cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REVISION OF B.ED. CURRICULUM IN INDIA DURING 1950S: A RETROSPECT

The main objective of educational reconstruction in India during the post-independence period was to break the colonial legacy and build up a national system of education based on Indian culture. Teachers’ training had been one of the major areas of concern of Government of India right from the inception of independence. Since then, importance of training of teachers for all levels of school education, particularly primary and secondary, had drawn the attention of educationists and national leaders. Concern for improving the quality of teacher education had been reflected in various educational documents; reports; letters and speeches delivered by eminent personalities in various occasions like seminars; conferences and meetings. Accordingly, efforts had been made for the development of teacher education programme both in terms of quantity and quality. One of the earliest tasks taken in 1950s by the Ministry of Education to improve the quality of secondary teacher education, was to revise the B.Ed. syllabus in 1956. Because, curriculum is the backbone of any educational programme which needs revision every after few years with the changes in society. Teacher education is also not an exception in this direction. Considering the Report of the ‘B.Ed.’ Syllabus Revision Committee as an important document for secondary teacher education programme, an effort has been made in this article to analyse the report from present perspective.
Revisiting the Power Pose Effect: How Robust Are the Results Reported by Carney, Cuddy, and Yap (2010) to Data Analytic Decisions?

The literature on the impact of expansive poses on biological and psychological variables is characterized by discrepant findings. These discrepant findings may, in part, be a function of differenc...
Visions and Apparitions in the Modern Period

The subject of this chapter is epiphanic visual apprehensions in the modern period with sensory or pictorial content, as opposed to what St. Teresa and others called intellectual visions. These sensory visions are what Teresa termed imaginary visions. They have strong visual content, although it may not be visible to others. Here, we consider three visions or apparitions of Mary, which occurred at Tepayac in Mexico, and at Lourdes and Fatima in Europe, in the sixteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries respectively, each of which gained wide popular acceptance. We also present imaginary visions that Teresa experienced and as well visions of this type experienced by St. Catherine of Genoa, Teresa’s near contemporary. Turning to the Native American tradition, we consider visions attained by Black Elk, an Oglala Sioux medicine man and holy man, and others in that tradition, commenting on the great difference between the phenomenal content of visions occurring in this tradition and in the Christian tradition.
Ever, Again: Psychoanalysis, Secular Time, and the Performance of Witness

The scene of war has changed dramatically since Sigmund Freud wrote the two essays that would become ‘Thoughts for the Times on War and Death ’ (1915). Freud was writing in the early months of World War I . Despite his initial enthusiasm for the war, Freud stepped back critically to interrogate our investment in war and the relationship between that investment and our attitude towards death. In this chapter, Pellegrini returns to Freud’s 1915 reflections to ask how they may help us negotiate and reimagine our contemporary moment of endless war and develop a different attitude towards life and death. To do so, Pellegrini underscores psychoanalysis ’s ambivalent status as a signal science of secular modernity and as a practice whose ways of telling and reshaping time potentially resist the disciplinary force of being secular.
Tight Parallel Repetition Theorems for Public-coin Arguments.

Following Hastad et al. [HPPW08], we study parallel repetition theorems for public-coin interactive arguments and their generalizations. We obtain the following results: 1. We show that the reduction of Hastad et al. [HPPW08] actually gives a tight direct product theorem for public-coin interactive arguments. That is, n-fold parallel repetition reduces the soundness error from δ to δ. The crux of our improvement is a new analysis that avoid using Raz’s Sampling Lemma, which is the key to the previous results. 2. We give a new reduction to strengthen the direct product theorem of Hastad et al. for arguments with extendable and simulatable verifiers. We show that n-fold parallel repetition reduces the soundness error from δ to δ, which is almost tight. In particular, we remove the dependency on the number of rounds in the bound, and as a consequence, extend the “concurrent” repetition theorem of Wikstrom [Wik09] to this model. 3. We give a simple and generic reduction which shows that tight direct product theorems imply almost-tight Chernoff-type theorems. The reduction extends our results to Chernofftype theorems, and gives an alternative proof to the Chernoff-type theorem of Impagliazzo et al. [IJK07] for weakly-verifiable puzzles. 4. As an additional contribution, we observe that the reduction of Pass and Venkitasubramaniam [PV07] for constant-round public-coin arguments gives tight parallel repetition theorems for threshold verifiers, who accept when more than a certain number of repetition accepts.
Household Vehicle Bundle Choice and Gasoline Demand: A Discrete-Continuous Approach

Accurately estimating the price elasticity of demand for gasoline is fundamental in many different policy settings, in that how consumers respond to changing gas prices significantly affects the outcome of policy forecasts and debates. This paper simultaneously addresses four common modeling assumptions frequently used in gasoline demand estimation that cause the researcher to underestimate this elasticity. These are (i) ignoring the role of bundle effects in the driving decision; (ii) over-aggregation of the choice set; (iii) ignoring the inter-relatedness of the decisions about how much to drive and what vehicles to purchase; and (iv) failing to account for unobserved vehicle attributes. While methods typically found in the literature can only deal with a subset of these issues at a time, the empirical technique I employ (which is based on revealed preference inequalities) easily allows for an integrated analysis that deals with all of these concerns. Furthermore, this approach allows me to test the impact of each of these assumptions, both independently and jointly, on the elasticity estimate. By utilizing disaggregate household data from the National Household Transportation Survey in 2001 and 2009, I demonstrate that the researcher may underestimate the elasticity up to 66% if these aspects of the vehicle purchase and driving decisions are not taken into consideration.
Occurrence and expression of β-galactosidase in dextran-producing Leuconostoc species

The occurrence and expression of β-galactosidase among various dextran-producing Leuconostoc strains was determined. β-Galactosidase was detected from four of twelve Leuconostoc strains tested. β-Galactosidase in L. mesenteroides was induced by lactose and was repressed by glucose. Growth curves of L. mesenteroides on lactose indicated extended lag and late growth phases that were shortened when the inoculum was preexposed to lactose.
Band structure theory of the bcc to hcp Burgers distortion

The Burgers distortion is a two-stage transition between bcc and hcp structures. Refractory metal elements from the Sc and Ti columns of the periodic table (bcc/hcp elements) form bcc structures at high temperatures but transition to hcp at low temperatures via the Burgers distortion. Elements of the V and Cr columns, in contrast, remain bcc at all temperatures. The energy landscape of bcc/hcp elements exhibits an alternating slide instability, while the normal bcc elements remain stable as bcc structures. This instability is verified by the presence of unstable elastic constants and vibrational modes for bcc/hcp elements, while those elastic constants and modes are stable in bcc elements. We show that a pseudogap opening in the density of states at the Fermi level drives the Burgers distortion in bcc/hcp elements, suggesting the transition is of the Jahn-Teller-Peierls type. The pseudogap lies below the Fermi level for regular bcc elements in the V and Cr columns of the periodic table. The wave vector ${\mathbf{k}}_{S}$ when the gap opens relates to the reciprocal lattice vector $\mathbf{G}=(1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\frac{1}{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\frac{1}{2})$ of the distorted bcc structure as ${\mathbf{k}}_{S}=\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{G}$. The bcc binary alloys containing both bcc/hcp and bcc elements exhibit a similar instability but stabilize part way through the bcc to hcp transition.
Hippocampal neural progenitor cells play a distinct role in fear memory retrieval in male and female CIE rats

Adult male and female GFAP-TK transgenic rats experienced six weeks of chronic intermittent ethanol vapor inhalation (CIE). During the last week of CIE, a subset of male and female TK rats were fed with Valcyte to ablate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Seventy-two hours after CIE cessation, all CIE and age-matched ethanol naive controls experienced auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC). Twenty-four hours later all animals were tested for cue-mediated retrieval in the fear context. Adult male CIE rats showed a significant burst in NPCs paralleled by reduction in fear retrieval compared to naive controls and Valcyte treated CIE rats. Adult female CIE rats did not show a burst in NPCs and showed similar fear retrieval compared to naive controls and Valcyte treated CIE rats, indicating that CIE-mediated impairment in fear memory and its regulation by NPCs was sex dependent. Valcyte significantly reduced Ki-67 and NeuroD labeled cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) in both sexes, demonstrating a role for NPCs in reduced fear retrieval in males. Valcyte prevented adaptations in GluN2A receptor expression and synaptoporin density in the DG in males, indicating that NPCs contributed to alterations in plasticity-related proteins and mossy fiber projections that were associated with reduced fear retrieval. These data suggest that DG NPCs born during withdrawal and early abstinence from CIE are aberrant, and could play a role in weakening long-term memory consolidation dependent on the hippocampus.
Minimizing energy consumption from connected signalized intersections by reinforcement learning

Explicit energy minimization objectives are often discouraged in signal optimization algorithms due to its negative impact on mobility performance. One potential direction to solve this problem is to provide a balanced objective function to achieve desired mobility with minimized energy consumption. This research developed a reinforcement learning (RL) based control with reward functions considering energy and mobility in a joint manner-a penalty function is introduced for number of stops. Further, we proposed a clustering-based technique to make the state-space finite which is critical for a tractable implementation of the RL algorithm. We implemented the algorithm in a calibrated NG-SIM network within a traffic micro-simulator-PTV VISSIM. With sole focus on energy, we report 47% reduction in energy consumption when compared with existing signal control schemes, however causing a 65.6% increase in system travel time. In contrast, the control strategy focusing on energy minimization with penalty for stops yields 6.7% reduction in energy consumption with 27% increase in system travel time. The developed RL algorithm with a flexible penalty function in the reward will achieve desired energy goals for a network of signalized intersections without compromising on the mobility performance. Disclaimer: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan
Multiagent UAV Routing: A Game Theory Analysis With Tight Price of Anarchy Bounds

We study the multiagent unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) routing problem where a set of UAVs needs to collect information via surveillance of an area of operation. Each UAV is autonomous and does not rely on a reliable communication medium to coordinate with other UAVs. We formulate the problem as a game where UAVs are players and their strategies are the different routes they can take. Our model also incorporates the useful concept of information fusion. This results in a new variant of weighted congestion-type games. We show that the price of anarchy (PoA) of the game is at most 2, irrespective of the number of UAVs and their sensor capabilities. This also validates the empirical results of earlier works. Furthermore, we identify classes of games for the existence of a pure Nash equilibrium. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first such theoretical results in the related literature. Finally, we conduct experimental studies using randomly generated instances with several multiagent UAV routing policies. Our insights are that PoA increases with the congestion level when the same number of UAVs search a smaller area or more UAVs search the same area, and on an average, our proposed policies are less than 10% worse than the centralized optimal for the problem scenarios attempted. Note to Practitioners —UAVs are becoming increasingly popular for information collection tasks in defense and civilian applications alike. When the collection area is large, it is not unusual that a fleet of UAVs is deployed. Routing of a fleet can be performed in a centralized or decentralized manner. Decentralized routing might be the only possibility when centralized situational awareness is not possible due to bandwidth limitations and centralized optimal routes for each UAV in the fleet are too complex to compute. Autonomous solutions have several other advantages, let alone simplicity. For managers of UAV systems, our work provides the first theoretical characterization of how bad could decentralized routing be. Under various scenarios of information fusion, specifically weak and strong, and the attribution of information collected to each UAV of a team, we prove that the fleet will collect at least 50% of the best-centralized solution. Empirically, we show that, in fact, the performance of the fleet is much better and generally not worse than 10% of the best-centralized solution. Hopefully, our routing strategies provide valuable guidance to the practicing engineer or manager of a UAV fleet.
Evaluation of a potential medical diagnosis application of sonoluminescence

Sonoluminescence (SL) is a phenomenon in which light is produced via violent collapse of a gas-filled cavity under excitation by a varying pressure field. Although the precise mechanism of this light production is not yet agreed upon in the literature, various applications of this effect have been established and are continually being developed. One such example of an application of this phenomenon that has not been extensively studied is the production of SL in biological fluids as a method for medical diagnostics. Measurements performed by Chernov et al. [in Proceedings of 14th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics (1996), pp. 219–223] revealed varied intensities of SL emissions in blood plasma samples from groups of patients diagnosed with different diseases. We present an experimental apparatus for the production of single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) and subsequent measurement of radial oscillations using optical scattering techniques. This system will allow for characterization of the effects of both the biological fluid content and viscoelasticity on the spectra of SBSL light emissions. Additionally, these experimental results can be used to inform future computational models of this behavior. [This is a Plan II SAWIAGOS project.]
Heat Transfer Analysis and Design Problems

In the bulk of this text, emphasis has been on individual mechanisms of heat transfer. Where multiple mechanisms were encountered, they were typically in sequence, that is, a conduction problem with a convection boundary condition. It was always clear what mechanism of heat transfer applied. In real situations, it is not always obvious which mechanism will be predominant, and, indeed, more than one mechanism may be pertinent.
Development of 3D Fused Quartz Hemi-Toroidal Shells for High-Q Resonators and Gyroscopes

In this paper, recent developments in the design and fabrication of micromachined fused quartz hemi-toroidal shells are presented. The fabrication is based on micro glassblowing process, demonstrated to enable the realization of high-Q MEMS resonators and gyroscopes. The design optimization of the shell geometry is performed using parametric finite element analysis. The effect of geometric parameters on the scaling of the resonant frequencies and energy dissipation are discussed. Three variations of the micro-glassblowing process are studied in the paper, concluding that shell resonators with a broad operational frequency range without losing the symmetry and Q-factor are feasible. Finite element models are presented to simulate the presented glassblowing processes, which are used to predict the final geometry of shell resonators accurately. Operational frequency as low as 5 kHz and Q-factor as high as 1.7 million is demonstrated on the fabricated shell resonators. The proposed process modifications demonstrate a low-cost and scalable fabrication of 3D shells for resonators and gyroscopes, which can be used in inertial navigation and timing applications. [2019-0179]
The Effect of Gestational Weight Gain Across Reproductive History on Maternal Body Mass Index in Midlife: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Background: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is common and has been shown to be associated with increased long-term maternal weight. However, less is known on whether there is a cumulative ef...
Sensitivity analysis of muscle properties and impact parameters on head injury risk in american football

Head injuries frequently occur in American football and other contact sports. Uncertainty on the effects of cervical muscle properties on head injury risk may be due to the limitations of previous observational studies. This simulation study employs a musculoskeletal model of the head and neck to investigate the effect of several factors related to head injury metrics in American Football. These factors include isometric muscle strength, the eccentric multiplier (which is related to the athlete's ability to apply greater muscle force during eccentric contractions), posture, muscle activation patterns, and impact properties. Impact properties were based on the literature and tuned to reproduce peak linear and rotational accelerations of the skull. We hypothesized that active neck muscles significantly reduce head injury metrics. We systematically altered each model parameter to test our hypothesis. We then determined which model parameters affect head injury metrics the most. The results of this study indicate that active neck muscles have a statistically significant effect on head injury metrics. Increasing muscle strength and eccentric multiplier also resulted in a statistically significant reduction of head injury metrics. However, posture prior to impact had a much stronger effect than any other factor on head injury metrics. A comprehensive approach to athlete training protocols is recommended, including exercises aimed at increasing eccentric muscle strength and preparation for impacts. Future studies should investigate how targeted muscle strengthening and impact training (i.e. activation patterns and posture) modifies risk.
Recovery of Iron from High-Iron Bayer Red Mud by Smelting Reduction

The high-iron Bayer red mud, which contains 30–50% iron, is regarded as low-grade iron ore. With the global scarcity of iron supply worldwide, how to effectively utilize the iron in high-iron red mud has attracted more and more attention in recent decades. In this paper, the technology to recovery of iron from high-iron red mud was developed with smelting reduction followed by rapid cooling to separate the metal from slag. The effects of various experiment parameters such as temperature, basicity and reduction time on iron recovery from red mud was studied in detail. The results showed that the separation between metal and slag was complete. The content of iron in metal and iron recovery ratio were 94.06 and 80.16% with basicity of 0.9 smelting at 1600 °C for 30 min. The optimum experiment result were of great significance to achieve large-scale, high-value utilization of red mud.
Ovarian Cancer - Current Status of Blood Biomarker and Imaging Screening Strategies

Ovarian cancer is most lethal of all the gynecologic malignancies and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women overall, accounting for about 5% of female cancer deaths. To improve the outcomes, an efficient screening tool for early detection of the disease at an earlier, curable stage would be required. Since the vast majority of ovarian cancer cases are sporadic in nature with relatively low incidence, a screening test has to offer very high specificity to avoid unnecessary interventions in false-positive cases to be considered suitable for general population use. Another approach to screening would entail increasing the pretest likelihood by focusing on patients at increased risk only. Several larger scale, randomized controlled trials are working on establishing screening strategies for the general population with the most promising results so far shown by the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS), which revealed improvement in survival rates and reduction in mortality within screened patients. However, more data is required to establish the benefits, warranting further validation. Currently, research is ongoing on OC screening benefits and developing a suitable algorithm in order to have better patient outcomes. In this review article, we discuss current updates on OC screening strategies with special focus on novel development in biomarkers and sonography, as screening tools.
Mining User-generated Content of Mobile Patient Portal: Dimensions of User Experience

Patient portals are positioned as a central component of patient engagement through the potential to change the physician-patient relationship and enable chronic disease self-management. The incorporation of patient portals provides the promise to deliver excellent quality, at optimized costs, while improving the health of the population. This study extends the existing literature by extracting dimensions related to the Mobile Patient Portal Use. We use a topic modeling approach to systematically analyze users’ feedback from the actual use of a common mobile patient portal, Epic's MyChart. Comparing results of Latent Dirichlet Allocation analysis with those of human analysis validated the extracted topics. Practically, the results provide insights into adopting mobile patient portals, revealing opportunities for improvement and to enhance the design of current basic portals. Theoretically, the findings inform the social-technical systems and Task-Technology Fit theories in the healthcare field and emphasize important healthcare structural and social aspects. Further, findings inform the humanization of healthcare framework, support the results of existing studies, and introduce new important design dimensions (i.e., aspects) that influence patient satisfaction and adherence to patient portal.
Sexual Identity and Psychological Reactions to COVID-19

Although experts have speculated that sexual-minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer/questioning) individuals may experience more negative psychological impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic than sexual-majority (heterosexual) individuals, to date, no empirical studies have examined this assumption Guided by minority stress theory, we evaluated psychological reactions to the pandemic as a function of sexual identity A convenience sample of 170 U S men and women (33% sexual minority) were recruited from online sources to complete a survey assessing experiences with COVID-19 and validated measures of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms, peritraumatic reactions associated with the pandemic, and alcohol use in the past month Participants also completed a measure of adverse childhood events Recruitment occurred in late April and very early May, 2020, so that participants were reporting their psychological symptoms during the height of social distancing orders in the United States Although there was evidence of substantial mental health difficulties throughout the entire sample, sexual minorities and women reported more general psychological distress and more peritraumatic stress associated with the pandemic than sexual majorities and men, respectively There were no differences in alcohol use Sexual identity differences in general distress were partially accounted for by differential exposure to adverse childhood events, but the relationship between sexual identity and peritraumatic stress remained significant after controlling for adversity in childhood The results of this preliminary study point to the need for widespread and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer/questioning affirmative mental health services in the aftermath of COVID-19 © 2020 American Psychological Association
Prognostic value of nadir GH levels for long-term biochemical remission or recurrence in surgically treated acromegaly.

Outcome of acromegaly surgery is assessed by IGF-1 and glucose-suppressed GH, but whether the latter provides additional clinically relevant information when IGF-1 is normal is unclear. The role of GH suppression testing after surgery requires clarification. We studied 97 acromegaly patients with normal IGF-1 after surgery by measuring GH after oral glucose longitudinally, initially at ≥ 3 months after surgery and repeated one or more times ≥ 1 year later. Nadir GH was categorized as normal or abnormal relative to the 97.5th percentile of nadir GH in 100 healthy subjects, which were ≤ 0.14 µg/L (DSL IRMA) or ≤ 0.15 µg/L(IDS iSYS). Signs and symptoms scores and insulin resistance were followed longitudinally. Of 68 patients with initial normal GH suppression 63 (93%) remained in remission and of 29 with initial abnormal GH suppression, 9 (31%) recurred. Recurrence was more common in patients with abnormal suppression (P < 0.001). A total of 14 patients recurred, including 5 with normal GH suppression progressing to abnormal and then recurrence. Overall, serial signs and symptoms and insulin resistance assessments did not identify patients with abnormal suppression or recurrence. Risk of recurrence after surgery is increased for patients with a normal IGF-1 level, but abnormal GH suppression. We newly find, using both our and others’ cut-offs, that while normal suppression predicts long-term remission in most patients, some can progress from normal to abnormal suppression and then recurrence after many years of follow up. Nadir GH levels are of prognostic value in acromegaly patients with normal IGF-1 levels after surgery.
Cell division in deep material networks applied to multiscale strain localization modeling

Abstract Despite the increasing importance of strain localization modeling (e.g., failure analysis) in computer-aided engineering, there is a lack of effective approaches to capturing relevant material behaviors consistently across multiple length scales. We aim to address this gap within the framework of deep material networks (DMN) — a machine learning model with embedded mechanics in the building blocks . A new cell-division scheme is proposed to track the scale transition through the network, and its consistency is ensured by the physics of fitting parameters. Essentially, each microscale node in the bottom layer is described by an ellipsoidal cell with its dimensions back-propagated from the macroscale material point. New crack surfaces in the cell are modeled by enriching cohesive layers , and failure algorithms are developed for crack initiation and evolution in the implicit DMN analysis . Besides studies on a single material point, we apply the multiscale model to concurrent multiscale simulations for the dynamic crush of a particle-reinforced composite tube and various tests on carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites . For the latter, experimental validations on an off-axis tensile test specimen are also provided.
Insurance disparity in cardiovascular mortality among non-elderly cancer survivors

Insurance status plays a vital role in cancer diagnosis, treatments and survival. Cancer patients have higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality than the general population. The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program 2007–2016 was used to estimate the CVD mortality among cancer patients aged 18 to 64 years at the time of diagnosis of an initial malignancy with the eight most prevalent cancers. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for each insurance (Non-Medicaid vs Medicaid vs Uninsured) using coded cause of death from CVD with adjustment of age, race, and gender. The Fine-Grey Model was used to estimate adjusted Hazard Ratios (HR) of each insurance in CVD mortality. A total of 768,055 patients were included in the final analysis. CVD death in patients with Medicaid insurance remained higher than in those with Non-Medicaid insurance (HR = 1.71; 95%CI, 1.61–1.81; p < 0.001). Older age, male gender, and black race were all associated with increased CVD mortality in the multivariable model. Compared to the general population, patients with Medicaid had the highest SMRs of CVD mortality, regardless of year of cancer diagnosis, follow-up time, cancer site, and race. Non-Medicaid insured patients had similar CVD mortality to the general population after 2 years out from their cancer diagnosis. Cancer patients with Non-Medicaid insurance have significantly lower CVD mortality than those with no insurance or Medicaid. The insurance disparity remained significant regardless of type of CVD, cancer site, year of diagnosis and follow-up time.
Ways that nurse practitioner students self-explain during diagnostic reasoning.

Objectives An important step in mitigating the burden of diagnostic errors is strengthening diagnostic reasoning among health care providers. A promising way forward is through self-explanation, the purposeful technique of generating self-directed explanations to process novel information while problem-solving. Self-explanation actively improves knowledge structures within learners' memories, facilitating problem-solving accuracy and acquisition of knowledge. When students self-explain, they make sense of information in a variety of unique ways, ranging from simple restatements to multidimensional thoughts. Successful problem-solvers frequently use specific, high-quality self-explanation types. The unique types of self-explanation present among nurse practitioner (NP) student diagnosticians have yet to be explored. This study explores the question: How do NP students self-explain during diagnostic reasoning? Methods Thirty-seven Family NP students enrolled in the Doctor of Nursing Practice program at a large, Midwestern U.S. university diagnosed three written case studies while self-explaining. Dual methodology content analyses facilitated both deductive and qualitative descriptive analysis. Results Categories emerged describing the unique ways that NP student diagnosticians self-explain. Nine categories of inference self-explanations included clinical and biological foci. Eight categories of non-inference self-explanations monitored students' understanding of clinical data and reflect shallow information processing. Conclusions Findings extend the understanding of self-explanation use during diagnostic reasoning by affording a glimpse into fine-grained knowledge structures of NP students. NP students apply both clinical and biological knowledge, actively improving immature knowledge structures. Future research should examine relationships between categories of self-explanation and markers of diagnostic success, a step in developing prompted self-explanation learning interventions.
Clinical Reasoning: A 42-Year-Old Woman With Mysterious Monocytic Meningitis

A 42-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches and no other significant past medical history presented with daily headaches, cervicalgia, and nausea over a period of 3 weeks. These headaches were similar in severity to those that she had previously experienced. Presumptive migraine treatment was administered and she was released home. Three days later, her symptoms worsened and she developed double vision, unsteady gait, and right-sided hearing loss. She reported no fever or weight loss. Residing in the upper Midwest, her leisure activities included hunting pheasant, deer, and duck, and she regularly cooked and ate wild game. She had traveled periodically to a southwestern state in the months prior to presentation. In the year preceding the current illness, she had experienced multiple tick bites and reported that she had Lyme disease as a teenager.
The Nuclear Reactor

The question “can nuclear energy be made available by use of the fission process” is investigated. An analysis of the problem is made in which a mixture of uranium and water or paraffin is considered. The necessary conditions for a chain reaction to take a place are obtained in terms of U, the number of atoms or uranium per atom and C 5 the isotopic U 235 in the uranium is calculated for several values of v, where v is the number of neutrons released per fissure. Optimum ranges in which to work are determined together with minimum amounts or uranium and minimum total bulk of material necessary. The chief conclusion to be drawn from these calculations is that [with] a sufficient quantity of uranium mixed homogeneously with water, a continuing reaction may be possible with only slight increase in the normal concentration of the U 235 isotope; i.e. nuclear energy may quite possibly be available.
A Novel AI-based Methodology for Identifying Cyber Attacks in Honey Pots.

We present a novel AI-based methodology that identifies phases of a host-level cyber attack simply from system call logs. System calls emanating from cyber attacks on hosts such as honey pots are often recorded in audit logs. Our methodology first involves efficiently loading, caching, processing, and querying system events contained in audit logs in support of computer forensics. Output of queries remains at the system call level and is difficult to process. The next step is to infer a sequence of abstracted actions, which we colloquially call a storyline, from the system calls given as observations to a latent-state probabilistic model. These storylines are then accurately identified with class labels using a learned classifier. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate methods and models for each step of the methodology using 114 different attack phases collected by logging the attacks of a red team on a server, on some likely benign sequences containing regular user activities, and on traces from a recent DARPA project. The resulting end-to-end system, which we call Cyberian, identifies the attack phases with a high level of accuracy illustrating the benefit that this machine learning-based methodology brings to security forensics.
Inter-group contact and out-group altruism after violence

Abstract Altruism among humans is common. It is especially prominent among in-group members. However, we are struck by results from laboratory-in-the-field experiments with out-group members of different ethnic or religious backgrounds. In all instances, the groups were rivals in civil wars. While we find almost no altruistic behavior among groups that were engaged in fighting, out-group altruism emerges with the passage of time. To address the underlying mechanism that might explain this puzzling result, we use a laboratory experiment that sorts between a norms revision explanation and a contact hypothesis explanation. Our findings show that contact with out-group members, in a mutually beneficial task, results in a reversion to prior levels of out-group altruism following conflict. Our findings reinforce the idea that deeply held attitudes toward a stigmatized out-group change following productive interactions with those out-group members. It is clear that hostility between groups need not persist over time.
Development of a Three-Dimensionally Printed Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Phantom.

Introduction Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous catheter (US-PIVC) placement is an effective technique to establish PIV access when the traditional approach fails. Many training programs utilize commercial or homemade phantoms for procedural training. However, commercial products tend to be expensive and lack realism, while homemade blocks tend to be single-use and degrade easily. Thanks to the increasing availability of three-dimensional (3D) printers in academic settings, we sought to design and develop a reusable 3D-printed US-PIVC phantom and to evaluate its utility in terms of time needed to achieve IV placement and perceived realism compared to a commercial model among a group of emergency medicine (EM) physicians. Methods The upper extremity vascular phantom was constructed using 3D printing and casting techniques. A convenience sampling of EM physicians was timed by placing a US-PIVC in the 3D-printed and commercial models. Participants were also surveyed to assess their impression of the realism of the models. The primary outcome was the time required for US-PIVC placement in the 3D-printed model compared to the commercial model. Secondary outcomes were the assessment of differences in perceived realism and total cost between the two models. Results Twenty-one EM physicians completed the study. There were no significant differences in the mean time (seconds) for US-PIVC placement in the 3D-printed model (31, SD: 21) compared to the commercial model (30, SD: 18), p=0.77. Mean realism score trended higher for the 3D-printed model (3.6, SD: 0.9) compared to the commercial model (3.1, SD: 1.0), p=0.10. The total cost for the 3D-printed model was $120, with the interchangeable replacement part costing $21, which was much cheaper compared to the commercial phantom, which cost $549. Conclusion We developed a 3D-printed reusable US-PIVC phantom, and it proved to be more economical without sacrificing the realism and time required for US-PIVC placement when compared to a commercial phantom.
Electrochemistry of Thin Films with In Situ/Operando Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering: Bypassing Electrolyte Scattering for High Fidelity Time Resolved Studies

Electroactive polymer thin films undergo repeated reversible structural change during operation in electrochemical applications. While synchrotron X-ray scattering is powerful for the characterization of stand-alone and ex situ organic thin films, in situ/operando structural characterization has been underutilized-in large part due to complications arising from supporting electrolyte scattering. This has greatly hampered the development of application relevant structure property relationships. Therefore, a new methodology for in situ/operando X-ray characterization that separates the incident and scattered X-ray beam path from the electrolyte is developed. As a proof of concept, the operando structural characterization of weakly-scattering, organic mixed conducting thin films in an aqueous electrolyte environment is demonstrated, accessing previously unexplored changes in the π-π peak and diffuse scatter, while capturing the solvent swollen thin film structure which is inaccessible in previous ex situ studies. These in situ/operando measurements improve the sensitivity to structural changes, capturing minute changes not possible ex situ, and have multimodal potential such as combined Raman measurements that also serve to validate the true in situ/operando conditions of the cell. Finally, new directions enabled by this in situ/operando cell design are examined and state of the art measurements are compared.
Combinatorial Search and Heuristic Methods

We can solve many problems to optimality using exhaustive search techniques, although the time complexity can be enormous. For certain applications, it may pay to spend extra time to be certain of the optimal solution. A good example occurs in testing a circuit or a program on all possible inputs. You can prove the correctness of the device by trying all possible inputs and verifying that they give the correct answer. Verifying correctness is a property to be proud of.However, claiming that it works correctly on all the inputs you tried is worth much less.
Women and the Comic Plot in Menander

1. Those obscure objects of desire 2. Misperception of sStatus 3. Misperception of character 4. Informing the audience 5. The women of the Epitrepontes 6. Why women?
System performance analysis of a channel partition handoff scheme for multimedia wireless and mobile networks using smart antennas

Smart antenna is suggested to be used in future generation wireless and mobile networks to provide service with high capacity and quality. In this paper, we propose an analytical model for a novel multimedia wireless and mobile networks using smart antennas. The smart antenna in the proposed system provides space division multiple access (SDMA) scheme in which channels can be reused in one cell and system capacity is improved dramatically. In this paper, two kinds of multimedia services, real-time voice service and non-real-time data service, are taken into consideration. In the proposed system model, channels are divided into four parts which will serve different types of requests and calls. In this way, service quality is guaranteed for real-time voice service at the cost of the tolerable quality decrease for non-real-time data service. The system is analyzed by a four-dimensional Markov chain. Blocking probabilities of originating calls and handoff requests are obtained from our formulas. As we expect, system capacity and performance are highly improved by employing smart antennas.
Scheduling Strategies Adopted in Spring: An Overview

In managing the tasks and resources in a real-time system, there are three phases to consider: allocation - the assignment of the tasks and resources to the appropriate nodes or processors in the system scheduling - ordering the execution of tasks such that their timing constraints are met and the consistency of resources is maintained, and dispatching - executing the tasks in conformance with the scheduler’s decisions.
The Interactional Nature of the Closet, Coming OUT, and Same‐Sex Desire

In Narrating the Closet, Tony E. Adams draws upon a lifetime of experience and research into non-heterosexual identities to craft a comprehensive autoethnographic analysis of the interactional and ideological foundations of the metaphorical ‘‘closet.’’ Specifically, Adams employs his own experiences with lovers, friends, religious officials, students, colleagues, and family members as data from which to enunciate the complex dynamics surrounding claiming a non-heterosexual identity in contemporary American society. Further, his analysis builds on countless informal discussions with people he came across during his daily activities, nine open-ended interactive interviews with lesbian women and gay men, four life history interviews with gay men, life writings composed by others that have dealt with these issues, and media representations of the closet and coming out from television, film, and audio productions. Although Adams is quick to point out that his work should not be used to generalize to the experiences of sexual minorities on a large scale, the collection of data presented alongside his own story presents a tapestry—albeit a partial—of possible issues that any non-heterosexual could face in the course of their daily lives. As Adams (2011, p. 36) explains, he assembled these resources in order to ‘‘document my journey through, and processes of, the closet and coming out with the purpose of making experiences of same-sex attraction more humane, tolerable, and meaningful for others.’’ Stated another way, Adams attempts to demonstrate that we—as social beings sharing a world—are ALL implicated in the issues faced by non-heterosexuals. As such, it is our job as social citizens to take ownership and responsibility for creating safe spaces wherein ALL people may express who, how, and what they love without fear of reprisal. Discussing conversational interactions regarding intimate behavior, for example, Adams argues that the culture of silence
Beamforming initialization and data prewhitening in natural gradient convolutive blind source separation of speech mixtures

Successful speech enhancement by convolutive blind source separation (BSS) techniques requires careful design of all aspects of the chosen separation method. The conventional strategy for system initialization in both time- and frequency-domain BSS involves a diagonal center-spike FIR filter matrix and no data preprocessing; however, this strategy may not be the best for any chosen separation algorithm. In this paper, we experimentally evaluate two different approaches for potentially-improving the performance of time-domain and frequency-domain natural gradient speech separation algorithms - prewhitening of the signal mixtures, and delay-and-sum beamforming initialization for the separation system - to determine which of the two classes of algorithms benefit most from them. Our results indicate that frequency-domain-based natural gradient BSS methods generally need geometric information about the system to obtain any reasonable separation quality. For time-domain natural gradient separation algorithms, either beamforming initialization or prewhitening improves separation performance, particularly for larger-scale problems involving three or more sources and sensors.
Dispersed-Flow Film Boiling Heat Transfer Data near Spacer Grids in a Rod Bundle

A series of steady-state film boiling experiments have been conducted to show the effect of spacer grids on rod bundle heat transfer. Experiments were performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory...
Energy and mass distributions of impact ejecta blankets on the moon and Mercury

The distribution of the mass and energy of the ejecta from the impact of gabbroic anorthosite objects at 7 .5, 15, and 30 km/sec. on a half-space of similar material is described for planetary objects having the mass and radius of the moon and Mercury. For impact flows for which the peak stresses have decayed to a few kilobars, both the resulting mass and total energy distribution per unit area, S, decrease with radius, R, more slowly than the - 3 power of the radius, and the formula of the form: /n_(10)S = A + B /n_(10)R + C(/n^(10)R)^2 always displays a negative sign for the constant, C. The value of C is more negative for ejecta distributions on Mercury versus the moon. A newly recognized feature of the ejecta cloud is the near constancy with range of the ratio of internal energy to kinetic energy of ~1.1 to ~3 for material launched within a few shock transit times of the meteorite, whereas at times corresponding to many shock transit times in the meteorite this ratio exceeds ~10 when R ≥ l0^4 cm. Calculated "stratigraphic" sections indicate characteristics such that such units might be recognized in Apollo drill core on the basis of shock metamorphic zoning. The initial fast ejecta which arrives at great distances from the impact zone is lightly shocked, and largely represents target material which was near or at the free surface. Where resolved, this layer is overlain by a 5 to 10 times thicker, more heavily shocked ejecta layer. The latter is again overlain by a layer of lightly shocked material. The latter thickens rapidly toward the crater.