cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology X-Ray Observatory for the Small Astronomy Satellite (SAS-C)

The MIT SAS-C S-Ray Observatory is a highly flexible facility for the comprehensive study of the X-ray sky over the 0.1 to 50 kev energy range. Event time may be determined to 0.125ms. An on-board 16 pulse height analyzer allows for fine X-ray spectral studies using the on-board star trackers and rotating modulation collimator. Both risetime and geometric anticoincidence circuits are employed and a programmable data format generator allows great flexibility in choice of data sources and source sampling rate for special studies.
300GHz Transistor Performance in Production CMOS Technologies

CMOS technology scaling has resulted in a continuous improvement in RF performance of silicon MOSFETs. fT and fMAX in excess of 300GHz has been demonstrated in production CMOS nodes [1]. 400GHz fT for ultra-short channel MOSFET with LGATE of 10nm has also been reported [2]. CMOS based RF solutions are already mainstream for applications in the 1-10GHz regime and with the RF performance of these devices improving rapidly, CMOS technology has the potential to enable low-power mm-wave applications as well. This paper will review the design and performance of state-of-the-art RF MOSFETs. RF CMOS device design relies on leveraging digital FET design coupled with geometry optimization to maximize device performance. COnsidering a small signal device model with parasitic resistances, fT of the device can be expressed as, 1/2?fT=Cin/gm+Cin/gm(rs +rd)gd+(rs+rd)Cgd. Even in FETs with LGATE ~ 25nm, the parasitic resistances and gd have a minimal impact on fT. If parasitic capacitances can be kept to a minimum then, fT=gm/2?Cin. From this expression, it can be observed that in velocity saturated devices, fT ? 1/LGATE. This direct dependence on channel length has been the driving force for fT scaling in the FETs. in state-of-the CMOS nodes, gm also benefits from carrier mobility enhancement techniques. Tensile stress in the channel induced by nitride liners and "stress-memorization" has resulted in as much as 30% improvement of gm in nFETs [3,4].
Sulfur Isosteres of Orotidine

Abstract The preparation of 6 substituted pyrimidine nucleosides has received limited attention and undoubtedly reflects the difficulty in synthesizing nucleosides of this type. Condensation of & substituted pyrimidines with suitable sugar derivatives leads to the formation of mixtures of N3 and N1 nucleosides where the N3 isomer usually predominates1. This is exemplified by the direct ribosylation of the silyl derivative of 6-methyl-thiouracil, which furnished only the N3 ribonucleoside2. Ueda and coworkers' adcfessed this problem with moderate success. When 5′- O-acetyl-2′,3′-O-isopropylidine5bromouridine c1) was reacted with cyan- ide ion, a Michael-type addition occurred at C6 with concomitant dehycfo- brominatim to give the corresponding Gcyanowidine in quantitative yield. Treatment of 1(Scheme 1) with benzyl mercaptan, however furnished a 1:1 mixture of the C6 and C5 isomers 2 and 3 grespectively4. Attempts to alter the course of this reaction so that 2 predominated met with little success. It is wo...
Carbon-Felt, Carbon-Matrix Composites: Dependence of Thermal and Mechanical Properties on Fiber Volume Percent

Carbon-felt, carbon-matrix composites were prepared by the chemical vapor deposition of carbon within carbonized viscose-rayon substrates. The thermal and mechanical properties of these carbon-carbon composites were investigated over a wide range (9-46 v/o) of fiber volume percent. In creases in fiber content resulted in: (1) decreases in both total porosity and pore size, (2) filament and matrix reorientation, and (3) reduction of the pyrolytic carbon matrix sheath thickness. Fiber content, and its inter related effects, are correlated with significant changes in flexural and ten sile strength and modulus, thermal conductivity and linear thermal expansion.
Studies on a Na+ + K+-dependent, ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase in the avian salt gland

Abstract 1. 1. A Na + + K + -dependent, ouabain-sensitive ATPase was found in homogenates of the avian salt gland. Some of its properties have been investigated. 2. 2. The levels of ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive ATPase activities were the same in homogenates of tissue from gulls maintained on fresh water and from gulls maintained on 1.5% salt water. 3. 3. The levels of ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive ATPase activities were the same in homogenates of slices which had been incubated in the absence of acetylcholine and slices which had been incubated in the presence of acetylcholine. (Acetylcholine stimulates NaCl secretion in this tissue.) 4. 4. The oxygen uptake in unstimulated salt-gland slices was reduced about 25% in the presence of 10 −4 M ouabain. The increase in oxygen uptake which occurs in response to acetylcholine did not occur if ouabain was also present. 5. 5. The level of 7-min acid-hydrolyzable phosphate esters in salt-gland slices fell in the presence of acetylcholine but this fall did not occur if ouabain was also present. 6. 6. These results, and the relationship between the rates of Na + transport and ATPase activity in the salt gland, are discussed.
Methods in stellar spectroscopy

Abstract The first coude spectrographs built at Mount Wilson by W. S. Adams were Littrow systems employing a large prism. Gratings were used to an increasing extent, beginning in 1932. The development of Schmidt cameras in 1934, and of a 114-in. focus spherical-mirror camera in 1939, increased efficiency in the ultraviolet and made it possible to cover any region in the spectrum without changing focus or tilt. Photometric accessories have been developed to permit measuring profiles and integrated intensities of absorption lines. An exposure meter and automatic guiding have been developed by H. W. Babcock . The distribution or intensity within stellar images has been measured photo-electrically under various conditions of seeing, as a guide to spectrograph design. The efficiency of a spectrograph can be increased by using large apertures for the collimator, grating and camera, by increasing angular dispersion and by using an image slicer. The relative speed has been calculated for various telescope-spectrograph systems and for different grades of seeing. In order to increase efficiency as far as possible it will be desirable to use multiple gratings of maximum aperture, perhaps with the combined width of ruling considerably greater than the length of grooves, and illuminated with an elliptical collimated beam from crossed cyclindrical mirrors. Direct photo-electric scanning of stellar spectra can yield a useful level of accuracy with a 100-in. telescope, in a reasonable time of observation, for a resolving power of 50,000, to a magnitude 8; and for a resolving power of 500, to a magnitude 11. A Fabry-Perot interferometer may be used to advantage with a photo-electric detector for measuring the profiles of selected absorption lines, which can serve as standards for photographic photometry.
Integration of auditory information in the cat's visual cortex.

Abstract Microelectrode recordings were made from cells in the cat's visual cortex (areas 17 and 18). Forty-six neurons (38 per cent) responded to both acoustic and visual stimuli. Many of the bimodal cells responded best to pure tones and had narrow tuning curves. Some units were excited only by hisses. For many tone-sensitive cells the acoustic receptive field was coincident with the visual receptive field. The bimodal cells occurred in anatomically distinct clusters which were separated from the purely visual cells. Because of their precise specificity these cells probably play some role in the spatial localization of auditory and visual stimuli.
Business students’ attitudes toward unethical behavior: A multi-country comparison

Business students are confronted early in their academic careers with examples of questionable acts and practices related to individual and corporate integrity. The current study identifies four segments of students with respect to their attitudes toward unethical behavior and is one of the first known attempts to understand country corruption and its impact on students of business. Findings from a worldwide survey of over 6,000 business students suggest that corruption does breed corruption and that business students in more corrupt countries have a greater likelihood than their counterparts in less corrupt countries to equate legal and ethical. It appears that business students in more corrupt countries expect to use the law as their ethical gauge in business decisions.
LPL polymorphism predicts stroke risk in men.

Variation in lipid levels has been associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease, including stroke. Genes contributing to interindividual variation in lipid levels may play a role in the etiology of stroke, either through their effects on lipid synthesis and metabolism or through separate pathways. For this reason, we sought to examine the association between polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes and subclinical and clinical stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Subclinical stroke was determined by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subclinical cerebral infarct cases (n = 197) were compared to a stratified random sample identified from individuals participating in the MRI examination (n = 200). Incidence of clinical ischemic stroke was determined by following the ARIC cohort for an average of 7.5 years for potential cerebrovascular events; 218 validated clinical ischemic strokes were identified. A stratified random sample of the ARIC cohort (CRS, n = 964) was used as the comparison group for clinical cases. The LPL S291-carrying genotypes and APOE epsilon2- and epsilon4-carrying genotypes were not significantly associated with subclinical or clinical stroke. The LPL X447-containing genotypes were significantly associated with subclinical (odds ratio [OR], 4.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-15.15; P = 0.020) and clinical stroke (hazard rate ratio [HRR], 2.57; 95% CI, 1.24-5.34; P = 0.01) in men, both by themselves and after adjustment for multiple stroke risk factors. The LPL S447X polymorphism is significantly associated with subclinical cerebral infarction and incident clinical ischemic stroke in men from a middle-aged American population. This association does not appear to be mediated by triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels, or additional stroke risk factors.
Rotational Motion of a Free Body Induced by Mass Redistribution

The effects of mass redistribution on the rotational motion of a free body, initially rotating uniformly about its axis of maximum moment of inertia, are studied using a simple three-body model composed of two "control" points masses and a triaxial rigid body. An exact analytical solution for the motion of the original spin axis after redistribution of the masses is developed from the classical solution for the rotational motion of a free triaxial rigid body. Yhis motion in interpreted geometrically using the reciprocal inertia ellipsoid of the redistributed system and the angular momentum integral. Application of simple mass redistribution to the problem of spacecraft attitude control is discussed and results for a particular system are presented. T is a well-known fact1 that for a free, triaxial, rigid body, the condition of uniform rotation about its axis of in- termediate, principal moment of inertia is unstable. This in- stability manifests itself when small disturbances in the angular velocity components about the other principal axes occur; for then, the once-stationary axis of intermediate moment of inertia performs large-angle motions with respect to a nonrotating reference frame. Recently, Beachley and Dicker2 and Beachley,3 have suggested that this characteristic of rigid body rotational motion might be used to advantage to "control" a spinning spacecraft in the sense that predictable large-angle motions of an axis fixed in the spacecraft might be induced by changing the mass distribution of the spacecraft.% A control system based on this idea might be more economical than a mass expulsion system which would rotate the angular momentum vector of the spacecraft. Changes in the mass distribution of the spacecraft may be accomplished by internal motion of control masses. The ef- fects of such internal mass motion on the rotational motion of a free system of bodies have been studied by several authors and a review of some of the work in this area is given by Lorell and Lange,5 who propose an automatic mass-trim system for spinning spacecraft which utilizes movable control masses. The primary purpose of this paper is not to study the effects of internal mass motion on the rotational motion of a free system of bodies, although these effects cannot be ignored en- tirely and will be considered. Our main goal is to obtain an analytical description of the spacecraft's rotational motion af- ter a redistribution of mass has occurred. Such a description has previously been obtained only in a limited way by numerical integration.3 We shall also provide geometrical in- terpretation of the analytical results and consider the use of simple mass redistribution as a means for spacecraft attitude control. In this paper we shall consider a system similar to those discussed in Ref. 3 and employ some results from the classical theory for the rotational motion of a free, triaxial, rigid body.
Vaginal laxity: a poorly understood quality of life problem; a survey of physician members of the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)

Introduction and hypothesis Our goal was to assess how physician members of the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) perceive and manage vaginal laxity.
Defining a Standard of Care for Urban Stream Restoration Projects

AbstractDesign engineers are expected to meet an accepted standard of care, which provides assurance that reasonable care and quality of service have been performed by the professional. Although this expectation exists for engineers in the design of urban stream restoration projects, no guidelines currently exist that provide the design engineer with a reasonable set of expectations. In this paper, a guideline for a standard of care appropriate to urban stream restoration projects is developed based on skills and knowledge needed by the design engineer that have been identified in prior studies. Communication between the design engineer and the funding and permitting agencies is critical to agree upon and acknowledge the standard of care expectations prior to a project start.
Comparative study on the combustion and emissions of waste tire crumb and pulverized coal

Comparative results are presented on the combustion and toxic emissions (SO2, NOx, CO, and PAHs) from a pulverized bituminous coal and ground waste automobile tires. The combustion behavior of single particles in the range of 60−212 μm was monitored pyrometricaly and cinematographically, at a gas tem perature of 1150 °C and a heating rate of ≈105 °C/s. Tire particles burned faster (by a factor of 2−3) than similar size coal. Coal particles experienced distinct devolatilization and char combustion stages. Upon intense volatile combustion, the chars of tire particles burned accompanied by secondary devolatilization that aided the burnout of their carbon black residue. No soot appeared to escape the volatile flame envelope. The SO2 emissions from the combustion of steady-flow clouds (aerosols) of tire and coal particles were comparable (within a factor of 2), the NOx emissions of tires were lower than those of coal by a factor of 3−4, reflecting their lower fuel nitrogen content. Insignificant amounts of CO ...
Brn3a and Nurr1 Mediate a Gene Regulatory Pathway for Habenula Development

The habenula is a dorsal diencephalic structure consisting of medial and lateral subnuclei and a principal output tract, the fasciculus retroflexus, which together form a link between the limbic forebrain and ventral midbrain. Here, we have used microarray and bioinformatic approaches in the mouse to show that the habenula is a distinctive molecular territory of the CNS, with a unique profile of neurotransmitter, ion channel, and regulatory factor expression. Neurons of the medial habenula and part of the lateral habenula express the transcription factor Brn3a/Pou4f1, and Brn3a-expressing habenular neurons project exclusively to the interpeduncular nucleus in the ventral midbrain. In Brn3a mutant embryos, the fasciculus retroflexus is directed appropriately, but habenular neurons fail to innervate their targets. Microarray analysis of Brn3a null embryos shows that this factor regulates an extensive program of habenula-enriched genes, but not generic neural properties. The orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1/Nr4a2 is coexpressed with Brn3a in the developing habenula, is downstream of Brn3a, and mediates expression of a subset of Brn3a-regulated transcripts. Together, these findings begin to define a gene regulatory pathway for habenula development in mammals.
Q-clouds: managing performance interference effects for QoS-aware clouds

Cloud computing offers users the ability to access large pools of computational and storage resources on demand. Multiple commercial clouds already allow businesses to replace, or supplement, privately owned IT assets, alleviating them from the burden of managing and maintaining these facilities. However, there are issues that must be addressed before this vision of utility computing can be fully realized. In existing systems, customers are charged based upon the amount of resources used or reserved, but no guarantees are made regarding the application level performance or quality-of-service (QoS) that the given resources will provide. As cloud providers continue to utilize virtualization technologies in their systems, this can become problematic. In particular, the consolidation of multiple customer applications onto multicore servers introduces performance interference between collocated workloads, significantly impacting application QoS. To address this challenge, we advocate that the cloud should transparently provision additional resources as necessary to achieve the performance that customers would have realized if they were running in isolation. Accordingly, we have developed Q-Clouds, a QoS-aware control framework that tunes resource allocations to mitigate performance interference effects. Q-Clouds uses online feedback to build a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) model that captures performance interference interactions, and uses it to perform closed loop resource management. In addition, we utilize this functionality to allow applications to specify multiple levels of QoS as application Q-states. For such applications, Q-Clouds dynamically provisions underutilized resources to enable elevated QoS levels, thereby improving system efficiency. Experimental evaluations of our solution using benchmark applications illustrate the benefits: performance interference is mitigated completely when feasible, and system utilization is improved by up to 35% using Q-states.
Modeling the effects of mutations on the free energy of the first electron transfer from QA- to QB in photosynthetic reaction centers.

Numerical calculations of the free energy of the first electron transfer in genetically modified reaction centers from Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides and Rb. capsulatus were carried out from pH 5 to 11. The multiconformation continuum electrostatics (MCCE) method allows side chain, ligand, and water reorientation to be embedded in the calculations of the Boltzmann distribution of cofactor and amino acid ionization states. The mutation sites whose effects have been modeled are L212 and L213 (the L polypeptide) and two in the M polypeptide, M43(44) and M231(233) in Rb. capsulatus (Rb. sphaeroides). The results of the calculations were compared to the experimental data, and very good agreement was found especially at neutral pH. Each mutation removes or introduces ionizable residues, but the protein maintains a net charge close to that in native RCs through ionization changes in nearby residues. This reduces the effect of mutation and makes the changes in state free energy smaller than would be found in a rigid protein. The state energy of QA - QB and QAQB - states have contributions from interactions among the residues as well as with the quinone which is ionized. For example, removing L213Asp, located in the QB pocket, predominantly changes the free energy of the QA - QB state, where the Asp is ionized in native RCs rather than the QAQB - state, where it is neutral. Side chain, hydroxyl, and water rearrangements due to each of the mutations have also been calculated showing water occupancy changes during the QA - to QB electron transfer.
Using Debate In Helping Students Discuss Controversial Topics

We used 2 debates over the course of a semester to encourage upper level psychology students to engage in discussion about controversial issues. The debates considered issues in Affirmative Action and sexual diversity. Students completed a survey assessing their experiences both individually and as a team member. Students found it easier to discuss controversial subjects in the classroom during a structured debate as compared to traditional open discussions. In addition, most of the students enjoyed the debate, would like to participate in a debate in the future, and felt empowered by the experience. The debate itself elicited some strong emotions, both positive and negative. Debate is a useful tool to facilitate verbal participation by students in classes where the subject matter is controversial.
Conditional dependence in distributed detection: How far can we go?

Distributed detection with conditionally independent observations at local sensors is well understood. The problem becomes significantly more complicated when dependence is present among sensor observations. In this paper, we attempt to make progress in our understanding of the dependent observation case. Toward this end, we present a new hierarchical model by introducing a hidden or latent variable; this model attempts to present a unified framework for distributed detection with conditionally dependent or independent observations. By a close examination of this model, we identify a class of distributed detection problems with conditionally dependent observations whose optimal sensor signaling structure resembles that of the independent case. This class of problems exhibits a decoupling effect on the form of the optimal local decision rules, much in the same way as the conditionally independent case. Important cases of this class of problems include both the previously known Gaussian case under certain parameter regimes as well as several problems first introduced in this paper. An example is given to illustrate the proposed design approach.
Ethical Implications for Acting Faithfully in the Nurse-Person Relationship

Bearing witness-not bearing witness has been posited as a fundamental rhythm of coexistence. In biomedical ethical writings, the concept of fidelity, or faithfulness, has been used to describe an obligation to act in good faith with such actions as keeping promises or vows, fulfilling agreements, maintaining relationships, and individuals' fulfilling fiduciary responsibilities. In this column, the nursing phenomenon of acting faithfully in the nurse-person relationship shall be defined and explored with practice implications through reflections as viewed from the lens of the nursing theoretical framework of the human becoming school of thought.
Assessment of Elasticity and Topography of Aspergillus nidulans Spores via Atomic Force Microscopy

Previous studies have described both surface morphology and adhesive properties of fungal spores, but little information is currently available on their mechanical properties. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate both surface topography and micromechanical properties of Aspergillus nidulans spores. To assess the influence of proteins covering the spore surface, wild-type spores were compared with spores from isogenic rodA(+) and rodA(-) strains. Tapping-mode AFM images of wild-type and rodA(+) spores in air showed characteristic "rodlet" protein structures covering a granular spore surface. In comparison, rodA(-) spores were rodlet free but showed a granular surface structure similar to that of the wild-type and rodA(+) spores. Rodlets were removed from rodA(+) spores by sonication, uncovering the underlying granular layer. Both rodlet-covered and rodlet-free spores were subjected to nanoindentation measurements, conducted in air, which showed the stiffnesses to be 110 +/- 10, 120 +/- 10, and 300 +/- 20 N/m and the elastic moduli to be 6.6 +/- 0.4, 7.0 +/- 0.7, and 22 +/- 2 GPa for wild-type, rodA(+) and rodA(-) spores, respectively. These results imply the rodlet layer is significantly softer than the underlying portion of the cell wall.
Implementation of Electronic Systems for Prescribing and Delivering Medication in Hospitals: Issues in Real Practice

Electronic systems are being purchased by hospitals to improve procuring, prescribing, dispensing, administering medications and patient monitoring processes. The purpose of this paper is to describe issues related to implementation of computer technologies to support the pharmaceutical process in a real hospital setting. Examining the issues can help to improve processes and systems and provides an indication where hospital resources may need to be directed to solve problems of immediate concern. Future research needs for improving electronic systems are presented.
A statistical mechanical model for solid solutions of hydrogen in the metals niobium, vanadium and tantalum

Abstract A model for hydrogen-metal solid solutions has been discussed in which the H-atoms are bound to interstitial sites in the solvent metal lattice in a loose manner. Only at low temperatures do they act as bound oscillators. At a higher temperature the solution undergoes a transformation in which the H-atoms gain translational degrees of freedom. This is akin to the formation of a mobile adsorbed layer except that three dimensions are involved. This model has been used to calculate the partial thermodynamic functions of the H-atoms in the solution. The calculated quantities have been compared with measured experimental data for H-Nb, H-Ta, and H-V solid solutions. Despite simple assumptions made in regard to the form of the H-H interactions in the solution, the agreement between the calculated and measured quantities is good.
Enemy army communications equipment

AMERICAN engineers have been instrumental in giving to the United States Army and to the Signal Corps of the Army the best equipment in the world. Although engineering for civilian needs is very different from engineering for military needs, and most American engineers have spent a lifetime in civilian engineering, they have learned within a brief period of two or three years to design equipment to meet military needs and are now, in fact, military engineers.
Controlled Lagrangians and Stabilization of the Discrete Cart-Pendulum System

Matching techniques are developed for discrete mechanical systems with symmetry. We describe new phenomena that arise in the controlled Lagrangian approach for mechanical systems in the discrete context. In particular, one needs to either make an appropriate selection of momentum levels or introduce a new parameter into the controlled Lagrangian to complete the matching procedure. We also discuss digital and model predictive control.
Excitation and measurement of flexural waves in arterial vessels

Pulse wave velocity in an artery is a very important indicator of the stiffness and disease of the artery. The pulse wave velocity is directly related to the Young's modulus in the circumferential direction of the artery by the well known Moens-Korteweg equation. Pulse wave velocity in an artery is measured with the standard pulse delay technique. However, the precise timing of the pressure wave is difficult due to the presence of reflected waves. In this paper we propose to excite flexural waves in an artery by low frequency localized radiation force ultrasound. These waves can be measured very accurately over a short distance. Experimental studies were carried out on a pig carotid artery in gelatin. The flexural wave speed was measured by the phase change at a known distance for a given frequency. Velocity dispersion was found for the flexural wave. This is very important because the Moens-Kertowag equation does not consider dispersion. Viscoelastic properties of the artery were also measured and discussed. The present technique offers a new tool for measuring wave speed in arterial vessels.
Anti-peptide reagent identifies a primary-structure-dependent, cross-reactive idiotype expressed on heavy and light chains from a murine monoclonal anti-CD4

Abstract A synthetic peptide corresponding to the second complementarity determining region (CDR2) of the immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) region heavy (H) chain (CDR2VH) of anti-Leu3a, a murine monoclonal antibody specific for the human CD4 molecule, was used to elicit the production of specific rabbit anti-peptide antibodies. The rabbit anti-peptide antiserum was tested for reactivity against the immunizing peptide, anti-Leu3a, and a panel of mouse monoclonal anti-CD4. Only the immunizing peptide and anti-Leu3a were recognized by ELISA, whereas the H chains of anti-Leu3a and five other monoclonal anti-CD4 preparations were recognized by Western blot analysis. These data suggest that linear structures corresponding to the CDR2VH are not normally exposed on the surface of these monoclonal antibodies and become accessible only upon unfolding of the Ig molecule. In addition, Western blot analysis demonstrated that the anti-CDR2VH peptide antiserum was able to recognize the Ig light (L) chain of anti-Leu3a. This reactivity to both H and L chains from anti-Leu3a was ascribed to a homologous five amino acid sequence region shared by the two chains. The region of homology was associated with the third framework (FR3) of the L chain and was inclued as a portion of the sequence in the CDR2VH synthetic peptide. This observation was confirmed by the ability of the CDR2VH anti-peptide antiserum to bind the L chains of three mouse myeloma proteins that exhibited the five amino acid sequence region of homology within their respective FR3. Together, these data provide information on the structural basis of idiotypes shared by the H and L chains from the same antibody molecule and indicate that five amino acids might be sufficient to define a minimal continuous idiotypic determinant.
The Perceived Impact of Recovery Experience from Alcohol or Other Drug Addiction on Learning during Masters-Level Training

The learning experiences of four counseling trainees who did and did not experience recovery from alcohol or drug addiction within one masters' training cohort were explored through phenomenological interviews. Themes that emerged for the recovering trainees included a desire to share the gift of recovery, synthesis of personal experience with skills learned in training, building on a foundation of self-care, and a desire for their personal expertise on addiction and recovery to be honored. Themes that emerged for the nonrecovering trainees included feelings of inadequacy, growth in self-efficacy, developing self-care, and honoring the expertise of recovering peers. Implications for counselor education and supervision are discussed.
Analysis of the Gated IPACT Scheme for EPONs

Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time (IPACT) is one of the earliest proposed polling schemes for dynamic bandwidth allocation in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) and has been extensively used as a benchmark by many subsequent allocation schemes. In this paper, we attempt to construct a mathematical model of the IPACT scheme under the gated service discipline. For N = 1 ONU, we derive closed-form expression for the steady state grant size. For N > 1 ONUs, we need to consider separately a small and a large load-distance ratio. For the former case, the N = 1 ONU model holds even for N > 1. For the latter case, we find a closed form expression for the grant size. Our model shows a reasonable match with the values obtained from simulation for the steady state queue size and hence the throughput and delay.
Mediating Tourist Landscape: A Case Study of Media-Induced Tourism in China

This study examines the rising phenomenon of media-induced tourism. The case selected is a Chinese television drama Flowing Time and Black Town, the location where Flowing Time was filmed. Through textual analysis and ethnography, this study reveals how the meaning of the landscape is mediated and how the mediated meaning is constituted by and constitutive of people’s everyday lives. The results consist of two parts. First, television as “myth maker” transforms empirical time and space into the mythic world and embeds the media narrative into the landscape meaning. Second, gaze is a synthesis of discursive practices disciplining the interactions of social actors. Tourists, the tourism industry, and local residents play different roles in the discursive formation of the place-myth—as “seekers,” “designers,” “guiders,” and “boosters.” They work in a dynamic interplay to reproduce and reinforce the mediated meaning in the cycle of signification.
FIRM MARKET SHARE, PRICE FLEXIBILITY, AND IMPERFECT INFORMATION

This paper argues that firms with larger market shares will be relatively better informed about demand conditions. The main implications are 1) more rapid price adjustments in concentrated industries, 2) price leadership in industries with dominant firms, and 3) price setting behavior by the concentrated side of the market.
Coupling sensors to UHF RFID tags

Coupling sensor signals to existing UHF RFID tags enables low volume applications without incurring the additional cost of developing a custom integrated circuit. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated using the radar cross section as the metric in both simulations and experiments.
A Treatise on Equivalent-Plate Stiffnesses for Stiffened Laminated-Composite Plates and Plate-Like Lattices

A survey of studies conducted since 1914 on the use of equivalent-plate stiffnesses in modeling the overall, stiffness-critical response of stiffened plates and shells is presented. Two detailed, comprehensive derivations of first-approximation equivalent-plate stiffnesses are also presented that are based on the Reissner-Mindlin-type, first-order transverse-shear deformation theory for anisotropic plates. Equivalent-plate stiffness expressions, and a corresponding symbolic manipulation computer program, are also presented for several different stiffener configurations. These expressions are very general and exhibit the full range of anisotropies permitted by the Reissner-Mindlin-type, first-order transverse-shear deformation theory for anisotropic plates. The expressions presented in the present study were also compared with available, previously published results. For the most part, the previously published results are for special cases of the general expressions presented herein and are almost in complete agreement. Analysis is also presented that extends the use of the equivalent-plate stiffness expressions to sandwich plates.
A bistable pretzelane.

A switchable donor–acceptor pretzelane composed of a crown ether containing tetrathiafulvalene and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene recognition units and a covalently tethered cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) ring exhibits unidirectional motion on both oxidation (forwards) and reduction (backwards).
RfpA, RfpB, and RfpC are the master control elements of far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP)

Terrestrial cyanobacteria often occur in niches that are strongly enriched in far-red light (FRL; λ > 700 nm). Some cyanobacteria exhibit a complex and extensive photoacclimation response, known as FRL photoacclimation (FaRLiP). During the FaRLiP response, specialized paralogous proteins replace 17 core subunits of the three major photosynthetic complexes: Photosystem (PS) I, PS II, and the phycobilisome. Additionally, the cells synthesize both chlorophyll (Chl) f and Chl d. Using biparental mating from Escherichia coli, we constructed null mutants of three genes, rfpA, rfpB, and rfpC, in the cyanobacteria Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 9212 and Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203. The resulting mutants were no longer able to modify their photosynthetic apparatus to absorb FRL, were no longer able to synthesize Chl f, inappropriately synthesized Chl d in white light, and were unable to transcribe genes of the FaRLiP gene cluster. We conclude that RfpA, RfpB, and RfpC constitute a FRL-activated signal transduction cascade that is the master control switch for the FaRLiP response. FRL is proposed to activate (or inactivate) the histidine kinase activity of RfpA, which leads to formation of the active state of RfpB, the key response regulator and transcription activator. RfpC may act as a phosphate shuttle between RfpA and RfpB. Our results show that reverse genetics via conjugation will be a powerful approach in detailed studies of the FaRLiP response.
Using multimodal writing to motivate struggling students to write

One of the reasons that many secondary students fail English classes is because they are not motivated to write. This literature review was conducted to look into the use of multimodal works to increase the motivation for struggling students to write. Change theory was used to evaluate the benefits of multimodal works compared to more traditional writing projects. Overall, multimodal works were found to be motivating to students as compared to traditional, paper-based writing assignments. The review also raises concerns about accountability and feasibility for students and teachers who take on multimodal projects and concludes with recommendations for teachers who want to use multimodal works in their classrooms.
Boundaries, Fences and Water Rights

It is no easy task to mark off the exact boundaries of privately owned parcels on the earth’s surface. It has caused bitter feuds between neighbors for centuries. Humans have a way of becoming greatly aroused over a few inches of land. The Romans, under their system of law, had so much respect for real estate boundaries that they gave them the name of one of their gods, Terminus. He had no arms or legs and therefore had to stay in one place!
Alterations in Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein in Sporadic and Experimental Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) is essential for brain formation and neuronal survival. It is possible that intracellular alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) inclusions may be due to, or may cause, down-regulation of ADNP expression. Objective: This study were to determine whether ADNP protein levels are altered in nigral dopaminergic neurons, establish whether ADNP alterations are associated with alpha-syn accumulation, and evaluate potential correlations between levels of ADNP expression and axonal transport motor proteins in sporadic and experimental Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Twenty human brains from PD (n = 12) and age-matched controls (n = 8) and sixteen rat brains received alpha-synuclein gene (n = 8) or empty vector (n = 8) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The number of ADNP labeled nigral neurons were estimated with stereology and the levels of ADNP were determined using densitometry. Results: Compared to age-matched controls, a marked reduction in ADNP protein levels was observed in neuromelanin-containing nigral neurons of PD. Reduced ADNP levels did no relate to the progression of PD symptoms, but instead occurred at early PD stages, before reductions in tyrosine hydroxylase could be detected. Reductions in ADNP were also positively correlated with alterations in axonal transport motor protein. Reductions in ADNP levels were recapitulated in a rat model of PD based on viral over-expression of human wild-type alpha-synuclein, suggesting that ADNP reductions in PD are a direct result of alpha-synuclein overexpression. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the down-regulation of protein ADNP is an early pathological alteration and may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.
Evaluating a Moving Target: Lessons Learned from Using Practical Participatory Evaluation (P-PE) in Hospital Settings

This article describes lessons learned about implementing evaluations in hospital settings. In order to overcome the methodological dilemmas inherent in this environment, we used a practical participatory evaluation (P-PE) strategy to engage as many stakeholders as possible in the process of evaluating a clinical demonstration project. Demonstration projects, in this context, push the envelope about what is known about effectiveness in novel settings, and turnover of staff and patient populations can present challenges to gathering optimal data. By using P-PE, we built capacity in the environment while expanding possibilities for data collection. Suggestions are made based on our experience.
Demand for labor and population growth in colonial Java

Population growth in Java paralleled the development of a colonial economy based on the production of export crops using Javanese land and labor. The increase in population may be interpreted as a demographic response to demand for labor within the family, created by the need to intensify subsistence production in the face of colonial demands on land, labor, and produce.
Epidemiological Analysis of Seven Cases of Brucellosis

Objective To find out the epidemiological dynamics of brucellosis and to provide scientific evidence for formulating prevention and control measures in the future.Method Epidemiological and clinical data of seven patients with clinically diagnosed brucellosis were analyzed.The level of erum antibody to brucella was measured using serological method,and the bacteria were identified using microbiological method.Result Of the seven patients,two(28.57%) were Guangzhou citizens and the other five(71.43%) came from other places in the country.Three patients(42.86%) were males and the other four(57.14%) were females.All seven patients belong to the age group of 20～60 years.In terms of occupational distribution,one(14.29%) was a laboratory technician,three(42.86%) were employed in livestock slaughter and sales,and the remaining three were housewife,businessman and freelance driver.With respect to the mode of transmission,85.71% had direct or indirect contact with animals and animal products through livestock slaughtering and sales,processing and consuming of lamb and sheep placenta and indulging in roadside barbecued beef and lamb balls.14.29% were acquired from the laboratory.In vitro agglutination test showed that two cases had a titer of 1∶400,three had a titer of 1∶800 and another three had a titer of 1∶1600.Bacterial analysis revealed that two patients were infected by brucella suis type 4,and another two were infected by brucella melitensis type 3.The bacterial strains isolated from the remaining three patients were not identified.All of the seven patients were cured after treatment.Conclusion Training in diagnosis of brucellosis should be given to medical staff.Treatment should be given to the patients before the progression of the disease into the chronic stage.
An experiment on bare-metal bigdata provisioning

Many BigData customers use on-demand platforms in the cloud, where they can get a dedicated virtual cluster in a couple of minutes and pay only for the time they use. Increasingly, there is a demand for bare-metal bigdata solutions for applications that cannot tolerate the unpredictability and performance degradation of virtualized systems. Existing bare-metal solutions can introduce delays of 10s of minutes to provision a cluster by installing operating systems and applications on the local disks of servers. This has motivated recent research developing sophisticated mechanisms to optimize this installation. These approaches assume that using network mounted boot disks incur unacceptable run-time overhead. Our analysis suggest that while this assumption is true for application data, it is incorrect for operating systems and applications, and network mounting the boot disk and applications result in negligible run-time impact while leading to faster provisioning time.
MONITORING IN VASCULAR SURGERY

SUMMARY The perioperative care of the vascular surgery patients is challenging because major vascular surgery is associated with a high incidence of cardiac ischemic complications. In part, improvement in surgical outcome of these patients depends on identification of the cardiac risk and stabilization of the preoperative medical status of these patients. Equally important is a thorough understanding of the physiologic changes during such surgical procedures so that appropriate monitors can be employed to enable institution of appropriate clinical therapy. Although definitive information proving that the employment of any specific intraoperative monitor actually improves patient outcome is lacking, certain monitors provide unique information not available from conventional clinical monitors. The employment of specialized intraoperative monitor will likely provide incremental information and may eventually proved to be useful in the management of the high-risk vascular patients.
Community Colleges: Rethinking STD Prevention for the Nontraditional College Campus

ABSTRACTAs increased attention and proposed funding are being directed toward community colleges, it is important to consider the sexual and reproductive health care needs of this growing population. Existing data suggest there are significant sexual health needs among this population and often insufficient provision of services. Some community college students are more likely than students at 4-year colleges to test positive for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Given resource constraints, creative solutions are required. These may include campus-wide policies addressing STD/HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) prevention, referral systems to connect students to care in the community, and partnerships with local health departments, Federally Qualified Health Centers, or community-based organizations to assist with the provision of services. Colleges have the unique opportunity to provide students with valuable information about sexual health and services. Community colleges, in particular, are uniquely...
Pilot feasibility study of Heart2HAART: a smartphone application to assist with adherence among substance users living with HIV.

ABSTRACTBackground: Smartphones with programmable apps may offer innovative interactive interventions for improving adherence among people living with HIV with substance use problems. Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial sought to primarily determine the usability and feasibility of using a smartphone-based intervention called Heart2HAART as an adjunct to directly observed treatment with adherence counseling compared to directly observed treatment with adherence counseling alone among those with HIV and a history of substance use over a three-month time frame. Participants in the Heart2HAART condition completed an additional survey on usability and acceptability. Adherence was measured using unannounced pill counts assessed via a phone call. Results: Twenty-eight participants were randomized to receive Heart2HAART (n = 19) or control (n = 9). All were receiving either weekly (n = 9) or daily (n = 19) observed treatment. Among those randomized to Heart2HAART, 63.2% reported no difficulty using t...