cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges When Engaging Diabetic Patients and Their Clinicians in Using E-Health Technologies to Improve Clinical Outcomes

Diabetes mellitus DM is a chronic disease affecting more than 285 people worldwide and the fourth leading cause of death. Increasing evidence suggests that many DM patients have poor adherence with prescribed medication therapies, impacting clinical outcomes. Patients' barriers to medication adherence and the extent to which barriers contribute to poor outcomes, however, are not routinely assessed. We designed a dashboard for an electronic health record system to integrate DM disease and medication data, including patient-reported barriers to adherence. The dashboard was pilot tested at multiple ambulatory clinics to examine whether integrated electronic tools can support patient-centered decision-making processes involving complex medication regimens for DM and other chronic diseases. During pilot testing, we encountered several challenges when engaging patients and clinicians in using the dashboard as well as a portal used to gather self-reported psychosocial information directly from patients. In this paper we explore those challenges and suggest methods for better supporting the adoption and use of e-health technologies to improve care delivery processes as well as health outcomes for populations like diabetic patients.
Advanced multi-mission operations system instrument toolkit: an open source instrument and small satellite operations toolkit

Instrument and small satellite missions often lack the budget, engineers, or experience to develop their own ground data and mission operations systems. The Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System (AMMOS) Instrument Toolkit (AIT) is an open source toolkit developed in support of International Space Station and small satellite missions at NASA with the intention of providing critical capabilities for mission development and operations in a light-weight and easily configured suite of tools. AIT provides capabilities for commanding and sequencing, telemetry processing, scripting via a Python API, Deep Space Network SLE interfaces, and a web-based API and user interface for near real time operations monitoring. AIT aims for installation and configuration simplicity and keeps dependency requirements to a minimum, allowing for the toolkit to be installed and setup in only a few simple steps. Additionally, AIT is licensed under the permissive MIT license and available via public source control systems for ease of adoption and interagency collaboration.
The Foreign Agents Registration Act Comes to Light amidst Probe into Russian Election Meddling: An Effort to Crack Down on Foreign Lobbyists or a Sign of Corruption

This article demonstrates that the Foreign Agents Registration Act (“FARA”), which is the United States law that requires “agents” of “foreign principals” to register with the Department of Justice, is deficient. Thus, I propose an amendment that imposes more severe penalties for violations and eliminates exemptions that have allowed politicians, lobbyists and attorneys to avoid the Act’s registration requirements. Additionally, this article examines the flaws in FARA by highlighting how such flaws opened the door for the events surrounding the investigations into Russian meddling in the 2016 United States election.
Pathways Governing Polyethylenimine Polyplex Transfection in Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds

Gene delivery using injectable hydrogels can serve as a potential method for regulated tissue regeneration in wound healing. Our microporous annealed particle (MAP) hydrogel has been shown to promote cellular infiltration in both skin and brain wounds, while reducing inflammation. Although the scaffold itself can promote healing, it is likely that other signals will be required to promote healing of hard-to-treat wounds. Gene delivery is one approach to introduce desired bioactive signals. In this study, we investigated how the properties of MAP hydrogels influence non-viral gene delivery of polyethylenimine-condensed plasmid to cells seeded within the MAP gel. From past studies, we found that gene transfer to cells seeded in tissue culture plastic differed from gene transfer to cells seeded inside hydrogel scaffolds. Since MAP scaffolds are generated from hydrogel microparticles that are approximately 100 μm in diameter, they display local characteristics that can be viewed as two-dimensional or three-di...
Prevalence and multi-morbid correlates of homelessness among veterans with HIV infection nationally in the veterans health administration.

ABSTRACTThis study sought to evaluate the risk of homelessness among HIV positive users of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) services. National VHA administrative data from Fiscal Year (FY) 2012...
Benefit Graph Extraction from Healthcare Policies.

With healthcare fraud accounting for financial losses of billions of dollars each year in the United States, the task of investigating regulation adherence is key to reduce the impact of Fraud, Waste and Abuse (FWA) on the healthcare industry. Providers rendering services to patients typically submit claims to healthcare insurance agencies. Such claims must follow specific compliance criteria specified by state and federal policies. This paper presents an ontology-based system that aims to support the FWA claim investigation process by extracting graph-based actionable knowledge from policy text describing those compliance criteria. We discuss the process of creating a domain-specific ontology to model human experts’ conceptualisations and to incorporate early-on the feedback of FWA investigators, who are the early adopters of our solution. We explore whether the ontology is expressive and flexible enough to model the diverse compliance processes and complex relationships defined in policy documents. The ontology is then used, in combination with natural language understanding and semantic techniques, to guide the extraction of a Knowledge Graph (KG) from policies. Our solution is validated in terms of correctness and completeness by comparing the extracted knowledge to a ground truth created by investigators. Lastly, we discuss further challenges our deployed semantic system needs to tackle in this novel scenario, with the prospect of supporting the investigation process.
The Family Meal Model: Influences on Family Mealtime Participation.

The family meal affords benefits such as positive nutritional habits, trust building, connecting, parent modeling, and teaching. During the school-aged years, families can support children’s develo...
Papillomavirus in Wildlife

Papillomaviruses (PV) are associated with epithelial malignancies in animals, including cancer in humans. Limited knowledge exists regarding the evolutionary history of non-human PV. We assessed the phylogeography of PV with emphasis in wildlife hosts. We explored the phylogenetic, geographic, and environmental relationships of PV and hosts applying Bayesian inference and spatial analyses of virus and hosts. We found that the available wildlife PV data support previous reports on the higher incidence of fibropapillomatosis over carcinoma in humans and wildlife, being mammals the most common host. We also found geographic bias on the available wildlife papillomavirus (WPV) information towards the Northern Hemisphere, which may have influenced our results to show Europe as the most likely origin of the available WPV lineages. Therefore, we highlight the need for detailed studies on the presence of WPV in regions and species not included in this study (e.g., reptiles from the tropics) to better inform sites of WPV origin, susceptible species, and spillover potential. Future studies of the clinical and subclinical occurrence, distribution, and phylogenetic signatures of WPV may help understand the spread, virulence, and epidemiology of PV in general. From an evolutionary perspective, our overview suggests that WPV are a promising host-pathogen system to untangle questions regarding co-evolution due to its large geographic distribution and occurrence in a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species.
Impact of the Commercial Introduction of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair on Mitral Surgical Practice.

Background There has been uncertainty regarding the effect of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) with MitraClip on cardiac surgical practice. Our aim was to examine the impact of the commerci...
Should I Buy This? A Decision-Making Tool for Surgical Value-Based Purchasing

Many considerations affect the value that a new instrument or product may generate in a surgical practice. This review serves as a guide for surgeons considering new purchases and/or wishing to advocate for hospital acquisition of new items. A summary of data from academic and industry practices is presented, with pertinent examples using relevant surgical devices such as disposable devices, laparoscopic trocars, and otologic endoscopes. Surgeons considering incorporating a new instrument or technology within their practice should weigh the following factors before decision making: patient and clinical care factors, surgeon and care team factors, and hospital factors such as cost, revenue, and sourcing. A surgeon well-versed in stakeholder interests who is involved in the purchase of a new instrument may have significant influence in value-based decision making that not only affects his or her practice but ultimately maximizes value for the patient.
Wiki HUEs: Understanding Wikipedia practices through Hindi, Urdu, and English takes on evolving regional conflict

Wikipedia is the product of thousands of editors working collaboratively to provide free and up-to-date encyclopedic information to its users. This article asks to what degree Wikipedia articles in three languages --- Hindi, Urdu, and English --- achieve Wikipedia's mission of making neutrally-presented, reliable information on a polarizing, controversial topic available to people around the globe. We chose the topic of the recent revocation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, which, along with other recent events in and concerning the region of Jammu and Kashmir, has drawn attention to related articles on Wikipedia. This work focuses on the English Wikipedia, being the preeminent language edition of the project, as well as the Hindi and Urdu editions. Hindi and Urdu are the two standardized varieties of Hindustani, a lingua franca of Jammu and Kashmir. We analyzed page view and revision data for three Wikipedia articles. Additionally, we interviewed editors from all three Wikipedias to learn differences in editing processes and motivations. While activity on South Asian language editions of Wikipedia is growing, at the time of writing, the Hindi and Urdu editions are still in their nascency. In Hindi and Urdu, as well as English, editors predominantly adhere to the principle of neutral point of view (NPOV), and these editors quash attempts by other editors to push political agendas.
An integrated flare minimization methodology for simultaneous turnaround operations of two chemical plants

Abstract Current flare minimization studies were exclusively focusing on single facility/plant under normal or abnormal operating conditions. Systematic studies are still lacking for simultaneous flare minimizations of multiple plants, which are all under their turnaround operations. In this paper, a novel methodology has been developed for simultaneous flare minimizations of two olefin plants under their turnarounds: one is to start up and the other is to shut down. Based on plant-wide dynamic modeling and simulation, new flare minimization opportunities coupling both start-up and shutdown operations have been explored and examined. Eventually, an integrated duo-plant flare minimization strategy has been identified and virtually demonstrated. A key merit of this study is that through the interplant material exchange, flaring sources from Plant A could be utilized by Plant B instead of being flared; meanwhile, flaring sources from Plant B could also be significantly reduced. Thus, the integrated flare minimization strategy has created a win-win situation that can simultaneously reduce flare emissions from both plants to their extreme potentials. Compared with conventional turnaround strategies, the case study performed in this paper shows that the total flaring amount for both olefin plants can be significantly reduced by 69.47%. Compared with a previous study, the flaring amount of the single plant has also been reduced by an extra of 18.18%. The development suggests potentially significant economic, environmental, and societal benefits. It has also laid a solid foundation for future studies and applications on simultaneous multi-plant flare minimizations through optimal design and scheduling of multi-plant interplant material exchanges.
The Longitudinal Associations of Sound Financial Management Behaviors and Marital Quality

We investigated the association between sound financial management behaviors and marital quality, particularly the direction of the association and a potential mediator. To do this, we used three waves of longitudinal dyadic data that spanned three years from 279 married couples living in a large northwestern city and a longitudinal path analysis that incorporated the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (Kenny et al. Dyadic data analysis. Guilford, New York City, 2006). Marital satisfaction at T1 was positively associated with sound financial management behavior for husbands; we only found actor effects, though. Wives’ T2 reports of sound financial management behavior were directly and negatively associated with their own reports of marital conflict at T3. Husbands’ T2 reports of sound financial management behavior was negatively associated with T3 economic pressure, which was positively associated with marital conflict. The indirect association was not statistically significant, however.
How did I get here? Individual differences in perceived retrospective personality change

Abstract People's beliefs about their own past personality development are associated with current and future self-concepts. Here, we report on 2 studies designed to elucidate the way people think about retrospective changes to their own personality. We found that incremental theories of personality were associated with greater perceived retrospective personality change and that perceived retrospective personality change was associated with the belief that specific volitional and situational causes were involved. In addition, we found that across all Big-5 personality traits and agency, higher current standing (in the socially desirable direction) was positively associated with greater perceived retrospective personality change. This research demonstrates how people vary in their beliefs about retrospective personality change.
Asymmetric Timing of Gain and Loss Recognition and Insider Trading Profitability

We provide evidence that the profitability of corporate insiders’ trading decreases in the degree of asymmetric timely loss recognition (TLR) of their firms’ financial reporting. Consistent with TL...
Revealing the diversity of hydropeaking flow regimes

Hydropeaking, a hydroelectricity generation strategy involving rapid changes to flow releases from dams in response to fluctuations in hourly-adjusted electricity markets, has been widely applied due to its economic efficiency. However, these operational practices produce sub-daily flow fluctuations that pose substantial hazards to riverine ecosystems and human activities. To ascertain the downstream impacts of hydropeaking, features of hydropeaking have been analyzed with respect to ecologically relevant hydrologic variables. However, since studies aiming to characterize hydropeaking regime often require manual feature extraction, they are limited to small temporal and spatial scales. Additionally, riverine ecologists have commonly treated hydropeaking as a broadly similar flow-alteration pattern regardless of the complexities of the electricity market and differences in the natural settings where it is applied. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether significantly different hydropeaking patterns exist on a regional scale, as revealed by the variation in hydropeaking over a long temporal scale (>five years). To fulfill this goal, a new algorithm, the Hydropeaking Event Detection Algorithm (HEDA), was developed in R to automate the characterization of hydropeaking flow regimes. Clustering analyses were conducted to explore the similarities and differences of hydropeaking regimes among 33 sites in numerous hydrologic regions of California. Four distinct classes of hydropeaking flow regimes were identified and distinguished by the duration and frequency of hydropeaking. Meanwhile, rate of change, amplitude and timing of hdyropeaking played less important roles in the classification.
The Operation of Nakhon Ratchasima Public Airport in Accordance with International Standard Rules, Formalities, Regulations and Conditions

The objectives of this research are to analyze and compare the operation of Nakhon Ratchasima Airport’s rules, formalities and regulations that related to Thai public airports that are responded to standard conditions of International Civil Aviation Organization. Research had processed by data collection and by related document analysis, in-depth interview with the main information providers, such as, Director of Nakhon Ratchasima Airport, Nakhorn Ratchasima Airport’s officers that worked in relation with the operation and the personnel from the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand who are currently Committees for Public Aerodrome Operating Certificate issuance. The studied results found that Nakhon Ratchasima Airport has not yet due for 2017 and 2018 annual budget inspection sequence of airport evaluation plan of The Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand. However, when consider for the operational readiness in accordance with the 3 standards of Nakhon Ratchasima Airport standard operation, they are: 1. Location and Safety Equipment. 2. Personnel Positions. 3. Standard Processing System, found that Nakhon Ratchasima Airport is ready for Location and Equipment aspect only. However, the other 2 unready conditions happened from Head Quarter’s supportive policies including airport own operations that caused the incomplete operation in accordance with criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust airport operational defects and connect the matters to the original affiliation or the units that are supervising evaluation of Public Aerodrome Operating Certificate issuance in order that Thai Public Airports are safety in accordance with international conditions.
Characterization of shale using Helium and Argon at high pressures

Abstract In order to estimate the shale gas in place and the eventual recovery during shale gas operations, one of the key requirements is to accurately characterize the shale's petrophysical and transport properties such as porosity, permeability, diffusivity, and storage capacity. Despite the many efforts reported in the technical literature aiming to provide an improved understanding of the complex pore structures and the associated fluid flow in gas shales, a complete characterization of organic-rich shale samples still poses a big challenge. In this work, we have characterized mass transfer and sorption in shale at different length scales using Helium (He) and Argon (Ar) as probe gases. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with a shale cube of ~1 cm3 in size and gas expansion experiments with a full-diameter core (3.5” in diameter) were used to measure sorption kinetics/isotherms and mass transfer, respectively. Both samples are from the same depth/location in the Marcellus shale formation. The TGA steady-state technique was initially used to generate excess sorption isotherms for Ar, while dynamic TGA experiments were used to study its sorption kinetics. The TGA experiments demonstrate that Ar, which has a similar sorption potential as Methane, but is generally assumed to be inert, adsorbs onto the surfaces of the mesoporous and microporous regions of the shale samples according to a Langmuir-type behavior. Helium expansion experiments, on the full-diameter core, were used to measure the overall porosity, on the basis that He is a non-sorbing and inert gas as compared to Ar. The He expansion experiments, furthermore, allow us to delineate the mass transfer of gas across the inherent hierarchy of pore sizes, including macropores (macro- and micro-cracks), mesopores and micropores. Similar expansion experiments were also performed with Ar to study the combined impact of mass transfer and sorption. A triple-porosity model (TPM) was utilized to interpret the He expansion experiments with the shale core and to extract (estimate) relevant transport parameters. We report and compare here the diffusivities and permeabilities of the whole core for both He and Ar, as calculated from the modeling and fitting of the experimental data. On the premise that the shale cube is representative of the matrix region of the core, the Ar sorption kinetics from the cube experiments were subsequently combined with the transport parameters extracted from the He experiments to predict the behavior of the Ar expansion test with the full-diameter core. An excellent agreement is observed between the model predictions and the experimental data. The experimental observations and their interpretation indicate that one must be cautious when using Ar to estimate the true porosity and permeability of shales. In addition, we demonstrate that He and Ar probe gases, when used in tandem, can be employed effectively as a tool to characterize shales in terms of mass transfer and sorption dynamics across scales.
Study of Hyperon-Nucleon Interaction in the Reaction K − d → π − p Λ at Rest

A $\ensuremath{\Lambda}p$ system with high statistics and mass resolution was studied in detail. The broad bump in the low-mass region can be attributed to contribution from both the impulse and final-state-interaction mechanisms. The low-energy $\ensuremath{\Lambda}p$ scattering parameters are deduced to be ${a}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}2.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ and ${\mathcal{r}}_{0}=3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0$ F. The higher mass spectrum can be fitted to two Breit-Wigner resonant structures with ${M}_{1}=2128.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{1}=7.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$, and ${M}_{2}=2138.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{2}=9.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4$ MeV. Attempts were carried out to understand these peaks via a $\ensuremath{\Sigma}N$ final-state-interaction model.
A gateway to the knowledge in Taiwan's digital archives

Taiwan's digital archives cover a broad range of cultural and natural assets. More than 2 million objects have been accumulated since the project was launched in 2002. As the number and diversity of digitised objects have increased rapidly, it has become increasingly difficult for people to gain a clear picture of the contents of the archives. To disseminate the abundant and diverse resources to the public, we are building a knowledge structure that consists of categorized keywords extracted from objects' metadata, and developing a function called "Tagging Tool" to facilitate fast and efficient mining of resources. For example, users who want to read an article enriched with archive collections can utilize the tool to identify archive specific keywords in the text automatically and annotate them with references to relevant resources. As a result, users can save a great deal of time on keyword searching, and contextualize various entities, such as historical events and people's names.
A Positive Theory of Eminent Domain

By examining a novel data set of land acquisitions and condemnations for roads by all 50 states, this article attempts to formulate a positive theory of states' invocation of their eminent domain power. Litigation models based on irrationality and asymmetric information suggest that geography, demography, and legal rules may influence the frequency with which state officials resort to condemnation. To a significant degree, the data support these models, as water area and hilliness (geography), population density (demography), and legal rules (fee-shifting statutes) explain a significant portion of the state-state variation in condemnation rates. A number of other theoretically relevant explanatory variables do not seem to influence the level of eminent domain in a state (length of coastline, unusual constitutional takings provisions, political party in power, population growth rate, and economic growth rate). Finally we consider the difference between the model's predicted condemnation rate and the rate reported by each state. Some states can justify their seemingly high condemnation rates based on their geography and demography (e.g. Rhode Island's high condemnation rate is largely explained by it population density and large water area); some missing explanatory variables seem necessary to explain those states for which there are large residuals (e.g. Florida's large positive residual; Delaware's large negative residual).
Rapid Large-Scale Screening of Blood Proteins by Use of Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis on a Solid Support

We describe a new principle of cellulose acetate electrophoresis (solid-support electrophoresis), in which cellulose acetate membranes are given a solid support, instead of being suspended as heretofore. The new technique is particularly well suited for screening procedures, because many samples can be processed economically on a single run. Also described for the first time, in conjunction with solid-support electrophoresis, is a method of (a) simultaneously using continuous and discontinuous buffer systems with specially (series) oriented membranes, or (b) a single-sample application for fractionating different constituents simultaneously (proteins, lipoproteins, isoenzymes, etc.).
Monitoring the heart

pressure disconnect alarms, although such threshold alarms are not failsafe, s Low-flow techniques with standing bellows 6 also assist monitoring for circuit leaks. A high-pressure monitor (e.g., Norrie "popoff" valve) detects and warns of airway obstruction. This is more useful than the airway pressure manometer which does not serve the warning function. The last three cat~ses of hypoxaemia can be detected only by monitoring arterial or tissue POj. Three techniques are available: 1. transcutaneous oxygen analyzers (TcPOj) 2. intra-arterial PO2 sensors 3. oximetry All three techniques have inherent limitations. TcPO2 detects capillary PO2 but has limited usefulhess in underperfusion and obese states and needs a 30-45 minute warm-up. 7 Intra-arterial PO2 sensors 8 are expensive, invasive and are altered by temperature, blood flow rate and N20 concentration. Pulse oximetry, 9 a non-invasive routine monitor of ox),haemoglobin saturation, is the most 5kely of the three techniques to be adopted routinely. In conclusion, current technology provides reliable, versatile techniques to monitor lung function. However, some factors are so vital to patient survival that they should always be monitored, i.e., inspired oxygen concentration, airway pressure and disconnect alarms.
Axial Fatigue Failure Sequence and Mechanisms in Unidirectional Fiberglas Composites

A study was conducted to determine the fatigue failure sequence and mechanisms of E-glass reinforced vinyl ester polymers in cyclic tension- tension axial loading. From the measurement of changes in modulus and hysteresis loop area, and from microstructural changes during the fatigue cycling, it was found that the onset of fatigue damage is caused by the fiber surface flaw propagations. These fiber surface flaws then coalesce to produce fiber surface crackings which in turn create interface failures. As the fatigue cycling continues, the interface failures induce matrix cracks which propagate in both transverse and shear directions. The fatigue speci men was found to fail completely by through-delamination parallel to the loading direction.
Thinking about Current Vatican Policy in Central and East Europe and the Utility of the ‘Brazilian Paradigm’

1The author expresses his gratitude to Dr Juan Linz of Yale University for his generous and indispensable critique of an earlier version of this paper and gratefully acknowledges the many useful suggestions and comments of Drs Carey Fraser and Eric Hershberg of the Social Science Research Council, of Dr Istvan Deak of the Institute of Central and East European Studies of Columbia University and of Mr Elio Gaspari of New York and Brazil. The author alone is responsible for the version at hand. The financial and moral support of the following institutions helped bring this study about: the Research Foundation of the City University of New York; the History Department and the Social Science Division of Queens College, the City University of New York; and the Institute of Latin American and Iberian Studies of Columbia University in the City of New York. 2 For this analysis, Central Europe comprises the countries or regions where Catholicism predominates such as Poland, Hungary, the former Czechoslovakia, and the recently declared independent republics of Slovenia and Croatia in the former Yugoslavia; Eastern Europe refers almost exclusively to Catholic Lithuania and Moldavia (now Moldovia) and the Uniate provinces of Western Ukraine. To these populations the Church owes its primary responsibility, but obviously it must deal with the larger entities (states, regions, and political and economic units) of which they are a part. Roman Catholic and Uniate minorities in the former East Germany and in Romania and Bulgaria are not entirely excluded from this analysis, but are not central to it for the purposes of this discussion. In this text, the terms East, Central and West to demarcate Europe are intentionally and strictly geographic; the adjectival forms 'Eastern' and 'Western' have been purposely avoided since they abound in Cold War connotations. Whether the terms employed here are indeed 'strictly geographic' may be open to question; in fact, they already are, as the diverse parts of Europe vie to redefine themselves in relationship to one another; on this issue, see Immanuel Wallerstein's paper, 'La recomposition perpetuelle des frontieres culturelles percues: L'Europe centrale a l'aube
Contributing Factors to South Korean Early Childhood Educators' Strategies for Addressing Children's Challenging Behaviors

Early childhood educators should be prepared to intervene when children demonstrate challenging behaviors. Researchers have reported many factors that may influence teachers' behavior management strategies. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among specific program, teacher, and child factors and teachers' strategies for addressing young children's challenging behaviors. The second purpose of this study was to determine if the factors identified by researchers with young children and their teachers in the United States extends to teachers and young children in South Korea. The participants in this study included a sample of 236 preschool and child care center teachers serving children in South Korea. To measure teachers' reported strategies for addressing challenging behaviors, we developed the Teacher Strategy Questionnaire (TSQ). Findings from this study indicated that program, teacher, and child factors contributed to teachers' strategies for addressing challenging be...
ELECTRON DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS IN A PLASMA

We consider the spatial Fourier transform ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ke}}$ for wave vector k of the charge distribution of the electrons in a plasma with particle density $n$, electron and ion temperatures $T$ and ${T}_{i}$ and Debye length $D$. We assume the absence of a magnetic field, neglect collisions and assume $n{D}^{3}\ensuremath{\gg}1$. The statistical average of ${|{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ke}}|}^{2}$ is calculated as a function of $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{kD}}$ assuming complete thermodynamic equilibrium; that component of ${|{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ke}}|}^{2}$ which keeps in phase with the ion charge density fluctuations is also calculated.The frequency spectrum of the time-varying function ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{ke}}$ is obtained at thermal equilibrium and simplified, assuming the ion mass to be much larger than the electron mass, for general values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\frac{T}{{T}_{i}}$. For small $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ the main component of the spectrum has the characteristic Doppler broadening shape corresponding to the electron's thermal velocity. For large $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ we have a component with narrow width corresponding roughly to the ion velocity Doppler spread and very narrow side bands at plus and minus the frequency of electrostatic plasma oscillations.
Dielectric-environment mediated renormalization of many-body effects in a one-dimensional electron gas

Relaxing the assumption of an ``infinite and homogenous background,'' the dielectric response function of one-dimensional semiconducting nanowires embedded in a dielectric environment is calculated. It is shown that a high-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ (higher than semiconductor dielectric constant) dielectric environment reduces the screening by the free carriers inside the nanostructure, whereas a low dielectric constant environment increases the Coulombic interaction between free carriers and enhances the strength of the screening function. In the long-wavelength limit, dielectric screening and collective excitations of electron gas are found to be strongly influenced by the environment. The behavior of the static dielectric function is particularly addressed at a specific wave vector $q=2{k}_{F}$, a wave vector that ubiquitously appears in charge transport in nanostructures. It is shown that the exclusion of the dielectric mismatch effect in free-carrier screening results in an erroneous charged impurity scattering rate, particularly for nanowires embedded in low-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ dielectrics.
Aerosol Exposure, Physics, and Chemistry

(1995). Aerosol Exposure, Physics, and Chemistry. Inhalation Toxicology: Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 769-772.
Transferring Decision Support Concepts to Evaluation.

Abstract A substantial body of empirical evidence indicates that decision support systems (DSS) are effective tools for increasing the utilization of management science models and accounting information. Our basic argument is that applying the conceptual foundations of DSS to evaluation and other forms of applied social research (ASR) is a potentially effective means of increasing the utilization of the results of these analyses in policy making. The two bases for this basic argument are: (a) analytical uncertainty is inevitably present in evaluation and other forms of ASR, and (b) the conceptual foundations of DSS provide a better means of coping with analytical uncertainty than are otherwise available.
A Thermal Energy Molecular Beam Source for Use in Scattering Experiments

A new nozzle source is discussed that produces a high-intensity molecular beam with very small dispersion in velocity. When signal-to-noise ratio in scattered beam experiments is used as a measure of performance this source is shown to be approximately equal in quality to a Kantrowitz-Grey source of comparable size. Furthermore it is argued that many existing Kantrowitz-Grey sources could be operated as simple nozzle sources with no appreciable loss in performance. The present source has several new features. The beam intensity is uniform over the beam cross section. Source performance is not strongly dependent on skimmer geometry; hence, a simple collimating hole in a plate suffices. Source performance is quite insensitive to the size of the collimating hole and its distance from the nozzle; thus, they may be adjusted to tailor the size and shape of the beam to the particular application. The present source may be uniquely suitable for a proposed new method of beam collimation.
Brillouin study of long-wavelength spin waves in quasimonatomic Co films with uniaxial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

We have observed spin-wave Brillouin light scattering from ultrathin Co/Au/Cu(111) films with Co thicknesses ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ down to 1 monolayer (ML) and with a 1-ML Au interlayer. The detection of a well-defined spin-wave spectrum and the field dependence of its frequency show directly long-range collective and ferromagnetic ordering in these films at room temperature. From the field dependence of the spin-wave frequency, we derive uniaxial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constants as a function of ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ with various overlayer materials, including Cu, Pd, and Au. With a Cu overlayer, we observe that the first-order perpendicular anisotropy ${K}_{u}^{(1)}$ obeys well a linear relation between ${K}_{u}^{(1)}{t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ and ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ for ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}\ensuremath{\geqq}1.5\mathrm{ML},$ which indicates a constant contribution of the interface anisotropy of 0.16 ${\mathrm{m}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ in addition to the volume anisotropy of 0.73 ${\mathrm{M}\mathrm{J}/\mathrm{m}}^{3}$. With an Au or a Pd overlayer, we find that both the interface and volume anisotropies are significantly larger than those with the Cu overlayer. We quantify magnetic inhomogeneities from the field dependence of the spectrum width. With the Au or Pd overlayer, ${K}_{u}^{(1)}$ shows a steep decrease with decreasing ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ for ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}}l3.0\mathrm{ML},$ which agrees well with a significant increase in the structure-related magnetic inhomogeneity. We show directly that long-ranged ferromagnetic ordering exists, with the perpendicular anisotropy, in our quasimonatomic Co films thinner than 1.5 ML. ${K}_{u}^{(1)}$ for each overlayer tends to be zero at 1 ML of Co, accompanied by heavy damping of the spin wave. In addition, we find the second-order perpendicular anisotropy is still maintained with a comparable value to ${K}_{u}^{(1)}$ in such quasimonatomic Co films, indicating significant deformation of the uniaxial anisotropy.
Interaction between the Gα Subunit of Heterotrimeric G12 Protein and Hsp90 Is Required for Gα12 Signaling

The Gα subunit of G12protein, one of the heterotrimeric G proteins, regulates diverse and complex cellular responses by transducing signals from the cell surface, presumably involving more than one downstream effector. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a human testis cDNA library identified a large fragment of Hsp90 as a protein that interacted with Gα12. The interaction between Gα12 and Hsp90 was further substantiated by a co-immunoprecipitation technique. We have determined that Hsp90 is not required for the interaction of Gα12 with its binding partners, p115RhoGEF and the Gβ subunit. Importantly, Hsp90 is required for Gα12-induced serum response element activation, cytoskeletal changes, and mitogenic response. Closely related to Gα12, the Gα13 subunit did not interact with Hsp90 and did not require functional Hsp90 for serum response element activation. Thus, our results identify a novel signaling module of Gα12 and Hsp90.
Illumination networks: fast realistic rendering with general reflectance functions

We present a technique for modeling global illumination which allows a wide variety of reflectance functions. Scene coherence is exploited in a preprocessing step in which the geometry is analyzed using iterative techniques. Memory is traded for speed, in anticipation of the high memory capacities of workstations of the future. The algorithm operates well over a wide range of time and image quality constraints: realistic results may be produced very quickly while very accurate results require more time and space. The method can be extended for animation and parallelization.
Promoting physical activity among women with mobility impairments: a randomized controlled trial to assess a home- and community-based intervention.

Abstract Froehlich-Grobe K, White GW. Promoting physical activity among women with mobility impairments: a randomized controlled trial to assess a home- and communitybased intervention. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:640–648. Objective To assess the effectiveness of an intervention to promote physical activity and fitness in physically disabled women. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Home or community. Participants Seventy-five adult women with mobility limitations. Intervention Incorporated behavioral techniques, social support, and education to promote exercise. Main outcome measures Fitness measures included weight, body mass index, resting blood pressure and heart rate, time to complete a mobility course, and heart rate during and blood pressure after navigating the course. Also collected self-reported experience of secondary conditions and weekly self-reports of physical activity. Results We found no significant fitness differences between groups, except for peak heart rate. However, paired t tests of the physical activity data revealed the experimental group significantly increased its total weekly physical activity minutes ( P =.04), and the increase in weekly cardiovascular activity approached significance ( P =.06). Conclusions The experimental group did not experience better fitness or fewer secondary conditions than the controls. However, the experimental group's physical activity data indicate that this group significantly increased its activity over 6 months. Thus, although this study did not detect health changes, it showed that mobility-impaired women can adopt and maintain a physical activity program.
Diode-laser–induced cataract and iris atrophy as a complication of eyelid hair removal

Abstract Purpose To caution about ocular risks of dermatologic diode laser, including cataract formation and iris atrophy. Design Observational case report. Methods A 63-year-old woman underwent diode epilation in the upper eyelid area without protective eye shields and experienced a sharp ocular pain during treatment of her left eye. She later presented with decreased vision in that eye and sensitivity to light. Results Iris atrophy and a nuclear cataract were seen on examination. In the absence of any such observations at previous eye examinations and of any contributory ocular history, these findings were attributed to the diode laser treatment. Conclusion Diode laser epilation in the upper eyelid region could entail risks for intraocular structures, including cataractogenesis and iris atrophy.
Application of invisible image watermarks to produce remotely printed, duplication resistant, and demonstrably authentic documents

A secure Internet infrastructure and IBM image watermarking technology have been integrated for the production and authentication of duplication-resistant hard copy documents that may be transmitted to remote sites before being printed. Envisioned applications include the issuance of certificates, contracts, public records, receipts, coupons, ...even college transcripts.
Demystifying SP cell purification: viability, yield, and phenotype are defined by isolation parameters

Side population (SP) cells isolated from bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and skin have been shown to engraft in dystrophic muscle. However, there have been questions on the phenotypical heterogeneity, tissue of origin, and relationships among SP cell populations extracted from different tissues. Studies on bone marrow SP cells have followed a consistent protocol for their isolation and results obtained are concordant. In contrast, protocols for the isolation of muscle SP cells vary greatly, and consequently reports on their phenotype, differentiation potential and origin have been inconsistent. To address this controversy, we demonstrate that isolation parameters, such as tissue dissociation, cell counting, Hoechst concentration, and stringency in the selection of SP cells, have an effect on the yield, viability, and homogeneity of SP cells derived from bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and skin. In this paper, we demonstrate that SP cells isolated from the bone marrow are distinct from SP cells extracted from skeletal muscle and skin tissues. This study offers an explanation for the controversy surrounding muscle SP cells, provides a detailed standardized protocol for their isolation, and highlights basic guidelines for reproducible and reliable isolation of SP cells from any tissue.
ID6 Cost-Effectiveness of Liposomal Daunorubicin Versus Liposomal Doxorubicin in Kaposi Sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) prior to 1980 was a rare indolent disorder seen in elderly men of Eastern European descent. Today it is the most common neoplasm seen in patients with AIDS and has been estimated to contribute to 25% of the deaths. Chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment of KS in patients with extensive or progressive disease involving the visceral organs and lymph nodes. Two agents, liposomal daunorubicin (Daunoxome®) and liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®), have replaced treatment with the toxic combination of ABV. OBJECTIVE: Develop a decision analysis model comparing the cost-effectiveness of Daunoxome and Doxil in severe KS. METHODS: Probabilities used to determine patient responses and complication rates were obtained from clinical trials and data reflecting our KS population. The model assumed treatment of severe KS (CD4 (150) patients not previously treated with chemotherapy. It includes direct cost associated with drug acquisition, physician monitoring, administration of product, drug administration cost, and treatment of complications. Probabilities and direct cost data for nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia, alopecia, and serious opportunistic infections were included in the model. Drug cost reflects dosing regimens currently in use: Daunoxom, 40 mg/m2 every 2 weeks, or Doxil, 20 mg/m2 every 2 weeks for six cycles. Effectiveness was determined using the median duration of response to therapy reported in clinical trials. RESULTS: The cost effectiveness ratio for Daunoxome is $24,263/median remission year versus $32,767 for Doxil, One-way sensitivity analysis did not substantially alter the results. The model also demonstrates Daunoxome to have a marginal cost advantage of $2,176 (20.9%) over Doxil. CONCLUSION: The model identifies Daunoxome as the most cost-effective and least expensive agent in the treatment of KS.
Some organic transformations effected by cell-free preparations of Nitrosomonas

Abstract Cell-free preparations of Nitrosomonas europaea are capable of effecting a number of organic transformations. These include the fixation of CO 2 with adenosinediphosphate and ribose-5-phosphate or inosinediphosphate and phosphopyruvic acid. The formation of organic phosphate compounds concomitant with the oxidation of hydroxylamine is demonstrated and the reduction of diphosphopyridine nucleotide is shown to occur both endogenously and upon the oxidation of hydroxylamine. Absorption and difference spectra of cytochromes are presented.