cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitizing Young Adults to Their Biases about Middle-Aged and Older Persons: A Pedagogical Approach

In an undergraduate level course addressing adult development and aging, students were asked within the first week of class to examine and articulate their expectations of individuals of differing ages and genders. The students were asked to develop a comprehensive picture that described what life tasks, personality characteristics, personal goals, relationship issues, and work issues they expected would be important to each person. Students were also instructed to describe how they expected (based only upon their preexisting opinion and experience) such individuals would cope with issues related to health, identity, or work. Students were then asked to interview one person of each of the six age group/gender categories that they had previously described, comparing and contrasting interview findings with previously articulated expectations. Results suggested that students emerged from this experience with a more complex and open understanding of people who were not members of their own age group. The prop...
A Serials Cancellation Project at the University of Kentucky

ABSTRACT The state of serials publications in science, technology, and medicine has reached a crisis stage for academic libraries and librarians. Limited budgets have made it difficult to provide the latest research to faculty and students. This paper discusses the general background of the problem and efforts at the University of Kentucky to begin dealing with this crisis during its 2004–05 serials cancellation project. Also examined are the history of the serials problem in academic libraries and the complications and immediate outcomes of this particular cancellation project, along with questions and concerns that still need to be addressed.
Comparing rational choice and prospect theory analyses: The US decision to launch operation ‘desert storm’, January 1991

The purpose of this article is to compare an expected utility rational actor model of decision making with a Prospect theory psychological model of decision making. Each theory is presented and then applied to the well known case surrounding the United States’ decision to launch Operation ‘Desert Storm’ in January 1991 at the outset of the Gulf War. Our goal is not to present new findings concerning the origins or outcomes of the Gulf conflict so much as to use the case to compare and illuminate the similarities and differences of these two theoretical approaches. Our approach does not assume that these two models are necessarily mutually incompatible alternatives. Our goal is to analyze this case in order to discover the comparative advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to determine how much analytic purchase can be gained by combining them. Finally, we offer some conclusions concerning this contrast.
An investigation of nursing competence and the competency outcomes performance assessment curricular approach: senior students' self-reported perceptions.

This study was designed to measure the construct of competence as perceived by nursing students in different programs of study. An exploration of a competence-based curricular model was undertaken to determine if there are distinguishing differences between schools that have formally adopted Dr. Carrie Lenburg's Competency Outcomes Performance Assessment (COPA) model as a curricular guide and those who have do not have a formal competence model guiding the curriculum. The Six-Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (6-D Scale) was used to evaluate nursing competence. Using a purposive sample, senior nursing students ( N = 391) from three different types of nursing programs (baccalaureate, associate [ADN], and diploma) were surveyed. Students completed a two-part questionnaire that included the 6-D Scale, demographic questions, and a researcher-generated questionnaire designed to measure competency-based learning and evaluation. Faculty ( n = 101) from these same programs were also surveyed. The results revealed that students from COPA and non-COPA schools reported slightly lower scores in three subscales: teaching/collaboration, critical care, and leadership. Significant curricular differences as defined by the Klein Scales were found between COPA and non-COPA senior students, with 17% to 30% of the variance explained for the COPA students. The findings reflect that baccalaureate students reported significantly lower 6-D Scale scores in multiple areas when compared to diploma and ADN students. Enhancement of student learning and curricular revisions designed to improve leadership and technical expertise are suggested by the findings of this study.
A multiscale method for fast capacitance extraction

The many levels of metal used in aggressive deep submicron process technologies has made fast and accurate capacitance extraction of complicated 3D geometries of conductors essential, and many novel approaches have been recently developed. In this paper we present an accelerated boundary-element method, like the well-known FASTCAP program, but instead of using an adaptive fast multipole algorithm we use a numerically generated multiscale basis for constructing a sparse representation of the dense boundary-element matrix. Results are presented to demonstrate that the multiscale method can be applied to complicated geometries, generates a sparser boundary-element matrix than the adaptive fast multipole method and provides an inexpensive but effective preconditioner. Examples are used to show that the better sparsification and the effective preconditioner yield a method that can be 25 times faster than FASTCAP while still maintain accuracy in the smallest coupling capacitances.
Surgical coronary revascularization remains relevant in the era of stents.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) has inspired the development of technologies and techniques for coronary revascularization, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and catheter-based interventions (CBIs). RECENT FINDINGS Although CBIs allow the avoidance of general anesthesia, sternotomy, and cardiopulmonary bypass, CBIs-including those performed using drug-eluting stents-are associated with much higher rates of vascular reocclusion than is CABG. In addition, CBIs are not well suited to patients with diabetes or chronic total occlusion, both of which are extremely common in the CAD population. In contrast, CABG has proven effective for CAD patients with these conditions. The technology used in CABG continues to improve; ongoing innovations include off-pump coronary artery bypass; gene therapy to prevent restenosis; and endoscopic, video-assisted, and robot-assisted CABG using automated one-shot distal anastomotic devices. SUMMARY Although CBIs for CAD are now performed more often than surgical procedures, surgery remains an important treatment option.
Tunable high magnetic field thermal hysteresis for exchange-coupled double layers

Two types of tunable thermal hysteresis are observed for the first time in exchange-coupled double layer (ECDL) structures. For low external magnetic fields, ECDLs show one compensation temperature where the measurement of the magnetization as a function of temperature displays a bow-tie shape. For high fields a new type of tunable thermal hysteresis is observed due to an interface wall created between the layers where the ECDL shows two different compensation temperatures. The widths of both forms of thermal hysteresis are tunable with a change in external magnetic field.
Mix, Match, Rediscover: A Mashup Experiment of Knowledge Organization in an Enterprise Environment

Knowledge is the fact or knowing something from experience or via association. Knowledge organization is the systematic management and organization of knowledge (Hodge, 2000). With the advent of Web 2.0, Mashups have become a hot new thing on the Web. A mashup is a Web site or a Web application that combines content from more than one source and delivers it in an integrated way (Fichter, 2006). In this article, we will first explore the concept of mashups and look at the components of a mashup. We will provide an overview of various mashups on the Internet. We will look at literature about knowledge and the knowledge organization. Then, we will elaborate on our experiment of a mashup in an enterprise environment. We will describe how we mixed the content from two sets of sources and created a new source: a novel way of organizing and displaying HP Labs Technical Reports. The findings from our project will be included and some best practices for creating enterprise mashups will be given. The future of enterprise mashups will be discussed as well.
Public relations and the law: A survey of practitioners

Abstract Many public relations professionals may be placing themselves and client organizations at risk of legal liability because they have little or no familiarity with important legal issues that affect public relations activities, according to this study. A survey of Public Relations Society of America members showed that today's professionals consider themselves only some-what familiar with the law in the areas of commercial speech, contracts, financial public relations, copyright, privacy, libel, access to information, SEC regulations and professional malpractice. The study indicates that lawyers often play key roles in public relations decisions, suggesting the potential for encroachment. Contrary to past commentary on the strained relationship between public relations and legal counsel, most public relations professionals view their relationships with attorneys as either excellent or good.
High Etendue Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer: initial results

At the Denver meeting, last year, we presented the High Etendue Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer, (HEIFTS), theory and optical design. This device uses a new 'image plane interferometer' geometry to produce 'autocorrelation function modulation' in the image plane of a 2D imaging array, such that the phase offset of the modulation varies linearly across the image. As a 2D image is pushbroomed across the imaging, array, the record of an individual scene pixel is recorded for each autocorrelation phase offset. The 3D array of this data is processed to yield an 'autocorrelation function' data cube, which is Fourier transformed to yield a 'wavenumber' hyperspectral data curve. A phase I device has been demonstrated in the laboratory and initial results are presented. The significant increase in signal to noise ratio, which the HEIFTS optical design promises over conventional hyperspectral imaging schemes, has been simulated, and results will be discussed. A Phase II system is being prepared for initial field deployment, and will be described.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Low-power skewed-load tests based on functional broadside tests

This article studies the generation of low-power skewed-load tests such that the signal transitions (and line values) they create during their fast functional clock cycles match those of functional broadside tests. Functional broadside tests create functional operation conditions during their fast functional clock cycles. As a result, the signal transitions that occur during these clock cycles can also occur during functional operation. The procedure described in this article matches these signal-transitions on a line-by-line basis when generating low-power skewed-load tests. The procedure accepts a functional broadside test set for transition faults. In one of its basic steps, the procedure modifies a functional broadside test into a skewed-load test. This allows it to retain many of the signal transitions (and line values) of the functional broadside test in the skewed-load test. Experimental results for benchmark circuits demonstrate the extent to which it is possible to match the signal-transitions of skewed-load tests with those of functional broadside tests while achieving the high transition fault coverage that is typical of skewed-load tests.
Psychological resilience in sport: A review of the literature and implications for research and practice

The ability to respond positively to setbacks, obstacles, and failures is essential for any successful athlete. Although resilience has been studied in general psychology for several decades, it is only recently that researchers and practitioners have begun to explore the construct within the sport context. The purpose of this article is to review the current state of resilience scholarship in sport, and to offer guidelines for future research and interventions in this area. Studies of resilience in sport to date have either used experimental designs to investigate resilience to performance failure, or qualitative interview designs to understand the thoughts and beliefs of athletes who have successfully overcome adversity. Researchers who wish to study sport resilience in the future should think carefully about how they operationalise the construct. Furthermore, knowledge will be enhanced by the development of a sport-specific resilience measure and the use of more sophisticated qualitative approaches and...
Extended Storage of Quail, Chicken, and Turkey Eggs 3. Tertiary Sex Ratio in Quail

Abstract INTRODUCTION WHILE analyzing observations on embryos in stored and unstored Japanese quail eggs, some trends in sex ratio became apparent that, to our knowledge, have not been reported before. MATERIALS AND METHODS The quail used in this study belonged to generation 13 of line 908 which was maintained by pedigreed single-pair matings. Non-inbred progeny, i.e. controls, were produced by random matings among non-inbred parents. Deliberately inbred progeny (F = 0.3125) were produced in the present trial by non-inbred parents in a cyclical mating system. Data from non-inbred progeny in the cyclical mating system were pooled with those of the controls. Eggs were collected daily for a total of five weeks starting March 2, 1966. At that time, birds were still recovering from a cold weather period which was reflected in substantial increases of egg production and fertility during the early weeks of the trial (Sittmann et al., 1971). Eggs were…
Dominance and Its Fitness Consequences in American Bison Cows

1. Dominance relations among adult female American bison (Bison bison) were studied between June 1980 and August 1982 at the National Bison Range, Moiese, Montana, and Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A. 2. Contested interactions, or "battles", between cows were rare at both sites. Only one of 362 observed interactions among known Bison Range cows was contested, and only four such interactions were observed during the entire study. 3. Among Bison Range cows, reversals of dominance status within dyads occurred at an extrapolated rate of once every 7.5 dyad-years. 4. Success in aggressive encounters between Bison Range cows was strongly, positively correlated with age, but uncorrelated with body weight or horn damage. Hence, dominance appears to be poorly correlated with fighting ability. Instead, dominance may be determined by cost-benefit asymmetries; older cows may have less to lose from aggression than younger cows. 5. The cow dominance "hierarchy" at the Bison Range does not show a higher degree of linearity than expected given the age-dominance correlation. 6. At neither Yellowstone nor the Bison Range was there evidence of aggressive inhibition of female reproduction, or of harassment of calves by dominant cows. 7. In a variety of environments, a cow that received aggression during foraging suffered a reduction in the proportion of foraging time she spent cropping. Since aggression frequencies varied considerably between habitats, however, the influence of dominance on cropping times also varied between habitats. 8. Aggression frequencies were highest in habitats where forage was sparse and heterogeneous in quality. Accordingly, aggression was most frequent, and probably had the strongest effects on feeding efficiency, in habitats where there was significant travel time between suitable grazing patches.
Soybean Yield Interaction between Helicoverpa zea Infestation and Simulated Frost Injury

Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., yields may be reduced by corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), feeding and by early frosts. One consequence of H. zea feeding can be a delay in pod development. A consequence of frost injury can be shortening of the seed fill duration. The objective of 12 experiments conducted at multiple locations from 1984 to 1987 was to evaluate the potential for an interaction between H. zea feeding damage and early frost. Insecticides were used to establish varying levels of H. zea populations in soybean and paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) was used to simulate frost injury. Significant yield differences between levels of H. zea populations were detected in eight experiments, and paraquat treatments significantly reduced yields in 11 experiments [...]
PLASMA THROMBOXANE CONCENTRATIONS ARE RAISED IN PATIENTS DYING WITH SEPTIC SHOCK

Central venous plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) the stable metabolite of the vasoconstrictor platelet aggregator thromboxane A2, were measured in 12 patients with septic shock. In 8 patients dying with septic shock the concentration of plasma TXB2 (912 +/- 250 pg/ml) was ten times higher than that in 4 survivors of septic shock (92 +/- 25 pg/ml) and 6 controls (91 +/- 18 pg/ml). Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were significantly prolonged in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. Similarly, the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient was significantly raised in nonsurvivors (233 +/- 39 mm Hg) compared with survivors (112 +/- 47 mm Hg). This study demonstrates that the metabolism of arachidonic acid to thromboxanes is increased in patients dying of septic shock and this raises the possibility that thromboxanes may be involved in the disseminated intravascular coagulation and respiratory distress syndrome associated with severe sepsis.
Unitarity and anomalous top-quark Yukawa couplings

Unitarity constraints on anomalous top-quark--Higgs-boson couplings are examined. In the calculation, we consider all tt\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} and two-boson channels and obtain the maximal value of the coupled channel amplitude, which sets the unitarity condition. We compare the unitarity constraints with the constraints from electroweak baryogenesis and electric dipole moments derived earlier. Tighter constraints can be obtained by including a tt\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}HH contract term which arises from one realization of our effective interaction.
Amount of priming and the cue depreciation effect

In word-fragment cuing tests, disclosing a test item piecemeal (e.g., r------p; r----r-p; r-i--r-p; r-i--rop) rather than all at once (r-i--rop) inhibits its discovery. Such cue depreciation has thus far been observed only with items that were either studied beforehand or otherwise primed. In the present study, the effect of amount of priming on the magnitude of the inhibition was investigated. In Experiment 1, some words were presented once and others were presented five times; in Experiment 2, some words were designated the to-be-remembered items and were studied with a deep orienting task, while others were designated the to-be-forgotten items and were studied with a shallow orienting task. In both experiments, the cue depreciation effect dissipated with less primed words, which suggests that priming per se is not the critical factor influencing inhibition.
A summary of the decay of some fission product tin and antimony isotopes

Abstract The mass assignments, half-lives and radiation characteristics of the isobaric pairs 126Sn126Sb, 127Sn127Sb, 128Sn128Sb and 129Sn129Sb and the isotope 130Sb have been investigated. Samples of tin and antimony chemically separated from reactor-irradiated 235U were examined with β- and γ-scintillation spectrometers and β-proportional counters. The main results of this programme are summarized in the present report.
Some advances in fracture studies under the heavy-section steel technology program

Recent results are summarized from HSST studies in three major areas that relate to assessing nuclear reactor pressure vessel integrity under pressurized-thermal-shock (PTS) conditions. These areas are irradiation effects on the fracture properties of stainless steel cladding, crack run-arrest behavior under non-isothermal conditions, and fracture behavior of a thick-wall vessel under combined thermal and pressure loadings. Since a layer of tough stainless steel weld overlay cladding on the interior of a pressure vessel could assist in limiting surface crack extension under PTS conditions, its resistance to radiation embrittlement was examined. A stainless steel overlay cladding, applied by a submerged arc, single-wire, oscillating-electrode method, was irradiated to 2 × 1023 neutrons/m2 (> 1 MeV) at 288°C. Yield strength increases up to 27% and a slight increase in ductility were observed. Charpy V-Notch data showed a ductile-to-brittle transition behavior caused by temperature-dependent failure of the 8-ferrite phase. The type 308 cladding, microstructurally typical of that in reactor pressure vessels, showed very little degradation in either upper-shelf energy or transition temperature due to irradiation. Crack-arrest behavior of A533 grade B class 1 steel was examined for temperatures extending above the onset of Charpy upper-shelf. Crack-arrest experiments that use wide-plate specimens have shown crack arrest occurring prior to transition to tearing or tensile instability. High values of crack-arrest toughness have been recorded (static values above 400 MPa m that are well above the maximum value that safety assessment criteria assume such materials can exhibit. A validation experiment was performed by exposing an intentionally flawed HSST intermediate test vessel to combined pressure and thermal transients. The experiment addressed warm-prestressing phenomena, crack propagation from brittle to ductile regions, and crack stabilization in ductile regions. Test and analysis results are summarized.
Numerical modeling of Stefan problems

A numerical method for the solution of two-dimensional Stefan problems will be presented in this paper. The major features of the method are the use of boundary-fitted coordinates, and an implicit marching procedure. Illustrative examples will be given in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the method. Numerical results of the present method will be compared with those obtained previously.
Effects of Partial Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training on Children with Cerebral Palsy

Purpose:The purpose of this literature review was to investigate the effects of partial body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) on gross motor function, balance, gait speed, and endurance in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Summary of Key Points:Larger numbers of preschool and school-aged
On the detectability of straight lines in visual noise: An extension of French’s paradigm into the millisecond domain

We report the results of a study that investigated the effects of four experimental parameters on the tachistoscopic detectability of dotted lines in a noisy background consisting of dynamic patterns of identical dots. Characteristics of the lines that were explored included dot spacing, dot numerosity, and line orientation. Dot spacing was shown to be the most powerful parameter in determining the masking effect: the closer the dots, the more easily the line was detected. Increasing the number of the dots was also effective in increasing the detectability of a line, but only up to a limit of five dots. The orientation of the line, on the other hand, did not alter its detectability. Increasing the density of the visual masking noise monotonically reduced the detectability of the line. These studies are an extension of French’s (1953, 1954) work, differing mainly in the fact that the stimulus material was presented tachistoscopically rather than in a mode that allowed prolonged (up to 5 sec) examination of the figures. Thus, they put the results in a domain in which physiological interpretations may be more critically evaluated. A comparison of the results suggests that essentially the same sorts of cognitive mechanisms are operating in the millisecond domain as in the longer exposures. This suggests that simple neurological models utilizing the concept of feature filters or detectors may be being prematurely applied to relatively complex perceptual processes.
Local Helioseismology as an Inverse Source-Inverse Scattering Problem

The inverse source and inverse scattering problems for a general inhomogeneous medium is investigated within the framework of helioseismic holography. Holographic images, defined by the method of Lindsey and Braun, or via the Porter-Bojarski equation, define a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind in terms of acoustic sources, scatterers, and absorbers. This integral equation is well posed in the sense that it can be inverted by standard constrained inversion methods. The inversion produces an image that does not distinguish between sources, scatterers, and absorbers. The inversion is necessarily approximate because of the null space of the kernel that defines the Fredholm equation. Physically, the null space corresponds to the nonradiating source contribution, as previously shown by Devaney and Porter. Numerical experiments based on a solar model show that the sidelobes in the "imaging point-spread function" are greatly reduced after inversion, such that the image is sharper than the corresponding holographic image.
Practical thermal design of run-around air-to-air heat recovery system

Abstract Representing the majority of the run-around heat recovery system, this study proposes a straight-forward explicit thermal design procedure. The exhaust and supply air flow rates, their temperature conditions, and their allowable pressure drops through the coils are commonly given as the most practical design conditions in a run-around heat recovery system. Based on the allowable air pressure drop, the design starts with a minimum number of rows and proceeds until all specifications have been met. Hence the smallest possible coil can be obtained by this approach. With some further practical considerations, a final adjustment may lead to the least expensive and most efficient design. Currently, part of this design procedure is being employed in the heat transfer and heat recovery industry.
SIMULATING THE EFFECT OF POISSON RATIO ON METALLIC GLASS PROPERTIES

Recent work has shown that many metallic glass properties correlate with the Poisson ratio of the glass. We have developed a new model for simulating the atomistic behavior of liquids and glasses that allows us to change the Poisson ratio, while keeping the crystalline phase cohesive energy, lattice constant, and bulk modulus fixed. A number of liquid and glass properties are shown to be directly affected by the Poisson ratio. An increasing Poisson ratio stabilizes the liquid structure relative to the crystal phase, as indicated by a significantly lower melting temperature and by a lower enthalpy of the liquid phase. The liquids clearly exhibit two changes in behavior: one at low temperatures, associated with the conventional glass transition Tg, and a second, higher temperature change associated with the shear properties of the liquids. This second crossover has a characteristic, measurable change in the liquid structure.
Inhibition by Hypothalamic Prolactin Implants of Prolactin Secretion, Mammary Growth and Luteal Function

Implantation of prolactin into the median eminence of mature intact and ovariectomized rats resulted in increased hypothalamic content of prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF), reduced pituitary prolactin concentration and pituitary weight, and marked regression of the mammary glands. The ovaries of the intact prolactin-implanted rats were characterized by well-developed follicles and relatively few large corpora lutea, whereas the ovaries of the shamoperated rats had large corpora lutea characteristic of pseudopregnancy. These observations suggest that implanted prolactin inhibits pituitary prolactin synthesis and release by directly increasing hypothalamic PIF secretion. (Endocrinology 82: 878, 1968)
Atypical Presentation of Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease

We describe a 42-year-old woman with progressive dyspnea on exertion resulting from pulmonary artery compression by a mediastinal mass due to extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease. After initial biopsies were inconclusive, she underwent surgical resection of the mass to relieve the pulmonary artery compression, which was causing severe right ventricular dysfunction. Debulking of the mass required resection and reconstruction of the ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, and bilateral pulmonary arteries using cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest. We believe this is the first report of Rosai-Dorfman disease manifesting as compression of the thoracic great vessels.
Trade-offs in plant responses to herbivory influence trophic routes of production in a freshwater wetland

Responses of aquatic macrophytes to leaf herbivory may differ from those documented for terrestrial plants, in part, because the potential to maximize growth following herbivory may be limited by the stress of being rooted in flooded, anaerobic sediments. Herbivory on aquatic macrophytes may have ecosystem consequences by altering the allocation of nutrients and production of biomass within individual plants and changing the quality and quantity of aboveground biomass available to consumers or decomposers. To test the effects of leaf herbivory on plant growth and production, herbivory of a dominant macrophyte, Nymphaea odorata, by chrysomelid beetles and crambid moths was controlled during a 2-year field experiment. Plants exposed to herbivory maintained, or tended to increase, biomass and aboveground net primary production relative to controls, which resulted in 1.5 times more aboveground primary production entering the detrital pathway of the wetland. In a complementary greenhouse experiment, the effects of simulated leaf herbivory on total plant responses, including biomass and nutrient allocation, were investigated. Plants in the greenhouse responded to moderate herbivory by maintaining aboveground biomass relative to controls, but this response occurred at the expense of belowground growth. Results of these studies suggest that N. odorata may tolerate moderate levels of herbivory by reallocating biomass and resources aboveground, which in turn influences the quantity, quality and fate of organic matter available to herbivores and decomposers.
Skin cancer screening by dermatologists: prevalence and barriers.

Abstract Background: The incidence of skin cancers is increasing at an alarming rate, and there is currently no consensus by major health policy organizations regarding skin cancer screening. It has previously been shown that primary care physicians do not screen a majority of patients for skin cancer. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of skin cancer screening among dermatologists and to detect barriers to screening. As a secondary objective, we set out to determine the prevalence of dermatoscopy use. Methods: With the use of membership data from the 1999-2000 directory of the American Academy of Dermatology, a random sample of 464 American dermatologists was surveyed to assess their skin cancer screening practices and perceived obstacles to this practice. We then determined whether differences in knowledge of skin cancer screening recommendations, emphasis of skin cancer screening in training, or physician age affected the prevalence of screening. Results: A total of 190 dermatologists responded (41%). Fifty-seven respondents (30%) reported performing full-body skin cancer screening on all of their adult patients and 93 more (49%) reported screening only patients perceived to be at increased risk. Eighty respondents (42%) reported lack of time as an impediment to screening. Only 18 (9%) did not screen patients because of potential patient embarrassment, whereas 17 (9%) did not perform screening because of lack of financial reimbursement. Sixty-two dermatologists (33%) reported being aware of official skin cancer screening recommendations, but they were not more likely to screen all patients ( P = .64) or partake in screening of all patients or only those at increased risk ( P = .84). One hundred nineteen respondents (63%) reported that skin cancer screening was emphasized during their medical training and they were more likely to screen all patients ( P = .04) or either all or high-risk patients ( P = .02). Younger age groups of dermatologists were significantly more likely to screen all patients for skin cancer ( P = .03). Twenty-two percent of respondents reported using dermatoscopy for suspicious lesions. Conclusion: Dermatologists report a high rate of screening for skin cancer despite not having knowledge of skin cancer screening recommendations. Inadequate time to perform full-body skin examinations and lack of emphasis during training were identified as possible barriers to this practice. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:710-4.)
Frequency and Intensity of Postoperative Surveillance After Curative Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Few data exist to guide oncologic surveillance following curative treatment of pancreatic cancer. We sought to identify a rational, cost-effective postoperative surveillance strategy. We constructed a Markov model to compare the cost-effectiveness of 5 postoperative surveillance strategies. No scheduled surveillance served as the baseline strategy. Clinical evaluation and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 testing without/with routine computed tomography and chest X-ray at either 6- or 3-month intervals served as the 4 comparison strategies of increasing intensity. We populated the model with symptom, recurrence, treatment, and survival data from patients who had received intensive surveillance after multimodality treatment at our institution between 1998 and 2008. Costs were based on Medicare payments (2011 US dollars). The baseline strategy of no scheduled surveillance was associated with a postoperative overall survival (OS) of 24.6 months and a cost of $3837/patient. Clinical evaluation and CA 19-9 assay every 6 months until recurrence was associated with a 32.8-month OS and a cost of $7496/patient, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $5364/life-year (LY). Additional routine imaging every 6 months incrementally increased total cost by $3465 without increasing OS. ICERs associated with clinic visits every 3 months without/with routine imaging were $127,680 and $294,696/LY, respectively. Sensitivity analyses changed the strategies’ absolute costs but not the relative ranks of their ICERs. Increasing the frequency and intensity of postoperative surveillance of patients after curative therapy for pancreatic cancer beyond clinical evaluation and CA 19-9 testing every 6 months increases cost but confers no clinically significant survival benefit.
Purification of transfer RNA species by single-step ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been developed for the purification and concentration of milligram quantities of tRNA. A Waters Protein Pak DEAE 5PW 150 × 21.5 mm I.D. column was utilized for the separation of tRNA species. The chromatographic conditions chosen created non-denaturing conditions for separating the different species: 0.1 M Tris buffer (pH 7.6) at 25°C, with a 0.25 M to 0.4 M sodium chloride gradient, using a 170-min gradient. The gradient form could be adjusted for optimizing purification (to over 85%) of the tRNA species of interest. The same DEAE packing in a smaller column was found to be effective for concentrating solutions of the purified tRNA. Fifty-fold concentration and recoveries above 90% have been obtained by this method. These methods were successfully applied to the purification of individual tRNA species from both Escherichia coli and yeast.
Congenital rock and a hard place: unicuspid aortic valve with sinus of valsalva aneurysm

Cardiac CT angiography (CTA) is an ideal tool to investigate possible cardiac malformations. In this case, careful planning of the CTA acquisition and reconstruction provided high resolution images of cardiac anatomy revealing 2 extremely rare coexisting congenital defects; a unicuspid aortic valve (UAV) and sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA). Detailed planning of CTA acquisition reconstruction protocols is essential in obtaining necessary information for clinical decision-making strategies and interventions in the patients with suspected cardiac anomalies.
Inducible resistance of tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2-mediated apoptosis by generation of a blockade at the death domain function

Induction of tumor cell resistance to therapeutics has been a major obstacle in cancer therapy. Targeting of the death receptors by a natural ligand, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), or agonistic monoclonal antibodies against TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) or TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) has been thought to be a promising cancer therapy. To determine whether tumor cells are able to generate a resistance to apoptosis induced by an anti-TRAIL-R2 antibody, TRA-8, we examined the apoptotic response of human breast and ovarian cancer cell lines after treatment with TRA-8. Our results show that tumor cell resistance to TRA-8 can be induced by repeated treatment of tumor cells with low, non-apoptosis-inducing doses of TRA-8. Interestingly, the induced resistance to apoptosis was not due to a global apoptotic defect in tumor cells but rather a selective defect in the TRAIL-R2 signaling pathway. Whereas TRA-8-treated tumor cells developed a selective resistance to TRAIL-R2-mediated apoptosis, the apoptotic responses induced by TRAIL, an anti-TRAIL-R1 antibody (2E12), and other apoptotic stimuli were not impaired. The expression levels of cell surface TRAIL-R2 were not altered and mutations of TRAIL-R2 were not found in the resistant cells. The induced TRA-8 resistance was due to a selective blockade at the level of the death domain and could be reversed by a wide array of chemotherapeutic agents. Proteomic analysis of death-inducing signaling complex formation during TRA-8 treatment shows that the translocation of TRAIL-R2-associated apoptotic proteins was significantly altered. Our results suggest that the prevention of tumor cell resistance to therapeutic agents that target the death receptors must be taken into consideration. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8520-8)
Voices of Mexican American Caregivers for Family Members With Cancer: On Becoming Stronger

This grounded theory study report describes the experience of 34 Mexican American (MA) female caregivers who provided care to a family member with cancer. Caregivers identified a process of “Becoming Stronger” as a result of their caregiver role. The emerging theoretical model of female MA cancer caregiving offers evidence to change current cancer care approaches from patient-focused to family-focused care for this ethnic group. Findings suggest that changes most responsive to cultural values and likely to provide accessible and quality cancer care for MA families are those that involve active partnering with MA caregivers to prioritize the patient's cancer care.
Electromagnetic and Laplace domain analysis of memristance and associative learning using memristive synapses modeled in SPICE

The unique properties of memristors could possibly be used in non-volatile memories and neuromorphic computing to drastically reduce area and power dissipation. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand the concept of memristance from an electromagnetic theory perspective and derive an expression for memristance in Laplace domain involving only fundamental material properties. Further, a parameterized SPICE model for the memristor is shown to mimic a synapse in a typical neural network. An ultra-low power and compact neural network is constructed using memristors and the leaky-integrate-fire neuron model to demonstrate associative learning. This shows promise that memristive neuromorphic computing has potential to achieve the ultimate challenge of mimicking the human brain.
Studies on Antigen-Antibody Reactions Using Light Scattering from Antigen Coated Colloidal Particles

Abstract Studies are presented of dynamic light scattering from colloidal suspensions of fractionated ferrofluid particles (40-60 nm average diameter) coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subjected to BSA antibodies and soluble BSA in a competitive binding mode. The observed slowly decaying component in the autocorrelation spectrum originates from the motion of BSA coated colloidal particle-antibody aggregates. Measurements of antigen-antibody kinetics and soluble BSA dose response suggest that the BSA coated particles behave as “large” antigen molecules.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Claudin-2 Participate in A549 Permeability and Remodeling: Implications for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Colonization

Tumor colonization involves changes in cell permeability and remodeling. Paracellular permeability is regulated by claudins, integrated tight junction (TJ) proteins, located on the apicolateral portion of epithelial cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was reported to modify cellular claudin levels and induce remodeling. To investigate a role for EGF receptor (EGFR) activation in tumor colonization we studied the effect of EGF and claudin-2 overexpression on permeability and cell reorganization in the human A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line. Our data demonstrated that A549 cells possess functional TJs and that EGF treatment increased levels of claudin-2 expression by 46%. Furthermore, EGFR signaling reduced monolayer permeability to choline and triggered cellular remodeling. The mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059 blocked the effect on A549 permeability and remodeling. EGF stimulation also exacerbated a fourfold increase in cell colonization elicited by claudin-2 upregulation. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that EGFR signaling plays an important role in A549 cell physiology and acts synergistically with claudin-2 to accelerate tumor colonization. Understanding the influence of EGF on A549 cell permeability and reorganization will help shed light on NSCLC tumor colonization and contribute to the development of novel anti-cancer treatments.
Mid-shaft fracture of the clavicle with grade III acromioclavicular separation.

Competitive cycling (track and road events) has been shown to have a low incidence of injuries from accidents (2% to 3%). A high percentage of these injuries (21% to 85%) involve the upper extremity.l, 3, r 7 Clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular (AC) separations tend to be common injuries in cyclists. However, up to now only two cases have been reported in the world literature, where they occur in combination/' 5
Changes in the aging brain as they affect psychotropics: a review.

This article reviews a number of neuroanatomic and neurochemical changes that occur in the brain with aging, and focuses specifically on those that may affect the response to psychotropic drugs. We hope to increase physicians' awareness of these “central,” or brain, changes, that occur with aging when prescribing and monitoring psychotropic use, since the traditional emphasis in prescribing for the elderly has rested with the review of pharmacokinetic, or “peripheral” organ changes.
Analysis of a Gene Cluster of Enterococcus faecalis Involved in Polysaccharide Biosynthesis

Previously, we described a gene cluster of Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF that produced an antigenic polysaccharide when cloned in Escherichia coli. The polysaccharide antigen was not detectable in E. faecalis strains, however. Here, we show by reverse transcriptase-PCR that the 16 genes in this region are transcribed in OG1RF. Gene disruption of orfde4, encoding a putative glycosyl transferase, and orfde6, a putative dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis gene, generated two OG1RF mutants. The mutants showed delayed killing and a higher 50% lethal dose in a mouse peritonitis model. In addition, two mucoid E. faecalis isolates from patients with chronic urinary tract infections were found to produce the polysaccharide antigen.
Annealing behavior of gel‐spun polyethylene fibers at temperatures lower than needed for significant shrinkage

The annealing at 373 K of ultrastrong, gel-spun polyethylene (PE) has been studied. At this temperature, the fibers show no significant shrinkage. Still, a signifi- cant decrease in the mechanical properties is observed. The fibers have been analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature-modulated differential scan- ning calorimetry (TMDSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). During the annealing, the glass transition of the intermediate phase is exceeded, as shown by DSC. When split for structure analysis by AFM, the annealed fibers undergo plastic deformation around the base fibrils instead of brittle fracture. The quasi-isothermal TMDSC experiments are compared to the minor structural changes seen with SAXS and AFM. The loss of performance of the PE fibers at 373 K is suggested to be caused by the oriented intermediate phase, and not by major changes in the structure or morphology. The overall metastable, semicrystalline structure is shown by TMDSC to posses local regions that can melt reversibly. © 2003 Wiley Period-
A feasibility study of subthreshold SRAM across technology generations

In this paper, we have explored the feasibility of designing an SRAM array in the subthreshold domain of device operation. We have performed a nominal corner analysis of power and stability and a statistical analysis of the different failure probabilities of the subthreshold SRAM. Our analysis shows that subthreshold SRAM gives significant reduction (/spl sim/100/spl times/) of operating and standby power at iso-performance (/spl sim/100MHz) compared to the superthreshold counterpart. However, with increasing intra-die variation owing to technology scaling, the failure probability of subthreshold SRAM increases thereby masking the power benefits.
NoC datapath for polymorphic processors in embedded systems

Polymorphic processing has the goal of producing a processor combining the advantages of general purpose processing with the significant gains achievable by custom application specific computing. To achieve these ends a novel polymorphic processor architecture is presented. Incorporating networking on a chip (NoC) techniques into the datapath design has the potential to provide noticeable advantages when compared to a traditional processor datapath, especially for reconfigurable platforms such as FPGAs. This paper presents an architecture integrating NoC concepts into the design of a processor datapath in order to create a polymorphic processor. The paper will further explore and analyze the effect of topology choices and NoC design on the performance of polymorphic processors with specific focus on the impacts of NoC datapath integration.
The Agent WiSARD Approach to Intelligent Active Video Surveillance Systems

The Agent WiSARD methodology for intelligent active video surveillance systems is proposed in this paper. The hybrid neurosymbolic system (called ISIDIS) is based on the integration of virtual neural sensors and BDI agents. The use of virtual neural sensors coupled with symbolic reasoning allow the system to work on different scenarios and in any light condition.