cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survivorship support in head and neck cancer: American Head and Neck Society survey.

Background The value of supporting cancer survivors beyond formal treatment has become increasingly recognized among clinicians who care for patients with head and neck cancer. Methods A survey was developed by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) Survivorship Committee and distributed to members of the AHNS electronically. Results The survey was distributed to 1403 AHNS members, with 202 responses (14.4%). Among survivorship topics, respondents were most likely to address detection of recurrence/second primary malignancies (97.5%), dysphagia (93.1%), and thyroid function (90.1%) with their patients; they were least likely to address sleep disturbance/apnea (27.7%) and body and self-image issues (29.7%.) Less than half provide patients with a written treatment summary (43.1%) or follow-up care plan (36.9%). Conclusions These results highlight the need for improved survivorship care planning and offer an opportunity for the development of educational and survivorship research in head and neck cancer care.
Case report: cardiac herniation following robotic-assisted thymectomy

The first reported case of cardiac herniation was in 1948 and occurred following pericardiectomy during a lung cancer resection. Although rare, this potentially fatal surgical complication may occur following any operation in which a pericardial incision or resection is performed. The majority of literature on cardiac herniation involves case reports after intrapericardial pneumonectomy. Currently, there are no reports of cardiac herniation after thymectomy with pericardial resection. A 44-year-old Asian female with symptomatic myasthenia gravis was referred for thymectomy. Originally thought to have Bell’s Palsy, her symptoms began with right eyelid drooping and facial weakness. Over time, she developed difficulty holding her head up, upper extremity weakness, difficulty chewing and dysarthria. These symptoms worsened with activity. She was found to have positive acetylcholine receptor binding antibody on her myasthenia gravis panel. A preoperative CT scan demonstrated a 3.5 cm × 2 cm anterior mediastinal mass along the right heart border and phrenic nerve. A complete thymectomy, via right-sided robotic-assisted approach was performed en bloc with a portion of the right phrenic nerve and a 4 cm × 4 cm portion of pericardium overlying the right atrium and superior right ventricle. Upon undocking of the robot and closure of the port sites, the patient became acutely hypotensive (lowest recorded blood pressure 43/31 mmHg). The camera was reinserted and demonstrated partial cardiac herniation through the anterior pericardial defect toward the right chest. An emergent midline sternotomy was performed and the heart was manually reduced. The patient’s hemodynamics stabilized. A vented Gore-Tex 6 cm × 6 cm patch was sewn along the pericardial edges with interrupted 4–0 prolene to close the pericardial defect. This potentially fatal complication, although rare, should always be considered whenever there is hemodynamic instability entry or resection of the pericardium during surgery. We now routinely sew in a pericardial patch using our robotic surgical system for any defect over 3 cm × 3 cm that extends from the mid- to inferior portions of the heart.
Emotion Regulation Strategies as Mediators of the Relationship Between Internalizing Psychopathology and Sleep-Wake Problems During the Transition to Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study:

Internalizing psychopathology, including depression and anxiety, has been associated with sleep-wake problems among youth. Although transdiagnostic theories of psychopathology posit that emotion dy...
Reducing Pathogenic Escherichia coli Surrogates on Fresh Beef Cuts by Water-Reducing Antimicrobial Interventions.

ABSTRACT Water use for antimicrobial intervention application for beef harvest has come under increased scrutiny in recent years in an effort to enhance water conservation during beef harvest and fabrication. We determined the efficacy of beef safety interventions for reducing surrogates of the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) on beef cuts while lowering intervention-purposed water use for a small or very small beef establishment. Beef briskets, shoulder/clods, and rounds were inoculated with a gelatin-based slurry containing 6.8 ± 0.3 log CFU/g of nonpathogenic E. coli. After 30 min of attachment, inoculated cuts were treated by conventional lactic acid spray (2.5%, 55°C), lactic acid delivered by an electrostatic spray (2.5%, 55°C) handheld wand, hot water spray (82°C), or recycled hot water spray (82°C), wherein previously applied hot water was collected, thermally pasteurized to 82°C, or left untreated. One hundred milliliters of each treatment was sprayed onto marked surfaces of inoculated cuts, after which time surviving surrogate E. coli were enumerated. Lactic acid spray and electrostatic spray treatments produced greater reductions (1.0 to 1.1 log CFU/300 cm2) than hot water interventions (0.3 to 0.5 log CFU/300 cm2) (P ≤ 0.0001). Recycling of water reduced water losses by no less than 45% on recycled hot water spray-treated beef cuts. Low water beef safety interventions offer small and very small inspected beef establishments opportunities to incrementally reduce water use during intervention application, but not necessarily without loss of pathogen reduction efficacy. HIGHLIGHTS
Connecting the other half: Exploring options for the 50% of the population unconnected to the internet

Abstract As of the end of 2019, 46.4% of the world's population does not have regular access to the Internet. Bringing the more than 3.5 billion individuals still unconnected online is the primary goal for multiple international organizations, including the ITU and the UN Broadband Commission. Two important barriers that restrict connectivity are the lack of infrastructure and affordability. To address these barriers, several novel concepts that involve spaceborne and airborne platforms have been proposed to provide connectivity at a lower cost (improve affordability) to a wider reach of people (extend infrastructure). We develop a techno-economic methodology to assess the potential impact of space and aerial concepts in expanding connectivity to uncovered and under-served regions. In particular, constellations of geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites, large constellations of medium Earth orbit (MEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, and high- and low-altitude aerial platforms are studied. Results show that under the current scenario, the impact of space and aerial systems in terms of expanding connectivity would be rather modest; the current cost of satellite technology ( ~ $200 per Mbps/month) are affordable for less than 1% of the uncovered and under-served population in the countries of interest. In a future scenario in 8–10 years, space systems have the highest potential to bring uncovered and under-served populations online, being a viable technology for 24% of the population in these countries.
Campaign Finance Regulations and Public Policy

Despite a century of efforts to constrain money in American elections, there is little consensus on whether campaign finance regulations make any appreciable difference. Here we take advantage of a change in the campaign finance regulations of half of the U.S. states mandated by the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision. This exogenously imposed change in the regulation of independent expenditures provides an advance over the identification strategies used in most previous studies. Using a generalized synthetic control method, we find that after Citizens United, states that had previously banned independent corporate expenditures (and thus were “treated” by the decision) adopted more “corporate-friendly” policies on issues with broad effects on corporations’ welfare; we find no evidence of shifts on policies with little or no effect on corporate welfare. We conclude that even relatively narrow changes in campaign finance regulations can have a substantively meaningful influence on government policy making.
(Dis)courtesy Bias: “Methodological Cognates,” Data Validity, and Ethics in Violence-Adjacent Research:

In settings where war, forced migration, and humanitarian crisis have attracted international attention, research participants’ prior experiences with journalists, advocacy groups, state security, ...
Evaluation of Joint Modeling Techniques Using Calibration and Fatigue Assessment of a Bolted Structure

Calibrating a finite element model to test data is often required to accurately characterize a joint, predict its dynamic behavior, and determine fastener fatigue life. In this work, modal testing, model calibration, and fatigue analysis are performed for a bolted structure, and various joint modeling techniques are compared. The structure is designed to test a single bolt to fatigue failure by utilizing an electrodynamic modal shaker to axially force the bolted joint at resonance. Modal testing is done to obtain the dynamic properties, evaluate finite element joint modeling techniques, and assess the effectiveness of a vibration approach to fatigue testing of bolts. Results show that common joint models can be inaccurate in predicting bolt loads, and even when updated using modal test data, linear structural models alone may be insufficient in evaluating fastener fatigue.
Maintaining person-centred care in hospitals during restrictions on family presence.

Providing person-centred care to hospitalised patients and their families can be challenging in the context of restrictions on visiting, such as those widely implemented in healthcare settings during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the US, several strategies have been deployed to work around the restrictions on family presence in hospitals, most of which focused on communication between the patient and family, and collaboration between the family and the healthcare team. Sharp Memorial Hospital, an acute care hospital in San Diego CA, US, was determined to maintain its person-centred care practices during the pandemic. A Family Resource Centre started operating in March 2020 with the aim of enabling hospitalised patients and their families to connect in a safe manner. This article describes this innovative approach to maintaining person-centred care in hospital during restrictions on family presence.
Phonetic and Phonological Fieldwork

Peter Ladefoged has said that there is, “nothing more ephemeral than the sounds of a language. The sounds will live only as long as the language is spoken. When the sounds are those of elderly speakers whose children belong to another world, then soon those sounds will be gone forever. All that can remain are whatever records we have been able to archive.”Understood in this light, we recognize that efficient recording and accurate phonetic transcription is of the utmost importance for ­language documentation. Also, we know that a carefully transcribed corpus is the basis for reliable phonological analysis. So whether the goals are language documentation or language description, there is no room for sloppy phonetic fieldwork.
WE-B-Exhibit Hall-01: Ask the RO-ILS Experts

Have a question about RO-ILS: Radiation Oncology Incident Learning System™, or interested in learning more? Sponsored by the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and AAPM, RO-ILS is the only medical specialty society-sponsored incident learning system for radiation oncology. It facilitates safer and higher quality care in radiation oncology by providing a mechanism for shared learning in a secure and non-punitive environment. Please join our RO-ILS experts for a question and answer session on Wednesday, July 15th at 8:30 in the Partners in Solutions Room in Exhibit Hall C. Our experts include: Gary Ezzell, PhD, Mayo Clinic Arizona, [Brett Miller, Phillip Beron, and Derek Brown], Emily Sanscrainte from Clarity PSO and Cindy Tomlinson, MPP, ASTRO.
Examining Students’ Proportional Reasoning Strategy Levels as Evidence of the Impact of an Integrated LEGO Robotics and Mathematics Learning Experience

In many school districts in the United States, the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010) outline what students should understand and be able to do in their study of mathematics. These standards are composed of content standards and practice standards that must be connected in order to allow students to engage more deeply with the subject matter. Engagement and learning in context can support understanding in a couple of ways. The first is by increasing student motivation and interest in the curriculum itself. The second is by enhancing transfer of learning through the demonstration of connections between abstract mathematics and real-world problems. Students must be prepared to apply this knowledge in multiple external situations, often through creative and personally meaningful situations, as well as to learn to address mathematical problems in a variety of situations and contexts. The presented study used a problem-solving experience in engineering design with LEGO robotics materials as the real-world mathematics-learning context. The goals of the study were (a) to determine if a short but intensive extracurricular learning experience would lead to significant student learning of a particular academic topic and (b) to explore the differences in mathematical problem-solving strategies used by students when solving problems of ratio and proportion in two different learning environments. It was important to first determine if indeed a short-term but intensive extracurricular learning experience could be effective, given the reliance of such an experience as the framework for conducting the educational research. The experimental research explored student learning in mathematics but deliberately limited the specific topic of exploration to integrated concepts of proportional reasoning within LEGO robotics challenges in engineering design. The impact of this experience upon students’ proportional reasoning was measured and is described with a focus on proportional reasoning strategy levels. Two research questions guided this study: Research Question 1: Can a significant change in students’ understanding of ratio and proportion take place during a short but intense learning experience? Research Question 2: How do students’ demonstrated proportional reasoning strategy level use compare for students learning ratio and proportion concepts within the integrated LEGO robotics and mathematics program versus when using a traditional textbook-based mathematics program? A prior study by the author (Martinez Ortiz, 2011) describes the comparison of resulting student group performance based only on correct answers to proportional reasoning questions.
Role of protein prenyltransferases in modifying effectors from infectious bacterium (739.7)

Protein prenylation is an important post-translational modification. Many G-proteins, such as Ras and Rho, are prenylated in order to anchor them to the cell membrane. Protein farnesyltransferase (...
Dicumarol in the treatment of antenatal thrombo-embolic disease; report of a case with hemorrhagic manifestations in the fetus.

Abstract 1.1. A case of recurrent thrombo-embolic disease, occuring in a pregnant woman during the last two and one half months of her gestation, is reported. 2.2. The patient was treated continuously with dicumarol and on the 53rd day, after receiving 3,750 mg., the fetus died in utero. 3.3. Pathologic examination of the fetus revealed that death was due to hemorrhage, apparently caused by dicumarol. 4.4. Attention is drawn to the danger of fetal death from hemorrhage, which may result from the administration of dicumarol during the antenatal period.
Scalable Group Key Management for Secure Multicast: A Taxonomy and New Directions

Many multicast-based applications (e.g., pay-per-view, online auction, and teleconferencing) require a secure communication model to prevent disclosure of distributed data to unauthorized users. One solution for achieving this goal is to let all members in a group share a key that is used for encrypting data. To provide backward and forward confidentiality [23] (i.e., a new member should not be allowed to decrypt the earlier communication and a revoked user should not be able to decrypt the future communication), this shared group key should be updated and redistributed to all authorized members in a secure, reliable, and timely fashion upon a membership change. This process is referred to as group rekeying.
SU-E-T-114: Analysis of MLC Errors On Gamma Pass Rates for Patient-Specific and Conventional Phantoms

Purpose: To evaluate whether a 3D patient-specific phantom is better able to detect known MLC errors in a clinically delivered treatment plan than conventional phantoms. 3D printing may make fabrication of such phantoms feasible. Methods: Two types of MLC errors were introduced into a clinically delivered, non-coplanar IMRT, partial brain treatment plan. First, uniformly distributed random errors of up to 3mm, 2mm, and 1mm were introduced into the MLC positions for each field. Second, systematic MLC-bank position errors of 5mm, 3.5mm, and 2mm due to simulated effects of gantry and MLC sag were introduced. The original plan was recalculated with these errors on the original CT dataset as well as cylindrical and planar IMRT QA phantoms. The original dataset was considered to be a perfect 3D patient-specific phantom. The phantoms were considered to be ideal 3D dosimetry systems with no resolution limitations. Results: Passing rates for Gamma Index (3%/3mm and no dose threshold) were calculated on the 3D phantom, cylindrical phantom, and both on a composite and field-by-field basis for the planar phantom. Pass rates for 5mm systematic and 3mm random error were 86.0%, 89.6%, 98% and 98.3% respectively. For 3.5mm systematic and 2mm random error the pass rates were 94.7%, 96.2%, 99.2% and 99.2% respectively. For 2mm systematic error with 1mm random error the pass rates were 99.9%, 100%, 100% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: A 3D phantom with the patient anatomy is able to discern errors, both severe and subtle, that are not seen using conventional phantoms. Therefore, 3D phantoms may be beneficial for commissioning new treatment machines and modalities, patient-specific QA and end-to-end testing.
New roles of calsequestrin and triadin in cardiac muscle

Cardiac calsequestrin (Casq2) and triadin are proteins located in specialized areas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) where the SR forms junctions with the sarcolemma (junctional SR). Casq2, triadin and junctin form a protein complex that is associated with cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) SR Ca2+ release channels. This review highlights new insights of the roles of triadin and Casq2 derived from gene-targeted knock-out and knock-in mouse models that have recently become available. Characterization of the mouse models suggests that Casq2's contribution to SR Ca2+ storage and release during excitation–contraction coupling is largely dispensable. Casq2's primary role appears to be in protecting the heart against premature Ca2+ release and triggered arrhythmias. Furthermore, both cardiac Casq2 and triadin are important for the structural organization of the SR, which had previously not been recognized. In particular, ablation of triadin causes a 50% reduction in the extent of the junctional SR, which results in impaired excitation–contraction coupling at the level of the myocyte. While catecholamines could normalize contractile function by increasing ICa and SR Ca2+ content, it comes at the price of an increased risk for spontaneous Ca2+ releases in triadin knock-out myocytes and catecholamine-induced ventricular arrhythmias in triadin knock-out mice.
The Effect of a Translating Research into Practice (TRIP)-Cancer Intervention on Cancer Pain Management in Older Adults in Hospice

Pain is a major concern for individuals with cancer, particularly older adults who make up the largest segment of individuals with cancer and have some of the most unique pain challenges. One of the priorities of hospice is to provide a pain free death, and while outcomes are better in hospice, patients still die with poorly controlled pain. Objective This paper reports on the results of a Translating Research Into Practice intervention designed to promote the adoption of evidence-based pain practices for older adults with cancer in community-based hospice.
Phorbol ester-induced apoptosis of C4-2 cells requires both a unique and a redundant protein kinase C signaling pathway.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) potently induces apoptosis of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Here, we show that C4-2 cells, androgen-hypersensitive derivatives of LNCaP cells, also are sensitive to PMA-induced apoptosis. Previous reports have implicated activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes α and δ in PMA-induced LNCaP apoptosis using overexpression, pharmacological inhibitors, and dominant-negative constructs, but have left unresolved if other isozymes are involved, if there are separate requirements for individual PKC isozymes, or if there is redundancy. We have resolved these questions in C4-2 cells using stable expression of short hairpin RNAs to knock down expression of specific PKC isozymes individually and in pairs. Partial knockdown of PKCδ inhibited PMA-induced C4-2 cell death almost completely, whereas near-complete knockdown of PKCα had no effect. Knockdown of PKCϵ alone had no effect, but simultaneous knockdown of both PKCα and PKCϵ in C4-2 cells that continued to express normal levels of PKCδ inhibited PMA-induced apoptosis. Thus, our data indicate that there is an absolute requirement for PKCδ in PMA-induced C4-2 apoptosis but that the functions of PKCα and PKCϵ in apoptosis induction are redundant, such that either one (but not both) is required. Investigation of PMA-induced events required for LNCaP and C4-2 apoptosis revealed that p38 activation is dependent on PKCδ, whereas induction of retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation requires both PKC signaling pathways and is downstream of p38 activation in the PKCδ pathway.
Inefficiency of Collusion at English Auctions

In its attempts to deter and prosecute big rigging, U.S. antitrust authorities have focused on sealed-bid procurements, rather than on ascending-bid auctions. One possible justification for this focus is the idea, supported by the existing theoretical literature, that collusion creates inefficiency at sealed-bid auctions, but not at ascending-bid auctions. We show when there is no pre-auction communication and the collusive mechanism satisfies ex-post budget balance, collusion does affect efficiency. In particular, any collusive mechanism that increases cartel members' expected payoffs relative to non-cooperative play results in inefficiency either in the allocation among cartel members or in the allocation between cartel and non-cartel bidders, or both.
Non-destructive semi-quantitative determination of acetylene reduction in the field

Direct injection of acetylene into soil around plant roots, followed by determination of ethylene/acetylene ratios in the soil atmosphere has been tested as a rapid, non-destructive method of estimating acetylene reducing activity. In pots of artificial media as well as in field soil, the ratios determined within 10 min. after injection were significantly correlated with the rates of acetylenedependent ethylene production in detached roots. The method may be useful in preliminary screening of large numbers of plant-bacteria combinations.
Metathesis studies to cyclic enol phosphonamidates

Abstract The development of cyclic, six membered enol phosphonamidates utilizing the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction is discussed. Phosphonamidic monochloridates are generated and further functionalized to an array of acyclic, enol phosphonamidates. Subsequent metathesis affords both desired RCM product and corresponding cross metathesis (CM) dimer. Efforts to optimize formation of desired RCM product, while minimizing CM products are discussed, with interesting steric and electronic factors governing reactivity patterns. This strategy allows for generation of cyclic enol phosphonamidates, with ultimate application to C(6)-substituted analogs of the anti-cancer agent, cyclophosphamide.
Estimation and Identification of Space-Time ARMAX Models in the Presence of Missing Data

Abstract A method for modeling and fitting multivariate spatial time series data based on current spatial methodology coupled with the parameterization of the ARMAX model is presented. Because of the physical constraints imposed on multivariate data collection in both space and time, the estimation and identification procedures tolerate general patterns of missing or incomplete data.
The stability of a reactive flash

In this paper, we study the steady state behavior of an isobaric, adiabatic reactive flash for a binary mixture. The presence of vapor–liquid equilibrium can remove or create multiple steady states. For example, a system that does not have multiple steady states in a one-phase CSTR can display multiple steady states as a two-phase reactive flash unit. Both steady state input multiplicity (i.e., multiple values of input resulting in one value of output) and output multiplicity (i.e., one value of input resulting in multiple values of output) are possible. The existence of multiple steady states and their stability properties are related to a dimensionless quantity, Λ, that depends on the heats of reaction and vaporization as well as the compositions in the system. The results are illustrated in several examples.
Suppression of bleomycin-induced nitric oxide production in mice by taurine and niacin.

The effects of taurine (T) and niacin (N) on the influx of inflammatory cells and nitric oxide (NO) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA and iNOS protein in lungs were evaluated in the bleomycin (BL)-mouse model of lung fibrosis. Mice were placed into four groups: saline-instilled (SA) with a control diet (CD) (SA + CD); saline-instilled with TN (1% taurine in water + 2.5% (w/w) niacin in diet) (SA + TN); BL-instilled with CD (BL + CD); and BL-instilled with TN treatment (BL + TN). There was no difference in differential cell counts in BALF between the SA + CD and SA + TN control groups. Intratracheal instillation (IT) of BL (0.1 U/mouse) in mice stimulated an early influx of neutrophils followed by an increase in lymphocytes and macrophages in the BL + CD group. Taurine and niacin treatment significantly reduced the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the BL + TN group and caused significant reductions in BL-induced increases in the lung hydroxyproline content at 14 and 21 days in the BL + TN group. The mice in the SA + CD and SA + TN control groups had low levels of NO in BALF, whereas mice in the BL + CD group as compared to the SA + CD control group had elevated levels of NO from day 3 through day 21. Taurine and niacin treatment caused significant reductions in BL-induced increases in NO levels in BALF from mice in the BL + TN group at 7, 14, and 21 days as compared to the corresponding BL + CD group. The increases in NO levels in BALF from the BL + CD group were associated with elevated levels of iNOS gene expression and protein in the lungs. RT-PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from the lungs indicated that taurine and niacin treatment suppressed the BL-induced increases in iNOS message and iNOS protein. The ability of taurine and niacin to suppress the BL-induced increased production of NO secondary to decreases in iNOS mRNA and protein appears to be one of the mechanisms for their anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects.
Hybridization properties of human X-chromosomal RNA transcripts from murine--human hybrids.

A human-mouse hybrid cell line which has retained the human X chromosome and a fragment of chromosome 2 contains RNA sequences transcribed from human DNA. Nuclear RNA enriched for human sequences was prepared from this hybrid cell line by a multistep hybridization procedure to mouse and human DNA immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. The properties of this RNA were analyzed by RNA-DNA hybridization techniques. The results indicate that we have pre pared a RNA fraction enriched for sequences homologous to repeated DNA sequences of the human X chromosome.
Integrated separation scheme for measuring a suite of fission and activation products from a fresh mixed fission and activation product sample

Mixed fission and activation materials resulting from various nuclear processes and events contain a wide range of isotopes for analysis spanning almost the entire periodic table. This work describes the production of a complex synthetic sample containing fission products, activation products, and irradiated soil, and determines the percent chemical recovery of select isotopes through the integrated chemical separation scheme. Based on the results of this experiment, a complex synthetic sample can be prepared with low atom/fission ratios and isotopes of interest accurately and precisely measured following an integrated chemical separation method.
Effects of modeled tropical sea surface temperature variability on coral reef bleaching predictions

Future widespread coral bleaching and subsequent mortality has been projected using sea surface temperature (SST) data derived from global, coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs). While these models possess fidelity in reproducing many aspects of climate, they vary in their ability to correctly capture such parameters as the tropical ocean seasonal cycle and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability. Such weaknesses most likely reduce the accuracy of pre- dicting coral bleaching, but little attention has been paid to the important issue of understanding potential errors and biases, the interaction of these biases with trends, and their propagation in predictions. To analyze the relative impor- tance of various types of model errors and biases in pre- dicting coral bleaching, various intra- and inter-annual frequency bands of observed SSTs were replaced with those frequencies from 24 GCMs 20th century simulations included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th assessment report. Subsequent thermal stress was calculated and predictions of bleaching were made. These predictions were compared with observations of coral bleaching in the period 1982-2007 to calculate accuracy using an objective measure of forecast quality, the Peirce skill score (PSS). Major findings are that: (1) predictions are most sensitive to the seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability in the ENSO 24-60 months frequency band and (2) because models tend to understate the seasonal cycle at reef locations, they systematically underestimate future bleaching. The methodology we describe can be used to improve the accuracy of bleaching predictions by characterizing the errors and uncertainties involved in the predictions.
Protection against intense light. III. The use of commercial dyes in thermal protection

Experimental evidence is offered showing that commercial dyes can be used to provide protection against intense light energy. An estimate of the amount of material required/cm2 to protect the skin, clothing, or houses is given.
Security in deeply divided societies: The role of territorial autonomy

(1999). Security in deeply divided societies: The role of territorial autonomy. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics: Vol. 5, Identity and Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies, pp. 254-271.
Safety in intimate partnerships: The role of appraisals and threat

For most intimate partners, safety is an important goal and basic need. How a partner perceives safety has an impact on what happens in the relationship, and this will in turn affect the responses from the other partner. Lack of safety can provoke negative emotions and actions which can lead to relationship deterioration and violence. However, little is known about this process from the insider’s perspective. In this study, constructivist grounded theory methods were used to analyze interviews from individuals (n = 37) to better understand individual appraisals of relational safety. The results include a theory that illustrates the process of relational safety and threat. This model articulates how certain relational conditions precede a perception of safety or threat, which then leads to corresponding actions. Implications of the model include a focus on interaction and context when assessing for safety and abuse, as well as the importance of self regulation.
Extraocular Muscle Surgery for Dysthyroid Myopathy

A series of 45 patients underwent extraocular muscle surgery for diplopia induced by dysthyroid myopathy. Two thirds (31) of the patients were female and age distribution showed a peak (47%) in the sixth decade of life. The most common deviation was pure hypotropia; a combination of hypotropia and esotropia was also frequent. Initial surgical intervention restored binocularity in primary position in 30 patients and in reading position in 27 patients. After further surgery in some cases, 40 patients eventually achieved satisfactory alignment in primary position and 36 achieved it in reading position.
Hallie Quinn Brown: Black woman elocutionist

Halite Quinn Brown was a prominent elocutionist, teacher, and political leader whose life spanned the last half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth. Her career has been neglected by scholars, and some of her more significant activities are reviewed here. The importance of her speaking, performing, writing, and political involvement is demonstrated.
EFFECT OF BRINING AND COOKING PROCEDURE ON TENDERNESS OF SPENT HENS

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of brining and cooking procedures on the tenderness of spent hens. These experiments included tests on the effect of brining and cooking procedure on 84-wk-old hens; effect of brining on the tenderness of 39, 84 and 108-wk-old hens; and the effect of force molt or low salt diet as well as brining on the tenderness of meat from 108-wk-old hens. Shear values were significantly lower for both light and dark meat from brined hens. Light meat from both brined and unbrined birds was significantly more tender than dark meat. Cooking procedures did not appear to affect tenderness of light meat, but smoked dark meat was significantly more tender than oven-roasted dark meat. Feeding a low salt diet or force molting did not significantly affect the tenderness of meat from 108-wk-old hens.
How Much of Monthly Subsurface Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Can Be Recovered by the Specification of Sea Surface Temperatures

AbstractThe focus of the analysis is to investigate the question to what extent the specification of sea surface temperature (SST) in coupled model integration can impart realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial tropical Pacific. In the context of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction, the analysis is of importance from two aspects: such a system can be considered as a simple coupled ocean data assimilation system that can provide ocean initial conditions; and what additional components of the ocean observing system may be crucial for skillful ENSO prediction.The results indicate that coupled model integration where SST is continuously nudged toward the observed state can generate a realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature. The evolution of slow variability related to ENSO, in particular, has a good resemblance against the observational counterpart. The realism of subsurface ocean temperature variability is highest near the date line and least in the far ea...
Immune Profiling of BALB/C and C57BL/6 Mice Reveals a Correlation Between Ureaplasma parvum-Induced Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome-Like Pathology and Increased Placental Expression of TLR2 and CD14

Problem Both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are susceptible to intrauterine infection with Ureaplasma parvum, but only protypical TH2/M2 BALB/c mice develop severe chorioamnionitis, fetal infection, and fetal inflammatory response syndrome-like (FIRS) pathology. Method of study Microscopy, gene expression analysis, and ELISA were used to identify placental innate immune responses relevant to macrophage polarity, severe chorioamnionitis, and fetal infection. Results Both mouse strains exhibited a pro-M2 cytokine profile at the maternal/fetal interface. In BALB/c mice, expression of CD14 and TLRs 1, 2, 6 was increased in infected placentas; TLR2 and CD14 were localized to neutrophils. Increased TLR2/CD14 was also observed in BALB/c syncytiotrophoblasts in tissues with pathological evidence of FIRS. In contrast, expression in C57BL/6 placentas was either unchanged or down-regulated. Conclusion Our findings show a link between increased syncytiotrophoblast expression of CD14/TLR2 and FIRS-like pathology in BALB/c mice. Functional studies are required to determine if CD14 is contributing to fetal morbidity during chorioamnionitis.
Challenges Facing the Foodservice Industry

Abstract Restaurant managers and other foodservice operators are increasingly approaching researchers and land grant institutions to seek solutions for some of their problems. The capacity of research institutions to solve the problems of foodservice operators is limited by a lack of understanding of the issues and a lack of societal incentives to address such issues. This study reports the results of a university's efforts to better understand the problems facing the foodservice industry. As part of the study, the researchers conducted a focus group of industry leaders. The researchers end with an overview of problems facing the foodservice industry.
The Abuse of Animals and Domestic Violence: A National Survey of Shelters for Women who are Battered

The maltreatment of animals, usually companion animals, may occur in homes where there is domestic violence, yet we have limited information about the prevalence of such maltreatment. We surveyed the largest shelters for women who are battered in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Shelters were selected if they provided overnight facilities and programs or services for children. Ninety-six percent of the shelters responded. Analysis revealed that it is common for shelters to serve women and children who talk about companion animal abuse. However, only a minority of respondents indicated that they systematically ask about companion animal maltreatment in their intake interview. We discuss the implications of these results for domestic violence programs, animal welfare organizations, and programs serving children of women who are battered by their partners.
Mild stress influences sex differences in exploratory and amphetamine-enhanced activity in rats.

Abstract The locomotor activity of experimentally naive male and female rats was monitoried in a novel environment during two sessions one week apart. Half of the animals were handled for 5 days before testing, and all animals were injected before each activity session either with saline or with d -amphetamine (0.25 mg/kg). Overall, there were no sex differences in activity. However, activity was increased both by prior handling and by amphetamine treatment, and these effects were larger in females than in males. The finding that the activity-increasing effects of handling were greater in females than in males suggested that sex differences in behavior may be influenced by previous experience and that this should be considered in the design of behavioral experiments involving naive animals.
THE STABILIZATION OF SERUM LIPID EMULSIONS BY SERUM PHOSPHOLIPIDS

Clarity of high lipid sera is closely correlated with elevated proportions of serum phospholipids, and lipemia (milkiness) with low proportions of phospholipids. Clear high lipid sera occur uniquely in obstructive jaundice, both intra- and extrahepatic in origin. Destruction of the polar nature of serum "lecithin" by enzymatic hydrolysis, using Cl. welchii lecithinase, results in a degree of lipemia which is linearly proportional to total lipid content in clear or lipemic high lipid or normal lipid sera. Even in grossly lipemic sera, a significant proportion of the serum lipids is masked in particles of invisible size. Enzymatic removal of the stabilizing properties of serum "lecithin" unmasks this hitherto invisible fraction. The concentration of serum phospholipids available for complex formation with serum proteins appears to be an important factor in determining particle size of serum lipids and hence of their occurrence in serum as masked or as visible particles. The implications of these findings for studies of the genesis of atheromatosis are discussed.
A comparative analysis of kernel subspace target detectors for hyperspectral imagery

Several linear and nonlinear detection algorithms that are based on spectral matched (subspace) filters are compared. Nonlinear (kernel) versions of these spectral matched detectors are also given and their performance is compared with linear versions. Several well-known matched detectors such as matched subspace detector, orthogonal subspace detector, spectral matched filter, and adaptive subspace detector are extended to their corresponding kernel versions by using the idea of kernel-based learning theory. In kernel-based detection algorithms the data is assumed to be implicitly mapped into a high-dimensional kernel feature space by a nonlinear mapping, which is associated with a kernel function. The expression for each detection algorithm is then derived in the feature space, which is kernelized in terms of the kernel functions in order to avoid explicit computation in the high-dimensional feature space. Experimental results based on simulated toy examples and real hyperspectral imagery show that the kernel versions of these detectors outperform the conventional linear detectors.
Longitudinal influence of mother's child-feeding practices on adiposity in children.

Objective Parental child-feeding practices are potentially significant determinants of body weight in youth. To date, research has focused on white middle class mother-child dyads. This study examines the longitudinal influences of child-feeding practices with time on total fat mass in white and African American boys and girls. Study design Seventy-four white children (49 girls, 25 boys) and 47 African American children (25 girls, 22 boys; mean age at baseline, 11.0 years) and their mothers participated in this study. Child-feeding practices were measured with the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Total fat mass was measured by means of Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry on a yearly basis. The average follow-up period was 2.7 years. Results Pressure to eat and concern for the child's weight in white participants and restriction and concern for the child's weight in African American participants were significantly related to total fat mass at baseline. Concern for the child's weight was negatively related to the change of total fat mass with time in white participants. No longitudinal effects of child feeding practices on the change of total fat mass were found in African American participants. Conclusion Parental concern for weight is a predictor of change in total fat mass with time in white children, but not African American children.
No-carrier-added radiohalogenations utilizing organoboranes: The synthesis of iodine-123 labeled curcumin

The use of organoborane intermediates for radiohalogenations is briefly reviewed. The synthesis of an iodine-123 labeled curcumin derivative using a newly developed radio-iodination technique is reported.
Integral method solution of time-dependent strained diffusion-reaction layers with multistep kinetics

Multiple coupled chemical reactions occurring within strained diffusion layers are key to a wide range of reactive flow problems. An integral approach is presented here to allow calculations of global properties of such reactive layers for complex multistep chemical kinetics and time-varying strain rates. The infinite-degree-of-freedom partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the dynamics of the species concentration profiles for reactants, intermediates, and products as well as the temperature are projected onto a set of ordinary differential equations having just a few degrees of freedom for the evolution of integral moments of these profiles. The presence of multistep reaction kinetics leads to a set of highly coupled nonlinear moment equations. Numerical solutions are presented for four-step methane-air kinetics coupled with thermal nitric oxide kinetics and are compared with direct solutions of the original PDEs. Some properties and numerical illustrations of key features of the internal layer...
Matrix isolation investigation of the reaction products of trimethylgallium with CH3OH, CH3SH and H2S

Abstract The 1:1 molecular adducts of trimethylgallium with methanol, methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide were isolated and characterized for the first time using the matrix isolation technique with FT-IR detection. Spectral analysis showed these adducts to be less strongly bound than the complexes of (CH3)3Ga with the group VI dimethyl compounds (e.g. (CH3)2O). Evidence was obtained for loss of the C3 symmetry axis in the complex, as well as for a distortion from planarity of the GaC3 skeleton. Spectral shifts upon complex formation for these complexes, and those studied previously, correlate well with the proton affinity of the base subunit in the complex.
Depressed T cell colony growth in systemic lupus erythematosus

Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood T lymphocytes, plated in agar, are capable of forming discrete lymphoid colonies. In 35 normal subjects, the average number of colonies was 6,020 +/- 351 (SEM). By contrast, in 39 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the mean colony number was 2,774 +/- 384, a value significantly less than controls (P less than 0.001). Normal responses were measured in 5 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and in 7 of 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Colony growth in SLE showed a strong correlation with disease activity but did not correlate with responses of blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in suspension cultures, the number of circulating T cells, or serologic abnormalities.
A Homogeneous Catalyst for Reduction of Optically Active Esters to the Corresponding Chiral Alcohols without Loss of Optical Purities

A ruthenium complex was found to catalyze the hydrogen reduction of esters under mild and neutral conditions. A variety of optically active esters can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols in excellent yield without loss of their optical purity or causing undesirable side reactions. Hydrogen reduction needs such simple operations - reaction, concentration, and purification - that the violent quench step and extraction step, which accompany conventional sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride reduction, can be omitted.
Pseudokinases: functional insights gleaned from structure.

Pseudokinases are an intriguing group inside the large protein kinase family. Lacking the highly conserved catalytic machinery, they can be still important for multiple functions in living cells. The structures of two pseudokinases VRK3 (Scheeff et al., 2009) and ROP2 (Labesse et al., 2009), presented in this issue of Structure, shed light on the internal machinery of these unique molecules. Structural information allows us to go beyond sequence alone in the analysis of these pseudokinases.
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in "previously untreated" hypertensive blacks after 6 months of blood pressure reduction with alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade and thiazide therapy.

In 10 hypertensive black patients who were “previously untreated” (defined as no antihypertensive therapy for a minimum of 12 months prior to enrollment) and who had LVH (defined by an increase in both wall thickness and echocardiographically determined LV mass), we studied the effects of treatment with either labetalol, an alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocker (three patients), or labetalol plus hydrochlorothiazide (seven patients). After 6 months of effective antihypertensive therapy, three was a 12% decrease in LV mass for the entire group. However, the extent of LVH regression was highly variable among individual patients.