cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do faculty journal selections correspond to objective indicators of citation impact? Results for 20 academic departments at Manhattan College

We examine the relationships between four citation metrics (impact factor, the numerator of the impact factor, article influence score, and eigenfactor) and the library journal selection decisions made by Manhattan College faculty as part of a large-scale serials review. Our results show that journal selection status (selected or not) is only weakly or moderately related to citation impact. Faculty choosing journals for their universities do consider the citation data provided to them, although they place less emphasis on citation impact than do faculty responding to journal ranking surveys. While previous research suggests that subjective journal ratings are more closely related to size-independent metrics (those that represent the average impact of an article rather than the impact of the journal as a whole) and weighted metrics (those that give more credit for citations in high-impact journals), our current results provide no support for the first assertion and only limited support for the second.
PD02-02 URETHRAL SLING TRENDS FOR NEW YORK STATE FROM 2005 TO 2015: FPMRS-TRAINED PHYSICIANS COMPARED TO NON-FELLOWSHIP TRAINED COUNTERPARTS

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a 2011 warning on serious complications of surgical mesh in urogynecological procedures. There is limited data on the impac...
Expression and prognostic value of NSD1 and SETD2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its precursor lesions

Epigenetic regulation is emerging as a critical mechanism for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) development. Histone methylation is an important regulatory mechanism, altering chromatin structure and promoter accessibility and causing aberrant gene expression. NSD1 and SETD2 genes encoding two histone H3K36 methyltransferases, are mutated or altered in 8-10% of PDA cases. However, whether there is altered protein expression of NSD1 or SETD2 in PDA and its precursors, and whether they have diagnostic or prognostic utility is unknown. Tissue microarrays composed of a total of 190 and 192 duplicated cases of PDA (n=74 and 75), metastatic PDA (n=17 and 18), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN; n=19 and 24), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN; n=36), mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN; n=12) and benign pancreatic tissues (n=27 and 32) were analysed for expression of NSD1 and SETD2 by immunohistochemistry. We assessed intensity and percentage of positive cells. NSD1 expression was significantly increased in metastatic PDA compared to benign ducts, primary PDA, and all other lesions combined (p=0.03, 0.02, and 0.03 respectively). Additionally, significantly decreased SETD2 protein expression was found in metastatic PDA and PanIN lesions compared to benign ducts (p=0.04 and 0.007, respectively). High NSD1 expression was associated with clinical stage III/IV disease (p=0.026), tumour grade 2 (p=0.022), use of neoadjuvant therapy (p=0.037), and overall higher clinical stage (p=0.022). There is no significant difference in overall and progression-free survival between NSD1/SETD2 high and low PDA. Expression of NSD1 and SETD2 is specifically altered in metastatic PDA and some of the PDA precursor lesions, supporting their important role in PDA development and metastasis. In addition, increased NSD1 expression is significantly associated with higher clinical stage and neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that NSD1 may be a useful prognostic marker.
Test Methods to Rigorously, Reproducibly, and Accurately Measure the Detection Performance of Walk-through Metal Detectors

Walk-through metal detectors (WTMDs) are the primary tool for the detection of concealed metal contraband and threat items on a person. They are found at almost all security checkpoint stations worldwide. It is important for security that assessing the detection performance of WTMDs is done rigorously, accurately, and reproducibly. Current standardized test methods do not provide this capability. Moreover, exhaustive testing would be prohibitively expensive and slow. Test methods, test objects, and their rationale are described here that can be used to accurately and reproducibly measure the detection performance of a WTMD while rigorously exercising its detection capability. Focused selection of the most informative test parameters reduces the time required for testing by about two orders of magnitude.
Effects of Parental Internalizing Problems on Irritability in Adolescents: Moderation by Parental Warmth and Overprotection

Research has shown a link between parental and offspring internalizing problems and that parental warmth and overprotection affect these relationships. However, less research has examined how parental warmth and overprotection affect the link between parental internalizing problems and irritability in adolescents. Thus, the current study investigated the moderating effect of parental warmth and overprotection on the relationship between parental internalizing problems and adolescent irritability in the context of parent and child gender. Participants were parents of adolescents aged 10–24 years and completed surveys online about themselves, the adolescent, and the adolescent’s other primary caregiver. Questionnaires assessed parental warmth and overprotection, parental internalizing problems, and adolescent irritability. Results indicated a moderating effect of parental warmth (b = −0.08, p< 0.01) and overprotection (b = 0.21, p< 0.01) on the relationship between parental internalizing problems and adolescent irritability. Parent and child gender further moderated the relationship when examining parental overprotection (b = −0.16, p< 0.01) but not parental warmth. Results highlight the importance of examining factors, such as parental internalizing problems, warmth, and overprotection, that influence the development of irritability symptoms in adolescents. Additionally, results highlight the importance of examining how gender moderates these relationships. For example, the effect of maternal overprotection on male adolescents was particularly important, which suggests that more research should be done to further understand the complex nature of this relationship.
Labor market freedom and geographic differentials in the percentage unemployment rate in the U.S.

The present paper statistically examines whether it can be inferred that the greater the labor market freedom in an environment, the lower the unemployment rate in that environment, other things held the same. The hypothesis is predicated on the tenet that enhanced labor market freedom in a state leads to a more efficiently operating labor market and thereby diminishes the unemployment rate in the state. The empirical context is a panel dataset for all states in the U.S. The study period begins with the year 2008 and runs through the end of the year 2016. This nine-year time frame integrates the entirety of the Great Recession and more than 6 years thereafter. The study includes a number of control variables. The findings strongly support the hypothesis that the unemployment rate is a decreasing function of labor market freedom, whether expressed in the form of its three sub-indices or in the form of the arithmetic mean of those three sub-indices. Potential state-level public policy implications of the findings are also provided and discussed in this study.
Confinement in Nuclei and the Expanding Proton.

High-precision knowledge of electromagnetic form factors of nuclei is an important current activity in nuclear and atomic physics. Such precision mandates that effects of the nonzero spatial extent of the constituent nucleons be treated carefully. A series of simple, Poincare-invariant, composite-proton models that respect the Ward-Takahashi identity and in which quarks are confined are used to study such effects. All of the models display a general theorem showing how the medium modification of proton structure must occur. Combining this result with lattice QCD calculations leads to a conclusion that a bound proton must be larger than a free one.
IL-10 Promotes Endothelial Progenitor Cell Driven Wound Neovascularization and Enhances Healing via STAT3

Abstract Evidence from prior studies of cutaneous trauma, burns, and chronic diabetic wound repair demonstrates that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to de novo angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory reactions, tissue regeneration, and remodeling. We have shown that IL-10, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, promotes regenerative tissue repair in an adult model of dermal scar formation via the regulation of fibroblast-specific hyaluronan synthesis in a STAT3 dependent manner. While it is known that IL-10 drives EPC recruitment and neovascularization after myocardial infarction, its specific mode of action, particularly in dermal wound healing and neovascularization in both control and diabetic wounds remains to be defined. Here we show that IL-10 promotes EPC recruitment into the dermal wound microenvironment to facilitate neovascularization and wound healing of control and diabetic (db/db) wounds via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal-cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1α) signaling. Inducible skin-specific STAT3 knockout (KO) mice were studied to determine whether the impact of IL-10 on the neovascularization and wound healing is STAT3 dependent. We found that IL-10 treatment significantly promotes dermal wound healing with enhanced wound closure, robust granulation tissue formation and neovascularization. This was associated with elevated wound EPC counts as well as increased VEGF and high SDF-1α levels in control mice, an effect that was abrogated in STAT3 KO transgenic mice. These findings were supported in vitro, wherein IL-10-enhanced VEGF and SDF-1α synthesis in primary murine dermal fibroblasts. IL-10-conditioned fibroblast media was shown to promote sprouting and network formation in aortic ring assays. We conclude that overexpression of IL-10 in the wound-specific milieu recruits EPCs and promote neovascularization, which occurs in a STAT3-dependent manner via regulation of VEGF and SDF-1α levels. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that IL-10 increases EPC recruitment leading to enhanced neovascularization and healing of dermal wounds.
Least-squares solutions of boundary-value problems in hybrid systems

Abstract This paper applies the mathematical framework of the Theory of Functional Connections to solve the boundary-value problems arising from hybrid systems. A hybrid system is simply a sequence of different differential equations. The Theory of Functional Connections is a technique to derive constrained expressions which are functionals with embedded constraints. These functionals allow to transform a large class of constrained optimization problems into unconstrained problems. The initial and most useful application of this technique is in the solution of differential equations where the problem can be posed as an unconstrained optimization problem and solved with simple numerical techniques, i.e., least-squares. The approach developed in this work derives an analytical constrained expression for the entire range of a hybrid system, enforcing both the boundary conditions as well as the continuity conditions across the sequence of differential equations. This reduces the searched solution space of the hybrid system to only admissible solutions. The transformation allows for a least-squares solution of the sequence for linear differential equations and an iterative least-squares solution for nonlinear differential equations. This technique is validated by numerical tests for three differential equation sequences: linear–linear, linear–nonlinear, and nonlinear–nonlinear. The accuracy levels obtained are all at machine-error, which is consistent with the accuracy experienced in past studies on the application of the Theory of Functional Connections to solve single ordinary differential equations. In these tests, TFC produces solutions up to 3 orders of magnitude more accurate than the spectral method and up to 4 orders of magnitude more accurate than the shooting method. Additionally, in all cases except the linear–linear sequence, the TFC method is faster. Finally, the proposed framework is used to solve the one-dimensional convection–diffusion equation to further highlight its utility outside of hybrid systems.
A Theoretical Math Model for Projecting Ais3+ Thoracic Injury for Belted Occupants in Frontal Impacts

A theoretical math model was created to assess the net effect of aging populations versus evolving system designs from the standpoint of thoracic injury potential. The model was used to project the next twenty-five years of thoracic injuries in Canada. The choice of Canada was topical because rulemaking for CMVSS 208 has been proposed recently. The study was limited to properly-belted, front-outboard, adult occupants in 11-1 o'clock frontal crashes. Moreover, only AIS3+ thoracic injury potential was considered. The research consisted of four steps. First, sub-models were developed and integrated. The sub-models were made for numerous real-world effects including population growth, crash involvement, fleet penetration of various systems (via system introduction, vehicle production, and vehicle attrition), and attendant injury risk estimation. Second, existing NASS data were used to estimate the number of AIS3+ chest-injured drivers in Canada in 2001. This served as data for model validation. Third, the projection model was correlated favorably with the 2001 field estimate. Finally, for the scenario that 2004-2030 model-year systems would perform like 2000-2003 model-year systems, a projection was made to estimate the long-term effect of eliminating designs that would not comply with the proposed CMVSS 208. The 2006-2030-projection result for this scenario: 764 occupants would benefit from the proposed regulation. This projection was considered to be conservative because future innovation was not considered, and, to date, the fleet's average chest deflections have been decreasing. The model also predicted that, through 2016, the effect of improving system performance would be more influential than the population-aging effect; thereafter, the population-aging effect would somewhat counteract the effect of improving system performance. This theoretical math model can provide insights for both designers and rule makers. Language: en
A comparison between the assessments of progression-free survival by local investigators versus blinded independent central reviews in phase III oncology trials

In this study, we compared the assessments of progression-free survival (PFS) carried out by the local investigator or by a blinded independent central review in the framework of phase III registration randomized controlled trials (RCT) in oncology. We carried out a search in the clinicatrials.gov database, looking at the RCTs reporting the results of both independently assessed and investigator-assessed PFS. The hazard ratios (HRs) of investigator-assessed PFS and independently assessed PFS were recorded, and a discrepancy index was obtained by calculating the ratio of their respective HRs. Moreover, we investigated possible factors of discrepancy by analyzing the trials in different groups (by year, by tumor type, by drug type, by study design). We analyzed 28 RCTs meeting the search criteria. The estimated mean discrepancy index was 0.98 (confidence interval 0.927–1.032 (n = 32)). Subgroup analysis showed that the confidence intervals in all cases included the value 1, except in the subgroup of studies started in the period 2003–2006. In phase III oncology trials, we found no significant differences between the hazard ratios estimated by local investigators and those estimated by blinded independent central reviews. A relatively higher variability, in terms of large CI, was found in trials with biological agents.
Investigating the Differences in Privacy News Based on Grounded Theory

The current study explores how privacy is covered in the news in two different cultural contexts, by summarizing both an issue framework and a subject diagram utilizing privacy dialogues in the news coverages. Data was collected through Google and Baidu, most commonly used engines in the US and China through 2016 to 2019. Adopting a qualitative method based on the Grounded Theory, 400 news samples were coded following theoretical sampling procedure and reached a theoretical saturation. Our analyses yielded three main topics namely technology, data collection and use, and privacy law making and eight subtopics in the US and China that were framed differently in distrust aspect, and significantly different in reporting perspectives. We also found that subjects covered in privacy news were mainly related to legal topics. And a common ground was identified in the data protecting aspect for both users and data collectors.
AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report 2020 : Achieving the Bold Vision of Health Equity for Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Other Underserved Populations.

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) is proud to announce the release of the inaugural AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report. Disparities in health care, including cancer health disparities, are among the most significant form of inequality and injustice. The AACR Cancer Disparities
Leveraged Share Repurchase: A Tax-Based Explanation

This paper investigates a corporate tax-based and shareholder tax-based explanation for a firm’s decision to finance a stock repurchase by utilizing debt, commonly referred to as a leveraged share repurchase. I find that during tax regimes in which corporate tax rates are more favorable for the use of debt, and during tax regimes in which shareholder tax rates are more favorable for firm distributions of funds to shareholders through stock repurchases, firms are more likely to aggressively utilize debt to undertake a leveraged share repurchase. Further supporting this claim, I find that firms aggressively utilize debt to fund leveraged share repurchases when they are likely to have low share turnover, suggesting that a greater percentage of shareholders qualify for preferential long-term capital gains. In contrast, I find that a firm is less likely to undertake a leveraged share repurchase if the firm has high stock turnover, low stock appreciation, or has greater ownership by short-term institutional shareholders. Overall, my results support the notion that corporate and shareholder-level taxes influence corporate leveraged share repurchases.
Leading Remotely in a Time of Crisis: Relationships with Emotional Intelligence:

Leaders around the world have been thrust into leading remotely, using virtual platforms and other various technologies to communicate and stay engaged with their employees and teams during this cu...
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children

The practice of clinical pediatric nephrology encompasses a wide variety of diseases and conditions affecting the kidneys. Yet, these activities fall under a common umbrella in terms of screening, identification, and management of childhood chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) initiative defines CKD as abnormalities of kidney structure or function for greater than 3 months with implications for health [1]. In its reference to “implications for health,” distinctions are made between benign kidney conditions (such as a solitary cortical cyst or a duplicated collecting system) and more severe disorders (such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) that cause CKD. Compared to adults in whommost cases of CKD are caused by diabetes and hypertension, the disorder in children is predominantly the result of congenital and inherited anomalies of the urinary tract. Common to both adults and children, the diagnosis of CKD is linked with an ever present risk for CKD progression, a steady decline in kidney function over time to the point of failure. Clinically, children with CKD may be asymptomatic in the initial stages of the disorder with subclinical complications, which might be undiagnosed and untreated. However, as kidney function declines, various signs and symptoms (e.g., volume overload, hypertension, fatigability, growth failure) become more evident. Concurrently, there is a heighted awareness for further complications of CKD compromising the overall well-being of the child and demanding early identification and management. The clinical management of pediatric CKD is comprised of determining CKD severity, ameliorating risk factors for CKD progression, and detecting/treating comorbid complications that are the result of reduced kidney function [1]. In pediatrics, the management of CKD is not only directed toward the primary cause of CKD but also encompasses a multidisciplinary team approach to assure normal growth, nutrition, neurocognitive development, educational progress, and transition to adulthood. The primary focus of this chapter is on the management of the stages of CKD prior to the initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation.
PHAGE GROUPS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

In this study, 198 strains of hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus were recovered from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and some of their relatives. The majority of the organisms fell into phage group III and were resistant in vitro to penicillin and other antibiotics. No single phage type seemed to be unduly prevalent in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.
Efficient parallel algorithms for optical computing with the DFT primitive

The optical computing technology offers new challenges to the algorithm designers since it can perform an n-point DFT computation in only unit time. Note that DFT is a non-trivial computation in the PRAM model. We develop two new models, DFT-VLSIO and DFT-Circuit, to capture this characteristic of optical computing. We also provide two paradigms for developing parallel algorithms in these models. Efficient parallel algorithms for many problems including polynomial and matrix computations, sorting and string matching are presented. The sorting and string matching algorithms are particularly noteworthy. Almost all of these algorithms are within a polylog factor of the optical computing (VLSIO) lower bounds derived in [BR87] and [TR90].
GTPA: a generative model for online mentor-apprentice networks

There is a large body of work on the evolution of graphs in various domains, which shows that many real graphs evolve in a similar manner. In this paper we study a novel type of network formed by mentor-apprentice relationships in a massively multiplayer online role playing game. We observe that some of the static and dynamic laws which have been observed in many other real world networks are not observed in this network. Consequently well known graph generators like Preferential Attachment, Forest Fire, Butterfly, RTM, etc., cannot be applied to such mentoring networks. We propose a novel generative model to generate networks with the characteristics of mentoring networks.
Optimal auto-regulation to minimize first-passage time variability in protein level

The timing of cellular events is inherently random because of the probabilistic nature of gene expression. Yet cells manage to have precise timing of important events. Here, we study how gene expression could possibly be regulated to precisely schedule timing of an event around a given time. Event timing is modeled as the first-passage time (FPT) for a protein's level to cross a critical threshold. Considering auto-regulation as a possible regulatory mechanism, we investigate what form of auto-regulation would lead to minimum stochasticity in FPT around a fixed time. We formulate a stochastic gene expression model and show that under certain assumptions, it reduces to a birth-death process. Our results show that when the death rate is zero, the objective is best achieved when all of the birth rates are equal. On the contrary, when the death rate is non-zero, the optimal birth rates are not equal. In terms of the gene expression model, these results illustrate that when protein does not degrade, stochasticity in FPT around a given time is minimized when there is no auto-regulation of its expression. However, when the protein degrades, some form of auto-regulation is required to achieve this. These results are consistent with experimental findings for the lysis time stochasticity in λ phage.
Sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a 16-year experience at a single institution.

Background Adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor of the sinonasal tract. The purpose of this study was to characterize a single institution's experience with this malignancy. Methods Retrospective review was performed of patients with adenocarcinoma of the sinonasal tract from 1993 to 2009. Demographic data, disease presentation, treatment, and survival rates were collected and evaluated. Results We identified 66 patients with sinonasal adenocarcinoma; 48 were men and 18 women. Average age at time of diagnosis was 57.1 years (range, 20–88 years), and median follow-up was 55.3 months (range, 1–238 months). The ethmoid sinus (38%) and nasal cavity (36%) were the most common sites of origin. Nasal obstruction (36%), epistaxis (30%), and nasal discharge (21%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Fifty-one percent of patients presented with T1 or T2 tumors. Surgery was the primary form of treatment in 81% of patients. Twenty-six percent of surgical patients underwent an endoscopic tumor resection. Adjuvant radiation was utilized in 50% of patients and chemotherapy in 10%. Recurrence was seen in 24 patients (37%): 29% recurred locally and 7.6% recurred distantly. The overall 5-year survival was 65.9%. Survival was decreased significantly in patients with T4 tumors (p < .05), high-grade histology (p < .05), and sphenoid sinus involvement (p < .05). Survival was not affected by surgical approach between endoscopic and open approaches (p = .76). Conclusion Sinonasal adenocarcinomas are commonly identified in the sinonasal cavity and are associated with a relatively favorable prognosis, despite a substantial local failure rate of 30%. Advanced-stage tumors, sphenoid sinus and skull base invasion, and high-grade histology portend poor prognosis. In our experience, endoscopic resection was not associated with adverse outcomes and suggests that this minimally invasive approach can provide acceptable oncologic outcomes in selected patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1490–1496, 2014
A global comparison of O+ upward flows at 850 km and outflow rates at 6000 km during nonstorm times

[1] There has been recent progress in understanding the sources and consequences of energetic O+ in the ring current and other regions of the magnetosphere. Various energization mechanisms that depend on geomagnetic activity, altitude, magnetic local time, and relative position within the auroral oval acting on O+ have been proposed. Our understanding of the altitude and magnetic local time variation of these processes has not proceeded as rapidly, however. Contemporary magnetosphere models now include species-dependent dynamics. These models will benefit from improved spatial and altitudinal knowledge of O+ energization processes. Here we present a global view of O+ upward flows observed at DMSP (850 km) compared to outflow rates observed by Polar (5000–7000 km) during nonstorm times in the framework of dynamic auroral boundary coordinates. This study considers observational proxies for heating and energization mechanisms and shows that these proxies set useful boundaries on their efficacy. This study indicates that during nonstorm times (1) energization between 850 km and 5000–7000 km is predominantly transverse, (2) the efficiency of ion energization is often not focused at the boundaries of the auroral zone, and (3) auroral zone acceleration above DMSP is relatively more important in the cusp than at midnight.
Genetic Variations of α2-Adrenergic Receptors Illuminate the Diversity of Receptor Functions

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genetic variations of α 2 -adrenergic receptors (α2ARs) that illuminate the diversity of receptor functions. Genetic variants have been identified in genes encoding all subtypes of the α 2 adrenergic receptor (α 2 AR) subfamily, that represent an important group of receptors in normal and dysfunctional physiology, as well as a significant class of therapeutic drug targets. The study of receptor polymorphisms and their associations with disease states in human populations provides insight complementary to that gained from experimental models on subtype-selective functions in the human body. For example, within the central nervous system (CNS), α 2 AR genetic variants have been strongly linked to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). α 2 AR genetic variants have also been associated with various forms of cardiovascular dysfunction, including heart disease. A relatively new line of evidence has implicated polymorphisms of the α 2A AR subtype specifically in type 2 diabetes. Additional evidence exists linking α 2A R genetic variants with other peripheral disorders, especially those involving autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
Between Geographical Materialism and Spatial Fetishism

logical questions in economic geography, p. 23, Soviet G e p graphji 196 1 ; Volskeiy, V.V.: Some problems of theory and practice in economic geography. In Demko & Fuchs, op. cit., p. 70; Mints, A.A.: Economic geography, p. 79, in Theoreticalproblems in physical and economicgeographl: Boston 1974. 9. Kalesnik, S.V.: The subject, system and classification ofthe geographical sciences, p. 1, in Physical and economicgeography, Boston 1974; Mints, op. cit. 10. We have chosen the term human geography for what is also sometimes called economic geography (in Danish: kulturgeografi eller humangeografi). 11. Isachenko, op. cit. 12. Mints, op cit., p. 82. 13. Agafonov, W.T. & Lavrov, S.B.: Theoretical discussions and some research tasks and applied problems in economic geography, p. 608, Soviet Geography 1974. 14. Agafonov & Lavrov, op. cit., p. 613. 15. Pokshishevskiy, V.V., Mints, A.A. & Konstantinov, O.A.: On new directions in the development of Soviet economic geography, p. 403, Soviet Geography 1971. 16. Schmidt-Renner, G.: Elementare Theorie derokonomischen Geographie, Gotha 1966; Komplexe Entwicklung von Ws Ursachen der Stadtebildung, Peterm. Geogr. Mitt. 1, 1965. 17. E.G. Vieille, P.: L‘espace globale du capitalisme d‘organisation; REMICA: Systemes spatiaux et structures regionales; in Faudry-Brenac and Moreau: Urbanisation et developpement capitaliste; Amin, S.: Les problemes d‘environment en Afrique; Stuckey, B.: L’analyse spatial et le developpement economique; Dowidar, M.: Les concepts de mode de production a la region; Stuckey, B.: Note de methodologie concernant d‘analyse des relations ville-campagne; All from the journal Espace et Sociefe 1973 and 1974. 18. Vieille, op. cit. , p. 32, 19. Dowidar, op. cit., p, 43. 20. “l’espace” is not clearly defined we shall later explain what we mean by the term territorial structure.
Gigahertz CMOS/SIMOX circuits

Summary form only given, as follows. High-speed CMOS logic circuits have been realized in thin-film (100-nm) SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) films annealed at 1250 degrees C. LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) isolation was used, and the gate oxide thickness was 22 nm. Boron concentration was 1E17 and 5E16 cm/sup -3/ in n- and p-channel devices, respectively. Since no silicide was used, source and drain sheet resistance was about 200 Omega / Square Operator . Only one level of metal was used. Since no kink is observed in thin films, regular nshort and pshort SPICE models were used to simulate circuit operation. Circuits with the following performances were obtained at V/sub dd/=3.3 V: 2:1 multiplexer operating at 1.4 Gb/s (50 mW), voltage-controlled oscillator with an output frequency of up to 1.8 GHz (75 mW), and output stages with 250-ps rise and fall times (output impedance=25 Omega ). The output voltage swing is ECL, and a power dissipation of 65 mW is observed at a 312 Mb/s data rate. A 2:1 frequency divider operating with an input frequency of 2 GHz and dissipating 12 mW was fabricated. Simulation indicates 3-GHz operation if silicide is used and higher speed performance if the circuit is realized with two metal levels. >
The effects of microphones and facemasks on LPC vocoder performance

The effects of oxygen facemasks and noise cancelling microphones on LPC vocoder performance were analyzed and evaluated. Likely sources of potential vocoder performance degradation included the non-ideal frequency response characteristics of the microphone and the possible presence of additional resonances in the speech waveform due to the addition of the facemask cavity. Examination of vowel spectra revealed that spurious resonances do not occur in the vocoder frequency band for speech generated using the facemask and microphone. Also observed was a vowel-dependent reduction in the bandwidths of the upper formants, a result which can be predicted from acoustic theory. Finally, it is shown that the low frequency emphasis associated with small enclosures is not relevant when using a pressure gradient (noise cancelling) microphone. Diagnostic Rhyme Tests involving three subjects indicated that the presence of the oxygen facemask and noise cancelling microphone did not result in a significant increase in the LPC vocoder processing loss.
Persistent hepatitis B virus following interferon alfa therapy and liver transplantation

Abstract A 44-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and cirrhosis was treated with recombinant human interferon alfa for 67 days immediately before orthotopic liver transplantation and immunoprophylaxis with hyperimmune globulin to hepatitis B virus in the peritransplant period. Dot blots for hepatitis B virus DNA demonstrated marked reduction in viremia after 41 days of interferon alfa treatment. Southern analysis for hepatitis B virus in liver showed a pronounced decrement in actively replicating forms in the explant, although hepatic infection was still detectable. After liver transplantation, tests for serum hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen remained negative. The patient died 32 days after transplantion of causes unrelated to hepatitis B virus. DNA isolated from liver and other visceral organs at autopsy showed infection of the engrafted liver and the persistence of monomeric relaxed circular forms of hepatitis B virus DNA in pancreas, kidney, and spleen. Thus, graft reinfection occurred despite aggressive antiviral therapy and imunoprophylaxis combined with liver transplantation. Existing viral serological markers appear insufficiently sensitive to assess residual infectivity.
Target of cockroach allatostatin in the pathway of juvenile hormone biosynthesis

Allatostatins, peptides with an YXFGL-amide C-terminus, cause a rapid and reversible inhibition of the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone III biosynthesis by cockroach corpora allata in vitro. Inhibition is relieved by farnesol and by mevalonate, and neither HMG-CoA reductase nor HMG-CoA synthesis (HMG-CoA synthase and acetoacetyl-CoA lyase) are inhibited by allatostatin. The neuropeptide is more effective as an inhibitor of JH III synthesis in glucose or amino acid-driven glands than in acetate-driven glands. Incorporation of label from acetate into JH III is increased whereas incorporation of label from glucose is decreased by allatostatin. Citrate is a very effective precursor for HMG-CoA synthesis in homogenates of corpora allata. We propose that inhibition of JH III biosynthesis by the tridecapeptide APSGAQRLYGFGL-amide occurs at the first committed step(s) of JH III synthesis, i.e. the transfer of 2C units from mitochondria to the cytoplasm by the tricarboxylate carrier and/or the ATP-citrate lyase.
Changing plans: dynamic inconsistency and the effect of experience on the reference point.

This article presents a new test of a principle of decision making calleddynamic consistency. This principle was tested in an experiment in which participants were asked to make decisions about a second gamble within a sequence of two gambles. Participants were first asked to make a planned choice about the second gamble. The planned choice was madebefore the first gamble was played and was conditioned on the anticipated outcomes of the first gamble.After the first gamble was played, the same participants were asked to make a final choice about the second gamble, conditioned on the experienced outcome of the first gamble. The results showed that participants’ final choices were frequently inconsistent with their plans, even when the anticipated and experienced outcomes were identical. These inconsistencies occurred in a systematic direction. Experiencing an anticipated gain resulted with a change toward risk aversion, and experiencing an anticipated loss resulted in a change toward risk seeking. These results are explained in terms of the effect of actual experience on the reference point used for the evaluation of the decision problem.
Amniotic fluid has higher relative levels of lentivirus-specific antibodies than plasma and can contain neutralizing antibodies.

Abstract Background: The in utero transmission rate of HIV-1 is estimated to be 10–15% in the absence of interventions and breastfeeding. Natural protective mechanisms involving lentivirus-specific antibodies may therefore exist to limit in utero transmission of lentiviruses. Objectives: HIV-1- and SIV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in amniotic fluid samples from humans and rhesus macaques were assessed. Study design: HIV-1- and SIV-specific immunoglobulin G levels, relative to total IgG concentrations in amniotic fluid samples from humans and rhesus macaques, were determined using a quantitative Western blotting procedure. Amniotic fluid from rhesus macaques was tested for the ability to neutralize SIV infection of CEMX174 cells. Results: The levels of HIV-1- and SIV-specific immunoglobulin G, relative to total IgG concentrations in amniotic fluid samples from humans and rhesus macaques, were approximately 3–10-fold higher than in plasma. The ability of antibodies in human amniotic fluid samples to neutralize viral infectivity could not be assessed, because zidovidine was present in the samples. Most amniotic fluid samples from rhesus macques not treated with antiretrovirals were able to neutralize SIV infectivity, except for a sample from a SIV positive rhesus whose infant was infected in utero. Conclusions: Active immunity to HIV-1 resulting in virus-specific antibodies in amniotic fluid exists, and may be a natural barrier to in utero infection. This may provide hope for stimulating neutralizing antibody via vaccine design.
THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT, TRUST, AND TASK COMMITMENT ON PROJECT TEAM PERFORMANCE

Whereas recent research linking conflict to performance has focused on strategic or executive teams, this paper examines task performing project teams. The authors present an overall model for team performance which includes relationship characteristics such as commitment, trust, conflict, and task processes. The authors propose that conflict, which may be quite beneficial for strategic teams, is more likely to hinder than help performance in project teams. The structural model is tested using data from 464 individuals in 80 student teams working on a new product introduction case project. The empirical findings support the view that (1) commitment and trust have only an indirect relationship with team performance, (2) and conflict and task processes are key explanatory variables directly related to team performance.
Landfill methane oxidation in soil and bio-based cover systems: a review

Mitigation of landfill gases has gained the utmost importance in recent years due to the increase in methane (CH4) emissions from landfills worldwide. This, in turn, can contribute to global warming and climatic changes. The concept of microbially mediated methane oxidation in landfill covers by using methanotrophic microorganisms has been widely adopted as a method to counter the rise in methane emissions. Traditionally, landfill soil covers were used to achieve methane oxidation, thereby reducing methane emissions. Meanwhile, the continual rise of CH4 emissions from landfills and the significant need to and importance of developing a better technology has led researchers to explore different methods to enhance microbial methane oxidation by using organic rich materials such as compost in landfill covers. The development and field application of such bio-based systems, explored by various researches worldwide, eventually led to more widely accepted and better performing cover systems capable of reducing CH4 emissions from landfills. However, the long-term performance of bio-based cover systems were found to be negatively affected by factors such as the material’s ability to self-degrade, causing CH4 to be generated rather than oxidized as well as the greater potential for forming pore-clogging exopolymeric substances. In order to design an effective cover system for landfills, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the concepts incorporated into methodologies currently in favor along with their pros and cons. This review summarizes previous laboratory and field-scale studies conducted on various soil and bio-based cover systems, along with the modeling mechanisms adopted for quantifying CH4 oxidation rates. Finally, several issues and challenges in developing effective and economical soil and bio-based cover systems are presented.
9 Kinetics of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection After Pediatric Heart Transplantation

Background: Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection frequently occurs early after transplantation (Tx) in seronegative pediatric heart Tx recipients who receive organs from seropositive donors and is the key risk factor for the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The routine use of post-Tx EBV-PCR monitoring offers the opportunity to study the time course of primary EBV infection and the influence of differing immunosuppressive regimens. Methods: We studied 15 consecutive seronegative recipients who received a primary heart Tx from a seropositive donor. All were managed with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression with 9/15 also receiving 5 days of induction with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (Thymoglobulin). Surveillance was by whole blood real-time EBV-PCR approximately monthly for the first 6 months, then every 2 months for 6 months, then approximately quarterly thereafter. Results: Mean age at transplant was 5.4 years, and mean donor age was 8 years. Positive donor EBV serostatus prior to any donor transfusion was confirmed in 6 cases. One patient developed PTLD. A total of 270 PCR measurements were made (average 18/pt). 12/15 experienced primary EBV infection with first positive PCR 24-307 days post-Tx; median 38 days (Thymoglobulin pts 33d vs. non-Thymoglobulin pts 93d). Of 12 patients who developed detectable viral loads, 7 (58%) did so within 6 weeks of Tx. Peak EBV viral load ranged from 2,600 to 380,000 copies/ml; median 28,500 copies/ml (Thymoglobulin pts 26,000 vs. non-Thymoglobulin pts 47,000). Time to peak viral load was 32-1023 days, median 177 (Thymoglobulin pts 121d vs. non-Thymoglobulin pts 239d). Of the 3 patients who never developed a measurable viral load, none had pre-transfusion confirmation of donor seropositive status. Seronegative recipients with seronegative donors have not demonstrated early (first six weeks) viral loads, and screening of filtered blood products are also EBV-PCR negative suggesting that the loads observed in this study were not due to blood product use during cardiopulmonary bypass. Conclusions: EBV seronegative pediatric Tx recipients receiving hearts from seropositive donors experience very early EBV infection with evidence of viremia often within 4-6 weeks of Tx. Induction therapy may be associated with earlier viremia. EBV-PCR screening more frequently than monthly maybe indicated early after Tx in this population if any form of experimental / therapeutic intervention is planned at the time of primary EBV infection.
Superconformal film growth: mechanism and quantification

Superconformal electrodeposition of copper is explained by the recently developed curvature-enhanced-accelerator coverage (CEAC) model, which is based on the assumptions that 1) the local growth velocity is proportional to the surface coverage of the accelerator, or catalyst, and 2) the catalyst remains segregated at the metal/electrolyte interface during copper deposition. For growth on nonplanar geometries, this leads to enrichment of the catalyst on advancing concave surfaces and dilution on advancing convex sections, thereby giving rise to bottom-up superfilling of submicrometer trenches and vias. In this paper the robustness of the CEAC model is demonstrated by characterizing the kinetics of catalyst accumulation and consumption in a series of electroanalytical experiments on planar electrodes. The model is then used to successfully predict interface shape evolution during feature filling in a variety of experiments, without using adjustable parameters.
A profile of psychosexual functioning in males following spinal cord injury

The psychosexual functioning of 47 men with spinal cord injury was studied using the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI). Subjects with paraplegia did not differ significantly from subjects with quadriplegia on any of the scales of the DSFI. Subject groups were then aggregated, and the means across DSFI scales were compared to the means of the non-disabled DSFI normative group. This comparison revealed significantly below-normal scores for subjects with spinal cord injury on the Body Image, Gender Role Definition, Experience, and Psychological Symptoms scales, as well as on a composite measure of sexual functioning, the Sexual Functioning Index. The meaning of these results is discussed, and implications for intervention are considered.
Does metabolic radiolabeling stimulate the stress response? Gene expression profiling reveals differential cellular responses to internal beta vs. external gamma radiation

DNA microarray analyses were used to investigate the effect of cell-incorporated 35S-methionine on human colorectal carcinoma cells. This β-radiation-induced gene expression profile was compared with that induced by external γ-radiation. The extent of DNA fragmentation was used as a biomarker to determine the external γ dose that was bioequivalent to that received by cells incubated in medium containing 35S-methionine. Studies showed that 35S-methionine at 100 μCi/mL induced a much more robust transcriptional response than γ-radiation (2000 cGy) when evaluated 2 h after the labeling or irradiation period. The cellular response to internal β-radiation was greater not only with respect to the number of genes induced, but also with respect to the level of gene induction. Not surprisingly, the induced genes overlapped with the set of γ-responsive genes. However, a distinct β-gene induction profile that included a large number of cell adhesion proteins was also observed. Taken together, these studies demonstra...