cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A phase II evaluation of goserelin and bicalutamide in patients with ovarian cancer in second or higher complete clinical disease remission.

BACKGROUND. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of goserelin and bicalutamide on progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who were in second or greater complete disease remission. METHODS. Patients received bicalutamide at a dose of 50 mg orally daily and goserelin at a dose of 3.6 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks. CA 125 was obtained monthly, with computed tomography performed every 3 months. Correlative studies included serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, vascular endothelial growth factor, free testosterone, and androstenedione and the germline polymorphisms CYP19A1 and androgen receptor. RESULTS. Between October of 2000 and October of 2002, 35 patients were enrolled. Three patients (9%) received therapy at the time of first disease remission and were removed from the study, and 1 patient (3%) was removed for liver function test abnormalities. The most frequent toxicities were grade 1 alkaline phosphatase (54%), fatigue (57%), and hot flashes (42%) based on the National Cancer Institute common toxicity scale, version 2.0. The PFS for patients receiving protocol therapy in second disease remission (21 patients) was 11.4 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 10.2–12.6 months). The PFS for patients receiving protocol therapy in third or fourth disease remission (11 patients) was 11.9 months (95% CI, 10.8–14.1 months). The percentage of patients remaining in second disease remission at given times are: 100% at 3 months, 100% at 6 months, 72% at 9 months, 47% at 12 months, 28% at 15 months, 22% at 18 months, 19% at 21 months, and 13% at 24 months. There were no associations noted between androgen receptor repeat number, genotype, allelotype, or haplotypes and PFS. CONCLUSIONS. The use of goserelin and bicalutamide did not appear to prolong PFS in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in second or greater complete disease remission. The number of patients in disease remission at given time points may serve as a clinical trial endpoint for future studies of consolidation therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Succinate stimulation of normal and tumor tissue slice metabolism measured by reduction of tetrazolium chloride.

SummaryStudies were made of the endogenous and succinate stimulated in vitro reduction of TTC by tissue slices from various human normal and cancer tissues as well as liver, kidney and spleen slices of control and tumor bearing mice. The per cent stimulation by succinate was not found to differ significantly in normal and tumor tissues. These findings were compared with previous studies of oxidative stimulation by succinate. It was also found shown that the presence of a tumor did not change the endogenous or succinate stimulated dehydrogenase activity of the liver, kidney or spleen of mice as measured by the TTC technique.
Multiple Active Oxidants in Cytochrome P-450 Model Oxidations

We report evidence for the existence of distinct active oxidizing species in a cytochrome P-450 model system. Competitive oxidations of alkane substrates were carried out using [5,10,15,20-tetrakis...
The Transient Reliability Behavior of Series Systems or Superimposed Renewal Processes

In studying the waiting times between failures of a series system whose components fail independently and are replaced upon failure, it is well known that for large systems in time equilibrium, the distribution of waiting times is approximately exponential. Correction terms are available to account for the finite number of components. Here, correction terms are developed for the finite age of the system as well. Also numerical studies are presented indicating the magnitude of the error in reliability predictions based on the assumption of time equilibrium when system age is really finite.
An mRNA vaccine for influenza.

An influenza vaccine made of stabilized mRNA may allow vaccine design and manufacture to keep pace with viral evolution.
Automatic correction of in-plane bulk motion artifacts in self-navigated radial MRI

Radial MRI is typically used for scans that are sensitive to unavoidable motion. While the translational motion artifact can be easily removed from the radial trajectory data by phase correction, correction of rotational motion still remains a challenge in radial MRI. We present a novel method to refocus the image corrupted by view-to-view motion in the view-interleaved radial MRI data. In this method, the error in rotational view angles was modeled as a polynomial function of the view order and the model parameters were estimated by minimizing the self-navigator image metrics such as image entropy, gradient entropy, normalized gradient squared and mean square difference. Translational motion correction was conducted by aligning the projection profiles. Simulation studies were conducted to demonstrate the robustness of both translational and rotational motion correction methods in different noise levels. The proposed method was successfully applied to correct for motion of healthy subjects. Substantial motion correction with relative error of less than 5% was achieved by using either first- or second-order model with the image metrics. This study demonstrates the potential of the method for motion-sensitive applications.
Revealing cascading failure vulnerability in power grids using risk-graph

Security issues related to power grid networks have attracted the attention of researchers in many fields. Recently, a new network model that combines complex network theories with power flow models was proposed. This model, referred to as the extended model, is suitable for investigating vulnerabilities in power grid networks. In this paper, we study cascading failures of power grids under the extended model. Particularly, we discover that attack strategies that select target nodes (TNs) based on load and degree do not yield the strongest attacks. Instead, we propose a novel metric, called the risk graph, and develop novel attack strategies that are much stronger than the load-based and degree-based attack strategies. The proposed approaches and the comparison approaches are tested on IEEE 57 and 118 bus systems and Polish transmission system. The results demonstrate that the proposed approaches can reveal the power grid vulnerability in terms of causing cascading failures more effectively than the comparison approaches.
Compliance effects on small diameter polyurethane graft patency

Microporous compliance matched and noncompliant grafts were compared in a dog carotid artery interposition model. We fabricated 4 mm diameter sponge type polyurethane (Biomer) tubes 5 cm in length with a 0.5 mm wall thickness. The luminal surface was covered with a 50 μm coating of cross-linked gelatin. Compliance was measured in vitro and in vivo by volume and vessel diameter changes. Over a mean arterial pressure range of 55–155 mm Hg, the diameter changes of grafts and stump arteries were measured in situ using an ultrasonic Hokanson device. Compliance matched grafts were found to have the same in vitro compliance values as the natural canine carotid at a mean arterial pressure of 100 mm Hg. Compliance matched and noncompliant grafts had values of 10.3 ± 1.3 and 0.9 ± 0.1 × 10−2 mm Hg, respectively. End to end arterial anastomoses were constructed between the graft and the host arteries. The use of synthetic grafts with matched compliance to the adjacent natural vessels has been advocated as the ideal solution to circumvent the problems of graft failure. These studies indicate that compliance values for compliance matched grafts decreased immediately after implantation (from 10.3 to 6.5 × 10−2 %/mm Hg) and within 6 weeks decreased to 3.6 × 10−2 %/mm Hg. The compliance values for noncompliant grafts remained constant throughout the test period. At autopsy all grafts showed a tightly adhered tissue capsule. The thickness of the anastomotic hyperplasia at the distal sites of compliance matched grafts was significantly different (P < .05) than that of the adjacent artery. The patency for compliant and noncompliant grafts was 64% and 50%, respectively. Evidence for polyurethane graft degradation was obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography analysis of patent explants. Compliance mismatch alone does not contribute to graft failure, however, material degradation, suture technique and/or capsule formation can play a contributory role although these were not tested directly. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of negative ions in the RF plasma deposition of fluoropolymer films from perfluoropropane

RF plasma-deposited fluoropolymer films prepared from perfluoropropane were examined on a variety of metallic, glass, and polymeric substrates using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The F1s ESCA spectra of thin (< 100 A) depositions on some substrates exhibited a peak suggestive of ionic fluoride species. FTIR studies demonstrated the presence of bifluoride ion in some films. Angular-dependent ESCA studies indicated that these ionic species were not located at the outermost surface of the deposition but rather near the fluoropolymer-substrate interface. By depositing these fluoropolymer films on a large number of different metallic substrates, and comparing the results of thermal stability studies and solubility studies with literature descriptions of the properties of each of the respective fluoride salts, additional support for the identification of ionic fluoride species at the fluoropolymer-substrate interface was generated. The implications of this interfacial ionic zone for the adhesion of plasma-deposited fluoropolymer films to substrates are considered.
The Sociohistorical Significance of Two Chippewa Ceremonials1

TWO great ceremonials, the Feast of the Dead and the Midewiwin, were practiced in separate eras by the Saulteur (proto-Chippewa) of southern Lake Superior during the 17th and early 18th centuries. The abandonment of the Feast and the development of the Mide ceremonial reflected changes in the organization of Chippewa communities. It is the purpose here to relate ceremonial changes to alterations in the sociopolitical life of such communities.
Abstract 5156: Biochemical characterization of recombinant woodchuck vascular endothelium growth factor (wVEGF)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent and predominant angiogeneic signals. It binds receptors on blood vessels and stimulates proliferation, migration, survival and permeability of endothelial cells that form new vasculature for malignant tumors. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly VEGF-driven tumor and frequently occurs in the context of chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection. The woodchuck is a well characterized model of hepatitis B virus related HCC as it develops acute and chronic infection after neonatal infection with sera containing woodchuck hepatitis virus. This is a valuable model for translational studies of novel VEGF targeted agents as results may have great clinical relevance. We cloned a VEGF cDNA (wVEGF) from woodchuck liver tissue and transiently expressed it in COS-1 cells. A variety of parameters were measured to functionally characterize the wVEGF. Woodchuck cell lines, namely WCH17, WHK44 (woodchuck HCC), WC3 (woodchuck hepatocyte) and HepG2 cells were also characterized. The wVEGF peptide sequence was 94% identical to the human VEGFA. Two protein bands were detected in the supernatant (secreted) with molecular weights of approximately 25 and 17kDa, and a single band of 25kDa in the cell lysates. The major band observed in the cell lines was 25kD. The amount of wVEGF protein in the supernatant was 14-fold higher than in the lysate. The mRNA level in the cell lysate was significantly higher than was present in either the COS cells transfected with empty vector and also in the woodchuck and HepG2 cell lines. After 72 hours of stimulation with supernatant wVEGF, COS cells exhibited approximately 34% higher growth compared to cells in absence of wVEGF. The antiproliferative property of sunitinib, (a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) on COS cells overexpressing wVEGF showed similar IC 50 values for MTS assay 7.6±1.4 µM and for cell death (cell counts), 6.4±1.5 µM. In the cell lines, sensitivity to sunitinib ranked from WHK44 (4.5±1.2 µM) > WC3 (4.8±1.3 µM) >HepG2 (9.5±1.4 µM) >WCH17 (17.9±1.4 µM). In summary, the wVEGF was 94% identical in amino acid sequence to the human VEGF 189. It produced two protein bands that were associated with the supernatant after overexpressing the wVEGF in COS cells, one protein band was associated with the cell lysate. The wVEGF protein stimulated cell growth and exhibited sensitivity to the sunitinib with reduction in cell proliferation. (Support:American Cancer Society MRSG-08-096-01-CCE, Roswell Park Alliance Grant, PI Iyer) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5156. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5156
Quantum informational representations of entangled fermions and bosons

Presented is a second quantized technology for representing fermionic and bosonic entanglement in terms of generalized joint ladder operators, joint number operators, interchangers, and pairwise entanglement operators. The joint number operators generate conservative quantum logic gates that are used for pairwise entanglement in quantum dynamical systems. These are most useful for quantum computational physics. The generalized joint operator approach provides a pathway to represent the Temperley-Lieb algebra and to represent braid group operators for either fermionic or bosonic many-body quantum systems. Moreover, the entanglement operators allow for a representation of quantum measurement, quantum maps (associated with quantum Boltzmann equation dynamics), and for a way to completely and efficiently extract all accessible bits of joint information from entangled quantum systems in terms of quantum propositions.
ABSORPTION AND RETENTION OF FLUORIDE FROM INGESTED STANNOUS FLUORIDE DENTIFRICE.

Absorption, excretion, and skeletal retention of fluoride were studied in rats fed daily 1.0 mg. of fluoride from stannous fluoride and from a dentifrice containing stannous fluoride. Inhibiting effect of calcium ion accompanying ingested dentifrice upon absorption of fluoride from the intestinal tract was observed. Approximately 50.0 per cent of the ingested fluoride from stannous fluoride and 30.0 per cent of that from the dentifrice were absorbed. There was a steady increase in urinary excretion of fluoride as time progressed. The major portion of absorbed fluoride appeared to be retained in the skeleton. Femurs of rats receiving fluoride from stannous fluoride stored more fluoride than those receiving fluoride from dentifrice. The rats showed a diminishing ability to accumulate fluoride in their skeletons with increase in age.
Gel permeation chromatograms: Approximate relation of line shape to polymer polydispersity

Characteristics of gel permeation chromatograms are investigated for three molecular distribution functions assuming a linear relation between elution volume and the logarithm of solute molecular weight. The average molecular weight, Mgpc, determined by the peak position of a chromatogram lies between the Mw and Mn for a polydisperse polymer.
The small nuclear GTPase Ran: How much does it run?

Ran is one of the most abundant and best conserved of the small GTP binding and hydrolyzing proteins of eukaryotes. It is located predominantly in cell nuclei. Ran is a member of the Ras family of GTPases, which includes the Ras and Ras-like proteins that regulate cell growth and division, the Rho and Rac proteins that regulate cytoskeletal organization and the Rab proteins that regulate vesicular sorting. Ran differs most obviously from other members of the Ras family in both its nuclear localization, and its lack of sites required for post-translational lipid modification. Ran is, however, similar to other Ras family members in requiring a specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and a specific GTPase activating protein (GAP) as stimulators of overall GTPase activity. In this review, the multiple cellular functions of Ran are evaluated with respect to its known biochemistry and molecular interactions.
Increased vasodepressor effect of prostaglandins A1 and E1 in renal hypertensive rabbits.

Abstract In order to determine whether cardiovascular reactivity to exogenous prostaglandins is altered in hypertension, the hypotensive effects of increasing intravenous doses of PGA1 and PGE1 were assessed in conscious normotensive rabbits and in rabbits made hypertensive by wrapping both kidneys with cellophane. Similar experiments were carried out with nitroglycerin. Depressor responses to the prostaglandins, but not to nitroglycerin, were greater in hypertensive than in normotensive animals. The possibility of this enhanced responsiveness being related to the prostaglandin deficiency believed to exist in hypertension was explored in normotensive rabbits treated acutely with indomethacin. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor did not affect blood pressure responses to PGA1 or PGE1. Although these experiments do not rule out the possible influence of more prolonged prostaglandin deficiency on cardiovascular reactivity, a more apparent adrenergic inhibitory component of the hypotensive effect of prostaglandins in hypertensive animals was considered a likely alternative explanation for the phenomena observed.
Standard pentostatin dose reductions in renal insufficiency are not adequate: selected patients with steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease.

Background and Objective Pentostatin is an irreversible inhibitor of adenosine deaminase and has been used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and to treat both acute and chronic GVHD. Dose reduction equations for patients with renal insufficiency are based on few patients with limited pharmacokinetic and clinical results. This phase II study (NCT00201786) was conducted to assess pentostatin efficacy and infectious complications seen from our previous phase I study in steroid-refractory acute GVHD (aGVHD).
Educational Inequity from the Perspectives of Those Who Live It: Urban Middle School Students' Perspectives on the Quality of Their Education.

In interviews with over 250 urban young adolescents, many students make it clear that they are acutely aware of the educational inequities that exist in their schools and that these inequities are having a negative impact on their education. Student voice is used to highlight urban middle school students’ perspectives on the quality of their education particularly in terms of curricular issues, teacher quality, and lack of resources.
Investigating the metabolic capabilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the in silico strain iNJ661 and proposing alternative drug targets

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis continues to be a major pathogen in the third world, killing almost 2 million people a year by the most recent estimates. Even in industrialized countries, the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of tuberculosis hails the need to develop additional medications for treatment. Many of the drugs used for treatment of tuberculosis target metabolic enzymes. Genome-scale models can be used for analysis, discovery, and as hypothesis generating tools, which will hopefully assist the rational drug development process. These models need to be able to assimilate data from large datasets and analyze them.
Margaret Atwood's The Robber Bride: The Dialogic Moral of a Nietzschean Fairy Tale

Abstract Those who respect diversity and genuinely open dialogue appear at a disadvantage compared to those who take “us against them” positions. Openness to ambiguity seems to lack the power that fixed ideologies command. Particularly in the academy, intellectual skepticism and deconstruction are able to summon only a pale “positionality” compared to essentialist beliefs and values.
Sol-gel chemistry-based Ucon-coated columns for capillary electrophoresis.

Abstract A sol–gel chemistry-based novel approach for the preparation of a Ucon-coated fused-silica capillary column in capillary electrophoresis is presented. In this approach the sol–gel process is carried out inside 25 μm I.D. fused-silica capillaries. The sol solution contained appropriate quantities of an alkoxide-based sol–gel precursor, a polymeric coating material (Ucon), a crosslinking reagent, a surface derivatizing reagent, controlled amounts of water and a catalyst dissolved in a suitable solvent system. The coating procedure involves filling a capillary with the sol solution and allowing the sol–gel process to proceed for an optimum period. Hydrolysis of the alkoxide precursor and polycondensation of the hydrolyzed products with the surface silanol groups and the hydroxy-terminated Ucon molecules lead to the formation of a surface-bonded sol–gel coating on the inner walls of the capillary. The thickness of the coated film can be controlled by varying the reaction time, coating solution composition and experimental conditions. Commercial availability of high purity sol–gel precursors (e.g., TEOS 99.999%), the ease of coating, run-to-run and column-to-column reproducibility, and long column lifetimes make sol–gel coating chemistry very much suitable for being applied in analytical microseparations column technology. Test samples of basic proteins and nucleotides were used to evaluate the column performance. These results show that the sol–gel coating scheme has allowed for the generation of bio-compatible surfaces characterized by high separation efficiencies in CE. For different types of solutes, the sol–gel coated Ucon column consistently provided migration time R.S.D. values of the order of 0.5%.
Electrophoretic determination of haptoglobin as a hemoglobin complex.

Abstract Serum haptoglobin can be easily and rapidly determined following electrophoresis as a haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex on cellulose acetate. The procedure is based on the addition of a known amount of hemoglobin to the serum and separating the mixture by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. The membrane is fixed and scanned in a densitometer at 570 nm. The percent distribution of hemoglobin between the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex and free hemoglobin is used to quantitate the amount of haptoglobin. Haptoglobin levels of several types of liver diseases are also presented.
Building an Evidence Base for DSM-5 Conceptualizations of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder: Introduction to the Special Section

The DSM-5 ADHD and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Work Group recently outlined a research agenda designed to support possible revisions to the diagnostic criteria for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). Some of the areas in need of further investigation include (a) examining the clinical utility of the current diagnostic system in girls, (b) further clarifying the developmental progression from ODD to CD, (c) determining whether facets of ODD symptoms can help explain heterotypic continuity and enhance predictive validity, (d) evaluating the clinical utility of a new subtyping scheme for CD on the basis of the presence of callous-unemotional traits, and (e) comparing the clinical utility of dimensional versus categorical conceptualizations of ODD and CD. This special section was organized in an attempt to provide data on these issues using a diverse array of longitudinal data sets consisting of both epidemiological and clinic-based samples that collectively cover a large developmental span ranging from childhood through early adulthood.
Radiation-Induced Heart Disease: An Under-Recognized Entity?

Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) represents a spectrum of cardiovascular disease in patients who have undergone mediastinal, thoracic, or breast radiotherapy (RT). RIHD may involve any cardiac structure and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. While large cohort studies have demonstrated that symptomatic RIHD is a common late finding in this population, the incidence of asymptomatic disease is likely to be even higher. Long-term follow-up with regular screening for RIHD plays an important role in the management of cancer survivors who have undergone RT. Aggressive modification of traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cigarette smoking is essential in patients at risk for RIHD, as these have been shown to potentiate the risks of radiation. In patients with symptomatic RIHD, medical and/or percutaneous therapies are often preferable to surgical interventions in view of the increased surgical risk associated with radiation damage to surrounding tissues. Percutaneous revascularization should generally be favored over surgical revascularization. Transcatheter valve replacements have not been widely used in this population but may offer an alternative to high-risk surgical valve procedures. Pericardiectomy is usually associated with extremely poor short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with RIHD and should be avoided in most cases. Heart transplantation is also higher risk in patients with RIHD than in patients with other etiologies of heart failure, but may be considered in young patients without other comorbidities.
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Radial Glia Recapitulate Developmental Events and Provide Real-Time Access to Cortical Neurons and Astrocytes

Studies of human cerebral cortex development are limited by difficulties in accessing and manipulating human neural tissue at specific development stages. We have derived human radial glia (hRG), which are responsible for most cerebral cortex neurogenesis, from human pluripotent stem cells. These hRG display the hallmark morphological, cellular, and molecular features of radial glia in vitro. They can be passaged and generate layer-specific subtypes of cortical neurons in a temporal and passage-dependent fashion. In later passages, they adopt a distinct progenitor phenotype that gives rise to cortical astrocytes and GABAergic interneurons. These hRG are also capable of following developmental cues to engraft, differentiate, migrate, and integrate into the embryonic mouse cortex when injected into E14 lateral ventricles. Moreover, hRG-derived cells can be cryopreserved at specific stages and retain their stage-specific phenotypes and competence when revived. Our study demonstrates that cultured hRG maintain a cell-intrinsic clock that regulates the progressive generation of stage-specific neuronal and glial subtypes. It also describes an easily accessible cell source for studying hRG lineage specification and progression and an on-demand supply of specific cortical neuron subtypes and astrocytes.
Normal mode analysis of alanine dipeptide in the crystal conformation using a scaled ab initio force field

Abstract In a previous work (T.C. Cheam, J. Mol. Struct., 274 (1992) 289), scale factors for the ab initio 4–21 basis force constants of glycine dipeptide were refined to fit the IR data of Koyama and Shimanouchi (Biopolymers, 6 (1968) 1037) on the crystalline material and four deuterated derivatives. These scale factors have now been applied to the ab initio 4–21 force constants of a model complex of alanine dipeptide (ALA) hydrogen bonded to four water molecules. The optimized conformation of the ALA molecule, with (φ, ψ) = (−83.6°, 155.0°), was close to that in the crystal. The normal modes given by the scaled force field were compared with the Raman and IR spectra of polycrystalline ALA; the IR intensities were also computed. The agreement between observed and calculated frequencies was very satisfactory, with an average error of 9 cm −1 in the 200–1800 cm −1 region. An essentially complete assignment was mode of the modes above 200 cm −1 . It has therefore been demonstrated that the refined scale factors can be transferred to other hydrogen-bonded peptides, allowing reliable spectral predictions with a relatively small basis set.
Thyroxine metabolism and thyroid function in the cold-adapted rat.

Thyroid function and thyroxine (T4) metabolism were assessed in rats maintained at 4 or 22 C for at least 3 months. In the coldadapted rat, thyroidal uptake of iodine was increased up to 3-fold. Since total glandular iodine was unchanged, thyroid secretion rate was presumed to be similarly increased. The metabolism of T4 was studied in rats (KC104-treated to prevent 131I uptake by the thyroid) iso topically equilibrated with 131I-T4 of known specific activity. Cold-adapted rats excreted less iodide in urine than did controls, when receiving twice the dose of T4, and not significantly more than controls when given 4 times the dose, although the latter dose raised the serum T4 level above normal. The apparent reduction in the rate of deiodination was not due to changes in the intrinsic deiodinating activity of tissues, or to changes in the T4-binding activity of serum. Total and free T4 levels were not altered. The total turnover of T4 was increased due to a marked increase in the clearance from plasma thro...
Synthesis of polyfluoroaromatic magnesium compounds through the exchange reaction

Abstract A convenient synthesis for the preparation of various polyfluoroaromatic magnesium compounds through the magnesium-halogen exchange reaction is described. The reaction between ethylmagnesium bromide and chloride with various bromo- and chloropolyfluoroaromatic compounds provides the polyfluoroaromatic magnesium compounds usually in high yields. Anomalous instability of the (pentafluorophenyl)magnesium chloride is noted.
Online and Offline Content Piracy Activities: Characteristics and Ethical Perceptions

This study identifies several factors that influence an individual's ethical perceptions of other user's content piracy activities. It addresses the relationship between the characteristics of various online and offline content piracy activities and the extent to which individuals perceive these activities to be ethical. It also considers the knowledge and experience individuals have regarding digital technologies to see whether it impacts their ethical perceptions. This paper finds that the more time it takes to copy content, and the higher the value and quality of the copy, the less ethically acceptable these activities are viewed. It also finds that when users have higher levels of digital technology experience and understanding they view all of these activities as relatively more acceptable. Implications and conclusions are discussed for content companies and future research.
Expectation confirmation: An examination of three competing models

Abstract We discuss three theoretical models from met expectations research in the fields of organizational behavior and consumer psychology. Based on the fundamental arguments in the models, we term these models: disconfirmation, ideal point, and experiences only. We present three-dimensional graphical and analytical representations of the models, with satisfaction being a function of expectations and experiences. We tested the models in the context of a new information system implementation in an organization, with expectations, experiences, and system satisfaction measured for both ease of use and usefulness, the focal constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). We found that an experiences only model in which expectations had no measurable effect best explained the data for ease of use. The results for usefulness indicated a modified version of the experiences only model in which the positive effect of experiences becomes slightly stronger—i.e., more positive—as expectations increase.
Time-varying distributions of biologically significant variables in the ocean

Abstract An experiment to measure short-term variations in the vertical distributions of biologically significant variables in a coastal upwelling ecosystem was carried out in July, 1973, off the coast of Oregon. It involved a 25-h time series of hydrographic stations on the continental shelf adjacent to a high resolution current meter array. Profiles of the variables in the z−t domain show the effects on the vertical distributions of internal waves and tides and provide information on the errors implicit in low resolution sampling.
CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS (CE) METHODS FOR THE SEPARATION OF CARCINOGENIC HETEROCYCLIC AROMATIC AMINES

Recently capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been used for the separation and detection of toxic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) that are present in several environmental samples and food samples. Methods found in the literature were studied and compared in detail, and the conditions for the improved separation of a group of eight HAA are discussed. The effects of buffer pH and the concentration of the organic modifier (methanol and acetonitrile) on the separation and elution order of the HAA were also studied. In addition, for the first time, the running buffer was modified with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin. The overall separation was improved with β-cyclodextrin, and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) gave the strongest interaction.
Collision-Induced Desorption and Reaction on Hydrogen-Covered Al(111) Single Crystals: Hydrogen in Aluminum?

We examine the recombination and desorption of hydrogen from an aluminum(111) surface focusing on desorption processes that lead to the formation of dihydrogen and aluminum hydride (presumably alane). In addition to simple temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), we examine the perturbations which occur to the desorption kinetics of these species as a result of the energy transfer due to collisions of a xenon beam at 1.6, 2.8, and 3.6 eV with a hydrogen covered surface. Whereas the recombinative desorption of dihydrogen from an Al(111) surface nominally follows an unusual zero-order rate law, bombardment of a hydrogen-covered surface with an energetic xenon atom leads to a kinetic profile more closely modeled by a higher reaction order. It also was found that upon exposure to the beam, the peak area (and thus the desorption yield) for the H2 desorption was reduced 5−25% depending on the length of exposure whereas for the aluminum hydride the percent reduction ranged from 10−80%. This suggests ...
Electrocardiographic Monitoring During Cardiac Rehabilitation

Study objective This investigation compares the frequency of cardiac events during ECG-monitored cardiac rehabilitation in patients who meet the American College of Cardiology (ACC) criteria for monitoring, to the frequency of events in patients in the same program who do not meet the ACC criteria. Design and patients Patient charts (n=289) from a 10-month period were retrospectively reviewed for (1) major and minor cardiovascular events, (2) whether a physician was contacted, and (3) what change, if any, was made in their care plan as a result. Results There were no sudden deaths, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarctions, or sustained arrhythmias requiring hospitalizations. The overall rate for minor events (angina, nonsustained arrhythmia, ST segment depression) was 26.6%, with no difference noted between men and women. The rate for a new-onset, asymptomatic event was 3.8%. The rate of minor events was greater in patients who met the ACC criteria vs those who did not (p Conclusions The occurrence of a minor cardiovascular event is common during phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation, and existing criteria satisfactorily distinguish those patients at high risk for experiencing such an event. However, the rate for new-onset, asymptomatic events is rare for both patients classified at high risk and those classified not to be at high risk. Also, only four patients experienced a change in therapy secondary to an event identified by ECG monitoring.
Probing the Effect of Conformational Constraints on Binding

Increasing the strength of binding between a molecule and a receptor is an important technique in the design of effective drugs. One experimental technique to increase the strength of binding (called "binding affinity") is to synthesize molecules that are already in the shape that it will take when bound to a receptor. This technique works because it decreases the binding entropy which increases the overall binding affinity. A recent experimental study of a series of receptor-molecule complexes (the Grb2 SH2 domain with peptide analogues) aimed to increase the binding affinity by introducing a bond constraint. However, the constrained molecules had less favorable binding entropies than their flexible counterparts. Yue Shi of the Ren lab at UT Austin aimed to probe the origin of this entropy paradox with molecular dynamics simulations which were run on Lonestar and Ranger at TACC. Their group used approximately 2 million CPU hours on Ranger and almost 1 million on Lonestar this past year. Their research addresses biological and medical challenges from single molecules to the genome with high performance computing and theory. In collaboration with other experimental groups, they utilize computer modeling and simulations to understand these complex biomolecular systems and to discover molecules for treating disease and improving human health. Effectively communicating the results of their computational studies to experimentalists is essential to the success of their collaborative efforts. Anne Bowen of the Texas Advanced Computing Center collaborated with Yue Shi to prepare animations and graphics to better explain the origins of the "entropy paradox" to experimentalists and the general public.} % end of abstract
Kinetics and structure of O2 chemisorption on Ni(1 1 1)

Abstract The kinetics of O 2 chemisorption at low dose on Ni(1 1 1) and the nature of the chemisorption site have been studied at 300 and 500 K using time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS), low energy electron diffraction, and scattering and recoiling imaging code (SARIC) simulations. Variations in the TOF-SARS spectra with different crystal alignments during O 2 dosing provide direct information on the location of oxygen adatoms on the Ni(1 1 1) surface at very low coverages as well as site-specific occupation rates ( S fcc and S hcp ) and occupancies ( θ fcc and θ hcp ). A system of equations has been developed that relate the slopes of the scattering and recoiling intensities versus O 2 exposure dose to these probabilities and occupancies. The results identify three chemisorption stages as a function of oxygen exposure, each with its own specific occupation rates and occupancies. The first - stage is observed up to θ 1 =θ fcc ∼0.21 ML with θ hcp =0, constant S = S fcc ∼0.18±0.01, and coverage ratio w = θ hcp / θ fcc ∼0 for both 300 and 500 K. The second-stage is observed at coverages between θ 1 ∼0.21 and θ 2 ∼0.32 ML with constant S fcc =−(0.05±0.01) and S hcp =(0.16±0.02) at 300 K and S fcc =(0.005±0.003) and S hcp =(0.007±0.003) at 500 K, and coverage ratios w = θ hcp / θ fcc ∼1 at 300 K and w = θ hcp / θ fcc ∼0.10 at 500 K. The third-stage , observed for θ >0.32 ML, involves saturation coverage of the adsorption sites. SARIC simulations were used to interpret the spectra and the influence of oxygen chemisorption and vibrational effects. A method for determining the “effective Debye temperature Θ D * ” that uses the experimental TOF-SARS intensity variations as a function of temperature and the simulated SARIC signals as a function of the mean square vibrational amplitude 〈 u 2 〉 has been developed. The result for this system is Θ D * =314±10 K.
137Cs and 210Pb transport and geochronologies in urbanized reservoirs with rapidly increasing sedimentation rates

Sedimentation rates have been measured in three reservoirs in northeastern Ohio, U.S.A., by means of 137Cs and 210Pb geochronologies, volumetric surveys and varve counting. These various methods, while only partially overlapping for each reservoir, show dramatic (three-fold) increases in rates of sediment accumulation in each system between about 1940 and 1977. Mass sedimentation rates are very nearly proportional to the size of the population in the region and possess a doubling time of roughly 19 yr. In these systems with changing sedimentation rates, the preferred model for use with 210Pb geochronologies is one which assumes a constant activity of material added to surface sediments. In systems possessing large watershed)/(reservoir area) ratios, increasing erosion is evidently accompanied by a proportionate increase in the erosion of excess 210Pb. High near-surface activities of 137Cs are due to system integration effects with time constants the order of 10 yr. to a few decades. Total accumulation of fallout 137Cs and excess 210Pb far exceed direct atmospheric loadings, thus indicating the importance of watershed contributions and implying annual retention of the radionuclides in the reservoirs of between ∼15% and ∼80%. In Lake Rockwell, sedimentary fluxes of Zn, Pb and Cu have increased with time. The flux of Cu in particular has increased very markedly since 1970, and concentrations are high in surface materials due in large part to addition of CuSO4, an algicide, to the water. Because of increased rates of sedimentation, the remaining useful life of Lake Rockwell has decreased from 203 to 67 yr., while the remaining useful life of Mayfair Lake is now less than 5 yr.
A Return to Which Self?: ͑Ali Shari'ati and Frantz Fanon on the Political Ethics of Insurrectionary Violence

This essay considers the overlap between Ali Shari’ati’s ethical reflections and his discussion of insurrectionary violence. Davari argues that the earlier lectures discussing bāzgasht be khishtan (a return to self) formed the conceptual foundation for his advocacy of shahādat (martyrdom) as a model of self-formation. These intellectual tendencies were rooted in a tradition of anticolonial and insurgent political thought, exemplified in Shari’ati’s case by an engagement with the writings of Frantz Fanon. Shari’ati’s borrowing of Fanon’s notions of return and decolonial violence involved alterations within a shared framework. Most notably, Shari’ati emphasized the prospect of a return to a religious self, redefined as political ethics. Whereas Fanon privileged an embodied experience of racialization as the most fundamental constraining and enabling factor in the realization of a new humanism, Shari’ati’s presentation of the “new man” as shahid involved a hermeneutic relationship with a collective self imagined across historical time. In Shari’ati’s hands, Fanon’s eschewal of history became an engagement with historical memory in the present tense. In the process, the body was reimagined as that which dies, its physical death marking the future where Fanon’s new man was said to be found. The shahid’s choosing to die—as opposed to the colonized’s need to kill the colonizer—led to the revision of two central conclusions pertaining to the process of decolonization: the discussion of means as ends, and the critique of a hierarchical relationship between revolutionary leaders and the led.
Differential origin of projections from SI barrel cortex to the whisker representations in SII and MI.

We have previously shown that projections from SI barrel cortex to the MI whisker representation originate primarily from columns of neurons that are aligned with the layer IV septa. SI barrel cortex also projects to SII cortex, but the origin of these projections has not been characterized with respect to the barrel and septal compartments. To address this issue, we injected retrograde tracers into the SII whisker representation and then reconstructed the location of the labeled neurons in SI with respect to the layer IV barrels. In some animals, two different tracers were injected into the whisker representations of SII and MI to detect double-labeled neurons that would indicate that some SI neurons project to both of these cortical areas. We found that the projections to SII cortex originate from sites that are uniformly distributed throughout the extragranular layers of barrel cortex. In cases in which different tracers were injected in SII and MI, double-labeled neurons appeared above and below the layer IV septal compartment and at sites aligned with the boundaries of the layer IV barrels. To the extent that the columns of neurons aligned with the barrel and septal compartments represent functionally distinct circuits, these results indicate that SII receives information from both circuits, whereas MI receives inputs primarily from the septal circuits. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:624–636, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for decane, a constituent of jet propellent-8.

Decane, a 10-carbon n-alkane and one of the highest vapor phase constituents of jet propellent-8 (JP-8), was selected to represent the semivolatile fraction for the initial development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for JP-8. Rats were exposed to decane vapors at time-weighted average concentrations of 1200, 781, or 273 ppm in a 32-L Leach chamber for 4 h. Time-course samples for 1200 ppm and end-of-exposure samples for 781 and 273 ppm decane exposures were collected from blood, brain, liver, fat, bone marrow, lung, skin, and spleen. The pharmacokinetics of decane could not be described by flow-limited assumptions and measured in vitro tissue/air partition coefficients. A refined PBPK model for decane was then developed using flow-limited (liver and lung) and diffusion-limited (brain, bone marrow, fat, skin, and spleen) equations to describe the uptake and clearance of decane in the blood and tissues. Partition coefficient values for blood/air and tissue/blood were estimated by fi...
Is "Sell in May and Go Away" a Valid Strategy for U.S. Equity Allocation?

This article examines the so-called “sell in May” strategy that has been referred to in the popular press for more than 40 years, and which Bouman and Jacobsen [2002] support with statistical evidence for multiple countries. The “sell in May” anomaly not only conflicts with the efficient market hypothesis, it also has important implications for investors trying to exploit calendar time anomalies. The authors examine whether “sell in May” is in fact a calendar time anomaly that can lead to a successful asset allocation strategy for major U.S. stock indexes. By analyzing the cumulative wealth produced by this strategy and a buy-and-hold strategy over a 30-year period, the authors find that regardless of the statistical evidence supporting this anomaly for countries around the world, the success of an implementable “sell in May” asset allocation strategy depends heavily upon the time period examined. If investors choose to use such a strategy, they should understand why it may or may not be successful.
Sex Bias at Work: The Effects of Attentional and Memory Demands on Performance Ratings of Men and Women1

The present study examined the impact of attentional and memory demands on work performance ratings accorded men and women in traditionally male jobs. Of interest was whether sex discrimination would abate in the face of individuating and job-relevant work behavior even when the demands likely to be faced in actual work settings were taken into account. Two hundred and two subjects read a vignette depicting the work behavior of a male or female police officer and then rated the individual's work performance. The attentional demands imposed on subjects while reading the vignette and the amount of time elapsed prior to issuing the performance ratings were systematically varied. As predicted, men were evaluated more favorably than women when raters were faced with an additional task requiring attention and time pressures were made salient. Only when subjects were able to carefully allocate all of their attentional resources did sex bias in work performance ratings abate. Memory demands had no effects on work performance ratings. Gender-related work characterizations paralleled the performance ratings, providing support for the idea that sex stereotypes mediate discrimination in performance appraisal judgments. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings, as well as suggestions for future research, are discussed.