cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Interfacial Stress in Porcelain-fused-to-metal Systems

A method is given for calculating interfacial shear stress in porcelain-fused-to-metal restorative materials. Thermal history of the porcelain and dynamic stress relief relations are utilized to predict interfacial stress as a function of temperature. Calculations are in agreement with experimental results based on the deflection of bimaterial strips and are consistent with previously reported data.
The rotation, color, phase coefficient, and diameter of 1915 quetzalcoatl

Photoelectric observations of 1915 Quetzalcoatl on March 2, 1981 show that this asteroid has a rotational period of 4.9 + or - 0.3 hr and a lightcurve amplitude of 0.26 magnitudes. B-V and U-B colors are found to be 0.83 + or - 0.04 and 0.43 + or - 0.03, respectively, consistent with Quetzalcoatl being an S-type asteroid. Additional observations from March 31, 1981, give a linear phase coefficient of 0.033 mag/deg and a mean B(1,0) magnitude of 20.10. The resulting estimated mean diameter for Quetzalcoatl is only 0.37 km, making it one of the smallest asteroids for which physical observations have yet been made.
Infinitesimal perturbation analysis for general discrete event systems

A rigorous extension of the recent perturbation analysis approach to more general discrete event systems is given. First, a general class of systems and performance measures is defined, and some basic reprsentational and linearity properties are derived. Next a sample gradient of performance with respect to a parameter of the system is defined. Then, for certain parameters of such systems, an infinitesimal perturbation analysis algorithm is derived. It is proved that this algorithm gives exact values for the sample gradients of performance with respect to the parameters, by observing only one sample path of the DEDS. (However, the sample gradient may or may not be a good estimate of the gradient of the performance measure; this point is elaborated in the body of the paper.) The computational complexity of this algorithm is bound to be linear in the number of events. These results offer the potential for very efficient calculation of the gradients—a fact that can be used for design/operation of computer systems, communication networks, manufacturing systems, and many other real-world systems, particularly since restrictive assumptions (e.g., exponential distributions) are not required of the system.
Techniques for Immobilizing and Bleeding Marmots and Woodrats

Blood samples were obtained in the field by femoral vein puncture in bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea) and yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) that had been injected intramuscularly with ketamine hydrochloride. Dosages ranged from 50 mg/kg for marmots to 30 to 110 mg/kg for woodrats. Sedated animals were handled easily, and a volume of blood sufficient for hematological assays or electrophoresis could be collected.
A solution procedure for thermo-elastic-plastic and creep problems

Abstract An effective solution procedure for finite element thermo-elastic-plastic and creep analysis with temperature-dependent material properties is presented. The material model employed is summarized, the basic iterative equations are developed and the solution procedure is theoretically analyzed and numerically tested for its stability and accuracy properties.
Rejection of tumor metastases in Fischer 344 rats following the administration of killed Corynebacterium parvum

Fischer 344 rats received subcutaneous grafts of syngeneic 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Thereafter, at 20 days, each animal of a group received either daily (×2) permeating intratumor injections of killed Corynebacterium parvum (1.0 mg) saline, and weekly (×4) intravenous (i.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) C. parvum or saline. In addition, a group each (4 groups) of rats were treated with surgical extirpation of the growing tumor nodule and i.v. and i.p. C. parvum or saline administered at weekly (×4) intervals. The results revealed that following intratumor injection of C. parvum there was rejection of tumor by all animals which exhibited long-term survival for 29 months (intratumor saline: 0% survival). The groups of rats treated with surgical extirpation of the tumor and parenteral administration of C. parvum exhibited 70–75% survival for 20 months (saline treated: 20–35% survival). The surviving animals exhibited tumor-specific protection to subsequent tumor cell challenges. Macrophages separated from the lung, peritoneum, and spleen of rats from the intratumor C. parvum group exhibited respectively, 46.2%, 62.9%, and 29.4% cytotoxicity towards target 13762 tumor cells as measured by 51 Cr release. Similar studies using macrophages from the group treated with surgery and parenteral C. parvum revealed similar tumor cytotoxicity (pulmonary: 49.2%; peritoneal: 65.7%; spleen: 34.4%). The splenic lymphocytes from the intratumor and parenteral C. parvum groups exhibited, respectively, 16.9% and 14.7% 51 Cr release following incubation with target tumor cells.
The Emerging Role of Rituximab in Organ Transplantation

Summary Long-term acceptance of solid organ allografts remains a challenge. While many acute rejection episodes can be treated, new mechanisms of allograft damage are now being defined especially in kidney transplantation. Unexpected clusters of CD20+ cells have been discovered in renal biopsies performed for clinical rejection. C4d deposition is now routinely seen in refractory rejection. Despite the rapid introduction of new immunosuppressive agents in transplantation, the search for an efficacious anti-B-cell agent remains. With novel mechanisms of allograft damage now being defined, it is important to consider how an anti-B-cell agent might fit into an immunosuppressive regimen. Rituximab is a high-affinity CD20 specific antibody that depletes the B-cell compartment by inducing cellular apoptosis. Thus, it is a rational choice for therapy in transplantation to abrogate B-cell mediated events. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of action of rituximab, and its use in for a variety of indications in solid organ transplantation. There are emerging case reports that show that rituximab may be an effective agent to treat antibody-mediated rejection, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Rituximab has been frequently cited as an important adjunct therapy in desensitization protocols for highly sensitized transplant recipients as well as recipients of ABO incompatible transplants. Rituximab demonstrates promise in this regard and warrants additional consideration in prospective clinical trials.
Assembly behavior of iron oxide-capped Janus particles in a magnetic field.

Three types of iron oxide Janus particles are obtained by varying the deposition rate of iron in a 3:1 Ar/O2 atmosphere during physical vapor deposition. Each type of iron oxide Janus particle show...
A magnetic loop model for structure and activity in the Galactic center

A simple model for the production and propagation of magnetized loops in the Galactic center is developed. It is found that a magnetized model can reproduce the filamentary, asymmetric structures on all scales from 100 pc to subparsec scales in the Galactic center. The radio and molecular gas morphology on all scales inside the Galactic center lobe may be explained in terms of the expansion of strongly magnetized loops and their interaction with the 2-5 pc torus and 30-50 pc portion of the center lobe. The magnetic loops have a toroidal field which explains the braided appearance of the radio continuum emission on the 2 pc scale. The barlike feature on the 2 pc radio continuum maps can be viewed as a piece of a magnetic loop with field strength about 0.01 G which is colliding and reconnecting with the ionized inner edge of the 2 pc molecular torus. The loop-torus interaction feeds energetic particles and shear Alfven waves into the torus, and deposits mass and energy.
Spinoza: A Marrano of reason?

In the first volume of his Spinoza and Other Heretics entitled The Marrano of Reason, Yovel proposes a different cultural context for the study of Spinoza: the Marrano mentalite. Living as crypto‐Jews in a Catholic Iberian world, the Marranos developed a certain life‐style that had specific religious and literary modes of expression: heterodox tendencies, the use of equivocation, and the zealous search for salvation, which often assumed secular forms. These Marrano traits are, Yovel claims, found in Spinoza as well, who was the son of a Marrano and brought up in the Marrano milieu of the Amsterdam Jewish quarter. In this essay I challenge this interpretation of Spinoza by stressing both the generally orthodox character of Marrano religiosity and the significant differences between Spinoza and the few Marrano heretics by whom he was supposedly influenced. I argue that Spinoza not only rejected Marrano orthodoxy but was already inhabiting an intellectual framework that differed considerably from the margina...
Pattern-driven deadlock avoidance

Pattern-driven deadlock avoidance is to identify and exploit a deadlock pattern to avoid deadlocks of this pattern in future. In this paper, we discuss deadlock-pattern characterization, discovery, and exploitation, with an emphasis on exploring Just-in-time (JIT) compilation techniques.
Natural convection from variously oriented cubes and from other bodies of unity aspect ratio

Abstract Experiments, performed both in water and air, yielded natural convection heat transfer coefficients for cubes positioned in as many as 13 orientations in the gravity field. The orientation-related variations in the heat transfer were in the 10–12% range for water and in the 2–5% range for air. When represented in terms of the Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers, the water and air data differed by about 10%. The data were used to assess the prediction methods of King and of Lienhard. The former overpredicted the data by 40–58%, while the latter, although more accurate, underpredicted the data by as much as 23%. To correlate the data for the cube, the sphere, and the short vertical cylinder (height = diameter), all bodies of unity aspect ratio, a new characteristic length was formulated. The new length is based on the surface area of the body and on the square root of the area of the projection of the body on a horizontal plane. With the newly defined Nusselt and Rayleigh numbers and with an already established Prandtl number factor, the data were very tightly correlated. Flow visualization performed in water indicated that the flow was laminar and that there was no separation of the flow at the corners of the cube.
Soil Color as an Indicator of Slash‐and‐Burn Fire Severity and Soil Fertility in Sumatra, Indonesia

Fire is widely used as a tool for converting forest to agricultural land in many developing countries, and correlations are thought to exist between fire severity, burned soil color, and soil fertility. To test this hypothesis, field experiments were conducted in Sepunggur, Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Field burning a slashed 12- to 15-yr-old secondary forest caused Munsell values and chromas to decrease and hues to become yellower with increasing heat severity, especially in the top 5 cm of the soil. However, at peak surface temperatures >600°C, soil C was mostly depleted and the soil matrix was reddened. Laboratory studies showed similar results with static heating. Moreover, color changes were highly dependent on the duration of exposure at a given temperature, Fire induced the formation of aggregates with exteriors that had lower values and chromas and slightly redder hues than the interiors. Laboratory removal of organic matter from burned samples by chemical oxidation did not alter the color. Soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K increased with fire severity, while exchangeable acidity and Al decreased 2 wk after the burn. Soil C and N were reduced at high burn severity only. Phosphorus showed an increase in availability at low to medium fire severity and a decrease in availability at the most intense burn levels. Colors of burned areas in the field did not change significantly during the 12 wk following the burn. However, within 12 wk following the field burn exchangeable Ca had decreased to preburn levels and Al saturation had increased markedly. Using postburn color measurements to predict the spatial patterns in soil fertility was limited by the fact that fertility changed rapidly following the burn, whereas color parameters did not.
A methodology for dynamic functional connectivity

Classical measures of functional connectivity assume that the stationarity of the time courses and the time-invariance of functional connectivity under investigation. These assumptions may not be valid in the real cases. Also, they are bivariate measures and may not provide the directional information flow between brain units. A new approach is proposed to tackle these problems. A statistics reasoning shows that the short-length time course is more likely to be stationary than the long-length time course. Thus, the entire time course under investigation is divided into short segments with the proper length. Magnitude squared coherence (in spectrum domain) is computed to assess functional connectivity on these segments, hence, provides a dynamic measure of functional connectivity. The averaged magnitude squared coherence over the segments gives an overall measure of functional connectivity. This approach has been applied to several neuroimaging data analysis. The results and the interpretations / predictions are in good agreement. Mutual coherence (in time domain) is computed to assess functional connectivity, hence, provides an insight on directional information flow. By using grid computing, this approach will be extended from the bivariate to the multivariate.
21.3 A 6.45μW self-powered IoT SoC with integrated energy-harvesting power management and ULP asymmetric radios

A 1 trillion node internet of things (IoT) will require sensing platforms that support numerous applications using power harvesting to avoid the cost and scalability challenge of battery replacement in such large numbers. Previous SoCs achieve good integration and even energy harvesting [1][2][3], but they limit supported applications, need higher end-to-end harvesting efficiency, and require duty-cycling for RF communication. This paper demonstrates a highly integrated, flexible SoC platform that supports multiple sensing modalities, extracts information from data flexibly across applications, harvests and delivers power efficiently, and communicates wirelessly.
Posterior-to-anterior circulation access using the Penumbra Stroke System for mechanical thrombectomy of a right middle cerebral artery thrombus

Abstract Background Mechanical thrombectomy devices rely on the ability of an operator to directly access a thrombus with the device. The authors demonstrate the first reported posterior-to-anterior circulation approach using the Penumbra Stroke System (Penumbra, Inc, Alameda, CA) for thrombectomy in acute stroke. Case Description A 53-year–old man presented 5 hours and 15 minutes after onset of left homonymous hemianopia, left facial droop, left upper extremity plegia, and left lower extremity paresis (NIHSS = 15). Computed tomography of the head revealed hyperdense material in the right M1 to M2 segments without loss of gray-white differentiation in the right cerebral hemisphere. Cerebral angiography at 6 hours and 50 minutes revealed occlusion of the right ICA at its origin. Injection of the left vertebral artery demonstrated clot in the right M1 segment with no anterograde flow. An Excelsior 1018 (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) microcatheter was used to access the right PCOM and subsequently the right ICA and right MCA. A joint decision was made with the stroke neurology service to bury the microcatheter within the right MCA clot and administer 13 mg of tPA. A triaxial system using the Penumbra 041 catheter, Excelsior SL-10 microcatheter, and Synchro2 (Boston Scientific) guidewire was used to traverse the left vertebral and basilar arteries, the right PCOM, and the right ICA to the thrombosed right M1 segment. Aspiration using the Penumbra 41 catheter and 41 Separator was performed, resulting in a TIMI-2 result with minimal residual superior right M2 thrombus. Conclusion In patients with proximal vascular occlusion, mechanical thrombectomy with relatively stiff thrombectomy systems can be achieved through collateral pathways in the circle of Willis. Although the diameter mismatch between the Penumbra 41 catheter and a microguidewire may make sharp turns challenging, the use of an SL-10 microcatheter as a functional obturator may afford access.
Single mutations change CYP2F3 from a dehydrogenase of 3-methylindole to an oxygenase.

Pulmonary cytochrome P450 2F3 (CYP2F3) catalyzes the dehydrogenation of the pneumotoxin 3-methylindole (3MI) to an electrophilic intermediate, 3-methyleneindolenine, which is responsible for the toxicity of the parent compound. Members of the CYP2F subfamily are the only enzymes known to exclusively dehydrogenate 3MI, without detectable formation of oxygenation products. Thus, CYP2F3 is an attractive model to study dehydrogenation mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to identify specific residues that could facilitate 3MI dehydrogenation. Both single and double mutations were constructed to study the molecular mechanisms that direct dehydrogenation. Double mutations in substrate recognition sites (SRS) 1 produced an inactive enzyme, while double mutants in SRS 4 did not alter 3MI metabolism. However, double mutations in SRS 5 and SRS 6 successfully introduced oxygenase activity to CYP2F3. Single mutations in SRS 5, SRS 6 and near SRS 2 also introduced 3MI oxygenase activity. Mutants S474H and D361T o...
Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulation of poly (ethylene oxide) electrolytes

Abstract Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations were applied to study the ion-ion and ion-polymer interactions in PEO-based polymer electrolytes containing Li(I) and Zn(II) halides. The PEO/salt structures were simulated at different temperatures and salt concentrations. In both the PEO/LiBr and PEO/ZnBr 2 systems, ion association was found to be temperature and concentration dependent. In addition to ZnBr + ion pairs and ZnBr 2 neutral species, Zn 2 Br + 3 clusters were found in PEO/ZnBr 2 electrolytes.
Theoretical analysis of the effect of particle size and support on the kinetics of oxygen reduction reaction on platinum nanoparticles

We perform a first-principles based computational analysis of the effect of particle size and support material on the electrocatalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles. Using a mechanism for oxygen reduction that accounts for electric field effects and stabilization from the water layer on the (111) and (100) facets, we show that the model used agrees well with linear sweep voltammetry and rotating ring disk electrode experiments. We find that the per-site activity of the nanoparticle saturates for particles larger than 5 nm and we show that the optimal particle size is in the range of 2.5–3.5 nm, which agrees well with recent experimental work. We examine the effect of support material and show that the perimeter sites on the metal–support interface are important in determining the overall activity of the nanoparticles. We also develop simple geometric estimates for the activity which can be used for determining the activity of other particle shapes and sizes.
Simple approach to process speckle-photography data.

A simple approach to incorporate the effect of the variation in diffraction halo intensity on Young’s fringes in speckle photography is described. Detailed solutions for the shifts in maxima and minima positions are presented for the case of double exposure.
Socioenvironmental experiences, self-esteem, and emotional/behavioral problems in early adolescence.

Tested the role of self-esteem as a mediator of relationships between socio-environmental experiences and emotional/behavioral problems using a sample of 215 young adolescents (Grades 7-9). Socioenvironmental experiences were assessed using self-report questionnaire measures of social support and major and minor stressful events. Self-esteem was assessed using a self-report questionnaire, an interview, and a parent-report questionnaire. Emotional/behavioral problems were assessed using self-report, parent-report and teacher-report questionnaires. Utilizing structural equation modeling, the data were used to test a model in which self-esteem mediated the relationship between socioenvironmental experiences and emotional/behavioral problems. The hypothesized model provided a reasonably good fit to the data (normed fit index = .90). However, an alternative model which also allowed for direct effects of socioenvironmental experiences on emotional/behavioral problems produced a significant improvement in model fit. In this model, socio-environmental experiences had significant effects on emotional problems via both direct effects and indirect effects that indicated a mediating role for self-esteem. Only direct effects of socioenvironmental experiences were evident for behavioral problems.
Structure of the Proton and the Hyperfine Shift in Hydrogen

The proton-size correction to the hyperfine structure in the ground state of atomic hydrogen is re-examined. It is shown by means of dispersion relations that this correction can be expressed as an integral over experimentally measurable cross sections for electron-proton scattering. This clarifies the physical nature of the correction, puts it on a rigorous basis and lends support to previous analyses. In the absence of experimental data, we give some theoretical estimates for the correction. They agree with previous estimates, and therefore we cannot explain the present experimental value for the hyperfine splitting. We discuss some possible implications of this disagreement and suggest some experiments which would clarify the situation.
Anisotropy of the Hot-Electron Problem in Semiconductors with Spheroidal Energy Surfaces

Energy gain for electrons in many-valley semiconductors for any orientation of electric field is determined. The anisotropy of the hot electron problem is characterized for conditions appropriate at low temperatures where noncollective behavior of the spheroidal surfaces prevails; it is expected that germanium and silicon will not generally exhibit pronounced anisotropy. Electrons ought to accelerate most readily in the [110] and [211] directions of the former element and in the [100] and [110] of the latter. Anisotropy of the collision time in germanium is shown not to affect the optimal energy gain directions in the limit of ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ (${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\mathrm{ratio}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{longitudinal}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{transverse}\mathrm{collision}\mathrm{frequencies}$), but ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ might produce a shift. The possible observation of the individual drift of injected electron pulses in the Haynes-Shockley experiment is discussed.
Finite density of states in a mixed state of a d x 2 − y 2 + i d xy superconductor

We have calculated the density of states of quasiparticles in a ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}{+id}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ superconductor, and show that in the mixed state the quasiparticle spectrum remains gapless because of the Doppler shift by superflow. It was found that if the ${d}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ order gap ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{1}\ensuremath{\propto}\sqrt{H}$ as suggested by experiments, then thermal conductivity $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{\propto}\sqrt{H}$ in accord with experimental data at lowest temperatures.
Dutch Eyes: A Critical History of Photography in the Netherlands

(2008). Dutch Eyes: A Critical History of Photography in the Netherlands. Photography and Culture: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 119-123.
Parallel activation of multiple spinal opiate systems appears to mediate 'non-opiate' stress-induced analgesias.

Abstract Pain is powerfully modulated by circuitries within the CNS. Two major types of pain inhibitory systems are commonly believed to exist: opiate (those that are blocked by systemic opiate antagonists and by systemic morphine tolerance) and non-opiate (those that are not). We used intrathecal delivery of μ, δ, and κ opiate receptor antagonists to examine 3 well-accepted non-opiate stress-induced analgesias. Combined blockade of all 3 classes of opiate receptors antagonized all of the ‘non-opiate’ analgesias. Further experiments demonstrated that blocking μ and δ or μ and κ was sufficient to abolish ‘non-opiate’ analgesias. Combined blockade of κ and δ receptors was without effect. The clear conclusion is that all endogenous analgesia systems may in fact to be opiate at the level of the spinal cord. Phenomena previously thought to be non-opiate appear to involve parallel activation of multiple spinal opiate processes. These findings suggest the need for a fundamental shift in conceptualization regarding the organization and function of pain modulatory systems in particular, and opiate systems in general.
The Psychophysics Of Spatial Sampling

In this paper, we study the physical and psychophysical effects of digital sampling. In particular, we study how spatial sampling (the geometry of the pixel array) and luminance sampling (the distribution of gray levels) affect the image and its perception. Taking the Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT/LCD) as our model, we have simulated four candidate pixel geometries on a color graphics display. We have made psychophysical measurements of visual detectability, reaction time, and rated quality as a function of pixel geometry and grayscale. Our major findings are that (1) the spatial geometry of the sampling array exerts a major influence on visual performance, (2) for suprathreshold judgments of image quality, asymptotic performance is reached with as few as 2-3 bits of grayscale, and (3) the effect of grayscale on performance depends on exposure duration.
Whither ‘nano’ or ‘bio’?

While the nano revolution has taken materials science by storm, it is the union with biology that has real potential for life-changing advances
INDUCTION AND RESTRICTION OF KAZHDAN-LUSZTIG CELLS

Abstract Barbasch and Vogan gave a beautiful rule for restricting and inducing Kazhdan–Lusztig representations of Weyl groups. In this paper we show that this rule implies and generalizes the Littlewood–Richardson rule for decomposing outer products of representations of the symmetric groups. A new recursive rule for computing characters of arbitrary Coxeter groups follows. Another application is a generalization of Garsia–Remmel's algorithm for decomposing certain tensor products of symmetric groups representations.
Tuberculosis Discovered while Performing Thoracotomy for Suspected Lung Cancer

An analysis is presented of 17 patients in whom the diagnosis of tuberculosis was made at thoracotomy for suspected lung cancer. The maximum age incidence was between the fifth and eighth decades, being more common in men. Tuberculin test was positive in all the patients. Roentgenograms of 14 of the 17 patients, most of whom were asymptomatic, revealed solitary pulmonary nodules. The radiologic features and conventional bronchoscopy were not helpful in distinguishing tuberculosis from carcinoma of the lung. Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy, adhesions, caseous material and lesions between two to three centimeters in diameter were common operative findings. The posterior segment in upper lobe lesions and the posterior basal segment in lower lobe lesions were commonly involved. There was minimal postoperative morbidity, no mortality, and excellent long term follow-up without any complications.
Estimation of optimal locations for controls on a Kirchhoff plate

We consider the optimal placement of the controls on a Kirchhoff plate. Differentiability properties of an optimal control with respect to its location are determined.
Allosteric inhibition of human factor XIa: discovery of monosulfated benzofurans as a class of promising inhibitors.

Factor XIa (fXIa) is being recognized as a prime target for developing safer anticoagulants. To discover synthetic, small, allosteric inhibitors of fXIa, we screened an in-house, unique library of 65 molecules displaying many distinct scaffolds and varying levels of sulfation. Of these, monosulfated benzofurans were the only group of molecules found to inhibit fXIa (∼100% efficacy) and led to the identification of monosulfated trimer 24 (IC50 0.82 μM) as the most potent inhibitor. Michaelis–Menten kinetics studies revealed a classic noncompetitive mechanism of action for 24. Although monosulfated, the inhibitors did not compete with unfractionated heparin alluding to a novel site of interaction. Fluorescence quenching studies indicated that trimer 24 induces major conformational changes in the active site of fXIa. Docking studies identified a site near Lys255 on the A3 domain of fXIa as the most probable site of binding for 24. Factor XIa devoid of the A3 domain displayed a major defect in the inhibition ...
Canonical anomalies and broken scale invariance

Abstract Canonical behavior of strong interactions at short distances causes an anomaly in the trace identity involving two electromagnetic currents and the energy-momentum tensor. The anomaly is connected with the high energy behavior of e + e − → γ → hadrons and the ϵ(700)γγ coupling constant.
Infrared Spectra of Some 5-Aminotetrazoles and Their Deuterated Derivatives

Spectra of solid 5-aminotetrazoles and their deuterated derivatives in mulls and KBr disks are presented. It has been possible to assign regions for NH and ND stretching, bending, and rocking modes; ring N=N and C=N frequencies; and exo CN stretching modes.
Binding of hydroxychromones with Al3+ in methanol

Abstract The chelation of 3-hydroxy-, 5-hydroxy- and 5,7-dihydroxychromone with Al3+ was studied spectrophotometrically. Both the molar ratio method and method of continuous variation (Job’s method) were used to determine the composition of the complexes. In all cases, complex formation involved 1:1 aluminum ion to hydroxychromone ratios. For the 5-hydroxy and 5,7-dihydroxy derivatives, this composition agrees with that for the corresponding hydroxyflavone. However, 3-hydroxyflavone (flavonol) forms a 2:1 complex with Al3+ in methanol in contrast to the results for 3-hydroxychromone in this study. The importance of the cinnamoyl mesomeric form for stabilizing the complex between flavonol and Al3+ is invoked to explain this discrepancy.
Dependence of Extinction Efficiency of Spherical Scatterers on Photometer Geometry

In a conventional transmission photometer, the photocell collects the undeviated transmitted light plus some scattered by the sample particles at small angles. The Mie equations directly predict optical efficiencies in terms of total scattering. Presently, these equations plus numerical methods are used to calculate the effective extinction efficiencies that govern transmittances given by conventional optical systems. The effects on observed transmittances of two instrument properties, the convergence of the incident beam, and the angle of acceptance of the photocell have been examined, both theoretically and experimentally. Increase of γ2, the planar half-angle of acceptance of the photocell, substantially increases observed transmission, especially for large particles. Increase of γ1, the angle of convergence of the incident beam, decreases transmittance when γ1 ≦ γ2. Increases of both the real and imaginary parts of the particle refractive index decrease the effects of a nonneglible γ2.
Bright light activates a trigeminal nociceptive pathway.

Bright light can cause ocular discomfort and/or pain; however, the mechanism linking luminance to trigeminal nerve activity is not known. In this study we identify a novel reflex circuit necessary for bright light to excite nociceptive neurons in superficial laminae of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc/C1). Vc/C1 neurons encoded light intensity and displayed a long delay (>10 s) for activation. Microinjection of lidocaine into the eye or trigeminal root ganglion (TRG) inhibited light responses completely, whereas topical application onto the ocular surface had no effect. These findings indicated that light-evoked Vc/C1 activity was mediated by an intraocular mechanism and transmission through the TRG. Disrupting local vasomotor activity by intraocular microinjection of the vasoconstrictive agents, norepinephrine or phenylephrine, blocked light-evoked neural activity, whereas ocular surface or intra-TRG microinjection of norepinephrine had no effect. Pupillary muscle activity did not contribute since light-evoked responses were not altered by atropine. Microinjection of lidocaine into the superior salivatory nucleus diminished light-evoked Vc/C1 activity and lacrimation suggesting that increased parasympathetic outflow was critical for light-evoked responses. The reflex circuit also required input through accessory visual pathways since both Vc/C1 activity and lacrimation were prevented by local blockade of the olivary pretectal nucleus. These findings support the hypothesis that bright light activates trigeminal nerve activity through an intraocular mechanism driven by a luminance-responsive circuit and increased parasympathetic outflow to the eye.
Effect of an external field on decoherence

``Decoherence of quantum superpositions through coupling to engineered reservoirs'' is the topic of a recent paper by Myatt et al. [Nature 403, 269 (2000)] which has attracted much interest because of its relevance to current research in fundamental quantum theory, quantum computation, teleportation, entanglement, and the quantum-classical interface. However, the preponderance of theoretical work on decoherence does not consider the effect of an external field. Here, we present an analysis of such an effect in the case of the random $\ensuremath{\delta}$-correlated force discussed by Myatt et al.
Birth order and creativity: some further evidence.

Summary.-This study examined the relationship between creativity as measured by a creativity scale for the Adjective Check List and birth order of 96 male independent inventors and 58 male noninventors. The results indicate that there is no significant relationship at least for the measure of creativity used. The issue of birth order and its effect on children has interested parents and psychologists for a long time. For instance, studies have indicated that there appears to be a reliable relationship between birth order and intelligence (Zajonc, 1975). Also of interest to researchers is the relationship between birth order and creativity. Unfortunately, there appears to be little consensus as to what this relationship is. For example, Eisenman and Schussel (1970) have concluded that later-born males are significantly less creative than firstborn males on the three measures of creativity used (Complexity Preference, Personal Opinion Survey, Unusual Uses). In contrast, Staffieri (1970) concludes that later-borns scored higher on the two creativity measures he used, Word Association Test, Uses Test. While these two studies are only representative of the many studies that have been conducted, they do illustrate the inconsistency of research findings and the likelihood that results are highly dependent upon the measures of creativity that are used. The present study investigated the difference between firstborn and laterborn males on a measure of creativity developed for the Adjective Check List (Gough & Heilbrun, 1965 ) by Domino ( 1970). METHOD The subjects were 96 known male independent inventors and 58 male noninventors who had participated in a comprehensive study of the independent inventor (Albaum, 1976). The inventor sample was drawn from the population of inventors who had contacted and sought some type of assistance from the Center for Invention and Innovation at the University of Oregon. About 65% of the inventor group lived in the three Northwestern States and California, while the remainder lived throughout the remainder of the continental United States.
TH‐E‐218‐05: Prediction of Respiratory Motion from Single Daily 3D Image Using Prior Model of Motion and Anatomic Variations

Purpose: Respiratory motion may vary significantly from the planning stage to the time of treatment, leading to challenges in motion‐based treatment intervention. The purpose of this study was to develop a computational framework allowing for accurate prediction of daily respiratory motion from single 3D daily image under drastic inter‐fractional respiratory variations and anatomic changes, by taking advantage of prior knowledge of motion and anatomic relationship. Methods: Deformable image registration (DIR) was first performed across planning 4D‐CT to obtain a set of displacement vector field (DVF), which were further modeled by Principal Component analysis (PCA) to learn a prior motion model, namely a subspace spanned by principal bases. Subsequently, DIR was employed again across vowels of planning and daily images to calculate the DVF for inter‐fractional motion, which was used to spatially map the learned prior motion subspace (principal bases) onto the grid of daily image. Finally, we estimated the component of inter‐fractional respiratory variations by linear projection of inter‐fractional DVF onto mapped motion subspace. The resultant projections were utilized to compensate the reconstruction of daily respiratory motion. The reconstructed respiratory motion will be useful for various image‐guided treatment intervention strategies. Results: We applied the proposed framework for the prediction of respiratory motion from single daily CBCT and/or free‐breathing conventional CT using patients from a proton protocol undergoing weekly 4D‐CT evaluation. The accuracy of our model was visually and quantitatively confirmed by the excellent agreement between predicted contours by our model and physician approved ones. For a case with large tumor shrinkage, a DICE score of 90.2% has been achieved; even for another case with drastic respiratory motion difference (around 2cm) from planning stage, the agreement is also close to 90%. Conclusions: We have proposed and validated a novel framework to predict respiratory motion from single 3D daily image.
Infant mental health and family support: Contributions of Early Head Start to an integrated model for community-based early childhood programs

This paper analyzes the experiences of an Early Head Start (EHS) program in adopting and implementing an infant mental health (IMH) approach in its work with community families. Through qualitative methods (participant observation, qualitative interviews, and case studies), we examined the strategies used, and the challenges encountered, by program staff as they applied IMH principles in their home-visiting interventions with families whose lives involve significant economic, social, and psychological stressors. Our study identified four elements crucial to an effective IMH initiative: (1) teamwork, especially the use of transdisciplinary teams to review family cases, (2) reflective supervision, (3) development of an integrated and empathic understanding of the child's needs and the parent's challenges in meeting those needs, and (4) a dynamic ecological understanding of children, families, and communities in which psychosocial and socioeconomic factors are viewed as mutually important and interactive. We argue that each of these elements both builds on and enhances long-standing dimensions of this EHS program's family support approach, creating an innovative and integrated model of IMH and family support that could prove of value in many community-based programs serving children and families whose emotional health is affected by everyday experiences of economic and social inequality.
Bradykinin and Its Metabolite, Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe, Are Selective Inhibitors of α-Thrombin–Induced Platelet Activation

Background Plasma kininogens are selective inhibitors of α-thrombin activation of platelets and endothelial cells. In the present study, we localized the α-thrombin inhibitory sequence of kininogens and describe its mechanism of action. Methods and Results Bradykinin and an analogue, MKRPPGFSPFRSSRIG, inhibited α-thrombin–induced platelet aggregation and secretion with an IC50 of 0.25 and 1 mmol/L and of 0.23 and 0.5 mmol/L, respectively. The minimal inhibitory peptide was RPPGF. Bradykinin and its analogues did not inhibit ADP-, collagen-, U46619-, or SFLLRN-induced platelet activation or the ability of α-thrombin to cleave chromogenic substrates, clot fibrinogen, or block α-thrombin binding to platelets. Bradykinin, MKRPPGFSPFRSSRIG, and RPPGF abolished α-thrombin–induced (1 nmol/L) calcium mobilization. On flow cytometry, bradykinin and MKRPPGFSPFRSSRIG blocked α-thrombin from removing the epitope of its cleavage site on the cloned thrombin receptor. Furthermore, peptide RPPGF or high-molecular-weight kininogen prevented α-thrombin from cleaving the thrombin receptor peptide, NATLDPRSFLLR, between arginine and serine. Conclusions These results indicate that bradykinin and its metabolites are selective antithrombins by preventing α-thrombin cleavage of the cloned thrombin receptor between arginine-41 and serine-42. These newly recognized antithrombin peptides, which are termed thrombostatins, contribute to the cardioprotective nature of kinins.
Localization and insulin-regulated relocation of phosphoinositide 5-kinase PIKfyve in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

The mammalian phosphoinositide kinase PIKfyve catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 5-P and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-P2, thought essential in cellular functions, including membrane trafficking. To discern the intracellular loci of PIKfyve products' formation, we have examined the localization of PIKfyve protein versus enzymatic activity and a possible acutely regulated redistribution in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Subcellular fractions of resting cells that were positive for immunoreactive PIKfyve, such as cytosol (∼76%), internal structures (low density microsomal fraction (LDM), composed of recycling endosomes, GLUT4 storage compartment, Golgi, and cytoskeletal elements) (∼20%), and plasma membrane (∼4%), expressed enzymatically active PIKfyve. While the presence of a FYVE finger in PIKfyve predicts early endosome targeting, density gradient sedimentation, immunoadsorption, and fluorescence microscopy analyses segregated the LDM-associated PIKfyve from the membranes of the recycling endosomes and GLUT4. PIKfyve fluorescence staining largely coincided with trans-Golgi network/multivesicular body markers, indicating PIKfyve's role in the late endocytic/biosynthetic pathways. A subfraction of particulate PIKfyve resisted nonionic detergent treatment, implying association with cytoskeletal structures, previously found positive for key members of the insulin signaling cascade. Upon acute stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin or pervanadate, a portion of the cytosolic PIKfyve was recruited onto LDM, which was coupled with a commensurate increase of PIKfyve lipid kinase activity and an electrophoretic mobility shift. We suggest the recruited PIKfyve specifies the site and timing of phosphoinositide signals that are relevant to the acute insulin action.
Midwater food web in the vicinity of a marginal ice zone in the western Weddell Sea

Abstract The structure of the food web in the vicinity of a marginal ice zone was investigated in the western Weddell Sea during austral autumn 1986. The diets of 40 species of zooplankton and micronekton occurring in the epipelagic zone were examined and compared using non-hierarchical clustering procedures. Over half the species were in three clusters of predominantly small-particle (phytoplankton; protozoans) grazers. These included biomass dominants Calanoides acutus, Calanus propinquus, Metridia gerlachei and Salpa thompsoni. Six clusters contained omnivores that had diets consisting of small particles as well as a substantial fraction of metazoan food. Among these was Euphausia superba. Seven groups were carnivorous, including species of copepods (1), chaetognaths (3), and fishes (5). Copepods were the most frequent food of carnivores; however krill also were important in the diets of three fish species. Among small-particle grazers, phytoplankton occurred more frequently in guts of individuals from open water; carnivory was more in evidence in samples collected under the pack ice. Regional comparisons of material taken on this and several previous cruises indicate that, in most of the dominant species, diets remain relatively consistent with respect to major food categories. Seasonal impact on feeding dynamics appears to be great: the guts of grazing species were generally much more full (visual evidence) during summer bloom conditions than during the autumn. The following trophic sequence is suggested for grazing zooplankton species in ice-covered regions of the Antarctic: (1) Active small-particle grazing during the summer bloom period; (2) reduced ingestion rates in autumn as primary production declines and the system becomes more oligotrophic, with some species augmenting grazing with carnivory; (3) descent of zooplankton biomass species into the mesopelagic zone in late autumn-early winter with feeding largely terminated. The sequence applies to the dominant zooplankton biomass species. Feeding dynamics and vertical distribution of several of the important larger sized grazing species, such as Euphausia superba and Salpa thompsoni, remain largely unknown
Nursing Students' Perceptions of Infant Attractiveness

The current study examined the effects of infant gender, birth status, parental SES, and nursing students’ level of experience on perceptions of attractiveness. Eighty-five nursing students rated perceived attractiveness of an infant based on a hypothetical description of that infant. Participants estimated the amount of time they would spend caring for that infant. Normal birth status males were perceived to be more attractive than their very low birth status counterparts. Least experienced students spent significantly less time with the infant (regardless of birth status) than median experienced students. Both infant health and nursing student experience level impacted reported amount of time spent with the target infant.
Prediction of job satisfactoriness for workers with severe handicaps from aptitudes, personality, and training ratings

The predictive validity of General Aptitude Test Battery and Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire scores were compared to standard training ratings made by vocational instructors against the criterion of work performance measured by the Minnesota Satisfactoriness Scales for a sample of 106 employees with severe handicaps. The psychometric test variables were not correlated with the criterion; however, the training ratings were consistently predictive of the job satisfactoriness scores. These results suggest that the employment potential of job applicants with disabilities can be assessed more accurately using situational training ratings, as opposed to standardized psychometric test scores.