cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A polymorphic CD40 ligand (CD154) molecule mediates CD40-dependent signalling but interferes with the ability of soluble CD40 to functionally block CD154:CD40 interactions.

Summary We report the characterization of a naturally occurring polymorphism in CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) expressed by activated T cells from a young female patient. This polymorphism encodes a nonconservative Gly Arg substitution in amino acid 219 in the extracellular, CD40 binding domain of the molecule. Studies carried out with 293 epithelial cells ectopically expressing the polymorphic protein (CD154/G219R) revealed reduced levels of binding to different anti-CD154 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and CD40-immunoglobulin (CD40-Ig). However, recognition of the polymorphic and wild-type CD154 molecules by a polyclonal antiserum was comparable, suggesting that the polymorphism affects the ability of the protein to interact with CD40 but does not significantly alter its surface expression. To determine if reduced cross-linking of CD40 mediated decreased functional effects, three CD40-dependent properties were measured. We found that pathways leading to the induction of surface CD23, CD80, and Iγ transcription were activated in response to CD154/G219R signalling. However, the decrease in affinity for CD40 by the mutated CD154 affected the ability of CD40-Ig to efficiently interfere with the binding and effectively block induced CD80 expression. In contrast, we found that the 5c8 mAb, which recognized the polymorphic molecule to a similar extent as wild-type CD154, effectively blocked the interaction between CD154/G219R and CD40 as measured by CD80 expression. These findings suggest that naturally occurring polymorphisms in the CD154 molecule may affect the ability of CD40-mediated functions to be blocked by soluble CD40 or anti-CD154 mAb in the therapeutic treatment of disease and graft rejection.
Mice that lack thrombospondin 2 display connective tissue abnormalities that are associated with disordered collagen fibrillogenesis, an increased vascular density, and a bleeding diathesis.

Thrombospondin (TSP) 2, and its close relative TSP1, are extracellular proteins whose functions are complex, poorly understood, and controversial. In an attempt to determine the function of TSP2, we disrupted the Thbs2 gene by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, and generated TSP2-null mice by blastocyst injection and appropriate breeding of mutant animals. Thbs2 −/− mice were produced with the expected Mendelian frequency, appeared overtly normal, and were fertile. However, on closer examination, these mice displayed a wide variety of abnormalities. Collagen fiber patterns in skin were disordered, and abnormally large fibrils with irregular contours were observed by electron microscopy in both skin and tendon. As a functional correlate of these findings, the skin was fragile and had reduced tensile strength, and the tail was unusually flexible. Mutant skin fibroblasts were defective in attachment to a substratum. An increase in total density and in cortical thickness of long bones was documented by histology and quantitative computer tomography. Mutant mice also manifested an abnormal bleeding time, and histologic surveys of mouse tissues, stained with an antibody to von Willebrand factor, showed a significant increase in blood vessels. The basis for the unusual phenotype of the TSP2-null mouse could derive from the structural role that TSP2 might play in collagen fibrillogenesis in skin and tendon. However, it seems likely that some of the diverse manifestations of this genetic disorder result from the ability of TSP2 to modulate the cell surface properties of mesenchymal cells, and thus, to affect cell functions such as adhesion and migration.
The piggyBac element is capable of precise excision and transposition in cells and embryos of the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae.

Abstract The piggyBac transposable element was tested for transposition activity in plasmid-based excision and inter-plasmid transposition assays to determine if this element would function in Anopheles gambiae cells and embryos. In the Mos55 cell line, precise excision of the piggyBac element was observed only in the presence of a helper plasmid. Excision occurred at a rate of 1 event per 1000 donor plasmids screened. Precise excision of the piggyBac element was also observed in injected An. gambiae embryos, but at a lower rate of 1 excision per 5000 donor plasmids. Transposition of the marked piggyBac element into a target plasmid occurred in An. gambiae cells at a rate of 1 transposition event per 24,000 donor plasmids. The piggyBac element transposed in a precise manner, with the TTAA target site being duplicated upon insertion, in 56% of transpositions observed, and only in the presence of the piggyBac helper. The remaining transpositions resulted in a deletion of target sequence, a novel observation for the phenomenon of piggyBac element insertion. ‘Hot spots’ for insertion into the target plasmid were observed, with 25 of 34 events involving one particular site. These results are the first demonstration of the precise mobility of piggyBac in this malaria vector and suggest that the lepidopteran piggyBac transposon is a candidate element for germline transformation of anopheline mosquitoes.
The impact of foreign patents on national economy: A case of the United States, Japan, Germany and Britain

In an earlier study the focus was on the differences and similiarities in patent practices and their discriminatory implications among the United States, Japan, Germany and Britain from a corporate perspective. Here, the impact of foreign patents on each national economy is examined from a macroeconomic point of view. Findings suggest that discriminatory patent practices in these countries have affected their economic growth in some predictable ways, given their respective domestic technological infrastructure.
Model based error correction for wireless sensor networks

One of the main challenges in wireless sensor networks is to provide low-cost, low-energy reliable data collection. Reliability against transient errors in sensor data can be provided using the model-based error correction described in (S. Mukhopadhyay et al., Mar. 2004), in which temporal correlation in the data is used to correct errors without any overheads at the sensor nodes. In the above work it is assumed that a perfect model of the data is available. However, as variations in the physical process are context-dependent and time-varying in a real sensor network, it is infeasible to have an accurate model of the data properties a priori, thus leading to reduced correction efficiency. In this paper, we address this issue by presenting a scalable methodology for improving the accuracy of data modeling through on-line estimation and model updates. Additionally, we propose enhancements to the data correction algorithm to incorporate robustness against dynamic model changes and potential modeling errors. We evaluate our system through simulations using real sensor data collected from different sources. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed enhancements lead to an improvement of up to a factor of 10 over the earlier approach.
Stock returns, dividend yields, and taxes

Using an improved measure of a common stock's annualized dividend yield, we document that risk-adjusted NYSE stock returns increase in dividend yield during the period from 1963 to 1994. This relation between return and yield is robust to various specifications of multifactor asset pricing models that incorporate the Fama–French factors. The magnitude of the yield effect is too large to be explained by a “tax penalty” on dividend income and is not explained by previously documented anomalies. Interestingly, the effect is primarily driven by smaller market capitalization stocks and zero-yield stocks.
Metrology control for an advanced 200 mm sub-micron wafer fab

The advent of sub-micron technology in semiconductor device fabrication has placed a greater emphasis on calibration control of metrology instruments. As device dimensions shrink, accuracy requirements for such instruments is gaining more importance. This paper will discuss the initial set-up methodology during start-up and the control procedures for routine maintenance of metrology instruments in our advanced sub-micron wafer fab. A methodical approach to determining systematic error associated with metrology instruments, using the concepts of tool accuracy, gauge repeatability and reproducibility is presented. Start-up and routine monitoring results for certain metrology instruments such as ellipsometers, scanning electron microscopes, and particle detectors is presented to illustrate our approach.
Fundamentals of Wireless Communication (Tse, D. and Viswanath, P.) [Book review]

This book provides a thorough coverage of wireless communication fundamentals, with emphasis on information-theoretic concepts. Some of the topics covered include: mathematical models for the physical channel; digital communication and the concept of diversity transmission for fading channels; cellular systems; capacity of wireless channels; multi-user capacity and opportunistic communication; and an extensive treatment of MIMO systems. The list of references is extensive and the index has been prepared with considerable care. The book would make an ideal resource for graduate students seeking a first exposure to the field.
Unusual reactivity of a silver mineralizing peptide.

The ability of peptides selected via phage display to mediate the formation of inorganic nanoparticles is now well established. The atomic-level interactions between the selected peptides and the metal ion precursors are in most instances, however, largely obscure. We identified a new peptide sequence that is capable of mediating the formation of Ag nanoparticles. Surprisingly, nanoparticle formation requires the presence of peptide, HEPES buffer, and light; the absence of any one of these compromises nanoparticle formation. Electrochemical experiments revealed that the peptide binds Ag + in a 3 Ag + :1 peptide ratio and significantly alters the Ag + reduction potential. Alanine replacement studies yielded insight into the sequence-function relationships of Ag nanoparticle formation, including the Ag + coordination sites and the residues necessary for Ag synthesis. In addition, the peptide was found to function when immobilized onto surfaces, and the specific immobilizing concentration could be adjusted to yield either spherical Ag nanoparticles or high aspect ratio nanowires. These studies further illustrate the range of interesting new solid-state chemistries possible using biomolecules.
Determination of electron relaxation time from the giant quantum oscillations in the acoustic absorption of metals

Abstract The effect of collisions on the giant quantum oscillations in the acoustic absorption of metals is studied. It is predicted that the giant oscillations will disappear and then reappear as the acoustic frequency is increased. The disappearance occurs for frequencies in the range of the electron collision frequency; thus the effect offers a new method of studying the electron relaxation time.
Larynx vs. esophagus as reflexogenic sites for acid-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs

Bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients is frequently associated with gastroesophageal reflux. However, it is still unclear whether bronchoconstriction originates from the esophagus or from aspir...
The impact of age, HIV serostatus and seroconversion on methamphetamine use

ABSTRACTBackground: Characterizing methamphetamine use in relation to age, HIV serostatus and seroconversion is pertinent given the increasingly older age of the population with HIV and the intertwined epidemics of methamphetamine use and HIV. Objectives: Study aims were to investigate whether (i) methamphetamine use differs by age and HIV serostatus, and (ii) receiving an HIV diagnosis impacts methamphetamine use among younger and older persons with HIV. Methods: This study examined methamphetamine use characteristics among 217 individuals with a lifetime methamphetamine dependence diagnosis who completed an in-person study assessment. Results: Multivariable regressions revealed that HIV serostatus uniquely attenuates methamphetamine use, such that persons with HIV report a smaller cumulative quantity (β = −0.16, p = 0.01) and a fewer number of days (β = −0.18, p = 0.004) of methamphetamine use than persons without HIV. Among the HIV+ sample, all participants persisted in methamphetamine use after receiv...
Preschool vision screening: update on guidelines and techniques.

Purpose of review To discuss the current preschool vision screening (PVS) guidelines and review some of the newest vision screening techniques. The different vision screening practices and barriers to screening are discussed. Recent findings Vision screening guidelines, which have been developed in response to the advances in technology and increased understanding of the developing visual system, have been recently updated by some of the major medical organizations that endorse vision screening. With advances in vision screening technology, there is a growing trend for screening at younger ages. Summary PVS has been widely endorsed by various medical organizations as an effective way to detect preventable and treatable vision problems of childhood. Although PVS is widely recommended, actual screening rates remain low. There are several real and perceived barriers to screening which often prevents successful screening programs. Current vision screening guidelines take into account the recent advances in technology. With the development of new devices, vision screening can effectively be performed at younger ages.
Wall teichoic acids prevent antibody binding to epitopes within the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that produces a range of infections including cellulitis, pneumonia, and septicemia. The principle mechanism in antistaphylococcal host defense is opsonization with antibodies and complement proteins, followed by phagocytic clearance. Here we use a previously developed technique for installing chemical epitopes in the peptidoglycan cell wall to show that surface glycopolymers known as wall teichoic acids conceal cell wall epitopes, preventing their recognition and opsonization by antibodies. Thus, our results reveal a previously unrecognized immunoevasive role for wall teichoic acids in S. aureus: repulsion of peptidoglycan-targeted antibodies.
A Study of Computer-aided Timetable Scheduling General Management System in Laboratory

In order to inprove the practicality of laboratory’s timetable scheduling,present computer-aided timetable scheduling general management system with more function and capability. By real usage of this system,it can raise the work efficiency, decrease the margin for error,at the same time, it can dynamic monitor the running of experimental teaching and quantify management.
Psychodynamic psychiatry in the "decade of the brain".

Objective and method To illustrate the continued relevance of psychodynamic thinking in the practice of contemporary psychiatry, the author reviews a number of studies that demonstrate the intimate connection between psychosocial and neurophysiological factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. A survey of three specific anxiety disorders illustrates the complex interaction between mind and brain in these disorders. Results Research on both primates and humans suggests that psychological influences result in permanent alterations of a neurobiological nature. Similarly, psychological interventions in a treatment context may have a profound impact on neurophysiology. Clinical case examples demonstrate that "biologically based" disorders may be rich in unconscious meaning. Clinical understanding of the meaning of symptoms may be instrumental in ensuring patients' compliance with pharmacotherapy regimens and in the removal of other resistances to treatment. Conclusions In contemporary psychiatry, a psychodynamic perspective must be preserved. Without it, meaning will be lost, and both diagnostic understanding and informed treatment planning will suffer as a result.
Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are relatively rare types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with unique clinical presentation. Based on the WHO/EORTC classification, PCBCL are grouped in five major categories: marginal zone, follicular, diffuse large B cell of the leg type or non-leg type, and intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. In this chapter, we will review the clinical pathological characteristics of these categories and current treatment recommendations.
Adsorption of Ferrocene on Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Activated Carbon

Ferrocene could be adsorbed on activated carbon, carbon nanotube surfaces, graphite, and graphene in the absence of a solvent at room temperature in spite of its high melting point (174 °C). In each case only monolayers formed via self-adsorption and the transition to surplus polycrystalline material was abrupt, with no multiple layers occurring. Variable-temperature multinuclear solid-state NMR spectroscopy was applied to study the mobilities of the surface-adsorbed ferrocene molecules. It has been demonstrated that on favorable supports the major anisotropic interactions that usually broaden the solid-state NMR signals of polycrystalline and amorphous materials were reduced or completely eliminated due to the mobility of the adsorbed ferrocene. In favorable cases the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) and the dipolar and quadrupolar interactions were reduced to a degree that allowed the recording of the spectra of the solid materials on a conventional solution NMR spectrometer.
A Short Note on the Relationship Between Pass Rate and Multiple Attempts

For a certification, licensure, or placement exam, allowing examinees to take multiple attempts at the test could effectively change the pass rate. Change in the pass rate can occur without any change in the underlying latent trait, and can be an artifact of multiple attempts and imperfect reliability of the test. By deriving formulae to compute the pass rate under two definitions, this article provides tools for testing practitioners to compute and evaluate the change in the expected pass rate when a certain (maximum) number of attempts are allowed without any change in the latent trait. This article also includes a simulation study that considers change in ability and differential motivation of examinees to retake the test. Results indicate that the general trend shown by the analytical results is maintained—that is, the marginal expected pass rate increases with more attempts when the testing volume is defined as the total number of test takers, and decreases with more attempts when the testing volume is defined as the total number of test attempts.
Reference: Semiotic Theory

Gottlob Frege's distinction between ‘sense’ and ‘reference’ eventually raised serious questions regarding whether reference is to a sign's respective object or to other signs, whether there is fixed reference or a process of meaning change, and whether meaning is in the sign, the object, or the relations between them. Intensional imaginary or fictive signs for which there is no extended reference aggravate these problems. Various solutions have been forthcoming, but they often remain lodged within a dualistic framework. Charles S. Peirce, in contrast, proposes a triadic consideration of signs, their reference, their interdependent interrelated interactivity, and their meaning.
Dry-Oxy Methane Reforming with Mixed e–/CO32– Conducting Membranes

We report here an alternative way to make syngas from dry-oxy methane reforming with CO2 and O2 directly captured from flue gas by a mixed e–/CO32– conducting membrane in a single reactor loaded with a reforming catalyst. The mixed e–/CO32– conducting membrane is comprised of a porous electronic conductor (silver) with the skeleton overcoated with a nanoscaled ZrO2 within which a molten carbonate is withheld. The reforming catalyst is Ni supported on MgO impregnated with 1 wt % Pt (NMP). With a simulated flue gas as the CO2/O2 source and CH4–Ar as the sweep gas, the reactor can convert >82% CH4 under all conditions tested. The rates of H2 and CO production reach as high as 4.0 and 4.2 mL min–1 cm–2, respectively, at 800 °C. A long-term test shows a reasonably stable performance within 115 h. Overall, this work demonstrates the technical feasibility of a new capture-and-conversion “all-in-one” CO2 reactor for efficient and cost-effective syngas production via dry-oxy methane reforming.
The Impact of WIC on Infant Immunizations and Health Care Utilization

Objective To test how prenatal participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) impacts health care utilization and immunizations within the first year of an infant's life. Data source We utilize comprehensive South Carolina Medicaid claims data from 2004 to 2013 linked with birth certificates data from 2004 to 2012. These data contain information on WIC participation and all health care utilization within the first year of an infant's life. Study design We employ a maternal fixed-effects empirical design to control for unobserved factors that influence WIC participation and health care utilization. Principal findings We estimate that WIC participation increases infant health care utilization within the first year of life by 0.20 well-child visits (95 percent CI 0.16-0.23), by 0.22 vaccinations (95 percent CI 0.17-0.27), and by increasing the probability of receiving care in an emergency room by 2.9 percentage points (95 percent CI 2.0-3.8). Additionally, our results show that WIC participation decreases the average number of days an infant spends in the hospital within his or her first year of life by 0.41 days (95 percent CI 0.22-0.60). Conclusions These findings suggest that WIC may increase health care costs in some dimensions while reducing it in others, and more work is needed to fully evaluate the impact of the program on future expenditures.
Assessing robustness of hazard ratio estimates to outcome misclassification in longitudinal panel studies with application to Alzheimer's disease.

Analyses of imperfectly assessed time to event outcomes give rise to biased hazard ratio estimates. This bias is a common challenge for studies of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) because AD neuropathology can only be identified through brain autopsy and is therefore not available for most study participants. Clinical AD diagnosis, although more widely available, has imperfect sensitivity and specificity relative to AD neuropathology. In this study we present a sensitivity analysis approach using a bias-adjusted discrete proportional hazards model to quantify robustness of results to misclassification of a time to event outcome and apply this method to data from a longitudinal panel study of AD. Using data on 1,955 participants from the Adult Changes in Thought study we analyzed the association between average glucose level and AD neuropathology and conducted sensitivity analyses to explore how estimated hazard ratios varied according to AD classification accuracy. Unadjusted hazard ratios were closer to the null than estimates obtained under most scenarios for misclassification investigated. Confidence interval estimates from the unadjusted model were substantially underestimated compared to adjusted estimates. This study demonstrates the importance of exploring outcome misclassification in time to event analyses and provides an approach that can be undertaken without requiring validation data.
A hybrid simulation model of helping behavior

Companies in a variety of industries rely on their employees to work together effectively in teams to achieve their objectives. However, finding ways to encourage collaborative behavior to optimize a team's performance is often challenging. In particular, managers would like to be able to increase the likelihood that team members decide to help each other, in the event of workload imbalances. In this paper, a hybrid simulation (ABM-DES) model has been developed to investigate how workers' predisposition to altruistic tendencies, an important personality factor, influences their willingness to help their co-workers on a production task. Model inputs were derived from experimental data, including participants' personalities, perceptions, and decisions regarding whether or not to help team members complete a task. Simulation results suggest that highly altruistic individuals are more likely to help their co-workers.
Super Obesity in the Medical Intensive Care Unit

Background:Studies exploring the effect of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) have yielded mixed results, with few studies assessing patients at the extremes of obes...
Disparities in Initial Oral Antidiabetic Medication Adherence Among Veterans with Incident Diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Medication nonadherence is a prevalent public health issue, particularly among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and negatively affects health outcomes. Because of the prevalence of...
Cardiovascular disease among United States military veterans: Evidence of a waning healthy soldier effect using the National Health Interview Survey.

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease is the most common chronic health condition affecting Americans. One important group of Americans that health researchers have noted as key to understanding general population health and wellbeing are veterans of the US military. The healthy soldier effect has been used to explain the health benefits of military service during and for a period of time after service. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in a national sample of veterans and non-veterans with specific attention paid to reported cardiovascular disease across ages.MethodsA total of 150,067 veteran and non-veteran respondents from the National Health Interview Survey were examined for the likelihood of reporting the type and number of cardiovascular conditions.ResultsVeterans report higher rates of certain cardiovascular disease conditions and report a higher number of cardiovascular disease conditions compared to non-veterans. Veterans also reported higher numbers of ...
Product Design and Commercialization

There are three characteristics to every design: visceral, behavioral, and reflective. These three characteristics are interwoven through every design, eliciting both an emotional and a cognitive response. Our emotions are inseparable from and are a necessary part of our perceptions (i.e., cognitive functions). Emotions are also a necessary part of life because they affect how our feelings, behavior, and thoughts. In fact, without an emotional response to different situations, our decision-making abilities would be seriously impaired. Our emotional response to our immediate environment is how information is transmitted to our conscious awareness. For example, fear is an emotional response to a dangerous situation, and joy is the response to pleasant situations. Some objects, or situations, we encounter will evoke a strong emotion such as love or hate, happiness or disgust. Take for example how you felt the first time at seeing an original Shelby Cobra GT, or a photograph of the Grand Canyon at sunrise. Now compare that to how you would feel while touring the Holocaust Museum, the Viet Nam War Memorial.
CRYSTALLINE QUARK.HADRON PHASE IN NEUTRON STARS

The textbook example of a first order phase transition is for what we refer to as a simple system, one that has a single conserved charge or independent component. The constancy of the pressure throughout the mixed phase independent of the proportion of the two phases is its most special feature, and one that has noticeable consequences under many circumstances. For example, if a neutron star underwent such a constant pressure phase transition, the mixed phase would be totally absent, since the pressure in a gravitating body is monotonic. But such constant pressure phase transitions are a special case and not at all general. For a general substance having more than one conserved charge we prove two theorems: (1) The pressure and the nature of the phases in equilibrium change continuously as the proportion of the phases varies from one pure phase to the other. (2) If one of the conserved charges is the Coulomb force, an intermediate-range order will be created by the competition between Coulomb and surface interface energy. Their sum is minimized when the coexistence phase assumes a Coulomb lattice of one phase immersed in the other. The geometry will vary continuously as the proportion of phases. We illustrate the theorems for a simple description of the hadron to quark phase transition in neutron stars and find a crystalline phase many kilometers thick.
The diagnosis and management of idiosyncratic drug‐induced liver injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an uncommon but important cause of liver disease that can arise after exposure to a multitude of drugs and herbal and dietary supplements. The severity of idiosyncratic DILI varies from mild serum aminotransferase elevations to the development of severe liver injury that can progress to acute liver failure resulting in death or liver transplantation within days of DILI onset. Chronic liver injury that persists for more than 6 months after DILI onset is also becoming increasingly recognized in up to 20% of DILI patients. Host demographic (age, gender, race), clinical and laboratory features at DILI onset have been associated with the severity and outcome of liver injury in DILI patients. In addition to cessation of the suspect drug, other medical interventions including the use of N-acetylcysteine and corticosteroids in selected patients have shown some clinical benefit, but additional prospective studies are needed. A number of promising diagnostic, prognostic and mechanistic serum and genetic biomarkers may help improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of idiosyncratic DILI.
Emergent Life Events: An In-Depth Investigation of Characteristics and Provider Responses during Youth Evidence-Based Treatment.

Emergent life events (ELEs), or acute client stressors disclosed within psychotherapy sessions, are not addressed by many evidence-based psychosocial treatments (EBTs). Preliminary provider-report ...
Utility of rapid onsite evaluation of touch imprint cytology from endoscopic and cholangioscopic forceps biopsy sampling (with video).

Background and Aims Rapid onsite evaluation of touch imprint cytology (ROSE-TIC) is a simple and rapid method used for the diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE-TIC for advanced intestinal luminal and indeterminate pancreatobiliary lesions during endoscopy. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients who underwent endoscopy or ERCP between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. It included patients who were referred for the treatment of intestinal luminal lesions or evaluation of indeterminate pancreatobiliary lesions. The slides were prepared by gently touching the specimen onto a glass slide and were examined under the microscope. The main outcome measure was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ROSE-TIC by comparing the onsite cytology findings with the corresponding off-site histologic diagnosis. Results All 222 patients (106 pancreatobiliary and 116 GI lesions) had a prior benign diagnosis of intestinal luminal lesions or indeterminate diagnosis of pancreatobiliary lesions. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of ROSE-TIC were 97%, 85%, 83%, 97.2%, and 90%, respectively. The accuracy varied with the site of the biopsy sample. The accuracy was lowest for upper GI tract, where it was 85.2% but was 95% for lower GI tract lesions. Conclusions By establishing a rapid onsite diagnosis, ROSE-TIC expedites decision-making on patient management. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Clinical Outcomes After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis in Pediatric Patients.

BACKGROUND Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard surgical reconstruction for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who undergo total proctocolectomy (TPC). Although patients receive the same reconstruction, their postoperative complications can differ. We hypothesize that indication for TPC and other preoperative clinical factors are associated with differences in postoperative outcomes following IPAA. METHODS A retrospective cohort of pediatric patients who underwent proctocolectomy with IPAA from 1996 to 2016 was identified. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative clinical variables were collected. Univariate analyses were performed to evaluate for relevant postoperative clinical differences. RESULTS Seventy-nine patients, 17 with FAP and 62 with UC, were identified. FAP patients spent a mean of 1125 ± 1011 d between initial diagnosis and first surgery compared to 585 ± 706 d by UC patients (P = 0.038). FAP patients took a mean of 57 ± 38 d to complete TPC with IPAA compared to UC patients at 177 ± 121 d (P < 0.001). FAP and UC patients did not differ in mean number of bowel movements at their 6-mo postoperative visit (4.7 ± 2.1 versus 5.6 ± 1.9, respectively [P = 0.134]). FAP patients were less likely to experience pouchitis (P = 0.009), pouch failure (P < 0.001), and psychiatric symptoms (P = 0.019) but more likely to experience bowel obstruction (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS IPAA is a safe, restorative treatment for FAP and UC patients after TPC. Based on diagnosis and preoperative course, there are differences in morbidity in IPAA patients. Clinical data such as these will allow surgeons to help families anticipate their child's preoperative and postoperative courses and to maximize successful postoperative outcomes.
Walking in Two Worlds: Hmong End of Life Beliefs & Rituals

For over 40 years, the Hmong have sought refuge in the United States; however, many Hmong elders continue to honor healthcare and end-of-life beliefs and rituals that they practiced in their home country. With little knowledge by the general public and healthcare systems about these beliefs and rituals, healthcare professionals may struggle to provide the Hmong community with culturally-sensitive care. This study sought to address this gap by conducting in-depth face-to-face interviews with 12 Animist and 8Christian Hmong elders born in Southeast Asia, who now reside in the United States. Results provided insights regarding the heterogeneity among these Hmong elders concerning their end-of-life beliefs and rituals. Both Animist and Christian respondents believed family should provide care at end of life. Animist Hmong elders reported the importance of Shamanistic rituals such as soul calling or spiritual offering while Christian Hmong elders believed in the power of prayers. Healthcare providers need to assess Hmong elders' preferences for care at end of life, be open to the inclusion of traditional healers in their care and/or decision-making, and understand preferences of family and community members' involvement in care at the end of life.
Implementing Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Clinical Best Practice in the Bronx, New York

Abstract Purpose Inequitable access to quality adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) care may contribute to the high rate of teen pregnancy in the Bronx, New York. Bronx Teens Connection (BxTC), a community-wide intervention, sought to increase the number of ASRH best practices implemented and the number of females 12–19 years old receiving services by health centers in the Bronx. Methods To promote best practices, BxTC provided training and technical assistance to partnering health centers from 2011 to 2014. Health center staff completed a 26-item survey annually to document clinic practices and service utilization. Significance of changes was assessed with paired t tests. Results BxTC provided 285 hours of training and technical assistance to 12 partnering health centers. Eight health centers consistently completed the survey. Of the possible 31 ASRH best practices, the average number implemented increased from 23 in 2011 to 28 in 2014. Increases in unduplicated female adolescent patients were observed among Hispanics/Latinas (p = .026) and all females aged 15–17 (p = .035). Contraceptive coverage reported by six of the eight health centers increased among Hispanic/Latinas (32%–55%, p = .006), patients ages 15–17 (33%–53%, p = .005), and patients 18–19 (38%–56%, p = .036). The total number of hormonal implants provided to teens increased from two in 2011 to 173 in 2014. Conclusions Other jurisdictions may consider prioritizing clinical linkages in order to improve ASRH outcomes by supporting best practices and expanding access to services in the most disinvested neighborhoods.
Do public relations practitioners perceptually share ingroup affiliation with journalists

Abstract Upwards of 200 studies over the past hundred years have reported on the relationship between public relations practitioners and journalists. However, no experiment has compared the group members’ perceptions when seeing their roles in action. Inspired by frameworks of social identity theory, intergroup deception, and the black sheep effect, we test how public relations practitioners and journalists respond to a crisis communication media interview. In our experiment, a company spokesperson either answers questions or engages in stereotypical “spin,” which journalists historically consider one of the most offensive public relations strategies. Results indicate that public relations practitioners align with journalists in their perceptions of a spokesperson’s trustworthiness and the organization’s trustworthiness across treatment conditions. Practitioners also manifest the black sheep effect, disliking their group representative engaging in deception. Furthermore, we explore whether the effects on perceptions of trustworthiness are moderated by psychological identification with their respective industry. Discussion concerns the theoretical and practical ramifications of the groups sharing ingroup affiliation, contrary to prevailing notions of acrimony.
The effects of distributive and procedural justice on job satisfaction and organizational commitment ofcorrectional staff

Correctional staff are expensive, and they perform the most critical and central duty within the facility: the care and custody of inmates. Improving the job satisfaction and organizational commitm...
Evidence for model-based encoding of Pavlovian contingencies in the human brain

Prominent accounts of Pavlovian conditioning successfully approximate the frequency and intensity of conditioned responses under the assumption that learning is exclusively model-free; that animals do not develop a cognitive map of events. However, these model-free approximations fall short of comprehensively capturing learning and behavior in Pavlovian conditioning. We therefore performed multivoxel pattern analysis of high-resolution functional MRI data in human participants to test for the encoding of stimulus-stimulus associations that could support model-based computations during Pavlovian conditioning. We found that dissociable sub-regions of the striatum encode predictions of stimulus-stimulus associations and predictive value, in a manner that is directly related to learning performance. Activity patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex were also found to be related to stimulus-stimulus as well as value encoding. These results suggest that the brain encodes model-based representations during Pavlovian conditioning, and that these representations are utilized in the service of behavior.
Translanguaging through Story: Empowering Children to Use their Full Language Repertoire

Translanguaging through story documents the progression of an emerging bilingual preschooler who draws on his full linguistic repertoire to story his experiences with others. Over the course of the...
Kinetics and Optimization of Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of WCO Using 2-Propanol as a Hydrogen Donor over NiOx–MoOx–CoOx/Zeolite

Process optimization and reaction kinetics of catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of waste cooking oil (WCO) into jet fuels using zeolite-supported Ni–Co–Mo oxides catalyst in a packed-bed reactor were studied. Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (360, 390, and 420 °C) to determine the rate constants, the order of reaction, and the activation energy. The kinetics study showed a first-order reaction with the activation energy estimated to be 84 ± 18.7 kJ/mol WCO with 95% confidence. Design of experiment (DOE) was employed to estimate the optimum reaction parameters using the polynomial model (383.7 °C; 14.8 bar; WCO-to-2-propanol ratio = 1.57 mL/mL; weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) = 6.7 h–1). Validation of the model at the optimum operating conditions generated 80% yield of liquid products with 77% alkanes, 3.8% alkenes, and 12.3% aromatics composition, and 6.7% gases, and 100% conversion of WCO. The catalyst was prepared via the wet impregnation method and characterized by X-...
Mood Worsening on Days with High Pollen Counts is associated with a Summer Pattern of Seasonality.

Background Summer/spring-type seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD) is the less common subtype of seasonal affective disorder and evidence regarding potential triggers of S-SAD is scarce. Recent reports support association of airborne-pollen with seasonal exacerbation of depression (mood seasonality) and timing of suicidal behavior. Therefore, we hypothesized that Old Order Amish (OOA) with summer/spring pattern of seasonality (abbreviated as summer pattern) and S-SAD will have significant mood worsening on high pollen days. Methods A seasonal pattern of mood worsening and SAD parameters were estimated using Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Age- and gender-adjusted ANCOVAs and post hoc analyses were conducted to compare mood worsening on days with high pollen counts between summer-pattern vs no-summer-pattern of mood worsening, S-SAD vs no-S-SAD, winter-pattern vs no-winter-pattern of mood worsening, and W-SAD vs no-W-SAD groups. Results The prevalence of S-SAD was 0.4%, while 4.5% of individuals had a summer pattern of mood seasonality. A statistically significant difference for mood worsening on high pollen days was observed between summer-pattern vs no-summer-pattern of mood worsening (p = 0.006). The significant association between S-SAD vs no-SAD groups (p = 0.032) for mood worsening on high pollen days did not withstand Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons. No significant association was found for winter-pattern vs no-winter-pattern of mood worsening (p = 0.61) and for W-SAD vs no-W-SAD (p = 0.19) groups. Conclusion Our results are consistent with previous studies implicating links between aeroallergen exposure and summer pattern of seasonality, but not the winter pattern of seasonality.
Children who engaged in interpersonal problematic sexual behaviors.

Abstract Background Over one-third of inappropriate sexual contact experienced by children is initiated by other children. Many studies examined child initiators (CIs) of interpersonal problematic sexual behaviors (IPSBs). This study uniquely links CI information with types of sexual contact as described by children they engaged in IPSBs. Objective Describe CIs’ characteristics and types of sexual acts they initiated. Participants/Setting Medical charts of CIs and children they engaged in IPSBs. Examinations occurred between 2002 and 2013. Methods Retrospective chart review. Results Most CIs were male (83%) and related to the child they engaged in IPSBs (75%); mean age was 10 years (range 4–17); 58% reported viewing sexually explicit media; 47% experienced sexual abuse. Most CIs (68%) engaged in multiple types of IPSBs. Children who experienced IPSBs initiated by males reported engagement in greater numbers of invasive acts (t(216) = 2.03, p = .043). Older CIs were more likely than younger CIs to report viewing sexually explicit media (χ2(1) = 7.81, p = .007) and those who did were more likely to initiate more invasive acts (t(169) = 2.52, p = .013) compared to CIs who did not. Conclusions In this study, most CIs were young and experienced multiple adverse events; the most common types of IPSBs were invasive; and over half the CIs had been exposed to sexually explicit media, which was associated with initiating invasive sexual acts. These findings suggest aiming prevention efforts at young children to help them manage exposure to sexually explicit media and redress victimization experiences.
El romance familiar en la narrativa hispanoamericana decimonónica femenina: en búsqueda de modelos de ciudadanía

Mediante una abstraccion de la relacion nacion-familia, la novela hispanoamericana del siglo XIX asimila las tensiones dramaticas heredadas de los modelos literarios franceses e ingleses, en los que los desvarios amorosos y las pasiones se confrontaban con el desarrollo de las naciones modernas. En la obra de Clorinda Matto de Turner la familia se vuelve el nucleo a partir del cual el progreso social es posible; coloca a la mujer como eje rector de la familia y es su conducta la que condiciona el porvenir de la nacion. A traves de esta tematica las jovenes republicas intentan lograr la transformacion social que estimulo las independencias. En este articulo se expone dicha problematica a traves de las teorias de Francine Masiello y Doris Sommer, tomando en cuenta la metafora del “romance familiar o nacional”, que sirve como base teorica para el analisis de esta etapa de formacion literaria hispanoamericana, y de la simbologia que Matto de Turner utiliza para ilustrar su version del funcionamiento social.
Baseline 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Scores Predict Cognitive Function in Older Persons, and Particularly Women, Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated comorbidities increase the risk of cognitive impairment in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). Given the potential composite effect of multiple cardiovascular risk factors on cognition, we examined the ability of the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score and the Framingham Heart Study Global CVD risk score (FRS) to predict future cognitive function in older PLWH. Methods We constructed linear regression models evaluating the association between baseline 10-year cardiovascular risk scores and cognitive function (measured by a summary z-score, the NPZ-4) at a year 4 follow-up visit. Results Among 988 participants (mean age, 52 years; 20% women), mean 10-year ASCVD risk score at entry into the cohort was 6.8% (standard deviation [SD], 7.1%) and FRS was 13.1% (SD, 10.7%). In models adjusted only for cognitive function at entry, the ASCVD risk score significantly predicted year 4 NPZ-4 in the entire cohort and after stratification by sex (for every 1% higher ASCVD risk, year 4 NPZ-4 was lower by 0.84 [SD, 0.28] overall, P = .003; lower by 2.17 [SD, 0.67] in women, P = .001; lower by 0.78 [SD, 0.32] in men, P = .016). A similar relationship was observed between FRS and year 4 NPZ-4. In multivariable models, higher 10-year ASCVD risk and FRS predicted lower NPZ-4 in women. Conclusions Baseline 10-year ASCVD risk and FRS predicted future cognitive function in older PLWH with well-controlled infection. Cardiovascular risk scores may help to identify PLWH, especially women, who are at risk for worse cognition over time.