cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Semantics and What is said

A once commonplace view is that only a semantic theory that interprets sentences of a language according to what their utterances intuitively say can be correct. The rationale is that only by requiring a tight connection between what a sentence means and what its users intuitively say can we explain why, normally, those linguistically competent with a language upon hearing its sentences uttered can discern what they say. More precisely, this approach ties the semantic content of a sentence to intuitions about “says that” reports. Cappelen and Lepore (1997, 2004) forcefully argued against this approach. But given their criticism, what constraints are there on a correct assignment of semantic conent to sentences of a language? Two choices are available regard: either give up the strategy of identifying semantic content by looking at indirect speech reports, or, conclude that the intuition about the connection between meaning and intuitions about indirect reports is basically on the right track, but needs to be further constrained. We will explore both strategies and argue that ultimately we should reject the intuitions about indirect reports as tests on semantic theory, and propose a more direct strategy for identifying semantic content.
Efficacy of Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride on Suppression of Physalospora vaccinii in Laboratory Assays

Growth of Physalospora vaccinii on inoculated agar growth medium and cranberries treated with 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) was investigated in the laboratory. In vitro growth assays, the colony diameter, and mycelial dry weight of P. vaccinii was reduced at 1,000 ppm ADBAC. Mild or no reduction of fungal growth and mycelial dry weight was observed at concentrations less than 100 ppm when compared with the nonamended control. Growth of P. vaccinii on inoculated cranberries was inhibited by treatment with 10 and 100 ppm ADBAC. Complete inhibition of fungus growth was also achieved at 1,000 ppm ADBAC. Area under the disease progress curve values in wounded fruits were 75, 77, and 100% at 10, 100, and 1,000 ppm ADBAC, respectively, whereas area under the disease progress curve values in fruits immersed in ADBAC and pathogen were reduced 47 to 100% compared with the untreated fruits used as controls. No P. vaccinii or other fungi were detected on the control fruits inoculated with sterile distilled water. This is the first report on the use of ADBAC to control a field and storage rotting fungus, P. vaccinii. ADBAC is likely to be an important component to any integrated approach for reducing the risks associated with the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in or on foods.
Laboratory Testing in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Many of the laboratory tests routinely ordered for patients with diabetes mellitus in the outpatient setting are of more limited use in the hospitalized patient. However, the hospital is certainly a place for opportunistic diabetes diagnosis, and laboratory monitoring for effects of therapy is essential.
Inglés, español, o "spanglish" en los Estados Unidos: un largo debate para el siglo XXI

La confirmacion de que la poblacion hispana se ha convertido en la nueva primera minoria en los Estados Unidos y que esta circunstancia impondra una agenda politica, cultural social y educativa inaplazable, aunada a la discusion dentro y fuera de este pais sobre el papel que el espanol debe desempenar en el nuevo siglo, nos indican a nosotros, maestros, escritores, intelectuales, hispanos y anglos, que hay que reavivar acuciosamente el debate sobre la(s) lengua(s) que seran habladas por esa primera minoria y que perfilaran los rasgos de esa “hispanidad”, mas alla de las posiciones de principios sobre la defensa a ultranza de la lengua o del “English only”. Este trabajo se propone revisar el estado de la discusion de tan controversial debate y columbrar algunos escenarios posibles.
Shaping the Organization

Any program or activity—no matter how passionate the cause, no matter how important the outcome—is likely to lose both its vital energy and sense of urgency as attention shifts from lofty principles and goals to the concrete, routine, often monotonous tasks of implementation. Indeed, the highly intense crusaders and visionaries who launch major enterprises of any sort are not generally known for their patience or for their capacity to devote the same level of energy to the myriad and mundane details that translate visions of the future into activities, tasks, and discrete outcomes. Nor is it reasonable to expect the rank and file of organizers, managers, and workers to maintain a spirit of passionate belief and dedication; for them, “working for the cause” still comes down to the daily grind of “making a living.”
Is there homogeneity in periodontal health between African Americans and Mexican Americans

OBJECTIVES This study identified and contrasted prevalence and predictors of periodontitis among African Americans, Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites in the US adult population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. This study compared those with and without periodontitis in each racial/ethnic group. METHODS This study was limited to records of US African-American, Mexican-American, and non-Hispanic White adults at least 17 years of age who received a complete periodontal assessment as part of the dental examination in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). RESULTS Despite the findings that Mexican Americans were less educated, poorer, and had less insurance coverage than African Americans, Mexican Americans had a similar prevalence of periodontitis as non-Hispanic Whites. African Americans had the highest prevalence among all groups. A similar scenario was observed in the multiple logistic analyses. CONCLUSIONS Mexican Americans had periodontal health profiles closer to non-Hispanic Whites than did African Americans, despite the shared "minority" status. Public health research and practice should explicitly recognize that while "minorities" are considered a homogeneous group, they do not necessarily share the same health profiles.
Tucked in Mourning Blue

Tucked in Mourning Blue commenced from a visual study of Christian Dior’s 1947 Tourterelle and 1948 Diamant Noir dresses that utilized folds and pleats of fabric to create volume, texture, and movement.
Acceleration-induced pressure gradients and cavitation in soft biomaterials.

The transient, dynamic response of soft materials to mechanical impact has become increasingly relevant due to the emergence of numerous biomedical applications, e.g., accurate assessment of blunt injuries to the human body. Despite these important implications, acceleration-induced pressure gradients in soft materials during impact and the corresponding material response, from small deformations to sudden bubble bursts, are not fully understood. Both through experiments and theoretical analyses, we empirically show, using collagen and agarose model systems, that the local pressure in a soft sample is proportional to the square of the sample depth in the impact direction. The critical acceleration that corresponds to bubble bursts increases with increasing gel stiffness. Bubble bursts are also highly sensitive to the initial bubble size, e.g., bubble bursts can occur only when the initial bubble diameter is smaller than a critical size (≈10 μm). Our study gives fundamental insight into the physics of injury mechanisms, from blunt trauma to cavitation-induced brain injury.
Targeted therapy use in adults with cancer ≥85 years of age.

Abstract Purpose Assess patient- and clinical-related variables associated with targeted cancer treatments (TTs) for adults ≥85 years of age. Rationale TTs have pathway-specific side effects that negatively affect QoL and medication adherence, which may reduce TT efficacy. Research has not focused on patients aged ≥85 years; therefore, the scope of TT use in this age group is not understood. Methods We conducted an electronic medical record review to identify individuals ≥ 85 years treated with TT. Results The sample ( N = 295) was 53.5% male, 41% married/partnered, and 73.7% Caucasian. Common cancer types included breast (26.3%), prostate (31.3%), and leukemia (14.1%). Only one-third ( n = 98) of the sample had TT side effects noted in their patient chart. Conclusions Patients aged ≥85 years took similar TTs and experienced similar side effects as reported by research of younger patients; however, symptom experience was not well-reported.
GDoF Region of the MISO BC: Bridging the Gap Between Finite Precision and Perfect CSIT

For the $K=2$ user MISO BC, i.e., the wireless broadcast channel where a transmitter equipped with $K=2$ antennas sends independent messages to $K=2$ receivers each of which is equipped with a single antenna, the generalized degrees of freedom (GDoFs) region are characterized for arbitrary channel strength and channel uncertainty levels for each of the channel coefficients. The result is extended to K>2 users under additional restrictions which include the assumption of symmetry.
Deep Geography: Implications of the Socio-Spatial Structure in Artificial-Intelligence Research for Financial Institutions

As a leading branch of artificial intelligence, deep learning promises competitive differentiation and more efficient operations for financial institutions. But the geographic and social structure of the deep-learning community complicates access to its most cutting-edge research for many financial institutions. We explore how this socio-spatial structure presents obstacles for incumbent institutions, which disadvantage them against new entrants to financial markets – from whom incumbent institutions are facing threats of disruption. We also probe how geographic distribution of deep-learning research affects the hegemony of the New York-London axis in financial innovation. Consequently, we find a need to revisit how the importance of financial centers is measured and viewed in economic geography. Finally, we investigate how ‘at-a-distance’ involvement by incumbent financial institutions in deep learning generates black-box risks that could harbor significant ramifications for both regulatory policies and systemic stability.
Chapter 22 – Measuring Impact

Measuring impact is a complex process, rooted in the nature of the work it seeks to measure and the stakeholders for whom the measures are important. Because of the increasing attention placed on impact measurement, many individual indicators and tools have been developed. There are both qualitative and quantitative indicators, though much focus has been placed on the quantitative indicators, particularly on bibliometrics. Indicators vary in terms of scope from author-level measures to article- and journal-level measures. Many tools exist to calculate some of these measures, though each unique in their content coverage and calculations. A more holistic view of impact measurement involves methods by which to enhance impact (managing identity, discovery, and sharing) and frameworks to describe impact broadly, beyond individual quantitative indicators. This chapter reviews some research impact frameworks and the most common impact indicators, tools, and methods to enhance impact.
Oligomerization of ethanol-derived propene and isobutene mixtures to transportation fuels: catalyst and process considerations

In this paper, we report on solid acid catalysts and process conditions suitable for oligomerization of ethanol-derived mixed olefins propene and isobutene to transportation fuels, specifically targeting high-octane gasoline or jet-range hydrocarbons with high carbon efficiency. Catalytic performance was evaluated for two classes of solid acid catalysts—zeolites (H-ZSM-5, H-Y, H-beta) and polymeric resins (Amberlyst-36, Purolite-CT275)—each of which offer different catalytic properties. Two representative model olefin feeds: 1) diisobutene and 2) isobutene/propene (4/1 mol) mixture were used. Interestingly, both classes of solid acid catalysts can be tuned to produce a similar jet-distillate range hydrocarbon product with temperature determined to be the critical operating process parameter. For example, the propene conversion over H-beta zeolite was dramatically increased from 7 to 87% when the temperature was increased from 140 to 200 °C; whereas, nearly all (>99%) of the isobutene was converted over the same temperature range. However, with this relatively modest temperature increment (60 °C), formation of products in the jet-distillate range dramatically decreased from 90 to 65%, thus revealing an important activity/selectivity trade-off associated with the reaction temperature. Processing of aqueous ethanol to liquid hydrocarbon product was demonstrated in two sequential catalytic steps: 1) conversion of ethanol to an isobutene/propene-rich gas mixture over Zn1Zr2.5Oz catalyst, followed by 2) oligomerization over solid acid resin (Amberlyst-36). This processing sequence produced a highly branched olefin product primarily in the gasoline range (70% mass yield based on simulated distillation) with a high octane rating (approximate research octane number [RON] of 103). To increase the carbon yield to that of jet-range hydrocarbons, separation of the olefins from the light gases (i.e., H2, CO2, etc.) is required prior to oligomerization. Thus, in a separate set of experiments, an isobutene/propene mixture was converted over either H-beta (200 °C) or Purolite-CT275 (120 °C). This conversion step produced jet-range hydrocarbons with 80–85% mass yield. Upon subsequent distillation and hydrotreatment, both liquid products met select ASTM 7566 Annex A5 specifications for an alcohol-to-jet synthetic paraffinic kerosene (ATJ-SPK) blending component (e.g., specifications for freezing point, flash point, viscosity, and density).
Trajectories of Perceived Parental Psychological Control across Adolescence and Implications for the Development of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms

Theory and research indicate considerable changes in parental control across adolescence (e.g., declining behavioral control), but the developmental course and significance of psychological control remains largely unknown. This study examined trajectories of adolescents’ reports of mothers’ and fathers’ psychological control from ages 12 to 19, predictors of occupying distinct trajectories, and the developmental significance of these trajectories for adolescents’ development of depressive and anxiety symptoms. It used eight waves of survey data on 500 adolescents (Mage = 11.83, SD = 1.03; 52% female; 67% White, 12% African American) and their parents from the Pacific Northwest United States. Most adolescents (about 90%) reported low but increasing levels of parental psychological control over time, with a small but significant subset (about 10%) perceiving perpetually elevated levels. Mothers’ (but not fathers’) depressive symptoms, reported at the age 12 assessment, predicted adolescents’ membership in the elevated psychological control trajectory. Adolescents occupying these elevated trajectories showed more problematic growth in depressive and anxiety symptoms across adolescence. Taken together, the findings suggest that many adolescents experience increased parental psychological control as they age, and that variability in these trends indicates individual differences in their development of depressive and anxiety symptoms over time.
A NATIONAL SURVEY OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS VIEWS AND EXPERIENCES OF THE ADULT POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES.

AbstractA nationwide, demographically balanced Internet survey of 1000 adults (500 females, 500 males, mean age 49.5, range 18–88 years) was conducted to assess views and experiences of clinical hy...
Improving the SDM system; Separation of rings formed at the Output end, and for the first time, the SDM system becomes one of the tools of specialized photonics software systems i.e. Optiwave!

Design a four-input SDM system, separate the four launched lasers resulted at BSM, take the output file of the software used and then use it as an input for more measurements.
Declarative and procedural working memory updating processes are mutually facilitative

Executive function, or cognitive control, describes the ability to guide information processing in line with internal goals, but the nature of-and relationship between-the component processes supporting this ability remains poorly understood. Two key components of cognitive control are thought to be the regulation of the declarative contents of working memory (WM) and the selection of task sets, or procedural rules that determine how declarative items are employed. Factor-analytic studies have suggested that updating the items held in WM and updating task sets are cognitively distinct, but interrelated, core domains of executive function. However, the precise relationship between these processes remains unknown, since they have rarely been tested simultaneously in a single task. In the present study, we devised a novel method of independently manipulating declarative item-updating and procedural task-updating processes in WM. Across two experiments, we found that the updating of declarative and procedural WM representations interacted subadditively, suggesting they are not constrained by a common processing bottleneck. Moreover, in a third experiment, we found that updating two declarative items in WM simultaneously did not incur a behavioral cost in response time above and beyond the cost of one item alone. Taken together, our results provide new evidence that the updating of information in declarative and procedural WM is mutually facilitative, such that opening the gate for updating declarative content reduces the time needed to update procedural content, and vice versa.
Tissue factor as a new target for CAR-NK cell immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing ~15% of globally diagnosed breast cancer, is typically an incurable malignancy due to the lack of targetable surface targets for development of effective therapy. To address the unmet need for TNBC treatment, we recently determined that tissue factor (TF) is a useful surface target in 50-85% of patients with TNBC and developed a second-generation TF-targeting antibody-like immunoconjugate (called L-ICON) for preclinical treatment of TNBC. Using the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) approach, here we develop and test TF-targeting CAR-engineered natural killer (TF-CAR-NK) cells that co-express CD16, the Fc receptor (FcγIII) to mediate antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC), for a preclinical assessment of immunotherapy of TNBC using TF-CAR-NK cell as single agent therapy and in combination with L-ICON. Our preclinical results demonstrate that TF-CAR-NK cells alone could kill TNBC cells and its efficacy was enhanced with L-ICON ADCC in vitro. Moreover, TF-CAR-NK cells were effective in vivo for the treatment of TNBC in cell line- and patient's tumor-derived xenograft mouse models. Thus, this study established the proof of concept of targeting TF as a new target in CAR-NK immunotherapy for effective treatment of TNBC and may warrant further preclinical study and potentially future investigation in TNBC patients.
Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease

The secondary prevention of coronary artery disease can be defined as a long-term management strategy for patients who have sustained an acute coronary syndrome or have chronic coronary heart disease. Goals of secondary prevention include: (1) long-term survival, (2) enhanced quality of life by restoring and maintaining normal activities and psychosocial function, (3) prevention of recurrent coronary events, and (4) reduction of new lesion formation and rate of coronary disease progression.
No expiration date: a qualitative inquiry of sexuality after 50

Multiple studies have discovered a positive association between sex in later life and increased physical and mental health. Sexuality and aging is often approached from a deficit model, presenting ...
Understanding local food consumption from an ideological perspective: Locavorism, authenticity, pride, and willingness to visit

Abstract Extant research on local food consumption is emerging yet limited. This study aims tofill a void to test locavorism as a second-order construct and its effects on authenticity,pride, and willingness to visit. Further, the boundary condition of the effect oflocavorism is also explored. Results suggest that restaurant managers that endeavorto offer locally-sourced menus need to emphasize the characteristics of locavorism(i.e., lionization, opposition, and communalization) when marketing to locavores as atarget consumer group. This study provides valuable insights into local foodconsumption behavior within the restaurant context by examining the factors andeffects of locavorism.
Relative Retinal Blood Flow: A Novel and Informative Measure of Unilateral Retinal Vein Occlusion Severity.

Purpose This study quantifies retinal vascular blood flow affected by unilateral central or branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO or BRVO). We created a new, unitless metric for the severity of these diseases-relative blood flow (RBF)-and contextualized it with subject demographics, ocular presentation, and systemic conditions. Finally, we explored its efficacy as a predictor of future outcomes. Methods Data were collected from 20 control subjects and 32 clinically diagnosed CRVO (n = 15) or BRVO (n = 17) patients. We used laser speckle flowgraphy to quantify blood flow as mean blur rate and present RBF as the ratio between the blood flow in a subject's diseased and undiseased eyes. Because of our demonstration that blood flow has high intrapatient (between eyes and over time) but low interpatient correlation in eyes of healthy subjects, any differences between eyes can be attributed to the disease. These data were correlated with subject demographics and disease characteristics. Results In CRVO and BRVO eyes, average blood flow decreased by 26% and 7%, respectively. In CRVO, occlusion duration, central macular thickness, intraocular pressure, diabetes, previous laser and injection treatments, and injection within three months after measurement were significantly associated with RBF. In BRVO, no significant associations with RBF were found. Conclusions Blood flow in CRVO and BRVO was reduced compared to the unaffected fellow eye in most patients. RBF was useful in determining the severity of RVOs and predicting future treatment needs. Translational relevance RBF is a promising new and informative metric for quantifying the severity of unilateral RVOs.
71-OR: Youth with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents Report Improved Quality of Life with the Omnipod 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) can lead to significant emotional distress and impair quality of life (QoL). Hybrid closed-loop (HCL) technology seeks to relieve this burden, a goal with equal importance to improving glycemic outcomes. We evaluated change in QoL outcomes for children (6.0-11.9y) and teens (12.0-17.9y) with T1D and their parents/guardians before and after a 3-month study of HCL therapy with the Omnipod 5 System. Validated assessment tools administered included diabetes-related QoL (PAID and HCS) and generic QoL (PSQI and WHO-5) questionnaires. Children (n=83) and teens (n=42) were (mean±SD): age 9±2y and 14±2y, with T1D duration 4±2y and 7±3y and A1C 7.5±0.9% and 7.9±1.0%, respectively. Responses revealed significantly reduced diabetes distress for all groups (Table). Also, parents of children reported significant improvement in overall well-being (WHO-5), hypoglycemic confidence (HCS) and in 3 PSQI sleep subscales: quality (change: ‑0.43±0.83, p Disclosure K. K. Hood: Consultant; Self; Cecelia Health, Cercacor, LifeScan Diabetes Institute. W. H. Polonsky: Advisory Panel; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc., Consultant; Self; Abbott Diabetes, ADOCIA, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk, Onduo LLC., Sanofi US. S. A. Macleish: Advisory Panel; Self; Insulet Corporation. C. J. Levy: Advisory Panel; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Employee; Spouse/Partner; AbbVie Inc., Other Relationship; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Research Support; Self; Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. L. M. Huyett: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Insulet Corporation. T. Vienneau: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Insulet Corporation. T. T. Ly: Employee; Self; Insulet Corporation. Funding Insulet Corporation
Toward the Ekstasis of Angels: The Value of Depression in Gwyneth Lewis’s Poetry and Memoir

The angel as rendered by Rainer Maria Rilke (1875–1926) is a sublime and terrifying divine figure, especially in his Duino Elegies (1989; first published 1923). Influenced by Henrich von Kleist’s model of ‘a progression of consciousness,’ the Duino Elegies envisions angels as lacking human self-consciousness, and so are beyond ordinary selfhood. British writer Gwyneth Lewis (born 1959) explores the angel and the act of going beyond oneself (ekstasis) as a means to heal depression. Lewis’ memoir Sunbathing in the Rain: A Cheerful Book about Depression (2006), and her poetry Chaotic Angels (2005) draw on the writer’s experience of Zen Buddhist practices and her reading of Julia Kristeva’s theoretical writings on depression. Lewis draws especially on Kristeva’s theorising in Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia (1989), where Kristeva views the subject’s repudiation of the mother as key to healing depression.. This essay asks, however, whether this misogynist and matricidal scenario is the only one possible? Lewis finds an answer in grafting Kristeva’s theories to Zen Buddhist practices, so the angel becomes an allegorical hypersign for ekstasis. When hovering over a hypertext online, the browser knows that there is more beyond the link in front of us waiting to be discovered, and the hypersign similarly signals a body of knowledge, currents of knowing beyond what is initially seen. Lewis’ angel allegories work as hypersigns to suggest the possibility of things unseen and unspoken connected to the sacred. Using Black Sun and Zen Buddhist practices promoting ideas of nothingness, Lewis describes the painful process of being in the thralls of depression, but the emptiness it creates also allows a new and complex awareness of what is marginalized, hidden, minimised, or discarded.
Enchondroma of the Thoracic Spine: Case Report and Review of Literature

Enchondroma is a common benign bone tumor primarily of the appendicular skeleton and distal upper extremities. Although generally asymptomatic, enchondromas share radiographic and histologic characteristics with the more malignant chondrosarcoma, thereby necessitating further investigation. We report the case of a 31-year-old male who presented with a mid-back deformity with imaging notable for a large mid-thoracic spinous process lesion. Gross and microscopic pathology were consistent with an enchondroma of the thoracic spine. A review of the literature to characterize the treatment approaches and outcomes for this condition was performed. Though uncommon, enchondroma is an important diagnostic consideration in the workup of bony spinous process lesions. Excellent outcome is achievable with surgical resection.
Inter- and intra-regional evacuation behavior during Hurricane Irene

Abstract This paper presents findings on the hurricane evacuation behavior during Hurricane Irene, using results from a large-scale phone survey among residents in the Hampton Roads (HR) area. An aggregate analysis of the key determinants affecting the evacuation decision is presented. Unlike related literature, we take on a unique approach by distinguishing between two types of evacuations: intra-regional, in which evacuees leave their homes but stay within the HR region, and inter-regional, in which evacuees leave the HR region. Our analysis revealed a clear distinction between these two types of evacuees, which signifies the importance of examining these two types of evacuations separately.
A Study of Particulates of Environmental Interest By Differential Thermal Analysis

In this presentation we describe our current progress using thermoanalytical methods to study particulates of interest in environmental problems. The topics included are: (1) differential thermal analysis (DTA) of current NBS Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1645, River Sediment and NBS SRM 1648, Urban Particulate Matter [1]; (2) studies of a suitable crystalline silica (α-quartz and cristobalite) as a potential SRM; (3) preparation of mixtures of chrysotile asbestos and quartz in a suitable matrix, and (4) a modified DTA apparatus including a design of a DTA cell for rapid sample changing and operation under regulated steam pressure.
BEST PRACTICES IN USING VIDEO TECHNOLOGY TO PROMOTE SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Inclusion of technology in the process of second language acquisition has always been a priority for both teachers and theoreticians. This paper reviews the current trends in using video-based language instruction in K-12 educational settings. Although it has been demonstrated for many years that the use of video as an instructional medium provides unique learning qualities, it has not been entirely embraced by high school English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers. Furthermore, recent advancements of digital video (low cost equipment and editing software) and Web-based video sharing services provide remarkable possibilities for supporting a variety of learning activities in ESL classrooms. Yet, classroom practice in using video technology has not gone too far beyond simple viewing and listening to video content for eliciting discussion among ESL students. This paper particularly highlights the role of video in the process of improving student pronunciation and presentation skills. The authors described a week-long classroom video-based project conducted at a Midwestern High School. The best examples of classroom practices and student activities were discussed. The most prominent observations of this project were that the video-based ESL activities contributed to the overall learning motivation and the enhancement of pronunciation skills. Finally, the authors discuss some potential issues and instructional implications of utilizing video technology in K-12
Fosphenytoin: A Novel Phenytoin Prodrug

Fosphenytoin is a phenytoin prodrug that received an approvable letter from the Food and Drug Administration in February 1996. It was designed to overcome many of the shortcomings associated with parenteral phenytoin sodium. Specifically, fosphenytoin is a highly water-soluble, phosphate ester of phenytoin that has no known pharmacologic activity before its conversion to phenytoin. Dosing of fosphenytoin uses phenytoin equivalents (PE) to minimize dosage errors when converting from the conventional formulation. Pharmacokinetic studies documented that the agent is rapidly and completely converted to phenytoin after intravenous and intramuscular dosing. Reported conversion half-lives after intravenous administration range from 8-15 minutes. The absorption rate appears to be the rate-limiting step in the conversion of fosphenytoin to phenytoin after intramuscular administration (half-life range 22-41 min). Bioavailability of phenytoin derived from both intravenous and intramuscular fosphenytoin is essentially 100%. As a consequence of concentration-dependent protein binding, fosphenytoin is bioequivalent to phenytoin sodium at intravenous infusion rates of 100-150 mg PE/minute and 50 mg/minute, respectively. In clinical studies to date, fosphenytoin is safe and significantly better tolerated than phenytoin sodium when administered intravenously. It is also well tolerated when given intramuscularly, and this is a valuable alternative route of administration when intravenous access or cardiographic monitoring is unavailable. Its pharmacoeconomic advantages over phenytoin have not been documented in formal studies to date, although the likelihood of savings based on cost-effectiveness analyses is high. Hence, fosphenytoin has the potential as a safe, well-tolerated, and effective means of delivering phenytoin parenterally in a variety of clinical settings.
Where am I reading? Using Kelsey Timmerman's book to teach undergraduates about social responsibility in the apparel industry

The purpose of this study was to explore students' ability via journaling to recognise and respond to social responsibility issues in the apparel industry. Undergraduates (n=75) enrolled in a global sourcing course were asked to read Timmerman's book [(2012). Where am I wearing? A global tour to the countries, factories, and people that make our clothes (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons], and write a journal entry for each chapter. These journal entries were content-analysed for evidence of students' ability to identify and react to incidents in the book related to three areas of social responsibility (i.e. economic, environmental, social). Five themes emerged from the analysis of the journals: Identification of Economic Issues, Impact on Women and Children, Environment Impact, Appreciation for Their Standard of Living, and Call to Action. Based on students' journal entries, it seems that Timmerman's book can be used to effectively teach undergraduates studying fashion about social responsibility ...
Realistic and effective interactions in light nuclei. (I). Effective interaction parameters of the 1p shell

Abstract An intensive study is made of the shell-model effective interaction in the 1p shell, with particular emphasis on determining the importance of high-order G-matrix diagrams. Forty-nine levels, with principal configuration (1s)4 (1p)A−4, are used to fit the interaction parameters. Feingold's three-body vector interaction, arising from second-order effects of the tensor force, is verified to be manifestly important in this fit. A simple four-body interaction, designed to simulate α-clustering, is also tested. The best fit obtained yields an rms deviation from experiment of 270 keV.
Getting to Know the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Practice

The practice standards explicitly articulate how middle school students should engage with the Common Core State Standards for mathematical content (or “content standards”) “as they grow in mathematical maturity and expertise throughout the [middle school] years” (NGACBP &CCSSO, 2012, p. 8). When you teach to the content standards, the practice standards should help inform and guide how you teach, how your students develop mathematical understanding, and what and how you assess for content knowledge.
A Construction of Homologically Area Minimizing Hypersurfaces with Higher Dimensional Singular Sets

We show that a large variety of singular sets can occur for homologically area minimizing codimenision one surfaces in a Riemarinian manifold. In particular, as a result of Theorem A, if N is smooth, compact ni + 1 dimensional manifold, n > 7, and if S is an embedded, orientable submanifold of dimension n, then we cornstruct metrics on N such that the homologically area minimizing hypersurface M, homologous to S, has a singular set equal to a prescribed number of spheres and tori of codimension less than n -7. Near each component E of the singular set, M is isometric to a product C x E, where C is any prescribed, strictly stable, strictly minimizing cone. In Theorem B, other singular examples are constructed.
Holtzman Inkblot Technique

For several generations the most used psychodiagnostic technique in clinical assessment has been the Rorschach. Working with mental patients in Switzerland, Rorschach developed a system of analysis for inkblots which, in its broad outlines, still stands today. The ten inkblots constituting the Rorschach test are the same today as they were over 50 years ago when first published following Rorschach’s death in 1922. Until the early 1940s, the mainstream of academic psychology looked askance at the Rorschach movement, criticizing its cultist character and lack of scientific discipline. Primarily working outside of academic circles, the Rorschach practitioners developed their own ideas and interpretive systems, relying mainly on intuitive insights and clinical confirmation rather than on hard scientific evidence. World War II changed this situation rather dramatically when the sudden urgent need for new devices for personality assessment and clinical diagnosis arose in the armed services. By 1945, the Rorschach was firmly established as the leading clinical instrument for psychodiagnosis.
The nature of the increased sensitivity to injected GTP of the sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibers pre-exposed to aldosterone

Abstract 1. 1. A study has been made of the increased sensitivity to injected GTP of the sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibers pre-exposed to aldosterone and of the problem whether or not aldosterone acts by raising the internal ATP level. 2. 2. The results indicate that increased sensitivity to injected GTP develops fully some 8 hr following external application of 10−6M aldosterone. 3. 3. Neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide abolishes this extrasensitivity. This is also true of colchicine and cytochalasin B. 4. 4. The magnitude of the sustained response to injected “dialyzed” cholera toxin or cAMP-protein kinase catalytic subunit is practically the same as that of unexposed fibers. 5. 5. Internal ATP levels in pre-exposed fibers are higher than in unexposed fibers, even in the presence of cycloheximide. Injection of ADP (0.1 M) raises the ATP levels and reduces the ArP levels, more so in unexposed fibers. 6. 6. The suggestion is made that extrasensitivity of pre-exposed fibers to injected guanine nucleotides represents a post-translational phenomenon which might involve delay in the reassociation of R2 with C (of cAMP-PK).
Side-Dependent Inhibition of a Prokaryotic ClC by DIDS

The x-ray structure of the Escherichia coli chloride/proton antiporter ClC-ec1 provides a structural paradigm for the widespread and diverse ClC family of chloride channels and transporters. To maximize the usefulness of this paradigm, it is important to directly relate structure to function via studies of ClC-ec1 itself; however, few functional studies of this protein have been performed. In an endeavor to develop new tools for functional analysis of ClC-ec1, we have discovered that this transporter is inhibited by the stilbenedisulfonate 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS). In planar lipid bilayers, DIDS inhibits ClC-ec1 activity reversibly, with an apparent affinity in the micromolar range. Since ClC-ec1 is randomly oriented in the bilayers, ascertaining whether DIDS inhibits from the intracellular or extracellular side required an indirect approach. Using the ClC-ec1 structure as a guide, we designed a strategy in which modification of Y445C was monitored in conjunction with inhibition by DIDS. We found that DIDS inhibits transporters specifically from the intracellular side. Transporters with their extracellular side exposed to DIDS function normally, maintaining stoichiometric proton/chloride antiport over a wide range of proton and chloride concentrations. The side-dependent nature of DIDS inhibition will be useful for generating “functionally oriented” preparations of ClC-ec1, in which DIDS is used to silence transporters in one orientation but not the other.
Distinctive properties of mitochondrial thymidine(dT)kinase from bromodeoxyuridine(dBU)-resistant mouse lines.

Abstract dBU-resistant mouse lines lack detectable dT kinase activity in the high speed supernatant (cytosol) cell fraction. However, they contain a mitochondrial dT kinase, which sediments more slowly in glycerol gradients than the cytosol enzyme of parental mouse lines, exhibits a disc PAGE mobility relative to the tracking dye (Rm) of about 0.7–0.8, and utilizes ATP, UTP, GTP, and CTP as phosphate donors. The mitochondrial fraction of parental cells also contains this 0.7–0.8 Rm activity and, in addition, a minor dT kinase activity which migrates faster than the cytosol enzyme, but utilizes only ATP as phosphate donor. The cytosol dT kinase of parental mouse lines exhibits an Rm of about 0.2–0.3 and utilizes only ATP as phosphate donor.
The aphasics' identification of a superordinate's referents with basic object level and subordinate level terms.

Abstract In a hierarchically-structured semantic field, words at different hierarchical levels exhibit different scopes of reference. The possibility that fluent aphasics could refer more accurately with a subordinate level term than a basic object level term, due to its narrower scope of reference, was investigated in this study. Non-fluent aphasics, fluent aphasics, subjects with insult lateralized to the right hemisphere, and control subjects were asked to name instances of 10 familiar superordinates (e.g., vegetables). Responses which were basic object level names (e.g., squash) and those which were subordinate level names (e.g., acorn squash) were analyzed separately. Aphasics produced fewer responses overall than nonaphasic subjects, although they produced larger proportions of subordinate level responses than non-aphasics. An analysis of the basic object level names revealed that the non-fluent aphasics produced the most highly representative instances of a superordinate, while the fluent aphasics provided the least representative instances, often naming out-of-set referents. In marked contrast, an examination of the subordinate level responses revealed that the fluent aphasics were as accurate as any other subjects in naming instances of a superordinate. These data, in conjunction with the findings of other recent studies, suggest some of the skills which the fluent aphasics may successfully bring to bear in their attempts to refer with a word.
Antimicrobial action of some GRAS compounds against Vibrio vulnificus

Vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium indigenous to estuarine waters and is known to be a significant human pathogen. Infections are generally associated with the consumption of raw oyster. In an attempt to identify possible antimicrobial agents against this organism that might be used in foods, ten compounds that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA were tested against both the opaque and translucent morphotypes of V. vulnificus. Eight of those compounds had a lethal effect for both morphotypes of this bacterium. Diacetyl had the lowest lethal concentration (50 ppm) of the GRAS compounds tested within 24 h. Lactic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole possessed lethal activities at 300 ppm and 400 ppm, respectively, within 3 h. The mode of action of lactic acid against V. vulnificus appears to be an effect primarily of pH, while the antimicrobial activities of diacetyl and BHA appeared not to be affected by pH. No significant differences were found for opaque to translucent, or from translucent to opaque switching, in examining the possible effects of the GRAS compounds on colonial morphology.
Amino acid replacements of the evolutionarily invariant tryptophan at position 64 in mutant forms of iso-1-cytochrome c from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Tryptophan located at position 59 in vertebrate cytochromes c and at position 64 in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c is an evolutionarily invariant residue that is believed to be essential to the operation of the cytochrome c molecule. We show that this residue is replaced in at least partially functional iso-1-cytochromes c from cyc1 revertants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Tryptophan, tyrosine and leucine are found at position 64 in the revertants from the cyc1-84 mutant, confirming the genetic evidence (Sherman et al., 1974) that the mutant contains an UAG nonsense codon and establishing that the site of the mutation corresponds to the normal tryptophan 64. In a revertant from the cyc1.189 mutant, position 64 is occupied by a residue of phenylalanine. All three altered proteins are unstable, implying that tryptophan 64 has an essential and unique role for maintaining the normal structure of the cytochrome c molecule. In addition the iso-1-cytochrome c with leucine 64 and tyrosine 64 have greatly reduced biological activities, while iso-1-cytochrome c with the phenylalanine replacement has at least 20% of the wild-type activity or more. It remains uncertain whether the reduced specific activities are due to distorted tertiary structures or due to the specific lack of the tryptophan residue that may also have a direct functional role.
Maximal Extraction of Biological Information from Genetic Interaction Data

Extraction of all the biological information inherent in large-scale genetic interaction datasets remains a significant challenge for systems biology. The core problem is essentially that of classification of the relationships among phenotypes of mutant strains into biologically informative “rules” of gene interaction. Geneticists have determined such classifications based on insights from biological examples, but it is not clear that there is a systematic, unsupervised way to extract this information. In this paper we describe such a method that depends on maximizing a previously described context-dependent information measure to obtain maximally informative biological networks. We have successfully validated this method on two examples from yeast by demonstrating that more biological information is obtained when analysis is guided by this information measure. The context-dependent information measure is a function only of phenotype data and a set of interaction rules, involving no prior biological knowledge. Analysis of the resulting networks reveals that the most biologically informative networks are those with the greatest context-dependent information scores. We propose that these high-complexity networks reveal genetic architecture at a modular level, in contrast to classical genetic interaction rules that order genes in pathways. We suggest that our analysis represents a powerful, data-driven, and general approach to genetic interaction analysis, with particular potential in the study of mammalian systems in which interactions are complex and gene annotation data are sparse.
Wavelet Frames on Groups and Hypergroups via Discretization of Calderón Formulas

Continuous wavelets are often studied in the general framework of representation theory of square-integrable representations, or by using convolution relations and Fourier transforms. We consider the well-known problem whether these continuous wavelets can be discretized to yield wavelet frames. In this paper we use Calderon-Zygmund singular integral operators and atomic decompositions on spaces of homogeneous type, endowed with families of general translations and dilations, to attack this problem, and obtain strong convergence results for wavelets expansions in a variety of classical functional spaces and smooth molecule spaces. This approach is powerful enough to yield, in a uniform way, for example, frames of smooth wavelets for matrix dilations in ℝ n , for an affine extension of the Heisenberg group, and on many commutative hypergroups.
Memory for auditorily and visually presented commericals: Effects of repetition and type of claim

In Experiment 1 subjects were tested on asserted and implied claims after each of two auditory presentations of a set of commercials. The same procedure was used in Experiment 2, except that the commercials were presented visually. In both experiments, subjects were able to differentiate between the asserted and the implied claims on each test, and there was a greater tendency (significant in Experiment 2 and approaching significance in Experiment 1) to accept the claims on the second than on the first test.