cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amplification of color yield of chromogenic substrates using p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

Abstract A method is described for amplifying the color of 4-nitroaniline which is produced during enzyme catalyzed amidolysis of synthetic chromogenic substrates. The liberated chromogen is directly coupled with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde to yield a colored schiffbase compound. The color complex has an absorption maximum at 570 nm and, under the reaction conditions described, has a molar absorbancy of 9.1 × 10 4 . The application of this method is presented for the enzyme urokinase using two different chromogenic substrates. A micromethod adaptation of this method is also described. This method can be used to amplify the color obtained in all enzyme assays where 4-nitroaniline is the liberated chromogen.
Appropriate Use of Digoxin in Treating Older Nursing Home Patients With Heart Failure

Approximately 80% of patients hospitalized with heart failure (HF) are older than 65 years. HF is not only the most common cause of hospitalization in the United States but is also the most costly with annual expenditures of more than $40 billion spent each year. At 46-month follow-up of 1160 men, mean age 80 years, and of 2464 women, mean age 81 years, in a nursing home (NH), HF developed in 29% of men and in 26% of women. HF may be associated with an abnormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (systolic HF) or with a normal LVEF ( 50%) (diastolic HF). Clinical examination cannot distinguish between systolic and diastolic HF. Therefore, the physician must measure LVEF in all patients with HF to determine appropriate therapy for HF. The prevalence of diastolic heart failure increases with age and is higher in older women than in older men. In 674 patients with HF, mean age 81 years, in a NH, 38% of men and 57% of women had diastolic HF. Aging of the population contributes to an increase in diastolic HF. In patients hospitalized for HF at Mayo Clinic hospitals in Olmstead County, Minnesota, from 1987 to 2001, the prevalence of diastolic HF increased during 3 consecutive 5-year periods from 38% to 47% to 54%. The prognosis of both systolic HF and of diastolic HF is poor. In 566 HF patients in a NH, the 1-year mortality was 19% in patients with diastolic HF and 41% in patients with systolic HF. The 5-year mortality was 74% in patients with diastolic HF and 92% in patients with systolic HF. NH patients with HF and atrial fibrillation had a higher mortality than those with sinus rhythm. In patients hospitalized with HF in Olmstead County, Minnesota, the 1-year mortality was 29% in patients with diastolic HF and 32% in patients with systolic HF. The 5-year mortality was 65% for patients with diastolic HF and 68% for patients with systolic HF. The treatment of systolic HF and of HF in the elderly NH patient is discussed elsewhere. In this issue of the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Drs Chun and Chodosh have written an excellent article on the use of digoxin in the elderly patient with HF. This editorial will
The Brewsterian Angle and Refractive Indices

On the basis of Brewsterian angle measurements, a procedure is here outlined which yields refractive indices with uncertainties in the third decimal place. Since “bulk” refractive indices are desired, it is shown that the errors due to surface films may be eliminated by making measurements only on freshly ground and polished surfaces. Attention is directed to applicability of this procedure when the refractive indices of black materials are to be determined.
Subdivision of Glacial Deposits in Southeastern Peru Based on Pedogenic Development and Radiometric Ages

The Cordillera Vilcanota and Quelccaya Ice Cap region of southern Peru (13°30′–14°00′S; 70°40′–71°25′W) contains a detailed record of late Quaternary glaciation in the tropical Andes. Quantification of soil development on 19 moraine crests and radiocarbon ages are used to reconstruct the glacial history. Secondary iron and clay increase linearly in Quelccaya soils and clay accumulates at a linear rate in Vilcanota soils, which may reflect the semicontinuous addition of eolian dust enriched in secondary iron to all soils. In contrast, logarithmic rates of iron buildup in soils in the Cordillera Vilcanota reflect chemical weathering; high concentrations of secondary iron in Vilcanota tills may mask the role of eolian input to these soils. Soil-age estimates from extrapolation of field and laboratory data suggest that the most extensive late Quaternary glaciation occurred >70,000 yr B.P. This provides one of the first semiquantitative age estimates for maximum ice extent in southern Peru and is supported by a minimum-limiting age of ∼41,520 14C yr B.P. A late glacial readvance culminated ∼16,650 cal yr B.P. in the Cordillera Vilcanota. Following rapid deglaciation of unknown extent, an advance of the Quelccaya Ice Cap occurred between ∼13,090 and 12,800 cal yr B.P., which coincides approximately with the onset of the Younger Dryas cooling in the North Atlantic region. Moraines deposited <394 cal yr B.P. in the Cordillera Vilcanota and <300 cal yr B.P. on the west side of the Quelccaya Ice Cap correlate with Little Ice Age moraines of other regions.
Internal-tide generation and destruction by shoaling internal tides

[1] Internal-tide generation is usually predicted from local topography, surface tides, and stratification. However, internal tides are often observed to be unrelated to local spring-neap forcing, appearing intermittently in 3–5 day bursts. Here we suggest a source of this intermittency by illustrating how remotely-generated shoaling internal tides induce first-order changes in local internal-tide generation. Theory, numerical simulations, and observations show that pressure perturbations associated with shoaling internal tides can correlate with surface-tide velocities to generate or destroy internal tides. Where shoaling internal tides have random phase, such as on the New Jersey slope, time-averaged internal-tide generation is unaffected, but instantaneous internal-tide generation varies rapidly, altering internal-tide energy and possibly affecting nonlinear internal waves, across-shelf transport, and mixing. Where shoaling internal tides are phase-locked to the local surface tide, such as in double-ridge systems, time-averaged internal-tide generation is affected and may result in resonance.
Entrainment into Mixed Layers. Part II: A New Closure

Abstract A new entrainment closure for convectively mixed boundary layers, particularly those topped by stratocumulus clouds, is developed and calibrated against results of large eddy simulations carried out by C.-H. Moeng. The closure differs principally in two ways from those developed by J. W. Deardorff, S. Nicholls, and others. The prediction of interface buoyancy flux from its vertical integral is modified by a height-weighting term. This accounts for the greater entrainment produced by buoyancy flux near the cloud top as compared to that generated by surface heating. The relationship between buoyancy flux at the top of a cloud layer and entrainment is reconsidered. Entrainment increases with the “wetness” of the cloud top, which is evidently a function of cloud-top liquid water content and the cloud-top jumps in potential temperature and total water content. This result is related to findings by S. Nicholls and J. D. Turton, though using a somewhat different approach and with different interpretatio...
Cbl-b negatively regulates B cell antigen receptor signaling in mature B cells through ubiquitination of the tyrosine kinase Syk.

Members of the Cbl family of molecular adaptors play key roles in regulating tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling in a variety of cellular systems. Here we provide evidence that in B cells Cbl-b functions as a negative regulator of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling during the normal course of a response. In B cells from Cbl-b–deficient mice cross-linking the BCRs resulted in sustained phosphorylation of Igα, Syk, and phospholipase C (PLC)-γ2, leading to prolonged Ca2+ mobilization, and increases in extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and surface expression of the activation marker, CD69. Image analysis following BCR cross-linking showed sustained polarization of the BCRs into large signaling-active caps associated with phosphorylated Syk in Cbl-b–deficient B cells in contrast to the BCRs in Cbl-b–expressing B cells that rapidly proceeded to form small, condensed, signaling inactive caps. Significantly, prolonged phosphorylation of Syk correlated with reduced ubiquitination of Syk indicating that Cbl-b negatively regulates BCR signaling by targeting Syk for ubiquitination.
Communication in the era of COWs: technology and the physician-patient-parent relationship.

* Abbreviations: COW — : computer on wheels How did I find myself leading family-centered rounds a while ago in the NICU, yet unable to actually see any of my team members, not to mention my patient’s parents sitting just several feet away? I looked up while listening to a summary of the infant’s overnight events, and suddenly it hit me, something was amiss. My entire team was hidden, our views obstructed, from each other and the patient’s family. No one was fully focused or making eye contact during the presentation. I could not see to whom the presenting voice belonged. One resident was fixated on the computer screen, while another was obliviously typing away, nose to keyboard. This hardly looked the picture of family-centered rounding, or the epitome of good communication, things I strived for. The humbling culprit, aside from me? COWs. No, not the grass-eating, milk-producing kind of cow, but rather the portable data-crunching COW, affectionately short for “computer on wheels.” These mobile computing machines have now become permanent features of many hospitals and clinics, and for good reason. COWs help streamline and improve medical care, including electronic patient charting and documentation, increasingly onerous tasks. They allow physicians to, for example, quickly check on a laboratory result or write an admission note, while watching over a critical patient. COWs also help expedite clinic notes during back-to-back patient encounters. The COW certainly facilitates on-the-go charting, the new fast food of medical documentation for the multitasking physician. But, as I struggled with my … Address for correspondence to Christy L. Cummings, MD, Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Hunnewell 437, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: christy.cummings{at}childrens.harvard.edu
Can young infants add and subtract

Three experiments (N = 68), using Wynn's procedure, tested 5-month-old infants' looking time reactions to correct and incorrect results of simple addition and subtraction transformations. The aim was to investigate both the robustness and the parameters of infants' arithmetic competence. Experiments 1 and 2 (N = 44) were replications of Wynn's first two experiments in which infants were shown addition (1 + 1 = 1 or 2) and subtraction (2 - 1 = 1 or 2) requiring imprecise calculation. Experiment 3 (N = 24) was a subtraction counterpart (3 - 1 = 1 or 2) to Wynn's third experiment requiring precise calculation of addition (1 + 1 = 2 or 3). Unlike Wynn, we found no systematic evidence of either imprecise or precise adding and subtracting in young infants. Our results, together with the mix of both positive and negative findings from other studies of infant arithmetic, suggest that infants' reactions to displays of adding and subtracting are variable and, therefore, that infants' numerical competencies are not robust. This conclusion is consistent with previous findings indicating that simple adding and subtracting develops gradually and continuously throughout infancy and early childhood.
Recruiting the Next Generation of Measurement Professionals1

How are we going to find the next generation of measurement professionals? What are the issues pertinent to recruitment and training? If there were any period one would desire to be born in, is it not the age of revolution; when the old and the new stand side by side and admit of being compared; when the energies of all … are searched by fear and by hope; when the historic glories of the old can be compensated by the rich possibilities of the new era? This time, like all times, is a very good one, if we but know what to do with it. (Ralph Waldo Emerson, Phi Beta Kappa Address, 1837.)
Using design - build projects to promote interdisciplinary design

The activity of real world design is a collaboration of individuals from more than one discipline. To address this important future work environment, student disciplinary design projects were created. For the past seven years, teams of students from the first year engineering design graphics course in the College of Engineering and the second year industrial design studio in the College of Architecture and urban studies have been teamed together to pursue design - build projects. In the initial years, push-pull toys were designed and constructed. Then LEGO programmable RCX bricks were chosen as a medium for the interdisciplinary design projects. Last year, the students were charged with designing and building a "walkmobile" walking device using a rechargeable electric screwdriver as the power source. The paper describes the project evolution over the years and serves as a record of an exciting and creative foundation design effort that promotes true collaborative interdisciplinary design.
Family Network Support and Mental Health Recovery

Family members often provide critical support to persons living with a serious mental illness. The focus of this study was to determine which dimensions of the family support network were most important to the recovery process from the perspective of the recovering person. Consumers of a community mental health program completed in-depth structured interviews that included separate measures of social network support and recovery. Consumers named an average of 2.6 family members on the social network, interacted with family on a weekly basis, and were quite satisfied with their contact. This study revealed that support and reciprocity with family members are important dimensions of a personal support network that relates to the recovery process.
Cardiac Tamponade as the Initial Presentation of Malignancy

Although neoplastic involvement of the pericardium frequently is present postmortem, cardiac manifestations before death are uncommon, and cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of cancer is rare. In this study, a malignancy was first recognized in eight of 23 patients (35 percent) who presented with cardiac tamponade. Seven of these eight patients had lung and one patient thyroid carcinoma. The prognosis of these eight patients was poor with seven of eight patients dead within a mean of seven weeks (range 2.5 to 16). Overall, pericardial fluid cytology demonstrated a specific diagnosis of malignancy in 14 of 19 patients (74 percent). Earlier recognition of the possibility of malignancy may allow initiation of appropriate local or systemic treatment to lessen the probability of cardiac tamponade and improve survival. We recommend that all patients who present with tamponade have cytology performed on the pericardial fluid, even if malignancy is not suspected initially.
Absorption in the Spectra of Quasi-Stellar Objects

A review of the key discoveries concerning absorption lines in QSOs is given. A number of recent studies bearing on the nature and origin of the absorption are discussed. It is concluded that it is most likely that the bulk of the absorption is intrinsic to the QSOs.
An ABSURDIST model vindicates a venerable theory

Can relations between concepts in one system be sufficient on their own for locating matching concepts in another system? This question in concept semantics has been contentious. Now, contrary to one important theory, the answer appears to be yes. Robert Goldstone's and Brian Rogosky's new neural-net program, ABSURDIST, has demonstrated what purely theoretical considerations suggested could not be accomplished, showing once again the power of experimental computer modeling.
Recent progress in structure-based anti-influenza drug design

Seasonal and pandemic influenza have caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent emergence of influenza A H5N1 and H1N1 strains has heightened concern, especially as a result of their drug resistance. The life cycle of influenza viruses has been well studied and nearly all the viral proteins are becoming potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we present an overview of recent progress in structure-based anti-influenza drug design, paying close attention to the increasing role of computation and strategies for overcoming drug resistance.
Stochastic subGradient Methods with Linear Convergence for Polyhedral Convex Optimization

In this paper, we show that simple {Stochastic} subGradient Decent methods with multiple Restarting, named {\bf RSGD}, can achieve a \textit{linear convergence rate} for a class of non-smooth and non-strongly convex optimization problems where the epigraph of the objective function is a polyhedron, to which we refer as {\bf polyhedral convex optimization}. Its applications in machine learning include $\ell_1$ constrained or regularized piecewise linear loss minimization and submodular function minimization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first result on the linear convergence rate of stochastic subgradient methods for non-smooth and non-strongly convex optimization problems.
In Spite of Deference: Advocacy-Group Dialogue and the Changing Meaning of Roe V. Wade, 1973-1980

In the legal academy and the Supreme Court, debate about Roe v. Wade has been structured by a particular historical account of the decision’s immediate impact on politics. The Court’s decision is argued to have surprised and angered a large segment of the public. Because of this outrage, citizens protesting the opinion argued that the Supreme Court had no authority to issue constitutional decisions on abortion. Popular groups contended that Roe itself had no constitutional force. Partly for these reasons, popular groups made demands for interpretive authority central to their reform agenda. This historical narrative about Roe powerfully shapes several current debates about the decision’s merits and impact. In discussion about Roe’s reasoning, popular resistance is argued to reflect the substantive shortcomings of the decision. A conventional historical account of Roe’s impact also structures debate about the Roe Court’s mode of decision-making. Critics of Roe use popular defiance as evidence that Roe decided too much too soon, while scholars supportive of the opinion view popular resistance to the Roe Court as constructive, a demand that constitutional law be democratically responsive. However, this Article shows that the conventional narrative of Roe’s impact is deeply flawed. For the most part, before 1980, antiabortion groups agreed that Roe had constitutional force unless an amendment could be passed to overrule it. Moreover, popular demands for interpretive authority were not central to antiabortion advocacy before 1980. Most attention went to statutes and constitutional-amendment proposals that at most modified the medical frame used in Roe, demanding recognition for the rights of fetuses as patients. It is true that debate between advocacy groups did eventually produce a popular interpretation of Roe that differed radically from the text of the original opinion, an interpretation focusing on women’s rights rather than those of physicians. By the late 1970s, this interpretation had won support from organizations on both sides of the debate. However, this form of popular involvement did not involve rejection of the Supreme Court’s’ authority. Instead, over time, often without explicitly trying to influence the Court, advocacy groups forced one another to adopt interpretations of Roe more closely resembling the one that is dominant today. The historical narrative shaping current discussion of abortion neglects these developments. To the extent that it relies on a flawed account of Roe’s history, contemporary debate should be reframed.
A Fiduciary Theory of Health Entitlements

The Affordable Care Act's "contraceptive mandate" continues to generate controversy in courts and academic literature. While a growing body of scholarship analyzes the merits of employers' religious freedom claims, academics and commentators have overlooked a more fundamental tension illuminated by the Act but predating its enactment: historically, the law has empowered employers to make almost all health cost, quality, and access decisions on behalf of employees with virtually unlimited discretion, even when those decisions have subverted employees’ interests. While contraceptives are the current lightning rod for controversy, tensions exist around a wider range of services. Academic literature has not adequately recognized the conflicts that result when employers select employees' health insurance terms, and the law itself provides no current framework to resolve those conflicts. This Article proposes an employee-centric framework to do so. It contends that employees have a property-like interest in health insurance, grounded in the Affordable Care Act's statutory entitlements and employer mandate, and in the inherent structure of employment-based healthcare financing. After all, employees pay for their health insurance either directly through premium contributions or indirectly through a wage-benefit tradeoff. Nevertheless, the law undermines their rights by empowering employers to make coverage decisions on their behalf with respect to those entitlements. The Article introduces fiduciary law to re-theorize the healthcare relationship between employers and employees. It suggests that employers act as fiduciaries when they make coverage decisions on employees' behalf and should have corresponding duties. It finally describes doctrinal obstacles and opportunities, in implementing the revised fiduciary account.
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for PTSD

Cognitive behavioral therapies encompass a range of procedures, a number of which have been found efficacious in treating PTSD. These include variations of exposure, cognitive restructuring, and anxiety management training, as well as combinations of methods. In this chapter, we review the cognitive behavioral treatments that have been studied in PTSD populations and describe the theories underlying the treatments and the research literature examining their efficacy.
Greening Human Resources: A Survey of City-Level Initiatives

How have environmental initiatives and “going green” permeated the human resources realm? This article, through a nationwide survey, examines the extent to which cities have incorporated environmen...
Religious Motivation and Racial Prejudice

There is a long standing paradox within the study of religion and prejudice: religions that teach love and acceptance tend to produce followers who are more prejudice and intolerant than the non-religious (Allport and Ross 1967; Hunsberger 1995; Rokeach 1965). This paper will examine this paradox by investigating how religious motivation can affect how religion interacts with racial prejudice. In order to do this Gordon Allport’s Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) will be employed as a measure of religious motivation in two separate studies, one consisting of a nationally representative survey, and another using a religious prime through an online survey experiment.
The Role of Coal Direction Liquefaction in China Energy Strategy

The petroleum safety problem is very rigorous and the contradictory aggravation of supply and demand in China due to the energy resources structure is not satisfactory. Coal direction liquefaction technology can be used for fully utilization domestic coal resources and to produce various fuel oil. Therefore, it is one of the important constitutes of energy strategy in China and possess practical or immediate significance.
NONDENDRITIC MICROSTRUCTURE OF A356 ALLOY OBTAINED BY THE NEARBY LIQUIDUS CASTING AND THIXOFORMED PROPERTIES

The A356 aluminum alloy castings with fine equiaxed nondendritic grains are obtained by means of the nearby liquidus semi-continuous casting method. Appropriate casting technical parameters are casting temperature-615 ℃, holding time-20 min, casting speed-120 mm/min,cooling water amount-0.086 m3/min. The temperature field in the electric stove reheated to the liquid-solid zone is homogeneus and the proper reheating temperature is 580-590℃ ; When the mould temperature is 400-600℃, the head of bearing used in automobiles can be thixoformed successfully, its σb is 290.2 MPa and δ5 12.9%.
Temperature Dependence of Wavelength Selectable Zero-Phonon Emission from Single Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

We investigate the distribution and temperature-dependent optical properties of sharp, zero-phonon emission from defect-based single photon sources in multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes. We observe sharp emission lines from optically active defects distributed across an energy range that exceeds 500 meV. Spectrally resolved photon-correlation measurements verify single photon emission, even when multiple emission lines are simultaneously excited within the same h-BN flake. We also present a detailed study of the temperature-dependent line width, spectral energy shift, and intensity for two different zero-phonon lines centered at 575 and 682 nm, which reveals a nearly identical temperature dependence despite a large difference in transition energy. Our temperature-dependent results are well described by a lattice vibration model that considers piezoelectric coupling to in-plane phonons. Finally, polarization spectroscopy measurements suggest that whereas the 575 nm emission line is directly e...
Online learning and pricing for demand response in smart distribution networks

The problem of online learning of consumer response to retail pricing of electricity in a distribution network is considered. In a two-settlement market, the retailer who sets the retail price is exposed to risks from the stochastic response of its consumers and the real-time price fluctuation in the wholesale market. The optimal price maximizing the expected profit is a function of consumer's response to prices, and any pricing scheme under unknown demand model accumulates regret measured by the difference between the total expected profit of the retailer under known and unknown demand model. This paper presents an online learning approach to dynamic pricing aimed at minimizing the regret of the retailer for consumers with unknown Markov jumped affine demand. It is shown that the proposed policy has the lowest order of regret growth characterized by the square-root of the learning horizon.
Miscellaneous and Unusual Tumors of the Thyroid Gland

The majority of epithelial thyroid tumors maintain some degree of thyroid follicular cell function, as shown by thyroglobulin production and the ability to concentrate iodine. They also have typical histological appearances, such as those seen in papillary and follicular carcinomas. This chapter discusses a group of unusual primary thyroid neoplasms characterized by limited, or the absence of, differentiated thyroid cellular function and structure. In general, these tumors have more aggressive clinical courses than differentiated carcinomas. The term “poorly differentiated” is relatively nonspecific. To a pathologist, it might refer to the cellular architecture, whereas a clinician might believe a tumor is “poorly differentiated” when it traps radioiodine poorly. To both groups, however, the implication of more aggressive disease and poorer prognosis applies. This chapter also reviews tumors that metastasize to the thyroid gland. The thyroid tumors discussed in this chapter have been classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) under the category of “other” thyroid carcinomas, nonepithelial tumors, and, in the case of several histological types to be discussed, variants of papillary and follicular carcinoma.
Reye Syndrome and Anti-Emetics

A drug-induced encephalopathy mainly by anti-emetics in two children with a diagnosis of Reye syndrome is reported from the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
Comprehensive evaluation of de novo transcriptome assembly programs and their effects on differential gene expression analysis.

Motivation With the decreased cost of RNA-Seq, an increasing number of non-model organisms have been sequenced. Due to the lack of reference genomes, de novo transcriptome assembly is required. However, there is limited systematic research evaluating the quality of de novo transcriptome assemblies and how the assembly quality influences downstream analysis. Results We used two authentic RNA-Seq datasets from Arabidopsis thaliana, and produced transcriptome assemblies using eight programs with a series of k-mer sizes (from 25 to 71), including BinPacker, Bridger, IDBA-tran, Oases-Velvet, SOAPdenovo-Trans, SSP, Trans-ABySS and Trinity. We measured the assembly quality in terms of reference genome base and gene coverage, transcriptome assembly base coverage, number of chimeras and number of recovered full-length transcripts. SOAPdenovo-Trans performed best in base coverage, while Trans-ABySS performed best in gene coverage and number of recovered full-length transcripts. In terms of chimeric sequences, BinPacker and Oases-Velvet were the worst, while IDBA-tran, SOAPdenovo-Trans, Trans-ABySS and Trinity produced fewer chimeras across all single k-mer assemblies. In differential gene expression analysis, about 70% of the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEG) were the same using reference genome and de novo assemblies. We further identify four reasons for the differences in significant DEG between reference genome and de novo transcriptome assemblies: incomplete annotation, exon level differences, transcript fragmentation and incorrect gene annotation, which we suggest that de novo assembly is beneficial even when a reference genome is available. Availability and implementation Software used in this study are publicly available at the authors' websites. Contact gribskov@purdue.edu Supplimentary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First-principles predictions of ruthenium-phosphorus and ruthenium-boron glassy structures and chemical vapor deposition of thin amorphous ruthenium-boron alloy films

Abstract First-principles density-functional calculations are presented revealing that Ru(P) and Ru(B) alloys with moderate P or B content can result in a glassy structure exhibiting strong chemical short-to-medium range order. Amorphous phases are predicted to be energetically more favorable than the crystalline counterparts for the Ru(P) and Ru(B) alloys above ~ 20 at.% P and ~ 10 at.% B. The relative stability of amorphous and crystalline Ru(B) alloys is examined along with local atomic ordering in the amorphous alloys. The growth of ultrathin (3 nm) amorphous Ru(B) alloy films of varying B concentration via chemical vapor deposition is explored using Ru3(CO)12 and B2H6 as the Ru and B sources, respectively. Experiments reveal the films grown at 250 °C are amorphous at B contents in excess of 15 at.% and polycrystalline below 10 at.% B, consistent with first-principles predictions. Amorphous Ru(B) films remain amorphous following annealing at 450 °C and become polycrystalline at 500 °C. Film resistivity ranged from 40 to 120 μΩ-cm and was independent of B loading. Electric field stress tests to failure for Cu/3-nm Ru(B)/SiO2/Si stacks are used to indicate suitability of Ru(B) as a copper diffusion barrier layer.
Validation and Vindication

The following schematic dialogue was constructed with the intention of illustrating some of the typical turns and twists which occur almost invariably when argument in moral issues is pursued through successive levels of critical reflection. A more systematic formulation of the philosophical conclusions that may be derived from a study of such justificatory arguments will be presented in the second part of this essay.
Abstract 15929: Blocking Osteochondrogenic Differentiation of Activated Valve Interstitial Cells Improves Aortic Valve Function in Diabetic Ldlr-/- Mice

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is prevalent in the elderly, especially those with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To explore molecular and cellular mechanisms of CAVD, a robust CAVD mouse model exhibiting >75% incidence of hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis (AS) was developed. LDLr -/- ApoB 100/100 mice fed a customized diabetogenic, procalcific diet for ~8 weeks developed hyperglycemia and obesity. A transient expression of SMA and SM22α in aortic valve leaflets and hinge areas was found, identifying the presence of activated valve interstitial cells (aVICs) during early stage CAVD in these mice. The expression of SMA and SM22α disappeared by 6-12 months on diet, and hemodynamically significant AS developed. aVIC lineage tracing studies using LDLr -/- :SM22Cre:R26R-LacZ mice fed the T2DM-inducing diet indicated that the majority of cells in the thickened aortic valve leaflets and hinge areas were β-galactosidase positive (β-gal + ) and therefore derived from aVICs. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the majority of Runx2 + cells were also β-gal + , identifying aVICs as a key source of osteochondrogenic precursors in CAVD. Finally, Runx2 deletion in aVICs in T2DM LDLr -/- :SM22Cre:Runx2 fl/fl mice significantly improved aortic valve function compared to the LDLr -/- :Runx2 fl/fl counterparts. The functionally improved aortic valves also showed reduced valve thickness, decreased osteoblastic differentiation (as measured by osteocalcin expression), and decreased cartilaginous matrix deposition (as determined by type X collagen expression). To our knowledge, these data are the first to definitively show that blocking osteochondrogenic differentiation of aVICs improves valve function in CAVD.
Traumatic Aorto-Cisterna Chlyi Fistula with Treatment of Aortic Pseudoaneurysm with CT-Guided Thrombin Injection.

Background Only 3 cases of aorto-cisterna chyli fistula have been described in the literature but none with a resulting pseudoaneurysm (PSA). Methods A 68-year-old man presented following a motor vehicle collision. Imaging revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma with enhancement of the cisterna chyli, representing an aortic to cisterna chyli fistula. Three days later, computed tomography angiography showed resolution of the fistula, but revealed a PSA. The patient underwent arteriography that confirmed the PSA, and then a computed tomography-guided thrombin injection was performed. Follow-up imaging showed resolution of the PSA. Results Only 3 cases of aorto-cisterna chyli fistula have been described. We hypothesize that this fistula was caused from his L2 vertebral body fracture, which avulsed the lumbar artery and injured the cisterna chyli. The cisterna chyli provided an outflow tract for the aortic injury. We believe this type of fistula follows a benign clinical course. Aorto-cisterna chyli fistula is rare, and reports point to spontaneous resolution. Our case is unique in that the patient progressed from a fistula to a PSA. Options for treatment of this PSA include covered stent graft, open repair, coil embolization, or thrombin injection. Conclusions This case report describes an extremely rare diagnosis and the natural history of this aorto-cisterna chyli fistula. Furthermore, the resulting aortic PSA was successfully treated with computed tomography-guided thrombin injection, which in the appropriate setting, should be considered an acceptable option.
Effective Immunization of Older Adults Against Seasonal Influenza

The 2017-2018 influenza season reminds us that it is important for health care professionals to be prepared for the annual onslaught of this contagious respiratory disease associated with potentially serious complications. Vaccination is by far the best method to prevent and control influenza, reducing illness, hospitalizations, and mortality. The highest rates of influenza-associated morbidity and mortality are observed in older adults. The immune function of older adults decreases with increasing age, a phenomenon termed immunosenescence. Immunosenescence not only confers increased susceptibility to influenza disease, but also renders vaccination less effective. To address the need for improved vaccines that provide enhanced protection to this high-risk group, 2 formulations-a high-dose vaccine and an adjuvanted vaccine-have been approved in recent years specifically for people aged 65 years and over. Here we discuss: the challenges of influenza immunization in those 65 years and older; the recent advancements in vaccines targeted at this age group; and the latest influenza vaccine recommendations for the 2017-2018 influenza season in the United States.
Localization of Pulmonary Ground-Glass Opacities with Folate Receptor-Targeted Intraoperative Molecular Imaging.

Abstract Purpose Intraoperative localization and resection of ill-defined pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGOs) during minimally invasive pulmonary resection is technically challenging. Current preoperative techniques to facilitate localization of GGOs include microcoil and hook wire placement, both of which have logistic limitations, carry safety concerns, and do not help with margin assessment. In this clinical trial, we explored an alternative method involving near-infrared molecular imaging with a folate receptor–targeted agent, OTL38, to improve localization of GGOs and confirmation of resection margins. Methods In a human trial, 20 subjects with pulmonary GGOs who were eligible for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) resection received 0.025 mg/kg of OTL38 before the resection. The primary objectives were to (1) determine whether use of OTL38 allows safe localization of GGOs and assessment of margins during VATS and (2) determine patient, radiographic, and histopathologic variables that predict the amount of fluorescence during near-infrared imaging. Results We observed no toxicity. Of the 21 GGOs, 20 accumulated OTL38 and displayed fluorescence upon in situ or back table evaluation. Intraoperatively, near-infrared imaging localized 15 of 21 lesions whereas VATS alone localized 10 of 21 (p = 0.05). The addition of molecular imaging affected care of nine of 21 subjects by improving intraoperative localization (n = 6) and identifying close margins (n = 3). This approach was most effective for subpleural lesions measuring less than 2 cm. For lesions deeper than 1.5 cm from the pleural surface, intraoperative localization using fluorescent feedback was limited. Conclusions This approach provides a safe alternative for intraoperative localization of small, peripherally located pulmonary lesions. In contrast to alternative localization techniques, use of OTL38 also allows confirmation of adequate margins. Future studies will compare this approach to alternative localization techniques in a clinical trial.
Film Structure and the Emotion System

Part I. Developing the Approach: 1. An invitation to feel 2. The emotion system and nonprototypical emotions 3. The mood-cue approach to filmic emotion 4. Other cognitivisms Part II. Analyzing Emotional Appeals in Film: 5. 'Couldn't you read between those pitiful lines?': feeling for Stella Dallas 6. Strike-ing out: the partial success of early Eisenstein's emotional appeal 7. Lyricism and unevenness: emotional transitions in Renoir's A Day in the Country and The Lower Depths 8. Emotion work: The Joy Luck Club and the limits of the emotion system 9. 'I was misinformed': nostalgia and uncertainty in Casablanca Part III. Afterword: 10. An invitation to interpret Appendix: the neurological basis of psychoanalytic film theory: Metz's emotional debt to Freud the biologist Notes Index.
Combining Visual and Auditory Tasks in the Assessment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the diagnostic label in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., revised) (DSM-III-R) (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) that is characterized by developmentally inappropriate hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Although empirical research has provided various suggestions regarding possible etiology, appropriate assessment practices, and relatively effective intervention strategies, considerable controversy still exists. Changes in diagnostic labels and conceptualization of core symptoms, as well as the use of inconsistent criteria to select subjects, have impinged on establishing the validity of various aspects of ADHD. According to Rutter (1989, p. 20), “we are not yet at a stage where there can be consensus on precisely how this concept should be operationalized, nor do we adequately understand the mechanisms involved.” The development of reliable and valid assessment techniques has been of particular interest to clinical researchers in an attempt to go beyond the criteria established in DSM-III-R and to utilize a multimethod psychometric approach. Thus, research has continued to delineate laboratory-based assessment strategies that possess concurrent, predictive, and ecological validity, the latter referring to the degree to which the test results are representative of “real-world” behavior (Barkley, 1991).
Passion’s Delirium, Passion’s Torment – A Discussion of One Woman’s Arousal in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening

This paper seeks to explore how the passions gradually awaken, intrigue and ultimately transform the life of the heroine Edna Pontellier in Kate Chopin’s novella The Awakening. Are we “so thoroughly mystified,” as Denis De Rougemont wrote in Love in the Western World, as to prefer these passions that at once seem to satisfy our vision of an ideal of a – more fully realized – existence with the simultaneous requirement that these same passions impose that they both “afflict” – and yet – “elevate” us? Edna learns, ironically, that her passion for what she terms “life’s delirium” is, indeed, authentic and that the passions have transformed her consciousness itself. And the sheer potency of the conflicts engendered by these passions reconfigure both her sense of self as well as this work of literature that seeks to express how these passions work upon all of us. The passions that stir, inveigle and ultimately wrack Edna are a resounding metaphor for all the different means by which the passions can evoke transformation in one’s life but then suddenly render what has become a more fully lived life into one of unendurable despair.
How conservative is the circle criterion

The following notation and terminology will be used. By a stable transfer function we mean a rational scalar transfer function G = G(z) with real coefficients and no poles in the area |z| ≥ 1. ‖G‖∞ denotes the so-called H-infinity norm of G, defined as $${\left\| G \right\|_\infty } = \mathop {\max }\limits_{\left| z \right| = 1} \left| {G(z)} \right|.$$
Tools for Manipulation of Secondary Metabolism Pathways: Rapid Promoter Replacements and Gene Deletions in Aspergillus nidulans

Targeted gene deletions and promoter replacements are proving to be a valuable tool for awakening and analyzing silent secondary metabolism gene clusters in Aspergillus nidulans and, as molecular genetic methods for manipulating the genomes of other fungi are developed, they will likely be as valuable in those organisms. Here we describe procedures for constructing DNA fragments by PCR that can be used to replace genes or promoters quickly and on a large scale. We also describe transformation procedures for A. nidulans that allow these fragments to be introduced into target strains efficiently such that many genes or promoters can be replaced in a single experiment.
Grading of Gliomas

When Dr. Fields called some weeks ago to ask me to come to this conference and speak on the classification of gliomas, I did not have time to ponder on the request. However, during the ensuing days, as I thought about my presentation, I began to grasp the difficult task I had accepted. To talk on such a subject to this audience, most of whom have spent a large part of their professional lives grappling with brain tumors, is no mean undertaking.
Emerging Treatments in Episodic Migraine.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate and describe recent and emerging treatment options for episodic migraine. Recent advances have been made in better understanding the pathophysiology of migraine, which has led to further investigation of potential new pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment options. A number of new medications are emerging for the acute and preventive treatment of migraine, including CGRP monoclonal antibodies, CGRP receptor antagonists, serotonin 5-HT1F agonists, and PACAP receptor monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, newer studies on existing non-invasive neuromodulation devices including transcranial magnetic stimulation, supraorbital transcutaneous nerve stimulation, and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have recently received FDA approval for use in migraine. Neuromodulation devices including percutaneous mastoid electrical stimulation, non-painful remote electrical stimulation, and caloric vestibular stimulation are undergoing further investigation and have shown promising results thus far. These new developments are expected to contribute to better treatment and decreased disability in migraine.
Varietal Terwilliger Algebras Arising from Wreath Products of Rank Two Association Schemes

Abstract As abstractions of Terwilliger algebras, generalized Terwilliger algebras and varietal Terwilliger algebras have been studied in [5] , [6] , [17] . In general, it is difficult to determine the structure of a varietal Terwilliger algebra. As proposed in the concluding remarks in [4] , in this paper we study the structures of those varietal Terwilliger algebras arising from the wreath products of rank two association schemes. In particular, we give the explicit formulas for their central primitive idempotents. Applications to Terwilliger algebras of association schemes are also discussed, and an affirmative answer to the Terwilliger conjecture mention in [4] is given.
Counterproductive: Time Management in the Knowledge Economy: by Melissa Gregg, Durham, NC, and London, UK, Duke University Press, 2018, 216 pp., $89.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-4780-0071-6 / $23.95 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-4780-0090-7

For years, gender scholar and corporate research director Melissa Gregg visited second-hand bookstores and looked at time management manuals—the kinds of books that productivity gurus pitch to harr...
The Influence of Belief in Offender Redeemability and Decision-Making Competence on Receptivity to Restorative Justice

Restorative justice (RJ) processes offer a way to address multifaceted harms caused by wrongdoing. Yet, questions remain about people’s attitudes toward restorative processes such as victim–offender conferences (VOCs) and the factors that influence those attitudes. This study examined whether beliefs about youth and adult redeemability and decision‐making competence influence perceptions of justice outcomes, VOC effectiveness, VOC appropriateness, VOC support, and VOC participation willingness. Analysis of survey data gathered from 207 participants through Amazon MTurk suggests that perceived redeemability and to a lesser extent decision‐making competence significantly shape outcome‐ and process‐related beliefs and evaluations. Namely, the more people believe that offenders are redeemable, the more they are likely to support restorative outcomes, perceive VOCs to be effective and appropriate, support the use of VOCs, and be willing to participate in a VOC. The study’s findings are useful for potentially shaping people’s understanding of and support for RJ.