cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative anticoagulant and platelet modulatory effects of enoxaparin and sulodexide

Sulodexide represents a novel antithrombotic agent with multiple sites of action on blood coagulation and vascular processes. The purpose of this study was to compare sulodexide and enoxaparin on anticoagulant effects, tissue factor (TF)-induced activation of platelets, inhibition of microparticle generation and to investigate their effect on heparin-induced platelet aggregation (HIPA). Sulodexide was compared with enoxaparin at equigravimetric concentrations. When compared to enoxaparin, sulodexide produced a stronger anticoagulant effect in the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Heptest, and thrombin time (TT) assays. In addition, sulodexide had a stronger inhibitory effect on TF-mediated microparticle generation (IC(50) = 2.8 microg/ mL), P-selectin expression (IC(50) = 4.8 microg/ml), and platelet aggregate formation (IC(50) = 8.5 microg/mL) compared to higher IC(50) values with enoxaparin. Sulodexide and enoxaparin exhibited a similar effect on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibody-mediated platelet activation HIPA assays. These results suggest that sulodexide is a relatively stronger anticoagulant agent than enoxaparin. Sulodexide is subcutaneously absorbed. Its ability to inhibit TF-mediated platelet activation may contribute to the observed therapeutic effects of sulodexide in microvascular vasculopathy such as diabetic nephropathy. These results also suggest that inhibition of TF activation of platelets by sulodexide may be independent of its anticoagulant effects. These results warrant further investigation of sulodexide in additional preclinical and clinical studies.
Rousseau's Therapeutic Experiments

‘Our passions are psychological instruments,’ Rousseau says, ‘with which nature has armed our hearts for the defence of our persons and of all that is necessary for our well-being. [But] the more we need external things, the more we are vulnerable to obstacles that can overwhelm us; and the more numerous and complex our passions become. They are naturally proportionate to our needs.’
New model for 70 kDa heat-shock proteins' potential mechanisms of function

The 70 kDa family of heat-shock proteins (hsp 70s and hsc 70s) can facilitate protein transport to several organelles. This process is thought to involve electrostatic interactions between hsp 70s and the cellular protein targeting sequences. Analysis of the highly conserved structural and functional properties of the hsp 70 family indicated that they may cross-link cellular proteins to the actin microfilament network. Direct experimental support for this hypothesis was provided by the finding that hsp 70 is constitutively bound to actin through hydrophobic interactions. The cross-linker model may provide an explanation for the mechanism by which the cytoskeletal matrix could mediate various cellular processes.
Reduction of horse heart ferricytochrome c by glutathione: evidence for two different conformational forms of ferricytochrome c in neutral and slightly alkaline solutions.

Abstract The reduction of horse heart ferricytochrome c in neutral and slightly alkaline solutions follows biphasic kinetics. The obtained results are consistent with the existence of two conformational forms of ferricytochrome c, cyt c and cyt c∗. The conversion of cyt c to cyt c∗ occurs by deprotonation (pK∼7), followed by a slow conformational change in the protein structure.
Behavioral Treatment of Trichotillomania

The frequency of a 29-yr.-old woman's chronic hair pulling was reduced by training in awareness of the habit and the application of a mildly aversive stimulus. This report presents a review of the relevant literature on behavior therapy, a description of assessment and treatment procedures, data supporting the elimination of hair pulling, and a discussion of factors which might have influenced behavioral change.
Normal repair of gamma radiation-induced single-strand and double-strand DNA breaks in retinoblastoma fibroblasts

Abstract The formation and repair of γ radiation-induced DNA damage were examined in fibroblasts from individuals with retinoblastoma. Utilizing the alkaline elution technique to study single-strand DNA breaks and the nondenaturing elution technique to study double-strand DNA breaks, cultured cell strains from two patients with bilateral retinoblastoma and one patient with sporadic retinoblastoma were shown to develop the same number of DNA breaks as cells from normal individuals after exposure to various γ radiation doses. Furthermore, the rate and extent of rejoining of both single- and double-strand DNA breaks induced by γ radiation in retinoblastoma fibroblasts were also normal. Defective DNA break repair does not appear to explain the marked predisposition to second malignancies and the possible in vitro radiation sensitivity which are associated with hereditary retinoblastoma.
A matrilineal Sufi shaykh in Sri Lanka

This article explores the influence of local concepts of matrilineal kinship and descent through women in the construction of a modern Sufi silsila (an authorized ‘chain’ of spiritual and genealogical ancestry) in Sri Lanka. Makkattar Vappa, a popular Sufi shaykh in the Tamil-speaking eastern region of the island, asserts hereditary maulana (sayyid) status as a member of the Prophet’s household descent group (ahlul bayt) by means of close genealogical linkages to a locally enshrined saint of Yemeni family ancestry traced through several women, including his mother, his father’s mother, and his wife. The kinship system here is Dravidian in structure, but with a matrilineal emphasis that is seen today in the administration of Hindu temples and Muslim mosques by matrilineal clan elders, and in the negotiation of matrilocal marriages based upon women’s pre-mortem acquisition of dowry property in the form of houses and paddy lands. The shaykh in question is himself the successor Kālifā of a Sufi order (tāriqā)...
Germanium nanocrystals synthesized in high-boiling-point organic solvents

Ge nanoparticles with sizes from 1 to 15 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition of the germane precursors trichlorogermane, tetraethylgermane, and tetrabutylgermane. Experiments were performed in the organic solvents trioctylamine, squalene, and octacosane, which have boiling points in the temperature range from 380 to 429 °C. The use of high-boiling-point solvents extended the temperature range of the reactions, thus enabling the experiments to be conducted with organogermane precursors which have high decomposition points above 400 °C. Characterization by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy showed that, depending on the reaction temperature, the final decomposition products consist of amorphous Ge nanoparticles, nanocrystals, or nanowires that grow only in the 〈110〉 direction.
Combination Treatment of Experimental Stroke with Niaspan and Simvastatin, Reduces Axonal Damage and Improves Functional Outcome

In this study we examined the effect of combination treatment of experimental stroke with Niaspan, a prolonged-release formulation of Niacin (vitamin B3), and Simvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, on functional outcome, axonal damage, axonal density and the of Iba-1 immunoreactive microglia expression in the ischemic brain of rats. Adult male rats were subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with or without Niaspan alone, Simvastatin alone and combination Niaspan and Simvastatin starting 24 h after MCAo and daily for 14 days. Neurological functional tests were performed. Axonal damage and density were evaluated by Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Bielschowsky silver, respectively. Nogo66 Receptor (NgR) expression and immunoreactive microglia (Iba-1) were also measured in the ischemic brain. Niaspan and Simvastatin monotherapy and combination treatment significantly promote functional outcome after stroke (p<0.05) compared to MCAo control animals. Combination treatment with Niaspan and Simvastatin induces additive but not synergetic effects when compared to Niaspan or Simvastatin monotherapy groups. Combination treatment significantly decreased APP expression and increased Bielschowsky silver expression. NGR and Iba-1 expression were significantly decreased in the ischemic brain. These data suggest that treatment of experimental stroke with combination of Niaspan and Simvastatin significantly improves functional outcome, reduces axonal damage and increases axonal density. Decreased expression of the NGR and reduced activated microglia may contribute to functional recovery after stroke.
Initial instruction in the pelvic examination in the United States and Canada, 1983.

Abstract Initial instruction in the pelvic examination in the United States and Canada was reviewed by questionnaire. Seventy-two percent of the 116 responding medical schools taught this material in the second year, two-thirds with a specific course devoted to the subject. Ninety-three percent used “live models” or “teaching associates” in place of, or in addition to, traditional methods such as the examination of clinic patients. The use of teaching associates was uniformly rated as an extremely effective educational method. A continued trend toward use of an educational methodology that emphasizes communication as well as psychomotor skill instruction is identified.
An ultrastructural and histochemical study of the wound response in the coenocytic green algaCaulerpa ashmeadii (Caulerpales)

The developmental sequence of events surrounding wound healing in the coenocytic marine green algaCaulerpa ashmeadii was investigated. The wound plug was found to consist primarily of polysaccharide, including sulfated forms. Low levels of protein found in the wound plug were interpreted to occur from cytoplasmic leakage during the initial wounding response. An initial retraction of the vegetative cytoplasm from the wound site occurred upon wounding. A cytoplasmic band extended across the vacuole away from the wound plug 1 hour after wounding and migrated to a position adjacent to the wound plug by 2 hours. Cytological changes from 30 minutes to 6 hours resulted in a wound cytoplasm that was similar in appearance to meristematically active areas. New wall formation began at 2 hours following wounding and was complete by 48 hours after wounding.
The Challenges Natural Images Pose for Visual Adaptation

Advances in our understanding of natural image statistics and of gain control within the retinal circuitry are leading to new insights into the classic problem of retinal light adaptation. Here we review what we know about how rapid adaptation occurs during active exploration of the visual scene. Adaptational mechanisms must balance the competing demands of adapting quickly, locally, and reliably, and this balance must be maintained as lighting conditions change. Multiple adaptational mechanisms in different locations within the retina act in concert to accomplish this task, with lighting conditions dictating which mechanisms dominate.
Pediatric cardiology and congenital heart disease.

A total of 190 abstracts were submitted to the Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Sessions; 69 were accepted for presentation either as oral or poster presentations. Three abstracts were selected for featured poster presentations in the Pediatric Cardiology/Adult Congenital
A Hybrid Hinge Model for Polarization Mode Dispersion of Installed Transmission Systems

We propose a hybrid waveplate model to characterize anisotropic effects in the hinge model of PMD. The model reproduces previous PMD generation mechanisms, but can also simulate more general (and more realistic) hinge behavior.
The Induced Radioactivity of Calcium

A study has been made of the radioactivities induced in calcium by bombardment with high energy deuterons, alpha-particles and neutrons. Following irradiation by deuterons, the active samples have been separated chemically into fractions containing scandium, calcium and potassium. Most of the activity was found in the scandium precipitate, the decay curve of which has been analyzed into three components with half-lives of 53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3 minutes, 4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 hours, and 52\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 hours. The thick target yields of these active isotopes computed for an infinite duration of bombardment are 5.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$, 3.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{7}$ and 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ deuterons per active atom. It is suggested that these periods are to be associated with ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{44}$, ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{43}$ and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{41}$, respectively. The active calcium has been found to be due to ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{45}$, the half-life of which is 2.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 hours. The thick target yield of this isotope is approximately 9.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ deuterons per active atom. The 4-hour period has been identified with ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{43}$, as the intense activity observed when calcium was bombarded with 0.2 microampere of 11 Mev alphaparticles decays with a single period of this value. The yield of ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{43}$ in this reaction is one active atom for 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ alpha-particles. ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{45}$ has also been produced by activating calcium with slow neutrons and by bombarding titanium with fast neutrons. It is shown that the 16-hour period previously reported was probably due to magnesium or sodium impurity and not to the formation of ${\mathrm{K}}^{42}$, as the period of this isotope has been found to be 12.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 hours.
Mechanism of cathodic processes on the semiconductor zinc oxide

Current-voltage characteristics of cathodic reduction of aqueous ferricyanide ion, using single crystal of n-type semiconductor zinc oxide
Grap Is a Novel SH3-SH2-SH3 Adaptor Protein That Couples Tyrosine Kinases to the Ras Pathway

A human cytoplasmic signaling protein has been cloned that possesses the same structural arrangement of SH3-SH2-SH3 domains as Grb2. This protein is designated Grap for Grb2-related adaptor protein. The single 2.3-kilobase (kb) grap transcript was expressed predominantly in thymus and spleen, while the ubiquitously expressed grb2 gene produced two mRNA species of 3.8 and 1.5 kb. Grap and Grb2 consist of 217 amino acids and share 59% amino acid sequence identity, with highest homology in the N-terminal SH3 domain. The GrapSH2 domain interacts with ligand-activated receptors for stem cell factor (c-kit) and erythropoietin (EpoR). Grap also forms a stable complex with the Bcr-Abl oncoprotein via its SH2 domain in K562 cells. Furthermore, Grap is associated with a Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor mSos1, primarily through its N-terminal SH3 domain. These results show that a family of Grb2-like proteins exist and couple signals from receptor and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases to the Ras signaling pathway.
Decomposition of ethyl chloride and vinyl chloride in an electron beam generated plasma reactor

An electron beam generated plasma reactor is used to decompose low concentrations of ethyl chloride (EC) and vinyl chloride (VC) in atmospheric pressure air streams. The energy requirements for 90% decomposition of each compound are reported as a function of inlet concentration. VC decomposition is enhanced by chlorine radical reactions. Both the EC and VC reactions seem to be inhibited by electron scavenging decomposition products. A simple analytic expression is used for fitting decomposition data where inhibition effects are important.
Optimal filling of test dies for evaluating properties of semi-solid alloys

An investigative study was conducted on how two different dies designed to produce sound specimens for evaluating mechanical properties of semi-solid alloys could be filled optimally. The first die contains one cavity that produces a wedge with a sectional thickness varying from 19.05 mm (0.75 in) to 9.52 mm (0.375 in). The second die contains four cavities fed by a single runner, producing ASTM-type round bars with a diameter of 9.52 mm (0.375 in). Experiments were undertaken to cast partial and complete shots of A356 alloy test specimens under controlled injection conditions. Flow patterns developed from the moment the alloy entered the cavity were noted, including difficulties experienced in balancing flow in the four-cavity die. Microstructural abnormalities were observed in the bar specimens examined using optical and electron microscopy. It was found that control of filling and solidification in the wedge die was much easier and specimens produced did not result in any significant alloy segregation.
Evidence for the one-electron oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium (MPDP+).

Summary Optical data have shown that the neurotoxin metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium undergoes one-electron oxidation/reduction in the presence of iron chelates. The activation energy for one-electron oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium is less than that for two-electron oxidation. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium. Reactivity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinyl radical is discussed in relation to the well-known pyridinyl radicals.
Building High-Performance Teams in the Operating Room

Building effective teams requires the delineation of clear goals, an understanding of each member's role in reaching that goal, and continuous feedback as issues are identified. The solo mentality required to become a health care provider needs to be modified to see a bigger picture. Finally, consistent buy-in and support from senior administration to deal with disruptive personalities is vital for long-term success.
Casino gambling in private school and adjudicated youngsters : A survey of practices and related variables

This study provides additional information about casino gambling practices in two adolescent samples. Specifically, 109 adolescents from a religious high school and 84 adolescents from a juvenile detention facility in Las Vegas, Nevada were surveyed. Of these, 71 (36.8%) were found to gamble regularly (58 males, 13 females, mean age 15.9 years). Results indicated many similarities among the two groups. The overall sample appeared to have a strong affinity for casino gambling, were diverse in their practices and reasons for gambling, reported a variety of emotional and physiological behaviors when gambling, occasionally experienced problems from casino gambling, and had parents who generally approved and were aware of their children's gambling behavior. The accessibility and family-oriented nature of many new casinos may be responsible for these effects.
Temperature response to acetaminophen and risk of occult bacteremia: A case-control study

A case-control study of 34 children with occult bacteremia was conducted to test the hypothesis that nonresponse to acetaminophen (decrease ≤0.8°C) is a risk factor for occult bacteremia. Febrile children visiting the emergency center from May 1986 to October 1987 were monitored for occult bacteremia. Inclusion criteria were age 2 months to 6 years, temperature ≥38.9°C, and having blood culture. Exclusion criteria were serious acute or chronic illness, sponging for fever reduction, current therapy with antibiotics or steroids, and admission to the hospital. Records of 3892 febrile children were reviewed. Of these, 2101 (54%) had a blood culture and 1028 (26%) were eligible. All patients (positive blood culture) were matched with two control subjects (negative blood culture). Patients and control subjects had similar age, gender, ethnicity, height of initial temperature, time to second temperature, and dose of acetaminophen. The estimated risk of occult bacteremia for nonresponders was 9.2 (95% confidence interval 2.7, 32.0). We conclude that children who do not respond to acetaminophen by at least a 0.8°C decrease in temperature have an increased risk of occult bacteremia. However, achieving a response to acetaminophen does not eliminate the possibility that the child has occult bacteremia.
Grasshopper as a model system for the analysis of juvenile hormone delivery to chromatin acceptor sites

In the analysis of insect juvenile hormone (JH) function, metamorphosis is complicated by ecdysone and JH acting concurrently. Although JH stimulation of vitellogenin synthesis by the fat body is by no means simple, it is possible to focus on the events leading to selective transcription of a single gene. The two-striped grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus was used to study nuclear binding of JH during vitellogenesis and to investigate proteins binding JH that have been found in hemolymph and fat body. M. bivittatus reproduction is regulated by JH. The fat body nuclei increased in ploidy with time after eclosion, and, because the antiallatotropin precocene completely inhibited vitellogenin production, we assume that this grasshopper differs little from Locusta migratoria in which JH stimulates transcription of the vitellogenin gene. Proteins that bind JH with high affinity were identified with the hydroxyapatite assay. Characterization of the JH-binding proteins included ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four proteins of hemolymph and three proteins of fat body bound JH with high affinity, and binding was competitively inhibited by JHIII. Short-term tissue culture was used to follow [3H]JH-III uptake by fat body and to determine the intracellular distribution of the hormone. Proteins that bound JH were extracted from nuclei with KCI, and they increased in number from the time of adult emergence to the time of maximum vitellogenin secretion. The JH-binding proteins from nuclei might be receptors that help regulate the selective expression of genes for vitellogenin and for other proteins induced by JH.
Properties of ternary Sn-Ag-Bi solder alloys: Part I-Thermal properties and microstructural analysis

Bismuth additions of 1% to 10% were made to the 96.5Sn-3.5Ag (wt.%) alloy in an effort to develop a Sn-Ag-Bi ternary composition. A DSC evaluation of the melting properties of the 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi composition suggested the appearance of metastable, short-range order in the atomic structure as a result of low temperature, thermal aging. More extensive solid-state aging studies on 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi/Cu couples resulted in the growth of an intermetallic compound layer at the solder/substrate interface comprised of Cu3Sn and the Cu6Sn5 sub-layers. The growth kinetics of the total layer thickness (x) as a function of solid-state aging time (t) and temperature (T) were represented by the following expression: $$x - x_o = A t^n \exp ( - Q/RT)$$ where x0=0.57 × 10−6 m; A=6.22 × 10−3 m/sn; n=0.46±0.15; and Q=49±8 kJ/mol. TEM analysis of the 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi composition indicated that solid-solution and precipitation strengthening mechanisms were a likely consequence of the Bi additions. Contact angle measurements, Cu/solder/Cu solder joint shear strength tests, and microhardness evaluations were also performed on the Sn-Ag-Bi alloys; those results are reported in Part II.
Students' experience with women's health care in a family medicine clerkship

Summary Clerkship encounter forms were used to assess the types of diagnoses seen, the level of activities performed (student responsibility), and self-reported competence (comfort level) in dealing with patients. Introduction Many medical schools require a family medicine clerkship, yet little is known about the quantity and diversity of the diagnoses encountered by the students. This study examines clerkship students' experience with women's health care diagnoses. Methods Over a 2-year period, 445 students completed 3320 patient encounter forms for patients with a women's health diagnosis, noting patient age, location of care (office, hospital, etc.), up to four presenting diagnoses, the degree to which the student was involved with selected activities (taking a history, performing a physical examination, observing only, etc.) and the degree of self-reported competence. Results Of the 78 854 diagnoses presented, 3677 (6·1%) were women's health conditions, most commonly normal pregnancy (47·5%), disorders of menstruation (8·2%), menopausal and postmenopausal disorders (7·4%), disorders of the breast (6·0%), pain in female genital organs (5·7%), and disease of the cervix, vagina and vulva (5·2%). Students reported a high level of competence in diagnosing and treating these patients. The students routinely discussed women's health cases with their preceptors. Discussion Students reported that they were `unskilled' or `marginally competent' with approximately 10% of the women's health patient encounters, compared with 6% for all other encounters. The clerkship provided students with the greatest opportunity to observe and discuss individual cases with a preceptor. However, students infrequently suggested a treatment or provided patient education or women's health counselling.
Current reference for energy harvesting: 50um per side, At 70 nW, regulating to 125C

Suitable for ultra low power applications, including energy harvesting, the proposed current reference belongs to a resistor-free category of CMOS circuits that combines a PTAT signal dependent on V T and CTAT signal dependent on MOSFET's μ to generate a relatively temperature and V TH independent current source. The proposed topology delivers a 10 nA current reference that consumes under 70 nW of power operating with a V DD as low as 0.65V. At about 45um by 55um, it is 4 to 50 times smaller in size, compared to prior art current references in its category, and it has a temperature span that exceeds 125C versus about 80C limit for most of its comparable alternatives, according to Monte Carlo simulations. Higher temperature span is achieved by (1) Sensing the PTAT voltage and forcing the I r at the gate and not the source of the reference current loop, (2) employing differential source followers to generate a larger PTAT voltage instead of prior art use of either asymmetric current mirrors or scaled self-cascode, and (3) using donut shaped equal W/L transistors to minimize drain size for less leakage current. Larger PTAT voltage helps desensitize I r from offsets (due to V TH and W/L mismatches associated with transistors in current mirror and loop amplifier). The proposed topology allows for elimination of asymmetric transistors and cascoded current mirrors in the I r current loop. As a result, compact die size is realized, the impact of source-drain junction leakages is reduced substantially, and hot temperature span is extended. MC simulations, and analysis verifies that TC of about ± 350 ppm/C over a 150C temperature span is achievable, and VC of about ± 0.1% /V in 180nm standard digital CMOS.
Transient Dynamic Response and Failure of Sandwich Composite Structures under Impact Loading with Fluid Structure Interaction

The objective of this study is to examine the Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) effect on transient dynamic response and failure of sandwich composite structures under impact loading. The primary sandwich composite used in this study consisted of a 6.35 mm balsa core and a multi-ply symmetrical plain weave 6 oz E-glass skin. Both clamped sandwich composite plates and beams were studied using a uniquely designed vertical drop-weight testing machine. There were three impact conditions on which these experiments focused. The first of these conditions was completely dry (or air surrounded) testing. The second condition was completely water submerged. The final condition was also a water submerged test with air support at the backside of the plates. The tests were conducted sequentially, progressing from a low to high drop height to determine the onset and spread of damage to the sandwich composite when impacted with the test machine. The study showed the FSI effect on sandwich composite structures is very critical such that impact force, strain response, and damage size are generally much greater with FSI under the same impact condition. As a result, damage initiates at much lower impact energy conditions with the effect of FSI. Neglecting to account for FSI effects on sandwich composite structures results in very non-conservative analysis and design. Additionally, it was observed that the damage location changed for sandwich composite beams with the effect of FSI.
Repositioning a dislodged new lumenless pacing lead: a simple tool and technique.

The SelectSecure™ catheter delivery system and active fixation 4.1 French diameter Model 3830 pacing lead (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA) has the advantage of permitting precise implant at nearly any desired location due to catheter maneuverability. However, as the lead lacks an internal stylet lumen, it is intrinsically floppy and any repositioning after the delivery catheter is removed is nearly impossible, necessitating lead extraction and a repeat of the implant process. At present, there are no commercially available tools to precisely reposition this lead. This report presents a simplified approach to reimplant a dislodged Model 3830 lead using currently available materials to create an effective maneuverable and removable encircling snare.
Organic−Inorganic Nanocomposites via Directly Grafting Conjugated Polymers onto Quantum Dots

Nanocomposites of poly(3-hexylthiophene)−cadmium selenide (P3HT−CdSe) were synthesized by directly grafting vinyl-terminated P3HT onto [(4-bromophenyl)methyl]dioctylphosphine oxide (DOPO-Br)-functionalized CdSe quantum dot (QD) surfaces via a mild palladium-catalyzed Heck coupling, thereby dispensing with the need for ligand exchange chemistry. The resulting P3HT−CdSe nanocomposites possess a well-defined interface, thus significantly promoting the dispersion of CdSe within the P3HT matrix and facilitating the electronic interaction between these two components. The photophysical properties of nanocomposites were found to differ from the conventional composites in which P3HT and CdSe QDs were physically mixed. Solid-state emission spectra of nanocomposites suggested the charge transfer from P3HT to CdSe QDs, while the energy transfer from 3.5 nm CdSe QD to P3HT was implicated in the P3HT/CdSe composites. A faster decay in lifetime further confirmed the occurrence of charge transfer in P3HT−CdSe nanocompos...
To the 12th A.S.M.E. Mechanisms Conference, San Francisco, 9 October 1972

Zusammenfassung Bedeutende Fortschritte in Getriebelehre wurden in den letzten 30 Jahren gemacht, und wir sollten stolz darauf sein. Sollten wir uns jedoch damit zufriedengeben? Wie oft werden heute Forschungsplaene unterbreitet, nur um den zustaendigen Regierungsbehoerden einen Gefallen zu erweisen? Wie oft dient die Forschung hauptsaechlich dem Zweck, es Universitaetsproffessoren zu ermoeglichen, ausgezeichnete Artikel in bekannten Fachzeitschriften zu verfassen? Was ist der wirkliche Wert unserer Arbeit wenn diese von Aussenseitern, insbesondere von der Industrie, beurteilt wird? Wir muessen uns diesem grundliegenden Problem ernsthaft zuwenden und uns fragen: Was stimmt mit Kinematik und Getriebelehre?
Effects of depletion of K+, Na+, or Ca2+ on DNA synthesis and cell cation content in chick embryo fibroblasts.

Decreasing the K+ concentration of the medium from 5 mM to 0.59 mM decreased the K+ content of chick embryo fibroblasts to 22% of control values and increased the Na+ content to 820% of control values. The alteration of monovalent cation content occurred within two hours but had no effect on the rate of DNA synthesis, as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, for at least 16 hours. By decreasing the Na+ concentration in the medium, a 50% reduction in cellular Na+ could be obtained with no effect on thymidine incorporation. Since these changes in cellular Na+ and K+ are much larger than any known to occur under physiological conditions but have no effect on thymidine incorporation, we conclude that Na+ and K+ do not play a critical role in determining multiplication rate. Addition of 1.8 mM EGTA to cells in media containing 1.7 mM Ca2+ and 0.8 mM Mg2+ inhibited thymidine incorporation and sharply decreased cellular K+ and increased cellular Na+ content. However, there was no reduction in total cellular Ca2+ levels. Likewise, decreasing the Ca2+ concentration of the medium below 0.01 mM inhibited thymidine incorporation, decreased cellular K+ and Mg2+, and increased cellular Na+ but did not affect total cellular Ca2+ levels. Inhibition of DNA synthesis, therefore, could not be correlated with changes in cellular Ca2+ levels.
NATO science for peace and security program

A little-known science program administered by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), called NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Program, has a successful record of stimulating collaboration by experts from NATO countries with experts from countries from the former soviet block of countries (called partner countries) and several countries of the Middle East (called Mediterranean Dialogue countries). The former countries are associated with NATO through the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, and the latter through the Mediterranean Dialogue. Grants are given to experts for a number of scientific objectives: short-term scientific exchange, organized workshops and training, and longer term sustained research or meetings. SPS program objectives until 2006 were carried by the previous program called Committee for the Challenges for Modern Society (CCMS) Program. The current priorities of SPS are:
Control your cravings: Self-controlled food choice varies by eating attitudes, sex, and food type among Division I collegiate athletes

Abstract Eating attitudes are predictive of disordered eating, which can be quite prevalent among collegiate athletes. The present study tested if disordered eating attitudes and the sex of collegiate athletes are related to “self-controlled food choice” for four food types: a dessert, fried food, fruit, and vegetable. In total, 102 athletes completed a disordered eating attitudes assessment and a delay discounting task. For the delay discounting task, athletes chose between one large delayed reward and one successively smaller immediate reward for four food types, and indifference points were computed with lower indifference points indicating greater self-controlled food choice. In this study female athletes showed greater self-controlled food choice for all three tempting food types (dessert, fried food, and fruit), but not the control food type (vegetable). For males, results were moderated by their level of disordered eating attitudes. Overall, these data show that “self-controlled food choice,” measured using a delay discounting task, is a key factor related to sex differences in disordered eating attitudes among college athletes.
Generation of Multiple Excitons in PbSe and CdSe Quantum Dots by Direct Photoexcitation: First-Principles Calculations on Small PbSe and CdSe Clusters

We demonstrate for the first time using a combination of the Hartree−Fock approximation and the symmetry adapted cluster theory with configuration interaction (SAC-CI) that multiple excitons (ME) in PbSe and CdSe quantum dots (QD) can be generated directly upon photoexcitation. At energies 2.5−3 times the lowest excitation, almost all optically excited states in Pb4Se4 become MEs, while both single excitons and MEs are seen in Cd6Se6. We analyze the high-level SAC-CI results of the small clusters based on the band structure and then extend our band structure analysis to Pb68Se68, Pb180Se180, Cd33Se33, and Cd111Se111. Our results explain the ultrafast generation of MEs without the need for a phonon relaxation bottleneck and clarify why PbSe is particularly suitable for generation of MEs. Efficient exciton multiplication can be used to considerably increase the efficiency of QD-based solar cells.
Use of photomultiplier tubes for photon counting.

Critique on photomultiplier tube for photon counting, considering pulse height distribution, SNR and electron collection efficiency errors
The relationship of hepatitis history and pathological diagnosis of primary liver cancer

Abstract During the analysis of risk factors in relation to primary liver cancer, we noticed an association between the confirmed (as opposed to probable) pathologic diagnosis of liver cancer and a positive history of hepatitis. This report pursues the observation using data from the Selected Cancers Study. Study subjects included 168 men who lived in areas covered by eight cancer registries in the U.S., and were pathologically diagnosed with confirmed or probable primary liver cancer during 1984–1988. The results showed that men with confirmed primary liver cancer were six times more likely to have a hepatitis diagnosed within 3 years before liver cancer detection, compared with those with probable primary liver cancer. Further analyses showed that men with a confirmed primary liver cancer or with a recent hepatitis more likely had a tissue specimen obtained from a surgery, and less likely had one from an aspiration. Upon adjustment for type of specimen, the association between pathological confirmation of primary liver cancer and recent hepatitis persisted. The results raised questions whether recent hepatitis and its pathologic changes influence choice of tissue-collecting procedure and ultimate pathological diagnosis of primary liver cancer. Other factors that might be related to the findings also need to be examined in future studies.
Steaming the catalyst in catalytic cracking apparatuses

It is shown that for the effective removal of adsorbed hydrocarbons from the catalyst and for a significant decrease in the heat evolution in the regenerator, it is necessary to increase the steaming temperature to 510–540°C.
Blood Group Sensitization. A Comparison of Antigens K1 (Kell) and c (hr

Summary Although it is possible that K1 is somewhat more antigenic than c, the data here suggest that the larger population at risk may be the best explanation for the greater frequency of anti-K1 than of anti-c subsequent to transfusions. The much greater opportunity for exposure to c than to K1 in pregnancy may be the sole explanation for the much greater frequency of anti-c than anti-K1 as a cause of erythroblastosis fetalis. Resume Malgre le fait qu'il soit possible que K1 soit plus antigenique que c, les resultats obtenus laissent supposer que la meilleure explication de la frequence plus grande de l'anti-K1 par rapport a l'anti-c apres transfusion est que le risque de sensibilisation est plus grand parmi la population. Dans les gossesses, au contraire, les occasions sont plus grandes d'etre en contact avec l'antigene c qu'avec l'antigene K1 et ceci peut etre la seule explication des erythroblastoses foetales qui sont plus frequentes avec l'anti-c qu'avec l'anti-K1. Zusammenfassung Obschon es nicht auszuschliesen ist, das K1 ein etwas starkeres Antigen als c darstellt, zeigen die hier vorgelegten Daten, das das grosere Expositionsrisiko die wesentliche UrRache fur das im Vergleich zu Anti-c haufigere Auftreten von Anti- K1 nach Bluttransfusionen darstellt. Ebenso bietet die Tatsache, das c-inkompatible Schwangerschaften ungleich haufiger vorkommen als solche mit einer K1-Inkompatibilitat eine ausreicbende Erklarung dafur, das bei Erythroblastosis foetalis Anti-c haufiger als Anti-K1 gefunden wird.
A multi-component treatment for irritable bowel syndrome

In the first of two studies, four individuals, diagnosed by their physician as suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), were treated in individual A-B designs. The 12-session treatment program included progressive relaxation therapy, thermal biofeedback, educational information, and training in stress-coping strategies. Participants were asked to make daily ratings of the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms throughout the program. As measured by these ratings, treatment was effective in markedly reducing the symptoms in two of the four participants. Phone contacts two years following treatment revealed treatment gains had been maintained. Given these promising results, Study 2 compared, in a randomized trial, the results of the same multi-component treatment program to a symptom-monitoring condition in 19 additional IBS sufferers. Treatment was effective in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms in 6 out of the 10 treated individuals, while individuals in the symptom-monitoring condition showed little change. The symptom-monitoring group was then offered treatment, and more than half of this group improved.
Passive tactile feedback facilitates mental rotation of handheld objects

Mental rotation of objects improves when passive tactile information for the rotating object accompanies the imagined rotation (Wraga, Creem, & Proffitt, 2000). We examined this phenomenon further using a within-subjects paradigm involving handheld objects. In Experiment 1, participants imagined rotating an unseen object placed on their upturned palms. The participants were faster at mental rotation when the object was rotated on their palm than when the object remained stationary. Experiment 2 tested whether the performance advantage would endure when the participants received tactile information for only the start- and endpoints of the rotation event. This manipulation did not improve performance, relative to a stationary control. Experiment 3 revealed that ambiguous tactile information, continuous with the rotation event but independent of object shape, actually degraded performance, relative to a stationary control. In Experiment 4, we found that continuous tactile rotation discrepant from imagined object movement also hindered performance, as compared with continuous tactile information aligned with imagined object movement. The findings suggest a tight coupling between tactile information specifying continuous object rotation and the corresponding internal representation of the rotating object.
Properties of a second sensory receptor protein in Halobacterium halobium phototaxis

A second slow-cycling retinylidene protein, in addition to slow-cycling (sensory) rhodopsin (SR), can be bleached with hydroxylamine and regenerated with all-trans retinal in photosensory signaling Halobacterium halobium membranes. Flash photolysis shows this protein undergoes a photochemical reaction cycle characterized by photoconversion of its ground state (lambda max 480 nm) to a species with lambda max less than or equal to 360 nm, which thermally regenerates the 480-nm species with a t1/2 of 260 msec at 25 degrees C, under conditions in which SR photocycles at 650 msec in the same membranes. Mutants characterized with respect to their phototaxis behavior are identified which contain SR and the 480-nm pigment, the latter ranging from undetectable to a concentration equal to that of SR. Receptor mutants lacking all phototaxis sensitivity lack both of the photochemically reactive proteins. The mutant properties contribute to an accumulation of behavioral and spectroscopic evidence that the 480-nm pigment is a second sensory photoreceptor in H. halobium. NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of (/sup 3/H)retinal-labeled membrane proteins from the mutants indicates SR and the 480-nm pigment contain distinct chromophoric polypeptides differing in their migration rates. The data implicate polypeptides of 25,000 Mr and 23,000 Mr as retinal-binding polypeptides of SR andmore » the 480-nm protein, respectively.« less
Reflexive fighting in the albino rat: Aggressive or defensive behavior?

Specific agonistic responses of albino rats were compared for dominant colony rats and intruders, and for rats in a “reflexive fighting” task. The “reflexive fighters” showed high levels of defensive responses such as boxing and freezing, and very low levels of aggressive behaviors such as piloerection, biting, and the lateral display. This pattern clearly suggests that the behaviors measured in the reflexive fighting task reflect conspecific defensive reactions, rather than “shockelicited aggression.” Moreover, striking responses seen in the reflexive fighting task also occur at a high rate when footshock is given to a solitary rat held in a boxing posture. Thus it appears that “reflexive fighting” primarily involves defensive rather than aggressive responses.
Fabrication Capabilities for Spherical Foam Targets Used in ICF Experiments

This paper reviews the processes developed at General Atomics (GA) in the past several years to fabricate a variety of spherical foam targets at various densities for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) community. The two most common chemical systems used to produce spherical foam targets have been resorcinol-formaldehyde (R/F) aerogel and divinylbenzene (DVB). Spherical targets have been made in the form of shells and beads with diameters ranging from approximately 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and densities from 100 mg/cc to 250 mg/cc, with typical high yield of intact shells or beads of 90%-95%. Permeation barriers have been developed and deposited on both R/F and DVB shells. We have also made R/F foam shells with higher pore size (0.10-0.50 mum) in order to increase the cryo-fill fraction when these shells are cryogenically layered with D2. Another spherical target that is currently under development that will also be discussed is silica aerogels shells and beads. Other foam target materials currently under development, such metal doped R/F aerogel beads for extreme ultra violet (EUV) source experiments will also be discussed
The Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) Coastal Ocean Sensor

PRISM is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer intended to address the needs of airborne coastal ocean science research. Its critical characteristics are high throughput and signal-to-noise ratio, high uniformity of response to reduce spectral artifacts, and low polarization sensitivity. We give a brief overview of the instrument and results from laboratory calibration measurements regarding the spatial, spectral, radiometric and polarization characteristics.
The Mediator subunit MED1/TRAP220 is required for optimal glucocorticoid receptor-mediated transcription activation

The MED1/TRAP220 subunit of the Mediator plays a key role in facilitating ligand-dependent interactions of this multisubunit coactivator complex with nuclear receptors through their ligand binding domains. The isolated MED1/TRAP220 protein previously was shown to interact with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in a ligand-dependent manner. However, the functional role of MED1/TRAP220, within the context of the entire Mediator, is not well studied in GR-mediated transcription. In this study, we show that GR binds directly to the Mediator complex and that both LXXLL motifs of MED1/TRAP220 contribute to its binding to GR. Furthermore, using a Med1/Trap220 2/2 mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) line that lacks entirely MED1/TRAP220, we show that MED1/TRAP220 enhances GR-mediated transcription from an MMTV promoter based-reporter gene and that mutations in the MED1/TRAP220 LXXLL motifs reduce, but do not eliminate, GR-dependent transcription. An analysis of endogenous genes in Med1/Trap220 2/2 cells has confirmed a variable MED1/TRAP220 requirement for different GR target genes. Taken together, these findings support the idea that Mediator, at least in part through MED1/ TRAP220, plays a coregulatory role in liganddependent GR-mediated gene expression.
Psychoactive Drugs: A Course Evaluation:

Evidence is presented concerning achievement of cognitive objectives in a college course on drugs. A mastery grading system insured that students learned to criterion. Reported experience with drugs did not change during the course and was unrelated to measures of learning and student ratings of the course and the instructors. Concern for friend's drug usage did increase and changes were observed in preferred sources of advice and information about drugs.