cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elucidating structure-function relationships from molecule-to-cell-to-tissue: from research modalities to clinical realities.

The National Academy of Engineering selected ‘Imaging’ as one of the greatest engineering achievements of the 20th century (Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century. 2009 (cited 2008, November 10); available from: http://www.greatachievements.org/). The combination of different imaging modalities and technologies for mapping bimolecular and/or biological processes within single cells or even whole organs has extraordinary potential for revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of pathophysiological disorders, and thus for mitigating the significant social and economic costs associated with the clinical management of disease. Such integrated imaging approaches will eventually lead to individualized programs for disease prevention through advanced diagnosis, risk stratification and targeted cell therapies resulting in more successful and efficient health care. The goal of this article is to provide readers with a current update of selected of state-of-the-art imaging modalities which would likely to lead to improved clinical outcomes if employed in an integrated approach, including use of ultramicrosensors to detect reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in a single cell, use of electron tomography to visualize and characterize cellular organization in three dimensions (3D), and molecular imaging strategies to assess naturally occurring and therapeutic peripheral and myocardial angiogenesis using targeted radiolabeled tracers.
The Ministry as an Occupational Labor Market Intentions to Leave an Employer (Church) Versus Intentions to Leave a Profession (Ministry)

Attachment to one's employer is not the same as attachment to one's occupation (profession), but little theory or research exist to explain why the two are different. The authors integrate arguments about market viability of occupational labor markets from Bridges and Villemez and arguments about professional values from Wallace in offering the hypothesis that attachment to one's employer is based primarily on economic rationality, whereas attachment to one's occupation (profession) is determined more by adherence to a service calling associated with that occupation. Data from a national sample of 2,435 clergy in two Protestant denominations having an open labor market structure support this hypothesis.
A 40-in. (1-m) diagonal direct-view TFT-LCD by seamless-connection technique

We have realized the world's largest-size 40-in.-diagonal TFT-LCD by seamless panel-connection technology. This technology can easily make a large display degrading affecting the advantages of TFT-LCDs. In this paper, we discuss several techniques for a seamless connection.
TOO MUCH TO COUNT ON: IMPAIRED VERY SMALL NUMBERS IN CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION

Patients with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) have calculation impairments. This study examined whether impaired number knowledge depends on verbal mediation. We focused particularly on knowledge of very small numbers, where there is a precise relationship between a cardinality and its number concept, but little hypothesized role for verbal mediation. We evaluated accuracy and reaction time (RT) for matching dot arrays and Arabic numerals involving smaller (2-4) and larger (5-9) cardinalities in non-aphasic patients with CBD (n=16), frontotemporal dementia (FTD; n=23), and healthy controls (n=15). CBD were less accurate and slowed at judging smaller Arabic numeral-dot array stimuli compared to FTD patients and controls. Moreover, only CBD showed longer RTs judging successively larger number-dot array pairs among the smaller cardinalities. Difficulty judging very small numbers is impaired in CBD, suggesting degraded representation of precise number knowledge that does not depend on language functioning.
Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Presenting With Altered Mental Status and Myoclonus and Co-Occurring With Psoriasis

We report the case of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) in a 48-year-old male who presented with sudden onset of unresponsiveness with reported confusion and behavioral changes 3 days prior. Metabolic derangement, infectious and toxic factors were ruled out through laboratory testing. Stroke was excluded through brain CT and MRI. Vasculitis panel was unremarkable. Extensive CSF study was unremarkable except for high protein consistent with similar finding in other reported cases of HE. His TSH was normal but his anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody was highly elevated indicative of HE. EEG showed diffuse slow wave pattern. 14-3-3 protein, which is a non-specific marker for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, was not detected. The patient showed marked improvement with corticosteroid treatment and his mental status returned to baseline. Our patient also has a history of psoriasis. While HE is reported to be associated with many autoimmune disorders, the currently reported co-occurrence with psoriasis is rare and this report, to the best of our knowledge, is only the second such report. We emphasize that HE should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with altered mental status when metabolic, infectious and toxic factors have been ruled out, early onset dementias can be ruled out, and presence of other autoimmune disorders are noted. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody, although being a non-specific marker, should be checked in such cases. J Med Cases. 2013;4(5):300-303 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/jmc1144w
Helmholtz decomposition of surface electric current in electromagnetic scattering problems

In view of the Helmholtz theorem of vector calculus, the surface electric current induced on a conducting body is decomposed into lamellar and solenoidal parts. The solenoidal component is derivable from the normally directed surface curl of the current, and the lamellar component is derivable from the surface divergence (or surface charge) of the current. This representation is an alternative to specifying directly the two scalar components of the surface current. The physical interpretation of the surface curl of the surface current is examined. Examples of scatterers with induced surface currents that are purely lamellar, purely solenoidal, or a combination of both components are cited. A physical feel for the nature of the surface current induced on scatterers is developed, and computational simplifications offered by the Helmholtz decomposition are examined. >
Chronic Pain Treatment and Health Service Utilization of Veterans with Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Objectives Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is estimated to affect 2% of the general U.S. population and chronic pain is a common comorbidity among persons with HCV. The primary purpose of this study was to compare health service utilization of U.S. military veterans with HCV with and without the presence of comorbid chronic pain.
Hemophagocytosis: A Complication of Acute Q Fever in a Child

We describe an 11-year-old boy with acute Q fever complicated by hemophagocytosis. In addition to pancytopenia, the boy presented with hyponatremia, hypofibrinogenemia, and changes in lipid metabolism. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed striking hemophagocytosis. All of the pathological changes were caused by an activated macrophage system. We also discuss the possible role that pathogenetic mechanisms play in these changes.
Community and Federal Collaboration to Assess Pregnancy Outcomes in Alaska Native Women, 1997–2005

The objectives are to report the estimated prevalence of pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a defined population of Alaska Native women and also examine factors contributing to an intensive and successful collaboration between a tribal health center and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigators abstracted medical record data from a random sample of singleton deliveries to residents of the study region occurring between 1997 and 2005. We used descriptive statistics to estimate the prevalence and 95 % confidence intervals of selected pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Records were examined for 505 pregnancies ending in a singleton delivery to 469 women. Pregnancy complication rates were 5.9 % (95 % CI 4.0, 8.4) for gestational diabetes mellitus, 6.1 % (95 % CI 4.2, 8.6 %) for maternal chronic hypertension and 11.5 % (95 % CI 8.8, 14.6) for pregnancy associated hypertension, and 22.9 % (95 % CI 19.2–26.5 %) for anemia. The cesarean section rate was 5.5 % (95 % CI 3.5, 7.5) and 3.8 % (95 % CI 2.3, 5.8) of newborns weighed >4,500 g. Few previous studies reported pregnancy outcomes among Alaska Native women in a specific geographic region of Alaska and regarding the health needs in this population. We highlight components of our collaboration that contributed to the success of the study. Studies focusing on special populations such as Alaska Native women are feasible and can provide important information on health indicators at the local level.
The use of the ambulatory procedure room for carpal tunnel release

INTRODUCTION: Crew Resource Management (CRM) training is a well-accepted cultural change methodology that has been used in healthcare settings to improve team communication and reduce the number of avoidable medical errors. Data is limited regarding the actual return on investment (ROI) for implementing such training. We hypothesize, that despite a seemingly high investment to complete this training, a positive return on investment can be measured, thereby supporting the benefit of such training.
Analysis of Density-Dependent Survival of Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Cornfields

We analyzed published Þeld data concerning western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence) survival from egg to adult to create general relationships between density and survival. A series of equations were generated that best Þt the data, and these equations may be used to help understand density-dependent survival in future studies. In general, the datasets showed a decline in the pro- portion surviving to adulthood as egg density increased. The survival of northern corn rootworm was lower than that of western corn rootworm. Data for both natural and mechanical infestations of soil with eggs show decreasing proportion surviving as density increases. Several nonlinear equations Þt the data for both species very well. Density-dependent survival can account for differences in observations of insecticide survival at different initial western corn rootworm densities.
SimAir: a stochastic model of airline operations

Airline transportation systems are inherently random. However, airline planning models do not explicitly consider stochasticity in operations. Because of this, there is often a notable discrepancy between a schedule's planned and actual performance. SimAir is a modular airline simulation that simulates the daily operations of a domestic airline. Its primary purpose is to evaluate plans, such as crew schedules, as well as recovery policies in a random environment. We describe the structure of SimAir, and we give future directions for the study of airline planning under uncertainty.
Cholinergic innervation of pyramidal cells and parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons in the rat basolateral amygdala

The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala receives an extremely dense cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain that is critical for memory consolidation. Although previous electron microscopic studies determined some of the postsynaptic targets of cholinergic afferents, the majority of postsynaptic structures were dendritic shafts whose neurons of origin were not identified. To make this determination, the present study analyzed the cholinergic innervation of the anterior subdivision of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus (BLa) of the rat using electron microscopic dual-labeling immunocytochemistry. The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was used as a marker for cholinergic terminals; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK) was used as a marker for pyramidal cells, the principal neurons of the BLa; and parvalbumin (PV) was used as a marker for the predominant interneuronal subpopulation in this nucleus. VAChT(+) terminals were visualized by using diaminobenzidine as a chromogen, whereas CAMK(+) or PV(+) neurons were visualized with Vector very intense purple (VIP) as a chromogen. Quantitative analyses revealed that the great majority of dendritic shafts receiving cholinergic inputs were CAMK(+) , indicating that they were of pyramidal cell origin. In fact, 89% of the postsynaptic targets of cholinergic terminals in the BLa were pyramidal cells, including perikarya (3%), dendritic shafts (47%), and dendritic spines (39%). PV(+) structures, including perikarya and dendrites, constituted 7% of the postsynaptic targets of cholinergic axon terminals. The cholinergic innervation of both pyramidal cells and PV(+) interneurons may constitute an anatomical substrate for the generation of oscillatory activity involved in memory consolidation by the BLa.
The Translational Machinery

Arguably, the most essential process in a living cell is the translation of genetic information into protein products. Molecular genetic research has focused for the most part on the transcription of the storage structure for genetic information, DNA, into messenger RNA. It is clear that much of genetic control is exerted at this level—appropriate sites of RNA initiation and termination must be identified, the primary product may be processed posttranscriptionally by the excision of introns, and the absolute level of each mRNA must be adjusted, mainly at the level of transcriptional initiation. Many assume that genetic control consists of regulation of the structure and concentration of mRNAs. It is increasingly becoming clear that this view ignores a wealth of genetic control which occurs after the production of a mature mRNA molecule. Posttranscriptional control is in turn often thought to consist of regulation of translational initiation (either gene-specific or global), regulation of posttranslational modification (for example, by protein phosphorylation) and regulation of protein turnover (including programmed proteolysis). All of these processes assume that the gene is faithfully decoded, codon by codon, to produce a protein replica of the genetic information of the DNA. Again, it is increasingly clear that this view also ignores a wealth of genetic control which allows expression of protein products not specifically encoded in the DNA. This book concerns the mechanisms that give rise to these unconventional translational products, what I will term alternative readings of the genetic code.* The ways in which translation can be programmed to produce these noncanonically encoded proteins are varied, and our understanding of them is still growing. This book will attempt to catalog these mechanisms and describe our understanding of their molecular basis.
Evolving strategies for biological control of weeds with plant pathogens

Current biological control strategies involve the use of exotic or native biocontrol agents, proven to be host-specific and lethal. This is a successful field of endeavor, attractive lo a large cadre of entomologists and a few plant pathologists. The main limitation is that each weed species must be attacked by a separate host-specific agent and these organisms are not always lethal. Only by using a radical paradigm shift can we reach a new strategy of biocontrol. In this strategy, lethal, broad host-range pathogens are genetically modified to permit their safe release. Either they are rendered host-specific or they are given a chemical dependency that prevents their spread or long-term survival. This genetic-manipulative approach offers numerous and diverse scenarios for biocontrol. Host-specific promoters or toxins, host-dependency by multiple auxotrophy, or mutants dependent on specific environmental conditions are all approaches that lend themselves to genetic modification. Such self-delimiting pathogens may have the advantage of repeated marketability, environmental safely and multiple target weeds.
On near-capacity coding systems for partial-response channels

We present a near-capacity coding system for higher-order partial-response channels, consisting of an outer set of interleaved low-density parity-check codes, an inner rate-1 shaping code, and a multistage decoder. The inner shaping code, which may be noninvertible, is designed to generate an output process similar to a binary Markov process that maximizes the mutual information for a given order. On the EPR4 channel, our system exhibits an iterative decoding threshold and a simulation BER of 10/sup -5/ within 0.19 and 0.33 dB, respectively, of the information-theoretic limit for a third-order input process.
Hemodynamic responses to antivascular therapy and ionizing radiation assessed by diffuse optical spectroscopies.

Diffuse optical methods were used to monitor two different therapies in K1735 malignant mouse melanoma tumor models: anti-vascular therapy and radiation therapy. Anti-vascular therapy induced acute variation in hemodynamic parameters within an hour, and radiation therapy induced longitudinal changes within 2 weeks. During anti-vascular therapy, the drug Combretastatin A-4 3-O-Phosphate (CA4P, 2.5 mg/200 μl PBS/mouse) significantly decreased tissue blood flow (65%) and blood oxygenation (38%) one hour after injection. In the longitudinal study, single-fraction ionizing radiation (12 Gy x 1) induced significant reduction of tissue blood flow (36%) and blood oxygenation (24%) 14 days after radiation. The results correlated well with contrast enhanced ultrasound, tumor histology, and a nitroimidazole hypoxia marker (EF5). The research provides further evidence that noninvasive diffuse optical spectroscopies can be useful tools for monitoring cancer therapy in vivo.
Arrays of multielement ultrasound applicators for interstitial hyperthermia

Arrays of multielement ultrasound applicators for interstitial hyperthermia have been developed and tested both in vitro and in vivo. The system includes multielement applicators, a 64 channel RF driving unit, a power measuring unit, a 112 channel multisensor temperature measuring unit, and a water cooling unit. Ninety-five arrays of single-element and nine arrays of three-element ultrasound applicators were designed, built, and characterized by measuring transducer efficiency and ultrasound field distribution. Improved uniformity in the azimuthal direction was achieved by using multiple driving frequencies. In addition, production of ultrasound in a desired sector of the transducer was possible by selecting a suitable frequency. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that 92% of monitored temperature points within the target volume of 30 mm/spl times/30 mm/spl times/35 mm achieved a therapeutic temperature rise (above 5/spl deg/C) when an array of five three-element applicators were used. These results indicated that the arrays of multielement ultrasound applicators have distinct advantages over present interstitial hyperthermia modalities in terms of the capability to control the temperature distribution with a large catheter spacing. As a conclusion, the feasibility of a practical arrays of multielement ultrasound applicators for interstitial hyperthermia was demonstrated.
Political Community, Identity and Cosmopolitan Place:

Theoretical discussions of community, identity and democracy rarely make explicit reference to the role of place. When place is discussed it is usually characterized as related to particularistic concerns of local community and is described as a mere setting for human actions. This study explores a more complex, relational concept of place and its potential role in theoretical debate about political community. The example of the European Union is used to illustrate the connection between ideal geographies and conceptions of community. Three competing models of EU political community are discussed: the market, the civic and the cultural pluralist. Each has associated with it a differing spatial logic. This example leads to a consideration of a more cosmopolitan conception of place that moves from the concrete and the particular toward the general and the universal.
A Set of Solutions to Parfit's Problems

L'A. presente une theorie hedoniste du bien-etre en reponse a l'ouvrage de D. Parfit intitule «Reasons and persons» (1984). Examinant la theorie de la quasi-maximisation, ainsi que les objections formulees par J. Ryberg a l'encontre d'une theorie similaire, l'A. defend la validite des principes de transitivite et lexicalite pour resoudre les paradoxes de Parfit.
Sir Ernst Gombrich and the Barber from Tuscany

In the spirit of Sir Ernst Gombrich, this essay uses an anecdote—a chat between Gombrich and a barber from Tuscany—to illustrate a deeper point, namely, how cultural memory, tradition, and a canon give rise to an implied language of culture and cultural value. Gombrich staunchly defended tradition against relativism. By relativism, he meant something like "radical subjectivism." To his mind, subjectivism (in the cultural and social sense of the term) is not only impossible, since meaning is conferred through culture and society, but it is also dangerous (in the cultural and ethical sense of the term), since it denies the existence of shared values. Against consensus on the one hand and radical subjectivism on the other, Gombrich advocated a middle way: criticism and self-criticism to ensure latitude; the search for "truth" to ensure a limited plurality of interpretations.
Deficiency of Suppressor-Inducer (Cd4+Cd45ra+) T Cells in Autism

CD4+ cells are a heterogenous population of lymphocytes including at least two distinct subpopulations: CD45RA+ cells, inducers of suppressor T cells and CDw29+ cells, inducers of helper function for antibody production. To investigate the possibility that immune abnormalities in autism may involve abnormal distribution of these helper subpopulations, monoclonal antibodies were used in flow cytometric analysis to characterize peripheral blood lymphocytes of 36 subjects with autism. The autistic subjects as compared to a group of 35 healthy age-matched subjects had a significantly reduced number of lymphocytes, a decreased number of CD2+ T cells and reduced numbers of CD4+ and CD4+CD45RA+ lymphocytes. The numbers of B (CD20+) cells, suppressor T (CD8+) cells, inducers of helper function (CD4+CDw29+) and natural killer (CD56+) cells were not altered in the autistic subjects. Our results suggest that an alteration in the suppressor-inducer T-cell subset is associated with autism.
The Safety and Efficacy of Single-Agent Pemetrexed in Platinum-Resistant Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: A Large Single-Institution Experience

Background. Pemetrexed is a commonly used treatment for platinum-resistant advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) basedonobjective response ratesof 8%and28%in twosmall phase II studies. To address the discrepancy in reported response rates and to assess efficacy and toxicity outside of a clinical trial setting, we performed a large retrospective analysis of pemetrexed use at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. We also investigated candidate prognostic factorsforoverallsurvivalinthissettingtoexplorewhetherthe neutrophil-lymphocyteratio(NLR)had independentprognos
The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Cartilage: Basic Science and Clinical Application

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is emerging as a biological therapy for the treatment of cartilage injuries and for intra-articular application to address knee pain. Basic science studies indicate that PRP stimulates cell proliferation and the production of cartilage matrix by chondrocytes and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells and increases the production of hyaluronic acid by synoviocytes. In preclinical animal model studies, PRP slows the progression of osteoarthritis, but there are mixed results after the use of PRP to facilitate the repair of chondral or osteochondral defects. Clinical studies indicate that PRP-bone marrow–derived stromal cell constructs aid in the repair of chondral defects. A clinical benefit from PRP was also shown for 1 year after intra-articular injection in patients suffering from knee pain. Although most studies support the clinical use of PRP for the treatment of cartilage injury and joint pain, improved classification schemes for PRP and more extensive testing and reporting on the contents of the PRP preparation being applied in the study would aid in the development of treatment protocols.
Increased male fertility in Tribolium confusum beetles after infection with the intracellular parasite Wolbachia

The cytoplasmically inherited microorganism Wolbachia pipientis behaves like a sexually selected trait in its host, the flour beetle Tribolium confusum, enhancing male fertility at the expense of female fecundity. Here we show that infected females have fewer offspring than uninfected females but infected males have a large fertility advantage over uninfected males within multiply-inseminated infected or uninfected females. The male fertility effect accelerates the spread of the Wolbachia through the host population and expands the initial opportunity for hitch-hiking of host nuclear genes. Sperm competition in a host, mediated by endosymbionts, has not been previously described.
Distributed estimation of closeness centrality

Closeness centrality is a fundamental centrality measure that quantifies how centrally located a node is, within a network, based on its total distances to all other nodes. In this paper, we first derive a set of linear inequality and equality constraints, which are distributed in nature, that characterize closeness centrality in lieu of its original definition. We then use these constraints to develop a scalable distributed algorithm, which enables nodes in a network to cooperatively estimate their individual closeness with only local interaction and without any centralized coordination, nor high memory usages. Finally, we evaluate the algorithm performance via extensive simulation, showing that it yields closeness estimates that are 91% accurate in terms of ordering, on random geometric, Erdős-Renyi, and Barabasi-Albert graphs.
Sex and race-ethnicity secular trends in mean and elevated red blood cell distribution width among adults in the United States, 1999-2012

Objective : Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) has been shown to associate with increased risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death. To our knowledge, no study has examined secular trends in RDW over the last decade. Design : Serial cross-sectional design. Setting : Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2012, were used. Patients : 34,171 adults. Main Outcome Measure : RDW was assessed from a blood sample derived from the coefficient of variation of the red cell volume distribution histogram and reported as a percent. Elevated RDW was defined as an RDW > 14.6%. Results : The overall age-adjusted mean RDW increased progressively and significantly (P<.05) from 12.59% in 1999-2000 to 12.89% in 2011-2012. The overall age-adjusted prevalence of elevated RDW increased progressively and significantly (P<.05) from 4.01% in 1999-2000 to 6.25% in 2011-2012. Statistically significant increases over this time period also occurred among non-Hispanic White women, non-Hispanic Black men and women, and Mexican American men and women. Across all sex and race-ethnicity combinations, women, compared with men, had higher RDW and larger increases over time in mean and elevated RDW. Conclusion : Mean and elevated RDW has progressively increased from 1999-2012 among adults in the United States, with increases observed among non-Hispanic Whites, Blacks, and Mexican Americans. Future research is needed to describe the determinants and implications of this RDW rise, as well as explanations for why a greater RDW change has occurred among women. Ethn Dis. 2016;26(1):45-50; doi:10.18865/ed.26.1.45
Where Human Trafficking Profits: The Hostile Work Environment of Adult Entertainment Establishments

The purpose of human trafficking is to strip a human being of their autonomy and freedom in order to force, control, and manipulate them to engage in either commercial sex acts or labor for little to no wages; and for the benefit and profit of the trafficker. As stated in King v. Hillen, the purpose of Title VII is, “to liberate the workplace, through law, from the demeaning influence of discrimination and thereby implement the goals of human dignity and economic equality in employment.” Although the application of Title VII sexual harassment may be the very last thing to come to mind as a genuine employment law claim in adult entertainment clubs; the crime of human trafficking exists within these clubs; often with the knowledge, involvement, or acquiescence of managers and owners. Because employers either condone or promote a hostile work environment for female employees, and because female victims of human trafficking are often employed in this capacity, liability for the employer can be established on the basis of Title VII sexual harassment discrimination. This article suggests that it is no longer appropriate to, “have our cake and eat it too.” If adult entertainment clubs are licensed and maintained as legitimate business establishments, then these employers must abide by all aspects of the law, and not just some. This article proposes that by holding these employers liable for the hostile work environment, it will also serve to decrease human trafficking.
Eliminating Health Care Disparities With Mandatory Clinical Decision Support: The Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Example.

Background All hospitalized patients should be assessed for VTE risk factors and prescribed appropriate prophylaxis. To improve best-practice VTE prophylaxis prescription for all hospitalized patients, we implemented a mandatory computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) tool. The tool requires completion of checklists to evaluate VTE risk factors and contraindications to pharmacologic prophylaxis, and then recommends the risk-appropriate VTE prophylaxis regimen.
Compensatory “eryhtrocytosis” in cyanotic heart disease

We read with great pleasure the work by Wu and Tseng [1]. Indeed, the clinical presentation of pulmonary embolism (PE) can mimic as hypercyanotic crisis or Tet spells in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot. Furthermore, the presence of telltale sign of Tet spells, that is, profound hypoxia and cyanosis in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, decreases the clinical suspicion of PE. The authors maintained a commendable degree of clinical suspicion; however, we would like to highlight an additional important consideration in this case. The authors use the term compensated polycythemia, referring to an outcome in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease causing an increase in blood viscosity and thromboembolic events. “Polycythemia” refers to increase in more than 1 cell lines in bone marrow. As a matter of fact, hypoxia in cyanotic congenital heart disease is a trigger for “erythrocytosis,” that is, proliferation of red blood cell lines and thereby increased red cell mass [2,3]. Therefore, we recommend using the term compensatory erythrocytosis instead of compensated polycythemia. TheWells score is truly not validated in cyanotic heart disease. Nevertheless, onemust remember that these patients have a slightly higher risk than general population for the development of PE given their underlying hyperviscosity [4]. Thus, a clinical suspicion for PE is perhaps very reasonable if there is no clinical improvement with the conventional therapy for Tet spells.
Use of Artificial Lighting to Reduce Heliothis Spp. Populations in Cotton Fields

Oviposition by female Heliothis spp. moths on cotton was reduced greatly when experimental plots were illuminated nightly with incandescent light. Egg deposition in 1 plot, illuminated continuously each night with a 1500-w lamp, was reduced 85% when compared with that in an unlighted plot. Oviposition also was reduced by 81% in a plot illuminated with a 1500-w lamp which was programmed to provide 5-minute periods of alternating light and darkness each night. In a 3rd plot of cotton, which was illuminated continuously each night with twenty 15-w lamps, egg deposition and larval infestations were 86 and 96% less, respectively, than in an unlighted plot. Beneficial arthropods were slightly more abundant in the unlighted plots, probably because these plots also were infested with greater numbers of prey.
Evaluation of Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction in Women Undergoing Female Genital Plastic/Cosmetic Surgery

Background Little prospective data exists regarding the procedures constituting female genital plastic/cosmetic surgery (FGPS). Objectives To evaluate whether the procedures of labiaplasty and vaginoperineoplasty improve genital self image, and evaluate effects on sexual satisfaction. Methods Prospective cohort case-controlled study of 120 subjects evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperative, paired with a demographically similar control group. Interventions include labiaplasty, clitoral hood reduction, and/or aesthetic vaginal tightening, defined as perineoplasty + “vaginoplasty” (aka “vaginal rejuvenation.”). Outcome measures include body image, genital self-image, sexual satisfaction, and body esteem. Results As a group, study patients tested at baseline showing body dissatisfaction, negative genital self-image, and poorer indices of sexual satisfaction. Preoperative body image of study patients were in a range considered to be mild to moderately dysmorphic, but matched controls at one and two years; genital self-image scores at entry were considerably lower than controls, but by 2-year follow-up had surpassed control value at entry. Similarly, sexual satisfaction values, significantly lower at entry, equaled at one, and surpassed control values, at 2 years. Postoperatively, at all points in time, these differences in body image and genital self-image disappeared, and sexual satisfaction markedly improved. Overall body esteem did not differ between study and control groups, with the exception of the genital esteem quotient, which improved after surgery. Conclusions Women requesting and completing FGPS, when tested by validated instruments, at entry report sexual dissatisfaction and negative genital self-image. When tested at several points in time after surgery up to two years, these findings were no longer present. When performed by an experienced surgeon, FGPS appears to provide sexual and genital self-image improvement. Level of Evidence 2![Graphic][1] Therapeutic [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
83 IMMUNONIOSOMES TARGETED TO INFLAMMATORY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

Background Inflammatory processes play a role in vascular disease. Expression of cellular adhesion molecules such as CD44 is up-regulated in inflamed endothelium and therefore may promote atherosclerosis. This may provide a target for delivery of therapeutics specific to reducing or disrupting inflammation. Nonionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes) are potential stable, low-cost drug delivery vehicles that have been shown in other contexts to be useful in lowering systemic doses of drug for efficacy. We addressed the hypothesis that niosomes could be synthesized that could specifically target the CD44 molecule. Methods Niosomes containing fluorescent green carboxyrhodamine dye were created using a combination of modified surfactants. Through a novel process we developed, we conjugated these to anti-CD44 (IM7) monoclonal antibodies to form “immunoniosomes.” These were incubated with bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) activated with TNF-α to express CD44. To verify and quantify binding, phase contrast and fluorescent images of postincubated cells were captured. Cells were DAPI blue stained to visualize the nuclei. The number of immunoniosomes bound to cells was determined through a custom-made image analysis program. Binding density was defined as a ratio of the number of immunoniosomes per cell nucleus. Controls included cell incubation with unconjugated niosomes and BAECs preincubated with free IM7 to block binding sites. Results A subgroup of BAECs underwent immunohistochemical staining, which verified expression of CD44 on the cell surface. Comparison of experiments with immunoniosomes versus controls revealed good selectivity and specificity. For a 1-hour incubation of immunoniosomes at a concentration of 3.0 × 107#/mL and a cell density of 2.20 × 105 cells/cm2, binding density was 2.29 ± 0.26 per cell. Conclusions We have confirmed the capacity to develop monoclonal antibody conjugated niosomes targeted to specific cell receptors, namely CD44. Further exploration of the capacity of vesicle binding and subsequent uptake in endothelial cells of the immunoniosomes to test the potential to target inflammatory disease is warranted.
Clinical applications of the supraceliac aorta: anatomical and pathologic observations

To assess the extent of atherosclerosis in the supraceliac aorta, we studied autopsy samples from 100 men with severe atherosclerotic disease and from 135 men who had died of noncoronary causes. In both groups, the extent of atherosclerotic involvement was consistently less in the supraceliac aorta than in the infrarenal aorta. For this reason and because of other desirable characteristics, the supraceliac aorta is useful as an anastomotic site for apicoaortic conduits; in cases of graft infection; in coarctation of the aorta, when a concomitant cardiac procedure has been performed; and when the infrarenal aorta is inaccessible.
Caring for the stories that come to us: work narratives and their sacred promise.

People often lack opportunity and place to reflect upon and share the sacred moments that occur in their work. Thus, these experiences are marginalized and neglected. Yet, they embody the soul of o...
The Effectiveness of Using a Content Acquisition Podcast to Teach Phonological Awareness, Phonemic Awareness, and Phonics to Preservice Special Education Teachers:

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using a content acquisition podcast (CAP) to teach phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and phonics (PA) to preservice special educati...
WE-E-BRB-02: Implementation of Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) Proton Therapy Treatment for Liver Patient

Strategies for treating thoracic and liver tumors using pencil beam scanning proton therapy Thoracic and liver tumors have not been treated with pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy until recently. This is because of concerns about the significant interplay effects between proton spot scanning and patient's respiratory motion. However, not all tumors have unacceptable magnitude of motion for PBS proton therapy. Therefore it is important to analyze the motion and understand the significance of the interplay effect for each patient. The factors that affect interplay effect and its washout include magnitude of motion, spot size, spot scanning sequence and speed. Selection of beam angle, scanning direction, repainting and fractionation can all reduce the interplay effect. An overview of respiratory motion management in PBS proton therapy including assessment of tumor motion and WET evaluation will be first presented. As thoracic tumors have very different motion patterns from liver tumors, examples would be provided for both anatomic sites. As thoracic tumors are typically located within highly heterogeneous environments, dose calculation accuracy is a concern for both treatment target and surrounding organs such as spinal cord or esophagus. Strategies for mitigating the interplay effect in PBS will be presented and the pros and cons of various motion mitigation strategies will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.Motion analysis for individual patients with respect to interplay effect 2.Interplay effect and mitigation strategies for treating thoracic/liver tumors with PBS 3.Treatment planning margins for PBS 4.The impact of proton dose calculation engines over heterogeneous treatment target and surrounding organs I have a current research funding from Varian Medical System under the master agreement between University of Pennsylvania and Varian; L. Lin, I have a current funding from Varian Medical System under the master agreement between University of Pennsylvania and Varian.; H. Li, Na
SU-F-T-105: The Predicted Radiation Response of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for SRS, SBRT and HDR Brachytherapy

Purpose: The data on the α/β ratio of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is scarce in the literature. We have previously proposed a generalized LQ (gLQ) model to address the high dose dilemma of the LQ model. In this study, we applied the gLQ model to both the patients and in vitro cell irradiation data treated with a large range of doses, and investigated the α/β ratio in NSCLC. Methods: 150 patients with T1T2 and non-T1T2 stages were treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). In vitro datasets of 14 NSCLC cell lines from the National Cancer Institute published in Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 25(3):527–534 (1989) and 7 NSCLC cell lines published in Cancer Res 57:4285–300 (1997) were included. The gLQ model was used to fit datasets. The least χ2 method was adopted to determine the goodness of fit. Errors of the model parameters were determined by propagating minimal χ2. The α/β ratios from both the patients and these in vitro NSCLC cell lines were obtained. Results: The average of α/β ratios for T1T2 and non-T1T2 NSCLC was 1.45 Gy. The same type of cell lines irradiated with different modalities but almost the same dose rate yielded approximately the same α/β ratio. The average of α/β ratios for NSCLC cell lines in this study was 5.45 Gy. Conclusion: The difference in the α/β ratios between the patients and in vitro cell data is expected and the lower α/β ratio for patients suggests the higher radiosensitivity, which could be associated with higher tumor perfusion or other tumor microenvironmental effects. The α/β ratios derived from the gLQ model can be used in high dose regions or high fraction sizes and are useful to extend our clinical experience accumulated from conversional low-dose fractionation to high dose irradiation schedules.
Self-explanation and digital games

Research suggests that self-explanation functionality can effectively support learning in the context of digital games. Research also highlights challenges, however, in balancing and integrating the demands and abstraction of self-explanation functionality with the demands and structure of the game. These challenges are particularly true for games that are, themselves, cognitively more complex. The current study presents an approach that adapts the abstraction of self-explanation prompts based on a player's performance. The results demonstrate that students in this condition (a) scored significantly higher on the post-test than students whose self-explanation prompts were not adaptively adjusted and were always abstract and (b) scored higher, but not significantly so, than students who did not receive the self-explanation functionality. Analyses of gameplay metrics suggest that trade-offs in terms of progress through the game may explain some aspects of these post-test comparisons. Analyses also demonstrate that both self-explanation conditions significantly outperformed the navigation-only comparison condition on a gameplay metric that suggests deeper model-based thinking. Abstraction of self-explanation prompts adaptively adjusted to players' performance.Significantly higher test scores in adaptive compared to non-adaptive condition.Higher but not significantly higher differences compared to non-explanation.Analyses of game-play metrics suggest trade-offs in terms of game progress.Analyses of game-play metrics suggest deeper model-based thinking.
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoXPd100−X alloys for magnetic tunnel junctions

Abstract CoFeB/MgO-based perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJ’s) with high anisotropy and low damping are critical for spin-torque transfer random access memory (STT-RAM). Most schemes of making the pinned CoFeB fully perpendicular require ferrimagnets with high damping constants, a high temperature-grown L10 alloy, or an overly complex multilayered synthetic antiferromagnet (SyAF). We report a compositional study of perpendicular CoxPd alloy-pinned Co20Fe60B20/MgO based MTJ stacks, grown at moderate temperatures in a planetary deposition system. The perpendicular anisotropy of the CoxPd alloy films can be tuned based on the layer thickness and composition. The films were characterized by alternating gradient magnetometry (AGM), energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Current-in-plane tunneling (CIPT) measurements have also been performed on the compositionally varied CoxPd MTJ stacks. The CoxPd alloy becomes fully perpendicular at approximately x = 30% (atomic fraction) Co. Full-film MTJ stacks of Si/SiO2/MgO (13)/CoXPd100−x (50)/Ta (0.3)/CoFeB (1)/MgO (1.6)/CoFeB (1)/Ta (5)/Ru (10), with the numbers enclosed in parentheses being the layer thicknesses in nm, were sputtered onto thermally oxidized silicon substrates and in-situ lamp annealed at 400 °C for 5 min. CIPT measurements indicate that the highest TMR is observed for the CoPd composition with the highest perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Comparison of nitrogen-15 and purines as microbial markers in continuous culture.

Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters were used in four replicated periods to compare the effects of diet and microbial marker on estimates of N metabolism in continuous culture of ruminal microorganisms. A basal diet was supplemented with urea and tryptone, soybean meal (SBM), lignosulfonate-treated SBM, corn gluten meal, blood meal (BM), hydrolyzed feather meal, fish meal (FM), or meat and bone meal (MBM). Microbial protein flow and protein degradation in fermenters were estimated using purines, purine N, and 15N in bacteria obtained from fermenter flasks or from the effluent. The ratio of purine N to total N in bacteria averaged .083 and was not affected (P > .05) by treatment. Dietary purine content (percentage of DM) ranged from .033 in BM to .084 in FM. Escape of feed purine N (percentage of total purine N flow) averaged 1.7% (SE = 2.9) and was not different (P > .05) among treatments. Bacterial N flows obtained using purines were more variable than estimates obtained using 15N. Bacterial N flows calculated using 15N in bacteria isolated from fermenters were more variable than those obtained using bacteria isolated from the effluent. The use of purines as a microbial marker resulted in lower estimates of protein degradation and smaller differences among treatments compared with use of 15N. Data suggest that escape of feed purine N seems to be a minor factor affecting calculation of bacterial N flow and that the use of 15N in effluent bacteria may be a more accurate procedure when using continuous-culture fermenters.
Ion Transport and Competition Effects on NaTi2(PO4)3 and Na4Mn9O18 Selective Insertion Electrode Performance.

We evaluate the efficiency and capacity of electrochemically reversible insertion electrodes for use in targeted ion removal applications in aqueous solutions. The relative attributes of insertion material chemistry are evaluated by comparing the performance of two different sodium insertion materials, NaTi2(PO4)3 and Na4Mn9O18, in different electrolyte environments. We performed experiments over a range of solution compositions containing both sodium and other non-inserting ions, and we then developed mechanistic insight into the effects of solution concentration and composition on overpotential losses and round trip Coulombic efficiency. In dilute aqueous streams, performance was limited by the rate of ion transport from the bulk electrolyte region to the electrode interface. This leads to slow rates of ion removal, large overpotentials for ion insertion, parasitic charge loss due to water electrolysis, and lower round trip Coulombic efficiencies. This effect is particularly large for insertion electrod...
Marketing for tourism, hospitality & events: a global & digital approach

Both the consumption and the business of tourism are changing rapidly, and educating the next generation of tourism, hospitality, and events marketing professionals therefore requires an acknowledg...