cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Return to Exercise Following Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 in the Recreational Athlete.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality around the world. The spectrum of COVID-19 is broad, from clinical disease requiring intensive medical care to less severe symptoms that are treated with supportive care. The majority of COVID-19 cases fall into the mild-to-moderate category, with symptoms lasting less than 6 weeks. Nevertheless, the morbidity from COVID-19 is significant and can affect multiple body systems, most frequently the cardiac, pulmonary, hematologic, musculoskeletal, and gastrointestinal systems. For patients who wish to return to exercise after mild-to-moderate COVID-19, the wide range of disease expression presents a challenge for clinicians seeking to offer counsel. This literature review on return to activity following mild to moderate COVID-19 in the recreational athlete includes evidence-based considerations and recommendations for clinicians in guiding the safest return to activity.
Building a Prostate Cancer Lifestyle Medicine Program

According to the National Cancer Institute, there are approximately 1.7 million men living in the United States with a diagnosis of prostate cancer. To this number, approximately 230,000 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed, and 29,900 men will die of the disease this year in the United States alone. Presently, there is a tremendous, unmet medical need for treating the disease, particularly early-stage prostate cancer, and as its etiology is understood in more detail, lifestyle changes are becoming an increasingly crucial part of the preventative and management process. Ethnic disparities in prostate cancer incidence and prognosis are an emerging challenge, and new immunotherapies are coming to the forefront of treatment planning in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and advanced disease settings. Underpinning this is the knowledge that a more holistic approach to treatment has genuine benefits in terms of clinical outcomes and avoidance of treatment-related complications. With that in mind, a Lifestyle Program has been built at Mount Sinai Urology, and its development from inception through content, infrastructure, human resources, patient care and flow, reverse engineering, and future plans are all described here in detail.
Male Permanent Contraception: Vasectomy

Vasectomy is a quick, safe, effective, and cost-effective contraceptive method, with a failure rate lower than that of female sterilization. Vasectomy can be performed outpatient with local anesthesia and minimal risks. Backup contraception should be used until motile sperm are absent on postvasectomy semen analysis. One procedure can provide lifelong contraception. Despite its advantages, vasectomy is underutilized—only 6% of American women rely on vasectomy. Given provider unfamiliarity may play a role in underutilization, a working knowledge of vasectomy procedure is necessary for counseling couples on male permanent contraception. Training for this procedure is currently available in a growing number of family planning fellowship programs.
Prognosis of Connector Disconnection Using a Canary-Based Approach

The electrical connector disconnection is a common problem in automotive systems. It can be caused by bad design, manufacturing issues, ageing in harsh environment, or low product quality. An imminent disconnection during driving may result in severe safety issues. A loose connection manifests itself as intermittent faults of various vehicle components, which is hard to diagnose and likely leads to unnecessary component replacement or dealership revisit. In order to predict the connector disconnection, a low-cost canary-based approach is proposed in this paper. A shortened male terminal is employed to foretell the loose factory terminals in the same connector housing. The dimension and placement of the shortened terminal are theoretically and experimentally investigated to achieve optimal performance. The proposed solution is tested and compared to other common diagnostic and prognostic approaches, including inductance–, capacitance–, resistance–based approaches, time domain reflectometry, and frequency domain transmissometry, using a connector bench test setup. The placement variation test and the accelerated vibration test are performed to simulate the long-term real driving scenario as well. It’s shown that the proposed solution is capable ofpredicting connector disconnection robustly before the vehicle functionality is affected.
Toward a historical ontology of the infopolitics of data-driven decision-making (DDDM) in education

This paper interrogates the fundamental logic of data-driven decision-making (DDDM) as it has taken hold in education and argues for a critical analysis of data-driven education via an attitude of ...
Fulminating trichiniasis

1. Fulminating cases of acute trichinosis are presented in which the outstanding features are myocarditis, encephalitis, and hepatitis. 2. The classical history of ingestion or improperly cooked meat, followed by gastrointestinal upset and signs of periorbital edema, acute myositis, and eosinophilia were either missing or obscured in one case. 3. Prophylaxis is still the treatment of choice but the efficacy of hyper immune serum and/or radioactive phosphorus remain to be evaluated. Hetrazan 200 mgms tid was successfully employed in the treatment of the second case. 4. The histologic sections, especially of the heart and liver, are particularly instructive due to lack of fatal case reports in man. 5. The heterophil antigen present in the larvae may give rise to a false Kahn reaction.
Social media and its impact on health care.

Abstract Objective Social media has fundamentally changed how the world shares and receives information. This review offers a perspective for the practicing clinician regarding how patients are being influenced by their online interactions and considerations for proactively discussing medical decision making with patients. Data Sources Literature search of PubMed database and online published market research data surrounding social media use. Study Selections Peer-reviewed studies, Pew research data, and editorials in the English language were selected and reviewed. Results There has been a substantial increase in the breadth and depth of literature surrounding the use of social media by patients and medical professionals. Increased focus on how it contributes to medical decision making and patient-clinician interactions has occurred in recent years. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the various sources of misinformation and disinformation and how they impact care on many levels. Best practices have been established to assist medical professionals in developing an online presence to combat misinformation or address individual patients. Conclusion There is growing understanding and recognition of the myriad of ways in which social media is impacting health care. Health care professionals from all backgrounds need to increase their understanding of these complex interactions to best assist patients with their medical decision making.
Race Deficits in Pain Detection: Medical Providers and Laypeople Fail to Accurately Perceive Pain Authenticity Among Black People:

Across six studies (N = 904), we suggest a novel mechanism for race disparities in pain treatment: Perceiver deficits in discriminating real from fake pain for Black (relative to White) individuals...
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Origins of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Signal Domains Signal Taxonomy DSP: A Discipline ]]>
Multimodalidade na interação humana

Human action is built by actively combining materials with intrinsically different properties into situated contextual configurations where they can mutually elaborate each other to create a whole that is both different from, and greater than, any of its constitutive parts. This has a range of consequences for the organization of language, action, knowledge and embodiment in situated interaction. Two phenomena that depend upon such distributed organization of action will be investigated here. First, Chil, a man who suffered severe damage to the left hemisphere of his brain that left him with a three word vocabulary, Yes, No and And, was nonetheless able to act as a powerful speaker in conversation. He did this by operating on the talk of others to lead them to produce the words he needed but couldn’t say himself, and also by using gesture to incorporate meaningful phenomena in this surrounding environment into the organization of his utterance. Second, the processes through which archaeologists acquire the ability to see relevant structure in the dirt they are excavating, and construct the documents, such as maps, that animate the discourse of their profession are investigated. The way in which action is built through the simultaneous use of materials with diverse properties makes it possible for experienced archaeologists to calibrate the professional vision, practice and embodied knowledge of novices, and thus to interactively construct within situated interaction the cognition, ways of seeing and embodied practices of new archaeologists. Both Chil’s ability to act as a speaker and the social organization of the embodied knowledge and perception required to act as a member of a scientific community are made possible through the way in which alternatively placed social actors contribute with different kinds of materials to a common course of action. Key words: multimodality, aphasia, professional vision, gesture, pointing, talk-in-interaction.
Chronic nonspecific diarrhea in infants and children treated with diiodohydroxyquinoline.

In a preliminary study, 40 infants and children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea, a syndrome characterized primarily by continuous or intermittent unexplained mild diarrhea and often variously diagnosed as celiac disease, starch intolerance, or intestinal allergy, were treated with diiodohydroxyquinoline. Good responses, manifested by subsidence of diarrhea in 1 to 4 days, ability to tolerate a full diet and relief of tenesmus were observed in 29 of 40 cases treated. There were six therapeutic failures and response was equivocal in five cases. Therapeutic trials consisting of a period of response to diiodohydroxyquinoline with subsequent relapse following withdrawal of medication was observed in 24 cases with three consecutive successful trials in one patient, two trials in each of 10 patients and one trial in each of 13 patients. A double-blind placebo study in 41 subsequent cases of chronic nonspecific diarrhea resulted in a therapeutic correlation of 53% with 22 cases responding to drug but relapsing on placebo. There were 18 failures including 12 patients who did not respond to drug or placebo, 2 patients who responded to placebo, and 4 who responded to drug but did not relapse on placebo. The results seem to indicate that diiodohydroxyquinoline is useful as a nonspecific agent which may effect some fundamental mechanism common to nonspecific diarrheas.
Useful alternative to the multipole expansion of 1/r potentials

Few-body problems involving Coulomb or gravitational interactions between pairs of particles, whether in classical or quantum physics, are generally handled through a standard multipole expansion of the two-body potentials. We develop an alternative based on an old, but hitherto forgotten, expression for the inverse distance between two points that builds on azimuthal symmetry. This alternative should have wide applicability throughout physics and astronomy, both for computation and for the insights it provides through its emphasis on different symmetries and structures than are familiar from the standard treatment. We compare and contrast the two methods, develop addition theorems for Legendre functions of the second kind and a number of useful analytical expressions for these functions. Two-electron ``direct'' and ``exchange'' integrals in many-electron quantum systems are evaluated to illustrate the procedure, which is more compact than the standard one using Wigner coefficients and Slater integrals.
TWO-SEASON SUBSISTENCE FARMING, URBAN FOOD SUBSIDIES AND OPTIMAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY

this research by explicitly modelling a two-period/planting-and-harvest season decision problem that pervades subsistence agriculture in the developing world. This two-season structure is shown to have important implications for both the characterization of farmer behavior and the operation of agricultural price policy. The basic structure is as follows: farmers have two points of decision per year. Each point of decision precedes one of two seasons, called the planting season and the harvest season. To simpify the argment, it is assumed that there is only one cropping period (with the two seasons as above) per year, and that a single crop, maize, is grown, sold, purchased, and consumed from own production by farmers. Farmers' consumption of maize, 'other goods', and 'leisure' takes place at both planting and harvest times. Production inputs (including the farmer's own labor) are chosen at the time of planting, while maize sales and storage decisions are made at the time of harvest. Typically, a farmer's consumption of maize during the planting season comes out of both storage from the prior harvest and purchases from the government marketing authority. This structure is laid out more completely in Section 2 below. In Section 3, the farmer's optimal choices are characterized, with a focus on their comparative statics properties with respect to maize prices (at both times) and the prices of inputs into maize production and storage. In contrast to extant static analyses, the two-season choice structure permits a characterization of how one season's prices affect another season's optimal choices; these relationships turn out to be important for the determination of optimal agricultural price policy.
Cytochrome P450-Derived Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in the Rat Kidney: Characterization of Selective Inhibitors

We characterized the inhibitory activity of several acetylenic and olefinic compounds on cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylation and epoxidation using rat renal cortical microsomes and recombinant CYP proteins. Among the acetylenic compounds, 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanoic acid (PPOH) and N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of microsomal epoxidation with IC50 values of 9 and 13 microM, respectively. On the other hand, 17-octadecynoic acid inhibited both omega-hydroxylation and epoxidation of arachidonic acid with IC50 values of 7 and 5 microM, respectively. The olefinic compounds N-methylsulfonyl-12, 12-dibromododec-11-enamide (DDMS) and 12, 12-dibromododec-11-enoic acid (DBDD) exhibited a high degree of selectivity inhibiting microsomal omega-hydroxylation with an IC50 value of 2 microM, whereas the IC50 values for epoxidation were 60 and 51 microM for DDMS and DBDD, respectively. Studies using recombinant rat CYP4A isoforms showed that PPOH caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of omega-hydroxylation and 11, 12-epoxidation by CYP4A3 or CYP4A2 but had no effect on CYP4A1-catalyzed omega-hydroxylase activity. On the other hand, DDMS inhibited both CYP4A1- and CYP4A3- or CYP4A2-catalyzed arachidonic acid oxidations. Inhibition of microsomal activity by PPOH, but not DDMS, was time- and NADPH-dependent, a result characteristic of a mechanism-based irreversible inhibitor. These studies provide information useful for evaluating the role of the CYP-derived arachidonic acid metabolites in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure.
CM-Wavelength Fluxes and Polarizations of Compact Extra-Galactic X-Ray Sources

Cm-wavelength observations of 15 BL Lac objects are presented. The degree of radio-wavelength variability is compared with the strength of the emission at optical and X-ray wavelengths.
The prospects for elimination of event-talk

The question of whether events are a kind of entity whether there are such things as events -is currently in dispute. Much of the debate takes the form of arguments regarding the interpretation of sentences containing expressions that appear to refer to events. Perhaps among the most familiar defenses of events are Davidson's arguments to the effect that elements in certain kinds of sentences must be interpreted as referring to events to preserve and explain recognized valid inferences as instances of formally valid inferences.' Davidson contends also that such reference is required by the role of redescription of causes in causal statements and explanation.2 To account for failures of substitutivity in singular causal statements, Davidson rejects the view that such statements have the form of two statements joined by a causal connective, defending instead the claim that singular causal statements must be taken as predicating a relation between events.3 Critics of events have adopted the defensive strategy of paraphrasing away apparent reference to and quantification over entities of suspect kinds. Denying that these sentences commit us to the existence of events, they have suggested paraphrases, alternative representations, or alternative interpretations which make no apparent commitment to events. Romane Clark, for example, argues that an adequate theory of predicate modifiers will account for the validity of the inferences Davidson discusses without appeal to events.4 Terence Horgan denies that our ways of talking about causation require that causes be items which can be described and redescribed. Contrary to Davidson, Horgan argues that we can represent singular causal statements with a sentential connective where expressions that appear to refer to events are replaced by sentential operands for that connective.5 Horgan's proposal is that apparent reference to events can be paraphrased away from other contexts in a similar fashion. The suggestion behind this strategy
Subsistence Savings Strategies of Male- and Female-Headed Households: Evidence from Mexico

Analysis of 2,029 Mexican households reveals that the rural poor can and do save using multiple savings strategies. Female-headed households hold more liquid family consumption assets, such as small animals and grain, and invest more in their homes whereas male-headed households save more in financial and quasi-liquid assets. The family composition including the number of dependents is an important determinant of liquid and total assets. Male-headed households are more likely to increase liquid savings after shocks and utilize financial instruments such as credit and insurance to build assets. Age and remittances are strong determinants of savings in female-headed households.
Irreducible Divisor Graphs and Factorization Properties of Domains

This article examines the connections between the factorization properties of a domain, e.g., unique factorization domain (UFD), finite factorization domain (FFD), and the domain's irreducible divisor graphs. In particular, we show that although there are some nice correlations between the properties of the domain D and the set of irreducible divisor graphs {G(x): x ∈ D* \ U(D)} when D is an FFD, it is very unlikely that any information about the domain D can be gleaned from the collection {G(x): x ∈ D* \ U(D)} when D is not an FFD. We also introduce an alternate irreducible divisor graph called the compressed irreducible divisor graph and study some of its properties.
An Improved Splint Design for Boutonniere Deformity

Boutonniere deformities are a common injury to the extensor mechanism of the finger. The deformity results in fixed contraction in the medial finger joint, and is severely debilitating to functionality. Due to the complexity of the mechanism, surgical procedures are difficult, expensive, and often unsuccessful. However, nonsurgical treatment of the deformity has not changed in many years and remains time consuming and mostly ineffective. The goal of this work is to develop an improved mechanical brace, to correct the deformity, by utilizing unconventional materials such as Nitinol and proven therapeutic techniques such as heat and motion to increase blood flow to the damaged tissue.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Palliation of malignant aerodigestive fistulae with self-expanding metallic stents

Malignant aerodigestive fistulae are rare but devastating sequelae of thoracic cancers, most commonly associated with esophageal cancer. Survival following development of a malignant aerodigestive fistula is measured in weeks. Palliation is the primary goal of therapy and to this end, we report the use of self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) as treatment. Between May 1999 and January 2004, 12 patients were treated for malignant aerodigestive fistulae. The underlying diagnosis was esophageal cancer for 10 patients, and non-small cell lung cancer for two others. All patients were symptomatic and fistulae were diagnosed by esophagoscopy in seven, bronchoscopy in two, and esophagram in three. Seven covered Wallstents (seven esophageal) and eight covered Ultraflex (five tracheal and three esophageal) were used. A single stent was placed in eight patients (seven esophageal and one tracheal). Three patients required esophageal and tracheal stents and one patient needed two tracheal stents. General anesthesia was required in 50% of the patients. There were no procedure-related complications. Symptoms were palliated in 100% of patients and oral intake was reinstituted in 42% (5/12). All the patients were discharged from hospital after SEMS placement and one patient returned for an uneventful tracheal stent replacement secondary to mucus impaction 2 months later. SEMS placement is an effective strategy to palliate malignant aerodigestive fistulae. Complications are rare and symptoms are alleviated in most patients.
Current trends in the use of limits in play therapy

Summary The present study examined differences in locus of control orientation of Anglo, Black, and Chicano adolescents with respect to success and failure in three domains, intellectual, social, and physical, using a domain-specific locus of control measure, Locus of Control in Three Achievement Domains (LOCITAD). Results of a multivariate analysis of variance indicated that overall differences across groups were significant (p ≤ .003). A separate examination of the univariate F's for each of the domains indicated significant differences with respect to failure (p ≤ .001) in the intellectual domain, and success (p ≤ .001) and failure (p ≤ .05) in the physical domain. Patterns of means indicated that Chicanos were consistently more internal than Whites, who in turn were consistently more internal than Blacks. These findings indicate that generalizations which characterize minority groups as a single entity are clearly unwarranted.
Sagittal ramus split osteotomy: literature review and suggested modification of technique

The sagittal ramus split osteotomy could be the procedure which defined the evolution of the specialty of oral surgery, the art, to the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery, the science. The basic design of the sagittal ramus split surgical procedure evolved very quickly. The elimination of the problems encountered has taken longer. Some of these problems are yet to be satisfactorily resolved. This paper presents a review of the literature which appears to define the evolution of this procedure. With this information in mind, a minor modification in the traditional mandibular sagittal ramus technique is presented. This modification has proven to be valuable in our hands.
The continuing significance of race: A case study of the impact of welfare reform

This study examined the experiences of African American and Caucasian welfare recipients in the Wisconsin Works (W-2) Program that uses community-based organizations (CBOs), as opposed to public agencies for its welfare services, to determine if race was declining in significance. It found that race is significant. African Americans’ job interviews were shorter than Caucasians. African Americans were required to take pre-employment tests and alcohol and other drug tests more often than Caucasians. Blacks were less likely to be encouraged to go to college than whites, despite higher education levels. The same racial disparities found with public agencies existed with CBOs.
An ESCA study of organosilicon compounds

Abstract The silicon 2p electron binding energies have been measured for a series of 33 organosilicon compounds. The binding energies are correlated with partial atomic charges calculated by various electronegativity models and CNDO calculations. Group shifts are reported for various chemical groups attached to silicon and are found to correlate with group shifts reported for carbon and phosphorus compounds.
Effect of pindolol pretreatment on MK-212-induced plasma cortisol and prolactin responses in normal men

Previous reports based on studies with serotonin (5-HT) precursors or direct acting agonists have suggested that postsynaptic 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A /5-HT 2C receptors may stimulate cortisol and prolactin (PRL) secretion in man. To further clarify the role of these receptors in the regulation of cortisol and PRL secretion in man, the effects of 6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl) pirazine (MK-212), a centrally acting direct 5-HT 2A /5-HT 2C agonist, on the above hormones were studied in 11 normal men with and without pretreatment with pindolol, a 5-HT 1A partial agonist. MK-212 induced a significant increase in plasma concentrations of cortisol and PRL. The MK-212-induced response in plasma cortisol was not diminished by pindolol pretreatment, whereas the MK-212-induced PRL response was significantly inhibited by pindolol pretreatment. These data suggest that the MK-212-induced cortisol response may be mediated by 5-HT 2A or 5-HT 2C receptor activation, or both, despite 5-HT 1A inhibition; however, PRL secretion by MK-212 requires 5-HT 1A receptor availability as well as 5-HT 2A /5-HT 2C receptor activation, since blockade of the former appears to blunt the PRL responses to MK-212. These findings may be explained by postulating a cooperativity between 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A /5-HT 2C receptors with regard to the 5-HT-dependent stimulation of PRL secretion.
Influence of Lipid Composition on Membrane Activity of Antimicrobial Phenylene Ethynylene Oligomers

Host defense peptides (HDPs), part of the innate immune system, selectively target the membranes of bacterial cells over that of host cells. As a result, their antimicrobial properties have been under intense study. Their selectivity strongly depends on the chemical and mostly structural properties of the lipids that make up different cell membranes. The ability to synthesize HDP mimics has recently been demonstrated. To better understand how these HDP mimics interact with bilayer membranes, three homologous antimicrobial oligomers (AMOs) 1-3 with an m-phenylene ethynylene backbone and alkyl amine side chains were studied. Among them, AMO 1 is nonactive, AMO 2 is specifically active, and AMO 3 is nonspecifically active against bacteria over human red blood cells, a standard model for mammalian cells. The interactions of these three AMOs with liposomes having different lipid compositions are characterized in detail using a fluorescent dye leakage assay. AMO 2 and AMO 3 caused more leakage than AMO 1 from bacteria membrane mimic liposomes composed of PE/PG lipids. The use of E. coli lipid vesicles gave the same results. Further changes of the lipid compositions revealed that AMO 2 has selectively higher affinity toward PE/PG and E. coli lipids than PC, PC/PG or PC/PS lipids, the major components of mammalian cell membranes. In contrast, AMO 3 is devoid of this lipid selectivity and interacts with all liposomes with equal ease; AMO 1 remains inactive. These observations suggest that lipid type and structure are more important in determining membrane selectivity than lipid headgroup charges for this series of HDP mimics.
Climate change at the ecosystem scale: a 50-year record in New Hampshire

Observing the full range of climate change impacts at the local scale is difficult. Predicted rates of change are often small relative to interannual variability, and few locations have sufficiently comprehensive long-term records of environmental variables to enable researchers to observe the fine-scale patterns that may be important to understanding the influence of climate change on biological systems at the taxon, community, and ecosystem levels. We examined a 50-year meteorological and hydrological record from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire, an intensively monitored Long-Term Ecological Research site. Of the examined climate metrics, trends in temperature were the most significant (ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 °C increase over 40–50 year records at 4 temperature stations), while analysis of precipitation and hydrologic data yielded mixed results. Regional records show generally similar trends over the same time period, though longer-term (70–102 year) trends are less dramatic. Taken together, the results from HBEF and the regional records indicate that the climate has warmed detectably over 50 years, with important consequences for hydrological processes. Understanding effects on ecosystems will require a diversity of metrics and concurrent ecological observations at a range of sites, as well as a recognition that ecosystems have existed in a directionally changing climate for decades, and are not necessarily in equilibrium with the current climate.
Contact Allergen Avoidance Program: a topical skin care product database.

Management of allergic contact dermatitis can be challenging for patients because of difficulties they encounter while attempting to avoid antigens identified by patch tests. The disorder is commonly caused by fragrances, preservatives, or other ingredients found in skin care products. After patch testing, the clinician routinely educates the patient on the sources of the antigens to which he or she is sensitive. Because typical allergen names are long, are difficult to spell, commonly have numerous complex synonyms, and are often frankly intimidating for patients, compliance with allergen avoidance is frequently problematic. We have developed a Contact Allergen Avoidance Program database tool that generates an extensive list of skin care products that are free of the given patient's allergens. It has been used clinically for 2 years to facilitate successful antigen avoidance and has been positively received by both patients and clinicians.
Premature Failure of a Riata Defibrillator Lead Without Impedance Change or Inappropriate Sensing: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Premature Failure of a Riata Defibrillator Lead. A 63-year-old woman with a St. Jude Medical Riata 1570 right ventricular lead complained of intermittent hiccups 2 months after implant. Interrogation revealed elevated pacing threshold and diaphragmatic stimulation. Pacing and shock lead impedances remained stable. No inappropriate sensing was noted. Fluoroscopic examination of the lead revealed a thin radio-opaque wire seen between the 2 defibrillator coils away from the main body of the lead. After extraction, a tear in the insulation of the lead was noted allowing the inner wire to protrude. This case illustrates a novel mechanism of insulation failure without inappropriate sensing or impedance change. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 1070-1072, September 2011)
Performance of a direct-detection active matrix flat panel dosimeter (AMFPD) for IMRT measurements

The dosimetric performance of a direct-detection active matrix flat panel dosimeter (AMFPD) is reported for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) measurements. The AMFPD consists of a-Si:H photodiodes and thin-film transistors deposited on a glass substrate with no overlying scintillator screen or metal plate. The device is operated at 0.8 frames per second in a continuous acquisition or fluoroscopic mode. The effect of the applied bias voltage across the photodiodes on the response of the AMFPD was evaluated because this parameter affects dark signal, lag contributions, and pixel sensitivity. In addition, the AMPFD response was evaluated as a function of dose, dose rate, and energy, for static fields at 10 cm depth. In continuous acquisition mode, the AMFPD maintained a linear dose response (r{sup 2}>0.99999) up to at least 1040 cGy. In order to obtain reliable integrated dose results for IMRT fields, the effects of lag on the radiation signal were minimized by operating the system at the highest frame rate and at an appropriate reverse bias voltage. Segmental MLC and dynamic MLC IMRT fields were measured with the AMFPD, and the results were compared to film, using standard methods for reliable film dosimetry. Both AMFPD and film measurements were independentlymore » converted to dose in cGy. {gamma} and {chi} values were calculated as indices of agreement. The results from the AMFPD were in excellent agreement with those from film. When 2% of D{sub max} and 2 mm of distance to agreement were used as the criteria, 98% of the region of interest (defined as the region where dose is greater than 5% of D{sub max}) satisfied |{chi}|{<=}1 on average across the cases that were tested.« less
Minimally invasive surgery in gynecologic oncology: a review of modalities and the literature

Minimally invasive surgery is one of the newest and most exciting areas of development in procedural medicine. This field shows tremendous potential to increase therapeutic benefit while minimizing some of the painful or dangerous side effects of surgical interventions. Minimally invasive surgery has strong historic ties to the field of gynecology and has come a long way as technology and techniques have improved. This has increasingly allowed the application of laparoscopy to more complex procedures and the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. Three laparoscopic approaches, traditional laparoscopy, robotic assisted laparoscopy and laparoendoscopic single-site surgery are reviewed here. We discuss the basic approaches to these three laparoscopic techniques, and then review their applications in gynecologic oncology. We also touch on the evidence behind outcomes associated with their use.
Do common factors account for counseling outcome

This study drew from common factors as an explanatory model for how counseling produces client change. Client self-report measures for 3 common factors—client factors, client–counselor relationship factors, and client expectancy factors—were examined at a counseling training clinic. Regression analyses revealed that 2 factors significantly predicted treatment outcome: client expectancy and the therapeutic alliance. One variable from client factors—abuse history—had a nonsignificant but modest relationship with outcome.
Muscle bio-energetics in acute glycolytic block: in vivo phosphorus-nuclear magnetic resonance study of iodo-acetate injected rats.

In vivo phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of muscle was performed at rest, during work and during postexercise recovery in rats injected with iodo-acetate (IA) (35–40 mg· kg−1, intra-arterially), in order to follow bio-energetic changes in muscle with acute glycolytic block. Three animals with contracture had very low ratios of phosphocreatine: inorganic phosphate (PCr∶Pi) at rest (0.5–0.9). The PCr∶Pi were normal at rest (6.9±2.0,±2 SD) in all other rats. Exercise-induced continuous accumulation of phosphomonoesters (PME), the characteristic finding of glycolytic block, was observed. The end-exercise levels of PME correlated with the degree of block measured in vitro. During steady-state work, induced by nerve stimulation at four frequencies, PCr∶Pi values were significantly lower (p<0.02) than the control values at 0.25, 1.0 and 2.0 Hz. The ATP levels fell during exercise to reach 75%±7% of initial values. The recovery of PCr∶Pi from exercise and the disappearance of PME were slow. Two animals which survived the IA injection demonstrated much lower PME accumulation 18 h later. It is concluded that in acute muscle glycolytic block: (1) energy metabolism is impaired during exercise and also at rest, (2) accumulating PME can serve as an indicator of the degree of glycolytic block, (3) ATP levels fall during work, and (4) postexercise recovery is slow. The findings are compared with31P-NMR observations in chronic muscle glycolytic disorders.
Mixed effects of deep brain stimulation on depressive symptomatology in Parkinson's disease: a review of randomized clinical trials

Although ~50% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience depression, treatment for this important and debilitating comorbidity is relatively understudied. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been increasingly utilized for the management of tremors in progressive PD. Several preliminary studies have shown the potential benefit of DBS for non-motor PD symptoms such as depression. Here, we critically evaluate seven recent randomized clinical trials of the effectiveness of DBS in reducing depressive symptomatology among individuals with PD. Findings are mixed for the effectiveness of DBS as a treatment for depression in PD. Our review suggests that this is due, in large part, to the anatomical and methodological variation across the DBS studies. We provide a comprehensive discussion of these variations and highlight the need to conduct larger, more controlled studies aimed specifically at evaluating the treatment of depression in PD patients.
Infixing reduplication in Pima and its theoretical consequences

Pima (Uto-Aztecan, central Arizona) pluralizes nouns via partial reduplication. The amount of material copied varies between a single C (mavit / ma-m-vit ‘lion(s)’) and CV (hodai / ho-ho-dai ‘rock(s)’). The former is preferred unless copying a single C would give rise to an illicit coda or cluster, in which case CV is copied. In contrast to previous analyses of similar patterns in Tohono O’odham and Lushootseed, I analyze the reduplicant as an infix rather than a prefix. The infixation of the reduplicant can be generated via constraints requiring the first vowel of the stem to correspond to the first vowel of the word. Furthermore, the preference for copying the initial consonant of the word can be generated by extending positional faithfulness to the base-reduplicant relationship. I argue that the infixation analysis is superior on two grounds. First, it reduces the C vs. CV variation to an instance of reduplicant size conditioned by phonotactics. Second, unlike the prefixation analyses, which must introduce a new notion of faithfulness to allow syncope in the base just in the context of reduplication (e.g. “existential faithfulness” (Struijke 2000a)), the infixation analysis uses only independently necessary constraints of Correspondence Theory.
Pregnane-X-Receptor Controls Hepatic Glucuronidation During Pregnancy and Neonatal Development in Humanized UGT1 Mice

In humanized UDP glucuronosyltransferase-1 (hUGT1) mice that express the entire UGT1 locus, the maternal hepatic UGT1A genes are dramatically induced 12-14 days after conception. Steroid induction of the UGT1A1 gene indicates that xenobiotic sensors, such as the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), may underlie the induction process. In contrast, neonatal hUGT1 mice display severe hyperbilirubinemia, with limited expression of the UGT1A genes. This study identifies PXR as both a positive and negative regulator of the UGT1A1 gene. Pregnancy hormones, in particular the glucocorticoids, target PXR as a positive regulator of human glucuronidation. Employing reverse genetics, where PXR has been genetically deleted, hUGT1/Pxr−/− mice show limited induction of the liver UGT1A genes during pregnancy, whereas the exact opposite occurs in newborn mice. Neonatal hUGT1 mice show delayed expression of hepatic UGT1A1 and are severely hyperbilirubinemic. However, in hUGT1/Pxr−/− mice, hyperbilirubinemia is greatly reduced due to induction of hepatic UGT1A1. Thus, PXR serves to repress UGT1A1 gene expression during development. Transcriptional silencing of the UGT1A1 gene was relieved in neonatal hUGT1 hepatocytes through interruption of PXR by small interfering RNA. Conclusion: PXR is a key regulator of pregnancy induced glucuronidation capacity in addition to modulating the severity of neonatal jaundice. (Hepatology 2012;56:658–667)
A counterexample to a theorem of S. Piccard

Abstract A pair of homometric sets having all distinct elements in the set of element differences has been found, in contradiction to a theorem of S. Piccard which disallowed their existence.
Cotenancy and competition in an experimental auction market for natural gas pipeline networks

This research investigates the use of a "smart" computer-assisted auction mechanism for the allocation of resources within a network of commodity flows. The type of network that we examine has many of the economic properties of the natural gas pipeline industry. In fact this research was originally motivated by specific concerns about the impact of federal regulation on the economic performance of the natural gas industry. However, we believe that the ideas developed here have potential application in other network environments such as electricity generation and transmission, the provision of various transportation and communication services, and scheduling in multiprocessing computing environments.1 Here are some prominent features of the gas industry:
Characterization of uronic-acid-rich inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization isolated from rat urine

Human urine contains several macromolecules which inhibit calcium oxalate crystallization. Uronic-acid-rich protein (UAP), a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 35 kDa, is one such inhibitor. Here we report the characterization of UAP extracted from rat urine using three chromatographic steps including diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-300 and Mono Q column and compare it with human UAP. The molecular weight of rat UAP (UAPr) is similar to that of human UAP (UAPh), being approximately 35 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Their amino acid compositions are identical, they contain a high percentage of aspartic and glutamic acids and they react positively in the carbazole reaction, suggesting that they contain uronic acid. The inhibitory activities of UAPh and UAPr were assayed on a calcium oxalate crystallization system in vitro using [45Ca]calcium chloride. Both exert a strong inhibition, suggesting that UAPr, like UAPh, plays an important role in preventing and reducing calcium oxalate crystallization in the urine. On Western blot analysis, both UAPh and UAPr immunoreact with inter-α-trypsin inhibitor (ITI) antibody. Nevertheless, using the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion technique, there was no precipitation line between ITI antibody and UAP. Therefore, we hypothesize that UAP is related to ITI and that they may have the same epitope but are not completely identical. We conclude that UAP belongs to the ITI superfamily of macromolecules which contribute to the regulation of the calcium oxalate crystallization process.
Nonlinear analysis of laminated, antisymmetric, flat plates subjected to eccentric compression

Abstract A nonlinear analysis of simply supported, antisymmetric, angle-ply rectangular plates under uniform axial compression is presented. The solution is based on von Karman's equations for large deflections. A double Fourier series solution is assumed for both the stress function and the transverse deflection. Numerical results are obtained for plates made of graphite/epoxy. Results obtained for square plates are compared favorably with those obtained by a different solution scheme. The effect of plate aspect ratio and the effect of load eccentricity on the response characteristics of the plate are investigated. In some of the studies the number of layers is varied.
Emotional Distress Dispositions and Crisis Intervention for Children Treated for Mental Illness

We studied 1,397 youth undergoing treatment in a multi-program, multiservice agency serving vulnerable youth in both community and residential settings, testing for associations between four indicators of youth’s emotional distress dispositions and the frequency of crisis events demanding a crisis response within the first 6 months of youth’s participation in a treatment program. We addressed individual and program-level research aims employing a two-level hierarchical model considering both individual and program levels of influence. Results indicated the presence of strong associations for youth’s anger control and frustration management issues, a weaker association for anxiety/anxious disposition, and no significant association for irritability/poor self-control problems. Aggregate emotional distress differences for youth in school, probation, wraparound, residential, or community mental health programming contributed little beyond emotional distress differences among individual youth. Consistent with psychological theory, clinically measured emotional distress dispositions prompt significant behavioral disruption for youth in residential placements as well as in community settings, and they can be detected early in treatment for guiding remedial efforts.
A study on the effects of chaotic mixer design and operating conditions on morphology development in immiscible polymer systems

Self-similar mixing structures, a novel feature of chaotic mixing, were generated in this study as precursor to an array of mixing microstructures, such as nested layers, elongated fibrils, droplets and their combinations in the blending of two immiscible polymers, polypropylene (PP) and polyamide-6 (PA6). Simulations based on Newtonian flow model were used to compute Poincare maps and stretching distribution as the tools for investigation of the effect of shear gap and chaotic mixing parameter, such as angular displacement per period (θ) of rotors, on the degree of mixing and morphology development in a batch chaotic mixing device. It was found that a value of θ = 1440° provided the conditions for fastest conversion of the PP-phase into droplets for the same total strain. A 25% reduction in shear gap from 0.0127 m to 0.0095 m gave rise to much more uniform mixing of the components and led to faster conversion of the PP-phase into droplets for the same value of θ and the same total strain. A very large fraction (>90%) of the droplets generated fell below the equilibrium size and were found to be much smaller than those produced by twin-screw extrusion method. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:407–422, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
P01-77 - Caffeine related disorders: learning from our patients

Introduction Caffeine is sometimes used to maintain alertness and performance enhancement. Caffeine can induce psychosis in healthy patients as well as exacerbate psychotic symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders. One patient, a 22 year old man in the United States of America, with a past psychiatric history significant for childhood trauma presented to the emergency department in acute distress secondary to racing thoughts, formication, persecutory auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, delusions of control, paranoia and high risk behaviors after five straight nights without sleep. Objectives Behavioral health professionals will be able to recognize symptoms of caffeine intoxication, compare different presentations of caffeine intoxication and identify caffeine related disorders per DSMIV-TR. They will also be able to examine the complex factors, including use of caffeinated energy drinks, which contributed to the admission of this patient to an inpatient psychiatric unit for stabilization of acute psychotic symptoms. Aims Educate behavioral health care providers and stimulate discussion of the use of caffeine in different patient populations. Methods Use case-based learning to achieve objectives and aims above. Results Caffeine use can result in the appearance of symptoms consistent with depression, anxiety and psychosis. Conclusions Psychiatric patients, as well as the general population, would benefit to receive education on caffeine consumption and overuse.