cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of individual neuro-muscular junctions in myotonia.

Abstract In this study the electrophysiological and anatomical characteristics of human myotonic muscle fibers have been compared with normal controls. The main abnormalities in the myotonic fibers appear to be partial depolarization and spontaneous oscillations in trans-membrane potential. Lacking evidence of the dramatic changes in potassium concentration gradient which would be required to give the observed membrane hyperactivity it has been proposed that a sodium “leak” exists in the diseased fibers studied, causing in most cases a reduction in membrane potential which would favor oscillation under a number of conditions. It is suggested that the fundamental disorder is either inadequate sodium extrusion or an increase in its specific permeability. Evidence is presented to show that pre-synaptic mechanisms, end-plate potentials, sensitivity to transmitter, content of acetylcholinesterase, and excitation-contraction coupling are not abnormal. Histologic examination has disclosed no pre-synaptic morphological changes which might account for the physiological disorder.
Particulate Phase of Cellulose Cigarette Smoke

In order to obtain a general view of the particulate phase of cellulose cigarette smoke without losing some unstable components which are apt to degrade during fractionation procedures, particulate matter was collected on a aerosol filter and analysed either directly or after trimethylsilylation. Ninety nine compounds were either positively or tentatively identified. Of these 99 compounds, acetolformate, 2, 4-pentadien-4-otide, 2-hydroxy-3-ethyl-2-cyclopentenone, 1, 1, 2-trihydroxyethane and methyltrihydroxybenzene were identified for the first time in this study as the components of the cellulose pyrolysate. Semi-quantitative determination of some main components of the particulate phase revealed that levoglucosan was the most abundant followed by 1, 1, 2-trihydroxyethane, glycolic acid, acetol, 5-hydroxy-methyl-2-furaldehyde, etc., in decreasing order.
A study of the spectral response of several Eppley pyranometers

Abstract It is the custom of the Meteorological Service of Canada, the Eppley Laboratory, and the National Weather Service to perform routine calibrations of pyranometers in integrating hemispheres or spheres. The light source used by each Laboratory is distinctly different. In order to investigate a possible calibration bias introduced by different light sources, pyranometers manufactured by Eppley with different paints and configurations were exposed to irradiation from light sources typical of those in use. Samples of Eppley lampblack-magnesium oxide, Parson's Black-magnesium oxide, “star”, and precision pyranometers were randomly chosen for this test. The response of each pyranometer to each light source was determined for “total white light” and to light filtered by each of nine narrow-band interference filters. The peaks for these filters were approximately evenly spaced from 368 to 2450 nanometers with the transmission in the ultraviolet and infrared suppressed to less than 1 per cent. Graphs are presented showing the mean response of each type of pyranometer to each light source. From the data presented, it is concluded that the combination of the spectral quality of the source lamps and the spectral dependence of the types of pyranometers examined may lead to calibration biases. It is recommended that either the quartz, iodine cycle lamp or a high efficiency lamp similar to the airway beacon lamp be adopted for use in spheres and hemispheres. Recently, a limited number of comparisons have been made of sun-exposure calibrations with sphere calibrations made with source lights comparable to those above. Too few of these comparisons have been made to date to draw valid conclusions. However, the recommendation for use of a lamp similar to the airway beacon lamp made above appears to be supported. Additional study must be done before a decision can be made.
Logistic regression with a partially observed covariate

We present results of a Monte Carlo study comparing four methods of estimating the parameters of the logistic model logit (pr (Y = 1 | X, Z)) = α0 + α 1 X + α 2 Z where X and Z are continuous covariates and X is always observed but Z is sometimes missing. The four methods examined are 1) logistic regression using complete cases, 2) logistic regression with filled-in values of Z obtained from the regression of Z on X and Y, 3) logistic regression with filled-in values of Z and random error added, and 4) maximum likelihood estimation assuming the distribution of Z given X and Y is normal. Effects of different percent missing for Z and different missing value mechanisms on the bias and mean absolute deviation of the estimators are examined for data sets of N = 200 and N = 400.
Travelling electromagnetic waves on linear periodic arrays of lossless spheres

Source scattering-matrix analyses of travelling waves on infinite linear periodic arrays of lossless spheres and of small electric wires are applied to determine the propagation constants of dipolar travelling waves on an infinite linear periodic chain of metallic nanospheres.
Phosphorylation of myelin proteins: Recent advances

Since it was first described 25 years ago, phosphorylation has come to be recognized as a widespread and dynamic post-translational modification of myelin protein. In this review, the phosphorylation characteristics of myelin basic protein, protein zero (P0), myelin-associated glycoprotein and 2′3′ cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase are summarized. Emphasis is placed on recent advances in our knowledge concerning the protein kinases involved and the sites, of phosphorylation in the amino acid sequences, where known. The possible roles of myelin protein phosphorylation in modulating myelin structure, the process of myelin assembly and mediation of signal transduction events are discussed.
Hepatitis C virus: a new class of virus associated with particles derived from very low-density lipoproteins.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 3% of the world population and is the leading cause of liver failure in the United States. A unique feature of HCV is that the viral particles are integral to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)–derived lipoprotein particles. The virus is assembled into VLDL in hepatocytes and released out of the cells together with VLDL. The virus then infects more hepatocytes by entering the cells through the low-density lipoprotein receptor, which mediates uptake of majorities of VLDL-derived lipoprotein particles. These observations suggest that HCV may belong to a novel class of viruses that is associated with VLDL. Understanding the relationship between HCV and VLDL metabolism may reveal new strategies to treat HCV infection.
Standing ovation: an attempt to simulate human personalities

Computer simulation of human personalities is presented using standing ovation as an example of human social behaviour. Five personality components are used to influence behaviour. The experiment has proven the efficacy of basing a nonlinear dynamic system simulation on precepts derived from personality traits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear Wave Packet Evolution on a Baroclinicaily Unstable Jet

Abstract Numerical simulations of the inviscid, nonlinear life cycle of wave packets emerging from a zonally localized initial disturbance on a baroclinically unstable jet are studied. The study reveals the following. 1) Linear wave packet theory accurately bounds the upstream and downstream development of the synoptic disturbance throughout the nonlinear evolution. 2) The short, shallow, slowly propagating waves at the upstream fringe of the wave packet equilibrate at low amplitudes and never come to dominate the wave packet evolution. 3) Upslxeampropagating Rossby waves are excited in the vicinity of the synoptic wave packet, which cause the generation of strong barotropic jets mostly upstream of the dominant body of the wave packet. This prevents the barotropicgovernor mechanism from limiting the growth Of the disturbances in the main body of the packet; the main equilibration mechanism is a simple homogenization of the lower-layer potential vorticity in the vicinity of the wave packet. 4) The waves th...
Temporary growth hormone diabetes in the tube-fed rat.

PREVIOUS studies from this laboratory concerning the diabetogenic action of growth hormone in the rat (1, 2) were influenced by a concept first proposed by Young (3) that growth and diabetes are alternate responses to growth hormone. In these terms, diabetes does not develop in the rat receiving growth hormone because this species always has open epiphyses and hence is capable of responding with growth. Indirect support for this concept came in our observation that the force-fed rat developed temporary diabetes from growth hormone treatment if its growth response was compromised by the simultaneous administration of a subdiabetogenic dose of either ACTH or cortisone. Young, however, has also suggested another explanation for the insensitivity of the rat as compared to the dog and cat.
Building Evaluation in the Main Stream

The process of building evaluation in large institutional settings is presented in the context of a fundamental intervention assumption and its attendant implications. "Feedback from evaluation res...
Life cycle assessment of fuel cell-based APUs

Fuel cell-based auxiliary power units (APUs) are devices meant to reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions when the vehicle engine is used for non-propulsion purposes (space conditioning/heating, refrigeration, lighting, etc.). This paper examines for this new technology the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the comparison with the existing technology, which is commonly idling of diesel engines. Life cycle assessment provides the cumulative impact resulting from all the stages of the product life. Through this analysis it was possible to demonstrate that life cycle emissions cannot be neglected in the impact assessment of fuel cell-based auxiliary power units. However, even considering those emissions, the total amount of pollutant that is released is much less than in the case of idling of diesel engines. SOFC-based APUs showed great potential in terms of human health and environmental impacts reduction if compared to the existing technology and the payback period has been estimated in just a little more than two years.
Big graph mining: algorithms and discoveries

How do we find patterns and anomalies in very large graphs with billions of nodes and edges? How to mine such big graphs efficiently? Big graphs are everywhere, ranging from social networks and mobile call networks to biological networks and the World Wide Web. Mining big graphs leads to many interesting applications including cyber security, fraud detection, Web search, recommendation, and many more.In this paper we describe Pegasus, a big graph mining system built on top of MapReduce, a modern distributed data processing platform. We introduce GIM-V, an important primitive that Pegasus uses for its algorithms to analyze structures of large graphs. We also introduce HEigen, a large scale eigensolver which is also a part of Pegasus. Both GIM-V and HEigen are highly optimized, achieving linear scale up on the number of machines and edges, and providing 9.2x and 76x faster performance than their naive counterparts, respectively.Using Pegasus, we analyze very large, real world graphs with billions of nodes and edges. Our findings include anomalous spikes in the connected component size distribution, the 7 degrees of separation in a Web graph, and anomalous adult advertisers in the who-follows-whom Twitter social network.
Concern with Immediate Consequences Magnifies the Impact of Compulsive Buying Tendencies on College Students' Credit Card Debt

This research examines whether temporal orientation moderates the impact of compulsive buying tendencies (CBT) on credit card debt. Participants completed the consideration of future consequences scale, a compulsive buying scale, and reported their credit card debt. Results revealed that CBT mediated the relationship between concern with immediate consequences and credit card debt, and high concern with immediate consequences magnified the impact of CBT on credit card debt. This suggests that compulsive buyers who focus on maximizing immediate consequences are at a much higher risk of building up significant amounts of credit card debt.
Re-evaluation of the Auxotab (Inolex) Enteric 1 System for identification of Enterobacteriaceae.

The improved Auxotab Enteric I System was re-evaluated and found to correlate 98% with conventional methods for the identification ofEnterobacteriaceae. Possible Reasons for previous poor results with this system are discussed.
Development of an endoluminal intestinal lengthening capsule.

Abstract Purpose Prior studies demonstrated the ability of a spring to lengthen intestinal segments. We made two innovations to this device. First, we employed a degradable capsule to control the deployment of the spring. Second, we decreased the spring force to allow slower expansion of the intestinal segment. Methods Nitinol springs with varying forces were compressed and placed in gelatin capsules. These capsules were coated with a degradable polymer and were placed in isolated segments of rat jejunum. Serial x-rays were used to determine the rate of spring expansion. Retrieved jejunal segments were analyzed histologically. Results Using the polymer-coated capsule, the spring was reliably deployed between 24 and 48 hours. Intestinal segments were lengthened from 1.0 cm to 3.6 cm after 14 days. The optimal spring for the gradual expansion of jejunal segments had a spring constant of 0.0010 N/mm. Villus height was preserved, but crypt depth was significantly greater in the lengthened intestine. Conclusion Use of a low-force spring resulted in a nearly four-fold lengthening of jejunal segments. The use of a polymer-coated capsule provided a reliable way to control the timing of spring deployment. This capsule may be useful for the endoscopic placement of the spring in patients with short bowel syndrome.
Intracellular dynamics of Smad-mediated TGFbeta signaling.

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family represents a class of signaling molecules that plays a central role in morphogenesis, growth, and cell differentiation during normal embryonic development. Members of this growth factor family are particularly vital to development of the mammalian secondary palate where they regulate palate mesenchymal cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis. Such regulation is particularly critical since perturbation of either cellular process results in a cleft of the palate. While the cellular and phenotypic effects of TGFbeta on embryonic craniofacial tissue have been extensively catalogued, the specific genes that function as downstream mediators of TGFbeta action in the embryo during palatal ontogenesis are poorly defined. Embryonic palatal tissue in vivo and murine embryonic palate mesenchymal (MEPM) cells in vitro secrete and respond to TGFbeta. In the current study, elements of the Smad component of the TGFbeta intracellular signaling system were identified and characterized in cells of the embryonic palate and functional activation of the Smad pathway by TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and TGFbeta3 was demonstrated. TGFbeta-initiated Smad signaling in cells of the embryonic palate was found to result in: (1) phosphorylation of Smad 2; (2) nuclear translocation of the Smads 2, 3, and 4 protein complex; (3) binding of Smads 3 and 4 to a consensus Smad binding element (SBE) oligonucleotide; (4) transactivation of transfected reporter constructs, containing TGFbeta-inducible Smad response elements; and (4) increased expression of gelatinases A and B (endogenous genes containing Smad response elements) whose expression is critical to matrix remodeling during palatal ontogenesis. Collectively, these data point to the presence of a functional Smad-mediated TGFbeta signaling system in cells of the developing murine palate.
Nitrile bonds as infrared probes of electrostatics in ribonuclease S.

Three different nitrile-containing amino acids, p-cyanophenylalanine, m-cyanophenylalanine, and S-cyanohomocysteine, have been introduced near the active site of the semisynthetic enzyme ribonuclease S (RNase S) to serve as probes of electrostatic fields. Vibrational Stark spectra, measured directly on the probe-modified proteins, confirm the predominance of the linear Stark tuning rate in describing the sensitivity of the nitrile stretch to external electric fields, a necessary property for interpreting observed frequency shifts as a quantitative measure of local electric fields that can be compared with simulations. The X-ray structures of these nitrile-modified RNase variants and enzymatic assays demonstrate minimal perturbation to the structure and function, respectively, by the probes and provide a context for understanding the influence of the environment on the nitrile stretching frequency. We examine the ability of simulation techniques to recapitulate the spectroscopic properties of these nitrile...
Shock-Induced Chemical Reactions in Multi-Functional Structural Energetic Intermetallic Nanocomposite Mixtures

Shock induced chemical reactions of intermetallics or mixtures of metal and metal-oxides are also used to synthesize new materials with unique phases and microstructures. These materials are also of significant interest to the energetics community because of the significant amount of heat energy released during chemical reactions when subjected to shock and/or thermal loading. Binary energetic materials are classified into two categories— metal/metal oxides and intermetallics. When these materials are synthesized at a nano level with binders and other structural reinforcements, the strength of the resulting mixture increases. Thus, these materials can be used as dual-functional binary energetic structural materials. In this paper, we study the shock-induced chemical reactions of intermetallic mixtures of nickel and aluminum of varying volume fractions of the constituents. The chemical reaction between nickel and aluminum produces different products based on the volume fraction of the starting nickel and aluminum. These chemical reactions along with the transition state are modeled at the continuum level. In this paper, the intermetallic mixture is impact loaded and the subsequent shock process and associated irreversible processes such as void collapse and chemical reactions are modeled in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Extended irreversible thermodynamics (EIT) is used to describe the fluxes in this system and account for the associated irreversible processes. Numerical simulations of the intermetallic mixture are carried out using finite difference schemes.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN A STATOR VANE UNDER BENDING

The stress distribution on the surface of a stator vane loaded statically as a cantilever has been obtained by means of brittle coatings, strain gauges and three-dimensional photoelasticity. A metal prototype was available for the determinations and from this an epoxy model was made by casting. The combination of methods used suggests the most efficient way of stress analyzing this type of structure.
Correlated Pollutants, Interregional Redistribution and Labor Attachment in a Federation

We examine the efficiency of federal policies in a federation characterized by decentralized leadership, imperfect labor mobility and transboundary pollution. Selfish regional governments regulate correlated pollutant emissions by choosing pollution tax and abatement levels in anticipation of the center’s redistributive policy. The center’s objective function obeys a proportional equity principle, which implies that its choice of interregional transfer satisfies the equalization of weighted regional welfare levels. Regional and central governments make their choices subject to migration incentives. We show that the subgame perfect equilibrium for the sequential game played by regional and central governments yields socially optimal policies.
Assessing the Quality of Life of Elderly Persons

Quality of life assessment data for the elderly patient with cancer should be used to plan, implement, and evaluate treatment protocols. Yet, data are lacking about the quality of life of this patient population. Characteristics of the environment and conceptual and operational issues must be addressed in order to obtain reliable and valid assessment data about the quality of life of elderly persons with cancer.
Learning analytics for collaborative writing: a prototype and case study

This paper explores the ways in which participants in writing intensive environments might use learning analytics to make productive interventions during, rather than after, the collaborative construction of written artifacts. Specifically, our work considered how university students learning in a knowledge work model---one that is collaborative, project-based, and that relies on consistent peer-to-peer interaction and feedback---might leverage learning analytics as formative assessment to foster metacognition and improve final deliverables. We describe Uatu, a system designed to visualize the real time contribution and edit history of collaboratively written documents. After briefly describing the technical details of this system, we offer initial findings from a fifteen week qualitative case study of 8 computer science students who used Uatu in conjunction with Google Docs while collaborating on a variety of writing and programming tasks. These findings indicate both the challenges and promise of delivering useful metrics for collaborative writing scenarios in academe and industry.
Thermodynamic Stability of Human Lens Recombinant αA- and αB-crystallins

Abstract Lens α-crystallin is a 600–800-kDa heterogeneous oligomer protein consisting of two subunits, αA and αB. The homogeneous oligomers (αA- and αB-crystallins) have been prepared by recombinant DNA technology and shown to differ in the following biophysical/biochemical properties: hydrophobicity, chaperone-like activity, subunit exchange rate, and thermal stability. In this study, we studied their thermodynamic stability by unfolding in guanidine hydrochloride. The unfolding was probed by three spectroscopic parameters: absorbance at 235 nm, Trp fluorescence intensity at 320 nm, and far-UV circular dichroism at 223 nm. Global analysis indicated that a three-state model better describes the unfolding behavior than a two-state model, an indication that there are stable intermediates for both αA- and αB-crystallins. In terms of standard free energy (ΔG NU H2O), αA-crystallin is slightly more stable than αB-crystallin. The significance of the intermediates may be related to the functioning of α-crystallins as chaperone-like molecules.
Ten Years at the Multisensory Forum: Musings on the Evolution of a Field

Research on all things multisensory has literally exploded since the inception of the International Multisensory Research Forum (IMRF) conference at Oxford in 1999. Here we find ourselves at the 10th annual meeting, for the second time in New York, with a wealth of data from which we will work to gain insights into the mechanisms by which the brain deals with and benefits from multisensory inputs. We have taken this opportunity for some musings on what the last 10 years have taught us, and where we think the field may be heading in the years to come. Our ramblings will be necessarily biased and incomplete and for this we apologize in advance. We also take the opportunity to highlight some of the clinical translational work that is now being done in the field, and to emphasize the importance and potency of translating findings from the basic research domain to diagnostic and clinical applications.
Trade‐offs between melanisation and life‐history traits in Helicoverpa armigera

1. Previously we established a homozygous melanic strain (JBM) with 16 black pupae spontaneously occurring within a laboratory population (JBW) of Helicoverpa armigera and demonstrated that the melanisation is controlled by a single recessive autosomal gene. 2. Data obtained indicate that the melanisation is globally expressed in the pupal and adult stages (except for the body hairs of adults) but not in the egg and larval stages. No differences in body colour can be found between the melanic JBM and the wild-type JBW strains before the metamorphic pupation moult. After pupation, the JBM pupae gradually blacken, whereas the wild-type JBW pupae gradually turn brown, indicating that the biosynthetic steps leading to brown pigments are shut off in the JBM strain. In the adult stage, wings are darker and hairs on the abdomen and tergum are lighter in the melanic moths than in the wild-type individuals. 3. Life-table experiments reveal that the melanism is associated with slower development in all life stages, smaller body weight, lower mating rate and fecundity, less mating time, and accordingly, lower net reproduction rate and population trend index. 4. Single pair inbreeding and reciprocal crosses show that the mating rate is much lower in the inter-strain crosses than in the intra-strain crosses, indicating the presence of mating preference for its own colour morph and the presence to some degree of reproductive isolation between the two colour morphs.
Anatomical organization of the limb premotor network in the turtle (Chrysemys picta) revealed by in vitro transport of biocytin and neurobiotin

The in vitro turtle brainstem-cerebellum preparation has been a valuable tool in the study of central motor programs. In the present study, we investigate the anatomical organization of the turtle rubrocerebellar limb premotor network and its sensory connections in vitro by combining the rapid anterograde and retrograde transport of neurobiotin and biocytin with the extended viability of the isolated turtle brainstem-cerebellum. These compounds retrogradely labeled soma, dendrites, and axons, and orthogradely labeled axons and, to a lesser extent, terminals. The chelonian red nucleus receives a dense input from the contralateral lateral cerebellar nucleus and projects heavily to the contralateral spinal cord. Rubral axons sparsely innervate the lateral cerebellar nucleus and project heavily to the lateral reticular nucleus. Lateral reticular axons heavily innervate the lateral cerebellar nucleus before terminating in the pars lateralis of the cerebellar cortex as mossy fibers. These prominent, recurrent loops among the lateral cerebellar nucleus, red nucleus, and lateral reticular nucleus constitute the turtle rubrocerebellar limb premotor network. Sensory inputs to the red nucleus originate in the contralateral dorsal column nuclei, the principal trigeminal nucleus, and the spinothalamic system. These sites project bilaterally to the lateral reticular nucleus. The lateral cerebellar nucleus receives a contralateral input from the dorsal column nuclei. The red nucleus projects sparsely to the dorsal column nuclei. The red nucleus also receives an ipsilateral descending projection from the suprapeduncular nucleus, located in the diencephalon, and an ascending input from the rostral rhombencephalic reticular formation. An ipsilateral descending pathway originating in the red nucleus is likely to be the rubro-olivary tract.
Effect of the host cell on the generation of defective simian virus 40 during undiluted serial passages and persistent infection

Abstract Grossly aberrant SV40 variants, which contain reiterations of the SV40 origin of replication, emerge during undiluted serial passages in both LLC-MK 2 Asian rhesus monkey kidney cells and CV-1 African green monkey kidney cells as well as in an SV40/LLC-MK 2 system of persistent infection. Somewhat higher levels of these reiteration type variants are attained in the LLC-MK 2 cells during serial passages than during persistent infection. However, the LLC-MK 2 cells have a much lower capacity than the CV-1 cells to amplify the levels of that variant type in the virus population. Thus, there is a greater tendency for the grossly aberrant variants to become predominant in stocks produced in CV-1 cells than in LLC-MK 2 cells. Autointerference and defective interfering particle activity appear earlier in serial passage stocks generated in CV-1 cells than in LLC-MK 2 cells. However, the interference activities of these stocks do not necessarily correlate with the levels of grossly altered variants.
Preliminary Study of Tolerance of Ambiguity of Individuals Reporting Paranormal Experiences

This research tested the notion that poltergeist-like experiences reflect the need to explain anomalous personal experiences. Thus, it was hypothesized that percipients of poltergeists would score lower on tolerance of ambiguity than controls. Further, it was hypothesized that tolerance of ambiguity would negatively correlate with the number of different categories of poltergeist experience. 30 self-identified percipients of poltergeist-like phenomena and 30 self-identified nonpercipients of the paranormal were administered the Rydell-Rosen Ambiguity Tolerance Scale and Houran and Lange's Poltergeist Experiences Checklist. Results partially supported predictions. Percipients of the paranormal scored significantly lower on tolerance of ambiguity than nonpercipients, but scores on the experiences checklist did not significantly correlate with scores on tolerance of ambiguity. The results supported the main hypothesis but more detailed research is needed to clarify the roles of age and tolerance of ambiguity in the perception of anomalous phenomena.
Gathering User Feedback from Internal Sources to Supplement Formal Usability Studies

Formal usability testing is an established method for capturing critical information about how users interact with products. However, summative and aggregate user and client feedback can be gathered from other internal sources to supplement formal user observations. By acquiring perceptions from other teams within an organization, a human factors professional can not only economically capitalize on existing knowledge related to user and client pain points, but also create advocates for high-quality user experiences. Mutual benefits for interacting with various teams and methods for initiating usability-related dialogues are introduced.
Creep behavior of an Al-6061 metal matrix composite produced by liquid metallurgy processing

Abstract Constant stress creep tests were conducted on an Al-6061 metal matrix composite reinforced with alumina microspheres and produced using liquid metallurgy processing. By introducing a threshold stress into the creep analysis, it is concluded that creep occurs by viscous glide in the matrix with a stress exponent of ≈ 3 and an activation energy of ≈125 kJ mol −1 . The threshold stress is probably associated with the presence of fine spinel crystals which have been identified in the matrix of the composite.
Theory of color symmetry for periodic and quasiperiodic crystals

The author presents a theory of color symmetry applicable to the description and classification of periodic as well as quasiperiodic colored crystals. This theory is an extension to multicomponent fields of the Fourier-space approach of Rokhsar, Wright, and Mermin. It is based on the notion of indistinguishability and a generalization of the traditional concepts of color point group and color space group. The theory is applied toward (I) the classification of all black and white space-group types on standard axial quasicrystals in two and three dimensions; (II) the classification of all black and white space-group types in the icosahedral system; (III) the determination of the possible numbers of colors in a standard two-dimensional N-fold symmetric color field whose components are all indistinguishable; and (IV) the classification of two-dimensional decagonal and pentagonal n-color space-group types, explicitly listed for n{le}25. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Romantic Mood Induction and Attraction to a Dissimilar Other Is Love Blind

The present experiments examined the effects of a romantic mood induction on male subjects' attraction to an attitudinally dissimilar female. It was hypothesized and found that male subjects exposed to a romantic mood induction with such a female showed greater attraction to her on measures of liking, love, and limerence than control subjects who were not exposed to the romantic mood manipulation. Romantic mood induction subjects also perceived the dissimilar female as more similar to themselves than did control subjects.
A CD2‐Based Model of Yeast a‐Agglutinin Elucidates Solution Properties and Binding Characteristics

We have previously shown that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell adhesion protein alpha-agglutinin has sequence characteristics of immunoglobulin-like proteins and have successfully modeled residues 200-325, based on the structure of immunoglobulin variable-type domains. Alignments matching residues 20-200 of alpha-agglutinin with domains I and II of members of the CD2/CD4 subfamily of the immunoglobulin superfamily showed > 80% conservation of key residues despite low sequence similarity overall. Three-dimensional models of two alpha-agglutinin domains constructed on the basis of these alignments were shown to conform to peptide mapping data and biophysical properties of alpha-agglutinin. In addition, the residue volume and surface accessibility characteristics of these models resembled those of the well-packed structures of related proteins. Residue-by-residue analysis showed that packing and accessibility anomalies were largely confined to glycosylated and protease-susceptible loop regions of the domains. Surface accessibility of hydrophobic residues was typical of proteins with extensive domain interactions, a finding compatible with the hydrodynamic properties of alpha -agglutinin and the hydrophobic nature of binding to its peptide ligand alpha-agglutinin. The procedures used to align the alpha-agglutinin sequence and test the quality of the model may be applicable to other proteins, especially those that resist crystallization because of extensive glycosylation.
The CLEO II silicon vertex detector

Abstract We describe a vertex detector comprised of three layers of double-sided silicon wafers, installed in the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). The innermost silicon wafers are located a distance of 2.35 cm from the stored electron and positron beams; the beams carry a total of 300 mA of current. Characterizations of the improvements in detector performance since VERTEX’96, results on beam related occupancy, and evaluations of detector resolutions are presented. The prospects for physics results from a data set corresponding to integrated luminosity 4 fb−1 with the device installed are discussed.
NUMBER OF RAT OVA IMPLANTING AFTER SUB-STERILIZING X-IRRADIATION OF ONE OR BOTH OVARIES.

Both bilateral and unilateral irradiation of the ovary with a substerilizing dose (800 r) was undertaken in an attempt to clarify the direct effects on fertility of ovarian irradiation. In some cases, one ovary had been removed from the 60-day-old rats before irradiation of the other ovary. Treated females were placed with males at 60, 70, 80, or 90 days of age, and examined, 8 or 9 days after sperm were found in the vaginal smears, to determine the number of implantations. The number of matings was reduced during the period of normal vagtnal cycles. Matings did occur after the onset of continuous vaginal cornification. Animals with an irradiated left and a normal right ovary maintained an average number of implantations through pregnancies 1 to 7. The normal ovary compensated for the loss of production by the irradiated ovary. Bilateral irradiation caused a decrease in implantations in the second and third pregnancies. In individual cases, however, the normal complement for a single ovary occurred as late as 201 days after irradiation. The irradiated ovary in the absence of the other ovary compensated by producing more implantations; its period of production was limited to 31 days following irradiation. The average numbermore » of implantations was 8.4, which is significantly greater than the number of implantations produced by the irradiated ovary in the presence of a normal or an irradiated ovary during a comparable postirradiation period. Thus the irradiated ovary during this period can compensate by producing more ova if the other ovary has been removed. There was no evident explanation for the failure of these animals to implant at a later date. Resorptions were noted at the time of exploration, but no attempt was made to determine the time or the cause of these. (BBB)« less
The anatomy of free recall

The relative importance of various covert cues used in free recall is inferred on the basis of conditional probabilities of free recall given success vs failure of cued recall of the same material. Thirty-six names associated with pictures arranged in a 6 by 6 matrix were learned. A free recall test of names was followed by cued recall of names, with pictures, positions, or joint pictures and positions used as cues. Matching tests based on these cues were also administered. The tests were given at one of two stages of training, immediately or after 2 days. Pictorial and position cues are equally well encoded, but pictorial cues are less accessible and, therefore, relatively more useful in cued recall than in free recall. Position and pictorial information related to the names appears to be encoded and forgotten independently, and there is no evidence for summation of subthreshold encoding effect
Aromatase inhibition by bioavailable methylated flavones

Abstract Previous studies have shown chrysin, 7-hydroxyflavone and 7,4′-dihydroxyflavone to be the most potent flavonoid inhibitors of aromatase. However, very poor oral bioavailability is a major limitation for the successful use of dietary flavonoids as chemopreventive agents. We have recently shown that methylated flavones, including 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, 7-methoxyflavone and 7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, are much more resistant to metabolism than their unmethylated analogs and have much higher intestinal absorption. In this study, we examined these fully methylated flavones as potential aromatase inhibitors for the prevention and/or treatment of hormone-dependent cancers. Whereas 5,7-dimethoxyflavone had poor effect compared to its unmethylated analog chrysin, 7-methoxyflavone and 7,4′-dimethoxyflavone were almost equipotent to their unmethylated analogs with IC 50 values of 2–9 μM. Thus, some fully methylated flavones appear to have great potential as cancer chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents.
Strong Conductance Variation in Conformationally Constrained Oligosilane Tunnel Junctions

The effects of molecular conformation on conductance in oligosilane-bridged metal-molecule-metal junctions are studied theoretically using density functional theory combined with a nonequilibrium Green’s function approach. Varying the internal SiSiSiSi dihedral angles in hexasilane diamine chains changes the conductance by up to 3 orders of magnitude. This conformational dependence is due to the effects of σ-delocalization on the positions of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies. The conductance values for the different conformations are related to electron transfer rates in donor-bridge-acceptor systems, and the effect of shifting the injection energy is examined. The transport properties are found to be extremely sensitive to the alignment between the HOMO energies and Fermi level of the gold electrodes. I. Introduction Development of molecular electronic devices requires careful tailoring of the electronic transport properties to achieve the desired functionalities. 1,2 One approach for engineering specific transport properties that has been studied theoretically 3-6 and realized experimentally 7,8 controls the effect of molecular conformation on conductance. Recent experiments 7 have shown that extending π-conjugation to varying degrees in a biphenyl system by altering the twist angle between the two phenyl rings affects the electronic transport, with a conformational dependence predicted by π-orbital overlap arguments. 3,4,9 The conformational dependence of the electronic properties of π-conjugated molecules has an analogue in the electronic properties of σ-conjugated molecules. Methylated and catenated oligosilanes have been the subject of research studying the effects of σ-delocalization on optical properties such as UV and IR absorption. 10-20 These studies indicate that σ-delocalization is extended by anti turns (SiSiSiSi dihedral angles of 180°) but not by cisoid turns (small dihedral angles) in the backbone of silane chains. Given the phenomenon of conformation-dependent transport in π-conjugated structures, it is worth examining whether σ-conjugated structures exhibit a similar effect. In this work, we examine theoretically how the conformational dependence of the electronic properties of oligosilane chains can be used to control electronic transport in single molecule junctions. Charge transport properties are calculated for a series of amine-terminated hexasilane chains between gold electrodes with varying internal dihedral angles ranging from 0° to 180° (Figure 1). Zero-bias conductances for the chains are computed by using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) techniques. 21 The results indicate a strong dependence of the conductance on the silane backbone conformation and are understood by using an analysis of the offsets between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and the Fermi level for the different conformations. Comparisons with results
Updating the Nurse's Bedside Manner

The current tendency for nurses to be on a first name basis with their patients and to wear less professional clothing provides new metaphors for interpreting nurses' work status. We argue that this prevailing social informality in communications and dress perpetuates themes that diminish the professional image of nurses, masks the cognitive nature of their work, threatens nurses' therapeutic effectiveness, and continues to reinforce the hierarchical relationship between nurses and physicians. Strategies are presented to help nurse educators, administrators, and clinicians transform nurses' work environments into clinical settings that enhance their professional presentation.
Death during acute myocardial infarction: dodging the first bullet.

a o t t o t u Survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are an increased risk for death, particularly in the early post-AMI period when the cause of death is overwhelmingly cardiovascular in origin. Large studies have actually documented a significant clustering of deaths in the early post-AMI period, with declining levels over time reaching a steady state beyond 2 years of the index event. In the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT), the rate of ll-cause mortality in the immediate post-AMI phase was .4% per month, compared to 0.14% per month between ears 2 and 3 after AMI. Depressed left ventricular function anifested by a low left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) as a major predictor of death in this population. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) prolong ife in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy, primarily by reducing sudden cardiac death events related to malignant ventricular arrhythmias. In the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) II, which andomized survivors of myocardial infarction who had a everely depressed EF to ICD versus medical therapy, the ean time from the index myocardial infarction to randomzation was greater than 6 years. Given the increased risk of ardiac mortality after AMI, it was anticipated that early ntervention with the ICD would be even more protective as ore patients could be saved. Paradoxically, when randomzed clinical trials of ICD implantation in the early (within 0 days or 31 days of the index event) post-AMI period ere conducted, they failed to demonstrate a survival benfit with the ICD despite a significant reduction in the rate f sudden arrhythmic death. Accordingly, the current Amercan Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/ eart Rhythm Society published guidelines recommend voiding ICD implantations in the early post-AMI phase. imilarly, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services eimbursement guidelines mandate that ICDs not be imlanted in the first 40 days post-AMI in patients who oth-
Targeting urothelium: ex vivo assay standardization and selection of internalizing ligands.

ABSTRACTPurpose: With the goal of targeting the human bladder using phage display technology we designed and tested a tissue binding assay on intact urothelium ex vivo. This approach may form the molecular basis for clinical development of peptide or peptidomimetic guided intravesical compounds.Materials and Methods: We screened 2 phage display random peptide libraries on human urothelium. Select peptides were tested for their binding ability to human urothelium, 2 human transitional cell carcinoma cell lines and a nontransitional cell carcinoma cell line. Next we standardized an ex vivo binding assay, validated binding of selected phage to whole urothelium, and evaluated whether receptor mediated internalization into urothelium derived cells occurred. Finally we tested if the presence of the glycosaminoglycan layer had any effect on the binding of the urothelium targeted phage.Results: Phage selected and recovered in the screening were isolated and sequenced. Displayed peptide sequences were searched aga...
Effect of domestication on avoidance learning in the Norway rat

Wild rats (Rattus norvegicus) in three stages of laboratorization were outperformed by domesticated (albino) rats in a two-way shuttlebox task. Avoidances in wild F1 laboratory-raised rats and in wild-caught laboratory-habituated rats were equivalent and exceeded avoidances in newly captured rats. Shuttlebox behaviors of all undomesticated rats were inflexible and emotional as compared to albino rats.
THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE SUBSTANCES REQUIRED FOR CELL MULTIPLICATION : II. ACTION OF GLUTATHIONE, HEMOGLOBIN, AND ASH OF LIVER ON THE GROWTH OF FIBROBLASTS.

1. It has been shown that the ash of liver, hemoglobin, and glutathione each exerts a very slight beneficial effect on the growth of sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat, or on the condition of their cells when cultivated in a synthetic medium. 2. The addition of all three of these substances, or of only glutathione and hemoglobin, to a mixture of casein digest, glycocoll, and nucleic acid gives a medium in which sarcomatous fibroblasts of the rat proliferate for a considerable time as rapidly as in embryo juice. 3. The mixture is not as adequate a nutritive medium as embryo juice, for after a time dead cells are found surrounding the central fragment of the culture, and after several passages the growth becomes thinner. 4. The hypothesis is suggested that glutathione and hemoglobin may function not only by regulating the respiration and oxidation-reduction reactions within the cell, but also by regulating the oxidation-reduction potential of the medium. 5. It is suggested that the failure to obtain growth of fibroblasts in mixtures of amino acids or of the products of complete acid hydrolysis of proteins is in part due to the absence of glutathione, and that this substance is not synthetized by fibroblasts. 6. The growth of normal fibroblasts of the rat is also increased by the addition of the above mentioned substances to a synthetic medium.