cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perilestes Castor and P. Pollux, New Dragonflies from Ecuador, with Notes on P. Kahli (Odonata: Lestidae)

The following descriptions and notes are on material collected by the Indian crew of William Clarke-Macintyre on the headwaters of the Rio Napo, a tributary of the Amazon in the Province of Oriente, Ecuador. It is a region of swift jungle streams at an elevation of 500 to 800 meters above sea-level.
Effects of Ultra Violet Radiations on the Bean Weevil, Bruchus Obtectus Say

The rapid progress made during recent years in the study of light as a physical phenomenon has suggested the desirability of further investigations in the field of optics with reference to insects. A review of the results obtained from previous studies of ultra violet light as a factor in physiological processes indicates that the chemically active rays of shorter wave length have a pronounced effect upon the general functions of any organism. This effect has been revealed in modifications of both metabolism and movement. The bactericidal action of ultra violet light has been substantiated by numerous experiments. Research in the field of medicine amply demonstrated the injurious effects of prolonged exposure to ultra violet irradiations both to the skin and eyes of humans. Seide (4) found the females of Hydatina senta were killed after irradiation for five minutes with ultra violet and 70 percent of the eggs carried by irradiated females were injured. Geigy (2) reports abnormalities in Drosophila caused by treatment with ultra violet light. Prolonged exposure to radiant energy of shorter wave length may be detrimental to many kinds of animals, and some of the general effects of this energy upon the common bean weevil are reported in the present work.
Recovering the histories of women religious in England in the central Middle Ages: Wilton Abbey and Goscelin of Saint-Bertin

ABSTRACTBuilding upon the efforts made by scholars over the past 20 years to enrich our understanding of the vibrancy and sophistication of the literary cultures fostered within English communities of women religious during the central Middle Ages, this article shows that these women kept their communities' histories and preserved their saints' cults through their own writing. The evidence for this is uncovered through comparative analysis of the two extant versions of the post-mortem miracles of the late Anglo-Saxon saint Edith of Wilton (c.961–c.984): the Vita et translatio Edithe, composed c.1080 by the Flemish hagiographer Goscelin of Saint-Bertin (c.1040–d. after 1107), and the early fifteenth-century Middle English Wilton Chronicle. This analysis reveals that the writer of the Chronicle depended on a collection of Edith's and other Wilton saints' miracles that was maintained by their consorors throughout the late tenth and eleventh centuries, independently of Goscelin's account.
Nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra of Δ24- and C-24 saturated steroids

The infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of eight Delta(24)-steroids and nine C-24 saturated steroids were examined. NMR spectra allow unambiguous assignment of the biologically important Delta(24)-bond; introduction of a Delta(24)-bond causes the appearance of peaks at Delta 1.60 and 1.68 associated with the C-26, C-27 isopropylidene methyls, while C-24 saturated steroids of the cholestane series possess peaks at Delta 0.82 and 0.91 associated with the C-26, C-27 gem-dimethyls. IR spectra show a good correlation between the introduction of a Delta(24)-bond and a marked decrease in intensity of a band at 1365 cm(-1). NMR and IR spectra also allow an inference about the presence and location of nuclear double bonds in Ring B of cholesterol precursors.
Relationship between quality measures criterion of tetrahedral mesh

The quality measures criterion of tetrahedral model have been used to assess applicability.However,it lacks a recognized standard for such measures.This paper reviews the existing quality measures criterion in tetrahedral mesh generation and presents a rigorous proving of the relationship among various measures.The derived relationship among quality measures is experimented numerically.It concludes that in the optimization of a tetrahedral model,a single evaluation is not sufficient to ensure the quality.Instead,a hybrid(combined with multiple measures) method may be used to evaluate the quality of tetrahedral mesh model.
Channel learning in indoor localization

This work addresses the fundamental issue of online channel learning in indoor localization systems. We describe a novel algorithm for unsupervised channel learning where the path loss exponent in the Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) region is adapted online while positioning. The algorithm has scalable complexity and is shown to provide significant improvement over non-adaptive systems.
Animal Models of Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathophysiology and Implications for Rehabilitation

This article explains how animal models can be utilized to develop rehabilitation strategies to help treat the pathophysiology of neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) and illustrates how these models can be used to test the effects of physical interventions, such as exercise, stretching, and immobilization, in this setting.
Self-efficacy and Academic Achievement: The Role of Neighborhood Cultural Context

This paper investigates how neighborhood cultural context shapes academic achievement. Drawing on contemporary conceptualization of culture and recent evidence of the importance of neighborhood cul...
Out of Africa and into Stoichiometry

The development of ideas leading to the concept of ecological stoichiometry is detailed. Initial work on biogeochemistry of African lakes by P. Kilham led to the development of freshwater diatom physiology to test his silica hypothesis. Further resource experiments on P-limited diatoms by Tilman and his tests of competition led to the discovery that species-specific Si:P ratios were important in determining the outcomes of competition. It became clear that stoichiometry was the clue to understanding plankton community structure. P. Kilham’s continued work on biogeochemistry of African inland waters led to his summary paper about geochemical processes controlling water chemistry and to several joint papers exploring the differences between temperate and tropical lakes. We proposed that biological control of elemental cycles dominates in tropical lakes year round, whereas nutrient cycles in temperate lakes are dominated by physical processes for a large part of the year, resulting in fundamental differences in nutrient regeneration. Following P. Kilham’s death in 1989, S. Kilham continued to test resource ratio theory in collaboration with Theriot and Interlandi in phytoplankton communities in the large lakes of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Resource ratios of Si, P, N, and light were surprisingly variable and complex in time and space over the growing season. Diatom community structure could be largely explained by each common species’ unique 4D resource signature. It was further observed that the phytoplankton species diversity had a direct significant relationship to the number of potentially limiting resources.
Political turnover and the accumulation of democratic capital

Abstract Certain democratic institutions tend to persist in some countries whereas they are frequently reversed in others. Focusing on strong constraints on executive power as one such institution, this paper theoretically studies the cross-country differences in the costs of relaxing these constraints. The model features two political parties that stochastically alternate in office according to a political uncertainty parameter. In each period, the incumbent can make reversible investments into the future government's ability to reform executive constraints. The main results indicate that more competitive elections and higher degrees of policy polarization between the political parties lead to high and persistent levels of investment into the society's stock of “democratic capital”. These higher costs of institutional reform in turn result in durable strong executive constraint-regimes.
Psychosis subgroups differ in intrinsic neural activity but not task-specific processing

Individuals with psychosis often show high levels of intrinsic, or nonspecific, neural activity, but attenuated stimulus-specific activity. Clementz et al. (2016) proposed that one subgroup of psychosis cases has accentuated intrinsic activity (Biotype-2's) and a different subgroup (Biotype-1's) has diminished intrinsic activity, with both groups exhibiting varying degrees of cognitive deficits. This model was studied by assessing neural activity in psychosis probands (N=105) during baseline and a 5second period in preparation for a pro-/anti-saccade task. Steady-state stimuli allowed real-time assessment of modulation of visuocortical investment to different target locations. Psychosis probands as a whole showed poor antisaccade performance. As expected, Biotype-1 showed diminished intrinsic neural activity and the worst behavior, and Biotype-2 showed accentuated intrinsic activity and less deviant behavior. Both of these groups also exhibited less dynamic oscillatory phase synchrony. Biotype-3 showed no neurophysiological differences from healthy individuals, despite a history of psychosis. Interestingly, all psychosis subgroups showed normal (i.e., not different from healthy) preparatory modulation of visuocortical investment as a function of cognitive demands, despite varying levels of task performance. Similar analyses conducted subgrouping cases by psychotic symptomatology revealed fewer and less consistent differences, including no intrinsic activity differences between any clinical subgroup and healthy individuals. This study illustrates that (i) differences in intrinsic neural activity may be a fundamental characteristic of psychosis and need to be evaluated separately from stimulus-specific responses, and (ii) grouping patients based on multidimensional classification using neurobiological data may have advantages for resolving heterogeneity and clarifying illness mechanisms relative to traditional psychiatric diagnoses.
New Rodent Population Models May Inform Human Health Risk Assessment and Identification of Genetic Susceptibility to Environmental Exposures

Background: This paper provides an introduction for environmental health scientists to emerging population-based rodent resources. Mouse reference populations provide an opportunity to model enviro...
Interpersonal dysfunction in borderline personality: a decision neuroscience perspective

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by disadvantageous decisions that are often expressed in close relationships and associated with intense negative emotions. Although functional neuroimaging studies of BPD have described regions associated with altered social cognition and emotion processing, these correlates do not inform an understanding of how brain activity leads to maladaptive choices. Drawing on recent research, we argue that formal models of decision-making are crucial to elaborating theories of BPD that bridge psychological constructs, behavior, and neural systems. We propose that maladaptive interactions between Pavlovian and instrumental influences play a crucial role in the expression of interpersonal problems. Finally, we articulate specific hypotheses about how clinical features of BPD may map onto neural systems that implement separable decision processes.
Cardiovascular manifestations of HIV infection

Dr Barbaro (August 2001, JRSM, pp. 384-390) briefly mentions selenium deficiency as a contributing factor in the development of cardiomyopathy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cardiomyopathy similar to Keshan disease has been well documented in HIV patients1 and those on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)2. TPN is deficient not only in selenium but also in other micronutrients including vitamin E3, and this may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. In animals, combined vitamin E and selenium deficiency can impair cardiac conduction4 and hence facilitate the development of disease. Selenium is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)5, and this enzyme together with catalase, superoxide dismutase, and vitamin E provides a line of defence against pro-oxidant molecules. In the absence of selenium, GPX is inactive and low GPX is found in HIV disease5. GPX activity increases after selenium supplementation5. Also the oxidative muscle damage produced by zidovudine treatment can be prevented with anti-oxidants6. TPN is increasingly being used in HIV and other chronic illness. Adequate supplementation of selenium in TPN and in malnourished patients might protect against the development of cardiomyopathy in these patients. To date, there are no official guidelines regarding the use of selenium in TPN.
Postoperative Surgical Site Infections: Understanding the Discordance Between Surveillance Systems.

Objective:To characterize agreement in the ascertainment of surgical site infections (SSIs) between the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), and administrative data.Background:The NSQIP, NHSN, and administrative data are the primary system
Organizational Social Capital: Ties Between HRD, Employee Voice, and CEOs:

Growing employee voice increases the likelihood that employees will engage in discretionary efforts to share potentially useful information, express opinions, or concerns about work-related issues ...
Personality Characteristics, Reactivity, and Cardiovascular Disease

The objectives of the present chapter are two-fold. One is to survey personality characteristics that have been investigated in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or reactivity. The second is to call attention to some of the issues that need to be considered by researchers who investigate possible associations between personality and reactivity. An important overarching consideration for this area of inquiry is that personality characteristics operate within a framework of other variables and processes to potentially affect reactivity. In other words, a personality characteristic does not influence reactivity or relate to CVD separately or directly but in the context of other variables and processes. A useful approach for considering the relation between personality characteristics, reactivity, and CVD is in the structure of a model of affective and motivational arousal will be briefly outlined here that underscores a sequence of events and an interplay between variables.
Classical Theory of Thermal Criticality

Spontaneous combustion is an unnerving condition whereby a substance suddenly bursts into flames for no apparent reason, that is, in the absence of an obvious ignition source. Some materials are pyrophoric, meaning that they burn spontaneously when exposed to room temperature air. In other words, pyrophoric materials are distinguished by the fact that their auto-ignition temperature is below room temperature. This quality is not a property of the material only, but also depends on its physical form. Some materials (e.g., magnesium) are pyrophoric only when finely powdered such that the surface area to volume ratio is very large.
“It’s Business; We’re Soldiers”: The Sopranos , Liberal Business Ethics, and this American Thing of Ours

I’m not sure how many connected men I’ve met in my life. At least three. Likely more. The number seems high to me as I’ve lived most of my life in the quiet American Midwest – not a hot-bed of Cosa Nostra activity by most regards. And yet, I have . . . stories. When I was just out of my first year of college I was in search of a summer job and thus came to tutor the only son of a rich Italian businessman in a town in Illinois. The boy was attending summer High School and it was my job to see he passed every class, especially the math and science courses, his greatest challenges. We worked for hours each day (it was a struggle; he bore more than a passing resemblance to A. J. Soprano in body as well as mind); and I would reward myself most nights by accepting the hospitality of the family, especially happy to take home a Tupperware container of the mother’s manicotti or the grandmother’s freshly made and frozen cassatta siciliana – exotic foods to my Ohio-born, Hamburger Helperacquainted, Velveeta-accustomed palate. In my memories, twisted and interpreted as memories necessarily are, the grandmother was a lovely stereotype. Not a scheming Livia Soprano, but a Hollywood creation nonetheless: the happy Italian nonna committed to her family, talking about “the Old Country” with a tear in her eye, offering food as the solution to all of life’s problems. She had been born in Italy and moved to the U.S. as a young girl; and after more than seventy years in this county she still seemed “Italian” to me in a way that was somehow deeper than her son. Is thinking in such a stereotype itself somehow immoral? Was I wrong to think this way? Am I wrong to remember this way? Was I wrong to care so much for this woman and her family, knowing – no, not quite knowing – but “knowing” how it was that the bills were paid? Where is the beginning and the end of my own complicity? Have another plate of mani-got for now, my “adopted” grandmother would say. Don’t worry. You’ll figure it all out tomorrow.
Gauging the Development of Economic Literacy in an Introductory Undergraduate Economics Course

A growing interest in reconstituting undergraduate economics principles courses around conceptions of economic literacy has sparked debate among economic educators about the appropriate content of such courses. A related issue concerns the question of how such learning might be gauged. This issue ties in with the movement toward increased accountability for the effectiveness of instruction on student learning, that is, student learning outcomes assessment. After first reviewing these issues, this paper describes how the development of economic literacy was measured in one case, an undergraduate economics course, and compares these results with those found in other studies. This is followed by a discussion of the pedagogical issues which arise in efforts to develop students' economic literacy. The pedagogical approach employed in the case study - the employment of active learning methods - is then described in some detail.
Opioids should not be prescribed for chronic pain after spinal cord injury

Most people with spinal cord injury (SCI) have chronic pain and effective treatments have not been identified. Within the first two decades of the 21st century, opioids have been commonly prescribed in an attempt to manage pain after SCI, however, the risks and absence of benefit of opioids have become more apparent as opioid crises have developed around the world. This perspective is an argument for why opioids should no longer be prescribed to treat chronic pain after SCI.
Polish Banks on the Road to Recovery

An American economist, whose writings concentrate on the economic reform in Poland, presents an assessment of the country's banking sector in late 1996. Tracing the banks' road to recovery through the partly reformed socialist economy of the 1980s, the author emphasizes the subsequent developments in the 1990s. He discusses the evolution of commercial banking, detailing the consequences of recapitalization and privatization as well as of loan consolidation and competition from foreign banks, the latter viewed as potentially beneficial to the country's economy. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: G21, N20, P34. 1 table, 18 references.
Attempted Synthesis of Tricyclo[3.3.2.024]DEC-2(4)-ENE

Abstract The synthesis of tricyclo[3.3.2.02,4]-dec-2(4)-ene (3) has been attempted using a route analogous to those previously developed for 1 and 2. Complications were encountered in the synthesis. The conformational problems of the larger polycyclic structures in the synthesis of 3 must be more difficult to overcome than the increased angle strain of the smaller rings when 1 or 2 are synthesized.
Hydroxylamine Oxidation on Polycrystalline Gold Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes: Quantitative On‐Line Mass Spectrometry under Forced Convection

Herein, a method is presented that allows quantitative determination of faradaic efficiencies for dinitrogen (N2 ) generation during the electrochemical oxidation of hydroxylamine (NH2 OH), f N 2 N H 2 O H , on a polycrystalline gold Au(poly) disk electrode in aqueous electrolytes over a wide pH range. This tactic involves the use of an impinging jet electrolyte configuration incorporating a gas porous ring connected in turn to a mass spectrometer. The actual amount of N2 generated at the Au(poly) disk was assayed using the oxidation of hydrazine (N2 H4 ) in aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 7). This redox process yields N2 as the only product, allowing a direct correlation to be established between the changes in the partial pressures of N2 and the current flowing through the disk electrode. An analysis of the data collected revealed a strong dependence of f N 2 N H 2 O H both on pH and the applied potential. Although values of f N 2 N H 2 O H as high as 20 to 30 % were found in acid and neutral media over a narrow potential region, those in alkaline solution were far smaller in the entire potential range examined.
Utilization of excess corn kernels for hydrogen gas biofuel production

Abstract Corn kernels are good candidates for production of various value-added products such as gas biofuel, hydrogen due to the carbohydrate-rich composition. In this study, widely grown corn, field corn kernels were dissolved in subcritical water at different temperatures to determine optimal thermal hydrolysis condition. Organic-rich hydrolysate obtained from hydrolysis process was gasified by aqueous-phase reforming (APR) for hydrogen gas production. Since hydrolysis at 200 °C resulted in significantly more total organic carbon release than other temperatures and the lowest amount of insolubilized solid residue. Different concentrations of this hydrolysate (diluted with water at different ratios) were evaluated for high yielding hydrogen gas production. Gasification performance of corn kernels was also compared with lignocellulosic biomass using corn stover as a representative biomass material. The hydrolysate with 2486 mg/L TOC concentration showed the best performance for hydrogen gas production (130 mL H2/g corn) and left less amount of ungasified solid residue. Corn kernels produced 2.3 times more hydrogen gas compared to corn stover biomass. Thus, corn kernels are promising feed materials for APR process, and excess production of corn can be utilized for hydrogen gas production in higher yield and richer composition.
Headsprout: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

Reading is a crucial skill for students to develop, not only as they enter school but also as they continue throughout K-12 education. Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) is one means of providing supplemental support for students to build the foundational key areas of reading—so they can use reading to learn in later schooling years. One such CAI program that exists in the marketplace is Headsprout, which includes both an Early Reading and Reading Comprehension component. To date, no peer-reviewed studies have conducted a systematic review of the effectiveness of Headsprout on the five key areas of reading in the school setting. The most recent governmental review was completed almost a decade ago. As such, the purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing literature base to determine the level of evidence for each component’s effectiveness on each of the key areas of reading and identify existing avenues of future research. Results indicated tentative support for both components in some of the key areas of reading based on effect sizes, though there were a limited number of studies and the methodological rigor of included studies did not always meet What Works Clearinghouse standards. Implications for educators and researchers are discussed.
Temporal-Spatial Visualization of Endogenous Chromosome Rearrangements in Living Cells

Abstract Visualizing the real-time dynamics of genome rearrangement in single living cells is core to studying genomics and diagnostics. Here, we report a robust, versatile approach named CRISPR Live-cell fluorescent in situhybridization (LiveFISH) for multi-locus genome tracking and cytogenetic detection in a broad variety of cell types including primary cells. LiveFISH utilizes an intrinsic stability switch of CRISPR guide RNAs, which enables efficient and accurate detection of chromosomal disorders such as Patau Syndrome in prenatal amniotic fluid cells and allows multi-locus tracking in human T lymphocytes. Using LiveFISH, we are able to detect and track real-time spatiotemporal dynamics of non-homologous endogenous chromosome translocations induced by gene editing. This new approach enables FISH imaging in living primary cells, which can provide useful insights into the spatiotemporal changes of genome organization and rearrangements in normal and diseased primary cells and will enable fast cytogenetic visualization of various gene-editing associated chromosomal translocations.
Novel metal-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: exploratory study (Conference Presentation)

Ruthenium and osmium-based photosensitizers (PS) are compounds of interest for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These PS’s can be activated by light wavelengths in the range of 400-675 nm, which can be selected based on the tumor environment, treatment area, and available light sources. The objective of this study was to explore these PS’s for the treatment of several relatively aggressive cancer cell lines. A human adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) was treated with ruthenium-based compounds at concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 uM, followed by light treatment of 93 J/cm2 at either 532 nm or 630 nm. Similarly, osmium-based compounds were used to treat A549, murine melanoma (B16F10) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCCVII) cell lines at concentrations of 0.05, 1, or 3 uM, followed by light treatment of 93 J/cm2 at 630 nm. Cells survival was assessed 24 hours after PDT treatment using either alamarBlue or MTT cell viability assays. In-vitro MTT viability assays revealed that ruthenium-based compounds activated with 630 nm light showed high SCCVII cell toxicity at 5uM. AlamarBlue assays have shown that ruthenium based compounds activated by 532 nm light show high A549 cell toxicity at 1uM in-vitro. Osmium-based compounds showed optimal PDT-mediated cytotoxicity in SCCVII, A549, and B16F10 cell lines at a concentration of 1uM activated by 630 nm light, while exhibiting minimal dark toxicity. The Ruthenium and Osmium-based compounds are potentially potent PSs against lung, melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma cells, in-vitro.
Comparison of Survival After Mohs Micrographic Surgery vs Wide Margin Excision for Early-Stage Invasive Melanoma.

Importance Melanoma is among the most common malignant neoplasms in the United States, with 91 270 cases estimated to be diagnosed in 2018. Since 2012, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has gained popularity in the treatment of melanoma in situ. Although current guidelines for invasive melanoma without nodal metastases recommend surgery with wide margin excision (WME), use of MMS for this disease has increased as well, particularly in early stages. How the survival outcomes after each procedure compare with one another for early-stage invasive melanoma is unknown to date. Objective To evaluate overall survival of patients with stage I melanoma defined by the American Joint Committee on CancerCancer Staging Manual, 8th edition(AJCC-8) after MMS vs traditional WME. Design, Setting, and Analysis This retrospective cohort study includes all patients with AJCC-8 stage I melanoma who underwent MMS or WME in the National Cancer Database with a diagnosis from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2014. The National Cancer Database includes all reportable cases from Commission on Cancer–accredited facilities and represents approximately 50% of all newly diagnosed melanoma cases in the United States. Data were analyzed from November 13, 2018, through June 9, 2019. Exposures MMS vs WME. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall survival evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results A total of 70 319 eligible patients (52.3% male and 47.7% female; median [SD] age, 57.0 [16.2] years) were identified, including 67 085 treated with WME and 3234 treated with MMS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression survival analysis controlling for clinical and tumor factors revealed that treatment with MMS was associated with a modest improvement in overall survival relative to WME (hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.97). Propensity score–matched analysis of cohorts of patients treated with MMS vs WME also found modestly improved survival for those treated with MMS (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.98). Academic facilities were more likely to use MMS than nonacademic facilities (odds ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.88-2.18). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that Mohs surgery may provide an alternative approach to traditional WME for appropriately selected cases of AJCC-8 stage I melanoma without compromising patient survival.
Development of a culturally informed protocol for hair cortisol sampling in Black women

This article describes the development of a culturally informed hair collection protocol for cortisol research with Black women. We first conducted a formative research study investigating the acceptability of hair cortisol sampling for African-American college women, where acceptance reached 54%. Findings, including the reasons reported for participation, were then used to develop a culturally informed hair sampling protocol for two studies in a community setting where acceptance improved to 75%. Specific barriers to hair sampling for research in this population were supported. Recommendations to increase participation in hair sampling are provided.
The Telecommunications Act of 1996, the Takings Clause, and Tensions in Property Theory

This Article draws on general property scholarship about takings law to evaluate the telecommunications law and scholarship to date on takings challenges to the local-exchange provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (“the Act,” or “the 1996 Act”). In 1996, the Federal Communications Commission implemented regulations to execute these local-exchange provisions. These statutory provisions and regulations require the Baby Bells and other localexchange carriers (“the incumbents”) to interconnect their exchanges to the facilities of competing local-service providers (“the competitors”). The incumbents have challenged these laws and regulations on several fronts, particularly for failing adequately to compensate the incumbents for their historical costs, the costs they have invested in building or maintaining the physical infrastructure that constitutes the local exchanges. In the 2002 decision Verizon Corp. v. FCC, 3 the U.S. Supreme Court broadly upheld these regulations against statutory and administrative-law challenge, but largely declined to review the incumbents’ constitutional claims under the Takings Clause. Those takings claims promise to raise particularly difficult issues of policy and constitutional law as they proceed to trial in different jurisdictions. This Article takes a modest step toward clarifying the grounds of debate about these takings claims Before proceeding, I hasten to warn that many of the most relevant policy issues are beyond the scope of this Article. These issues raise serious questions about the economics and business of the telecommunications industry, but I am neither an economist nor a telecommunications specialist. Rather, in the spirit of this Symposium, I hope to use some of the tensions in and lessons from general property theory to shed light on the more industry-specific and policy-oriented issues raised by the local-exchange provisions of the 1996 Act.
Land Use Land Cover Change and Urban Growth in Khoms District, Libya, 1976−2015

Rapid and unplanned urbanization presents a formidable challenge to sustainable urban growth in most developing countries. This study applies Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing ...
Altruistic food sharing behavior by human infants after a hunger manipulation.

Altruistic behavior entails giving valuable benefits to others while incurring a personal cost. A distinctively human form of altruistic behavior involves handing nutritious food to needy strangers, even when one desires the food. Engaging in altruistic food transfer, instead of keeping the food, is costly, because it reduces the caloric intake of the benefactor vis-a-vis the beneficiary. Human adults engage in this form of altruistic behavior during times of war and famine, when giving food to others threatens one’s own survival. Our closest living primate relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus), exhibit notable constraints on the proclivity to engage in such food transfer (particularly chimpanzees), although they share many social-cognitive commonalities with humans. Here we show that in a nonverbal test, 19-month-old human infants repeatedly and spontaneously transferred high-value, nutritious natural food to a stranger (Experiment 1) and more critically, did so after an experimental manipulation that imposed a feeding delay (Experiment 2), which increased their own motivation to eat the food. Social experience variables moderated the expression of this infant altruistic behavior, suggesting malleability.
Temporal hemodynamic changes in a female mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies, prevalent hypertension, renal injury, and cardiovascular disease. Onset of the disease often occurs in young women of childbearing age. Although kidney involvement is common to patients with SLE, little is known about temporal changes in renal hemodynamic function and its relationship to the pathogenesis of hypertension during autoimmune diseases. We hypothesized that the loss of immunological tolerance and subsequent production of autoantibodies in SLE leads to impaired renal hemodynamic function that precedes the development hypertension. Female NZBWF1 (SLE) mice and female NZW/LacJ (control) mice were instrumented with carotid artery and jugular vein catheters to determine mean arterial pressure (MAP) and glomerular filtration rate, respectively, at ages of 15, 20, 24, 28, 31, and 34 wk. In addition, urinary albumin excretion, blood urea nitrogen, circulating autoantibodies, and glomerulosclerosis were assessed at each age. Levels of circulating autoantibodies are increased between 24 and 28 wk of age in NZBWF1 mice and were significantly greater than in control mice. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly increased at 28 wk of age in NZBWF1 mice followed by a sharp decline at 34 wk of age. NZBWF1 mice had an increase in MAP that occurred by 34 wk of age. These data show that changes in circulating autoantibodies, renal hemodynamic function, and glomerular injury occur in NZBWF1 mice before changes in MAP, suggesting an important mechanistic role for autoimmunity to directly impair renal hemodynamic function and promote the development of hypertension.
Violent and Nonviolent Children's and Parents' Reasoning about Family and Peer Violence.

This inquiry examined the moral reasoning patterns of violent children with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) and their aggressive parents. All 35 children had committed lethal or potentially lethal violent acts before age 10 and attended a highly restrictive day treatment center. The matched control group (n = 34) was drawn from a nonclinical population. Participants were presented with six family and peer violence scenarios followed by a structured interview. The results suggested that each group used moral reasoning when discussing the scenarios, but that the groups focused on different moral transgressions. Specifically, the violent children and their parents referred more to rules prohibiting provocation (rather than rules prohibiting physical retribution). We recommend future studies that explore how violent children interpret psychological provocation in the context of potential physical retribution.
Controlling water structure and behavior: design principles from metal organic nanotubular materials

Water contained within nanoporous spaces exhibits different chemical and physical properties to those that are observed in the bulk phase, and these differences are exploited in the natural world to impart specific functionalities to biologic and geologic systems. The goal of rational design is to take this inspiration from nature and develop an understanding of structure–function relationships to create materials with similar or improved level of control. In this highlight, we explore the similarities between water confined within synthetic metal organic nanotubular materials and natural systems. We focus first on water structure and unique hydrogen bonding nets and then move to the observed differences in water behavior between nanoconfined and bulk systems. Last, we discuss specific design principles that should be explored to control the structure and properties of water under confinement within metal organic nanotubular materials.
Preventing Stress Among Undergraduate Learners: The Importance of Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Emotion Regulation

In the current investigation, we examined the association among emotional intelligence, emotional regulation tendencies, resilience and perceived stress within a sample of undergraduate students. Participants (N = 277, 71% Female, 55% White) completed the Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Brief Resilience Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale. Using path analysis techniques, we demonstrated that resilience was a negative predictor of perceived stress. Additionally, our results indicated that the use of cognitive reappraisal exerted an indirect influence on perceived stress through resilience. Finally, the current investigation provided evidence emotional intelligence exerts an indirect influence on stress through both cognitive reappraisal and resilience. We believe the results of the current understanding expand our understanding of the determinants of effective information processing and have implications for intervention efforts designed to reduce perceived stress within university-based samples.
Artificial Intelligence Tools and Models Used by the Scientific Community to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are assisting scientists throughout the world in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic This article examines the significant cont
BK Virus Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes: An Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients at Texas Children’s Hospital

Background BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is a serious complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods A retrospective review was performed to determine the frequency of BKV-HC and identify risk factors and renal morbidity associated with BKV-HC in pediatric HSCT recipients at our institution. Results A total of 314 pediatric recipients underwent allogeneic HSCT for either malignant (173, 55.1%) or nonmalignant disorders (141, 44.9%) from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015, with a minimum follow-up of 5 years post-HSCT. Severe BKV-HC (grades 3 and 4) was prevalent in 46 out of 67 (68.7%) recipients. Timing to presentation of severe BKV-HC (grades 3 and 4) occurred at a median of 37 days (26, 74; IQ1, IQ3) post-HSCT, with the duration of macroscopic hematuria lasting a median of 37.5 days (18, 71; IQ1, IQ3). In the first 60 days post-HSCT, peak acute kidney injury (AKI) stages 2 and 3 were seen more frequently in HSCT recipients who developed BKV-HC than those without (P = .004). Similarly, during post-HSCT days 61 to 100, peak AKI stage 3 was also more frequently seen in HSCT recipients who already developed BKV-HC prior to or during this time period than those without BKV-HC (P = .0002). Recipients who developed BKV-HC within 1 year of HSCT had more frequent mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD stages 2-3) than those without BKV-HC (P = .002 and .007, respectively). On multivariate analysis, BKV-HC was associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-3.65). The following clinical variables were associated with time to development of HC on multivariate analysis: age (subdistribution HR [sHR] 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06-1.16) and myeloabalative conditioning regimen (sHR 4.2; 95% CI: 2.12-8.34). Conclusions Pediatric HSCT patients with BKV-HC experience significant morbidity and mortality. Renal morbidity, including AKI and CKD, is associated with BKV-HC.
Understanding the Supply Decisions of Nonprofits: Modeling the Location of Private Schools

This research examines the location choice of California private schools in 1978-1979. We make use of some of the recent developments in the analysis of count data. The results indicate that the character of the population and the public schools influence location decisions. Private schools with different religious affiliations respond differently to population characteristics, which we argue is evidence of differences in the objectives of these different types of private schools. Location decisions of all types of private schools depend most on characteristics of the community in which a school locates, with attributes of surrounding communities having small effects on the location decision.
The use and misuse of van der Waals radii

A widely used criterion for the existence of a noncovalent interaction is that the interatomic separation be less than the sum of the van der Waals radii of the respective atoms. However, this criterion should not be applied rigidly, but rather with considerable caution and flexibility, for several reasons. First, there is considerable uncertainty in the values assigned as van der Waals radii. Second, because of the manner in which they are assigned, their sums will necessarily miss a significant number of noncovalent interactions. Finally, not all interactions are between atoms; sometimes, instead of an atom, it is a region of positive or negative electrostatic potential that is involved.
Using Twitter for Nursing Research: A Tweet Analysis on Heat Illness and Health.

Aim To provide an example of a tweet analysis for nurse researchers using Twitter in their research. Design A content analysis using tweets about "heat illness + health." Methods Tweets were pulled from Twitter's application programming interface with premium access using Postman and the key words "heat illness + health." All data cleaning and analysis was performed in R Version 3.5.2, and the tweet set was analyzed for term frequency, sentiment, and topic modeling. Principal R packages included LDAvis, tidytext, tm, and zyuzhet. Results 6,317 tweets were analyzed with a date range of April 6, 2009, to December 30, 2019. The most common terms in the tweets were heat (n = 4,532), illness (n = 4,085), and health (n = 2,257). Sentiment analysis showed that the majority of tweets (55%) had a negative sentiment. Topic modeling showed that there were three topics within the tweet set: increasing impact, prevention and safety, and symptoms. Conclusions Twitter can be a useful tool for nursing researchers, serving as a viable adjunct to current research methodologies. This practical example has facilitated a deeper understanding of the social media representation of heat illness and health that can be applied to other research. Clinical relevance Twitter serves as a tool for collecting health information for multiple groups, ranging from clinicians and researchers to patients. By utilizing the plethora of data that comes from the platform, we can work towards developing theories and interventions related to numerous health conditions and phenomena.
Excavating AI: the politics of images in machine learning training sets

By looking at the politics of classification within machine learning systems, this article demonstrates why the automated interpretation of images is an inherently social and political project. We begin by asking what work images do in computer vision systems, and what is meant by the claim that computers can “recognize” an image? Next, we look at the method for introducing images into computer systems and look at how taxonomies order the foundational concepts that will determine how a system interprets the world. Then we turn to the question of labeling: how humans tell computers which words will relate to a given image. What is at stake in the way AI systems use these labels to classify humans, including by race, gender, emotions, ability, sexuality, and personality? Finally, we turn to the purposes that computer vision is meant to serve in our society—the judgments, choices, and consequences of providing computers with these capacities. Methodologically, we call this an archeology of datasets: studying the material layers of training images and labels, cataloguing the principles and values by which taxonomies are constructed, and analyzing how these taxonomies create the parameters of intelligibility for an AI system. By doing this, we can critically engage with the underlying politics and values of a system, and analyze which normative patterns of life are assumed, supported, and reproduced.
Performing the spadework of civil rights: SNCC’s free southern theater as radical place-making and epistemic justice

The Free Southern Theater was a Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) initiative that wanted to bring theatrical performance to rural communities in the deep Southeastern United States. To interpret the critical praxis and broader analytical importance of the Free Southern Theater, we develop and apply two conceptual frameworks: radical placemaking and epistemic violence/justice. As we assert in this paper, the theater program was demonstrative of the fundamental but radical ways SNCC sought to remake places and institutions and create new ones that would respond to the struggles of poor Black southerners, build community capacity for social change, reaffirm visions of Black belonging, and provide respite and self-care for racism-weary communities. The Free Southern Theater also reflected the value that SNCC placed on mobilizing information, communication, and the politics of representation to combat white supremacy, while also articulating and legitimizing an explicitly Black vision of society and space.
Teen-Age Camp Counselor Trainees

(1954). Teen-Age Camp Counselor Trainees. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 8-41.
Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in nearly ferromagnetic SrIrO 3 single crystals

We report transport and thermodynamic properties of single-crystal SrIrO3 as a function of temperature T and applied magnetic field H. We find that SrIrO3 is a non-Fermi-liquid metal near a ferromagnetic instability, as characterized by the following properties: (1) small ordered moment but no evidence for long-range order down to 1.7 K; (2) strongly enhanced magnetic susceptibility that diverges as T or T1/2 at low temperatures, depending on the applied field; (3) heat capacity C(T,H) ~ -Tlog T that is readily amplified by low applied fields; (4) a strikingly large Wilson ratio at T< 4K; and (5) a T3/2-dependence of electrical resistivity over the range 1.7 < T < 120 K. A phase diagram based on the data implies SrIrO3 is a rare example of a stoichiometric oxide compound that exhibits non-Fermi-liquid behavior near a quantum critical point (T = 0 and H = 0.23 T).