cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and cold test of photonic band gap resonators and accelerator structures

We present the detailed description of the successful design and cold test of photonic band gap (PBG) resonators and traveling-wave accelerator structures. Those tests provided the essential basis for later hot test demonstration of the first PBG accelerator structure at 17.140 GHz [E. I. Smirnova, A. S. Kesar, I. Mastovsky, M. A. Shapiro, and R. J. Temkin, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 074801 (2005).]. The advantage of PBG resonators is that they were built to support only the main, ${\mathrm{TM}}_{01}$-like, accelerator mode while not confining the higher-order modes (HOM) or wakefields. The design of the PBG resonators was based on a triangular lattice of rods, with a missing rod at the center. Following theoretical analysis, the rod radius divided by the rod spacing was held to a value of about 0.15 to avoid supporting HOM. For a single-cell test the PBG structure was fabricated in X-band (11 GHz) and brazed. The mode spectrum and $Q$ factor ($Q=5\text{ }000$) agreed well with theory. Excellent HOM suppression was evident from the cold test. A six-cell copper PBG accelerator traveling-wave structure with reduced long-range wakefields was designed and was built by electroforming at Ku-band (17.140 GHz). The structure was tuned by etching the rods. Cold test of the structure yielded excellent agreement with the theoretical design. Successful results of the hot test of the structure demonstrating the acceleration of the electron beam were published in E. I. Smirnova, A. S. Kesar, I. Mastovsky, M. A. Shapiro, and R. J. Temkin, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, 074801 (2005).
Imagination Inflation: Imagining a Childhood Event Inflates Confidence That It Occurred

Counterfactual imaginings are known to have far-reaching implications. In the present experiment, we ask if imagining events from one’s past can affect memory for childhood events. We draw on the social psychology literature showing that imagining a future event increases the subjective likelihood that the event will occur. The concepts of cognitive availability and the source-monitoring framework provide reasons to expect that imagination may inflate confidence that a childhood event occurred. However, people routinely produce myriad counterfactual imaginings (i.e., daydreams and fantasies) but usually do not confuse them with past experiences. To determine the effects of imagining a childhood event, we pretested subjects on how confident they were that a number of childhood events had happened, asked them to imagine some of those events, and then gathered new confidence measures. For each of the target items, imagination inflated confidence that the event had occurred in childhood. We discuss implications for situations in which imagination is used as an aid in searching for presumably lost memories.
Neurologic Complications of Cancer Therapy

Neurologic complications of chemotherapy are relatively common. The diagnosis of chemotherapy-associated neurotoxicity remains a clinical one, and is largely based on the exclusion of other possible causes. The goal of this review is to describe the neurotoxicity associated with established chemothrerapeutic agents and with some of the newer biologic agents, monoclonal antibodies and targeted molecular therapies used in the treatment of cancer.
General discussion on displacement law on radiation

The Wien's displacement law is generalized to the situations for a certain wavelength interval and non-blackbody radiator. The theory results in a closed form equation. The emissivity distribution can have great influences on the displacement law. The estimated temperature for given wavelengths may largely differ from those based on the Wien's displacement law and extended displacement law for blackbody radiation
Properties of 1s shell nuclei with momentum dependent interactions

Abstract The Bolsterli-Feenberg perturbation procedure is applied to the momentum-dependent potentials of Nestor et al. Binding energies, rms radii, and percentage D-states are calculated for 2H, 3H and 4He, in addition to the Coulomb energies of 3He and 4He. A modified version of the separation method for solving the Bethe-Goldstone equation is also employed. This separation method is found to badly overestimate the binding energy, due to the explicit momentum dependence of the potentials. Second-order perturbation theory proves to yield results which are both quite accurate mathematically and in good agreement with experiment.
Iron poisoning: Report of three cases and a review of therapeutic intervention

Although the acute ingestion of iron-containing preparations can produce very serious consequences, the majority of reported exposures are not associated with significant morbidity or mortality. We present 3 cases of acute iron ingestion and review the aspects of general management, with an emphasis on the appropriate choice of a gastrointestinal decontamination procedure.
Steroidogenic properties of extracts of beef diencephalon.

Saline extracts of beef diencephalon were assayed in the decerebrate dog for steroidogenic activity. Acid saline extracts of whole diencephalon stimulated aldosterone and cortisol secretion. Neutral saline extracts prepared at room temperature were weakly active. However, neutral saline extracts of whole diencephalon prepared at 3° significantly stimulated aldosterone secretion without affecting the secretion of cortisol. Assay of extracts of parts of diencephalon demonstrated that the pineal complex contains the factor which stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.
Free products of compact quantum groups

We construct and study compact quantum groups from free products ofC *-algebras. In this connection, we discover two mysterious classes of natural compact quantum groups,A u (m) andA o (m). TheA u (m)'s (respectivelyA o (m)'s) are non-isomorphic to each other for differentm's, and are not obtainable by the ordinary quantization method. We also clarify some basic concepts in the theory of compact quantum groups.
Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 Proteasomal Degradation Mediated by a Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-induced Negative Feedback Down-regulates Protein Kinase B-mediated Signaling Pathway in β-Cells

Regulation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 expression is critical to beta-cell survival, but the mechanisms that control this are complex and undefined. Here in pancreatic beta-cells (INS-1), chronic exposure (>8 h) to 15 mm glucose and/or 5 nm IGF-1, increased Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-2, which correlated with decreased IRS-2 levels. This glucose/IGF-1-induced decrease in IRS-2 levels was prevented by the proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin. In addition, the glucose/IGF-1-induced increase in Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-2 and the subsequent decrease in INS-1 cell IRS-2 protein levels was thwarted by the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin. Moreover, adenoviral-mediated expression of constitutively active mTOR (mTORDelta) further increased glucose/IGF-1-induced Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-2 and decreased IRS-2 protein levels, whereas adenoviral-mediated expression of "kinase-dead" mTOR (mTOR-KD) conversely reduced Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-2 and maintained IRS-2 protein levels. In adenoviral-infected beta-cells expressing mTORDelta, the decrease in IRS-2 protein levels was also prevented by rapamycin or lactacystin, further indicating a proteasomal mediated degradation of IRS-2 mediated via mTOR-induced Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-2. Finally, we found that chronic activation of mTOR leading to decreased levels of IRS-2 in INS-1 cells led to a significant decrease in PKB activation and consequently increased beta-cell apoptosis. Thus, chronic activation of mTOR by glucose (and/or IGF-1) in beta-cells leads to increased Ser/Thr phosphorylation of IRS-2 that targets it for proteasomal degradation, resulting in decreased IRS-2 expression and increased beta-cell apoptosis. This may be a contributing mechanism as to how beta-cell mass is decreased by chronic hyperglycemia in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes.
Manganese(II) complex of the ‘tripod’ ligand tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine. Five-coordinate and six-coordinate Mn(II) in the crystal structure

Abstract From the reaction of manganese dichloride with tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (L) in ethanol, golden yellow crystals of compound 1 were obtained upon slow evaporation of the solvent. The structural assignments of 1 that were made in part by elemental analysis and FAB mass spectroscopy were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The crystal structure reveals that compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with two independent molecules in a cell of dimensions a = 13.805(4), b = 14.185(4), c = 18.176(5) A , α = 81.23(2), β = 70.32(2), γ = 61.45(2)° . The structure has been refined to an R factor of 0.060 based on 4822 observed reflections. Two independent manganese containing molecules were found in the unit cell. Molecule 1a is cis-dichloro(tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine)manganese(II), with a distorted octahedral geometry. The ClMnCl bond angle in the molecule is 96.8(1)° showing a severe steric constraint imposed by the ligand which may lead to the elongation of the fifth and the sixth axial bond lengths, (Mn(1)Cl(1) and Mn(1)N(1) bond lengths of 2.538(2) and 2.515(7) A, respectively). The other molecule in the unit cell is a chloro(tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)-amine)manganese(II) cation (1b), in which the geometry around the manganese atom could best be described as a distorted trigonal bipyramid. The trigonal plane is occupied by the ligating nitrogen atoms from the benzimidazolyl functions with bond lengths of 2.135(8), 2.145(6) and 2.147(4) A. The axial positions are occupied by the ligating sp3 nitrogen and chlorine atoms with bond lengths of 2.514(6) and 2.316(2) A, respectively. This Mn(II) complex shows a remarkable resistance toward oxidation to higher metal oxidation states even with 30% hydrogen peroxide.
t(8;21)(q22;q22) Translocation involving AML1 and ETO in B lymophoblastic leukemia

t(8;21)(q22;q22) giving rise to RUNX1/RUNX1T1 fusion transcript is a recurrent non-random chromosomal translocation, accounting for approximately 5% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia and 10% of acute myeloid leukemia with maturation. Studies have demonstrated so far that t(8;21)(q22;q22) occurs only in acute myeloid leukemia, and B lymphoblastic leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22) has not been reported in the literature. In the present study, we report a 44-year-old woman with a diagnosis of a B lymphoblastic leukemia based on morphology and immunophenotype. Conventional cytogenetic studies have shown a complex cytogenetic abnormality, notably and surprisingly, a t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation. Interphase and metaphase fluorescent in situ hybridization have revealed a RUNX1/RUNX1T1 fusion signal on derivative chromosome 8 but not on chromosome 21, confirming the unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 8q22 and 21q22 involving both the RUNX1 and RUNX1T1 genes. The significance of this novel finding and its clinical applications has been further discussed.
Measurement of ac losses in superconductors due to ac transport currents in applied ac magnetic fields

A new technique for the measurement of ac losses in superconductors due to applied magnetic fields and transport currents is reported. This technique is derived from consideration of the source of the energy losses, rather than by the imposition of any model for magnetic field distribution within the superconductor and allows us to present new data on the losses in BSCCO-2223 multi-filamentary conductor due to ac fields and dc currents, or due to ac fields and ac currents. Based on these measurements we provide guidelines for estimating the losses in BSCCO-2223 conductors.
Kyanite-Andalusite Equilibrium from 700° to 800°C

The metastable kyaniteandalusite equilibrium in the Al2SiO5 system has been reversed at 700°, 750°, and 800° C at elevated water pressures, with a variety of natural and synthetic kyanites and andalusites as starting materials. Sillimanite, the stable form of Al2SiO5 under these conditions, did not appear. The value of the transition pressure at 750°C is 6.6 ± 0.4 kilobars, several kilobars below pressures given by several convergent previous determinations. The Al2SiO5 pressure-temperature triple point now indicated lies far from the points found by others. The revised aluminum silicate phase diagram indicates that many rocks crystallized at lower pressures than formerly thought possible.
DEALING WITH RESISTANCE TO THOUGHT-STOPPING: A TRANSCRIPT

A 35-year-old woman who had from childhood suffered from neurotic anxieties of an interpersonal kind had for 10 years, in association with a stressful marital situation, been plagued with insistent and fruitless negative thoughts about herself. Despite some initial success with thought-stopping 2 weeks earlier she was very disinclined to continue it. The transcript deals mainly with her objections to the technique and the efforts that were made to overcome them.
Further basic and experimental developments on heterophase polymer materials

Basic considerations are presented for the formation of three-dimensional or “polymer” units from the conglomeration of freely moving reactive molecules. The resulting “heterophase” conditions are shown between these swelling units and the not-polymerized fluid matter. Systematic variations of the ratio of the phases and changes in material are discussed.
Deans' electronic mail project

Last fall at The Ohio State University, it was decided to train the president, provosts, deans, and directors of 26 college offices, and four remote campuses to use CMS Mail. This project was planned and designed Fall quarter, 1986, and put into operation in January, 1987. With the cooperation of several divisions of the Instruction and Research Computer Center (the academic computing center), and Telephone Services, and the deans' staff themselves, the entire process was successfully completed in just three months.This paper will discuss: Consulting with the various offices to discover what hardware was available to define what equipment and software were needed for electronic mail.Acquiring the needed hardware and software.Designing and planning the training program.Assembling and writing the training materials.Implementing the plan.Solving problems encountered along the way.Following up with all who were training.We estimate approximately 70-80% of the deans are actually using the electronic mail system regularly themselves. Most are very enthusiastic and already exploring what they can do next. Many of them had never used a personal computer. Personally, this project was one of the most challenging and satisfying programs with which I have been associated at Ohio State.
Detecting logic errors in discrete-event simulation: reverse engineering through event graphs

Abstract Several inherent constraints remain in the model development process, even though modern enhancements to simulation environments have provided tools for code generation, debugging, and tracing. To develop a simulation model, the simulation analyst still needs to have expertise in a number of different fields, e.g., probability, statistics, design of experiments, modeling, systems engineering, software engineering, and computer programming. Although several simulation packages implement syntactic-checks and semantic-consistency-checks, typically, the simulation analyst needs to possess output-analysis-knowledge specifically aimed at verifying and checking the simulation code. Reverse engineering a graphical model, e.g., an event graph, from general purpose simulation code demonstrates an enhancement to the model development process. A reverse engineering step allows an analyst to check, both, the static and dynamic properties of the coded simulation model. Even though the reverse engineering produces an event-oriented view, the enhanced model development process provides a systematic approach for conversion from other world views. Overall, this enhanced process provides a framework which yields better analysis techniques. Better diagnostic assistance is achieved when viewing a combination of static and dynamic properties of the simulation code. Now, the analyst is able to find logical/execution errors, e.g., errors related to resource deadlocks, before running simulation experiments. Since the graphical model is generated from the simulation code, and the process combines views, the analyst also has a better framework for verifying the coded simulation model. Also, the reverse engineering step provides a structural model useful in converting between different simulation languages or systems. Improvements to the techniques for conversion between languages will facilitate reuse of existing programmed models.
Non-opiate analgesia induced by carbachol microinjection into the pontine parabrachial region of the cat.

Abstract These studies investigated the effect of microinjection of the cholinergic agonist carbamylcholine (carbachol) into various sites of the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum of the cat. Carbachol microinjection into an area surrounding the lateral half of the brachium conjunctivium (parabrachial region, PBR) produced profound suppression of nociceptive responses. In the dorsal part of PBR, carbachol microinjection produced no generalized sensory, emotional or motor deficits, indicating that nociceptive transmission was primarily affected. Carbachol microinjection into the ventral part of PBR resulted inslight suppression of motor responses in addition to profound nociceptive suppression. Carbachol-produced analgesia (CPA) observed within PBR blocked supraspinally as well as spinally integrated responses normally elicited by either phasic or tonic noxious stimuli. Atropine sulfate, but not mecamylamine hydrochloride, significantly antagonized CPA, indicating that muscarinic receptors mediate this phenomenon. The opiate antagonist naloxone, systemically administered either prior to or after carbachol microinjection, did not reliably attenuate CPA. Microinjection of morphine into the sites from which CPA had previously been obtained did not produce significant effects on nociceptive responses. Thus, opiate mechanisms appear not to be necessary either for the activation of this system or for the production of the resultant analgesia. These findings indicate that the neural population examined in the present study is anatomically and pharmacologically distinct from previously identified opiate-mediated pain inhibitory systems. Results are discussed in light of other recent evidence indicating the existence of endogenous non-opiate pain inhibitory systems.
Adaptive sensor selection for multitarget detection in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

Resource management for multitarget detection in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (HSN) is an open research area. By considering communication capabilities, energy differences and mobility dissimilarities jointly, we propose a fuzzy logic system (FLS) and apply fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering to adaptively select sensors that report surrounding targets information for further data fusion. Monte Carlo simulations reveal the optimized cluster numbers, averagely selected nodes and the performance of multitarget detection. The proposed resource management approach not only extends the overall system lifetime, but also offers an appropriate tradeoff between resource consumption and detection performance.
Fibronectin matrix deposition and fibronectin receptor expression in healing and normal skin

During cutaneous tissue organization, numerous critical interactions occur between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cell-matrix interactions depend on the presence of ECM receptors. Many ECM receptors, known as integrins, are heterodimeric glycoproteins consisting of one α and one β chain. Integrins containing β1 or β3 chains are ECM receptors, whereas those containing β2 chains are leukocyte cell-cell receptors. We have used porcine cutaneous wounds as a paradigm for tissue organization and probed healing wounds and adjacent normal skin with polyclonal antibodies to fibronectin and fibronectin (α5β1) receptor. During re-epithelialization, the epidermis transits over a provisional matrix containing fibronectin. Migrating epidermal cells expressed fibronectin receptors in a bright linear peripheral pattern. At 10 days, when re-epithelialization was complete and the basement membrane was re-established, the fibronectin matrix was markedly reduced and fibronectin-receptor expression was limited to the basolateral aspect of basal cells, as observed in normal epidermis. Beneath the migrating epidermis in 5-d wounds, granulation tissue had filled 80% of the wound space. Day-5 wound fibroblasts did not express fibronectin nor other β1 integrin receptors, were randomly oriented, and contained no actin bundles. Fibronectin fibrils were assembled on the surfaces of day-5 wound fibroblasts but formed few linkages between cells. Day-7 wound fibroblasts expressed fibronectin receptors, contained peripheral cytoplasmic actin bundles consistent with a contractile fibroblast phenotype, and were coaligned across the wound in parallel array with interconnecting fibronectin fibrils. The wounds contracted between 7 and 10 days. Thus the migrating epidermis consistently expressed fibronectin receptors. Fibronectin receptors were expressed by fibroblasts just prior to wound contraction.
Use of the Beaufort Sea by King Eiders Breeding on the North Slope of Alaska

Abstract We estimated areas used by king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, how distributions of used areas varied, and characteristics that explained variation in the number of days spent at sea, to provide regulatory agencies with baseline data needed to minimize impacts of potential offshore oil development. We implanted sixty king eiders with satellite transmitters at nesting areas on the North Slope of Alaska, USA, in 2002–2004. More than 80% of marked eiders spent >2 weeks staging offshore prior to beginning a postbreeding molt migration. During postbreeding staging and migration, male king eiders had much broader distributions in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea than female eiders, which were concentrated in Harrison and Smith Bays. Distribution did not vary by sex during spring migration in the year after marking. Shorter residence times of eiders and deeper water at locations used during spring migration suggest the Alaskan Beaufort Sea might not be as critical a staging area for...
Recent talks at Stanford University on AIM

By analyzing a verbatim protocol of an expert's explanation we can derive constraints on the conceptual framework used by human experts for causal reasoning in medicine. We use these constraints, along with textbook descriptions of physiological mechanisms and the computational requirements of successful performance, to propose a model of qualitative causal reasoning. One important design decision in the model is the selection of the "envisionment" version of causal reasoning rather than a version based on "causal links." The envisionment process performs a qualitative simulation, starting with a description of the structure of a mechanism and predicting its behavior. The qualitative causal reasoning algorithm is a step toward second-generation medical diagnosis programs that understand how the mechanisms of the body work. The protocol analysis method is a knowledge acquisition technique for determining the conceptual framework of new types of knowledge in an expert system, prior to acquiring large amounts of domain-specific knowledge. The qualitative causal reasoning algorithm has been implemented and tested on medical and non-medical examples. It will be the core of RENAL, a new expert system for diagnosis in nephrology, that we are now developing.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF CAPITATE GLANDULAR HAIRS OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. (CANNABACEAE)

The capitate-sessile and capitate-stalked glands of the glandular secretory system in Cannabis, which are interpreted as lipophilic type glandular hairs, were studied from floral bracts of pistillate plants. These glands develop a flattened multicellular disc of secretory cells, which with the extruded secretory product forms the gland head and the auxiliary cells which support the gland head. The secretory product accumulates beneath a sheath derived from separation of the outer wall surface of the cellular disc. The ultrastructure of secretory cells in pre-secretory stages is characterized by a dense ground plasm, transitory lipid bodies and fibrillar material, and well developed endoplasmic reticulum. Dictyosomes and dictyosome-derived secretory vesicles are present, but never abundant. Secretory stages of gland development are characterized by abundant mitochondria and leucoplasts and by a large vacuolar system. Production of the secretory product is associated with plastids which increase in number and structural complexity. The plastids develop a paracrystalline body which nearly fills the mature plastid. Material interpreted as a secretion appears at the surface of plastids, migrates, and accumulates along the cell surface adjoining the secretory cavity. Extrusion of the material into the secretory cavity occurs directly through the plasma membrane-cell wall barrier.
Efficacy of the Marquette Method of natural family planning.

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of the Marquette Method (MM) of natural family planning (NFP) as a method of avoiding pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a 12-month retrospective evaluation of the MM system of NFP. Two hundred and four women (mean age 28.6 years) and their male partners (mean age 30.3 years) who sought to learn a method for avoiding pregnancy with the MM from four clinical sites were taught to track their fertility by self-observation of cervical mucus by use of an electronic monitor that measures urinary levels of estrone-3-glucuronide and luteinizing hormone and by use of basal body temperature. All unintended pregnancies were evaluated by professional nurses as to whether they were intended or not. Pregnancy rates over 12 months of use were determined by survival analysis. RESULTS: There were a total of 12 unintended pregnancies only 1 with correct use. The 12-month "correct use" pregnancy rate was 0.6 (i.e. 99.4% effective) and the "typical use" (total pregnancy rate) was 10.6 (i.e. 89.4% effective) per 100 users. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: When used correctly the MM system of NFP is an effective means of avoiding pregnancy. The efficacy of the MM system includes proper preparation of the professional nurse NFP teachers.
PROTECTION TO MICE AFFORDED BY BCG VACCINES AGAINST AN AEROGENIC CHALLENGE BY THREE MYCOBACTERIA OF DECREASING VIRULENCE

Abstract Specific pathogen-free mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with 107 CFU of BCG Pasteur or BCG Glaxo and 30 or 90 days later, the mice were challenged aerogenically with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Erdman or South Indian strains) or with M. avium. Both vaccines induced substantial levels of resistance to tuberculosis and tuberculin hypersensitivity. There was no detectable difference in the host response to the three aerogenic challenges which could be related in any way to the immunogenicity of the BCG strain or to the mouse virulence of the challenge organism. These results do not support the hypothesis that the protective activity of BCG vaccines varies, depending upon the virulence of the infecting organism. Resume
Determination of optimum rate constants for autocatalytic reaction of tar sand recovery process

ABSTRACT In this paper a parameter optimization technique is introduced involving a minimization algorithm. The technique is applicable to a wide range of problems involving data analysis. In particular, it is applied to the first-order initial-value problem describing the autocatalytic reaction of tar sand recovery process, as a result of which, the optimal reaction rate constants for a given set of experimental data are obtained. The analytical solution to the governing differential equation corresponding to these optimal parameter values is then shown to fit the experimental data. Numerical results are presented in graphical form for three different sets of data, and discussion and conclusions are provided subsequently.
Pepsin-mediated processing of synthetic precursor-like sequence yields neurotensin-like peptide.

Abstract A 15 amino acid synthetic peptide, which spanned the dibasic cleavage site C-terminal to neurotensin (NT), in its 170-residue canine precursor, was synthesized by solid-phase methods. Using this substrate in combination with a radioimmunoassay specific for the C-terminal region of NT, a simple assay was developed to monitor protease-mediated cleavage of the Leu 8 -Lys 9 bond in the substrate. Hog pepsin and the related enzymes, rhizopus pepsin, bovine cathepsin D, and mouse renin, were found to be effective in this assay, pepsin cleaving only this bond to liberate the NT-like sequence. The pH dependence of the reaction indicated that pepsin, cathepsin D, and renin exhibited significant activity at pH's characteristic for secretory vesicles (pH 5.5–6.5). In addition, pepsin and cathepsin D were shown to process the native precursor at pH's as high as 5.5. These results, although not proof, are consistent with the idea that endoproteases with pepsin-like specificity may be involved in the processing of the NT precursor in neural/endocrine cells.
Practical Model Reduction Methods

Model reduction is important in control and instrumentation. Numerous papers on model reduction have been published. In this paper model reduction methods are classified into three categories according to their underlying principles. The three categories are continued fraction expansion, dominant mode, and optimum fitting. Given numerical examples, the effectiveness and the merit of simplified models are evaluated on the basis of the simulation of the step response and the least sum of squares of the sample errors.
Impact of Space and Color in the Physical Environment on Preschool Children’s Cooperative Behavior

Design elements within child care facilities are thought to have important effects on children’s behavior. Empirical studies that examine features of the physical environment, such as color, wall surfaces, and vertical space, and how they affect development are sparse. Using Gibson’s Ecological Theory of Visual Perception, this study investigated the impact that differentiated space, including changes in ceiling height and wall color, has on children’s cooperative behavior. Thirty preschool children experienced four different spatial conditions in small groups. Multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance indicated that differentiation in ceiling height or wall color were related to higher levels of cooperative behavior among preschool children. As well, developmental level and gender were significant predictors of children’s cooperative behavior between spatial conditions. Findings from this study can benefit preschool administrators and designers concerned with developing children’s environments ...
Immobilization-Enabled Proton Reduction Catalysis by a Di-iron Hydrogenase Mimic

We have long been interested in the influence of surface immobilization on the electrochemical integrity of redox-active moieties [1–5]. Our studies have shown that, if the electroactive group itself is directly chemisorbed on (coordinated to) the electrode surface, profound alterations result in both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the electron transfer processes; the oxidative chemisorption of the iodide anion (to zerovalent iodine atoms) or the hydroquinone molecule (to benzoquinone) are prototypical examples. The changes are more subtle and less dramatic if the electroactive site is only a pendant moiety tethered to the surface via an anchor group; mercapto hydroquinone bound exclusively via the –SH group is a well-known specimen. We recently extended our investigations to include enzyme-inspired molecular electrocatalysts in which the multinuclear reactive site may require a certain entatic state to carry out its catalytic function; the anticipation is that the motion-restricted surface-tethered species would suffer diminished catalytic activity. The results are described in this brief communication.
Cottonseed protein food products

Upward trending world population and increasing costs for traditional food proteins provide many incentives for utilization of oilseed proteins directly in human diets. Cotton, as one of the world's major oilseed crops, represents a potential source of food protein. Acceptability of oilseed protein products in terms of functional properties in food systems and nutritional value will largely determine the extent of their utilization by the food industry. Liquid cyclone process cottonseed flour, defatted glandless cottonseed flour, storage protein isolates, and cottonseed whey proteins have been evaluated by various functionality tests and in a number of food systems. The cottonseed flours have been subjected to processing by extrusion texturization. Human feeding studies have also been conducted. Results indicate a good potential for use of cottonseed protein products in a variety of food systems.
Intraband and interband null Faraday rotation

Abstract In an earlier paper we have pointed out the advantage of null Faraday rotation measurements in the case of intraband phenomena, using a classical model for the free electron plasma. Further results are given here and then we present an extension to interband transitions by considering a model of classically bound electrons. Particular emphasis is placed on the application to MOS systems.
Flow Requirements in Ventricular Fibrillation: An In Vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of the Left Ventricular High-Energy Phosphate Pool

Abstract Study objective: We sought to determine whether flow rates of approximately 60% of normal values are sufficient to preserve the left ventricular myocardial high-energy phosphate pool during ventricular fibrillation (VF). Methods: Mixed-breed swine (weight 22.4±2.5 kg) were anesthetized with α-chloralose, placed in a state of VF, and perfused with extracorporeal circulation at a target flow of 50 mL·kg –1 ·min –1 . In vivo whole-wall (average of left ventricular wall) and spatially localized phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired at baseline and during VF. Results: Mean flow during VF was 58±20 mL·kg –1 ·min –1 (±SD; 95% confidence interval, 44 to 71) or about 60% of baseline cardiac output (n=13). Whole-wall adenosine triphosphate (ATP) decreased during perfused VF ( P –1 ·min –1 (±SD; 95% confidence interval, 56 to 92) during VF had preservation of CP and ATP levels. Conclusion: Flow levels equivalent to 60% of baseline cardiac output were insufficient to maintain normal high-energy phosphate levels in the in vivo fibrillating myocardium. At this level of flow, myocardial high-energy phosphate loss is nonhomogeneous within the left ventricular wall. [Angelos MG, Rath DP, Zhu H, Beckley PD, Robitaille P-ML: Flow requirements in ventricular fibrillation: An in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the left ventricular high-energy phosphate pool. Ann Emerg Med November 1999;34:583-588.]
Odd-item search by pigeons: Method, instrumentation, and uses

In odd-item visual search, subjects confront a display on which a number of stimulus items appear. All but one of these items are identical; the subject must respond to the one item (the target) that in some way differs from all the others (the distractors). The time required to find the target reflects the similarity between the target form and the distractor form. A matrix of search times for all possible pairs of a set of 20 or more items can be obtained in a single session. Such similarity matrices may reflect stimulus features, dimensions, and categories, among other things. A method is described through which pigeons learn odd-item search rapidly and perform with high accuracy despite the appearance of each form as a target on some trials and as a distractor on others. The paper also describes the essential apparatus and exemplifies displays and data.
Enabling efficient multithreaded MPI communication through a library-based implementation of MPI endpoints

Modern high-speed interconnection networks are designed with capabilities to support communication from multiple processor cores. The MPI endpoints extension has been proposed to ease process and thread count tradeoffs by enabling multithreaded MPI applications to efficiently drive independent network communication. In this work, we present the first implementation of the MPI endpoints interface and demonstrate the first applications running on this new interface. We use a novel library-based design that can be layered on top of any existing, production MPI implementation. Our approach uses proxy processes to isolate threads in an MPI job, eliminating threading overheads within the MPI library and allowing threads to achieve process-like communication performance. We evaluate the performance advantages of our implementation through several benchmarks and kernels. Performance results for the Lattice QCD Dslash kernel indicate that endpoints provides up to 2.9× improvement in communication performance and 1.87× overall performance improvement over a highly optimized hybrid MPI+OpenMP baseline on 128 processors.
Lower dimensionality and localization

Abstract A survey is given of the theory of localization of electrons in random one- and two-dimensional systems. The scaling theory and other perturbation theory approaches are considered. The application of the theory to conduction in thin films, inversion layers, and thin wires is surveyed. There is a brief discussion of two-dimensional electrons in strong magnetic fields. The effect of interactions on the electrons is discussed.
Imitation and prior classroom contact as determinants of reciprocal self-disclosure.

The reciprocity effect in self-disclosure research was tested by controlling for the effects of content imitation and prior degree of contact with the experimenter. Written self-disclosures and obj...
On the current-driven model in the classical electrodynamics of continuous media

The current-driven model in which a continuous medium is excited by a pre-determined current which overlaps with the medium in all points in space but is not subject to constitutive relations is critically analyzed.
Fondaparinux: a synthetic heparin pentasaccharide as a new antithrombotic agent.

Fondaparinux (Arixtra®, Sanofi-Synthelabo/Organon) is the first of a new class of antithrombotic agents distinct from low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and heparin. It is a chemically synthetic...
Age and stratigraphic relationships of pre- and syn-rift volcanic deposits in the northern Puertecitos Volcanic Province, Baja California, Mexico

Geologic mapping of volcanic strata of the northern Puertecitos Volcanic Province (PVP) in northeastern Baja California, Mexico, performed in conjunction with ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar analysis and petrochemical study, documents the Miocene geologic history of a well-preserved volcanic succession within the northern Sierra Santa Isabel and its relationship to the evolving Pacific–North America plate boundary. Subduction-related volcanic deposits, well-exposed in profile along the northern margin of the PVP in the informally named Santa Isabel Wash region, span pre-17 to 15 Ma. Minor rift-related volcanism occurred at ∼12.5 and ∼9 Ma, prior to voluminous PVP-forming volcanism at ∼6–6.5 Ma. Isochron ages typically exhibit precision (1σ) for plagioclase of ±2–7% and for anorthoclase and sanidine of ±2–5%, and replicate analysis of an internal anorthoclase standard indicate ∼1–2% reproducibility within a given irradiation and ∼2.5% for samples irradiated separately. Improved local correlations made possible by the rich stratigraphic section preserved in Santa Isabel Wash help constrain the relationships of several widespread pyroclastic flow deposits in northeastern Baja California. These correlations are important for both paleomagnetic studies within the region and for establishing geologic ties across the Gulf of California. The combined mapping and age results imply that most extensional deformation in the study area is post-6 Ma, although some earlier faulting and the development of the pre-6 Ma Matomi accommodation zone are also documented. Results support a transitional plate boundary model which implies that much of the Pacific–North America relative plate motion north of Delfin basin (i.e., the northernmost Gulf of California) is accommodated on N- to NNW-striking faults developed during Late Miocene ENE-directed extension. The model predicts a zone of divergence east of the PVP which provides a structural mechanism for the positions and jumps of nearby Gulf of California spreading centers (Upper and Lower Tiburon and Delfin basins) since 6 Ma, and relates major pulses of PVP volcanism at ∼6 and ∼3 Ma to these offshore spreading center adjustments. Results also imply that most extensional deformation in Santa Isabel Wash is the result of incorporation of the PVP into the Gulf Extensional Province ∼2–3 Ma due to northwestward propagation of the Guaymas fracture zone. Rotational deformation north of the PVP may have begun contemporaneously with this adjustment along the Gulf Extensional Province rift margin.
The effects of aggressive vs. conservative phototherapy on the brainstem auditory evoked responses of extremely-low-birth-weight infants

This study was a two-center, stratified, parallel-group randomized trial comparing the effects of aggressive vs. conservative phototherapy on brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) latencies in infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW, ≤ 1,000 g). BAER latencies of 751–1,000 g birth-weight infants were shorter by 0.37 ms (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02, 0.73) for wave V, 0.39 ms (0.08, 0.70) for wave III, and 0.33 ms (0.01, 0.65) for wave I after aggressive phototherapy at one center. Interwave intervals did not differ significantly. Similar nonsignificant trends were recorded for 501–750 g birth-weight infants. At the other participating center, no significant differences were recorded, cautioning against overgeneralizing these results. The effects of bilirubin on the auditory pathway in ELBW infants depend on a complex interaction of bilirubin exposure, newborn characteristics, and clinical management. Aggressive phototherapy was initiated sooner and continued at lower bilirubin levels than conservative phototherapy. A total of 174 ELBW infants were enrolled in the study; 111 infants were successfully tested at 35 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA); 57 died; and 6 were not successfully tested.
CIDER: Enabling Robustness-Power Tradeoffs on a Computational Eyeglass

The human eye offers a fascinating window into an individual's health, cognitive attention, and decision making, but we lack the ability to continually measure these parameters in the natural environment. The challenges lie in: a) handling the complexity of continuous high-rate sensing from a camera and processing the image stream to estimate eye parameters, and b) dealing with the wide variability in illumination conditions in the natural environment. This paper explores the power--robustness tradeoffs inherent in the design of a wearable eye tracker, and proposes a novel staged architecture that enables graceful adaptation across the spectrum of real-world illumination. We propose CIDER, a system that operates in a highly optimized low-power mode under indoor settings by using a fast Search-Refine controller to track the eye, but detects when the environment switches to more challenging outdoor sunlight and switches models to operate robustly under this condition. Our design is holistic and tackles a) power consumption in digitizing pixels, estimating pupillary parameters, and illuminating the eye via near-infrared, b) error in estimating pupil center and pupil dilation, and c) model training procedures that involve zero effort from a user. We demonstrate that CIDER can estimate pupil center with error less than two pixels (0.6O), and pupil diameter with error of one pixel (0.22mm). Our end-to-end results show that we can operate at power levels of roughly 7mW at a 4Hz eye tracking rate, or roughly 32mW at rates upwards of 250Hz.
What is Laser Threshold

The question of “what is a laser” is closely related to that of what is laser threshold. We analyze possible definitions of laser threshold through the L-I curve and conclude that there is no consistent definition of a threshold when the spontaneous emission factor is large, as in the case of micro- and nano-lasers. All these definitions based on L-I curve are not consistent with the evolution of statistical properties of light output with pumping. Thus, we argue that the threshold definition based on L-I curve has to be abandoned for nanolasers, where the fraction of spontaneous emission into a lasing mode becomes quite large.
Closure of an iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysm by transcutaneous coil embolization

Pseudo-aneurysm following diagnostic or interventional procedures is a well-recognized complication. Ultrasound guided compression repair is routinely used to close an uncomplicated pseudo-aneurysm. We describe a patient with a femoral artery pseudo-aneurysm following iliac angioplasty and stenting in which ultrasound guided compression repair failed. Pseudoaneurysm was successfully closed by transcutaneous coil embolization technique.
Lipid content and fatty acid composition of larvae and adults of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, as affected by larval diet

Abstract Eight fatty acids were found in the food, larvae and adults of the velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis, with C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 accounting for over 90% of the total. Fatty acid composition of the larvae tended to reflect that of their food. The most striking differences were the high percentages of C18:1 and C18:2 and the low percentage of C18:3 in the artificial diet and artificial diet-reared larvae compared to the foliage of three species of legume food plants (soybean, Glycine max; pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan; and hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta) and foliage-reared larvae. Lipid content (%dw) declined during metamorphosis from mature larva to adult with diet-reared larvae and adults exhibiting significantly higher lipid contents than foliage-reared insects. Regardless of larval food, newly eclosed adults tended to exhibit a decrease in the % of C18:3, and increases in C16:0 and C18:1 compared to larvae. Larval diet clearly influenced the fatty acid composition of larvae and adults, but only the % of C18:2 did not change between food, larvae and adults.
Turbulence Measurements of Separate-Flow Nozzles with Pylon Interaction Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Particle image velocimetry measurements for separate-flow nozzles with bypass ratio five have recently been obtained in the NASA Langley Jet Noise Laboratory. The six configurations tested include a baseline configuration with round core and fan nozzles, an eight-chevron core nozzle at two different clocking positions, and repeats of these configurations with a pylon included. One run condition representative of takeoff was investigated for all cases. The unsteady flowfield measurements complement recent computational, acoustic, and mean flowfield studies performed at NASA Langley for the same nozzle configurations and run condition. The baseline configuration measurements show good agreement with existing mean and turbulent flowfield data. Nonetheless, the baseline configuration turbulence profile indicates an asymmetric flowfield, despite careful attention to concentricity. The presence of the pylon increases the upper shear layer turbulence levels while simultaneously decreasing the turbulence levels in the lower shear layer. In addition, a slightly shorter potential core length is observed with the addition of the pylon. Finally, comparisons of computational results with current measurements are favorable for mean flow, slightly overpredicted for Reynolds shear stress, and underpredicted for Reynolds normal stress components.