cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping strategies and beliefs about pain in veterans with comorbid chronic pain and significant levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess differences in beliefs about pain and coping strategies employed in veterans with comorbid chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compared to veterans with chronic pain alone. It was hypothesized that veterans with comorbid chronic pain and significant levels of PTSD symptomatology would report higher levels of maladaptive coping strategies and beliefs about pain when compared to veterans with pain alone. Methods Data were obtained from 194 veterans who completed self-report questionnaires as part of their participation in a Psychology Pain Management Program at a northeastern Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare facility. Results Analyses indicated that 47.4% of the sample scored above the clinical cutoff for PTSD symptomatology on the PTSD Checklist – Military Version (PCL-M). A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted with age and pain intensity as covariates. In support of the hypothesis, veterans with comorbid chronic pain and significant levels of PTSD symptomatology endorsed significantly higher levels of maladaptive coping strategies and beliefs about pain (greater catastrophizing and emotional impact on pain; less control over pain) when compared to veterans with chronic pain alone. Discussion The results of this study suggest potential explanations for the previously observed negative effect of PTSD on chronic pain. Moreover, the results suggest specific targets for intervention with patients who have comorbid pain and PTSD.
Maternal glucose loading in the management of fetal distress.

Abstract A group of normal parturients serving as controls and women who exhibited fetal distress in labor have been studied. Normal uterine contractions of labor are associated with findings of a lowered blood pH and elevated pCO 2 . The effects of maternally administering 25 Gm. of glucose intravenously at the time of detecting a fetal bradycardia followed by a continuous 20 per cent glucose infusion has been evaluated. By this procedure plasma glucose levels were significantly elevated resulting in the induction of both maternal and fetal hyperglycemia. The fetal bradycardia was promptly corrected in the cases studied with the single exception of one case which resulted in a stillborn. Maternal inhalation of 100 per cent oxygen is effective in increasing placental oxygen transfer for a total duration of 30 minutes. After that, a decrease in total oxygen transfer has been noted.
Direct measurement of riverine particulate organic carbon age structure

[1] Carbon cycling studies focusing on transport and transformation of terrigenous carbon sources toward marine sedimentary sinks necessitate separation of particulate organic carbon (OC) derived from many different sources and integrated by river systems. Much progress has been made on isolating and characterizing young biologically-formed OC that is still chemically intact, however quantification and characterization of old, refractory rock-bound OC has remained troublesome. Quantification of both endmembers of riverine OC is important to constrain exchanges linking biologic and geologic carbon cycles and regulating atmospheric CO2 and O2. Here, we constrain petrogenic OC proportions in suspended sediment from the headwaters of the Ganges River in Nepal through direct measurement using ramped pyrolysis radiocarbon analysis. The unique results apportion the biospheric and petrogenic fractions of bulk particulate OC and characterize biospheric OC residence time. Compared to the same treatment of POC from the lower Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system, contrast in age spectra of the Ganges tributary samples illustrates the difference between small mountainous river systems and large integrative ones in terms of the global carbon cycle.
The rube Framework for Personalized 3-D Software Visualization

In this chapter, we discuss a software modeling and visualization framework called rube. This framework facilitates the creation of three-dimensional (3-D) software visualizations that integrate both static software architecture and dynamic real-time operation. A unique aspect of rube is that it does not tie developers down to a set of predefined symbols, objects, or metaphors in their visualizations. Consequently, users have the freedom to develop their own representations. The rube framework's general approach to software modeling and representation are discussed. Next, a simple example is developed according to rube's systematic modeling and visualization process. Lastly, benefits of the framework and future directions are discussed.
Overview of Structural Behavior and Occupant Responses from a Crash Test of a Composite Airplane

As part of NASA's composite structures crash dynamics research, a general aviation aircraft with composite wing, fuselage and empennage (but with metal subfloor structure) was crash tested at the NASA Langley Research Center Impact Research Facility. The test was conducted to determine composite aircraft structural behavior for crash loading conditions and to provide a baseline for a similar aircraft test with a modified subfloor. Structural integrity and cabin volume were maintained. Lumbar loads for dummy occupants in energy absorbing seats wer substantially lower than those in standard aircraft seats; however, loads in the standard seats were much higher that those recorded under similar conditions for an all-metallic aircraft.
A hyperstable adaptive line enhancer for frequency estimation

An adaptive line enhancer is presented that is based on a resonator-based IIR filter, that uses a hyperstable update to do the adaptation. The main feature of the algorithm is that the strict positive reality (SPR) requirement for convergence associated with the hyperstable update, is satisfied by imposing some simple sufficient conditions on the input sinusoidal frequencies, which may be obtained relatively easily, numerically, even for high order cases.
Regulation of Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Evidence is presented which indicates that the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine by the methylation pathway in growing cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is repressed by the presence of choline in the growth medium. This result, obtained previously for glucose-grown cells, was also observed for lactate-grown cells, of which half of the phosphatidylcholine is mitochondrial. A respiration-deficient mutant of the parent wild-type strain has been studied, and its inability to form functional mitochondria cannot be due to an impaired methylation pathway, as it has been shown to incorporate 14C-CH3-methionine into all of the methylated glycerophosphatides. The incorporation rate is depressed by the inclusion of 1 mm choline in the growth medium, suggesting a regulatory effect similar to that demonstrated for the wild-type strain. The effects of choline on the glycerophospholipid composition of lactate and glucose-grown cells is presented. The repressive effects of the two related bases, mono- and dimethylethanolamine, were examined, and reduced levels of 14C-CH3-methionine incorporation were found for cells grown in the presence of these bases. The effect of choline on the methylation rates is reversible and glucosegrown cells regain the nonrepressed level of methylation activity in 60 to 80 min after removal of choline from the growth medium.
Modeling the appearance and behavior of urban spaces

The complexity of urban spaces and of the phenomena that take place in them calls for the use of customized computational tools within the city planning and design workflow. We develop a framework that benefits different parts of this workflow, including the design of 3D representations of planned developments, the estimated prediction of the effects of these developments on city behavior, and the visualization of these effects for further analysis. Our approach infers values of urban model variables from user-specified geometric and behavioral constraints and high-level design goals, enforces the procedural generation process to produce geometric assets that behaviorally and geometrically resemble plausible real-world cities, and automatically creates 3D urban models for visualizing behavioral phenomena occurring in urban spaces. Our framework allows users to experiment with alternative spatial and functional configurations of a city, while interactively receiving visual and quantitative feedback that facilitates assessing and understanding the effects of their choices.
Cocrystal Structures of Diaminopimelate Decarboxylase: Mechanism, Evolution, and Inhibition of an Antibiotic Resistance Accessory Factor

Abstract Cocrystal structures of Methanococcus jannaschii diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAPDC) bound to a substrate analog, azelaic acid, and its L-lysine product have been determined at 2.6 A and 2.0 A, respectively. This PLP-dependent enzyme is responsible for the final step of L-lysine biosynthesis in bacteria and plays a role in β-lactam antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus . Substrate specificity derives from recognition of the L-chiral center of diaminopimelate and a system of ionic "molecular rulers" that dictate substrate length. A coupled-enzyme assay system permitted measurement of kinetic parameters for recombinant DAPDCs and inhibition constants (K i ) for azelaic acid (89 μM) and other substrate analogs. Implications for rational design of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents targeted against DAPDCs of drug-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, are discussed.
Type inference with subtypes

We extend polymorphic type inference to include subtypes. This paper describes the following results: •We prove the existence of (i) principal type property and (ii) syntactic completeness of the type checker, for type inference with subtypes. This result is developed with only minimal assumptions on the underlying theory of subtypes. •For a particular “structured” theory of subtypes, those engendered by coercions between type constants only, we prove that principal types are compactly expressible. This suggests that a practical type checker for the structured theory of subtypes is feasible. •We develop efficient algorithms for such a type checker. There are two main algorithms: MATCH and CONSISTENT. The first can be thought of as an extension to the unification algorithm. The second, which has no analogue in conventional type inference, determines whether a set of coercions is consistent.
Metaphor, Idiom, and Pretense*

Imaginative and creative capacities seem to be at the heart of both games of make-believe and figurative uses of language. But how exactly might cases of metaphor or idiom involve make-believe? In this paper, I argue against the pretense-based accounts of Walton (1990, 1993), Hills (1997), and Egan (this journal, 2008) that pretense plays no role in the interpretation of metaphor or idiom; instead, more general capacities for manipulating concepts (which are also called on within the use of pretense) do the real explanatory work. This result has consequences for both our understanding of metaphor and idiom as well as for the use of figurative language by fictionalists in ontology.
Abnormal crystal growth in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx using a multi-cycle solution coating process

Recently, the efficiency of organolead trihalide perovskite solar cells has improved greatly because of improved material qualities with longer carrier diffusion lengths. Mixing chlorine in the precursor for mixed halide films has been reported to dramatically enhance the diffusion lengths of mixed halide perovskite films, mainly as a result of a much longer carrier recombination lifetime. Here we report that adding Cl containing precursor for mixed halide perovskite formation can induce the abnormal grain growth behavior that yields well-oriented grains accompanied by the appearance of some very large size grains. The abnormal grain growth becomes prominent only after multi-cycle coating of MAI : MACl blend precursor. The large grain size is found mainly to contribute to a longer carrier charge recombination lifetime, and thus increases the device efficiency to 18.9%, but without significantly impacting the carrier transport property. The strong correlation identified between material process and morphology provides guidelines for future material optimization and device efficiency enhancement.
Bacillus anthracis capsular conjugates elicit chimpanzee polyclonal antibodies that protect mice from pulmonary anthrax

The immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis capsule (poly-γ-d-glutamic acid [PGA]) conjugated to recombinant B. anthracis protective antigen (rPA) or to tetanus toxoid (TT) was evaluated in two anthrax-naive juvenile chimpanzees. In a previous study of these conjugates, highly protective monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against PGA were generated. This study examines the polyclonal antibody response of the same animals. Preimmune antibodies to PGA with titers of >103 were detected in the chimpanzees. The maximal titer of anti-PGA was induced within 1 to 2 weeks following the 1st immunization, with no booster effects following the 2nd and 3rd immunizations. Thus, the anti-PGA response in the chimpanzees resembled a secondary immune response. Screening of sera from nine unimmunized chimpanzees and six humans revealed antibodies to PGA in all samples, with an average titer of 103. An anti-PA response was also observed following immunization with PGA-rPA conjugate, similar to that seen following immunization with rPA alone. However, in contrast to anti-PGA, preimmune anti-PA antibody titers and those following the 1st immunization were ≤300, with the antibodies peaking above 104 following the 2nd immunization. The polyclonal anti-PGA shared the MAb 11D epitope and, similar to the MAbs, exerted opsonophagocytic killing of B. anthracis. Most important, the PGA-TT–induced antibodies protected mice from a lethal challenge with virulent B. anthracis spores. Our data support the use of PGA conjugates, especially PGA-rPA targeting both toxin and capsule, as expanded-spectrum anthrax vaccines.
Initial RF testing of 95 GHz klystrino

The 95 GHz klystrino under development at SLAC is designed to operate at 110 kV, 2.4 A and produce 100 kW peak output power and 1 kW average power at 1% duty. The final machining of the LIGA assemblies for the round beam klystrino and initial RF testing are underway The presentation will include the initial RF performance of the klystrino, the thermal modeling of the round and sheet beam designs, as well as beam transport issues and cavity field shaping for W-band sheet beams.
Writing in the World of Knowledge: Finding one’s Voice in School, the University, Career, and Society

Voice and knowledge are intimately connected. Learning to write gives us voice beyond the range of hearing and takes the adventure of language across time and distance, placing us in social worlds and social projects with people we cannot see and sometimes cannot even imagine. While early childhood literacy education, helps young children express themselves and grow the motive to write out of personal and play relations, as schooling continues those motivating experiences decreases and writing becomes a narrow exercise mostly associated with assessment rather than accomplishing real life interests. Yet writing outside of school is intimately related to participating in society, and skill in writing gives one voice in professional and civic communities. Writing in school needs to be connected to real life uses and intellectual growth of students. Writing should be supported at each level of education, express and share meanings of importance to students, connected with thinking and knowledge is subject areas, connected with reading, and address situations outside of school important to students.
Evidence for additive effects of virus infection and water availability on phytohormone induction in a staple crop

Infection with phytoviruses influences plant responses to environmental stress, but the biochemical mechanisms underlying these interactions are unknown. Infection of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with a cereal virus (Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV) has context-dependent effects on plant productivity and survival conditional to water stress, and we hypothesized this was due to phythormone induction resulting from virus infection. We tested whether BYDV infection and water availability interact to influence hormone profiles in wheat across multiple time periods. Wheat plants were inoculated with BYDV by exposing them to infectious aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi). Concentrations of five hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate [MS], and salicylic acid [SA]) in leaf tissues were compared to concentrations in plants exposed to noninfectious aphids (sham treatment) and nondamaged control plants for five time-since-infection periods (0, 8, 16, 24, and 32 d) and two levels of water availability (0.2 and 0.8 g H20/g soil). Three important findings emerged: (1) total hormone concentrations in BYDV-infected plants exceeded concentrations in sham-treated and control plants up to 16 d following infection, after which nondamaged plants exhibited the highest concentrations of hormones; compared with nondamaged and BYDV-infected plants, hormone levels were reduced in sham-treated plants; (2) inoculation treatment affected concentrations of MS and SA: SA concentrations were increased in BYDV-infected plants, but control plants exhibited higher MS concentrations than either BYDV-infected or sham-treated plants irrespective of watering treatments and across all time periods; and (3) correlation analysis revealed no evidence of hormonal cross-inhibition. This study provides the first evidence that BYDV infection elevates both total phytohormone levels and SA in wheat in a time-sensitive manner, suggesting a potential biochemical basis for virus-induced hormonal responses that alter plant responses to environmental stress.
Bacterial Reductionism: Host Thiols Enhance Virulence

Intracellular bacteria exploit host cytosolic signals to upregulate virulence genes. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wong et al. (2015) show that Burkholderia pseudomallei senses host cytosolic glutathione, a low-molecular-weight thiol, through the membrane-bound histidine sensor kinase VirA, highlighting the importance of inter-kingdom signaling in bacterial pathogenesis.
Bayesian Confidence Bounds For a Generalized Failure Model

Abstract Bayesian confidence bounds are derived for the generalized failure model when the parameter Θ behaves as a stochastic variable. Two prior distributions are considered the inverted gamma and a quasi prior distribution. Lower and upper Bayes-confidence bounds for the scale parameter and lower bounds for the reliability function are obtained.
Of Rats and Men

The selective breeding of rats as physiological, behavioral, and disease models generated a wealth of variation relevant to the genetics of complex traits. In this issue, Atanur and colleagues sequence the genomes of 25 inbred rat strains to understand how artificial selection shaped their genomes.
Can cholinesterase inhibitors affect neural development

Accumulating evidence supports the view that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) can influence the proliferation and differentiation of nerve cells. AChE in particular has been found to promote neurite outgrowth in a variety of model systems, possibly by serving as an adhesion molecule. Thus one might suspect that cholinesterase inhibitors would disturb neuronal development, with long-term implications for structure and function in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The actual picture is more complex because AChE's effects on neurite outgrowth may reflect protein-protein interactions that are not directly related to catalytic function but are nonetheless influenced by ligands with special structural features. The putative structural interactions have not yet been rigorously defined, but they are likely to involve enzyme regions at or near the peripheral anionic site. In addition to such effects, some organophosphorus anticholinesterases have been reported to act by still other mechanisms to depress macromolecule synthesis and cell survival in the developing brain. Taken together, this emerging information highlights the potential importance of anticholinesterase agents in developmental neurotoxicology.
Aerobraking the Magellan spacecraft in Venus orbit

Abstract A spacecraft which was not designed for atmospheric entry was successfully flown in the sensible upper reaches of the atmosphere of Venus during the periapsis passes of more than 700 orbits, thus becoming the first spacecraft to demonstrate the use of aerobraklng to significantly alter the shape of its orbit at another planet. * Magellan's experimental operation utilized the force imparted by atmospheric drag near periapsis to reduce the altitude of apoapsis by nearly 8000 km using little propellant. The Magellan spacecraft and its data gathering operations are briefly reviewed. Its configuration and operation during aerobraklng is discussed, as are its behavior in the atmosphere, concerns for possible damage, and its resulting orbit. Emphasis is placed on realtime flight operations and the unique demands on spacecraft controllers and JPL's Deep Space Network tracking facility (DSN), during the aerobraking operation.
Infection Retardant Coated Inflatable Penile Prostheses Decrease the Incidence of Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: This systematic review was done to compare the effectiveness of infection retardant coated inflatable penile prostheses vs noncoated devices.Materials and Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed® and Galileo® to identify all relevant case studies. The postoperative infection incidence rate was compared for coated and noncoated inflatable penile prostheses to determine whether coating the implant affects the rate of surgical implant infection.Results: Included in analysis were 14 clinical case studies in a total of 9,910 patients with a first time implant, including 5,214 inflatable penile prostheses without an infection retardant coating and 4,696 coated inflatable penile prostheses impregnated with minocycline/rifampin (3,158), rifampin/gentamycin immersion (181), vancomycin/gentamycin immersion (181) and a hydrophilic coating only (1,176). For noncoated vs coated prostheses the infection rate was 2.32% vs 0.89% (p <0.01), including 0.63%, 0.55%, 4.42% and 1.11% for minocycline/rifampin, rifa...
Legal and accounting issues of manipulating the timing of stock option grants

Purpose – Many corporate managers, with the aid of the board of directors, discovered that they could provide themselves with guaranteed or excessive compensation by manipulating the terms of stock option grants that were included in their compensation packages. This paper seeks to examine the legal, tax, and accounting issues that have evolved because of these suspect illegal activities.Design/methodology/approach – The author presents the theory behind performance‐based compensation that is the basis for employee stock option grants. The author then examines regulations, judicial theory, and court cases to determine the current legal status of backdating, spring loading, or bullet dodging of executive stock option grants.Findings – The current legal environment has made it difficult for executives to continue the practice of manipulating stock option grants without falling under the ire of regulators and shareholders. However, a question remains whether executives that manipulated stock option grants in...
Improving the Lives of Children and Their Families—Integrating Clinical Research Into Everyday Pediatric Nursing Practice

Gaining new insights and a better understanding of the health-related experiences of child r en and the i r families through research provides the foundation for the development of new intervention strategies to improve the quality of pediatric nursing care. INTEGRATING EVIDENCE FROM clinical research into pediatric nursing practice provides a method for improving the quality of pediatric nursing care, thereby improving the everyday lives of children and their families. The purpose of clinical nursing research is to generate and develop nursing knowledge providing evidence to guide nursing practice (Polit and Beck, 2012). Thus, it is essential for pediatric nurses to discover the power of research for improving the quality of care for children and their families by integrating new evidence into pediatric nursing practice (Christian, 2010a). Evidence is synthesized from clinical research providing foundational knowledge development for the advancement of pediatric nursing practice (Christian, 2012a). By translating evidence into pediatric nursing practice, the health of children and families is improved through better quality of nursing care (Hockenberry and Wilson, 2011). Therefore, translating clinical research and integrating evidence into everyday clinical practice result in improved quality of pediatric nursing care, as well as improved quality of life for children and their families (Christian, 2012b, 2012c). Moreover, research designed to evaluate knowledge gained from educational interventions for children, parents, and their families improves pediatric nurses' understanding of how children and their parents experience health and illness, cope with and adapt to chronic conditions, manage the everyday challenges of caregiving, and access the healthcare system to achieve the best quality of care for their children (Christian, 2010a, 2010b, 2011a, 2011b). In turn, this new evidence leads to the development of innovative pediatric nursing care practices that not only
Health for All: The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Older Adult Project

In this article the author discusses a project called the LGBT Older Adult Project, which is a joint initiative of Monmouth University’s Schools of Social Work and the School of Nursing and Health Studies which aims to educate people about the needs of older LGBT people and advocates for older LGBT people. In the article he offers his opinions on the care of older LGBT people and on his drawing titled "Health Mandela".
The effect of interelectrode spacing on field emission in nanodiamond lateral vacuum devices

Abstract Nitrogen-incorporated nanocrystalline diamond, offering a high field enhancement factor (β), has been applied in the development of monolithic lateral emitter diodes. The dependence of the emission current on the interelectrode spacing in the device structure has been investigated. Three batch-fabricated devices, incorporating a 125-fingered nanodiamond lateral emitter array, with different interelectrode spacings of 4 μm, 7 μm and 10.5 μm defined by lithography, were characterized for field emission. The effect of changing the anode–cathode gap was observed in the I–V characteristics, with a distinct reduction in the device turn-on and operating voltages with a decrease in the gap, inversely altering the electric field at the emitter fingers. The nanodiamond emitter devices demonstrate the same low turn-on electric field (E) of ∼ 2 V/μm and closely matched I–E characteristics. The scaling behavior of the emission current with the interelectrode spacing can be studied at a given applied electric field. For example, at ∼ 8 V/μm, which corresponds to anode voltages of 85 V, 55 V, and 30 V for the 10.5 μm, 7 μm and 4 μm lateral gap devices respectively, the extracted emission current is 5.1 μA. A strong sensitivity of 10 V µm− 1 observed in the field emission behavior of the nanodiamond lateral device as a function of the cathode-anode distance can be utilized in the development of novel sensors and NEMS, reliably operable in harsh environments of temperature and radiation.
Genetic and biochemical analysis of vesicular traffic in yeast

Secretory, vacuolar and membrane protein transport in yeast occurs by processes that are highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. Recent years have seen a proliferation of approaches to the study of vesicular traffic, and in certain instances key breakthroughs have been achieved through the application of genetic and biochemical methods that are well suited to yeast as an experimental organism. The availability of the genetic approach has led to molecular insights concerning the mechanisms of vesicle biogenesis, targeting and fusion.
PERIOD P-TUPLINGS IN COUPLED MAPS

We study the critical behavior (CB) of all period $p$-tuplings $(p \!=\!2,3,4,\dots)$ in $N$ $(N \!=\! 2,3,4,\dots)$ symmetrically coupled one-dimensional maps. We first investigate the CB for the $N=2$ case of two coupled maps, using a renormalization method. Three (five) kinds of fixed points of the renormalization transformation and their relevant ``coupling eigenvalues'' associated with coupling perturbations are found in the case of even (odd) $p$. We next study the CB for the linear- and nonlinear-coupling cases (a coupling is called linear or nonlinear according to its leading term), and confirm the renormalization results. Both the structure of the critical set (set of the critical points) and the CB vary according as the coupling is linear or nonlinear. Finally, the results of the two coupled maps are extended to many coupled maps with $N \geq 3$, in which the CB depends on the range of coupling.
Broadly tunable continuous-wave diode-pumped Cr4+:YAG laser

Abstract We describe a widely tunable, continuous-wave, room temperature Cr 4+ :YAG laser with direct pumping by two high brightness 4 W InGaAs laser diodes. In a tunable configuration, the output wavelength covered a span of 197 nm (1356–1553 nm) and provided a maximum power of 195 mW. A maximum non-tunable output power of 260 mW was obtained with a 0.6% transmission output coupler (OC) and 6.6 W of incident pump power. Pumping at two different wavelengths, 911 and 968 nm, was investigated.
Right-wing authoritarianism predicts prejudice against “homosexuals” but not “gay men and lesbians”

Abstract Can different social category labels for a single group be associated with different levels of prejudice — specifically, sexual prejudice? Some theorizing, and a pilot study in the present research, suggests that the label “homosexuals” carries more deviance-related connotations than does the label “gay men and lesbians.” Given that right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) correlates positively with prejudice against groups stereotyped as deviant, it was hypothesized that RWA would predict greater prejudice against “homosexuals” than “gay men and lesbians” among heterosexual participants. Two studies supported this hypothesis and demonstrated that the effect was driven by both perceived threats to heterosexuals' values (i.e., symbolic threat; Study 1) and perceived fundamental differences between “homosexuals” and heterosexuals as social categories (i.e., psychological essentialism; Study 2). Implications for the factors that predict social categorization of and prejudice toward sexual minorities are discussed.
Alcohol-induced rosacea flushing blocked by naloxone

We evaluated the roles of endogenous opioid peptides and histamine in the pathophysiology of alcohol-induced facial flushing in rosacea. Non-diabetic patients with rosacea ingested 360 ml of 6% ethanol after receiving either subcutaneous naloxone hydrochloride or oral chloropheniramine maleate. Only pretreatment with naloxone blocked the alcohol-induced rosacea flushing (AIRF), suggesting an active role of endogenous enkephalin and/or endorphin in this vascular reactivity. In this respect, AIRF is similar to chlorpropamide alcohol flushing and menopausal flushing.
Significance of fibrin/fibrinogen related antigen in glomeruli in children with IgA nephropathy.

The relationship between the deposition of fibrin/fibrinogen related antigen (FRA) and morphologic findings in glomeruli was investigated in 59 children with IgA nephropathy. After treatment of renal biopsy sections with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) solution, MCA-insoluble FRA, suggesting cross-linked fibrin, was observed within the capillary walls, the mesangium and/or the sclerotic area in children with severe proliferative lesions, such as segmental sclerosis, capsular adhesions or crescent formation. Mesangial deposits of FRA were confined to electron-dense deposits, and the MCA-soluble FRA did not seem to be closely related to glomerular damage. FRA deposits within crescents may consist of MCA-soluble FRA.
Resistive plate chambers for hadron calorimetry : tests with analog readout.

Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) are being developed for use in a hadron calorimeter with very fine segmentation of the readout. The design of the chambers and various tests with cosmic rays are described. This paper reports on the measurements with multi-bit (or analog) readout of either a single larger or multiple smaller readout pads.
Some deterministic models of concept identification

Abstract It is shown that deterministic models can compete effectively with stochastic models in summarizing concept identification behavior. Three groups of deterministic models are examined. Examination of individual learners' trial by trial behavior in a concept experiment shows: (1) One person exhibited behavior consistent with a Hypothesis Permutation (HP) model despite being a nonlearner who showed no evidence of improvement over a period of 24 trials. However, when all 50 persons studied in each of two treatment groups were examined, only 22 members of one group and 10 of the other showed no inconsistencies with deterministic local consistency assumptions. (2) Certain deterministic computer programs could find at least one satisfactory order for predicting all responses by 18 of the 22 consistent solvers and 6 of the 10 consistent solvers, respectively, in the two groups just mentioned. For these 24 persons, then, a less restrictive deterministic model is adequate than for the others. (3) Those 38 original members of the first treatment group who met a stringent learning criterion were compared with respect to predictions generated by stochastic and mathematized deterministic models. One deterministic model (RSS-U 9-state) is in some respects the best of the models examined, but this success is a partial reflection of estimating eight parameters from the data.
Socially-Oriented Ventures and Traditional Entrepreneurship Education Models: A Case Review

As an academic area of study, entrepreneurship has become institutionalized and now includes students from a diverse range of disciplinary fields (M. M. Mars, 2006, 2007). Consequently, students' range of entrepreneurial interests has also become more diverse in scope and nature. Specifically, more students studying entrepreneurship are expressing interest in socially-oriented ventures, which challenge the established instructional methods and strategies that faculty have used in teaching entrepreneurship courses. The present article outlines such challenges that a professor faces in teaching a venture finance course that includes entrepreneurship students pursuing a socially-oriented venture as part of a year-long experiential project. The authors also provide 2 complementary cases to more adequately frame recommendations for practice.
An instrument for constant-pressure tonography.

Abstract A new instrument has been evaluated for performing constant-pressure tonography. The sensor probe, controlled by an electronic servo system, applanates the cornea with sufficient force to maintain a constant intraocular pressure. The rising applied force during the course of the measurement is recorded and used for computing the facility of aqueous outflow. The results of the study show that good statistical separation of glaucoma patients from normals is obtained, and that patients find the procedure to be comfortable. Improvements in the instrument are proposed to enhance its clinical acceptability.
Nanocomposite films derived from exfoliated functional aluminosilicate through electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly

Multilayered nanocomposite films were prepared from aluminosilicate platelets with functional chromophores and polyelectrolytes through electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly. Fluorescent dye coumarin was intercalated into the layered aluminosilicate hectorite, and the resulting hectorite/coumarin intercalation complex particles were broken down into individual platelets by means of extensive shaking and sonication of their water suspension. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy data show that the exfoliated platelets have the form of lathes of approximately 10−40 nm width, 150−400 nm length, and 2−3 nm average thickness. This last value is consistent with the overall thickness of a single aluminosilicate lamella sheathed with coumarin molecules on both sides. Given the strong negative surface charge of the aluminosilicate layers, films of nanocomposites could be formed by electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly using a cationic polyelectrolyte. The AFM topography of such films r...
α4 Associates with Protein Phosphatases 2A, 4, and 6

Abstract Protein phosphatases participate in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes. Control of their enzymatic activity and specificity is made possible largely by an array of regulatory subunits. Novel serine/threonine phosphatases—PP4 and PP6 in human cells—have been discovered recently, for which regulatory subunits are yet to be identified. We report here the identification of a potential regulatory subunit of these phosphatases. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have found that α4, a previously identified phosphoprotein, associates constitutively with the catalytic subunits of PP4, PP6, and both isoforms of PP2A. These interactions have been confirmed by direct binding and do not require phosphorylation of α4, although it is unclear whether α4 phosphorylation has any effect on its association with the phosphatases. The binding activity appears to reside in the N-terminal 50 amino acids of the phosphatases, consistent with a previous observation that the first 55 residues of PPV, aDrosophilahomolog of PP6, may harbor the element for regulation. α4 shares 37% sequence homology with Tap42, anS. cerevisiaeprotein that has been reported to associate with PP2A and Sit4 (yeast homolog of PP6) and comprises a regulatory component in the rapamycin-sensitive Tor signalling pathway. By analogy, α4 and its associated phosphatases may participate in the mammalian rapamycin-sensitive pathway mediated by FRAP.
Patterns of care and brachytherapy boost utilization for vaginal cancer in the United States.

Abstract Purpose Vaginal cancer is an uncommon malignancy that is usually treated with definitive radiation therapy. Following external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), a brachytherapy boost is delivered to achieve a total dose of 70-85 Gy. We sought to determine the trends of brachytherapy boost utilization in the treatment of vaginal cancer and to identify the factors associated with its utilization. Methods and materials Using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), we identified 1530 patients with vaginal cancer from 2004 to 2011 who were treated with radiation therapy and had a recorded boost modality. The following additional variables were identified: age, year of diagnosis, Charlson/Deyo comorbidity score, stage, histology, race, brachytherapy dose rate, brachytherapy applicator technique, treatment facility volume, and utilization of chemotherapy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with brachytherapy boost. Results Seventy-seven percent of the 1530 women received brachytherapy boost and 23% received EBRT boost. The rate of brachytherapy boost utilization decreased from 87.7% in 2004 to 68.6% in 2011 ( P P = .02). Multivariate analysis revealed that high facility volume was associated with increased odds of brachytherapy boost (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; range, 1.5-3.4). Higher stage and advanced age were associated with decreased odds of brachytherapy boost (OR, 0.2; range, 0.1-0.3 and OR, 0.5; range, 0.3-0.8). Utilization of chemotherapy, histology, race, and comorbidity index were not significantly associated with brachytherapy boost utilization. Conclusions Using the NCDB, we identified a concerning decline in the utilization of brachytherapy boost for those with vaginal cancer and a corresponding increase in IMRT boost technique. The strongest factor predicting for brachytherapy boost utilization is treatment at a high volume facility.
Apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of aqueous KI, HIO3, NaIO3, and KIO3 at temperatures from 278.15 K to 393.15 K and at the pressure 0.35 MPa

Abstract We determined apparent molar volumes Vϕ at 298.15 ⩽ (T/K) ⩽ 368.15 and apparent molar heat capacities Cp,ϕ at 298.15 ⩽ (T/K) ⩽ 393.15 for aqueous solutions of HIO3 at molalities m from (0.015 to 1.0) mol · kg−1, and of aqueous KIO3 at molalities m from (0.01 to 0.2) mol · kg−1 at p = 0.35 MPa. We also determined Vϕ at the same p and at 298.15 ⩽ (T/K) ⩽ 368.15 for aqueous solutions of KI at m from (0.015 to 7.5) mol · kg−1. We determined Cp,ϕ at the same p and at 298.15 ⩽ (T/K) ⩽ 393.15 for aqueous solutions of KI at m from (0.015 to 5.5) mol · kg−1, and for aqueous solutions of NaIO3 at m from (0.02 to 0.15) mol · kg−1. Values of Vϕ were determined from densities measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter, and values of Cp,ϕ were determined with a twin fixed-cell, differential temperature-scanning calorimeter. Empirical functions of m and T were fitted to our results for each compound. Values of Ka, ΔrHm, and ΔrCp,m for the proton ionization reaction of aqueous HIO3 are calculated and discussed.
A host–guest complex between a metal–organic cyclotriveratrylene analog and a polyoxometalate: [Cu6(4,7-phenanthroline)8(MeCN)4]2PM12O40(M = Mo or W)

The synthesis and crystal structure of Cu6(4,7-phenanthroline)8(MeCN)46+ a novel Cu(I)-molecular hexamer is described in which the metal cations and phenanthroline molecules self-assemble into a dimer of shallow triangular-shaped bowls, within which are located large spherical polyoxometalate anions PM12O403− (M = Mo or W).
Hypertensive response with exercise does not increase the prevalence of abnormal Tc-99m SPECT Stress Perfusion Images

Background Systemic hypertension and an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response with exercise have been associated with ‘false-positive' findings on stress electrocardiography and echocardiography; however, limited data is available for stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an exaggerated elevation in BP with exercise is associated with an increased prevalence of abnormal MPI. Methods BP responses to exercise were assessed in a cohort of 7,205 patients who underwent stress testing with technetium 99m-SPECT MPI (7/1999-6/2005) for the evaluation of chest pain or dyspnea. Results A hypertensive response, defined as a peak systolic BP≥220 mmHg, occurred in 355 (4.9%) and was not associated with higher rates of ischemic ECG changes (16.1 versus 16.6%; P = .7), differences in Duke treadmill scores (4.7 ± 4 versus 5.1 ± 5; P = .3) or an increased prevalence of abnormal perfusion images (30.1% versus 32.9%; P = .3) to those without a hypertensive exercise response. Patients with a hypertensive response and either intermediate or high-risk MPI (on the basis of summed-difference-scores) referred for coronary angiography, had a high prevalence of coronary artery disease which was similar to those without a hypertensive response (88% versus 83%; P = .5). In an analysis of a community-based patient subset, a hypertensive response was not associated with a difference in either all-cause mortality or subsequent myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or cardiac death (8% versus 9%; P = .7). Conclusion A hypertensive BP response to exercise is not associated with increased rates of ischemic ECG changes, higher-risk Duke treadmill scores, greater degrees of abnormal MPI or worse clinical outcome.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. V. Results of radiotherapy.

Four hundred and five patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, referred between 1960 and 1971, were carefully evaluated for extent of disease prior to therapy. Tumors were histologically classified according to the criteria of Rappaport et al and patients staged by the criteria of the Ann Arbor Conference. Of 234 patients, Stages I-IIIE, 215 received initial radiotherapy, 91% with a curative intent. Follow-up time ranged from 1–12 years. Calculations were made of actuarial survival and disease-free-survival for each group of patients according to initial stage, histologic type of lymphoma, and type of radiotherapy. Patients with diffuse histiocytic (DH) lymphoma exhibited a 65% probability of tumor relapse during the first year of follow-up in contrast to the 19% probability for comparably staged patients with nodular mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic (NM) and nodular lymphocytic poorly differentiated (NLPD) lymphomas. Patients with diffuse mixed (DM), diffuse lymphocytic (DLPD), and nodular histiocytic (NH) lymphomas exhibited an intermediate risk of relapse during the first year (39-45%). Patients with NM and NLPD manifested a pattern of continued late relapse whereas those with DH lymphoma seldom experienced new evidence of tumor after the first year of disease-free observation. Patients with localized extralymphatic lymphoma (IE, IIE, IIIE) demonstrated patterns of clinical behavior following radiotherapy similar to those observed in patients whose lymphomas were confined to lymphatic tissue (I, II, III). The data offer strong support for the continued use of the Rappaport et al. histologic classification and the Ann Arbor clinical staging system in the radiotherapeutic managemement of patients with the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
High pressure elastic anisotropy of MgSiO3 perovskite and geophysical implications

Using plane wave pseudopotential method within the local density approximation (LDA), we calculate single-crystal elastic constants (cij) of orthorhombic MgSiO3 perovskite, generally accepted to be the major component of the lower mantle, as a function of pressure up to 150 GPa. Our results are in excellent agreement with experimental data at zero pressure and compare favorably with other pseudopotential predictions over the pressure regime studied. Here we use our elastic constants to calculate anisotropy of seismic wave velocities as a function of pressure (depth). MgSiO3 perovskite is shown to be highly anisotropic in all portions of the lower mantle and the nature of anisotropy changes significantly with depth. The absence of significant seismic anisotropy in most of the lower mantle suggests that MgSiO3 perovskite assumes nearly random orientation in most of this region. Anisotropy at the topmost lower mantle suggested by some studies can be attributed to the preferred orientation of perovskite. However, anisotropy in the D″ layer is difficult to be attributed to preferred orientation of perovskite. Some other mechanisms including the presence of the aligned melt pockets and/or lattice preferred orientation of magnesiowustite are needed.
Silicon photodiode detection of bismuth germanate scintillation light

Abstract Silicon photodiodes have been used for the readout of bismuth germanate crystals (BGO), with the eventual achievement of a noise-limited resolution of 325 keV (standard deviation),referred to energy deposition in the crystal. Between 1000 and 1400 electron-hole pairs are produced per MeV of energy deposition in the BGO, depending upon sample and geometry. The study has focused on noise limitations in the photodiode/amplifier combination. With the cooperation of the manufacturer an internal series resistance in the photodiode was virtually eliminated, resulting in dramatic noise reduction.
Visualizing nodal heavy fermion superconductivity in CeCoIn5

By means of low-temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, a heavy fermion material in its superconducting and mixed states can be imaged. Besides probing the superconducting gap symmetry, the measurements also reveal a pseudogap.