cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"They have said that I was slightly depressed but there are circumstances that bring that on": How Middle-Aged and Older African American Men Describe Perceived Stress and Depression.

Objective: Few studies have focused on how men perceive stress and depression, and even fewer have examined how men of a specific racial or ethnic group describe their experiences of these conditions. African American men tend to define health in ways that are inclusive of their physical health, health behaviors, and mental health, but research has largely failed to explore how men put their health and mental health in social contexts. The objective of this article is to explore how middle-aged and older African American men who self-identify as having depression: 1) differentiate stress from depression; and 2) describe depression. Design: Using data from semi-structured, individual interviews conducted between March and April 2014, we used a phenomenological approach to examine how men describe, experience, and perceive stress and depression. Setting: Nashville, Tennessee. Participants: 18 African American men aged 35-76 years who self-reported a previous or current diagnosis of depression. Results: Men talked about the experiences of stress and how many of them viewed chronic stress as expected and depression as a normal part of life. They used phrases like being “slightly depressed” or “I take a light antidepressant” to describe how they feel and what they are doing to feel better. Within these narratives, men had difficulty distinguishing between stress and depression and they primarily explained that depression was the result of external stressors and strains. Conclusions: Men may have difficulty distinguishing between stress and depression and they may frame the causes of depression in ways that decrease their perceived culpability for its causes and limit their perceived control over the causes of depression. Ethn Dis. 2017;27(4):437-442; doi:10.18865/ed.27.4.437
Do Mindful Breathing Exercises Benefit Reading Comprehension? A Brief Report

A brief breathing exercise designed to induce a mindful state could benefit reading comprehension performance, but has not been previously examined. Furthermore, the mechanisms of how an induced mindful state benefits cognition are not well understood. The purposes of this study are to test the effectiveness of a brief mindful breathing exercise on reading comprehension performance and examine two potential mechanisms (mind wandering and stress reduction). Undergraduate students (N = 105) engaged in either a mindful breathing exercise or control sham exercise, indicated their stress levels, and completed a reading comprehension assessment during which they self-reported their mind wandering. The mindful breathing exercise benefited performance, but the mechanisms for this benefit were not mind wandering or stress reduction.
Cranial morphological scaling and relative prey size limitations for a native predator in an invaded system

Over evolutionary time, predator-prey interactions have shaped and constrained functional and behavioral traits of piscivorous fishes. The endangered Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius, a large endemic piscivore of the Colorado River Basin, encounters a substantially altered prey base that differs in behaviors and morphologies compared to the historical suite of native prey. To assess physical limitations of Colorado Pikeminnow predation, we conducted a feeding experiment with two species of nonnative prey (spined and despined Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis) and quantified scaling of cranial morphology in this predator. In our predation experiments, Colorado Pikeminnow (215–312 mm total length) consumed both spined and despined Channel Catfish as well as Red Shiner but only consumed prey less than 20% of the predator’s total length. Previous feeding trials using smaller Colorado Pikeminnow, with native and nonnative prey species, indicated they consumed prey up to 35% of their total length, suggesting relative prey size limits may decrease as this predator grows. Morphological measurements also suggested relative prey size suitability may decrease as Colorado Pikeminnow become larger, with head depth and width demonstrating isometric scaling at small sizes and shifting to negative allometry as fish get larger. Together, these data suggest an ontogenetic shift in the head morphology of Colorado Pikeminnow may decrease the relative size of prey available to these predators. In severely altered systems, understanding trophic characteristics that limit overall predator resource availability will be critical for conservation of piscivorous fishes.
Senility as disintegrated person in Japan.

This article focuses upon the intersection of Japanese concepts ofperson, mind and body and ideas about senile dementia. Questions exploredinclude: How do Japanese ideas about person, in terms of the relationship between mind and body, differ from those generally accepted in the Euro-American world? And how do these ideas influence Japanese conceptualizations ofsenility? I argue that gerontologists and others concerned with the treatmentand understanding of senility from a cross-cultural perspective need topay close attention to how the person, as an ontological concept of being,is perceived and constructed in different contexts. The manner in which people indifferent cultures conceptualize the nature of human being will inevitably have asignificant influence on how they perceive and experience senility. The datafor this article were collected during more than two years of ethnographicfieldwork in northern Japan.
Late Eocene Microtektites and Clinopyroxene-Bearing Spherules

Abstract Late Eocene microtektites, belonging to the North American tektite strewn field, have been found in the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, on Barbados, and in the western Atlantic. The North American microtektite layer does not appear to be associated with any major extinctions or climatic changes; however, a slightly older layer (∼10,000 yrs. older) of clinopyroxene-bearing spherules appear to be associated with an iridium anomaly and the extinction of several radiolarian species. The clinopyroxene-bearing spherules have been found in the eastern Indian Ocean and equatorial Pacific, as well as, the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. The North American tektites and microtektites have K-Ar, Ar-40/Ar-39, and fission-track ages of 34 to 35 m.y. Extrapolation from the microtektite layer to the overlying Eocene/Oligocene boundary indicates an age of 33–34 m.y. for the Eocene/Oligocene boundary.
Earth History and the Evolution of Caribbean Bats

Although the natural history of the Caribbean is better understood now than ever before, a general biogeographic explanation for the peculiar faunal composition of the islands remains elusive. New molecular phylogenetic and divergence analyses presented here show that dispersal and diversification in Caribbean bats are synchronous with sea level drops during inter-stage transitions in the Miocene. The phylogenies indicate that several continental bat species descended from West Indian ancestors, as the exceptionally low sea level of the Miocene transitions allowed for two-way biotic exchange between the islands and the continent. These results suggest a common mechanism underlies colonization and subsequent speciation in the Caribbean, and underscore the importance of geological history in all biogeographic scenarios, including dispersal.
Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Acute myocardial infarction is often accompanied by some degree of heart failure. In general, anterior infarction is associated with more severe pulmonary congestion than is inferior infarction. Inferoposterior infarction is occasionally associated with the syndrome of right ventricular infarction, i.e., hypotension with or without bradycardia, clear lung fields, and elevated right heart filling pressures. It is common for patients to have no symptoms of heart failure when an S4 gallop rhythm is present (usually reflecting elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) , and about half the patients with significant pulmonary congestion evident on chest x-ray have no abnormal physical findings.
Language Issues in former Yugoslav Space: A Commentary

Although the break-up of Yugoslavia has spawned an enormous literature in many fields, Language Issues in former Yugoslav Space: Current Perspectives ( Aegean Working Papers in Ethnographic Linguistics Vol. 2, No. 1), 2018 ed. by Roswitha Kersten-Pejanic (general ed. Costas Canakis), is a welcome assessment of some aspects of the current state of affairs from an ethnolinguistic standpoint. The varied articles in this volume each deserve individual attention, and thus my remarks address the articles separately. [...]
The Role of Diagnostic Stewardship in Clostridioides difficile Testing: Challenges and Opportunities

Accurate and timely diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is imperative to prevent C. difficile transmission and reduce morbidity and mortality due to CDI, but CDI laboratory diagnostics are complex. The purpose of this article is to review the role of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of CDI and the role of diagnostic stewardship in optimization of C. difficile testing. Results from C. difficile diagnostic tests should be interpreted with an understanding of the strengths and limitations inherent in each testing approach. Use of highly sensitive molecular diagnostic tests without accounting for clinical signs and symptoms may lead to over-diagnosis of CDI and increased facility CDI rates. Current guidelines recommend a two-step, algorithmic approach for testing. Diagnostic stewardship interventions, such as education, order sets, order search menus, reflex orders, hard and soft stop alerts, electronic references, feedback and benchmarking, decision algorithms, and predictive analytics, may help improve use of C. difficile laboratory tests and CDI diagnosis. The diagnostic stewardship approaches with the highest reported success rates include computerized clinical decision support (CCDS) interventions, face-to-face feedback, and real-time evaluations. CDI is a clinical diagnosis supported by laboratory findings. Together, clinical evaluation combined with diagnostic stewardship can optimize the accurate diagnosis of CDI.
Managing Common and Uncommon Complications in Gender-Affirming Masculinizing Chest Surgery

Masculinizing chest surgery is one of the most commonly requested procedures in gender confirmation surgery. The World Professional Association of Transgender Health has established standards of care that offer recommendations for patients and surgeons prior to undergoing gender confirmation surgery. There have been many techniques described to perform masculinizing chest surgery, and the majority of patients are very satisfied with their surgical results. Overall, the complication rate in chest surgery is low. The following is a discussion of chest surgery with a focus on the potential cause, treatment, and some possible methods of prevention of the most common, and uncommon, complications that arise in chest surgery.
Conservation Opportunities Arise From the Co-Occurrence of Surfing and Key Biodiversity Areas

Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services requires diverse models that empower communities to steward and benefit from resources. Here we investigate the potential of surfing resources, a new conservation asset class, and the surfing community, an underutilized conservation constituency, to conserve marine biodiversity. We conducted a spatial analysis of the overlap among key biodiversity areas, Marine Protected Areas, and 3755 surf breaks globally. We find that 62.77% of surf breaks are not within MPAs and that 25.81% of all surf breaks are within 5 km of a Key Biodiversity Area, but are not within a MPA, suggesting that strategic conservation opportunities arise from the co-occurrence of surfing resources and biodiversity priorities. Establishing or extending protections to surfing ecosystems could increase protection for biodiversity at one-quarter of surf breaks. Sustainable management of these resources ensures their ability to provide for the character, economy, and development of coastal communities worldwide.
Perioperative focused cardiac ultrasound: a brief report.

Background The anesthesiologist's emerging role as a perioperative physician has challenged the field to broaden its scope of practice to meet the demands of the patient undergoing surgery today. This brief report aims to identify the indications, clinical impact on management decisions, and perioperative focused cardiac ultrasound accuracy in patients scheduled for non-cardiac surgery. Methods A review from the Department of Anesthesia Perioperative Echocardiography database on transthoracic echocardiography was performed, including clinical, demographic, indications, therapeutic impact, and accuracy from February 1, 2017 to October 10, 2019. Results A total of 220 FoCUS exams were identified. FoCUS was performed in 55% males and 45% females. The average age was 66.5 years, and 68% of patients were designated ASA 3 classification. The majority underwent thoracic procedures with a history of cardiovascular disease for hemodynamic instability in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). In this group, 94% had a change in management. New findings in 9 patients resulted in pre-induction management change. FoCUS was also performed intraoperatively to differentiated hemodynamic instability, significantly altering care. Postoperatively, new wall motion abnormalities findings escalated care to the cardiology service. Immediate assessment of hemodynamic instability altered care and postoperative recovery location in a significant number of patients. In all cases, FoCUS was used to guide management in the differential diagnosis of the acute event and to assess treatment response. Conclusion This review demonstrates that FoCUS is an excellent clinical adjunct in the perioperative period. Diagnostic accuracy and efficiency by pattern recognition helped answer clinically significant questions and guide management. The non-invasive approach of POCUS and its rapid adaptation makes it an exciting area of future research.
Breath biomarkers of insulin resistance in pre-diabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity

ABSTRACT Background Insulin Resistance (IR) affects a quarter of the world’s adult population and is a major factor in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disease. Non-invasive sampling of exhaled breath contains metabolic markers indicative of underlying systemic metabolic abnormality. Method In this pilot study, we implemented a non-invasive breathomics approach, combined with random forest machine learning, to investigate metabolic markers from pre-diabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity as indicators of abnormal metabolic regulation. Findings Exhaled breath collection using the ReCIVA breathalyzer is feasible in an adolescent population. We have identified a signature of breath metabolites (breath-IR model) which correlates with Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (R = 0.95, p Interpretation Identification of a breath metabolite signature indicative of IR in prediabetic Hispanic adolescents with obesity provides evidence of the utility of exhaled breath metabolomics for assessing systemic metabolic dysregulation. A simple and non-invasive breath-based test has utility as a diagnostic tool for monitoring IR progression, potentially allowing for earlier detection of IR and implementation of early interventions to prevent onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Funding This study was funded by The Healthy Babies Project, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX.
Processing temporal sequences

The analysis of dynamical systems with nonintegrable continuous-time dynamics is oftentimes performed with the help of a Poincare map. This reduces the number of observed dimensions by one without a significant loss of generality in the results. Dynamics produced by the Poincare map, however, is still a sequence of real-valued quantities, difficult to represent in terms of electronic signals. Alternatively, a binary signal representing the time intervals between consecutive piercings through the Poincare section can be easily implemented in electronic circuitry.
The elegance of energy balance: Insight from circuit-level manipulations

Mechanisms of energy balance were first examined using very powerful neuroscience techniques such as lesions and electrical stimulation. This early work identified the hypothalamus as a key structure involved in hunger and feeding; however, neural resolution of cell-defined populations contributing to appetite regulation remained elusive. Recent innovations in neuroscience have produced constructs that allow for a high degree of specificity in loss- and gain-of-function manipulations in molecularly circumscribed neural subsets as well as monosynaptic circuit mapping and in vivo neurophysiology. These complimentary techniques have provided researchers an unprecedented amount of empirical agility. As a result, cell populations in two subregions of the hypothalamus have emerged as key players in the physiological control of feeding behavior. The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus contain neural populations that have a direct role in the promotion of hunger and satiety. These include neurons that express agouti-related peptide, pro-opiomelanocortin, single-minded homolog 1 protein, and the melanocortin-4 receptor. This review focuses on how these neural subsets communicate with one another, link up to build elaborate networks, and ultimately contribute to alterations in food intake. The continuing advancement of neuroscience tools, as well as a multimodal integration of findings, will be critical in illuminating an exhaustive and clinically relevant hunger circuit.
Can a bird brain do phonology

A number of recent studies have revealed correspondences between song- and language-related neural structures, pathways, and gene expression in humans and songbirds. Analyses of vocal learning, song structure, and the distribution of song elements have similarly revealed a remarkable number of shared characteristics with human speech. This article reviews recent developments in the understanding of these issues with reference to the phonological phenomena observed in human language. This investigation suggests that birds possess a host of abilities necessary for human phonological computation, as evidenced by behavioral, neuroanatomical, and molecular genetic studies. Vocal-learning birds therefore present an excellent model for studying some areas of human phonology, though differences in the primitives of song and language as well as the absence of a human-like morphosyntax make human phonology differ from birdsong phonology in crucial ways.
Purification and characterization of a 45 kDa hemolysin from Treponema denticola ATCC 35404

A 45 kDa polypeptide capable of erythrocyte (RBC) lysis and hemoglobin oxidation was isolated from Treponema denticola, ATCC 35404 (TD-4) after sequential ammonium sulfate (2.8-3.6 M) precipitation and preparative electrophoresis. The purified polypeptide produced a single protein band on PAGE at a relative molecular weight of 45 kDa in the presence and absence of SDS. The polypeptide was sensitive to proteinase K and pronase, and heating at 80 degrees C. The protease inhibitors, PMSF, TLCK and benzamidine had no inhibitory affect on activity. It was non heat-modifiable, and lost all hemolytic and hemoxidative function in SDS. Cysteine and other sulfhydryl-containing compounds were required for hemolytic and hemoxidative activities. The isoelectric point of the polypeptide was 5.3 and N'-terminal sequence analysis indicated it to belong to a new, so far undescribed group of peptides possessing hemoxidation and hemolytic activities. Functionally, it was capable of rapid hemoxidation of sheep and human erythrocytes (hemoglobin to methemoglobin) coupled to erythrocyte lysis, or hemolysis.
Biochemical characterization of mapmodulin, a protein that binds microtubule-associated proteins

Mapmodulin is a 31-kDa protein that stimulates the microtubule- and dynein-dependent localization of Golgi complexes in semi-intact Chinese hamster ovary cells. We have shown previously that it binds the microtubule binding domains of the microtubule-associated proteins, MAP2, MAP4, and tau. We also showed that mapmodulin is identical to a protein named PHAPI (Vaesen, M., Barnikol-Watanabe, S. , Gotz, H., Awni, L.A., Cole, T., Zimmermann, B., Kratzin, H.D. and Hilschmann, N. (1994) Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 375, 113-126). We report here that mapmodulin is a phosphoprotein that is predominantly cytosolic but is also found peripherally associated with endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes in mammalian cells. The protein occurs as a trimer in cytosol, and phosphorylation is required for its microtubule-associated protein-binding activity. Heat treatment of nonphosphorylated mapmodulin can render it competent for binding to microtubule-associated proteins, suggesting that phosphorylation induces a conformational change in mapmodulin. Finally, despite identity in polypeptide sequence with a protein reported to act as an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, native mapmodulin was not able to inhibit protein phosphatase 2A in Chinese hamster ovary cell cytosol.
The Role of Social Policy Research in Society and in Sociology

Changes in the dominant mode of social research since 1900 have mirrored changes in the structure of society. The relation of social research to society has changed, however, with social policy research constituting a feedback mechanism for certain types of social action. The future of social policy research depends upon how it becomes institutionalized in a society characterized increasing by asymmetric social relations. Graduate training in sociology must begin to define itself in relation to the functioning of modern society or it faces the danger of becoming “that in which no one else is interested.”
Effects of pargyline on tele-methylhistamine and histamine in rat brain

Rapid and complete inhibition of brain MAO produced linear increases in brain t-MH levels from 30 min to 4 hr after drug treatment at a rate of 0.26 nmole/g X hr, resulting in a 3-fold increase which persisted for at least 12 hr. HA levels were slightly elevated 1 and 2 hr after drug administration but quickly returned to control levels, suggestive of sensitive regulatory mechanisms in brain. Although the slight change in HA levels precludes steady-state assumptions, the rate of increase in brain t-MH levels after MAO inhibition provides a novel estimate of the half-life of endogenous brain HA (50 min). Despite the transient effect of pargyline on brain HA content, the effect of pargyline on brain t-MH levels suggests that MAO inhibitors may produce long-term alterations in brain histaminergic dynamics.
Nanoscale planar field projections of atomic decohesion and slip in crystalline solids. Part I. A crack-tip cohesive zone

The field projection method of Hong and Kim (2003) to identify the crack-tip cohesive zone constitutive relations in an isotropic elastic solid is extended to a nanoscale planar field projection of a cohesive crack tip on an interface between two anisotropic solids. This formulation is applicable to the elastic field of a cohesive crack tip on an interface or in a homogeneous material for any combination of anisotropies. This method is based on a new orthogonal eigenfunction expansion of the elastic field around an interfacial cohesive crack, as well as on the effective use of interaction J integrals. The nanoscale planar field projection is applied to characterizing a crack-tip cohesive zone naturally arising in the fields of atomistics. The atomistic fields analyzed are obtained from molecular statics simulations of decohesion in a gold single crystal along a direction in a (111) plane, for which the interatomic interactions are described by an embedded atom method potential. The field projection provid...
Conductivities and ion association of 1:1 electrolytes in aprotic solvents

Molar conductivities for several alkali metal salts and tetraalkylammonium salts have been measured at 25°C in 4-butyrolactone and propylene carbonate over the concentration range of 0.01–0.001 mol dm−3. The data were analysed by Justice's method, and the results compared to corresponding data for acetonitrile solutions. From a consideration of dielectric constants, ion pairing is expected to be similar in 4-butyrolactone and acetonitrile solutions. However we find that ion pair formation in 4-butyrolactone is very similar to that in propylene carbonate. When interpreted in terms of the Bjerrum treatment of ion pair formation, this behaviour can be attributed to the formation of solvent separated ion pairs in 4-butyrolactone whereas in propylene carbonate and acetonitrile, all salts form simple “contact” ion pairs.
Educating for God and Country: Cooperation among Jewish and Christian Educators, 1927-1933.

Abstract This essay traces the origins of Protestant and Jewish religious educators' ideas about the role of religious education in building a multicultural democracy. What had been a trickle of Jewish contributions to Religious Educationsince its founding became a constant flow, lasting from 1927 through 1933. This was accompanied by greater involvement of Jews in REA proceedings. Examination of Protestant and Jewish writings shows that they were brought together by common interests in transforming religious education along progressive lines, in “character education,” and in interfaith discussion as ways of uniting Americans in a more perfect democracy.
Scaling of the Local Dynamics and the Intermolecular Potential

The experimental fact that relaxation times, τ, of supercooled liquids and polymers are uniquely defined by the quantity TVγ, where T is temperature, V specific volume, and γ a material constant, leads to a number of interpretations and predictions concerning the dynamics of vitrification. Herein we examine means to determine the scaling exponent γ apart from the usual superpositioning of relaxation data. If the intermolecular potential can be approximated by an inverse power law, as implied by the TVγ scaling, various equations are derived relating γ to the Gruneisen parameter and to a common expression for the pressure derivative of the glass temperature. In addition, without assumptions, γ can be obtained directly from pressure-volume-temperature data. These methods for determining γ from molecular or thermodynamic properties are useful because they enable the P- and V-dependences of τ to be obtained, and thereby various analyses of the dynamics to be explored, without the need to carry out relaxation measurements beyond ambient pressure.
Applicability of post-ionization theory to laser-assisted field evaporation of magnetite

Analysis of the detected Fe ion charge states from laser-assisted field evaporation of magnetite (Fe3O4) reveals unexpected trends as a function of laser pulse energy that break from conventional post-ionization theory for metals. For Fe ions evaporated from magnetite, the effects of post-ionization are partially offset by the increased prevalence of direct evaporation into higher charge states with increasing laser pulse energy. Therefore, the final charge state is related to both the field strength and the laser pulse energy, despite those variables themselves being intertwined when analyzing at a constant detection rate. Comparison of data collected at different base temperatures also shows that the increased prevalence of Fe2+ at higher laser energies is possibly not a direct thermal effect. Conversely, the ratio of 16O+:(16O2+ + 16O+) is well correlated with field strength and unaffected by laser pulse energy on its own, making it a better overall indicator of the field evaporation conditions. Plotting the normalized field strength versus laser pulse energy also elucidates a non-linear dependence, in agreement with the previous observations on semiconductors, which suggests field-dependent laser absorption efficiency. Together these observations demonstrate that the field evaporation process for laser-pulsed oxides exhibits fundamental differences from metallic specimens that cannot be completely explained by post-ionization theory. Further theoretical studies, combined with detailed analytical observations, are required to understand fully the field evaporation process of non-metallic samples.
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 availability in normal human osteoblast-like cells: Role of endogenous IGFs

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is an important regulator of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) anabolic activity in bone. Although cultured human osteoblast-like (hOB) cells have been reported to secrete IGFBP-4, we could not detect IGFBP-4 protein in 8 of 27 individual donor-derived hOB-cell conditioned medium (hOB-CM) samples examined by Western ligand blotting. Nonetheless, this subset of hOB cells had normal IGFBP-4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression and protein secretion. Regulation of IGFBP-4 levels in hOB cultures appeared to occur extracellularly. hOB cells produce an IGFBP-4 proteinase that requires the presence of IGF for cleavage of the IGFBP-4 molecule into 2 fragments of approximately 18 and 14 kilodaltons. These fragments are not detected by Western ligand blotting. Our data indicate that elevated endogenous levels of IGF can activate IGFBP-4 proteolysis, because in hOB cultures lacking detectable IGFBP-4 protein 1) basal IGF messenger ribonucleic acid expression...
A simple intravenous catheter for use with a cranial pedestal in the rat

A catheter design and implantation technique are described which permit the repeated infusion of drugs into the external jugular vein of the rat. The catheter is designed specifically for use when electrode implantation or other surgery requires the construction of a cranial pedestal from dental acrylic. The speed and simplicity of the catheter's construction and implantation are advantageous, and it performs reliably for several months after implantation.
Graduate accounting education opportunities in United States military organizations

Abstract This article provides a descriptive account of a managerial accounting course taught at US Air Force bases in the Pacific. The article describes a unique, challenging, and rewarding teaching opportunity for accounting professors to contribute to rightsizing the military, improving its efficiency, and educating current and future military leaders in applying managerial accounting information to their profession. We discuss the graduate degree program offered, the types of students enrolled, their academic background, course development, and faculty preparation. We also reflect on the flexibility required of a faculty member and the potential rewards and satisfaction that can be derived from this unique teaching experience.
Silica-rich orthopyroxenite in the Bovedy chondrite

A large (greater than 4.5 x 7 x 4 mm), igneous-textured clast in the Bovedy (L3) chondrite is notable for its high bulk SiO2 content (is approximately equal to 57.5 wt%). The clast consists of normally zoned orthopyroxene (83.8 vol%), tridymite (6.2%), an intergrowth of feldspar (5.8%) and sodic glass (3.1%), pigeonite (1.0%), and small amounts of chromite (0.2%), augite, and Fe,Ni-metal; it is best described as a silica-rich orthopyroxenite. The oxygen-isotopic composition of the clast is similar, but not identical, to Bovedy and other ordinary chondrites. The clast has a superchondritic Si/Mg ratio, but has Mg/(Mg + Fe) and Fe/Mn ratios that are similar to ordinary chondrite silicate. The closest chemical analogues to the clast are radial-pyroxene chondrules, diogenites, pyroxene-silica objects in ordinary chondrites, and silicates in the IIE iron meteorite Weekeroo Station. The clast crystallized from a siliceous melt that cooled fast enough to prevent complete attainment of equilibrium but slow enough to allow nearly complete crystallization. The texture, form, size and composition of the clast suggestion that it is an igneous differentiate from an asteroid or planetesimal that formed in the vicinity of ordinary chondrites. The melt probably cooled in the near-surface region of the parent object. It appears that in the source region of the clast, metallic and silicate partial melt were largely-to-completely lost during a relatively low degree of melting, and that during a higher degree of melting, olivine and low-Ca pyroxene separated from the remaining liquid, which ultimately solidified to form the clast. While these fractionation steps could not have all occurred at the same temperature, they could have been accomplished in a single melting episode, possibly as a result of heating by radionuclides or by electromagnetic induction. Fractionated magmas can also account for other Si-rich objects in chondrites.
The amino terminus of the mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL) promotes cell cycle arrest and monocytic differentiation

Several lines of evidence suggest that the mixed lineage leukemia protein (MLL, ALL-1, HRX) plays a role in regulating myelomonocytic differentiation. In this study we examined the effect of expression of MLL-AF9 on differentiation of the monoblastic U937 cell line by using a tetracycline-inducible expression system. MLL-AF9 arrested growth of U937 cells and induced these cells to differentiate into macrophages; induction was accompanied by expression of CD11b and CD14 and ultimately cell death. Deletion mutants of MLL-AF9 were used to map the sequences responsible for this effect. The amino-terminal half of MLL was sufficient for both cell cycle arrest and macrophage differentiation, whereas the carboxyl terminus of MLL or AF9 was found to be dispensable for this effect. Further deletions showed that a 35-kDa amino-terminal fragment spanning two AT hook motifs was sufficient for cell cycle arrest, up-regulation of p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1), and partial differentiation toward macrophages. These findings suggest a possible role for the MLL AT hook-containing region in regulating myelomonocytic differentiation.
Problems of Families with Multiple Cancers

This pilot study explored problems in 38 families where multiple cancers had occurred. These families presented myriad problems, including financial struggles, marital discord, social isolation, depression, and substance abuse. Cancer was the focal point of life for most of the families. However, the study did not address the issue of quality of survival to any extent. Although such families are more numerous than was originally supposed, most of them had not found resources to sustain them emotionally, physically, or financially. The study indicated that every cancer patlent should be asked about others in his or her immediate family who have or have had cancer to assess the full impact of the disease and to plan for supportive services. The findings support the need for a concerted effort to increase resources and services for these special families.
The electrocardiogram in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The electrocardiogram is often abnormal in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most frequent abnormalities are a rightward P-wave axis (greater than or equal to 70 degrees) and a rightward QRS axis (greater than or equal to 90 degrees). In addition, low voltage in the limb leads, an S1S2S3 pattern, poor R-wave progression, a posterior-superior terminal QRS vector or other changes may be present. Transient atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias are common. Knowledge of the usual electrocardiographic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease enables the clinician to recognize uncharacteristic abnormalities, which often represent the effects of superimposed illnesses or drug toxicity.
Ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of photodetachment reaction of cyclopentoxide

Abstract The photodetachment process of cyclopentoxide (cyc-C 5 H 9 O − ) has been studied using a direct ab initio molecular dynamics method with the HCTH/6-31G(d) DFT theory. The ring-opening reaction of photodetached product cyclopentoxy (cyc-C 5 H 9 O) to the 5-oxo-pentan-1-yl radical is mainly addressed. The lifetime of cyclopentoxy is predicted to be 3.05 ± 0.07 ps. The photoelectron kinetic energy spectrum of cyc-C 5 H 9 O − is approximately simulated by using a simple reflection approach and a post passive scheme for including the nuclear dynamics effects, which is made to compare with experimental results.
Coarse-Graining Autonomous ODE Systems by Inducing a Separation of Scales: Practical Strategies and Mathematical Questions

This short note introduces a methodology for sequential multiscale modeling of autonomous, “microscopic”, systems of Ordinary Differential Equations through a redefinition of the original dynamics as an augmented system with an explicit separation of time scales arising merely from the definition of time-averaging. Associated mathematical questions are stated and discussed.
Opiates, endorphins and the developing organism: a comprehensive bibliography.

Abstract A comprehensive bibliography of the literature concerned with opiates, endorphins, and the developing organism is presented. A total of 1378 clinical and laboratory references, with citations beginning in 1875, are recorded. A series of indexes accompanies the citations in order to make the literature more accessible. These indexes are divided into clinical and laboratory topics. The clinical section is subdivided into: age of subject examined; maternal aspects; effects on the fetus; pharmacology, physiology, and the withdrawal syndrome; and “other” effects on the offspring. The laboratory section is subdivided into: type of opiate/endorphin studied; species utilized; and major subject areas explored.
Structure and morphogenesis of the uterus, placenta, and paraplacental organs of the neotropical disc‐winged bat Thyroptera tricolor spix (Microchiroptera: Thyropteridae)

The structure and development of the female reproductive tract, fetal membranes and placental have not previously been recorded for any member of the family Thyropteridae. Recently implanted embryos were obtained in late January, limb-bud stages in March, and full-term fetuses in late May, suggesting a possible gestation length of approximately five months. It is likely, however, that Thyroptera experiences at least two breeding cycles per year. The uterus was narrowly bicornuate; the corpus uteri was unusually large and lacked the glandular density observed in the cornua. The cervix was long, pleated, and relatively aglandular. The oviducts opened at the apices of the cornua; oviductal papillae were absent. A bursa ovarii surrounded the ovary, but there was a small pore opening to the peritoneal cavity adjacent to the fimbriated end of the oviduct. Never more than a single embryo or fetus was present, and only a single corpus luteum was observed; thus Thyroptera, like most bats, is monovular. Ovoimplantation was interstitial; a decidua capsularis was present early but disappeared by the late limb-bud stage. The decidual reaction involved both glandular epithelium and stromal cells, but most of the decidua was destroyed by term. Amniogenesis was initiated after implantation, by cavitation. Primitive entoderm was formed precociously above, as well as below, the presumptive embryonic disc, and a thin extension of Reichert's membrane passed over the cell mass, separating it from the cytotrophoblast of the chorionic placenta. During the amniogenic period, the yolk-sac entoderm fused to the parietal trophoblast via an intervening Reichert's membrane, forming an extensive bilaminar omphalopleure; this was rapidly converted to a trilaminar structure in early post-implantation stages. An avascular chorio-vitelline relationship involved most of the chorionic wall in early post-implantation stages and persisted to term in the abembryonic hemisphere after the partial inversion of the yolk-sac roof in late presomite embryos. The invaginated yolk-sac roof (splanchnopleure) also persisted to term as a viable paraplacental component. A small sac-like allantois was formed between late presomite and early limb-bud stages but disappeared by the late limb-bud stage. Development of the definitive chorioallantoic placenta resembled that in other bats, but the maternal endothelium disappeared relatively early, and trophoblastic differentiation was precocious. The ultrastructural organization of the interhemal membrane was hemodichorial, and otherwise generally resembled the organization previously described in vespertilionid bats. Similarities and differences in the structure of the uterus, placenta, and paraplacental organs of Thyropteridae, in comparison with other families of bats, are discussed. On the basis of fetal membrane characteristics, the Thyropteridae show closer affinities with the Phyllostomatoidea than with the Vespertilionoidea, to which they are presently assigned.
Effects of vegetation on flow conveyance and sediment transport capacity

Abstract In-stream and riparian vegetation may significantly affect flow and sediment transport in vegetated channels. A hydraulic model has been developed in this paper to compute the flow discharge in channels with rigid and flexible vegetation under emergent and submerged conditions. An empirical formula has also been presented to determine the bed-load discharge in vegetated channels. The model has been tested against experimental and field data available in the literature. The computed flow discharge and bed-load transport rate agree well with the measured data.
Numbers, Thoughts, and Things: The Ontology of Numbers for Children and Adults.

Abstract Keil's predicability method for studying ontological categories was adapted to examine the conceptions of numbers of 5-year-old children versus adults. Our primary focus was on the ontological distinction between numbers and sets of objects, which is clearly in place by age 5 and continues to organize adults' ontological judgments about numbers. Children, like, adults, attribute spatial-arrangement properties to collections much more than to numbers, although they see both numbers and collections as having quantitative properties. Children were also similar to adults in that they equated numbers more closely with their written representations (numerals) than with spoken representations (number words).
Rapid, Solid Phase Extraction Technique for the High-Throughput Assay of Darifenacin in Human Plasma

A novel method has been developed for the rapid solid phase extraction of drugs and metabolites from biological fluids, prior to further analysis. The newly designed, 96-tube micropreparation block facilitates high throughput by enabling the extraction of 96 samples simultaneously. The system is described, linked to HPLC/APCI-MS/MS, for the determination of darifenacin in human plasma. The resulting procedure, using deuterated darifenacin as internal standard, is validated over the concentration range 25−2000 pg/mL; accuracy (0.6−4.6%) and precision (3.6−18.8%) are considered acceptable and overall recovery was determined to be ∼50%.
The clinical utility of free thyroxine in oral levothyroxine absorption testing.

Objective: Original absorption studies for levothyroxine (LT4) were validated using total thyroxine (TT4) measurements. Free thyroxine (FT4) has largely supplanted TT4 in clinical practice. The objective of our study was to assess the clinical utility of FT4 in oral LT4 absorption testing.Methods: In this retrospective electronic health record analysis, we recorded data of patients who underwent LT4 oral absorption testing between November 2010 and January 2012 because of persistent hypothyroidism despite a greater than anticipated weight-based dose of LT4. Patients included had primary hypothyroidism and an absorption test with assessment of both TT4 and FT4 measured at times 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 minutes. The test was conducted with 1 mg (five 200-μg tablets) of Synthroid® after an overnight fast by a standard nonisotopic method.Results: A total of 10 patients (3 men/7 women) underwent absorption testing. Prior to testing, the median daily LT4 dose was 250 μg (range, 150 to 350 μg)....
Adrenocortical activity and avoidance learning as a function of time after avoidance training

Abstract Shuttlebox avoidance learning in rats is a U-shaped function of time after original avoidance training. The descending limb of the function is correlated with a decrease in plasma concentration of corticosterone. When high corticosteroid levels are maintained, either by exogenous ACTH administration or by hydrocortisone replacement, then high levels of performance are maintained. These findings support the hypothesis that avoidance learning decrements at intermediate intersession intervals are directly related to the functioning of the neuroendocrine system.
Retroperitoneal mass and hydronephrosis.

T 49-year-old man presented to the hospital with a 3-day history of left flank pain. His past urologic history is significant for several bouts of gross hematuria after participating in long-distance running. On physical examination, the patient was normotensive. There was mild costovertebral angle tenderness. The urinalysis showed trace blood. A film of the kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) showed a 9 3 9-cm calcific mass inferior to the left kidney margin (Fig. 1). A computed tomography scan of the abdomen demonstrated left hydronephrosis with an obstructing stone in the proximal left ureter. There was a complex left retroperitoneal mass corresponding to the large rim calcification seen on the KUB film (Fig. 2). The patient underwent cystoscopy, a retrograde ureteropyelogram, and placement of a left JJ stent. A large proximal ureteral stone was now seen having been hidden within the outline of the calcified mass (Fig. 3). A magnetic resonance image of the abdomen further characterized this mass as separate from the kidney and arising from the retroperitoneum/psoas muscle (Fig. 4). The patient underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using a Dornier HM4 unit (2000 shocks at 29 kV) with successful fragmentation of the stone. No intervention is planned at this time for the retroperitoneal mass as the patient was asymptomatic prior to the colic episode. It is believed that the mass was related to the blunt trauma sustained in a motor vehicle accident 18 years before this hospitalization. The differential diagnosis for this mass would include an old retroperitoneal hematoma or urinoma. The mass was only brought to our attention because of the acute renal obstruction. One can hypothesize that the mass may have impeded urinary drainage, resulting in stasis and subsequent stone formation.
Narrative inspiration in Liszt’s symphonic poems: The cases of Hunnenschlacht and Tasso, Lamento e Trionfo

Although Franz Liszt’s symphonic poems were inspired by works of literature, poetry, and painting, the resulting works are not mere replicas of the inspirational source. Rather, Liszt concentrates on themes of importance gleaned from the sources and uses these ideas to create a musical narrative. In this paper, I explore two distinct musical narratives in Liszt’s symphonic poems: the “conflict and resolution” narrative evident in Hunnenschlacht and the “suffering and redemption” narrative of Tasso, Lamento e Trionfo. Through these examples, I demonstrate that musical narrative is an organizing force in and of itself within Liszt’s symphonic poems; a narrative progression towards apotheosis propels the music forward and suggests Liszt’s programmatic inspiration in each work. Although some seek to fit the musical structure of Liszt’s symphonic poems into a preexisting model, this paper proposes that the program is their integral part, and that only through a combination of programmatic and formal analyses c...