cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum Prolactin Response to Stressors in Children. • 67

To further describe the relationship between prolactin and behavior in children, sequential serum prolactins were obtained in the course of a follow-up study of iron deficiency in infancy. 167 of the original 191 Costa Rican children (87%) were assessed at 10-13 years of age (mean=12 yr); prolactins were available for 164 subjects. At the time of venipuncture for iron status measures, a catheter was placed indwelling for 4 hours to determine the initial rise and decline of prolactin with venipuncture (0, 15, 30 and 45 min) and prolactin response to a psychological task involving blindfolding, IQ testing, a socially stressful situation and routine dental examination (no fillings). Sera were separated, stored at - 20°C and later assayed by double-antibody RIA for prolactin. Using each child's lowest value as the reference for that child, IQ testing produced trivial changes in serum prolactin. In contrast, serum prolactin rose, on average, 34% after a socially stressful encounter, 62% after a dental exam and 177% after venipuncture. These responses all differed significantly from each other (p<0.1). Males had a greater increase than females after the dental exam (77% vs 39%, p<0.01) but there were no other gender differences. Serum prolactin response to physical or psychological stress has been inconsistently observed in previous studies. Addressing methodologic problems, this study used a larger sample, both genders, varying stressors, and sequential sampling immediately post-stressor. The results show that serum prolactin is a sensitive stress response hormone in children and the degree of the response appears related to the severity of the stressor.
The Effect of Pore Connectivity on Water Adsorption Isotherms in Non-activated Graphitic Nanopores

The adsorption of water in graphitic carbons is usually simulated via a weighted average of the adsorption isotherms simulated in carbon-slit pore of different widths. By following this procedure, details about pore morphology and pore connectivity may be overlooked. Towards a better match between virtual and real experiments, we present simulated adsorption isotherms for SPC/E model water in porous carbons composed by interconnected carbon-slit pores. The pores are separated from each other by one graphene layer. Imperfections (lack of carbon atoms) in the graphene layers result in interconnections between pores. The grand canonical Monte Carlo algorithm is used here to simulate water adsorption. Our results show that while the qualitative features obtained in the simulation of independent slit-shaped pores are reproduced when interconnected pores are considered, the adsorption isotherms rise more gradually and the adsorption/desorption hysteresis loops are narrower in the latter case.
The degradation of selected-area channelling patterns as a function of glide anisotropy

The study of selected-area channelling pattern (SACP) degradation with deformation was performed using lines representing different sets of planes. It was established that the degradation of different lines on the SACP taken after a given deformation was not the same. It differs not only for lines from different sets of planes but also within the same type of line. The amount of relative line broadening depends on the position of a given plane with respect to the glide plane and direction. It tends toward a maximum for SACP lines from those planes perpendicular to the Burgers vector and a minimum for those parallel to that vector. It is proposed that at the beginning of the deformation process, while only. a few systems operate, this phenomenon is most pronounced because of glide anisotropy.
Modernizing the MTT assay with microfluidic technology and image cytometry.

THE combination of microfluidic technology and imaging provides a new set of cytometric tools that can be quantitative and highly informative. Microfluidic devices can be used to capture small numbers of cells and expose those cells to a unique set of conditions (e.g., growth factors, toxins, and shear forces) by controlling the chemical and physical environment around the cells. The processes used to capture cells and manipulate the environment can all be controlled ‘‘on-chip,’’ reducing the number of manual handling steps, allowing for automation, minimizing the quantities of reagents required. Because the microfluidic device can be frequently placed on a microscope stage, quantitative, time lapse imaging can be used to record the dynamic responses of the cells. In the extreme, large numbers of individual cells can be specifically manipulated all while images are acquired on an automated microscope. In this issue of Cytometry, Lim et al. (page 691) adapt the standard methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay (1) to a microfluidic device and use automated imaging and image analysis to obtain single cell measurements. The MTT assay is a colorimetric assay that is typically performed in 96-well microtiter plates and at the end of the assay an absorbance measurement is made from each well using a plate reader. In routine applications, the MTT assay is used to assess cell viability or to measure cell proliferation. Because pharmaceutical agents or toxins can stimulate or inhibit cell growth, the MTT assay is frequently used as cytotoxicity assay. Typically, the treated and control cells are incubated for 2–4 h with the MTT reagent, 3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, at concentrations in the range of 1 mM. Metabolically active cells reduce the MTT reagent into purple formazan crystals, presumably through mitochondrial enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase. Before reading the plate, the crystals are dissolved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and then the absorbance is measured for each well. The results of the standard MTT assay are ambiguous because the absorbance measurement alone cannot be used to distinguish between changes in average enzyme activity of the cell population from changes in the number of cells that can occur by either cell proliferation or death. Furthermore, the
Spiny lobsters use urine-borne olfactory signaling and physical aggressive behaviors to influence social status of conspecifics

Decapod crustaceans, like many other animals, engage in agonistic behaviors that enhance their ability to compete for resources with conspecifics. These agonistic behaviors include the release of chemical signals as well as physical aggressive and submissive behaviors. In this study, we report that Caribbean spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus , use both urine-borne chemical signaling and physical aggressive behaviors during interactions with conspecifics, and that these agonistic behaviors can influence the behavior and eventual social status of the interactants. Spiny lobsters that engaged primarily in physical aggressive behaviors became dominant, whereas spiny lobsters that received these physical aggressive behaviors responded with avoidance behaviors and became subordinates. Dominant animals frequently released urine during social interactions, more than when they were not in contact with subordinates and more than when they were not paired with another animal. Subordinates released urine significantly less often than dominants, and no more than when not paired. Preventing release of urine by catheterizing the animals resulted in an increase in the number and duration of physical interactions, and this increase was primarily driven by dominants initiating interactions through physical aggressive behaviors. Introducing urine from one of the catheterized animals into an aquarium reduced physical aggressive behavior by dominant animals to normal levels. Urine-borne signals alone were capable of inducing avoidance behaviors from solitary spiny lobsters in both laboratory and field conditions. We conclude that urine serves as a chemical signal that communicates social status to the interactants. Ablation experiments showed that that these urine signals are detected primarily by aesthetasc sensilla of the olfactory pathway.
Where will I plant my potatoes? Development and the power to decide

“Development” all over the world has been thrust upon unwilling victims. In some cases, well-meaning researchers have tried to engage local owners in “participatory” projects where indigenous knowledge is invited to lead efforts to increase a reliable food supply and provide some of the benefits of a cash economy. Unfortunately, the clear assertions of local people, anthropologists, nongovernmental organizations, and common sense have rarely held out against the power of corporations. In this paper I look at examples, some that bring despair and others that give hope to people trying to maintain not only their identities but also their lives.
Evaluation of the Storm Prediction Center’s Convective Outlooks from Day 3 through Day 1

AbstractThe Storm Prediction Center issues four categorical convective outlooks with lead times as long as 48 h, the so-called day 3 outlook issued at 1200 UTC, and as short as 6 h, the day 1 outlook issued at 0600 UTC. Additionally, there are four outlooks issued during the 24-h target period (which begins at 1200 UTC on day 1) that serve as updates to the last outlook issued prior to the target period. These outlooks, issued daily, are evaluated over a relatively long period of record, 1999–2011, using standard verification measures to assess accuracy; practically perfect forecasts are used to assess skill. Results show a continual increase in the skill of all outlooks during the study period, and increases in the frequency at which these outlooks are skillful on an annual basis.
Extreme Precipitation and Beach Closures in the Great Lakes Region: Evaluating Risk among the Elderly

As a result of climate change, extreme precipitation events are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Runoff from these extreme events poses threats to water quality and human health. We investigated the impact of extreme precipitation and beach closings on the risk of gastrointestinal illness (GI)-related hospital admissions among individuals 65 and older in 12 Great Lakes cities from 2000 to 2006. Poisson regression models were fit in each city, controlling for temperature and long-term time trends. City-specific estimates were combined to form an overall regional risk estimate. Approximately 40,000 GI-related hospital admissions and over 100 beach closure days were recorded from May through September during the study period. Extreme precipitation (≥90th percentile) occurring the previous day (lag 1) is significantly associated with beach closures in 8 of the 12 cities (p < 0.05). However, no association was observed between beach closures and GI-related hospital admissions. These results support previous work linking extreme precipitation to compromised recreational water quality.
The influence of workplace exclusion and personality on counterproductive work behaviours: An interactionist perspective

The current research examined some of the person and situation factors that contribute to counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). More specifically, this research examined the unique and interactive effects of perceived workplace exclusion and personality, as measured via the NEO-FFI, on two types of CWB: interpersonal and organizational. Participants included 105 employees from a mid-sized Midwestern utility company in the US. All employees completed a Workplace Experiences Survey. As predicted, exclusion via co-workers was related to interpersonal forms of CWB, whereas, exclusion by supervisors was related to organizational CWB. Support was also obtained for several of the predicted interactions between workplace exclusion and personality on CWB such that the relation between exclusion and CWB was strongest for employees whose personality exhibited less behavioural constraint. Results are discussed in terms of their implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
Who enrolls in a program for parents of publicly insured children

ABSTRACT: Although interest in expanding SCHIP coverage to parents has grown over the past five years, few such expansions have actually been implemented. State governments and health plan administ...
The electric field gradient in cadmium metal and the decay of 115Cdm

Abstract Using the anisotropy of γ-rays from 115Cdm nuclei oriented in a cadmium single crystal at low temperatures, the electric field gradient is measured as Vzz=+(1.29±0.37) × 1015esu/sm3. Mixing ratios of several γ-rays are also reported
Quantizing fourth-order gravity theories: The functional integral

The first part of a detailed analysis of the one-loop divergences of fourth-order gravity theories is presented. The functional-integral structure is determined and the three kinds of ghosts which appear are discussed. Field operators and gauge-fixing terms are derived and are found to be far more complicated than those of standard second-order theory, whose details are presented for comparison to the fourth-order case. We outline how, in future papers, we will approach the computation of the one-loop counterterms using pseudo-differential operator techniques and related methods. We also discuss briefly what other workers have done and are doing in studies of the problems inherent in fourth-order gravity and its extensions. Finally, we emphasize the need to investigate the full non-linear theory with coordinate-space methods and mention some of the problems brought about by linearization. Details of calculations and the multilevel-mass-spectrum theory are presented in several appendices.
A technique for placing ventriculoperitoneal shunts in a neonatal model of hydrocephalus

Induction of hydrocephalus in a neonatal animal with subsequent surgical decompression is the most analogous situation to the clinical state of infantile hydrocephalus. Described in detail is a reliable method for the placement of pressure-dependent ventriculoperitoneal shunts in neonatal kittens with hydrocephalus. Successful decompression can be quantified using ultrasound. This model allows for observation of hydrocephalic changes that may persist or be corrected after shunting, be they morphological, behavioral or biochemical. In addition, potential pitfalls in performing the procedure and in postoperative care of the kittens are addressed.
The marginal zone of the 32-cell amphibian embryo contains all the information required for chordamesoderm development

The formation of the amphibian organizer is evidenced by the ability of cells of the dorsal marginal zone (DMZ) to self-differentiate to form notochord and to induce the formation of other axial structures from neighboring regions of the embryo. We have attempted to determine when these abilities are acquired in the urodele, Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl), and in the anuran, Xenopus laevis, by removing the mesodermalizing influence of the vegetal hemisphere at different stages of development and culturing the animal hemisphere isolate. This was possible, even at the 32 and 64-cell stage, through the use of embryos with rare cleavage patterns. Cultured isolates were analyzed for morphological differentiation of mesodermal and neural structures, and for biochemical differentiation of the tissue-specific enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Large amounts of mesodermal and neural structures, and normal expression of AChE were found in isolates made as early as the 32-cell stage in both species. Only a small increase in the percentage of isolates developing mesoderm was detected when isolations were made at later cleavage or blastula stages. The amount of mesoderm formed did not depend on the stage of isolation. Mesoderm differentiation was usually limited to the notocord and muscle. The isolates rarely formed pronephros, mesothelium, or mesenchyme, derivatives of ventral mesoderm, during normal development. The results indicate that the marginal zone of the cleavage-stage embryo contains all of the information needed for the formation of the organizer. The formation of dorsal mesoderm does not require subsequent interaction with the cells of the vegetal hemisphere, although the presence of those cells is likely to play a role in normal pattern formation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Oxidative Damage and Cancer

Considerable evidence has linked oxidative damage and cancer. This Commentary will briefly review this area in light of new data linking specific gene modification with oxidative damage.
Arthroscopic Suture Repair of Peripheral Tears of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Using a Volar Portal

Surgical repair of a Palmer type IB triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tear can be difficult using conventional dorsal portals and it may need special repair kits. The authors describe an arthroscopic technique using an additional volar portal that allows quick access and a secure purchase of peripheral TFCC tears as well as a distinct approach to dorsal wrist structures.
Nanostructures for enzyme stabilization

Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have made various nanostructured materials more affordable for a broader range of applications. Although we are still at the beginning of exploring the use of these materials for biocatalysis, various nanostructures have been examined as hosts for enzyme immobilization via approaches including enzyme adsorption, covalent attachment, enzyme encapsulation, and sophisticated combinations of methods. This review discusses the stabilization mechanisms behind these diverse approaches; such as confinement, pore size and volume, charge interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and multipoint attachment. In particular, we will review recently reported approaches to improve the enzyme stability in various nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, mesoporous materials, and single enzyme nanoparticles (SENs). In the form of SENs, each enzyme molecule is surrounded with a nanometer scale network, resulting in stabilization of enzyme activity without any serious limitation for the substrate transfer from solution to the active site. SENs can be further immobilized into mesoporous silica with a large surface area, providing a hierarchical approach for stable, immobilized enzyme systems for various applications, such as bioconversion, bioremediation, and biosensors.
A similarity treatment of the Russell-Weissenberg oscillatory experiment

A similarity treatment of theRussell-Weissenberg oscillatory experiment is given in the form of an analytic function. The treatment is very compact and solutions are shown in the form of succesive approximations and in series form, the latter may also be expressed in the form of aBessel function of complex argument.
A Functional Enhancer of Keratin14 Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of ΔNp63

Keratin14 (K14) is a prototypic marker of dividing basal keratinocytes where its gene is transcribed at high levels. Transcriptional regulation of K14 is governed by an evolutionarily conserved functional enhancer marked by DNase 1 hypersensitive sites present upstream of the gene. This enhancer is sufficient to confer epidermal-specific gene expression, which is mediated in part by binding of members of activator protein-2 (AP)-2, AP-1, Ets, and Sp1 families of transcription factors. Here we provide evidence that a keratinocyte-specific nuclear protein identified as ΔNp63 binds to a conserved motif within this enhancer. Interestingly, the selective expression profile of ΔNp63 in various cell lines correlates with both the nuclear complex and the expression of K14. Biochemical studies reveal that ΔNp63 can bind to a specific DNA sequence present in the K14 enhancer and this binding leads to transactivation. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments with ΔNp63-specific antibodies demonstrate that the enhancer is occupied by ΔNp63 in cultured keratinocytes and in mouse skin epidermal cells in vivo . Finally, we show that ectopic expression of either p63 isoform (ΔN or TA) can induce de novo expression of K14. These studies provide a potential mechanism by which ΔNp63 directly governs the expression of K14 in a keratinocyte-specific manner.
Measurement-based scatter correction for cone-beam CT in radiation therapy

Cone-beam CT (CBCT) is being increasingly used in modern radiation therapy. However, as compared to conventional CT, the degraded image quality of CBCT hampers its applications in radiation therapy. Due to the large volume of x-ray illumination, scatter is considered as one of the fundamental limitations of CBCT image quality. Many scatter correction algorithms have been proposed in the literature, while drawbacks still exist. In this work, we propose a correction algorithm which is particularly useful in radiation therapy. Since the same patient is scanned repetitively during one radiation treatment course, we measure the scatter distribution in one scan, and use the measured scatter distribution to estimate and correct scatter in the following scans. A partially blocked CBCT is used in the scatter measurement scan. The x-ray beam blocker has a strip pattern, such that the whole-field scatter distribution can be estimated from the detected signals in the shadow region and the patient rigid transformation can be determined from the reconstructed image using the illuminated detector projection data. From the derived patient transformation, the measured scatter is then modified accordingly and used for scatter correction in the following regular CBCT scans. The proposed method has been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations and physical experiments on an anthropomorphic chest phantom. The results show a significant suppression of scatter artifacts using the proposed method. Using the reconstruction in a narrow collimator geometry as a reference, the comparison also shows that the proposed method reduces reconstruction error from 13.2% to 3.8%. The proposed method is attractive in applications where a high CBCT image quality is critical, for example, dose calculation in adaptive radiation therapy.
Divergent transcriptional enhancer factor-1 regulates the cardiac troponin T promoter.

MCAT elements are essential for cardiac gene expression during development. Avian transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) proteins are muscle-enriched and contribute to MCAT binding activities. H...
Further extension of the Gauss-Hertz principle

The continuum form of the Gauss-Hertz principle is extended to include the time domain as well as space. The Schrodinger equation and general relativity are derived by this method. The equivalence of the principle is shown to that of the Hamiltonian method where the energy is the expression −[φ∇ 2 φ+A·∇2A], with φ being the difference between the acceleration potential and potential energy density, andA being the difference between the vector potentials of the acceleration field and the force field. The goal of Hertz to “demonstrate a third arrangement of the principles of mechanics...which starts with... time, space and mass” has apparently been achieved for relativity and for quantum mechanics, in addition to those classical equations previously found.
Atmospheric, riverine and oceanic sources of seven trace constituents to the arctic ocean

Abstract The Arctic atmosphere contains surprisingly high concentrations of aerosol during the winter half-year, to the point that deposition to the Arctic Ocean becomes of interest. For lack of better information, we assume that wet deposition dominates dry deposition in the Arctic to the same degree as in midlatitudes. If so, most of the Arctic deposition should take place in winter, when anthropogenic contributions to the Arctic aerosol are the greatest. Thus, anthropogenic influences should be seen in Arctic deposition, but to a lesser extent than in the Arctic aerosol. Estimates of atmospheric deposition and riverine transport of seven trace species (A1, V, Mn, Cd, Pb, SO 4 2− , NO 3 − ) to the Arctic Ocean suggest that riverine sources deposit more material than atmospheric sources, that riverine fluxes are often comparable to oceanic fluxes, and that atmospheric fluxes are usually much less than riverine or oceanic fluxes. Under certain circumstances, riverine Al, Mn, Cd and NO 3 − may significantly affect the oceanic concentrations. Atmospheric and riverine sources of SO 4 2− and V are both unimportant. Pb was the only element considered here whose atmospheric flux equals or exceeds the riverine and oceanic fluxes into and out of the Arctic basin; the atmosphere should thus have a major effect on Pb concentration in the Arctic Ocean.
An atomic-emission study of the removal and recovery of chromium from solution by an algal biomass (Chlorella vulgaris).

Abstract Inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry has been used to study the removal of chromium, principally in the sexivalent oxidation state, from solution by an algal biomass, Chlorella vulgaris, and its subsequent recovery. Binding of the chromium at the 5–100 μg/ml level was maximal (75%) at pH 3 within 3 min, with 5 mg of algae. Quantitative recovery of chromium was achieved by lowering the pH. The algae could be used four times in removal/recovery cycles before losing their 75% removal efficiency.
Weaving Transnational Cultural Identity through Travel and Diaspora in Sandra Cisneros’s Caramelo

Eleven years before the publication of Caramelo, or, Puro Cuento: A Novel (2002), Sandra Cisneros previewed one of its core concerns. The conclusion of her short story “Mericans” (1991) offers a snapshot of Caramelo’s extended examination of identity formation for Chicana/os who relate to Mexico as their mother country, home, and vacation site. Encountering a Chicano youth named Junior in a Mexico City plaza, a Euro-American tourist asks to take his picture (20). She expresses shock when Junior then calls to his siblings in English, which prompts him to reply, “Yeah, . . .we’re Mericans” (20). The combination of Junior’s fluent English and Mexican appearance, along with his self-designation as “Merican,” upends the tourist’s expectations of clear distinctions between Mexican and (US) American. In the tourist’s view, Junior shifts from a commodifiable representation of Mexicanidad, or “Mexicanness,” to a boy whose national, cultural, and linguistic identity bridges the US-Mexico border. Junior’s “Merican” identity thereby belies dominant conceptions of the US-Mexico border as a dividing line between two discrete nations and cultures. Moreover, Junior personifies the permeability of the border with his “Mericanness.” This undermines the promise frequently circulated by the contemporary tourism industry—namely, that tourists can escape the familiar by immersing themselves in exotic locales. More broadly, the term “Mericans” designates the subject position of peoples of Mexican descent living in the United States who identify strongly with both nations and speaks to the distinctive relationship many Chicana/os have to both diaspora and travel. Although much scholarship posits a tourist ontologically removed from the destination site, consideration of the Chicana/o diasporic subject who travels cyclically to Mexico from the US allows us to assess how (and if) existing theories of travel account for Chicana/o diasporic experiences and what new theories are required. The factors that make this group’s travel experiences distinctive include the close proximity of the two nations its members call home, and that ever since the US-Mexico border was constructed, people have moved regularly and
Biological 1H NMR spectroscopy

Abstract Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) is a powerful analytical method used to identify and quantitate chemical compounds. In recent years, it has been used to study rates of metabolism in microbes, isolated perfused tissues, intact animals, and human beings. This review highlights some of the more recent biological applications of 1H NMR in the study of metabolic pathophysiology in animals and man. 1H NMR can rapidly analyze complex mixtures of metabolites found in body fluid and biopsy specimens. In vivo1H NMR methods can measure intracellular pH, a wide variety of metabolites, tissue perfusion, and rates of metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Using 13C labeled compounds or magnetization transfer techniques metabolic fluxes may be measured in vivo during virtually all normal and abnormal physiological conditions.
On the Anatomy of Development Projects

The structure of an R & D project is described in terms of an Effort-Distribution Array. A logistic model is presented for the cumulative times series of effort devoted to a project, and problems of using such curves for prediction are discussed. A set of rules is given, which, with the aid of computer simulation, can be used to generate a project schedule. The consequences of several combinations of rules and restrictions are examined.
Possible Allosteric Significance of Water Structures in Proteins

Abstract In recent theoretical molecular dynamics studies of ion solvation and transport through the model peptide ionophore, gramicidin A, it has been observed that the waters forming a linear single file within the channel have solvation and dynamic properties quite different from those found in bulk water. Strongly correlated motions among the interior single file column of waters persist over 20 A. A speculation is entertained that related water structures could provide a mechanism for long range enzymatic allosteric effects as an alternative to chemical action at a distance propagated through the protein itself. Two possible specific mechanisms are discussed, hydraulic and “proton wire”. As a further control mechanism, the possibility is considered of modulating the allosteric effect though protein motion to open or close the channel thus producing a “valve” in the hydraulic line or a “switch” in the proton wire.
SUMMATION OF LOGARITHMIC INTERACTIONS IN PERIODIC MEDIA

We present a set of expressions for evaluating energies and forces between particles interacting logarithmically in a finite two-dimensional system with periodic boundary conditions. The formalism can be used for fast and accurate, dynamical or Monte Carlo, simulations of interacting line charges or interactions between point and line charges. The expressions are shown to converge to usual computer accuracy (~10–16) by adding only few terms in a single sum of standard trigonometric functions.
Implant Surface Modification Using Laser Guided Coatings: In Vitro Comparison of Mechanical Properties

Purpose: Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants show failures along the coating–substrate interface due to poor bond strength. We analyzed HA coatings obtained by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and compared them to commercially used plasma-sprayed coatings with respect to their bond strength to titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), as well as surface roughness alterations produced by each of the two deposition methods. Materials and Methods: Twelve titanium alloy disks were plasma-sprayed under commercial implant coating conditions, and 24 titanium alloy disks were coated using PLD. All coatings were characterized by the presence of the different calcium phosphate (CaP) phases. The plasma-sprayed coatings (n = 12) were predominantly HA, and the pulsed laser-deposited coatings were hydroxydyapatite (n = 12) and HA coating with a tetra calcium phosphate (TTCP) phase (n = 12). The surface roughness was analyzed before and after the coating processes to assess roughness changes to the surface by the coatings. The adhesive bond strengths of these coatings to the substrate titanium alloy was tested and compared. Scheffe's test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the data. Results: The surface roughness alteration following PLD was a decrease of 0.2 μm, whereas following plasma spraying the decrease was 1.0 μm. Bond strengths were as follows [mean (SD) in MPa]: pulsed laser-deposited HA coatings: 68.3 (17.8); pulsed laser-deposited HA with tetra-CaP: 55.2 (21.1); plasma-sprayed HA 17.0 (2.8). The multivariate Scheffe's test revealed that HA coatings obtained by PLD had significantly increased bond strengths compared with the plasma sprayed ones (p≤ 0.05). Conclusions: HA coatings obtained by PLD showed greater adherence to titanium alloy. PLD offers an alternative method to produce thinner coatings with better adherence properties, along with precise control over the deposition process.
Soil–structure interaction for landslide stabilizing piles

Abstract The mechanics of the mobilization of resistance from passive pile groups subjected to lateral soil movement is discussed from the standpoint of the arching effect. The existence of an arching zone around pile groups for granular and fine-grained soils is examined first using the finite difference computer code FLAC [Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua, version 3.4, manual (1998)]. Pile load-displacement curves and the arching effect are linked together to explain how the stresses transfer from the soil to the pile. The effect of parameter changes on pile/soil interaction are also explained by the changes in the arching phenomenon. The results reveal that the formation and shape of the arching zone are functions of pile arrangement, relative pile/soil displacement, pile shape, interface roughness, and soil dilation angle. Group effects in granular soil are significant but no significant effects in fine-grained soil under lateral active loading and lateral soil movement (passive loading) for one row of piles, was observed.
The elastic constants of V2O3 in the insulating phase

Abstract The initial slopes of the acoustic phonon dispersion curves in (V0.98Cr0.02)2O3 have been measured at room temperature in several of the high symmetry directions by inelastic neutron scattering. From these data several sound velocities and four independent elastic constants have been determined. Although the Cr doped specimen is in the insulating phase and pure V2O3 is metallic, these results are in good agreement with recent data (1) obtained by ultrasonic measurements on pure V2O3.
Least-Squares Residual Solution for Displacement Control of a Composite Piezothermoelastic Cylinder

A least-squares method is employed for displacement control of a composite cylinder consisting of a thermoelastic inner layer in contact with a piezothermoelastic outer layer. The inside surface of the composite cylinder is subject to a prescribed axisymmetric ambient temperature. A solution is obtained for the uncontrolled thermally-induced elastic and electrostatic responses throughout the cylinder. Next the voltage applied to the cylinder's outer surface needed to suppress the radial displacement in a least-squares sense is found, and the resulting controlled responses are determined. Both stationary and transient situations are considered. Numerical results are calculated and compared with those obtained using a computer algebra system and Laplace transform analysis.
Engineering soil mapping from airphotos

Abstract Southern Africa, rapidly developing but short of highly trained technicians particularly in the civil engineering field, has of recent years turned more and more to airphoto interpretation as the tool for terrain evaluation, enabling large areas to be identified, classified and evaluated with the barest minimum of field work. The preparation of detailed engineering soil maps, showing drainage pattern, soil type and classification and construction material availability, has become routine in Rhodesia; particularly on bridge, airfield, road and dam construction projects. With the necessity of producing trained staff in the shortest possible time, methods of data storage have become vital. In Rhodesia an index system, built up from experience, has been prepared and is available to the interpreter. By referring to a simple form of card index system on which are recorded similar geological, topographical, climatical and drainage patterns, he can obtain the necessary information to enable him to undertake airphoto evaluation of an area even though he may never have had previous experience with the type of country or geology in which his assignment falls.
Comparison of Channel Catfish Age Estimates and Resulting Population Demographics Using Two Common Structures

Abstract Sagittal otoliths and the articulating process of the pectoral spine have both been validated as accurate techniques for estimating the age of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (≤age 4). However, there is limited information on the relative precision of estimates from these two structures. Thus, we analyzed the precision of age estimates derived from otoliths and the articulating process of the pectoral spine and compared the dynamic processes (recruitment, growth, and mortality) resulting from those estimates. Aging structures were removed from 110 channel catfish captured from the Wabash River (river kilometers 550–9.6) via day–time electrofishing. The age estimation methodologies were similar to those described in previous studies. Agreement between the ages derived from the two structures was high; the average percent error was 8.4%, the coefficient of variation was 11.4, and the slope of the age bias plots did not differ from 1, indicating similar age assignments between structures. The co...
In Brief: Classifications in Brief: Vancouver Classification of Postoperative Periprosthetic Femur Fractures

With a growing elderly population, the rates of primary and revision THAs also have increased. Paralleling the increased number of hip reconstructive procedures performed is the incidence of periprosthetic femur fractures [14]. Each periprosthetic fracture poses a unique challenge to the treating orthopaedic surgeon because of the many variables that must be considered with each fracture pattern. These variables include the relationship of the fracture to the implant, the specifics of the implant including wear, and the functional demands of the patient. A couple studies outline the impact of periprosthetic femur fractures on mortality. Lindahl et al. investigated outcomes in patients from the Swedish national hip arthroplasty register and described higher mortality rates after surgery for patients with periprosthetic femoral fractures compared with patients who had total hip replacements [16]. Bhattacharyya et al. similarly found an increased mortality rate of 11% at 1 year (21% cumulative mortality rate) in patients treated operatively for periprosthetic femur fractures compared with a rate of 2.9% in patients who underwent primary joint arthroplasties [3]. They recorded mortality rates approaching those documented after hip fracture (16.5%), and also noted a nearly threefold increase in mortality in patients who sustained a fracture at the level of the prosthesis and were treated with open reduction and internal fixation versus patients treated with revision arthroplasty [3]. The Vancouver classification developed by Duncan and Masri [10] and Masri et al. [17] is the most widely accepted classification scheme to group fractures with similar characteristics from which a treatment algorithm is derived. Previous classification schemes and treatment algorithms for periprosthetic femur fractures focused primarily on location, fracture pattern, implant stability, and/or potential for loosening [2, 7, 13, 18, 21]. The Vancouver classification assimilates three key factors: location, stability of the implant, and the surrounding bone stock (Table 1). The classification has since been modified by Masri et al. to include intraoperative in addition to postoperative periprosthetic femur fractures [17]. The remainder of this discussion will focus on the Vancouver classification of postoperative periprosthetic femur fractures.
Regional and temporal variations in heavy precipitation in south carolina

Daily precipitation amounts greater than 50 mm from long-term weather stations in South Carolina were analysed in order to determine their seasonal and annual frequencies and spatial variability. Year to year, the annual amount of precipitation produced by heavy rainfalls was not well correlated between stations ( –0.10≤r≤ + 0.65). The seasonal analysis detected three heavy precipitation regimes: (i) the mountainous region in western South Carolina with a winter maximum; (ii) the coastal plain with a distinct summer maximum; and (iii) the region in between with a summer-autumn maximum. Such results indicate that site-specific data should be used to examine large daily precipitation amounts rather than regionally averaged data because the primary four climatic and synoptic controls that create heavy precipitation vary considerably across South Carolina. Temporal analyses of the site-specific, annual, large daily precipitation amounts and regional average annual precipitation showed generally weak to moderate correlations (+0.25 ≤r ≤0.57), indicating that interannual changes in annual precipitation are not well related to changes in annual contributions due to large daily precipitation amounts. Differences between regional wet and dry decadal periods were associated with significant changes in the annual large daily precipitation amounts at some but not all stations, indicating that similar long-term changes cannot be assumed across a region as small as South Carolina. This information is useful to water managers and has potential utility for estimating conditions in a changing climate.
Synthesis of [2.2]ferrocenophane-1,13-diyne

Abstract The synthesis of [2.2]ferrocenophane-1,13-diyne, the first member of this class of ferrocenes having bridging acetylenic elements is achieved by coupling of the cuprous salt of 1-ethynyl-1′-iodoferrocene. The physical properties of this substance are described.
The virtual network system

The goal of our work is to give students a hands-on experience designing, deploying and debugging parts of the Internet infrastructure, such as an Internet router that routes real network traffic, or a security firewall. To do so normally requires that the students have access to snoop and generate raw network traffic, which is a risk to privacy and security. And it normally requires each student to have a dedicated computer, and to modify the kernel. The Virtual Network System (VNS) is a teaching tool designed for undergraduate and graduate networking courses. With VNS, each student can build a router (or any packet-processing device) in user-space, in their own private, protected topology, and process real Internet traffic. VNS has been used by over 500 students at Stanford and remotely from other universities. This paper describes the VNS tool, and our experiences using it in the classroom.
An endogenous ovarian growth factor which stimulates BALB/3T3 and granulosa cell proliferation.

Extracts of whole porcine ovary stimulate BALB/3T3 1� HI DNA synthesis in BALB/3T3 cells. Biochemical characterization indicates the growth factor is associated with a soluble cationic protein that is labile to heat, stable to dithiothreitol treatment and elutes from Sephadex G-100 between chymotrypsin (25,000 Mr) and cytochrome C (12,700 Mr). Extracts of thecal tissue have growth-promoting activity in both granulosa and 3T3 cells, Conditioned medium from thecal but not granulosa cell cultures stimulates (>HI DNA synthesis in quiescent 3T3 and granulosa cells. The results indicate the presence of an endogenous protein ovarian growth factor found in the theca that stimulates granulosa cell proliferation in vitro. BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 29, 1135-1141 (1983)
On Sampling Inspection in the Presence of Inspection Errors

A large lot is to be sampled by a number of inspectors for the purpose of ascertaining its number of defective units. However, instead of a defective unit always being detected if it is sampled, there are unknown probabilities, depending on the inspectors, that the unit will not be identified as a defective. We offer an approach to estimating the number of defective units in the lot.
Publicly posted composite documents with identity based encryption

Recently-introduced Publicly Posted Composite Documents (PPCDs) enable composite documents with different formats and differential access control to participate in cross-organizational workflows distributed over potentially non-secure channels. The original PPCD design was based on a Public Key Infrastructure, requiring each workflow participant to own a pair of public and private keys. This solution also required the document master to know the corresponding valid public keys (certificates) of all participants prior to commencement of the workflow. Using Identity Based Encryption (IBE), a recently described cryptographic technique, we eliminate the requirement for the prior knowledge and distribution of the workflow participants' keys. The required public keys for each workflow participant are calculated based on user identities and other relevant factors at workflow onset. The generation of corresponding private keys can be delayed up until the workflow step, when the corresponding workflow participants require access to the document. The solution presented provides automatic workflow order enforcement and the ability to impose multiple document release dates real-time.
Distribution and abundance of hyperiid amphipods in relation to summer mesoscale features in the southern Gulf of Mexico

Seventy-one hyperiid species were idenqfied jiom 97 zooplankton samples collected in the southern Gulf of Mexico during July 1988. About 91% of the adult individuals belonged to five species: Lestrigonus bengalensis (86.56% of total hyperiid numbers), Anchylomera blossevillei (1.20%), Phronimopsis spinfera (1.05%), Hyperioides longipes (1.00%) and Hyperietta vosseleri (0.99%). Overall, up to 74% of the hyperiids were collected at night, although a reverse migration was observed in the anticyclones. The mean abundance was 5-fold higher at the neritic stations than in the oceanic areas. This tendency was even more marked at night. Night samples yielded about the same number of species as during the daytime (56 taxa versus 61). Four mesoscale features (two anticyclones, one cyclone and one upwelling) characterized the oceanic mesoscale circulation in the surveyed area. The abundance of the oceanic hyperiid community showed significant differences related to some of the mesoscale features active in the area, i.e. the abundance in the Lazy Eddy anticyclone was lower than that in the cyclone (day and night). Overall, the upwelling areas showed a tendency to have higher abundances than the downwelle features (anticyclones). Cluster analysis indicated neritic-ureanic differences rather than mesoscale feature-related differences in the local hyperiid community. The neritic community showed differences that were attributed to the sect of upwelling. The summer and spring hyperiid communities had important differences in the same area, thus suggesting a seasonal succession of the gulf hyperiid community.
The Knowledge Uncertainty Principle in Biomedical Sciences

According to the Knowledge Uncertainty Principle described in Sect. 5.2.7, all knowledge is uncertain (including physical, chemical, biological, mathematical, pharmacological, toxicological, medical, and philosophical knowledge), which agrees with the views expressed by many thinkers throughout the ages (Sect. 5.2.5). What is new in this book is the idea of quantitating the degree of uncertainty of a knowledge using what is referred to as the Kosko entropy or SK in Sect. 5.2.7. A knowledge with SK = 1 is least certain and that with SK = 0 is 100% certain, which is thought to be beyond human capacity as indicated by Inequality 5.26. A knowledge has been defined as the ability to answer a question or solve a problem (Sect. 5.2.7). These ideas will be illustrated using the Nrf2 signaling pathway in toxicology as an example.