cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exchange of water between conduits and matrix in the Floridan aquifer

Flow through carbonate aquifers may be dominated by conduits where they are present, by intergranular or fracture porosity where conduits are missing, or may occur in conduits and matrix porosity where both are well developed. In the latter case, the exchange of water between conduits and matrix could have important implications for water management and hydrodynamic modeling. An extensive conduit system has been mapped by dye trace studies and cave diving exploration at the Santa Fe SinkrRise system located in largely unaltered rocks of the Floridan aquifer of north-central Florida. In this area, the Santa Fe River flows underground at the River Sink and returns to the surface ; 5 km to the south at a first magnitude spring called the River Rise. Limited data show that discharge is greater by 27–96% at the River Rise than at the Sink and that the downstream increase in discharge is inversely related to discharge of the river. Natural SO 2y 4 concentrations indicate that ; 25% of the water discharging from the Rise originates from the Sink during low flow. Conversely, SO 2y and other solute concentrations indicate that most of the water discharging from the Rise originates from 4 the Sink during floods. Ar ; 40% decrease in Na q and Cl y concentrations over a 5 1r2-month period at a down-gradient water supply well may reflect flow of dilute flood water from the conduits into and through the matrix at rates estimated to be between 9 and 65 mrday. Calcium concentrations remain constant through time at the well, although flood waters have ; 90% lower Ca 2q concentrations than ground water, perhaps reflecting dissolution of the matrix rocks. This apparent exchange of water between matrix and conduits is important for regional ground water quality and dissolution reactions. q 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Intergovernmental Organizations, Socialization, and Member-State Interest Convergence

This article explores the constructivists' institutional socialization hypothesis, positing that intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) make member-state interests more similar over time, thus promoting interest convergence. We first show how this hypothesis can be tested systematically using relatively new data on dyadic interest similarity and joint structured IGO membership, and then we conduct a series of empirical tests. Our results show strong statistical support for the institutional socialization hypothesis, using both global and more restricted regional samples. We also demonstrate how our results are consistent with a longer-term socialization process and cannot be explained by the short-term effect of institutional information. Finally, we show some limits to the institutional socialization hypothesis. Unstructured IGOs reveal no effect in promoting member-state interest convergence. Following recent theory arguing that great powers in the international system often use IGOs for coercive means, we find that institutional socialization gets weaker as the power imbalance within the dyad grows.Thanks to Chuck Boehmer, Heather Elko McKibben, Kate Floros, Erik Gartzke, Chuck Gochman, Michael Goodhart, Yoram Haftel, Volker Krause, Dan London, Andrew Long, Ed Mansfield, Lisa Martin, Tim Nordstrom, Zeki Sarigil, Meg Shannon, Dan Thomas, Lora Viola, Basak Yavcan, and two anonymous reviewers for data, comments, and/or helpful suggestions.
Enhancing test effectiveness for analog circuits using synthesized measurements

The use of alternate tests in addition to specification-based measurements is achieving more recognition in industry due to the higher coverage that they provide. The fault and yield coverages of these tests depend on how the pass/fail test decision is made. In this paper we address the critical issue of accurate test threshold determination for these alternate tests. We propose to post-process the given set of sensitive and linearly independent measurements to synthesize a new set of measurements based on which the pass/fail decision is made. A novel methodology for post processing the measurement results called measurement synthesis is presented. Simulation results show that test effectiveness can be greatly enhanced by measurement synthesis.
Ceres: Predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes

This paper will constrain the possible sources and processes for the formation of recently observed H2O vapor plumes above the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres. Two hypotheses have been proposed: (1) cryovolcanism where the water source is the mantle and the heating source is still unknown or (2) comet-like sublimation where near-surface water ice is vaporized by seasonally increasing solar insolation. We test hypothesis 2, comet-like near-surface sublimation, by using a thermal model to examine the stability of water ice in the near surface. For a reasonable range of physical parameters (thermal inertia, surface roughness, and slopes), we find that water ice is only stable at latitudes higher than ~40–60°. These results indicate that either (a) the physical properties of Ceres are unlike our expectations or (b) an alternative to comet-like sublimation, such as the cryovolcanism hypothesis, must be invoked.
THERAPY WITH A GROUP OF FAMILIES IN A PSYCHIATRIC DAY CENTER

This article describes a new psychotherapy approach in a psychiatric day treatment center. Several patients with their families were treated in one group using current concepts of family dynamics and therapy. It has been found to be a useful mode of treatment which may be applicable in other settings.
Image classification using pseudo power signatures

Segmentation and classification are important problems with applications in areas like textural analysis and pattern recognition. This paper describes a single-stage approach to solve the image segmentation/classification problem down to the pixel level, using energy density functions based on the wavelet transform. The energy density functions obtained, called pseudo power signatures, are essentially functions of the scale and orientation and are obtained using separable approximations to the 2-D wavelet transform. A significant advantage of these representations is that they are invariant to signal magnitude, and spatial location within the object of interest. Further, they lend themselves to fast and simple classification routines. We provide a complete formulation of the signature determination problem for 2-D, and propose an effective, albeit simple, technique based on a tensor singular value analysis, to solve the problem. We also present an efficient computational algorithm, and a simulation result reflecting the strengths and limitations of this approach.
Comparison of phosphohydrolase activities from articular cartilage in Calcium Pyrophosphate deposition disease and primary osteoarthritis

One abnormality in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) which fosters consistently high synovial fluid pyrophosphate ion (PPi) and large accumulations of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals (Ca pyrophosphate) might be an aberration in chondrocytes involving elaboration of PPi and failure of its hydrolysis within cartilage matrix. Exploration of this hypothesis required further information on the phosphohydrolases in relevant human articular cartilages. Triton X-100 extracts of whole homogenized cartilage from 18 patients with primary osteoarthritis (OA), 10 patients with CPDD and secondary OA, as well as 6 "normal" subjects were partially purified by DE-52 chromatography and eluates studied for phosphohydrolase activity in a variety of substrates, inhibitors, and environmental conditions. Almost all the protein as well as crude alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities were clustered in peaks designated I and II. Findings in CPDD cartilage not observed in OA controls were: 1) consistent alkaline phosphatase activity in the void volume of DE-52 columns, 2) high levels of 5'nucleotidase activity, 3) abundant generation of PPi by CPDD cartilage during in vitro incubation of cartilage extract fractions with ATP. This enzymatic behavior is likely to bear a regulatory relationship to PPi production by chondrocytes in CPDD.
Integrating Calculator Technology in an Elementary and Middle School Preservice Teacher Program: A Personal Journey

Faced with a group of preservice teachers who had very little training in calculator or technology use in a department where technology had not been a primary focus in mathematics or teacher training, the author implemented the continual use of the Texas Instruments 73 calculator for all elementary and middle school preservice teacher education mathematics courses. After some initial problems and disagreement, the preservice teachers became extremely proficient in the use of the calculator, not only for personal use but also for use in the classroom.
Partial Inhibition of Sodium/Calcium Exchange Restores Cellular Calcium Handling in Canine Heart Failure

Sodium/calcium (Na+/Ca2+) exchange (NCX) overexpression is common to human heart failure and heart failure in many animal models, but its specific contribution to the cellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) handling deficit is unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of exchange inhibitory peptide (XIP) on Ca2+ handling in myocytes isolated from canine tachycardic pacing-induced failing hearts. Whole-cell patch-clamped left ventricular myocytes from failing hearts (F) showed a 52% decrease in steady-state sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ load and a 44% reduction in the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient, as compared with myocytes from normal hearts (N). Intracellular application of XIP (30 μmol/L) normalized the [Ca2+]i transient amplitude in F (3.86-fold increase), concomitant with a similar increase in SR Ca2+ load. The degree of NCX inhibition at this concentration of XIP was ≈27% and was selective for NCX: L-type Ca2+ currents and plasmalemmal Ca2+ pumps were not affected. XIP also indirectly improved the rate of [Ca2+]i removal at steady-state, secondary to Ca2+-dependent activation of SR Ca2+ uptake. The findings indicate that in the failing heart cell, NCX inhibition can improve SR Ca2+ load by shifting the balance of Ca2+ fluxes away from trans-sarcolemmal efflux toward SR accumulation. Hence, inhibition of the Ca2+ efflux mode of the exchanger could potentially be an effective therapeutic strategy for improving contractility in congestive heart failure.
M/G/c/K blocking probability models and system performance

An exact solution for the M/G/c/K model is only possible for special cases, such as exponential service, a single server, or no waiting room at all. Instead of basing the approximation on an infinite capacity queue as is often the case, an approximation based on a closed-form expression derivable from the finite capacity exponential queue is presented. Properties of the closed-form expression along with its use in approximating the blocking probability of M/G/c/K systems are discussed. Extensive experiments are provided to test and verify the efficacy of our approximate results.
Multiobjective Design Optimization of Coupled PM Synchronous Motor-Drive Using Physics-Based Modeling Approach

This paper deals with an optimal design of surface-mounted permanent magnet motor geometry for achieving minimum torque ripple, minimum RMS value of phase current, and minimum total harmonic distortion of phase currents, simultaneously. A classic multiobjective function is formed as a combination of these single objectives. A dynamic physics-based phase variable modeling approach is used to indirectly couple the motor geometry in the finite element domain to the drive circuit in a simulink environment. The physical behavior of motor is calculated by nonlinear transient FE analysis with motion. A fast hybrid genetic-particle swarm optimization process is developed for shape optimization of the motor. The results before and after optimization show the expected performance improvements while reducing magnet material and copper size.
Shape reconstruction from photometric stereo

Two iterative algorithms for shape reconstruction based on multiple images taken under different lighting conditions, known as photometric stereo, are proposed. It is shown that single-image shape-from-shading (SFS) algorithms have an inherent problem, i.e., the accuracy of the reconstructed surface height is related to the slope of the reflectance map function defined on the gradient space. This observation motivates the authors to generalize the single-image SFS algorithm to two photometric stereo SFS algorithms aiming at more accurate surface reconstruction. The two algorithms directly determine the surface height by minimizing a quadratic cost functional, which is defined to be the square of the brightness error obtained from each individual image in a parallel or cascade manner. The optimal illumination condition that leads to best shape reconstruction is examined. >
Defective Wnt Signaling: A Potential Contributor to Cardiometabolic Disease?

Hypertension is a major public health problem associated with the increased risk for heart disease and stroke, leading causes of death worldwide. Despite recent treatment advances, hypertension remains present in approximately one-third of adults in the U.S. (1). The majority of hypertensive subjects are now obese and many suffer from insulin resistance, which exacerbates the risk for cardiovascular disease. While there is a well-established clinical association, the mechanisms linking hypertension and insulin resistance are not fully understood. A better understanding of hypertension mechanisms and related metabolic comorbidities will improve targeted treatment approaches and health-related outcomes in this disease. Aberrant Wnt pathway signaling may be one such mechanism linking hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The Wnt family of secreted glycoprotein ligands is highly implicated in embryonic development and regulates numerous physiological processes including body axis patterning and cellular adhesion, migration, and differentiation. As shown in Fig. 1, in the canonical pathway (2), Wnt proteins bind the Frizzled G-protein–coupled receptor and coreceptors, such as LDL receptor–related protein (LRP) 5 and 6. Activation of these receptors signals the intracellular phosphoprotein Dishevelled to traffic the destruction complex (including glycogen synthase kinase 3β [GSK-3β]) to the plasma membrane. This allows for stabilization and translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus to coactivate T-cell factor (TCF) and lymphoid enhancing factor transcription factors. Noncanonical Wnt pathways, which are independent of β-catenin, have also been identified and play a role in the regulation of cell polarity and …
“Would you tell under circumstances like that?”: Barriers to disclosure of child sexual abuse for men.

Although public awareness is increasing in regard to the realities of child sexual abuse (CSA) for boys, male survivors often delay disclosure of the abuse for years or even decades. Little is known about the factors that impede or obstruct disclosure for sexually abused boys/men. Because disclosure is often a prerequisite to help-seeking and accessing resources for healing, the purpose of this study was to identify barriers to disclosure of CSA for male survivors. Using content analysis, the researchers conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from a large, nonclinical sample of men with histories of CSA (N 460) who completed an online survey. The data analyzed in this study included responses to an open-ended item on disclosure barriers. Our analyses identified 10 categories of barriers that were classified into 3 domains: sociopolitical (e.g., masculinity, limited resources), interpersonal (e.g., mistrust of others, abuser factors), and personal (e.g., internal emotions, naming the experience as sexual abuse). Based on our results, these domains were distinct yet interrelated. The implications for policy, clinical practice, and future research are discussed.
Biosensor reveals multiple sources for mitochondrial NAD

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) is an essential substrate for sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which are NAD(+)-consuming enzymes localized in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria. Fluctuations in NAD(+) concentrations within these subcellular compartments are thought to regulate the activity of NAD(+)-consuming enzymes; however, the challenge in measuring compartmentalized NAD(+) in cells has precluded direct evidence for this type of regulation. We describe the development of a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor for directly monitoring free NAD(+) concentrations in subcellular compartments. We found that the concentrations of free NAD(+) in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria approximate the Michaelis constants for sirtuins and PARPs in their respective compartments. Systematic depletion of enzymes that catalyze the final step of NAD(+) biosynthesis revealed cell-specific mechanisms for maintaining mitochondrial NAD(+) concentrations.
Low Molecular Weight Heparins

A large and growing body of scientific evidence exists which suggests that low molecular weight heparins are at least as effective and safe as other anticoagulants used to treat and prevent venous thromboembolism. Low molecular weight heparins offer important advantages over unfractionated heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Low molecular weight heparins can be dosed according to the patient’s weight, and monitoring of anticoagulant response is not necessary. For this reason, selected patients with deep vein thrombosis can be managed without hospitalization. The use of low molecular weight heparins to prevent venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism depends upon costs, relative risks and benefits for specific indications, and additional scientific studies which address unanswered or incompletely answered questions, such as whether preoperative dosing is superior to postoperative dosing.
Review: Artifacts of Revolution: Architecture, Society, and Politics in Mexico City, 1920–1940 by Patrice Elizabeth Olsen

Patrice Elizabeth Olsen Artifacts of Revolution: Architecture, Society, and Politics in Mexico City, 1920–1940 . Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2008, xviii + 281 pp., no illus. $80, ISBN 9780742554207 Urban historian Patrice Elizabeth Olsen's recent book is a thoroughly researched examination of political history in relation to architecture in Mexico City during successive post-Revolutionary presidential administrations from 1920 to 1940. The author's premise “is that significant cultural and political agendas of the Mexican Revolution can be made intelligible through an understanding of works of architecture built in the formative years 1920–1940—the artifacts of the Revolution in Mexico City. This architecture provides us with a means of tracing and understanding the path of the consolidation of the Mexican Revolution, constituting indelible evidence of the process by which that revolution evolved into government” (xi). With this in mind, Olsen explores the intertwining of post-Revolutionary architecture and politics in the capital, using presidential terms, political agendas and upheavals, and significant works of architecture as points of demarcation. Olsen's preface contextualizes the book and introduces the reader to the bustle and underlying forces of contemporary Mexico City. Chapters one and two describe the political ideologies and architectural agendas during the regimes of Alvaro Obregon (1920–24) and Plutarco Elias Calles (1924–28). Chapter three examines the pluralistic nature of …
Competition Between Chimpanzees and Humans: The Effects of Harvesting Non-timber Forest Products

The direct effects of competition between humans and nonhuman animals over non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are not well understood. In some cases, a type of sustainability appears. In other cases, there is overharvesting by humans, which can negatively affect biodiversity directly and human economics indirectly. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the economic, cultural, ecologic, and conservation complexities entwined in the human collection of NTFPs. To do this, we will examine competition between western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) and humans for the wild fruit species Saba senegalensis at the Fongoli research site in southeastern Senegal. Interviews conducted with local people focused on the type, use, and economic importance of wild growing plants. For humans living there, the Saba fruit represents a much-needed source of sustenance and income at a time when crop stores are depleted and new crops have yet to produce. Ecologic studies were also conducted. For chimpanzees, Saba is a vital food source at a time when most other foods are scarce. If the rate of Saba removal from the area is not controlled, however, chimpanzees and humans may both be forced to face a future without this important fruit.
Comparative Growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens on Precooked Chicken Nuggets Stored under Modified Atmospheres1.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas fluorescens on precooked dark-meat chicken nuggets during refrigerated storage. The two organisms were separately inoculated on nuggets and stored under modified atmospheres (MA1 or MA2) at 3, 7, or 11°C. The results show that the growth of P. fluorescens was inhibited by MAP to a greater extent than was the growth of L. monocytogenes . Even though growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited by MAP, the organism was still capable of growth at all three temperatures. The effectiveness of MAP decreased with increasing temperature. Little difference in inhibition of growth was observed for either organism with MA1 or MA2.
Formation of solid thorium monoxide at near-ambient conditions as observed by neutron reflectometry and interpreted by screened hybrid functional calculations

Abstract Oxidation of a ∼1000 A sputter-deposited thorium thin film at 150 °C in 100 ppm of flowing oxygen in argon produces the long-sought solid form of thorium monoxide. Changes in the scattering length density (SLD) distribution in the film over the 700-min experiment measured by in-situ, dynamic neutron reflectometry (NR) shows the densities, compositions and thickness of the various thorium oxides layers formed. Screened, hybrid density-functional theory calculations of potential thorium oxides aid interpretation, providing atomic-level picture and energetics for understanding oxygen migration. NR provided evidence of the formation of substoichiometric thorium oxide, ThOy (y
An Observational Study of Score Study Practices Among Undergraduate Instrumental Music Education Majors

The purpose of this study was to investigate undergraduate instrumental music education majors’ score study practices as they related to the effectiveness of their simulated conducting. Participant...
Funding, Institutional Conflicts of Interest, and Schools of Public Health: Realities and Solutions

Individual researchers are accustomed to declaring conflict of interest (COI), if it exists, when submitting manuscripts for publication or in public presentations. In this Viewpoint we focus on an equally important issue—whole-institution COIs, specifically financial COIs in schools of public health, and address 2 interlinked questions: When does this funding represent an important conflict and what can schools of public health do about it? This topic is particularly important because academic schools of public health today have little choice but to accept extramural funding. Schools of public health derive income from 2, or sometimes 3, sources. State schools derive some income from the state, although this source of funding is rapidly diminishing. Other schools rely on income from tuition and extramural sources in the form of grants, contracts, or philanthropy. The majority of the budget of leading schools of public health is often derived from extramural sources. Divesting from such sources would mean a much narrower scope of work, and consequently less potential effect on the health of the public.
Ventilatory support of the neonatal foal

Many sick neonatal foals have respiratory failure secondary to perinatal hypoxia, sepsis, or pneumonia. These foals require ventilatory support to prevent respiratory embarrassment and other complications associated with chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia. This article discusses practical aspects of ventilatory therapy, such as choosing a candidate for mechanical ventilation, choosing the proper ventilatory mode, placing a foal on a ventilator, maintaining a foal on mechanical ventilation, and weaning from mechanical ventilation. This article details some of the techniques that have been developed based on experiences with mechanical ventilation of neonatal foals and encourages other clinicians to consider ventilatory therapy as a feasible option.
One-Shot Gesture Recognition: One Step Towards Adaptive Learning

User's intentions may be expressed through spontaneous gesturing, which have been seen only a few times or never before. Recognizing such gestures involves one shot gesture learning. While most research has focused on the recognition of the gestures themselves, recently new approaches were proposed to deal with gesture perception and production as part of the recognition problem. The framework presented in this work focuses on learning the process that leads to gesture generation, rather than treating the gestures as the outcomes of a stochastic process only. This is achieved by leveraging kinematic and cognitive aspects of human interaction. These factors enable the artificial production of realistic gesture samples originated from a single observation, which in turn are used as training sets for state-of-the-art classifiers. Classification performance is evaluated in terms of recognition accuracy and coherency; the latter being a novel metric that determines the level of agreement between humans and machines. Specifically, the referred machines are robots which perform artificially generated examples. Coherency in recognition was determined at 93.8%, corresponding to a recognition accuracy of 89.2% for the classifiers and 92.5% for human participants. A proof of concept was performed towards the expansion of the proposed one shot learning approach to adaptive learning, and the results are presented and the implications discussed.
Cultura: entre a arena de luta e o movimento Hip Hop

In this text, we will discuss the concept of culture based on Stuart Hall’s (1989, 2001, 2003, 2004) studies in order to highlight the plural and political features of culture and to contextualize the Hip Hop Movement and its elements (MC / rapper, DJ, graffiti, break) as cultural and occupant of urban space and periphery, mainly in the Brazilian scenario. In addition to the theoretical support of Hall, we also dialogue with other authors such as Foucault (2014, 1995), Goncalves (2010), Queiroz (2005), Bakhtin (2003), Kellner (2001), Shusterman (1998) and Silva (1998), which bring important contributions to defense the Hip Hop as a cultural plural. Among the elements of Hip Hop, we will highlight the figure of the MC (Master of Ceremony) or rapper for his responsibility, in partnership with the DJ, for producting and for singing the raps, in whose lyrics, commonly, have criticism of various segments of society. So we bring some raps to illustrate the discussion.
Systemic signaling contributes to the unfolded protein response of the plant endoplasmic reticulum

The unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a conserved and essential cytoprotective pathway designed to survive biotic and abiotic stresses that alter the proteostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum. The UPR is typically considered cell-autonomous and it is yet unclear whether it can also act systemically through non-cell autonomous signaling. We have addressed this question using a genetic approach coupled with micro-grafting and a suite of molecular reporters in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the UPR has a non-cell autonomous component, and we demonstrate that this is partially mediated by the intercellular movement of the UPR transcription factor bZIP60 facilitating systemic UPR signaling. Therefore, in multicellular eukaryotes such as plants, non-cell autonomous UPR signaling relies on the systemic movement of at least a UPR transcriptional modulator.
Arbiters of Value: The Nationalization of Art and the Politics of Expertise in Early Socialist Romania

In 1948, immediately after the Communist Party came to power in Romania, state officials commissioned a group of art experts to radically transform the existing public and private art collections i...
A new approach to weight management counseling: Metabolic Factor in multiple populations

Background: Metabolic factor (MF) provides a standardized metric to compare resting metabolic rate (RMR) between populations and across time. Better understanding of one’s metabolism may provide insight into the successes or failures of weight loss and weight management. Weight loss clients enjoy numbers to motivate success and continuation of positive lifestyle changes, and MF may be a useful tool to use that goes beyond the weight number on a scale. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential use of MF in clinical weight counseling by assessing MF in a variety of populations and determine if additional variables support previous MF findings. Methods: RMR was measured via indirect calorimetry in sixty-seven adults > 18 years old including athletes, non-athletes, general young and older adults. Anthropometric measurements included BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body composition (percent body fat). Results: Athletes had a significantly higher MF compared to non-athletes (12.2 ± 1.9 vs 10.5 ± 2.4, p = .006) and older adults had a significantly lower MF compared to younger adults (8.7 ± 1.8 vs 11.4 ± 2.2, p < .0001). Significant correlations were found between MF and BMI (r = -.387, p =.001), age (r = -.433, p < .0001), percent body fat (r = -.515, p < .0001), and physical activity (r = .420, p < .0001), while no relationship was present between MF and WHR. Conclusion: Previous MF research demonstrating lower MF with higher BMI was consistent in newly tested populations including athletes and older adults. New data suggests lower body composition and higher physical activity are also associated with higher MF. Metabolic factor may provide valuable insights for clinical weight counseling to assist with weight management and improving body acceptance.
Competition is (still) a tough weed: A review essay of Thomas Philippon’s The great reversal: How America gave up on free markets

In The Great Reversal, Philippon makes the case that competition in America has weakened during the past two decades. His book contributes to the rapidly developing literature on the macroeconomic consequences of market power. I argue that Philippon fails to convincingly support his hypothesis because (1) he does not consider competition as a process operating on several margins, with the price being only of them, and (2) the available empirical data does not unambiguously show a rise in market power. Philippon’s work suffers from similar flaws as the “structure-conduct-performance” paradigm. I also incorporate recent attempts to estimate aggregate market power and explain why the methods used for such estimations are calculated by making assumptions over which margins entrepreneurs compete and suffers from serious knowledge problems. Finally, I offer an alternative view of competition, which focuses on how and at what speed rents are being dissipated instead of the markup of price over marginal cost.
The leucine-rich repeat signaling scaffolds Shoc2 and Erbin: cellular mechanism and role in disease

Leucine-rich repeat containing proteins (LRR proteins) are involved in supporting a large number of cellular functions. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding functions of the LRR proteins as signaling scaffolds. In particular, we explore what we have learned about the mechanisms of action of the LRR scaffolds Shoc2 and Erbin and their roles in normal development and disease. We discuss Shoc2 and Erbin in the context of their multiple known interacting partners in various cellular processes and summarize often unexpected functions of these proteins through analysis of their roles in human pathologies. We also review these LRR scaffold proteins as promising therapeutic targets and biomarkers with potential application across various pathologies.
Edge-to-edge repair: will it still be mainstream repair therapy in 2030?

We are only just beginning to address the large number of patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR), despite guidelines recommending operative repair in our asymptomatic patients with primary MR, and the limitations of medical therapy for secondary MR. Using history as a guide, less invasive therapies, including nonsurgical approaches, will be rapidly adopted once there is some evidence of similar mortality and MR reduction compared to gold standard open surgery.
Pentecostal Theology and Ecumenical Theology: Interpretations and Intersections by Peter Hocken, Tony L. Richie and Christopher A. Stephenson (eds)

HOCKEN, Peter, Tony L. RICHIE and Christopher A. STEPHENSON (eds). Pentecostal Theology and Ecumenical Theology: Interpretations and Intersections. Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies, volume 34. Leiden: Brill, 2019. 368pp. Pbk. ISBN: 9789004408364. €65.
Relation of Length of Survival After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation to Age of the Donor

Abstract We aim to evaluate the impact of donor age on the outcomes in OHT recipients. The UNOS database was queried for adult patients (age; ≥60) undergoing first-time OHT between 1987 and 2019 (n=18,447). We stratified the cohort by donor age; 1,702 patients (9.2%) received a heart from a donor age of
Catheters gain arrays of sensors and actuators.

Flexible multilayer electronic arrays impart endocardial balloon catheters with enhanced sensing and actuation functionality.
The Field Campaign Explorer

The Global Hydrology Resource Center (GHRC) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), developed the Field Campaign eXplorer (FCX) to address a limitation in available visualization resources. FCX is a cloud-native, open-source system capable of visualizing multiple datasets in three dimensions. This includes data from ground-, airborne-, and satellite-based observations. The open-source nature will further allow users of FCX to develop their own extensions for both visualizations and analyses. This paper will discuss the architecture of FCX, its uses, and future development work.
Reduced Brain Cannabinoid Receptor Availability in Schizophrenia.

ABSTRACT Background Several lines of evidence suggest the presence of abnormalities in the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, there are limited in vivo measures of the eCB system in SCZ. Methods Twenty five male SCZ subjects (SCZs) (18 antipsychotic treated and 7 antipsychotic free) were compared with 18 age-matched male healthy control subjects (HCs). Subjects underwent one positron emission tomography scan each with the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB 1 R) selective radiotracer [ 11 C]OMAR on the high resolution research tomography scanner. Regional volume of distribution ( V T ) values were determined using kinetic modeling of positron emission tomography data as a measure of CB 1 R availability. Group differences in mean composite [ 11 C]OMAR V T values were compared between SCZs and HCs. Exploratory comparisons of CB 1 R availability within 15 brain regions were also conducted. All analyses were covaried for age and body mass index. Results SCZs showed significantly ( p = .02) lower composite [ 11 C]OMAR V T relative to HCs (~12% difference, effect size d = .73). [ 11 C]OMAR V T was significantly (all p s antipsychotic treated SZCs > antipsychotic free SZCs. Furthermore, composite [ 11 C]OMAR V T was greater in HCs than SCZ smokers ( n = 11) and SCZ nonsmokers ( n = 14). Conclusions CB 1 R availability is lower in male SCZ subjects compared with HCs. Furthermore, antipsychotics and tobacco use may increase CB 1 R availability in this population. The findings of the study provide further evidence supporting the hypothesis that alterations in the eCB system might contribute to the pathophysiology of SCZ.
Biological responses to porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in pigs of two genetic populations.

One hundred pigs from the NE Index Line (NEI) and 100 Hampshire-Duroc cross pigs (HD) were inoculated intranasally with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV 97-7895 strain) at 26 d of age to determine whether genetic variation in response to PRRSV exists. An uninfected littermate to each infected pig served as a control. Pigs were from 163 dams and 83 sires. Body weight and rectal temperature were recorded, and blood samples were drawn from each pig on d 0 before inoculation and on d 4, 7, and 14 after inoculation. Pigs were sacrificed on d 14. Lung and bronchial lymph nodes were collected, placed in optimal cutting temperature compound, and frozen at -80 degrees C. The presence of PRRSV in serum and in lung tissue and bronchial lymph nodes was determined by isolation in cell culture. The presence of antibodies in serum collected on d 14 was determined by a commercial ELISA test. Lung tissue was examined microscopically and scored for incidence and severity of lesions (score of 1 to 3; 1 = no or few lesions, and 3 = severe interstitial pneumonia). Data were analyzed with a mixed model that included random sire and dam effects. The interaction of line x treatment was significant (P or = 0.40, which is the positive threshold for this ELISA. The S/P range in uninfected pigs was 0 to 1.11, and 99% had levels < or = 0.40. Mean S/P ratio for infected pigs was 0.23 units higher in HD than in NEI (P < 0.001). The HD pigs had a greater incidence of interstitial pneumonia and 0.65 higher mean lesion scores than NEI pigs (P < 0.001). In summary, responses of pigs of the two lines to infection with PRRSV differed, indicating that underlying genetic variation existed.
Controls on soil respiration: Implications for climate change

The disruption of the global C cycle by human activity in both developed and developing countries is one of the key environmental issues facing human populations as we move into the 21st century.
CMOL: Devices, Circuits, and Architectures

This chapter is a brief review of the recent work on various aspects of the prospective hybrid semiconductor/nanowire/molecular ("CMOL") integrated circuits. The basic idea of such circuits is to combine the advantages ofthe currently dominating CMOS technology (including its flexibility and high fabrication yield) with those of molecular devices with nanometer-scale footprint. Two-terminal molecular devices would be self-assembled on a pre-fabricated nanowire crossbar fabric, enabling very high function density at acceptable fabrication costs. Preliminary estimates show that the density of active devices in CMOL circuits may be as high as 10 1 2 cm - 2 and that they may provide an unparalleled information processing performance, up to 10 2 0 operations per cm 2 per second, at manageable power consumption. However, CMOL technology imposes substantial requirements (most importantly, that of high defect tolerance) on circuit architectures. In the view of these restrictions, the most straightforward application of CMOL circuits is terabitscale memories, in which powerful bad-bit-exclusion and error-correction techniques may be used to boost the defect tolerance. The implementation of Boolean logic circuits is more problematic, though our preliminary results for reconfigurable, uniform FPGA-like CMOL circuits look very encouraging. Finally, CMOL technology seems to be uniquely suitable for the implementation of the "CrossNet" family of neuromorphic networks for advanced information processing including, at least, pattern recognition and classification, and quite possibly much more intelligent tasks. We believe that these application prospects justify a large-scale research and development effort focused on the main challenge of the field, the high-yield self-assembly of molecular devices.
Data monitoring committees for multicenter clinical trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. I. Roles and membership of data monitoring committees for trials sponsored by the National Eye Institute.

The operational aspects of data monitoring committees for multicenter clinical trials have received little attention in the published literature, in contrast to a wealth of publications concerning the statistical aspects of data monitoring. Occasional anecdotal reports suggest that the role of these committees is complex and that responsibilities and decisions extend beyond choice of a stopping rule. In an effort to gain a better appreciation of the domain of responsibilities shared by all or most of the data monitoring committees (DMCs) for the 20 multicenter studies (30 clinical trials) sponsored by the National Eye Institute, one of the National Institutes of Health, published information was studied and key members of the DMCs for these studies were surveyed. Information about the membership of these important groups also was sought in order to guide those with responsibility for appointing future DMCs. Three tasks—all directly associated with monitoring accumulating data for evidence of benefit or harm to trial patients—were reported unanimously to be the responsibility of the DMCs. In addition, many responsibilities concerned with study oversight rather than data monitoring were assigned to the DMC in 75% or more of the trials. The domain of responsibilities common to a majority of the DMCs suggests that these groups function in most NEI-sponsored multicenter trials as combined data monitoring and policy boards, even when not so designated. The median size of the 20 DMCs was 10 members, with six appointed and four ex officio members. Ophthalmologists accounted for 38% of all DMC positions and statisticians for 33%.
Mineralogical Applications of Crystal Field Theory: Remote-sensing compositions of planetary surfaces: applications of reflectance spectra

Absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared spectra of Moon and Mars – – correlate well with a narrow choice of minerals. – – they provide a perhaps unique means of remote analysis of some of the abundant mineral phases on the surfaces of the bodies . J. B. Adams, Science, 159 , 1453 (1968) Introduction Earlier chapters have demonstrated that spectral features of most rock-forming minerals in the visible to near-infrared region originate from the presence of transition elements in their crystal structures. Iron and titanium have higher crustal abundances on terrestrial planets relative to other transition elements and, consequently, are expected to contribute significantly to the reflectance spectra of planetary surfaces. Spectral profiles of sunlight reflected from planetary surfaces, when correlated with measured optical spectra of rock-forming minerals, may be used to detect the presence of individual transition metal ions, to identify constituent minerals, and to determine modal mineralogies of regoliths on terrestrial planets. The origin and applications of such remotesensed reflectance spectra measured through Earth-based telescopes are described in this chapter. Chemical composition of the terrestrial planets Properties of the terrestrial planets that are central to this chapter are summarized in table 10.1 and information about element abundances is contained in Appendix 1. The crustal abundance data for the Earth indicate the presence of relatively high concentrations of Fe, and to a lesser extent Ti, compared to other first-series transition elements.
Heel pain triad (HPT): the combination of plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and tarsal tunnel syndrome.

Between 1996 and 1999, we evaluated 286 patients with chronic heel pain. We identified 14 patients who were diagnosed and surgically treated for a unique combination of plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and tarsal tunnel syndrome. We postulate that failure of the static (plantar fascia) and dynamic (posterior tibial tendon) support of the longitudinal arch of the foot has resulted in traction injury to the posterior tibial nerve, i.e., tarsal tunnel syndrome. The combination of plantar fasciitis, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and tarsal tunnel syndrome was recognized and treated. We have called this combination the "Heel Pain Triad (HPT)." Using the AOFAS hindfoot rating system, retrospective chart review and patient examination revealed marked improvement in 85.7% of patients. Follow-up was done four to 33 months (mean follow-up was 17.1 months). Marked improvement was noted in the categories of pain, activity level, walking distance, walking surface and limp. Improvement was statistically significant for all categories.
Multiprocessor-based video motion detection using adaptive neural systems

Fast motion detection is an important step in the high-speed video/vision processing systems. System-level design of a 2-dimensional mesh-concerned competitive neural network for video motion detection is presented. The motion information from a sequence of images can be obtained through mixed-analog/digital signal processing. Massively parallel neurocomputing is performed by multiple copies of compact and efficient neuroprocessors. Inter-processor data transfer is carried out by dedicated point-to-point analog interconnections. Global data communication between the host computer and neuroprocessors is through the digital common bus to maintain strong signal strength. An extendable analog winner-take-all circuit is used to implement the competition function with a minimal delay time. A 1.5*2.8-cm/sup 2/ chip in a 1.2- mu m CMOS technology can accommodate 64 velocity-selective neuroprocessors. This chip can achieve 83.2 Giga-connections per second. By using 128 VLSI neural chips, the speed-up factor over the Sun-4/60 SPARC station-1 is estimated to by 54545. >
Temperature-dependent properties of FePO4 cathode materials

Abstract The temperature of formation and crystallinity of iron phosphate, FePO 4 , is critical in determining its electrochemical behavior in lithium cells. Amorphous FePO 4 formed by heating amorphous iron phosphate dihydrate was found to have good capacity both in chemical and electrochemical lithiation. Initial capacities of up to 140 mAh/g were obtained at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm 2 . Material formed from crystalline iron phosphate dihydrate was found to be much less active, due to both the crystallinity of the product and to the iron being in tetrahedral coordination. The trigonal quartz phase of FePO 4 loses almost all capacity after heating to 700°C, which might be due to glass formation on the surface.
Introduction: Broadening the Conceptualization of Problem Solving Within Career Planning:

Career planning is a broad and complex process and involves a variety of developmental tasks across the age span. The thesis of this special issue is that career planning is substantially affected by a general psychological process: one's problem solving processes. Problem solving refers to how one copes with everyday problems, how one intermittently thinks, behaves, and feels when grappling with a real life prob
Technological innovation pull

Firms, particularly technology-based firms, are faced with the decision to adopt an innovation already in use or to invest their resources to develop innovations and gain competitive advantage. Discovering an innovation can be a high cost endeavour, whereas waiting too late in the adoption cycle can put a firm at a competitive disadvantage in its market niche. This research note presents the factors that firms need to consider in developing their policy of innovation adoption or innovation creation.