a benign schwannoma of the femoral nerve sheath. Transient right femoral neuropathy complicated her postoperative course. Nongynecologic causes of pelvic pain are common and may include neurologically derived causes. Retroperitoneal schwannomas are uncommon and occur in about 0.5% of schwannomas. Complete surgical excision is recommended and results in an excellent cure rate.
Community-Acquired Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by Serratia marcescens: Case Report and Review

Serratia marcescens is a gram-negative bacillus that has been recognized as a human pathogen since the 1960s [1]. This organism is known to cause a variety of infections including bacteremia, pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, and septic arthritis [2]. Communityacquired infections are uncommon and most often occur in immunocompromised or neutropenic persons [2, 3]. Serratia marcescens is also an unusual cause of soft tissue infections such as cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis [3]. We report a case of community-acquired necrotizing fasciitis secondary to Serratia marcescens infection that occurred in an otherwise healthy woman.
4b,5,7,7a‐Tetrahydro‐4b,7a‐epiminomethanoimino‐6H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline‐6,13‐dione monohydrate

The title compound, C14H10N6O2·H2O, has inherent hydrogen-bonding sites that allow for a very tight packing structure. There are two organic mol­ecules and two water mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, which are connected by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The O atoms come from both water and urea, giving rise to a complex three-dimensional mol­ecular cluster. Features associated with the hydrogen bonding and solid-state emission and excitation spectra are discussed in the supplementary material.
Physiologic estradiol replacement therapy and cardiac structure and function in normal postmenopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, crossover trial

Objective: To assess the effect of estradiol (E2) replacement therapy on cardiac structure and function in healthy postmenopausal women. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 31 healthy postmenopausal female volunteer study subjects (55–65 years) using 12 weeks of micronized E2 replacement therapy (2 mg/day). Echocardiography and Doppler techniques were used to assess the cardiac effects of E2 at rest and during graded bicycle ergometry. Results: Crossover analysis demonstrated no carryover effects of estrogen treatment (which increased serum E2 15-fold to 37.6 pmol/L) on the cardiac characteristics measured. Estradiol treatment did not affect measurements of systolic function, diastolic function, left ventricular mass, or pulmonary artery pressure at rest or during bicycle ergometry. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume at rest was slightly higher with E2 treatment ( P = .03). However, this change was not reflected by changes in stroke volume, ejection fraction, or cardiac output. Conclusions: Estrogen replacement therapy, which results in physiologic serum concentrations, does not affect cardiac structure or function in normal postmenopausal women after 12 weeks of treatment.
Chain, ladder and self-penetrated cobalt and nickel coordination polymers containing sterically bulky isophthalate and long-spanning dipyridylamide ligands

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of cobalt or nickel nitrate with 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid (H2tbip) and bis(4-pyridylformyl)piperazine (bpfp) under varying synthetic conditions afforded four coordination polymers that were subsequently structurally characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. {[Co(Htbip)2(H2O)2(bpfp)]·H2O}n (1), prepared with a lower concentration of added base, exhibits a 1D sawtooth chain structure. {[Co2(tbip)2(H2O)4(bpfp)]·2H2O}n (2), prepared under higher base conditions, and its analog {[Ni2(tbip)2(H2O)4(bpfp)]·2H2O}n (3), show isostructural 1D ladder topologies. {[Ni(tbip)(H2O)2(bpfp)]·2.25H2O}n (4), prepared using a higher concentration of reactants than for 3, manifests an extremely rare 658 4T10 4-connected self-penetrated topology and represents the first metal dicarboxylate coordination polymer to possess this network. Thermal decomposition behavior of these materials is also discussed.
Molecular orbital study of the cycloaddition reactions of cyclopentyne lumomer

AM1 molecular orbital calculations of the reaction path for [2+2] and [2+4] cycloaddition reactions of cyclopentyne lumomer, 2, with ethylene and 1,3-butadiene show concert for the former process and stepwise character for the latter. The results are consistent with Dewar's theory of orbital isomerism in pericyclic reactions.
Tau neutrino deep inelastic charged current interactions

The ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ oscillation hypothesis will be tested through ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ production of $\ensuremath{\tau}$ in underground neutrino telescopes as well as long-baseline experiments. We provide the full QCD framework for the evaluation of tau neutrino deep inelastic charged current (CC) cross sections at leading twist, including next-to-leading-order (NLO) corrections, charm production, tau threshold, and target mass effects in the collinear approximation. We investigate the violation of the Albright-Jarlskog relations for the structure functions ${F}_{4,5}$ which occur only in heavy lepton $(\ensuremath{\tau})$ scattering. Integrated CC cross sections for neutrino-nucleon interactions are evaluated naively over the full phase space and with the inclusion of DIS kinematic cuts. Uncertainties in our evaluation based on scale dependence, PDF errors and the interplay between kinematic and dynamical power corrections are discussed and/or quantified.
Experimental models of asthma

Ideally, animal models of bronchial asthma should exhibit most if not all features of human bronchial asthma. The general aim of developing such animal models has undoubtedly been to reproduce the human disease in order to study its pathophysiology and pathogenesis. A careful review of the literature indicates that allergic bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig, dog, sheep, and monkey exhibit only some of the typical characteristics of bronchial asthma in man. In keeping with human asthma, allergic animals exhibit nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness and physiologic responses to antigen challenge resembling those in man. Also, the immunologic pathways leading to bronchoconstriction and mucociliary dysfunction are essentially the same in allergic animals and patients with allergic bronchial asthma. On the other hand, spontaneous and persistent bronchial obstruction, typical features of human bronchial asthma, have not been observed in animal models. Likewise, the pathologic lesions of human bronchial asthma have not or only incompletely been reproduced in allergic animals. At the present state of our knowledge, one might therefore conclude that allergic bronchoconstriction in animals is an excellent model of antigen induced bronchoconstriction in man as it is observed in the laboratory, but a less satisfactory model of spontaneous bronchial asthma. The animal models represent useful research tools to study some pathophysiologic aspects of bronchial asthma as long as the limitations of the model are recognized. Which of the four currently used species is chosen for a given experiment and whether new models need to be developed depends upon the physiologic question to be answered.
Nuclear-Motion Corrections to the Fine Structure of Helium

The motion of the nucleus yields numerically important order $\frac{m}{{M}_{\mathrm{He}}}$ corrections to the fine structure of the helium atom. We present here the derivation of such corrections applied to the $2^{3}P$ fine-structure splittings in ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$.
From production to suppression, a critical review of charmonium measurements at RHIC

Abstract Charmonium suppression in hot and dense nuclear matter has been argued to be a signature for the production of the quark gluon plasma (QGP). In order to search for this effect in heavy ion collisions one must have a clear understanding of all the factors that can contribute to such a suppression. These may include shadowing of the partons in a nuclear environment, breakup of a correlated c − c ¯ pair as it traverses the nuclear fragment, suppression of feed-down from higher mass states as well as other initial state interactions. In order to disentangle these effects one must measure charmonium production rates in both proton+proton (p+p) and proton+nucleus (p+A) collisions. The p+p collisions serve as a baseline for searching for suppression compared to binary scaling predictions, allow one to quantify the amount of feed-down from higher states as well as serve as a tool to distinguish between different theoretical calculations for charmonium production mechanisms. In order to quantify nuclear effects it is also necessary to study charmonium production in p+A collisions where the temperature and density of the system are low compared to a heavy ion collision. These measurements allow one to determine the influence of nuclear shadowing and breakup in “cold” nuclear matter which can be extrapolated to heavy ion collisions in order to determine the amount anomalous suppression. Of course, extrapolations that rely on a model based technique depend heavily on the assumption of a production mechanism, a fact that reinforces the importance of the p+p measurements. The PHENIX and STAR experiments at Brookhaven National Laboratory have measured charmonium production in p+p, d+Au, Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at s N N = 200 GeV for both forward and mid rapidities. I will present a review of the latest measurements from both experiments with an emphasis on what we have and can still learned from them about charmonium production and suppression with these experimental apparatuses.
Myoclonus and tachycardia.

a w s f a g t h a m t w v g a s b P e w i r. Tami Tiamfook: Today’s case is that of a 51-yearld man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) who presented to the Emergency Deartment (ED) with complaints of palpitations, acute hortness of breath, and mid-epigastric pain that began 5 minutes before presentation. The patient was at rest at ome when he began to experience his symptoms, and he mmediately called 911. Paramedics found him to be rofusely diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic with a espiratory rate of 32 breaths per minute. They noted heezing on his pulmonary examination. Paramedics lso obtained a 12-lead electrocardiogram (EKG) in the eld, and questioned whether there was ST-segment levation in the precordial leads. The patient was given spirin, oxygen, and nebulized albuterol. When he arived in the ED, he stated that he felt somewhat better ith improvement of his breathing and epigastric pain. e was unsure of his medical history, current medicaions, or allergies, but thought he had a history of hyperension. He did, however, insist that he didn’t feel right.” Dr. Eric Nadel: What was your first impression of his patient’s problem? Dr. Tiamfook:Because of the severity of his shortess of breath, the associated epigastric pain, and the apidity of onset of his symptoms, the most lifehreatening disease processes in our differential diagnois included myocardial ischemia, possibly causing conestive heart failure (CHF), pneumothorax, aortic dissec-
Precursor mediated adsorption of organometallic molecules on GaAs

Abstract We have studied the adsorption dynamics of three organometallic compounds of Ga: trimethylgallium, triethylgallium, and diethylgallium chloride on the GaAs(100) As-rich c(2 × 8) surfaces. These three compounds are frequently used for the chemical vapor deposition of GaAs. By monitoring the residence times and sticking coefficients using time-resolved molecular beam/surface scattering, the adsorption of these molecules was shown to be precursor mediated. The accommodation of the kinetic energies of the molecules on the surfaces resulted in the trapping of the molecules. Most of the trapped molecules were chemisorbed at room temperature and trapping-desorption was insignificant until the surface coverage was close to saturation.
An Exergy-Based Control Strategy for Computer Room Air-Conditioning Units in Data Centers

Recent compaction and miniaturization of electronic equipment has caused a dramatic increase in the amount of heat dissipated within data centers housing compute, network, and storage systems. The efficient thermal management of these systems is complicated by the intricate interdependence among the various components of the thermal architecture, including the heat-dissipating computer racks, the Computer Room Air-Conditioning (CRAC) units, and the physical airspace within the room. To account for this interdependence, an approach based on the thermodynamic metric of exergy has been proposed, which allows for prediction of an optimal CRAC operating point that corresponds to the point of minimal irreversibility for the overall system. To validate the formulated theory, predictions from the model have been compared with actual data center power consumption measurements. Initial comparisons indicate good agreement, suggesting that the proposed theory has great applicability for efficient data center thermal management.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Multistage ab initio quantum wavepacket dynamics for electronic structure and dynamics in open systems: momentum representation, coupled electron-nuclear dynamics, and external fields

We recently proposed a multistage ab initio wavepacket dynamics (MS-AIWD) treatment for the study of delocalized electronic systems as well as electron transport through donor-bridge-acceptor systems such as those found in molecular-wire/electrode networks. In this method, the full donor-bridge-acceptor open system is treated through a rigorous partitioning scheme that utilizes judiciously placed offsetting absorbing and emitting boundary conditions. In this manner, the electronic coupling between the bridge molecule and surrounding electrodes is accounted. Here, we extend MS-AIWD to include the dynamics of open-electronic systems in conjunction with (a) simultaneous treatment of nuclear dynamics and (b) external electromagnetic fields. This generalization is benchmarked through an analysis of wavepackets propagated on a potential modeled on an Al(27) - C(7) - Al(27) nanowire. The wavepacket results are inspected in the momentum representation and the dependence of momentum of the wavepacket as well as its transmission probabilities on the magnitude of external bias are analyzed.
An Ambulatory Pediatric Unit Consumer's Satisfaction

Description and discussion of organization, development and responses of parents to a newly created facility for ambulatory pediatric care.
Bradykinin Sensitization of TRPV1 Channels

Bradykinin (BK) and nerve growth factor (NGF) both sensitize TRPV1 channels in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons of mammals. BK treatment of dissociated DRG neurons and transiently transfected cells expressing TRPV1 and the B2 receptor for BK (a Gαq-coupled GPCR) confirmed reports in the literature of increased capsaicin-activated currents in whole-cell recordings. Calcium imaging of human embryonic kidney 293 cells (293T) and DRG-neuroblastoma hybrid cells (F-11) show a consistent calcium rise upon treatment with BK, but up to three-day-old dissociated DRG neurons seldom show a calcium rise. Confocal imaging of F11 and 293T cells transfected with a fluorescent diacylglycerol probe (C1-PKC-GFP) shows an increase of DAG in the plasma membrane (PM) upon application of BK, but a fluorescent phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) probe (YFP-PLCd1-PH) did not reveal a change in the PIP2 levels on the PM. Calcium imaging of dissociated DRG neurons and F-11 cells expressing NGF-receptors trkA and p75 did not show calcium rise upon application of NGF. F-11 cells expressing NGF receptor, TRPV1 channels and a fluorescent phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) probe (YFP-GRP1-PH) exhibit increased PIP3 levels on the PM upon NGF treatment. F-11 cells expressing the PIP3 probe did not show a change of PIP3 levels on the plasma membrane upon application of BK. These results suggest different pathways for BK and NGF sensitization of TRPV1 channels in cultured cells. BK produces TRPV1 sensitization with no measurable change in PIP2 levels, a rise in calcium and an increase on DAG, suggesting changes of second messengers downstream from phospholipase C (PLC) activation different from PIP2, while NGF produces TRPV1 sensitization with a measurable change of PIP3, and no significant change in calcium suggesting changes of second messengers downstream from phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Funding provided by Grant EY07031 from the NEI.
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Morphogenesis of Dendritic Spines

Dendritic spines undergo the processes of formation, maturation, and pruning during development. Molecular mechanisms controlling spine maturation and pruning remain largely unknown. The gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) produces two pools of mRNA, with either a short or long 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR). Our previous results show that short 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA is restricted to cell bodies, whereas long 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA is also trafficked to dendrites for local translation. Mutant mice lacking long 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA display normal spines at 3 weeks of age, but thinner and denser spines in adults compared to wild-type littermates. These observations suggest that BDNF translated from long 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA, likely in dendrites, is required for spine maturation and pruning. In this study, using rat hippocampal neuronal cultures, we found that knocking down long 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA blocked spine head enlargement and spine elimination, whereas overexpressing long 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA had the opposite effect. The effect of long 3′ UTR Bdnf mRNA on spine head enlargement and spine elimination was diminished by a human single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs712442) in its 3′ UTR that inhibited dendritic localization of Bdnf mRNA. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of either Bdnf mRNA increased spine density at earlier time points. Spine morphological alterations were associated with corresponding changes in density, size, and function of synapses. These results indicate that somatically synthesized BDNF promotes spine formation, whereas dendritically synthesized BDNF is a key regulator of spine head growth and spine pruning.
Improving usability of refactoring tools

While the integration of refactoring tools into many development environments has increased, the usability of these tools has remained stagnant. Specifically, when refactorings fail, tools communicate the failure to the programmer poorly, causing the programmer to restructure slowly, conservatively, and without preserving behavior. In the accompanying poster, I show how refactoring correctness, speed, and user satisfaction can be measurably increased by improving the usability of refactoring tools. In the long run, better usability will aid in the adoption and utilization of refactoring tools.
Pediatric observation units in the United States: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: As more efficient and value-based care models are sought for the US healthcare system, geographically distinct observation units (OUs) may become an integral part of hospital-based care for children. PURPOSE: To systematically review the literature and evaluate the structure and function of pediatric OUs in the United States. DATA SOURCES: Searches were conducted in Medline, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Health Care Advisory Board (HCAB), Lexis-Nexis, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Cochrane Reviews, through February 2009, with review of select bibliographies. STUDY SELECTION: English language peer-reviewed publications on pediatric OU care in the United States. DATA EXTRACTION: Two authors independently determined study eligibility. Studies were graded using a 5-level quality assessment tool. Data were extracted using a standardized form. DATA SYNTHESIS: A total of 21 studies met inclusion criteria: 2 randomized trials, 2 prospective observational, 12 retrospective cohort, 2 before and after, and 3 descriptive studies. Studies present data on more than 22,000 children cared for in OUs, most at large academic centers. This systematic review provides a descriptive overview of the structure and function of pediatric OUs in the United States. Despite seemingly straightforward outcomes for OU care, significant heterogeneity in the reporting of length of stay, admission rates, return visit rates, and costs precluded our ability to conduct meta-analyses. We propose standard outcome measures and future directions for pediatric OU research. CONCLUSIONS: Future research using consistent outcome measures will be critical to determining whether OUs can improve the quality and cost of providing care to children requiring observation-length stays. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:172–182. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
EGFR-Induced and PKCε Monoubiquitylation-Dependent NF-κB Activation Upregulates PKM2 Expression and Promotes Tumorigenesis

Many types of human tumor cells have overexpressed pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). However, the mechanism underlying this increased PKM2 expression remains to be defined. We demonstrate here that EGFR activation induces PLCγ1-dependent PKCe monoubiquitylation at Lys321 mediated by RINCK1 ubiquitin ligase. Monoubiquitylated PKCe interacts with a ubiquitin-binding domain in NEMO zinc finger and recruits the cytosolic IKK complex to the plasma membrane, where PKCe phosphorylates IKKβ at Ser177 and activates IKKβ. Activated RelA interacts with HIF1α, which is required for RelA to bind the PKM promoter. PKCe- and NF-κB-dependent PKM2 upregulation is required for EGFR-promoted glycolysis and tumorigenesis. In addition, PKM2 expression correlates with EGFR and IKKβ activity in human glioblastoma specimens and with grade of glioma malignancy. These findings highlight the distinct regulation of NF-κB by EGF, in contrast to TNF-α, and the importance of the metabolic cooperation between the EGFR and NF-κB pathways in PKM2 upregulation and tumorigenesis.
Vertical vs horizontal presentations in the visual cliff apparatus.

It has been well established that rats, chicks, and other species prefer the shallow side when tested on the visual cliff ( 3 ) . There is also evidence that some animals approach the nearer of two patterns when they are presented vertically in front of a subject. McGu~gan ( 1 ) found a significant preference for the nearer of two patterns by rats. Sornerv~ll and Zarat ( 2 ) found a significant preference by both chicks and rats for the nearer of two vertical patterns. The fact that rats and chicks approach the nearer of two patterns in non-cliff situations raises the question as to whether a "deep" pattern presented in a cliff condition is any more aversive than a "far" pattern presented in a non-cliff condition. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to determine whether a "deep" pattern (cliff condition) condition is more aversive than a "far" pattern (non-cliff c o n d i t i ~ n ) . ~ Subjects were 240 newly hatched White Leghorn chicks. An apparatus was constructed so that two patterns could be presented either vertically or horizontally on either side of a centerboard. Four groups of 60 chicks were exposed to one of four conditions: ( 1 ) a shallow horizontal pattern versus a far vertical pattern, ( 2 ) a deep horizontal pattern versus a near vertical pattern, ( 3 ) a deep horizontal pattern versus a far vertical pattern, and ( 4 ) a shallow horizontal pattern versus a near vertical pattern. Shallow and near patterns consisted of 2.54-cm red and white squares presented 11.43 cm from a chick's eye. Deep and far patterns consisted of 10.16-cm red and white squares presented 45.72 cm from a chick's eye. The shallow-near patterns should have projected a similar retinal-image size as the deepfar patterns. Based on the assumption that deep and far patterns do not differ in aversiveness, a significant preference for the nearer of two patterns in the near versus deep and the shallow versus far conditions was predicted. N o significant preference was predicted for the shallow versus near and deep versus far conditions. A significant preference was obtained only for the near vertical pattern over the deep horizontal pattern ( X 2 = 26.741, d f = 1, p < .001). AS predicted chicks did show a significant preference for the near pattern in the deep versus near condition and no significant preference for the shallow versus near or deep versus far conditions. However, results for the shallow versus far condition were not significant and not in the cxpected direction (more chicks descended to the far pattern than to the shallow pattern). Unfortunately these findings do not provide a clear answer to the question of whether deep and far patterns differ in aversiveness.