cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in Tonsil B Cell Phenotypes and EBV Receptor Expression in Children Under 5-Years-Old.

Background Palatine tonsils are principally B cell organs that are the initial line of defense against many oral pathogens, as well as the site of infection for others. While the size of palatine tonsils changes greatly in the first five years of life, the cellular changes during this period are not well studied. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a common orally transmitted virus that infects tonsillar B cells. Naive B cells are thought to be the target of primary infection with EBV in vivo, suggesting that they are targeted by the virus. EBV enters B cells through CD21, but studies of older children and adults have not shown differences in surface CD21 between naive B cells and other tonsil B cell populations. Methods In this study, we used an 11-color flow cytometry panel to detail the changes in B cell subpopulations in human tonsils over the first five years of life from 33 healthy US children. Results We provide reference ranges for tonsil B cell subpopulations over this age range. We show that the frequency of naive tonsil B cells decreases over the early years of life, and that naive B cells expressed higher surface levels of CD21 relative to other tonsil B cell populations. Conclusions We show that young children have a higher frequency of naive tonsil B cells, and importantly that these cells express increased surface EBV receptor, suggesting that young children have a larger pool of cells that can be infected by the virus. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Evaluation of data-driven models for predicting solar photovoltaics power output

Abstract This research was undertaken to evaluate different inverse models for predicting power output of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under different practical scenarios. In particular, we have investigated whether PV power output prediction accuracy can be improved if module/cell temperature was measured in addition to climatic variables, and also the extent to which prediction accuracy degrades if solar irradiation is not measured on the plane of array but only on a horizontal surface. We have also investigated the significance of different independent or regressor variables, such as wind velocity and incident angle modifier in predicting PV power output and cell temperature. We found wind velocity and module temperature measurements are too unreliable for use in inverse solar PV models. The inverse regression model forms have been evaluated both in terms of their goodness-of-fit, and their accuracy and robustness in terms of their predictive performance. Given the accuracy of the measurements, expected CV-RMSE of hourly power output prediction over the year varies between 3.2% and 8.6% when only climatic data are used. Depending on what type of measured climatic and PV performance data is available, different scenarios have been identified and the appropriate modeling pathways have been proposed. These models are to be implemented on a controller platform for optimum operational planning of microgrids and integrated energy systems.
Afterword: Working in an Ecotone

An ecotone is a transitional space that marks a shift from one ecosystem to another. In the Afterword, Stormer uses the concept of ecotone to describe how rhetoric and ecology coexist in varying degrees of transition, each fading into the other, across the authors’ chapters. He argues that the ontological blending and separation of rhetoric and ecology should be accounted for stochastically and emergently. To appreciate the mutual immanence of rhetoric and ecology, he suggests looking to the convergence of communities of scholars from rhetoric and ecology around shared problems, or to the manner by which active elements of a milieu are both interdependent and expressive.
Pediatric Sepsis: Challenges and Adjunctive Therapies

Sepsis remains an important challenge in pediatric critical care medicine. The current review intends to provide an appraisal of adjunctive therapies for sepsis and to highlight opportunities for meeting selected challenges in the field. Future clinical studies should address long-term and functional outcomes, as well as acute outcomes. Potential adjunctive therapies such as corticosteroids, hemofiltration, hemoadsorption, and plasmapheresis may have important roles, but still require formal and more rigorous testing by way of clinical trials. Finally, the design of future clinical trials should consider novel approaches for stratifying outcome risks as a means of improving the risk to benefit ratio of experimental therapies.
Strategic Product Line Choice under Asymmetric Demand Structure

We examine strategic product line choices of manufacturers in a stylised duopoly model where products have asymmetric and interdependent market conditions. We characterise the optimal product line decisions and show that manufacturers always prefer to have head-to-head competition (and never segment markets) when product line setup cost is small relative to profitability of the products. When setup costs are high, symmetric manufacturers may prefer to have asymmetric product lines or market segmentation. We show that high setup costs lead to the market segmentation outcome only if there is no significant market size difference and the level of product substitutability is moderate.
Gut-derived Serotonin and Bone Formation

Adding to the ever-growing list of molecules involved in regulating bone remodeling, gut-derived serotonin was recently shown to specifically control the bone formation side of this process. Indeed, mice deficient in tryptophan hydroxylase 1, the rate-limiting enzyme controlling serotonin production by gut cells, have a high bone mass phenotype caused solely by increased osteoblast proliferation. Furthermore, when treated with a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor able to specifically decrease gut-derived serotonin synthesis, mice and rats display an increase in bone formation that is sufficient to counterbalance the bone loss induced by ovariectomy in long bones as well as in vertebrae. Importantly, high and low levels of circulating serotonin have also been correlated with, respectively, decreased and increased bone mass in humans. These findings raise the prospect that pharmacologically manipulating gut-derived serotonin production could become a novel strategy to treat bone loss disorders such as osteoporosis through an anabolic approach.
Technological Innovation and Its Impact on Public Sector Efficiency and Performance: Aerial Imagery in Property Tax Assessment Administration

Technological innovations can help public organizations deliver higher quality public goods and services at lower average costs. While a considerable literature exploring the determinants of techno...
Adherence to Oral Anticancer Medications After Implementation of an Ambulatory Adherence Program at a Large Urban Academic Hospital.

PURPOSE:Oral anticancer medications (OAMs) offer convenient administration, reducing the burden of cancer treatment, but create challenges for patients and practitioners. Using data from the Qualit...
COVID-19 and the Acceleration of Digital Transformation and the Future of Work

The restrictions introduced by COVID-19 forced firms to adapt to a technology-intensive operational model. These digital transformations involved deliberations among stakeholders to adjust strategy...
Real-world efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ubrogepant

OBJECTIVE To assess the real-world efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ubrogepant in a tertiary headache center. BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of migraine were established in phase 3 randomized controlled trials. However, there is no real-world data of patient experience with ubrogepant in a population in which the majority of patients have chronic migraine, multiple prior unsuccessful treatments, complex medical comorbidities, and concurrent use of other migraine-specific medications. METHOD This was a post-market cohort study conducted at Mayo Clinic Arizona. All patients prescribed ubrogepant were tracked and contacted 1-3 months after the prescription to answer a list of standardized questions. Demographic information and additional headache history were obtained from chart review. RESULTS We obtained eligible questionnaire responses from 106 patients. Chronic migraine accounted for 92/106 (86.8%) of the population. Complete headache freedom (from mild/moderate/severe to no pain) and headache relief (from moderate/severe to mild/no pain or mild to no pain) for ≥75% of all treated attacks at 2 hours after taking ubrogepant were achieved in 20/105 (19.0%) and 50/105 (47.6%) patients, respectively. A total of 33/106 (31.1%) patients reported being "very satisfied" with ubrogepant. Adverse events were reported in 42/106 (39.6%) patients, including fatigue in 29/106 (27.4%), dry mouth in 8/106 (7.5%), nausea/vomiting in 7/106 (6.6%), constipation in 5/106 (4.7%), dizziness in 3/106 (2.8%), and other adverse events in 7/106 (6.6%). Predictive factors for being a "good responder" to ubrogepant, defined as headache relief for ≥75% of all treated attacks at 2 hours after taking ubrogepant, included migraine with aura, episodic migraine, <5 prior unsuccessful preventive or acute treatment trials. Additionally, prior treatment responses to a CGRP monoclonal antibody and onabotulinumtoxinA injections are predictive of treatment responses and patient satisfaction to ubrogepant. For the 62/106 (58.5%) patients concurrently using a CGRP monoclonal antibody, there was no difference in the "good responder" rate or adverse event rate compared to those who were not on a CGRP monoclonal antibody, though the rate of moderate, as opposed to mild adverse events was higher, 11/62 (47.8%) versus 3/44 (17.6%), p = 0.048. Additionally, 16 patients had a history of significant cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. No severe adverse events were reported in any patient. CONCLUSION Our study confirms and extends the efficacy profile and tolerability of ubrogepant in a real-world tertiary headache clinic and identifies factors that may predict efficacy. Adverse event rates were higher than reported in clinical trials. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ubrogepant.
Design of Slotted RMPA Using Defected Ground Structure for Mobile Applications

This paper reports novel design of compact, low cost, multi frequency, light weight mobile antennas with DGS structures for optimization and normalization in Bluetooth, Wi- Fi, GSM1900, WLAN bands are proposed. Due to integration of DGS shape in reference slotted RMPA tremendous improvements of antenna characteristics are achieved. The proposed mobile antenna 1 shows two important band of wireless communication 1800-2300 MHz , 3475-6000 MHz and proposed mobile antenna 2 shows three important band of wireless communication1880-2198 MHz, 2372-2500MHz and 3800-5800 MHz instead of only one band (2412-2448 MHz) shown in reference slotted RMPA antenna. Both the proposed antennas are designed using HFSS software and fabricated using lithography technique. Measured results are taken that are in close agreement with simulated results.
Why does this matter? The value of intersectionality

In this commentary, I explore and elaborate on themes in Maggie Renken, Jessica Scott, Patrick Enderle, and Scott Cohen’s (this issue) manuscript ““It’s not a deaf thing, it’s not a black thing; it’s a deaf black thing”: A study of the intersection of adolescents’ deaf, race, and STEM identities.” Using my own research and experiences, I present a case on the importance of working with students with low-incidence disabilities and how scholarship focused on related student groups can inform and illuminate problems of practice in an underexplored research area. Additionally, I posit that using a lens of intersectionality can help address issues of educational inequality experienced by multiple communities. I conclude with a consideration of how Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (Maslow, Psychol Rev 50:370–396, 1943) must be considered before addressing students’ STEM identities.
Civil Rights Restoration and Recidivism

When a person is convicted of a felony offense, they lose the right to vote, the candidacy to sit on a jury, the ability to hold public office, and the right to own firearms. In addition, civil rights revocation also denies the eligibility of certain occupational licenses and state-funded scholarships. It is unknown, a priori, if civil right status influences labor market outcomes, voting behavior, or educational attainment, any of which may affect incentives for convicted felons to re-offend. As an aggregate measure of these channels, I analyze the casual link between civil rights restoration and rates of recidivism. To establish this relationship, this paper uses variation in the Rules of Executive Clemency, which affect an ex-felons’ ability to restore their civil rights. I find that restoring an individual’s civil rights reduces their probability to recidivate by 18 percentage points, which translates to a reduction in the overall recidivism rates by 1 percentage point.
Medical Adrenalectomy for Treatment of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma

Approximately one-third of unselected patients with metastatic breast carcinoma experience objective tumor regression when treated with standard surgical ablative procedures such as hypophysectomy, adrenalectomy, or ovariectomy.(1–8) By preselection of women with estrogen-receptor-positive tumors for these procedures, two thirds can be expected to respond objectively.(9) However, the appreciable morbidity and significant mortality associated with the major surgical ablative therapies, particularly in debilitated patients, has limited their use to highly selected patients with widely metastatic disease.(1, 3, 10) For these reasons, major investigative efforts have attempted to develop chemical methods to reduce hormone secretion or block hormone action as possible alternatives to surgical ablative techniques. The term usually utilized for techniques that attempt to suppress adrenal function in lieu of adrenalectomy is “medical adrenalectomy.” In a strict sense, this term can only be validly applied to regimens that produce an identical hormonal milieu to that resulting from surgical adrenalectomy. This criterion has not been fulfilled for any of the regimens developed for medical adrenalectomy; consequently, for the purposes of this review, the term “medical adrenalectomy” is applied to those therapies whose rationale is the suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis.
Structural determination of glycopeptidolipids of Mycobacterium smegmatis by high‐resolution multiple‐stage linear ion‐trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization

Glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) are abundant in the cell walls of different species of mycobacteria and consist of tripeptide-amino-alcohol core of D-Phe-D-allo-Thr-D-Ala-L-alaninol linked to 3-hydroxy or 3-methoxy C(26-34) fatty acyl chain at the N-terminal of D-Phe via amide linkage, and a 6-deoxytalose (6-dTal) and an O-methyl rhamnose residues, respectively, attach to D-allo-Thr and the terminal L-alaninol. They are important cell-surface antigens that are implicated in the pathogenesis of opportunistic mycobacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex. In this contribution, we described multiple-stage linear ion trap in conjunction with high-resolution mass spectrometry towards structural characterization of complex GPLs as [M + Na](+) ions isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis, a fast-growing and non-pathogenic mycobacterial species. Following resonance excitation in an ion trap, MS(n) spectra of the [M + Na](+) ions of GPLs contained mainly b and y series ions that readily determine the peptide sequence. Fragment ions from MS(n) also afford locating the 6-dTal and O-methyl rhamnose residues linked to the D-allo-Thr and terminal L-alaninol of the peptide core, respectively, as well as recognizing the modifications of the glycosides, including their acetylation and methylation states and the presence of succinyl group. The GPL families consisting of 3-hydroxy fatty acyl and of 3-methoxy fatty acyl substituents are readily distinguishable. The MS profiles of the GPLs from cells are dependant on the conditions they were grown, and several isobaric isomers were identified for many of the molecular species. These multiple-stage mass spectrometric approaches give detailed structures of GPL in complex mixtures of which the isomeric structures are difficult to define using other analytical methods.
Sexual Harassment Law after Oncale, Ellerth, Faragher and Kolstad: What's an Employer to Do?

This paper presents the background and the developing law of sexual harassment of the past thirty years. As women entered the workforce, propelled by the civil rights movement and economic factors, they began jobs that heretofore were the province of men and the first harassment cases appeared. The authors surveys the initiatives of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and case law which holds employers responsible for sexual harassment under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to the extent that employers knew of the harassment and failed to act on it, or even when the general work environment was hostile to a reasonable women in that employment setting. The cases clearly put employers on notice of liability including punitive damages, and the author details best practices to avoid claims of workplace sexual harassment.
The Geometry of Rewriting Systems: A Proof of the Anick-Groves-Squier Theorem

Let G be a group or monoid which is presented by means of a complete rewriting system. Then one can use the resulting normal forms to collapse the classifying space of G down to a quotient complex (typically “small”) of the same homotopy type. If the rewriting system is finite, then the quotient complex has only finitely many cells in each dimension. The proof yields an explicit free resolution of Z over Z G, similar to resolutions obtained by Anick, Groves, and Squier.
Genetic Diversity of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Opportunities for Precision Medicine

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) have a poor prognosis despite new treatments; approximately 7% survive for 5 years. Although there have been advances in systemic, primarily cytotoxic, therapies, it has been a challenge to treat patients with PDA using targeted therapies. Sequence analyses have provided a wealth of information about the genetic features of PDA and have identified potential therapeutic targets. Preclinical and early-phase clinical studies have found specific pathways could be rationally targeted; it might also be possible to take advantage of the genetic diversity of PDAs to develop therapeutic agents. The genetic diversity and instability of PDA cells have long been thought of as obstacles to treatment, but are now considered exploitable features. We review the latest findings in pancreatic cancer genetics and the promise of targeted approaches in PDA therapy.
The Einstein/CFA Stellar Survey: Overview of the Data and Interpretation of Results

We present results from an extensive survey of stellar X-ray emission, using the EINSTEIN Observatory. Over 140 stars have been detected to date, throughout the H-R diagram, thus showing that soft X-ray emission is the norm rather than the exception for stars in general. This finding is strongly at odds with pre-EINSTEIN expectations based on standard acoustic theories of coronal heating. We present typical examples of stellar X-ray detections and provide an overview of the survey data. In combination with recent results from solar X-ray observations, the new EINSTEIN data argue for the general applicability of magnetic field-related coronal heating mechanisms.
Patient selection criteria for the treatment of brain metastases with stereotactic radiosurgery

In this study we evaluate prognostic factors that predict local-regional control and survival following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in patients with brain metastasis and establish guidelines for patient selection. Our evaluation is based on 73 patients with brain metastasis treated with SRS at the University of Minnesota between March 1991 and November 1995. The ability of stereotactic radiosurgery to improve local control in patients with brain metastases is confirmed in our study in which only 6 of 62 patients failed locally after SRS, with an actuarial local progression-free survival of 80% at 2 years. Variables that predicted worse prognosis were larger tumor size (p=0.05) for local progression-free survival and multiplicity of metastasis (p=0.03) and infratentiorial location of metastases (p=0.006) for regional progression-free survival. Absence of extracranial disease, KPS ≥ 70, and single intracranial metastasis were significant predictors of longer survival. Patients who fulfill all three criteria will survive longer after SRS (MS=17.7 months) and will most likely benefit from the increase local control in the brain achieved by SRS. Survival in patients who do not meet any of these criteria is very poor (MS=1.5 months), and these patients are less likely to benefit from this treatment. Careful selection of patients for SRS is warranted.
A theory of context in discrimination learning

Publisher Summary Discrimination learning is a fundamental concept in psychology. At an initial stage in any theoretical analysis of discrimination learning, two fundamental issues arise, namely, the subjects learned when an organism masters a discrimination, and how the stimulus situation should be described. Both of these issues provoke a number of related issues, answers to which represent key choice points in theory construction. This chapter briefly reviews current discrimination-learning theories in light of these two issues, with the aim of demonstrating an important weakness in them. A new theory is presented to address these weaknesses and drawing on concepts from research on memory, processes are presented and their predictions assessed. Finally, some modifications of the theory designed to account for phenomena from research on selective attention in learning is developed and evaluated. The context model presented in the chapter succeeds in predicting performance in various problem formats without altering any basic assumptions, and with the addition of assumptions concerning attention, corresponds very well with data on selective learning.
Portal hypertension, congestive splenomegaly, and portacaval shunt.

Summary Data on 8 patients with portal hypertension and secondary "hypersplenism" are presented. Portacaval shunts resulted in correction of the "hypersplenism" in all 8 of these patients. This relief was permanent in 4, but only temporary in 2. The follow-up was too short for definitive assessment of the results in the remaining 2 patients. The relationship between the hematologic changes in "hypersplenism" and splenic "stasis" is discussed and it is suggested that this relationship may hold for all formed elements of the blood. The disadvantages of splenectomy are listed. It is concluded that an effective portacaval shunt is the treatment of choice in these patients.
The Involvement of a Class of Cell Surface Glycoconjugates in Pseudoplasmodial Morphogenesis in Dictyostelium discoideum

Pseudoplasmodia of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum were mechanically dissociated into cells and treated with the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, or an antipseudoplasmodial cell antibody. Morphogenesis of the agglutinates and cell differentiation were reversibly interrupted by binding of these proteins to the cell surface. This demonstrates that one or more wheat germ agglutinin receptors and the pseudoplasmodial antigen on the cell surface of these cells play a critical role in development after aggregation.
Issues in environmentally conscious manufacturing and product recovery: a survey

Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery (ECMPRO) has become an obligation to the environment and to the society itself, enforced primarily by governmental regulations and customer perspective on environmental issues. This is mainly driven by the escalating deterioration of the environment, e.g. diminishing raw material resources, overflowing waste sites and increasing levels of pollution. ECMPRO involves integrating environmental thinking into new product development including design, material selection, manufacturing processes and delivery of the product to the consumers, plus the end-of-life management of the product after its useful life. ECMPRO related issues have found a large following in industry and academia who aim to find solutions to the problems that arise in this newly emerged research area. Problems are widespread including the ones related to life cycle of products, disassembly, material recovery, remanufacturing and pollution prevention. In this paper, we present the development of research in ECMPRO and provide a state-of-the-art survey of published work.
A computer program automating construction of fate maps of Drosophila

Abstract A Fortran-IV computer program, based on the procedure described in this report, for constructing planar or spherical fate maps from pairwise distances between mapped tissues from data on genetic mosaics, is available on request from the author.
Factors associated with current versus lifetime self-injury among high school and college students.

We sought to identify factors associated with current versus lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and factors that show consonant and distinct relationships with current NSSI for adolescents and young adults. Data came from a population-based survey of high school students (n = 9,985) and a national survey of college students (n = 7,801). Among both samples, factors associated with current NSSI included male gender, younger age, greater depressive symptoms, more hopelessness, and being the victim of a verbal or physical assault. For high school students, greater anxiety, and for college students, identifying as non-White, negative perceptions of one's weight, a same-sex sexual experience, and involvement in dating violence also distinguished the groups. FINDINGS suggest that clinical and research assessments of lifetime NSSI might not extend to current behavior, and some differences exist in the factors associated with current behavior between adolescents and young adults. Clinical practice and prevention programming efforts should target certain intrapersonal and interpersonal factors associated with current NSSI among younger students during stressful transition periods in their lives, such as entering high school or college, when they might consider initiating or continuing this behavior. Language: en
Phosphorylation of the α1,2-linked mannosylsaccharide by N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase from fibroblasts occurs at the terminal mannose

Abstract UDP-GlcNAc: Lysosomal enzyme precursor N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase activity from normal fibroblasts was measured using methyl 2-0-(α-D-mannopyranosyl)6-deoxy-6-fluoro-α-D-mannopyranoside and methyl 2-0-(6-deoxy-6-fluoro-α-D-mannopyranosyl)α-D-mannopyranoside as acceptors. The results indicate that the phosphorylation in man α 1→2 man sequence occurs at the C-6 position of the terminal mannose residue.
Long-term follow-up of arrhythmias in pediatric orthotopic heart transplant recipients: incidence and correlation with rejection.

Abstract Background Arrhythmias in adult orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipients are common and have been used as predictors of rejection. Because of the paucity of information in pediatric OHT recipients, the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and correlation of arrhythmias with rejection or with coronary artery disease (CAD) in children. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and 24-hour ambulatory ECGs of patients who underwent OHT from January 1984 to December 1999. We excluded arrhythmias occurring in the first 2 weeks after OHT. Results Sixty-nine patients underwent OHT, received triple-immunosuppression therapy, were discharged home, and have been followed for a mean of 4.7 years (0.3–13 years). Each patient had an average of 10 ECGs and three 24-hour ECGs. Twenty-six patients had 33 arrhythmias: sinus bradycardia ( n = 9), atrial tachycardia ( n = 9), ventricular tachycardia ( n = 3), and Wenckebach periodicity ( n = 6). Sinus bradycardia was treated with theophylline in 8 patients, and 2 required pacemakers. Atrial tachycardias (atrial flutter in 4 patients and atrial ectopic tachycardia in 5) were treated with digoxin, propranolol, or procainamide. Ventricular tachycardia was treated with mexiletine, lidocaine, and amiodarone. There were 65 episodes of rejection, 20 of which were moderate/severe (≥3B). Only Wenckebach was associated with the presence of either rejection or CAD ( p Conclusions We noted clinically significant arrhythmias in 38% of the pediatric OHT recipients. Sinus bradycardia, atrial tachyarrhythmias, and ventricular tachycardia occurred with the same frequency. Only new-onset Wenckebach periodicity was noted in the presence of either CAD or rejection. No arrhythmia was of negative predictive value for rejection or CAD. From this data, we suggest that new-onset Wenckebach prompt evaluation for rejection or CAD.
Carbamazepine-induced acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.

NEPHROTOXICITY has been described as a side effect of many commonly used medications, but it is often difficult to discern if a particular drug is responsible for renal damage which occurs in a patient who is receiving a number of medications. We present a case of acute renal failure which appeared to be related to the onset of therapy with carbamazepine (Tegretol).
The low temperature magnetic susceptibility of (4-nitroquinoline N-oxide)copper(II) chloride

The magnetic susceptibility of Cu(4-nitroquinoline N-oxide)Cl2 was measured in the temperature range 4.2–37.5°K in an attempt to ascertain the presence and nature of magnetic interactions, if any, in the compond. The data can be fitted to the Van Vleck equation for ecxhange coupled copper ions in a bimetallic complex with ⪡g>=2.2 and 2J=135 cm−1, but the data do not unambiguously denote the nature of the magnetism. It is suggested that appropriate structural data be collected before definite conclusions concerning the magnetic state-of-affairs be put forth.
SU‐GG‐J‐31: Analysis of Dosimetric Errors for CBCT Based Dose Calculation for IMRT Head and Neck Treatment

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of inhomogeneity correction and image registration on the dosimetric accuracy if online Cone Beam CT(CBCT) is used for IMRT dose verification of head and neck (H&N) patients. Method and Materials: (1) The dose deviation induced by CBCT artifacts in CT number‐electron density relationship was investigated for ten H&N IMRT plans. To obtain maximum errors associated with inhomogeneity correction, dosimetric parameters for PTV, spinal cord and parotids were calculated with inhomogeneity corrections, and compared with those without inhomogeneity corrections. (2) The effect of image registration on dosimetric error was also examined. Image registrations between CBCT and simulation CT (SimCT) were performed by different planners to transport contoured volumes from SimCT to CBCT.IMRT plans based on SimCT were then applied to CBCT volumes. Deviation of image registration shifted the locations of the CBCT volumes, and its dosimetric impact was quantified. (3) One selected patient with significant shrinkage of tumor mass during treatment was monitored using CBCT, dosimetric parameters were calculated for the anatomy determined by CBCT and the variations were evaluated. Results: Without inhomogeneity corrections, dosimetric errors for PTV coverage (D95) were within 1.5%, and within 3% for cord maximum dose and parotid mean dose. Deviation in image registrations generated dosimetric differences of 3.3% for PTV D95, 2.0% for cord maximum dose and 3.5% for parotid mean dose. Changing anatomy due to tumor shrinkage induced dose variations of 4.3% for PTV coverage, 3.2% for maximum cord dose and 3.2% for mean parotid dose. Conclusion: The dosimetric errors generated from both CBCT artifacts in inhomogeneity correction and inaccuracy of image registration were of the same magnitude with dose variations caused by patient's changing anatomy. Both accurate CT number — electron density calibration for CBCT and image registration will be necessary for reliable dose calculation using CBCT.
Interface agents as social models: the impact of appearance on females' attitude toward engineering

This experimental study investigated the impact of interface agent appearance (age, gender, "coolness") on enhancing undergraduate females' attitudes toward engineering. Results revealed that participants reported more positive stereotypes of engineers after interacting with a female agent. In contrast, participants interacting with a male agent reported that engineering was more useful and engaging. An interaction of "coolness" and age indicated that agents who were young and "cool" (i.e., peer-like; similar to participants) and agents who were old and "uncool" (stereotypical engineers) were both most effective on enhancing self-efficacy toward engineering.
Lateral heterogeneity in lithospheric structure in SE Tibet

DOI = 10.3126/hjs.v5i7.1284 Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.5(7) (Special Issue) 2008 p.90
Influence of Selective Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase A or B on Striatal Metabolism of l‐DOPA in Hemiparkinsonian Rats

The effect of selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) subtypes A and B on striatal metabolism of DOPA to dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid; HVA) was studied in halothane-anesthetized rats 3 weeks after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra. Implantation of bilateral microdialysis probes allowed simultaneous quantitation of metabolite production on lesioned and control sides. The DOPA was administered as a 15-min bolus of 1 mM solution in the striatal microdialysate. Rats were pretreated with the selective MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline, or the selective MAO-B inhibitors deprenyl or TVP-101 [2,3-dihydro-N-2-propynyl-1H-inden-1-amine-(1R)-hydrochloride]. Intrastriatal infusion of DOPA caused an increased efflux of DA, DOPAC, and HVA, which was greater on the intact side. Clorgyline, but not deprenyl or TVP-101, increased post-DOPA DA efflux on both intact and lesioned sides. Clorgyline also caused a marked suppression of post-DOPA DOPAC and HVA effluxes, whereas only mild effects were produced by the MAO-B inhibitors. There was no evidence for a differential effect of MAO-B inhibition on efflux of DA or metabolites in the lesioned as compared with the control striatum. The results indicate a major role for MAO-A in DA metabolism both intra- and extraneuronally in the rat striatum.
Two Arguments against Realism

Over the last 20 years or so, Hilary Putnam has developed a series of arguments which use basic theorems of model theory to undermine semantic realism. Here, I discuss two generalizations of these arguments. The rst employs some new forms of model theory to generate substantially stronger conclusions than Putnam’s original arguments generated. The second illustrates a method for replacing the model theory in Putnam’s arguments with results from other branches of science|in particular, with results from astronomy. Now, I should say at the outset that neither of these new arguments is supposed to be persuasive: each of them fails, and fails rather badly, when regarded as a serious objection to realism. Nevertheless, the arguments serve three purposes. First, the parallels between my new arguments and Putnam’s original arguments help to highlight what’s really going on in the latter, and the obvious aws in my arguments help to isolate the corresponding aws in Putnam’s arguments. Second, these new arguments expose the inadequacy of several recent defenses of Putnam. (Very roughly, I argue that if these defenses saved Putnam’s arguments, then they would save my arguments as well. But, my arguments are unsalvageable. So, the defenses don’t save Putnam.) Finally, the arguments present a new challenge to Putnam and his defenders: to provide a formulation of the model-theoretic argument which makes that argument seem compelling without doing the same for mine.
Evidence-based geriatric psychiatry.

In 2003, the President s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health directed clinicians and systems to adopt evidence-based practices across the life span as one of the most important steps to fixing a mental health system judged to be ‘‘in shambles.’’ Previous issues of the Psychiatric Clinics of North America have been dedicated to describing the practice of evidencebased psychiatry for children and adults. To date, however, the field of geriatric psychiatry has been neglected in initiatives aimed at identifying and implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs). Skeptics have suggested that evidence for effective geriatric mental health practices is sparse, and recommendations for an initiative to implement EBPs for older adults is premature. Like many opinions voiced by experts, this is a testable hypothesis that can be addressed by a critical appraisal of the empirical evidence. In this issue of the Psychiatric Clinics of North America, the contributing authors have asked and answered the question, ‘‘Is there a substantial evidence base supporting effective practices and programs for mental health disorders affecting older adults?’’ This issue takes the first step toward improving mental health services for older adults by providing a critical overview of geriatric EBPs. We begin with a general overview that provides working definitions of evidence-based medicine and evidence-based practices and describes principles used in evaluating scientific evidence. We also justify the need for a treatment literature that is specific to older adults and provide an overview of the practice of evidence-based geriatric psychiatry. Next, systematic reviews evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for a variety of mental health disorders. First, Stephen J. Bartels, MD, MS
Interpretation of infrared modulation spectroscopy data in graphite by the Slonczewski-Weiss- McClure band model

Recently published thermoreflectance data for graphite in the photon energy range $0.6l\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}l1.0$ eV are shown to be consistent with the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure band model using commonly accepted values for the band parameters of this model. These data show ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ to be positive and provide the first direct experimental determination of this parameter, yielding a value of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}=0.025$ eV.
A genetic algorithm for a single product network design model with lead time and safety stock considerations

We consider a two-stage supply chain with a production facility that replenishes a single product at retailers. The objective is to locate distribution centers in the network such that the sum of facility location, pipeline inventory, and safety stock costs is minimized. We explicitly model the relationship between the flows in the network, lead times, and safety stock levels. We use genetic algorithms to solve the model and compare their performance to that of a Lagrangian heuristic developed in earlier work. A novel chromosome representation that combines binary vectors with random keys provides solutions of similar quality to those from the Lagrangian heuristic. The model is then extended to incorporate arbitrary demand variance at the retailers. This modification destroys the structure upon which the Lagrangian heuristic is based, but is easily incorporated into the genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm yields significantly better solutions than a greedy heuristic for this modification and has reasonable computational requirements.
Stability of critical points under small perturbations Part I: Topological theory

We study the stability of critical points of a real valued C1 function f on a Finsler-manifold M under small perturbations of f. We give a topological description of certain (possibly degenerate) critical levels of f and show that for a certain class of functions g on M the function f+g has in a prescribed neighbourhood of the critical level of f a set of critical points the category of which is bounded below by an integer given by the topological description of that critical level of f.
The quantum efficiency of vibrationally induced desorption for a monolayer of CO on NaCl(100)

Abstract Vibrationally induced desorption for a monolayer of 13C16O physisorbed on the (100) surfaces of NaCl single crystals has been explored. In contrast to all previous work, a low power cw CO laser was employed to excite continuously the adsorbate for six hours. High-quality vibrational absorption spectra allowed us to monitor the photodesorption using an FTIR spectrometer. However, the desorption process was found to be slow and inefficient. The quantum yield is lower than 10−7 and the desorption lifetime is longer than 102 s. This observation is in qualitative agreement with the prediction of simple vibrational relaxation propensity rules. It is concluded that the vibrationally induced desorption of NaCl (100)···CO (ν= 1) is inefficient because a large total change in quantum numbers must accompany this relaxation channel.
An Estimating Equations Approach for Modelling Kappa

Agreement between raters for binary outcome data is typically assessed using the kappa coefficient. There has been considerable recent work extending logistic regression to provide summary estimates of interrater agreement adjusted for covariates predictive of the marginal probability of classification by each rater. We propose an estimating equations approach which can also be used to identify covariates predictive of kappa. Models may include an arbitrary and variable number of raters per subject and yet do not require any stringent parametric assumptions. Examples used to illustrate this procedure include an investigation of factors affecting agreement between primary and proxy respondents from a case-control study and a study of the effects of gender and zygosity on twin concordance for smoking history.
Cooks Cooking Up Recipes: The Cash Value of Nouns, Verbs and Grammar

In the process of eating, everyone cooks, personally combining ingredients at hand to enhance appetite; but few are called cooks. From this mundane example we can take a new approach to the study of material status. A sociological formula that credits capital as opposed to labor with the source of advantage will obscure the dynamics shaping material status. Drawing on a study of the Hollywood area of Los Angeles, I indicate how, at the lowest and highest levels, people make their material status by innovatively combining what they have, as passively available resources, and what they do in the nature of hourly or task paid labor. The shift of theory from nouns, like labor and capital, to the active and passive verbs, “doing” and “having,” leads to a shift in the search for explanations of status differences. As in cooking, the transformative tricks critical for producing savory results are not simply in the recipes handed down from generation to generation but in those cooked up, in the innovative interactions in relating working for pay and the exploitation of ongoing relations.
The Effect of Chronic Metabolic Acidosis on the End Organ Responsiveness to Parathyroid Hormone in Man

To examine the effect of prolonged metabolicacidosis on the responsiveness of end organs to PTH, we measuredthe changes in serum ionized calcium and the urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus in response to a l0-h infusion of parathyroid extract (PTE) before and after 9 days of metabolic acidosis. During the first hours of PTE infusion, the increases in ionized calcium were slower during acidosis, but the maximal increments in ionized calcium (0.5 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.1 mg/dl, respectively) were not different. Moreover, the PTEinduced increments in the fractional excretion of phosphate during acidosis and the control study were not different. Fractional excretion of calcium before the infusion of PTE was higher in acidosis than in control (3.7 ± 0.3% compared to 0.8 ± 0.3% P < 0.01). However, at 10 h of the infusion, when the maximal effect of PTE was observed, the fractional excretions of calcium in control and acidosis were not significantly different. These data suggest that prolonged metabolic acido...
Identification and utilization of a delayed flowering character in soybeans for short-day conditions

Abstract Two soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm strains, ‘Santa Maria’ and ‘PI 159925’, which are classified in early Maturity Group VIII at Stoneville, Mississippi, are late-flowering under short-day conditions (daylength less than 14 h). A breeding line similar in flowering response to the cultivar Bragg, ‘D72–7842’ was crossed with ‘Santa Maria’. Days to first flowering of F3 lines were evaluated under long-day and short-day conditions. Days to first flowering under long-day conditions could not be used to predict days to first flowering under short-day conditions. Under short-day conditions only nine of 350 lines grown equaled ‘Santa Maria’ in days to first flowering. In a second study, late flowering, agronomically superior lines were selected from the cross ‘Tracy’ × (‘Hill’ × ‘PI 159925’). The late-flowering character can be selected readily in segregating populations grown under short-day conditions. It is anticipated that these late-flowering types will make adequate growth under short-day conditions to permit machine harvest and will not require an extremely long growing season.
Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction response to exercise in aortic regurgitation

To test the hypothesis that left ventricular (LV) performance in aortic regurgitation (AR) can be more completely characterized by measurement of LV volumes in addition to ejection fraction (EF), 27 asymptomatic patients (Group 1), and 22 symptomatic patients (Group 2), and 10 control subjects were studied at rest and during upright bicycle exercise using the first-pass technique and a multicrystal scintillation camera. LV end-diastolic volume was measured by the area-length method. In the control group end-diastolic volume increased 14%, end-systolic volume decreased 22%, and EF increased 22% with exercise. In contrast, in Group 1 patients with AR, end-diastolic volume was elevated at rest and during exercise. The 18% decrease in end-diastolic volume during exercise was significantly different from the control response (p less than 0.01). End-systolic volume was also elevated at rest and during exercise, but the 30% decrease during exercise was a response not significantly different from the control. Although mean EF increased 15% in these patients, EF at peak exercise was significantly lower than that in the controls. In Group 2 patients with AR, resting EF was reduced, the EF response to exercise was abnormal, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volume responses to exercise were significantly different from those in Group 1: end-diastolic volume did not change and end-systolic volume increased. In contrast to the fairly uniform volume responses among all Group 1 patients, there were 2 subgroups based on volume changes within Group 2: 7 of 22 had a decrease in end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume during exercise and 8 of 22 showed an increase in end-diastolic and end-systolic volume during exercise. In conclusion, LV volumes at rest and exercise give more information about LV functional reserve in symptomatic patients with AR than do EF responses alone, and may be useful in separating symptomatic patients who show a normal end-systolic volume response to exercise from those in whom worsening failure develops during exercise.
Financial feasibility of high density oyster culture in saltmarsh ponds with artificially prolonged tidal flows.

Abstract This paper is an economic analysis of an innovative approach to string culture of oysters in Narragansett Bay, R.I. The analysis indicates an internal rate-of-return ranging from 6.8 % to 26.3 % for a larger pond. The internal rate-of-return would be greatly increased if uniform oyster size could be achieved and if the anticipated price premium for quality oysters could be realized.