cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of technical assistance in the development of psychiatric rehabilitation programs

Most mental health programs need technical assistance to develop effective psychiatric rehabilitation programs. This article discusses how psychiatric rehabilitation was introduced into three community mental health programs and describes the elements of a psychiatric rehabilitation program and the phases of a technical assistance process. A case study illustrates how technical assistance consultants can be trained to develop psychiatric rehabilitation programs. Barriers and facilitators to the technical assistance are discussed in the context of several other technical assistance studies.
Microsecond accuracy at multiple sites: is it possible without GPS?

Critical infrastructure timing systems rely upon GPS clocks simply because microsecond accuracy is easy to achieve with GPS and difficult to achieve without it. This paper has discussed how GPS clocks meet critical infrastructure timing requirements, why they are vulnerable, and some potential backup strategies. It seems clear that achieving microsecond accuracy at thousands of geographically dispersed sites without relying on GPS clocks is a very challenging problem. It seems equally clear that solving this problem is in the best interest of the United States.
The Generation and Recall of Personally Relevant Information

An important problem common to the processes of generating and recalling ideas is restricted access to information. Node-link mapping is a visual representation technique that may facilitate access through spatial and verbal cuing. In the present study, students' generation and recall of personally relevant information with techniques that varied in the use of spatial and verbal aspects of node-link maps were examined. The participants generated ideas for 2 self-selected topics and then were tested for recall of their generated ideas 48 hr later. It appears, at least in the present experimental context, that link types initially interfere with cognitive processes that may otherwise operate smoothly. The students who used node-link maps appeared to become more proficient over time than the students who used listing.
Depression, cytokines, and pancreatic cancer

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between cytokines, depression, and pancreatic cancer. Method: A total of 75 individuals were recruited from two New York City hospitals (a cancer center and a psychiatric hospital) and composed of four subgroups: patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas who did (n=17) and did not (n=26) have a diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode (MDE), and healthy participants with (n=7) and without (n=25) MDE. All individuals completed a battery of self-report measures. Sera was assayed using Meso Scale Discovery techniques to measure the following pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha; we also calculated the IL-2/IL-4 ratio. Results: Pancreatic cancer patients had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and significantly lower TGF-beta levels than healthy participants. When the sample was divided into those with and without MDE, the groups only differed with regard to serum IL-6 levels. No significant cancer and depression interaction effect was observed. Severity of depressive symptoms was also significantly correlated with IL-6, rs=0.28 and p=0.02, whereas hopelessness was associated with IFN-alpha, rs=0.34 and p=0.006. Pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance were associated with several of the cytokines assayed including IL-1beta (pain intensity), IL-4 (pain intensity and overall sleep quality), IL-12p70 (pain intensity), and TGF-beta (fatigue intensity), but anxiety was not associated with any of the cytokines assayed. Conclusions: This study demonstrated an association between depression and IL-6, but not with other cytokines. Moreover, IL-6 was not significantly associated with other measures of psychological distress (anxiety and hopelessness) or with symptom distress (pain, fatigue, and sleep quality), although some cytokines assayed were associated with specific symptoms. The implications of these findings for the etiology and treatment of depression in pancreatic cancer patients are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short-term memories in Drosophila are governed by general and specific genetic systems

In a dynamic environment, there is an adaptive value in the ability of animals to acquire and express memories. That both simple and complex animals can learn is therefore not surprising. How animals have solved this problem genetically and anatomically probably lies somewhere in a range between a single molecular/anatomical mechanism that applies to all situations and a specialized mechanism for each learning situation. With an intermediate level of nervous system complexity, the fruit fly Drosophila has both general and specific resources to support different short-term memories. Some biochemical/cellular mechanisms are common between learning situations, indicating that flies do not have a dedicated system for each learning context. The opposite possible extreme does not apply to Drosophila either. Specialization in some biochemical and anatomical terms suggests that there is not a single learning mechanism that applies to all conditions. The distributed basis of learning in Drosophila implies that these systems were independently selected.
The Treatment of Angle Neovascularization with Panretinal Photocoagulation

Thirty-two eyes in 28 patients with anterior chamber angle neovascularization were prospectively treated with panretinal photocoagulation. Of 17 eyes that had less than 270° angle closure, with an intraocular pressure of less than 40 mm Hg prior to treatment, 16 showed complete disappearance of the angle neovascularization and stabilization of the peripheral anterior synechiae after treatment. None of the 15 patients who had angle closure of 270° or greater, or an intraocular pressure of above 40 mm Hg, showed any significant improvement after treatment. These results suggest that panretinal photocoagulation offers a highly effective means of dealing with early and moderately advanced cases of angle neovascularization.
Accurate determination of magnetic field gradients from four point vector measurements. I. Use of natural constraints on vector data obtained from a single spinning spacecraft

For part I see ibid., vol.32, p.377 (1996). The errors that result from an inadequate knowledge of the orientations, zero levels, and scale factors of the magnetometer sensor assemblies become particularly troublesome when the objective is to measure spatial gradients using several spacecraft. In an accompanying paper, we introduced an efficient approach to the intracalibration of a sensor assembly onboard a spinning spacecraft which provides accurate values for 8 of the 12 calibration parameters. The approach relies on the concept that errors in these parameters generate coherent monochromatic signals at the first and second harmonics of the spin frequency. In this work, we show how a least squares technique may be used to intercalibrate magnetometers on a group of four spacecraft to reduce the effects of the errors in the remaining calibration parameters to negligible levels. The intercalibration technique relies on the concept that /spl nabla//spl middot/B is zero everywhere and /spl nabla//spl times/B is vanishingly small in certain regions of the magnetosphere. If the data have not been properly intercalibrated, they yield nonzero averages for /spl nabla//spl middot/B and /spl nabla//spl times/B in those regions. Correct calibration parameters are determined by requiring that the final data set must yield values of /spl nabla//spl middot/B and /spl nabla//spl times/B close to zero. The technique is extremely efficient provided appropriate input data are available, and should prove useful for the Cluster mission.
Relative Bioavailability of Atovaquone Suspension When Administered with an Enteral Nutrition Supplement

OBJECTIVE:To compare the relative bioavailability of a single atovaquone 750 mg suspension oral dose when administered in the fasting state, after a normal breakfast, and after an enteral nutrition supplement.DESIGN:Ten healthy volunteers received a single dose of atovaquone suspension 750 mg/5 mL while fasting. At 2-week intervals, the subjects were then randomized in a crossover design to receive the atovaquone dose within 1 hour of consuming a normal breakfast (fat content 21 g) and 16 oz. of Sustacal Plus (fat content 28 g). Blood samples were collected at seven time points after each atovaquone dose. HPLC was used to determine the atovaquone concentrations in plasma.RESULTS:Administering atovaquone suspension with either a normal breakfast or an enteral nutrition supplement, such as Sustacal Plus, significantly increased the oral relative bioavailability. The mean AUC0–24 after the fasting dose was 43.4 μg · h/mL. The mean AUC0–24 values with breakfast (103.8 μg · h/mL) and Sustacal Plus (118.8 μg · ...
In-line fiber optic structures for environmental sensing applications

Fiber optic sensors based on the interaction of surface plasmons or evanescent waves with the surrounding environment are usually obtained by tapering an optical fiber, which significantly weakens the structure, or by use of just the end of the optical fiber. A fiber optic structure that maintains the structural integrity of the optical fiber with a long environmental interaction length is presented. Graded-index optical fiber elements are used as lenses, and a coreless optical fiber acts as the environmental interaction area. These elements are fused by an optical fiber splicer and result in a continuous fiber optic sensing system.
Toward a Research and Training Capacity in Disability Policy

This paper describes the research and training infrastructure that is needed if disability policy is to flourish as a viable field of inquiry. Due to its interdisciplinary character, no one discipline or academic field has adopted disability policy as its own, and as a result, has not developed the infrastructure needed to give disability policy the visibility and focus it deserves. This paper explores the reasons for the field's underdevelopment and proposes several developmental steps essential to its future success, Inparticular, the paper proposes (a) an academic home for disability policy, (b) the development of curriculum, (c) graduate and post-doctoral research opportunities, (d) recruitment of students with disabilities, and (e) the establishment of policy research centers. The paper notes achievements already in place, such as a policy journal and the development of professional organizations. Finally, the paper notes the important role of both private and public funding.
A Comparison of Sexual Coercion Experiences Reported by Men and Women in Prison

Comparisons were made between self-reports from 382 men and 51 women who had experienced sexual coercion while incarcerated. Victim data were obtained from a sample of 1,788 male inmates and 263 female inmates who responded to an anonymous written survey distributed in 10 midwestern prisons. Men reported that their perpetrators in worst-case incidents were inmates (72%), staff (8%), or inmates and staff collaborating (12%). Women reported that their perpetrators were inmates (47%) and staff (41%). Greater percentages of men (70%) than women (29%) reported that their incident resulted in oral, vaginal, or anal sex. More men (54%) than women (28%) reported an incident that was classified as rape. Men and women were similar in feeling depression; however, more men (37%) than women (11%) reported suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts (19% for men, 4% for women). Implications of results for prevention of sexual coercion in prison are discussed.
Cryptic Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in rat liver canalicular plasma membranes: evidence for its basolateral origin.

Controversy exists concerning the localization of the enzyme Na+, K+-ATPase to canalicular membranes in hepatocytes. Most studies find enzyme activity only at the basolateral plasma membrane domain of the hepatocyte. However, Na+, K+-ATPase activity has been detected recently in a canalicular membrane fraction prepared by Mg++ precipitation, suggesting that differences in membrane domain fluidity account for these discrepancies. To reinvestigate this question, we used free-flow electrophoresis to further purify canalicular liver plasma membranes originally separated by sucrose density centrifugation. With this technique, canalicular membranes devoid of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by routine assay were separated into six subfractions. More than 80% of the activities of canalicular marker enzymes was recovered in two subfractions closest to the anode, which were totally devoid of Na+, K+-ATPase activity. However, Na+, K+-ATPase activity could now be detected in the four other fractions that contained only small amounts of canalicular marker enzymes. The basolateral marker enzyme, glucagonstimulated adenyl cyclase, comigrated with this cryptic Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Furthermore, addition of 6 μmol/L [12-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethyl-8-(cis-2-noctylcyclopropyl)-octanoate], a membrane-fluidizing agent, to the original canalicular membrane preparation and to all subfractions did not stimulate or unmask latent Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Finally, when canalicular membranes isolated by Mg++ precipitation were subjected to free-flow electrophoresis, they could not be separated from the more positively charged Na+, K+-ATPase-containing fractions, probably because of alterations in surface charge. Together these findings suggest that Na+, K+-ATPase is a basolateral enzyme, that represents a small contaminant when present in canalicular liver plasma membranes and that methodological differences may account for previous discrepancies.
A High Performance, Scalable Multiplexed Keeper Technique

This paper presents a new technique to improve performance of wide dynamic circuits by efficiently using the conditional keeper. PMOS transistor which is used to charge the dynamic node in the precharge phase is also used as a conditional keeper in the evaluation phase. The keeper functionality is merged in precharge PMOS. It is found that at same DC noise robustness; this technique gives 9% improvement in delay, 14% improvement in power and 18% improvement in clock load compared to conditional keeper technique. This technique shows zero delay penalty at higher noise immunity compared to conventional dynamic circuits. Also, this technique can be used as a burn-in tolerant keeper by adding a 'burn-in' control signal to the multiplexed keeper without adding extra load at the dynamic node. For scaled technologies, proposed technique predicts consistent improvement in DC noise robustness compared to conventional dynamic circuits
Analysis of motion in laparoscopic instruments

In this study, a system is developed to assess the overall quality of movement, as applied to laparoscopic instruments. A laparoscopic forceps was fitted with a variable inductor as a key component of a Colpitts oscillator. Oscillator frequency is demodulated and digitized into a personal computer equipped with LabView, where trajectories are displayed, analyzed, and stored. In its first study, this system is used to assess velocity in one-dimensional control of instrument insertion depth. Test results indicate that no significant difference in instrument velocity was observed for dominant versus non-dominant hands or for insertion velocity from the first trial to the last. However, extraction of the instrument was seen to occur at significantly higher velocity than insertion, and extraction velocity actually increased over the duration of the trials.
Science to Practice: Can Theranostic Fullerenes Be Used to Treat Brain Tumors?

In an orthotopic brain tumor mouse model, it was shown that convection-enhanced intratumoral delivery of a theranostic metallofullerene (f-Gd₃N@C₈₀) labeled with lutetium 177 (¹⁷⁷Lu) and tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA) (¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA-f-Gd₃N@C₈₀) increases median survival from 21 to 52 days, with a prolonged metallofullerene tumor retention that can be visualized with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
Sliced Message Passing: High Throughput Overlapped Decoding of High-Rate Low-Density Parity-Check Codes

The efficient implementation of high-rate high-throughout low-density parity-check (LDPC) code decoding presents challenges to both fully parallel decoding and memory-sharing partially parallel decoding schemes. In this paper, a new decoding scheme, sliced message passing (SMP), is introduced. The key idea is to slice the total set of N variable-to-check messages into equal-sized p chunks, then to perform check-node computation sequentially chunk by chunk. This new decoding scheme can break the sequential tie between the check- and variable-node update stages and thus greatly improve the throughput. The hardware architectures of SMP decoding are introduced. Each check-node processing unit of the proposed register-based architecture has only c/p inputs instead of c inputs. By remapping the variable-node and check-node processing unit decoding blocks, the optimized SMP decoding units can reduce the overall hardware cost, shorten the critical-path delay, and improve the hardware-usage efficiency. An optimized SMP decoder has been further implemented for a 2048-bit (6, 32) LDPC decoder of the emerging IEEE 10 GBase-T standard in an IBM CMOS 90-nm process. Implementation results from synthesis and post layout simulation have shown the effectiveness of the proposed SMP scheme.
Analytical modeling of WDM media access protocols

The authors introduce a mathematical model for the analysis of media access protocols for star-coupled wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) photonic networks. The analytic technique is introduced through the study of two preallocation protocols designed for WDM star-coupled photonic networks. The protocols considered have been proposed for networks with WDM channels preallocated to the nodes in the network. The preallocation approach reduces the resulting system complexity since tunable transmitters and receivers are not required, and also has the advantage of being applicable to systems where there are many more nodes than wavelength channels. Both protocols are designed to operate in a multiple-channel multiple-access environment and require each node to possess a tunable transmitter and a fixed receiver. The models were validated through discrete-event simulation. The performance of the two protocols is studied in terms of average packet delay and network throughput for variations in the system parameters. >
A comparative study of three occlusive dressings in the treatment of full-thickness wounds in pigs☆☆☆★

Abstract Background: Little objective information is available on the influence of occlusive dressings on the healing of cutaneous full-thickness wounds. Objective: Our purpose was to examine the effects of three occlusive dressings—two hydrocolloid dressings (Comfeel Ulcer Dressing, Coloplast A/S, Espergaerder, Denmark [hydrocolloid dressing A] and DuoDERM; ConvaTec, Princeton, N.J. [hydrocolloid dressing B]) and one polyurethane film dressing (OpSite, Smith & Nephew, Hull, U.K. [film dressing])—on tissue reactions, degree of inflammation, wound contraction, and epithelialization in full-thickness wounds in domestic pigs. Methods: Standardized 20 mm full-thickness punch biopsy wounds were treated for 10 days. Healing was assessed by light microscopy and by planimetry. Results: Material from both hydrocolloid dressings was phagocytosed as indicated by the presence of foam cells in the granulation tissue. Granulomatous tissue reactions around extracellular vacuoles were found in 10 of 12 hydrocolloid dressing B–treated wounds compared with one in hydrocolloid dressing A–treated wounds and in none of the 10 film dressing–treated wounds ( p p p Conclusion: Wound tissue reactions to different hydrocolloid dressings vary depending on composition. The tissue reactions had no significant effect on wound contraction or epithelialization. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:53-8.)
The Operation Algorithm for Improving the Reliability of TLC (Triple Level Cell) NAND Flash Characteristics

As the NAND flash market demand for larger capacity with low cost increases, the feature-size scaling and multi-level per bit have been developed. In this paper, we present the newly adopted operation algorithms and their results such as intelligent ISPE(Incremental Step Pulse Erase), various biasing in grouped W/Ls and VNR(Virtual Negative Read) in TLC(Triple Level Cell) NAND flash.
An analytical Carnahan‐Starling‐van der Waals model for solubility of hydrocarbon solids in supercritical fluids

Data have been taken by a new flow technique for the solubility of nonpolar hydrocarbons in nonpolar supercritical fluids. These results for molecularly simple molecules provide a basis for the analytical representation of such systems by relatively simple equations of state. 16 refs.
Patient-tracking for an over-ground gait training system

ZeroG is a new over-ground body-weight support system that allows individuals with gait disorders to practice walking over smooth or uneven surfaces, over obstacles, and up and down stairs in a safe, controlled manner. The system consists of a body-weight support system mounted onto a trolley that rides along a horizontal guide rail. The patient wears a harness that connects to the body-weight support system via a rope. This paper focuses on enhancing the patient tracking capabilities of ZeroG. The aim is to develop a controller that accurately tracks the patient and follows their translational movement as they walk in order to minimize the horizontal forces they may experience.
Semi-analytical techniques for substrate characterization in the design of mixed-signal ICs

A number of methods are presented for highly efficient calculation of substrate current transport. A three-dimensional Green's Function based substrate representation, in combination with the use of the Fast Fourier Transform, significantly speeds up the computation of sensitivities with respect to all parameters associated with a given architecture. Substrate sensitivity analysis is used in a number of physical optimization tools, such as placement and trend analysis for the estimation of the impact of technology migration and/or layout re-design.
A kinetic theory of homogeneous bubble nucleation

We present a kinetic theory of homogeneous bubble nucleation based on explicit calculation of the single-molecule evaporation and condensation rates as a function of the size of the vapor embryo. The surface condensation rate is calculated from the kinetic theory of gases, and the surface evaporation rate is related to the rate of escape of molecules from a potential well in the field established by the liquid–vapor interface. Equality of these rates corresponds naturally to the critical bubble. While the interface plays a crucial role in this respect, the kinetic nucleation theory does not invoke an explicit surface tension. The nucleation rate is derived from a population balance and depends only on the ratio of the evaporation to condensation rates. In contrast to classical theory, a nontrivial trend captured by the present theory is the increase in nucleation rate with decreasing temperature at fixed degree of metastability. Comparison with classical nucleation theory reveals markedly different supers...
Phylogenetic Relationships and Biogeography within the Eurasian Clade of Amaryllidaceae Based on Plastid ndhF and nrDNA ITS Sequences: Lineage Sorting in a Reticulate Area?

Abstract The monophyletic Eurasian clade of Amaryllidaceae was analyzed using plastid ndhF and rDNA ITS sequences for 33 and 29 taxa, respectively; all genera were represented by at least one species. Both maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were used on each data set and the combined data. Both sequence matrices resolve the Central and East Asian tribe Lycorideae as sister to the Mediterranean-centered genera of the clade, and recognize two large subclades within the greater Mediterranean region: Galantheae, consisting of Acis, Galanthus and Leucojum; and Narcisseae (Narcissus and Sternbergia)/Pancratium. However, there are areas of incongruence between the ndhF and ITS trees. When three predominantly monotypic genera, Hannonia, Lapiedra, and Vagaria, centered in North Africa, are removed from the alignments, the two sequence matrices produce fully congruent topologies with increased support at many of the nodes, with ILD between partitions rising from P = 0.07 to 0.96. We hypothesize that lineage so...
Need for Speed: The Lending Responsiveness of the IMF

How responsive a lender is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)? In this paper, I introduce new data on IMF loan approval periods: The days that transpire between when a borrower submits a “Letter of Intent” to the Executive Board requesting a loan and when the Board approves that request. The data reveal considerable variation across requests. Why are some loan requests approved swiftly while others wait much longer for approval? I argue that the financial interests of the G-5 economies drive variation in responsiveness contingent on when a request was made. I expect that during much of the 1980s, as G-5 commercial bank exposure increases, borrowers will face longer waits for approval. In such cases, the G-5 should have been more likely to press for the use of the “concerted lending” strategy. This protected G-5 financial systems by catalyzing private financing on behalf of those countries, but it also delayed loan approval. Into the 1990s, global capital flows grew more complex and catalyzing private capital flows required a swift response. Thus, during these years I expect increased G-5 bank exposure to be associated with shorter waits for approval. In such cases, the G-5 should have been more likely to press for accelerated approval. A quick response would have the best chance of attracting back private capital and reduce the threat posed by the crisis. Statistical analyses of 275 loan requests from 1984–2012 support these expectations.
Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor Status in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predisposes to both diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and inflammation is pivotal in MetS. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR2 and TLR4, are implicated in both diabetes and atherosclerosis, are increased in MetS, and contribute to the inflammatory burden. Recent studies also suggest an evolving role of endosomal TLRs in diabetic complications. However, there is a paucity of data with regard to the expression of endosomal TLRs such as TLR3, 7–9 in MetS. Aim: Thus, in this short report, we examine expression of monocytes TLR3 and TLR9 in our cohort of subjects with nascent MetS compared to matched controls. Subjects and Methods: Monocytes were isolated from subjects with MetS (n = 45) and matched controls (n = 37), respectively, and TLR3 and TLR9 expression was assessed by intracellular flow cytometry and correlated with nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression. Results: We demonstrate increased endosomal TLR9 expression in MetS compared to controls that correlate...
Confidentiality and Care of the Adolescent Patient

Medical errors that occur in adolescent care may be more frequent in the outpatient setting as opposed to the intensive care unit or medical ward. They will likely be the result of breaches in confidentiality, and occur from the omission of behavioral health counseling and preventive options (such as immunizations), or errors in minor legal consent. This chapter uses a hypothetical patient case to discuss issues around confidentiality and minor consent laws for reproductive health and mental health diagnosis and treatment. It concludes with proposed solutions and challenges based on the Institute of Medicine core needs for preventing medical errors.
A Theoretical Disaggregation and Integration of Crowdfunding: Crowd Motives and Engagement and Their Consequences

Crowdfunding has become a major consideration for individuals looking to fund their ideas, endeavors, and businesses. This phenomenon raises interesting questions for management scholars such as what theories help to explain the success of such campaigns and the consequences of these campaigns. In this paper, we address these questions. With regard to campaign success, we argue that there are mixed motives associated with contributing to these campaigns, and theoretical dynamics vary according to these different motives. With regard to consequences of campaigns, we note that there are two fundamental differences associated with using crowdfunding vs. more traditional means of funding early stage ideas and/or ventures – diffused (vs. concentrated) engagement of funders and a product (vs. a person/company) focus which requires fundees to lock-in to a specific set of product attributes. Drawing on theory related to capabilities and cognitions in contexts of uncertainty and entrepreneurial processes, we identify conditions under which crowdfunding is likely to be more and less advantageous based on these two dimensions. In summary, we provide a model that explains important sources of heterogeneity (i.e., motives) and homogeneity (i.e., diffused engagement and product lock-in) within the crowdfunding phenomenon that guide theory application and development in our field.
Comparison of Hybrid Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation Methods with and without the Tangent Linear and Adjoint Models for Predicting the Life Cycle of Hurricane Karl (2010)

AbstractTwo four-dimensional hybrid data assimilation systems based on the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model are applied over the life cycle of Hurricane Karl (2010). One method uses a mix of ensemble- and climate-based background error covariance in a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar) system that uses an adjoint model to assimilate observations over a time window (denoted E4DVar). The second method approximates the function of linearized models in 4DVar with perturbations generated from an ensemble forecast using the full nonlinear model (denoted 4DEnVar). Ensemble perturbations in 4DEnVar provide a four-dimensional covariance, which is combined with a static climate-based covariance for performing the data assimilation. In cycling data assimilation experiments, analyses produced by both methods provide more accurate intensity forecasts than E3DVar, owing mostly to a better representation of moisture near the developing storm. Despite providing a computationally efficient ...
T6 monoclonal antibody reacts with blasts from cases of common antigen acute lymphocytic leukemia

The expression of the T6 antigen on malignant lymphoid cells has been considered strong evidence in support of T-cell lineage and thymic stage of differentiation of the neoplastic cells. Thus, the authors have used the T6 monoclonal antibody for the last three years in the immunophenotyping of blasts from 60 consecutive cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 8 cases of T-cell lymphoma. Blasts from 12 of 46 (26%) cases of common type ALL, 4 of 7 (57%) cases of T-cell ALL, 2 of 3 (66%) cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma, and 1 of 5 (20%) cases of peripheral (postthymic) T-cell lymphoma were positive for the T6 antigen. The authors conclude that the expression of T6 antigen on malignant lymphoid cells may not always indicate T-cell lineage.
The role of sialic acid in hemagglutination.

Neuraminidase treatment released all of the sialic acid of erythrocytes in the free form. The sialic acid which was released by ficin treatment appeared exclusively in the protein-bound form. Incubation of erythrocytes with ficin followed by neuraminidase, or neuraminidase followed by ficin, did not release additional sialic acid during the second enzyme incubation. It was observed that intact erythrocytes agglutinate in the presence of protamine sulfate without the participation of an antibody. In contrast, enzyme-treated cells (lacking the negative charge of sialic acid) do not agglutinate when incubated with positively charged protamine sulfate. Heparin (negative charge) appears to have an inhibitory effect on hemagglutination reactions, possibly by combining with electropositive antigen sites. The sialic acid component of erythrocytes has little relation to Rh antigens.
How to concern to international cooperation for the basic researcher

The frame work of international cooperative work was discussed toward the solution current problems of the leprosy on the view point of researcher involved in fundamental study. Prevention of further reduction of research activity was stressed.
Assessing the possible extent of confounding in occupational case-referent studies

Case-referent studies nested within occupational cohort studies are efficient designs for estimating relative risks associated with exposures and for obtaining data on nonoccupational confounding factors. Frequently, however, only incomplete data on confounders can be obtained from sources such as next-of-kin or co-workers. A method for assessing the potential extent of confounding in cohort studies described previously by Axelson [Scand J Work Environ Health 4 (1978) 98-102] can be adapted for use in nested case-referent studies. An example is shown to illustrate that the adapted Axelson method is preferable to the usual confounder adjustment techniques when data on the confounder are incomplete.
Residential Water Conservation

Severe pressures on many urban water utilities are the result of water shortages, high treatment costs, scarce supplies and rapid growth. Various water-conservation techniques can be used to reduce the demand for water by urban customers. These include restrictions on use, installation of water-saving devices, metering, horticultural changes, pressure reduction, reuse, and public education. The effects of metering, water-saving devices and price increases on residential water demand are explored for some typical communities. Secondary effects of conservation on revenue production and return flow are also discussed.
Role for phospholipid acyl chains and cholesterol in pulmonary infections and inflammation

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections result in millions of deaths worldwide and are currently the leading cause of death from infection. Acute inflammation is an essential element of host defense against infection, but can be damaging to the host when left unchecked. Effective host defense requires multiple lipid mediators, which collectively have proinflammatory and/or proresolving effects on the lung. During pulmonary infections, phospholipid acyl chains and cholesterol can be chemically and enzymatically oxidized, as well as truncated and modified, producing complex mixtures of bioactive lipids. We review recent evidence that phospholipids and cholesterol and their derivatives regulate pulmonary innate and adaptive immunity during infection. We first highlight data that oxidized phospholipids generated in the lung during infection stimulate pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and scavenger receptors, thereby amplifying the pulmonary inflammatory response. Next, we discuss evidence that oxidation of endogenous pools of cholesterol during pulmonary infections produces oxysterols that also modify the function of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Last, we conclude with data that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, both in the form of phospholipid acyl chains and through enzymatic processing into endogenous proresolving lipid mediators, aid in the resolution of lung inflammation through distinct mechanisms. Unraveling the complex mechanisms of induction and function of distinct classes of bioactive lipids, both native and modified, may hold promise for developing new therapeutic strategies for improving pulmonary outcomes in response to infection.
The Real and the Symbolic

Having explained how Lacan lays out the formation of the Real, conceived in its relationship to the Imaginary as an immanently produced, and irrecuperable, antagonism proper to identification, I will now outline his theory of the Symbolic in its intimate interconnection with the Real. While the importance of Saussure and Jakobson’s linguistics and Levi-Strauss’s structural anthropology for the development of Lacan’s theory of language is indisputable,1 in this chapter I will argue that Lacan pushed the logic of the structuralist analysis of language to its very limit and in so doing revealed the Real, the ‘ex-timate’ limit point inherent to, but disruptive of, all Symbolic logics.
Nepal's lok pop music: Representations of the folk, tropes of memory, and studio technologies

Depuis 1993, un nouveau genre de musique populaire jeune et urbaine, le lok pop - le pop traditionnel -, permet au Nepalais d'imaginer et de se rememorer les cultures alpines villageoises du pays. L'A., d'une part, evalue quels elements de la culture villageoise nepali sont rememores dans le lok pop et pourquoi, et, d'autre part, analyse comment ces memoires sont invoquees, construites et conceptualisees, a travers les textes de chansons, les melodies et les effets sonores de studio. Il suggere que des paradoxes comme la memorialisation - mise a distance - d'un Nepal rural qui est encore present resultent des contradictions qui fondent les ideologies contemporaines de la modernite au Nepal. Le lok pop est pris dans les tensions generees par les aspirations a l'authenticite et a la tradition d'un cote, et les tendances de la societe nepalaise vers la nouveaute, le cosmopolitisme et le pouvoir economique. Dans les enregistrements sonores de la lok pop, la fonction de memoire de l'auditeur est impliquee par des procedes metanarratifs contruits notamment par des techniques sonores specifiques. L'A. examine particulierement certains effets d'echo utilises pour transmettre a l'auditeur l'impression des echos de montagnes de l'Himalaya.
Microbial Community Structure of Subalpine Snow in the Sierra Nevada, California

ABSTRCT Mounting evidence suggests that Earth's cryosphere harbors diverse and active microbial communities. However, our understanding of microbial composition and diversity in seasonal snowpack of montane ecosystems remains limited. We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to determine microbial structure (composition and diversity) of snow at two depths (0–15 and 15–30 cm) of a subalpine site in the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory, California, U.S.A. Proteobacteria dominated both depths (~72% of sequences), and this phylum was composed mostly of bacteria within the Rhodospirillales order. Cyanobacteria were almost exclusively present in the upper snow layer, while Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were more abundant in the deep snow layer. Many of the most abundant phylotypes were Acetobacteraceae. Phylotype NCR4874, which comprised 22%–32% of the sequences, was most closely related to the N2-fixing bacteria Asaia siamensis, suggesting that N2 fixation may be an important process within the Sierra snowpack...
Positive mental health in schizophrenia and healthy comparison groups: relationships with overall health and biomarkers.

ABSTRACTObjective: Positive psychological factors (PPFs) have been reported to have a significant impact on health in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship of these factors with mental and physical health in schizophrenia.Method: One hundred and thirty-five outpatients with schizophrenia and 127 healthy comparison subjects (HCs), aged 26–65 years, were evaluated with scales of resilience, optimism, happiness, and perceived stress. Measures of mental and physical health were also obtained. Regression analyses examined associations of a PPF composite with health variables.Results: Relative to the HCs, the schizophrenia group had lower levels of PPFs. However, there was considerable heterogeneity, with over one-third of schizophrenia participants having values within the ‘normative’ range. The PPF composite was positively related to mental and physical health variables and with biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance. The relationship between PPFs and mental health...
An Epigenetic Model for Susceptibility to Oxidative DNA Damage in the Aging Brain and Alzheimer’s Disease

Epigenetics and oxidative stress are two cellular mechanisms that appear to be independent from each other and associated with distinct cellular processes. Epigenetics is associated with developmental regulation of gene expression, mainly through the process of methylation of genetic promoter regions. On the other hand, oxidative stress is a cellular process of disruption in the homeostasis between cellular antioxidant systems and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to cell malfunction or death. The oxidative stress process is linked to a myriad of diseases and is a consequence after toxicologic challenges. In this chapter, we summarize results from our laboratories that identify developmental stage and toxicologic challenges that result in a novel mechanism in which toxicologic exposure during development alters the normal pattern in markers of oxidative stress and epigenetic regulation. The concordance of these two alterations results in pathologic changes similar to those seen in Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, we postulate a novel mechanism in which epigenetics and oxidative stress are at play in disease, and the occurrence of one of these processes will alter the occurrence of the other.
Thyroxine stimulation of amino acid incorporation into protein. Localization of stimulated step.

Previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that the prior administration of L-thyroxine to animals in viva or its addition in vitro stimulates the rate of amino acid incorporation into microsomal protein in cell-free rat liver homogenates (3). Mitochondria and an oxidizable substrate were found to be essential requirements for the thyroxine effect in vitro; when these components of the system were replaced by a creatine phosphate-adenosine triphosphate-generating system, no thyroxine effects were observed. Current concepts of protein biosynthesis support the following abbreviated scheme for the incorporation of amino acids (AA) into microsomal protein (4, 5).l
Obesity in What every Pregnancy nurse needs to know

Obesity has become an epidemic in America, and most experts consider it an obstetric hazard. It coexists with and is perceived to be the cause of many forms of obstetrical and neonatal morbidity or mortality and, as a result, has an enormous impact on the health of women and their children. Obese women are at high risk for childbearing complications and require vigilant nursing assessment and care throughout pregnancy and birth. As the epidemic of obesity increases in America, nurses will care for greater numbers of obese women. Being prepared to aggressively manage the special needs of these women and their infants will promote positive birth outcomes for these childbearing families.
Neighborhood isolation in Chicago: Violent crime effects on structural isolation and homophily in inter-neighborhood commuting networks

Urban sociologists and criminologists have long been interested in the link between neighborhood isolation and crime. Yet studies have focused predominantly on the internal dimension of social isolation (i.e., increased social disorganization and insufficient jobs and opportunities). This study highlights the need to assess the external dimension of neighborhood isolation, the disconnectedness from other neighborhoods in the city. Analyses of Chicago's neighborhood commuting network over twelve years (2002-2013) showed that violence predicted network isolation. Moreover, pairwise similarity in neighborhood violence predicted commuting ties, supporting homophily expectations. Violence homophily affected tie formation most, while neighborhood violence was important in dissolving ties.
Computational imaging using frequency-diverse metasurfaces

This paper summarizes the recent advances in using frequency-diverse metasurfaces for computational imaging in the microwave and millimeter wave regimes. Frequency-diverse apertures are defined as structures that can generate distinct radiation patterns as a function of frequency. Such waveforms can multiplex a scene information into a set of backscattered measurements, which can be decoded using computational algorithms. In this manner, these apertures can retrieve a scene's reflectivity map using a fast frequency sweep (all-electronic operation), circumventing the requirement for a mechanical scan or active circuit components. We review recent advances in developing these apertures and examine their performance in both simulation and experimental settings. Finally, efforts to build large apertures, which can image at the diffraction limit, are discussed.
A modified product inhibition model describes the nonlinear pharmacokinetics of nicorandil in rats.

Nicorandil, a vasodilator which acts through both cyclic GMP accumulation and K+ channel opening, has been used in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases. We have examined the pharmacokinetics of nicorandil in the rat as a function of dose, as both i.v. boluses (9 doses, 0.75-12 mg, n = 1.4 per dose), and as a 5-hr infusion followed by a 5-hr washout (6 doses, 10-500 micrograms/kg/min, n = 3 per dose). Plasma nicorandil concentrations were determined by HPLC. Nicorandil plasma concentrations increased disproportionately with dose, but nicorandil elimination obeyed apparent monoexponential kinetics, and the apparent half-life (t1/2) increased with dose. In addition, the approach to apparent steady-state during the infusion phase was not overtly sensitive to the drastic changes in t1/2 observed. Pharmacokinetic modelling with several nonlinear models, viz: Michaelis-Menten with parallel first-order, cosubstrate depletion and competitive product inhibition, were carried out. Addition of the sulfhydryl donor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, did not change the pharmacokinetics of nicorandil, providing experimental indication that a cosubstrate depletion model might not be applicable. To described the unique pharmacokinetics, a modified product inhibition model was developed. This new model includes the classic competitive product inhibition equation, describing both parent and product kinetics, and it incorporates, in addition, separate first-order elimination rate constants for both nicorandil and the inhibition metabolite. Experimental evidence showed that N-(2-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide, the major metabolite of nicorandil in rats, and nicotinamide (niacinamide) itself, indeed inhibited nicorandil elimination.