cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE INTERACTION OF FIBRINOLYSIN (PLASMIN) WITH THE INHIBITORS ANTIFIBRINOLYSIN AND SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR.

Abstract A turbidimetric technique was used to measure the activity of fibrinolysin (FL). The substrates used were fibrinogen and the fibrin derivatives produced during visual lysis of fibrin. With fibrinogen as a substrate, the Michaelis constant was estimated to be 3.6 × 10 −5 M . Inhibition of fibrinolysis and the process after visual lysis was obtained with crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor and an antifibrinolysin preparation from bovine plasma (estimated M.W. 57,000). Th calculated dissociation constant of the complex between FL and antifibrinolysin was 7 × 10 −7 . The dissociation constant for the complex between FL and trypsin inhibitor must be considerably less. Effects of heparin and epsilon-amino-caproic acid were also studied. We have estimated that at low FL concentrations in plasma the concentrations of bound FL is one hundred times larger than the concentration of free FL. The increase in lysis times in the presence of inhibitors can be partly reversed with mercurials.
Dual Diathesis-Stressor Model of Emotional and Linguistic Contributions to Developmental Stuttering

This study assessed emotional and speech-language contributions to childhood stuttering. A dual diathesis-stressor framework guided this study, in which both linguistic requirements and skills, and emotion and its regulation, are hypothesized to contribute to stuttering. The language diathesis consists of expressive and receptive language skills. The emotion diathesis consists of proclivities to emotional reactivity and regulation of emotion, and the emotion stressor consists of experimentally manipulated emotional inductions prior to narrative speaking tasks. Preschool-age children who do and do not stutter were exposed to three emotion-producing overheard conversations—neutral, positive, and angry. Emotion and emotion-regulatory behaviors were coded while participants listened to each conversation and while telling a story after each overheard conversation. Instances of stuttering during each story were counted. Although there was no main effect of conversation type, results indicated that stuttering in preschool-age children is influenced by emotion and language diatheses, as well as coping strategies and situational emotional stressors. Findings support the dual diathesis-stressor model of stuttering.
DNA oligonucleotides with A, T, G or C opposite an abasic site: structure and dynamics

Abasic sites are common DNA lesions resulting from spontaneous depurination and excision of damaged nucleobases by DNA repair enzymes. However, the influence of the local sequence context on the structure of the abasic site and ultimately, its recognition and repair, remains elusive. In the present study, duplex DNAs with three different bases (G, C or T) opposite an abasic site have been synthesized in the same sequence context (5′-CCA AAG6 XA8C CGG G-3′, where X denotes the abasic site) and characterized by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Studies on a duplex DNA with an A opposite the abasic site in the same sequence has recently been reported [Chen,J., Dupradeau,F.-Y., Case,D.A., Turner,C.J. and Stubbe,J. (2007) Nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies and molecular modeling of duplex DNA containing normal and 4′-oxidized abasic sites. Biochemistry, 46, 3096–3107]. Molecular modeling based on NMR-derived distance and dihedral angle restraints and molecular dynamics calculations have been applied to determine structural models and conformational flexibility of each duplex. The results indicate that all four duplexes adopt an overall B-form conformation with each unpaired base stacked between adjacent bases intrahelically. The conformation around the abasic site is more perturbed when the base opposite to the lesion is a pyrimidine (C or T) than a purine (G or A). In both the former cases, the neighboring base pairs (G6-C21 and A8-T19) are closer to each other than those in B-form DNA. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that transient H-bond interactions between the unpaired pyrimidine (C20 or T20) and the base 3′ to the abasic site play an important role in perturbing the local conformation. These results provide structural insight into the dynamics of abasic sites that are intrinsically modulated by the bases opposite the abasic site.
Radiation-induced thyroid disease

Ionizing radiation has been demonstrated to result in a number of changes in the human thyroid gland. At lower radiation dose levels (between 10 and 1500 rads), benign and malignant neoplasms appear to be the dominant effect, whereas at higher dose levels functional changes and thyroiditis become more prevalent. In all instances, the likelihood of the effect is related to the amount and type of radiation exposure, time since exposure, and host factors such as age, sex, and heredity. The author's current approach to the evaluation of patients with past external radiation therapy to the thyroid is shown in Figure 1. The use of prophylactic thyroxine (T4) therapy is controversial. While T4 therapy may not be useful in preventing carcinogenesis when instituted many years after radiation exposure, theoretically T4 may block TSH secretion and stimulation of damaged cells to undergo malignant transformation when instituted soon after radiation exposure.
Coherent dynamics of N-level atoms and molecules. III. An analytically soluble periodic case

By employing an analogy with a spin-$J$ system in a constant magnetic field the authors obtain a simple soluble model for stepwise laser excitation of an $N$-level system ($N=2J+1$), including analytic treatment of Doppler detuning and of ionization loss. The solutions are periodic and hence permit complete population inversion. A simple graphical realization of the population dynamics, a generalization of the Feynman, Vernon, and Hellwarth vector model of the two-level Bloch equation, is then described.
Theoretical dipolar hyperfine constants for lattice nuclei near a shallow donor

Abstract A method has been formulated for calculating the dipole-dipole hyperfine constants for all lattice nuclei neighboring a shallow donor. Numerical calculations for the group V impurities in silicon explain the experimentally observed features and values.
In vivo and in vitro effects of tetrahydroisoquinolines and other alkaloids on rat pituitary function.

Abstract Several tetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) were tested for their in vitro and in vivo capacities to modulate prolactin (PRL) and β-endorphin (β-end) secretion by the rat pituitary and for their abilities to displace [ 3 H]spiroperidol and [ 3 H]naloxone binding from pituitary and hypothalamic membranes. Receptor binding studies showed that TIQs could be classified as having (a) higher affinity for opiate receptors (tetrahydropapaverine, papaverine, 6-methylsalsolinol, 1-carboxysalsolinol and 3',4'-deoxynorlaudanosolinecarboxylic acid), (b) higher affinity for the dopamine receptor (salsolinol and 7-methylsalsolinol), or (c) approximately equal affinity for the two binding sites (6,7-dimethylsalsolinol and tetrahydropapaveroline, THP). In freely moving male rats, THP produced a several-fold increase in plasma PRL levels. This effect was not altered by co-administration of naloxone but was attenuated by dopamine. In vitro several TIQs reversed the inhibitory effect of dopamine on PRL secretion by cultured anterior pituitary cells. The order of potencies of the TIQs in this system paralleled their order of potencies in the dopamine receptor assay. THP, the most potent dopamine antagonist, also blocked dopamine-mediated inhibiton of β-endorphin secretion from neurointermediate lobe cells in culture. These data demonstrate that THP and some other TIQs can act as dopamine antagonists in radioreceptor assays, in cell culture and in vivo .
Timing of bond investments: success with the expectational band approach

Abstract A new practical method for buying and selling decisions of bond investments which has been applied successfully by the World Bank for three years.
Deposition of the Bear Gulch Limestone: a Carboniferous Plattenkalk from central Montana

The Carboniferous Bear Gulch Limestone of the central Montana Big Snowy Trough is a lithographic limestone analogous to the plattenkalk carbonates of the Mesozoic European/Middle Eastern Tethyan belt. It contains an excellently preserved chitinous and phosphatic marine fauna. Petrographic and field studies synthesized with palaeontological data provide insights into depositional history. Tectonic activity initiated development of small en echelon basins. Rims of these basins were sites of high primary productivity. Photosynthesis by subtidal cyanobacterial mats and algae caused in situ precipitation of micrite. Cyanobacteria and algae also provided a food source for benthic and nektonic organisms, which provided food for predators. Respiration in turn provided carbon dioxide for continued photosynthesis. Thus a balanced ecosystem evolved. Productivity in the water column used up available oxygen, resulting in dysaerobic to anaerobic conditions in the bottom waters and sediments. This plus high sedimentation rates of carbonate ooze transported downslope, aided in preservation of whole-body fossils. There are no likely modern analogues known for the Bear Gulch Limestone. However, comparisons with Mesozoic plattenkalke demonstrate that it is most closely analogous to those deposited in shallow water back-reef areas of the Tethyan carbonate platform, rather than to those deposited in the deeper water shelf-edge environment. This is in agreement with the water depth of roughly 40 m estimated for the Bear Gulch Limestone.
An Ultrasound Examination of Tongue Movement during Swallowing

Six female adults were studied during the production of four single swallows each, using real-time ultrasound. A pellet was affixed to the tongue at the junction between the (calculated) anterior third and posterior two-thirds of the tongue surface. Direction, rate, and extent of pellet movement were measured and used to create stages of tongue blade movement during swallowing. Pellet movement was then compared to the three stages of hyoid movement (ascent, steady, descent). Anterior-posterior and superior-inferior components of pellet movement were examined and discussed.
Detecting Analogical Resemblance without Retrieving the Source Analogy

We examined whether people can detect analogical resemblance to an earlier experimental episode without being able to recall the experimental source of the analogical resemblance. We used four-word analogies (e.g., robin-nest/beaver-dam), in a variation of the recognition-without-cued-recall method (Cleary, 2004). Participants studied word pairs (e.g., robin-nest) and were shown new word pairs at test, half of which analogically related to studied word pairs (e.g., beaver-dam) and half of which did not. For each test pair, participants first attempted to recall an analogically similar pair from the study list. Then, regardless of whether successful recall occurred, participants were prompted to rate the familiarity of the test pair, which was said to indicate the likelihood that a pair that was analogically similar to the test pair had been studied. Across three experiments, participants demonstrated an ability to detect analogical resemblance without recalling the source analogy. Findings are discussed in terms of their potential relevance to the study of analogical reasoning and insight, as well as to the study of familiarity and recognition memory.
Clinical correlation between irrigation bottle contamination and clinical outcomes in post-functional endoscopic sinus surgery patients.

BackgroundSinonasal irrigation after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a common practice, but the role irrigation bottles play in iatrogenic contamination of the operated sinuses is unknown. Theref...
Synaptic regeneration and glial reactions in the transected spinal cord of the lamprey

We have examined axonal growth and synaptic regeneration in identified giant neurons of the transected lamprey spinal cord using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Wholemounts together with serial section light and electron microscopy, show that axons from identified Muller and Mauthner reticulospinal neurons grow across the lesion and regenerate new synaptic contacts. Relatively normal swimming returns in these animals by 3–4 weeks after spinal transection. This occurs despite the formation of regenerated synapses in regions of the cord that are not usually occupied by these neurons. The regenerating axons branch profusely in contrast to their unbranched state in the normal animal. In addition to showing the two synaptic configurations found normally, synapses may be formed by slender sprouts from the growing giant axon. These ‘sprout’ type synaptic contacts appear unique to the regenerating neuron. Only regenerated chemical synapses were seen; the morphologically mixed chemical and electrical (gap junction) synaptic complex common in the normal animal was not observed at regenerated synapses. The site of spinal transection in the functionally recovered animal shows an increase in the number of ependymal and glial cells. Ependymal-like cells appear in regions away from the central canal. The expanded ependymal and glial processes covering the peripheral surface of the injured cord become convoluted, in contrast to their normal smooth configuration. There is no collagen within the cord at the site of transection but a considerable deposition is seen external to the cord surface. Axonal growth across a spinal lesion and subsequent synaptic regeneration can be examined in single identifiable giant interneurons in the spinal cord of the larval lamprey. This preparation may be used as an assay to investigate factors that could contribute to functional recovery following central nervous system injury in the higher vertebrates.
Temperature dependence of the resistivity in metallic glasses

The temperature coefficient of the resistivity, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, of metallic glasses is calculated starting from the same formalism which has been used to calculate the resistivity in liquid transition metals. An explicit equation is derived for the temperature dependence which includes both effects due to the decrease in the static structure factor as well as those due to phonons. The magnitude as well as the explicit temperature dependence of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is in good agreement with experiment.
Are methyl halides produced on all ice surfaces? Observations from snow-laden field sites

Abstract We present data collected from a number of snow-covered environments including two polar locations (Summit, Greenland and the South Pole) and two mid-latitude regions (a remote site in northern Michigan, and Niwot Ridge, Colorado). At each site, concentrations of CH 3 I and C 2 H 5 I were enhanced within the interstitial air near the snow surface, compared to levels in boundary layer air. Fluxes of CH 3 Br from surface snow to the atmosphere were observed at each site except Niwot Ridge, where CH 3 Br appeared to have a sink. The mid-latitude sites showed significant emissions of CH 3 Cl , mostly originating at the ground surface and traveling up through the snow, while at the polar locations CH 3 Cl emissions from firn air were relatively small. In general, methyl halide mixing ratios in firn air were significantly greater at Summit than at the South Pole, with Summit showing a strong diurnal cycle in the production of alkyl halides that was well correlated with actinic radiation and firn temperature. We suggest that the most likely route to alkyl halide formation is through an acid catalyzed nucleophilic substitution of an alcohol type function by a halide, both of which should be preferentially segregated to the quasi-liquid layer at the surface of the snow grains. A series of experiments using a snow-filled quartz chamber irradiated by natural sunlight allowed estimation of emission trends that were hard to measure in the natural snowpack. These static chamber experiments confirmed significant production of the primary alkyl halides, following the order CH 3 Cl > CH 3 Br > C 2 H 5 Cl > CH 3 I > C 2 H 5 Br > C 2 H 5 I > 1 - C 3 H 7 Br > 1 - C 3 H 7 I . Our observations at all four locations, including polar and mid-latitude sites, imply that alkyl halide production may be associated with all surface snows.
Studies in phlebosclerosis. IV. Phlebosclerosis of the pulmonary veins.

Abstract Phlebosclerosis of the pulmonary veins is almost exclusively associated with congestive failure. It is independent of age and whether the congestive failure follows vascular or valvular disease. As in other phleboscleroses of whatever anatomic origin, the essential lesion is collagenous thickening of the intima. Hyperplasia of the elastica and atheroma are exceedingly rare. Pulmonary phlebosclerosis is nearly always associated with pulmonary arteriosclerosis and with phlebosclerosis of the inferior vena cava. In pure congestive heart failure, phlebosclerosis of the pulmonary veins and of the portal vein is associated in about 40 per cent of cases. On the other hand, in portal hypertension uncomplicated by congestive failure, as in hepatic cirrhosis and diffuse hepatoma, portal and pulmonary phlebosclerosis occurred simultaneously in about 25 per cent. This is accounted for by the observation that portocaval and portopulmonary anastomoses are common in prolonged portal hypertension.
The abundance and distribution of rattan over an elevation gradient in Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract The rattan flora of Central Sulawesi is abundant, species rich and patchily distributed in lowland and montane forests. I recorded the abundance and distribution of rattan on five randomly established 10 m × 1000 m transects between 830 and 1330 m elevation and associated changes in forest canopy heights, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and soil characteristics. Rattans were observed at all sites and elevations (100% of 10 m × 10 m sample plots in the transects contained rattan), but exhibited the greatest diversity (species richness) between 1180 and 1280 m elevation. Overall (all species and elevations), there was an average of 314 mature rattan genets per hectare. The two most prominent rattans in terms of size, abundance and distribution, Calamus zollingeri and Daemonorops robusta , averaged 62 and 40 genets/ha overall, respectively. Several other rattans, including C. leiocaulis , C. leptostachys, and C. ornatus occurred on all transects and all elevations. In contrast, C. didymocarpus , C. minahassae , C. symphysipus and Korthalsia celebica were patchily distributed, and C. didymocarpus and C. sp. (‘kalaka’) were restricted to higher elevations. Resident cane collectors differentiate C. zollingeri and D. robusta into low and high elevation forms on the basis of morphological and growth characteristics, but this distinction is not discernable in sterile specimens. Based on local classification, lowland forms of C. zollingeri and D. robusta were replaced by high elevation forms over less than 200 m vertical elevation which corresponds to the transition from upper lowland to montane forests. The mean canopy height of upper lowland forest between 900 and 1000 m was significantly greater than that of montane forests between 1100 and 1300 m (30.0 and 21.2 m, respectively). Soils in upper lowland forests had significantly higher concentrations of NO 3 and P, significantly lower organic matter levels and higher pH than montane soils in both O and A/E soil horizons. PAR levels did not vary significantly by forest type. Most large diameter rattans are marketed under a single trade name and cannot be distinguished by cane characteristics. These findings have significance for biodiversity conservation and management because rattan harvesting is widespread and unmanaged, and the Sulawesi rattan flora remains poorly known taxonomically and ecologically.
Ciprofloxacin overdose: Acute renal failure with prominent apoptotic changes

Acute renal failure due to ciprofloxacin has been well described. The previously reported cases have been consistent both clinically and pathologically with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). We report a case of ciprofloxacin overdose leading to acute renal failure characterized by acute tubular necrosis (ATN). The outstanding features in the patient's renal biopsy were those of distal nephron apoptosis, best seen in plastic-embedded sections and electron microscopy. This report shows that the distal nephron can be singularly involved in acute renal failure and that electron microscopy or plastic-embedded sections may be necessary to define its involvement.
High-strain-rate characterization of TPOs and graphite/epoxy and graphite/peek composites

Tensile and compressive stress-strain response of two types of TPOs and graphite-epoxy composites are investigated at strain rates in the range 0.001/s-1000/s. Specimen strain in the low strain rate regime 0.001-100/s was determined using an optical extensometer in conjunction with standard MTS machine. Tensile test at high strain rate were performed on newly developed tensile version of All- Polymeric Split Hopkinson Bar. Tensile TPO specimens in the dog-bone configuration are placed in specially designed grips fabricated from nylatron. Compression response of TPO specimens at high strain rate is determined using 25.4-mm diameter aluminum bars. Peak compressive stress increases from 10 MPa at a strain rate of 100/s to 35 MPa at a strain rate of 1000/s. Preliminary data on high strain rate tensile response of graphite-epoxy and graphite-peek composites are presented. These data are intended to develop a material model incorporating strain rate sensitivity for TPOs and to be used in car crash simulations.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of irrigation on the environment of selected areas of the Western United States and implications to world population growth and food production

Studies of irrigation drainage in the Western United States have documented some of the effects of irrigating land without first understanding and then considering implications from the interdependent relationships of hydrology, geology, geochemistry, biology, climatology, land use and socio-economic issues. In studies completed in 26 areas, selenium is the trace element found most often at elevated concentrations in water, bottom material and biota. Boron, arsenic, mercury and pesticide residues have also been found at elevated levels in some areas. Bioaccumulation of constituents associated with irrigation drainage is common. As the world experiences an explosive population growth, particularly in poorer countries, demands for food production from marginal, submarginal and newly irrigated soils are likely to cause severe adverse environmental impacts from allocation of limited water resources and contamination from irrigation drainwater. Cultivated marginal land is highly susceptible to degradation from soil erosion, salinization and waterlogging, not withstanding release of contaminants from application of irrigation water.
Transmission in ballistic quantum dots

Abstract In 1957, Landauer revolutionized the approach to the treatment of transport in condensed matter systems through the concept that the conductance could be directly related to the transmission coefficient through the system. Recently, this idea has become all pervasive in the study of mesoscopic systems, Here, we discuss the transport of ballistic carriers through strongly confined (but open) systems, known as quantum dots. The idea of transmission allows the connection of both classical and quantum concepts, and this opens the door to extend these studies to that of the quantum-to-classical transition.
Disruption of the upper female reproductive tract epithelium by nonoxynol-9

Spermicides containing nonoxynol-9 (N-9) may increase HIV transmission. In women, intravaginal N-9 is found in the uterus shortly after its insertion. Exposure of the female upper reproductive tract to N-9 may alter epithelial integrity, thereby increasing HIV transmission risk. Our goal was to characterize the histological effects of N-9 on uterine epithelium in an animal model. Female mice were exposed to intravaginal or intrauterine Advantage-S (N-9), Replens, K-Y(R) jelly or water. After various exposure times, mice were sacrificed and stained uterine tissue sections were analyzed by a pathologist blinded to treatment.Intravaginal and intrauterine N-9 administration resulted in disruption of uterine epithelium compared to Replens, K-Y jelly or water. N-9 caused rapid (within 10 min), focal, uterine epithelial sloughing and complete epithelial loss within 24 h. Epithelial regeneration began 48 h after exposure N-9 and was completely restored within 72 h; the new epithelial layer, however, was composed of cuboidal cells instead of normally present columnar cells. In addition, hemorrhage and necrosis were present are all time points examined. Our results demonstrate for the first time that N-9 has a deleterious effect on uterine epithelium. Although these results were observed in a mouse model, similar disruption of the upper reproductive tract epithelium in women by N-9 may facilitate HIV infection and serve as an unrecognized portal of human HIV transmission.
Retinal location and string position as important variables in visual information processing

Three experiments were conducted to isolate the effects of retinal locus and string position in tachistoscopic letter recognition. Retinal locus proved to be an important variable even when its range was restricted to less than a degree from the center of the fovea. Performance was maximal at the center of the fovea, dropping off rapidly to about 1.5 deg from the center. From that distance on, the decline in performance was quite gradual. String position was also an important factor. Retinal locus and string position interacted in such a way that the end positions were less affected by retinal locus than the middle positions. It was also found that processing order, as distinct from report order, was a significant component of the string position effect.
On extremal measures for conservative particle systems

Abstract It is well known that the exclusion, zero-range and misanthrope particle systems possess families of invariant measures due to the mass conservation property. Although these families have been classified a great deal, a full characterization of their extreme points is not available. In this article, we consider an approach to the study of this classification. One of the results in this note is that the zero-range product invariant measures, ∏i∈Sμα(·), for an infinite countable set S, under mild conditions, are identified as extremal for α(·)∈HZR where μα(i)(k)=Z(α(i))−1α(i)k/g(1)⋯g(k) with g and Z the rate function and normalization respectively, and HZR is the set of invariant measures for the transition probability p.
Heterogeneity and dynamics in villin headpiece crystal structures.

The villin headpiece domain (HP67) is the C-terminal F-actin-binding motif that confers F-actin-bundling activity to villin, a component of the actin bundles that support the brush-border microvilli. It has been investigated extensively by both experimental and theoretical measurements. Our laboratory, for example, has determined both its NMR and its crystal structures. This study presents the structures of HP67 and its pH-stabilized mutant (H41Y) in a different crystal form and space group. For both constructs, two molecules are found in each asymmetric unit in the new space group P61. While one of the two structures (Mol A) is structurally similar to our previously determined structure (Mol X), the other (Mol B) has significant deviations, especially in the N-terminal subdomain, where lattice contacts do not appear to contribute to the difference. In addition, the structurally most different crystal structure, Mol B, is actually closer to the averaged NMR structure. Harmonic motions, as suggested by the B-factor profiles, differ between these crystal structures; crystal structures from the same space group share a similar pattern. Thus, heterogeneity and dynamics are observed in different crystal structures of the same protein even for a protein as small as villin headpiece.
Failure of antipsychotic drug dose to explain abnormal diurnal weight gain among 129 chronically psychotic inpatients.

1. 1. The diurnal weight gain was found to be abnormal among 129 chronically psychotic inpatients. 2. 2. The patients were weighed at 7 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekly for three weeks. We normalized the diurnal weight gain (NDWG) as a percentage by subtracting the 7 a.m. weight from the 4 p.m. weight, multiplying the difference by 100, and then dividing the result by the 7 a.m. weight. 3. 3. NDWG was 2.2 ± 1.5 percent for 87 male patients compared (p < .0001) with .53 ± .41 for 14 male controls. 4. 4. NDWG was 1.8 ± 1.0 percent for 42 female patients compared (p < .0001) with .49 ± .30 for 15 female controls. 5. 5. Seventy percent of male and female patients had NDWG values greater than two standard deviations above the mean values of controls. 6. 6. Differences in age, sex, morning weight, antipsychotic drugs, lithium, carbamazepine, phenytoin, blood pressure, and pulse did not explain these findings.
An unresolved analogue of the Littlewood Conjecture

This article begins with an introduction to a conjecture made around 1930 in the area of Diophantine approximation: the Littlewood Conjecture. The conjecture asks whether any two real numbers can be simultaneously well approximated by rational numbers with the same denominator. The introduction also focuses briefly on an analogue of this conjecture, regarding power series and polynomials with coefficients in an infinite field. Harold Davenport and Donald Lewis disproved this analogue of the Littlewood Conjecture in 1963. Following the introduction we focus on a claim relating to another analogue of this conjecture. In 1970, John Armitage believed that he had disproved an analogue of the Littlewood Conjecture, regarding power series and polynomials with coefficients in a finite field. The remainder of this article shows that Armitage’s claim was false.
Feeding preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): intestinal blood flow characteristics and clinical outcomes

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effects of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on postprandial superior mesenteric artery blood flow velocities (SMA BFV)s and feeding tolerance in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates.Methods: Appropriate for gestational age, ELBW preterm neonates, tolerating bolus enteral feedings were eligible to participate in this prospective observational study. Pulsed Doppler was used to measure preprandial and postprandial (at 30 and 60 min) time-averaged mean velocity (TAMV), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) once during the day of life 5–7; at the same time, PDA size was estimated using the PDA: left pulmonary artery (LPA) ratio.Results: A total of 38 infants were studied, 16 in small, 13 in moderate and 9 in large PDA groups. The postprandial SMA BFVs were lower in the large PDA group, although not reaching statistical significance. Importantly, infants in the large PDA group reached full enteral intake later (p = 0.02) and had higher incidence of ...
Reactions of technetium hexafluoride with nitric oxide, nitrosyl fluoride and nitryl fluoride

Stoichiometry of technetium hexafluoride reactions is studied. Magnetic properties and infrared spectra of reaction products are studied and compared with those of analogous complexes of the hexafluorides of tungsten, rhenium, and osmium.
Quality Cutting: Perceived Faculty and Staff Effects of State Budget Cuts on Institutional Quality

Product degradation is the deterioration of a commodity over time. Since the beginning of the 21st century, higher education in South Carolina has engaged in a process of cutting state funding to higher education. During this process questions emerged on the effects of the cuts on the many education programs that depend on state funding. The purpose of this study was to measure the perceptions of university faculty and administrators’ concerning the recent budget cuts in South Carolina and determine if the term product degradation can be appropriately applied to the educational product at state-supported four-year institutions in South Carolina.
Hodgkin's disease in childhood

A retrospective study of 116 children with Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in the period 1935–1970 was undertaken to assess the prognostic role of histopathologic classification and clinical extent of the disease. The ages of the 80 boys and 36 girls ranged from 2.5 years to 15.0 years (mean, 10.0 years). The histopathologic diagnosis by lymph node biopsy revealed lymphocyte predominance in 22, nodular sclerosis in 67, mixed cellularity in 24, and lymphocyte depletion in 3. Within the subgroup of nodular sclerosis, 47 biopsies had classic well-developed collagenous bands, whereas 20 were in the cellular phase (10 without collagenous bands and 10 with minimal collagen). The clinical extent of disease was determined. There were 33 patients with Stage I disease, 38 with Stage IIA, 12 with Stage IIB, 24 with Stage III, and 9 with Stage IV. Survival correlated with histopathologic type and clinical stage, but not with age or sex. Survival was not dependent on the degree of collagenization in nodular sclerosis. There were 29 patients who survived for more than 10 years. Four of these 29 subsequently died owing to acute myelomonocytic leukemia, carcinoma of the breast, sepsis, and progression of Hodgkin's disease, respectively. Neoplasms developed in two other long-term survivors (thyroid carcinoma in one, and multiple basal cell carcinomas in the other).
HEART RATE, SKIN CONDUCTANCE, AND INTENSITY RATINGS DURING EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ANXIETY: HABITUATION WITHIN AND AMONG DAYS

Twenty Ss were divided into two groups according to whether they received as a noxious stimulus in a count-up a mild shock or a punishing sound. Trials were varied over as well as within days. Among the findings: (1) There was considerable evidence of response fractionation among and within measures of heart rate, skin conductance, and rated stimulus intensity. (2) Trials over days exhibited an incubation effect for shock in the skin conductance data, a displacement of maximum heart rate reactivity toward the beginning of the time dimension, and a greater degree of habituation of the rated intensity of the shock stimulus than of the sound stimulus. It was concluded that habituation and incubation reflect cognitive processes, that the forward displacement of heart rate is the result of a centrally mediated inhibitory process, and that the gradient of such inhibition is steeper than the gradient of anxiety.
Evaluation of the SEPA in teaching undergraduate software engineering in the traditional computer science curriculum

Experiences provide computer science majors need to mirror the typical situation a student will encounter after graduation. The frustration as well as the benefit of working in a group can only be appreciated if experienced first hand. This has made the introduction of software engineering concepts into the traditional computer science curriculum an invaluable component in all computer science courses.The use of Software Engineering - A Practitioner's Approach (SEPA) in an undergraduate software engineering course taught at Montclair in the Spring of 1997 was an attempt to expose the students to situations as typical of real-world conditions as possible. In assessing the impact of this approach on undergraduate software education, I concluded that the SEPA can provide a rich and significantly worthwhile experience for students as the students in this course had very positive feedback regarding the course.
Correction of established capsular contractures with polyurethane implants

Twelve patients with severe and recurrent capsular contractures following breast augmentation and reconstruction were improved with polyurethane-covered implants. It still has not been established whether these implants prevent or merely delay the onset of contractures, but some of these patients have been followed for over three years and all 12 were improved.
Chronic cocaine administration and withdrawal of cocaine modify neurotensin binding in rat brain.

Neurotensin (NT) is a peptide colocalized with dopamine (DA) within some mesocorticolimbic DA neurons that are affected by cocaine. We assessed whether chronic treatment with cocaine and withdrawal from cocaine would alter NT binding within these and other areas in the brain. Rats were given infusions repeatedly of isotonic saline or cocaine (1 mg/kg i.v. every 12 min for 2 hr over 10 days) and then were killed within 15 min of the last treatment session ("cocaine" or "saline") or 10 days later ("withdrawal"). Brains were processed for NT receptor autoradiography. Cocaine affected NT binding in the mesocortical regions differently from other areas. Within the mesocorticolimbic system, NT binding in the parabrachial pigmented nucleus of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was 67% lower in cocaine-treated rats killed immediately after or 10 days after their final infusion than in rats given saline. In contrast to the perikaryal region, significantly more NT binding occurred postsynaptically in the terminal areas of the VTA (prefrontal cortex [PFC] and substantia nigra, pars compacta) 10 days after withdrawal of cocaine than in the saline controls. NT binding in the nucleus accumbens was unaffected by cocaine or its withdrawal. Cocaine also decreased NT binding in non-mesocorticolimbic areas, including the dorsal hypothalamic area and the zona incerta, but binding returned toward control levels 10 days after withdrawal from cocaine. These data suggest that in central areas poor in DA uptake sites such as the PFC, NT may be a critical element in the inactivation of DA. Chronic cocaine treatment and its withdrawal appear to uncouple the normal NT-DA interaction at both the cell bodies and terminals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of effect of rectal volume delineation methods on dose constraint endpoints in the treatment of prostate cancer with intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Identifying a reliable method of rectal volume delineation (RVD) for prostate cancer treatment planning using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is invaluable for clinical and investigational purposes. We analyzed rectal dose constraint outcomes utilizing commonly used RVD methods. Sixty-two prostate cancer patients treated with IMRT from August 2008 to March 2010 were reviewed. RVD either included the entire rectal volume (ERV) or limited the volume to a 3 mm rectal wall (3 MM). V50 ,the percentage of rectal volume receiving 50 Gy, V65, V70, and V75.6 were determined and analyzed for differences. We analyzed factors including definitive and postoperative treatment, rectal volume, and length. For definitive treatment, using ERV, the mean rectal V50, V65, V70, and V75.6 was 41.3, 21.6, 15.1, and 7.0 %, respectively. Using 3 MM, the mean V50, V65, V70, and V75.6 was 37.3, 23.4, 18.5, and 10.3 %, respectively. The V65, V70, and V75.6 were significantly lower in ERV than 3 MM (p < 0.01), while V50 was significantly higher (p < 0.01). Similar findings were noted with rectal volumes <100 cm3 and length <10 cm. There was no difference in V50 and V65 with rectal length ≥10 cm. For postoperative treatment, using ERV, the mean rectal V50, V65, and V70 was 30.2, 12.9, and 2.7 %, respectively. Using 3 MM, the mean V50, V65, and V70 was 30.6, 16.5, and 4.7 %, respectively. The V65 and V70 were lower in ERV than 3 MM (p < 0.01), but not V50. Similar findings were observed with volumes <100 cm3 and length ≥10 cm. We identified different rectal dose–volume endpoints when using common methods of RVD. The differences in dose–volume outcomes are dependent upon prescribed dose, rectal volume, and length. Further analysis, incorporating larger numbers and long-term toxicity outcomes, will contribute to the standardization of contouring and dose–volume analysis for treatment planning.
The morphological evolution of dendritic microstructures during coarsening

The coarsening process in systems consisting of spherical particles in a matrix has been studied extensively. In contrast, coarsening in systems that possess both positive and negative curvature, such as those present following dendritic solidification, have received less study. Recent advances in experimental technology now allow for the routine analysis of metallic microstructures in three dimensions. A method has also been developed to determine the mean and Gaussian interfacial curvature, the analogs of the particle size distribution for spherical particles. The evolution of dendritic microstructures during coarsening is analyzed for a directionally solidified Al-15 wt pct Cu alloy. Samples were taken from this ingot and isothermally coarsened for 10 and 964 minutes. Probability density plots of the mean and Gaussian curvature as well as probability density plots of the principal curvatures show that extreme positive and negative mean curvatures decrease, that most of the interfaces are saddle-shaped, and that solid spherical shapes disappear to a greater degree than liquid spherical shapes. Probability density plots of the orientation of the surface normals within the microstructure show that the majority of the interfaces are parallel to the growth direction and that there is a fourfold symmetry in the 10-minute sample and a twofold symmetry in the 964-minute sample.
Nutrient Availability, Food Costs, and Food Stamps

Nutrient consumption patterns of low income households were analyzed using data from the special low income component of the 1977–78 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. A system of simultaneous equations for estimating food cost and diet component availability levels in home food supply was applied. The derived reduced form showed that Food Stamp Program participation had a positive impact on diet component availability levels. Impacts of other socioeconomic variables examined for diet component availability were generally larger than those for program participation and income. Diet component availability levels were relatively constant across households with different income and Food Stamp Program bonus levels.
Electroproduction of Charged Pions from C 12 Leading to Discrete Final Nuclear States

${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ electroproduction from $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ has been studied at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (laboratory) for ${T}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{\simeq}17 \mathrm{and} 29$ MeV. Transitions to discrete final states in $^{12}\mathrm{B}$ and $^{12}\mathrm{N}$ were observed up to 4.5-MeV excitation energy. The results are analyzed using virtual-photon theory. The resulting photoproduction cross sections are in reasonable agreement with recent theoretical calculations.
Linear polarization Raman optical activity: a new form of natural optical activity

Abstract A new form of natural optical activity is identified on the basis of a general theory of natural Raman optical activity (ROA). This novel ROA phenomenon is predicted to occur as the difference in Raman-scattered intensity for pairs of linearly polarized measurements and depends on the real part of the product of the transition-polarizability and optical-activity tensors. This is the first form of ROA to be identified that does not directly involve the use or measurement of circularly polarized radiation.
Transfer of Graduating Residents’ Continuity Practices.

Authors Reply: We agree with Drs. Pincavage, Ratner, and Arora that resident patients are indeed often at higher risk for missing appointments. We did not in our study look at the issue of prior behavior with respect to missed appointments, but in a sample of ten patients in our study population, six of the ten had missed several appointments in the years preceding their resident PCP’s graduation. In our practice in general, resident patients are more likely to miss scheduled appointments than faculty patients; indeed, resident patients missed 17% of appointments as compared to 7% missed appointments for faculty patients in the past year. We suspect that residents were particularly concerned about patients who missed appointments and may have explicitly listed these patients as high risk for that reason. We agree that handoffs in these patients are likely to be more risky than in patients who generally keep appointments and that special outreach efforts should be made to these patients. This is particularly problematic since the graduated residents most familiar with these at-risk patients and their medical problems are no longer available to detect missed opportunities for care such as overdue radiology studies or blood tests. We analyzed visits to our own emergency room for this sample of ten patients and found that only a single patient had an ER visit within the year after their resident’s graduation. We are unable to capture ER visits and admissions to other hospitals and agree that ER utilization would indeed be a useful variable to examine in future studies of this phenomenon. We agree that a year is a longer than desired interval for follow-up of many patients and that many of these patients should have had multiple visits during this study year. We set the year as an intentionally long period. We agree that a future study of diabetics in which there are clear guidelines for intervals of visits might indeed look at shorter intervals between visits. Finally, we were similarly intrigued with the study by Young and colleagues in which case loads were rebalanced, though note that the number of trainees in that program was much smaller. Young described 16 graduating residents having a mean of only 18–22 patients in each psychiatry resident’s case load compared to our population of 46 residents. These investigators did not report on patient retention, so it is not clear that rebalancing loads will indeed improve patient follow-up. We have attempted rebalancing of case loads to a small degree for certain target diagnoses for educational reasons, but many of our patients who do follow up return to see a different resident PCP than our assignment due to a variety of factors. We are skeptical as to whether rebalancing will improve retention unless it is coupled with early intensive outreach from a new provider.
Reprint of: Minimal affinizations as projective objects☆☆☆

Abstract We prove that the specialization to q = 1 of a Kirillov–Reshetikhin module for an untwisted quantum affine algebra of classical type is projective in a suitable category. This yields a uniform character formula for the Kirillov–Reshetikhin modules. We conjecture that these results hold for specializations of minimal affinization with some restriction on the corresponding highest weight. We discuss the connection with the conjecture of Nakai and Nakanishi on q -characters of minimal affinizations. We establish this conjecture in some special cases. This also leads us to conjecture an alternating sum formula for Jacobi–Trudi determinants.
Remarks on Quasilinear Hyperbolic Equations with Dynamic Boundary Conditions

In this paper the non-existence of global solutions of two fourth-order hyperbolic equations with dynamic boundary conditions is considered. Here we prove stronger results than that of M. Kirane, S. Kouachi and N. Tatar by a different method.