cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intensity Relations in the Spectra of Titanium-III Intensities in Super-Multiplets of TI I.

Intensity measurements have been made on a complex super-multiplet of normal titanium, 5D′FG′–5H′GF′DP′, arising from the transition [(3d)24s] 4p–4d, parent term a4F′, and on a simple super-multiplet 5D′FG′–5F′ arising from the transition [(3d)24s] 4p–5s. The intensities of the latter have been found to be practically normal, the multiplet ratios being measured as 8.95:7.00:5.30, or within 6% of the theoretical values, with no self-reversal or excitation corrections needed. The complex super-multiplet has extremely anomalous intensities, as might be expected from the fact that it contains strong 5FH′ lines and that a number of lines allowed by the selection principles and usually of considerable intensity are found to be entirely missing in its multiplets. Very few lines have normal intensity ratios to one another, and in no individual multiplet is the Sum Rule fulfilled. In the super-multiplet as a whole the fulfillment of the Sum Rule is only slightly better; the average deviation of the sums from the mean is about 15%, after an excitation correction corresponding to 2080°A for the temperature of the emitting arc has been applied. No other temperature will furnish a correction making the deviation appreciably less. Kronig’s formulas for the relative intensities of the nine multiplets hold only roughly. The measurements were made rather difficult by the relative weakness of the lines and by the presence of Cyanogen bands in their neighborhood, but results from a number of sets of plates showed very good agreement, and it is believed that the average final error is considerably under 10%.
Predictors of Using a Microbicide-Like Product among Adolescent Girls

Purpose This study examined demographic, sexual history and weekly contextual variables, and perceptions about microbicides as predictors of microbicide-like product use.
Personal monitoring of air pollution exposures

Abstract In industrial hygiene and health physics the goal has been to protect the health of the individual. Therefore monitoring the exposure people actually receive has been the principal concern. In regulating public exposures to air pollution, the focus has been much different. Recently, use of personal monitors and alternative means of estimating actual exposures has expanded rapidly. The role of personal monitors in epidemiology, exposure studies, and in supplementing the existing fixed station monitoring network for establishing trends and for regulatory purposes is discussed. The implications for air quality standards in recent findings of personal and indoor exposures is considered. New developments that are needed, and those that are not needed, are outlined.
Can intraoperative thrombolytic therapy assist with the management of acute limb ischemia

Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy is a well-accepted treatment modality for acute arterial and graft occlusion, but intraoperative use of plasminogen activators as an adjunct to operative thrombectomy or thromboembolectomy is frequently overlooked by vascular surgeons. Evidence exists that intraoperative intraarterial infusion of lytic agents is safe and is accompanied by breakdown of distal thrombus. This article describes the rationale for intraoperative thrombolysis, reviews the evidence supporting its use, and suggests several technical approaches to incorporating lytic therapy intraoperatively.
Pars plana vitrectomy for refractory diabetic macular edema.

Objective. The aim of this study is to describe the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for refractory diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods. Review of the relevant peer-reviewed scientific literature identified using Medline. Main Outcome Measures. The anatomical and functional outcome of surgery. Results. Vitrectomy with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling can be beneficial for the treatment of DME that is resistant to laser photocoagulation or sub-Tenon’s steroid injection. Visual improvement has been reported in ~40–90% of patients, with ~85–100% experiencing either improvement or stabilization of vision. Retinal edema decreases or resolves in ~70–100% of patients. Complications range in severity with ~5–20% of patients developing peripheral retinal breaks, ~1–2% developing retinal detachment, ~2% developing macular hole, and ~10–60% developing cataract. Severe complications such as rubeosis iridis and the fibrinoid syndrome have also been reported. Conclusion. Pars plana vitrectomy...
Comparison of the fates of Ag-B locus compatible homografts of skin and hearts in inbred rats.

TISSUES and organs are not all equally vulnerable to transplantation immunity. Renal homografts sometimes succeed in conditions in which homografts of skin would have failed1 and there is suggestive evidence that liver grafts may be less exacting in their genetical requirements than those of kidney, especially in pigs2. A few reports during the early days of human cardiac transplantation prompted speculation that this organ might be superior to kidney with regard to its capacity to override histoincompatibility barriers. It was suggested that: (1) because the heart is essentially a muscular pump, without complex metabolic functions, it might be less vulnerable to immunological insult than kidney; and (2) being composed chiefly of muscle and devoid of epithelial components, hearts might be “less antigenic” than organs with large amounts of epitheial tissue such as kidneys.
Synthesis of ovulating hormone in organ culture.

Adult female rat medial basal hypothalami (MBH) from the first and second days of diestrus, early and late proestrus and estrus of the estrous cycle were incubated with 25-day-old female rat pituitary explants in organ culture. At the end of 5 days the pituitary tissue was homogenized in the culture medium and the supernatant bioassayed for ovulating hormone (OH) activity in the PMS-primed immature female rat. The number of ova released was considered an index of OH potency. The pituitarytissue plus media from cultures containing MBH of adult female rats in the second day of diestrus and early and late proestrus induced the release of significantly more ova per rat than media from 25-day pituitary cultured alone or noncultured pituitary. It is concluded that the MBH of the adult female rat in the second day of diestrus and early and late proestrus of the estrous cycle is capable of stimulating synthesis of OH by the 25-day female rat anterior pituitary in organ culture. (Endocrinology 84: 778, 1969)
Influence of surfactant tail branching and organization on the orientation of liquid crystals at aqueous-liquid crystal interfaces.

We have examined the influence of two aspects of surfactant structuretail branching and tail organizationon the orientational ordering (so-called anchoring) of water-immiscible, thermotropic liquid...
A novel method for the detection of viable human pancreatic beta cells by flow cytometry using fluorophores that selectively detect labile zinc, mitochondrial membrane potential and protein thiols

Improvement over current methods of beta cell viability assessment is highly warranted in order to efficiently predict the viability and function of beta cells prior to transplantation into type 1 diabetes patients. Dispersed human islet cells were stained with the cell-permeable zinc-selective dye, FluoZin-3-AM, along with the mitochondrial membrane potential indicator [(tetramethylrhodamine ethylester (TMRE)] and the thiol-binding dye, monochlorobimane (mBcl), and analyzed by flow cytometry. Islets were subjected to various experimental conditions to validate the usefulness of this method to accurately determine the viability and function of beta cells. Staining with FluoZin-3 revealed the presence of higher amounts of chelatable zinc ions in beta cells than in lymphoid cells and fibroblasts. An intracellular zinc chelator competitively inhibited the binding of FluoZin-3 to zinc ions. Mitochondrial depolarization or oxidative stress minimally affected the binding of mBcl and FluoZin-3, respectively, to thiols and zinc ions. The combination of FluoZin-3, TMRE, and mBcl was sufficient and necessary for the determination of the viability and function of beta cells. The data demonstrate the usefulness of the zinc-specific dye and the indicators of mitochondrial function and thiol levels, to accurately estimate the beta cell viability and function. This novel flow cytometry method has implications for islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes patients.
Electronic structure of chemically-delithiated LiCoO2 studied by electron energy-loss spectrometry

The electronic structure of chemically delithiated Li_(1-x)CoO_2 (x = −0.02, 0.09, 0.12, 0.20, and 0.28) was investigated by electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS). The O K edge and Co L_(2,3) edge were used to probe the density of unoccupied states around the O and Co ions at different states of lithiation. The O ions accommodate the incoming charge during Li intercalation. The net electron density surrounding the Co ions is less affected. This is in substantial agreement with prior electronic structure calculations of Van der Ven, et al., whose atomic structure data were used in the present calculations of EELS cross-sections. Calculations of the O 2p partial densities of state curves confirm the increase in unoccupied states that accompany Li extraction.
Saccharide composition of extracellular polymers produced by soil microorganisms

Microorganisms vary widely in their ability to produce extracellular polymers (ECPs). The saccharide composition of ECPs (water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions) obtained from three soil Pseudomonas strains was compared to the saccharide composition of ECPs of Arthrobacter viscosus. Azotobacter indicus. Bacillus sublilus, Chromobacterium violaceum, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hansenula holstii and Mucor rouxii. The saccharide composition of the ECPs ranged from two homopolysaccharides (B. subtilus: H. holstii) composed of 770 and 930 mg saccharides g−1 ECP organic C, respectively, to heteropolysaccharides (Pseudomonas strains) consisting of < 30 mg saccharides g−1 ECP organic C. The saccharide composition of the water-insoluble ECPs obtained from the Pseudomonas strains was independent of the saccharides added to the growth medium as a C and energy source. Glycoproteins were the major constituents of the water-insoluble Pseudomonas ECPs ranging from 315 to 510mg protein g−1 ECP. Those ECPs contained active fractions of acid and alkaline phosphatase. invertase. urease and β-glucosidase. Electron photomicrographs revealed massive excretion of ECPs possibly functioning in colonization and protection of exoenzymes.
Perspectives on the risk assessment for nongenotoxic carcinogens and tumor promoters.

The issue of risk assessment for carcinogens that appear to act via nongenotoxic mechanisms or at the tumor promotion stage, respectively, is discussed in light of current information on biological...
polyethylene glycol conjugated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) inhibits growth of breast cancer in athymic mice

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-1 (BP-1) inhibits IGF-mediated proliferation of some breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Here we examined whether recombinant human wild-type IGFBP-1 (WT-BP-1) and IGFBP-1 conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG-BP-1) could inhibit breast cancer growth. Three breast cancer cell lines were used: MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435A (ascites model). The cells were grown in agar with or without the BP-1 conjugates to investigate their effect on colony formation. Both WT-BP-1 and PEG-BP-1 inhibited anchorage-independent growth (AIG) of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435A cells. AIG of MDA-MB-231 cells was not inhibited by PEG-BP-1, whereas WT-BP-1 significantly stimulated colony number. We also tested both forms of BP-1 in xenograft tumour models. Two solid breast tumour models were studied using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, and one ascites model using the MDA-MB-435A cell line. PEG-BP-1 inhibited malignant ascites formation in the MDA-MB-435A model. Conversely, PEG-BP-1 did not significantly inhibit MCF-7 xenograft growth. However, the MDA-MB-231 tumour growth curves were significantly different by a constant amount, suggesting that PEG-BP-1 treatment inhibited early tumour growth of this cell line. In contrast, WT-BP-1 was ineffective in the MDA-MB-231 tumours. These data show that anti-IGF strategies can be used to inhibit breast cancer cell growth. Since PEG-BP-1 inhibited the in vivo, but not in vitro, growth of MDA-MB-231, we speculate that PEG-BP-1 may block host IGF functions required for optimal tumorigenesis. Because PEG-BP-1 has a prolonged serum half-life compared to WT-BP-1, we conclude that improvements in BP-1 pharmacological properties enhanced its antitumour effects in vivo.
Automated system for the analysis of muscle and nerve biopsies.

An automated system has been developed for morphometric analysis of muscle and nerve fibers as seen in routine biopsy tissue preparations. This system, which is suitable both for research and clinical applications, is now in routine use at New England Medical Center Hospital. It is designed around commonly available hardware and uses our own custom software. Special sample preparation is not required, and the system will process almost any biopsy that is free from obvious artifact and suitable for manual assessment. In a typical biopsy, the system provides nearly full automation for the edge (boundary) determination of over 90% of the fibers encountered. An efficient, interactive mode allows for rapid analysis of the remaining 10%. Once fiber boundaries are determined, the system provides fully automatic measurement of the usual parameters such as fiber diameter, as well as a number of parameters not routinely measured with existing manual techniques. Typical analysis times are 35 min for muscle and 2 h for nerve. Complete report generation is provided, with hardcopy available in the pathologist's office. This paper describes the operational aspects of the use of the automated analysis system in routine biopsy work.
How does the retroperitoneoscopic approach to living-donor nephrectomy compare with the standard open procedure?

How does the retroperitoneoscopic approach to living-donor nephrectomy compare with the standard open procedure?
Theoretical study of the (H2O)6 cluster

Abstract MP2 calculations are performed on selected structures of (H2O)6. A prism-like structure is predicted to be lowest in energy, but three other structures are found to lie energetically within 0.3 kcal/mol of this structure. The S6 hexagonal structure is predicted to lie 0.5–1.0 kcal/mol higher in energy.
Failure to replicate the Mehta and Zhu (2009) color-priming effect on anagram solution times

Mehta and Zhu (Science, 323, 1226–1229, 2009) hypothesized that the color red induces avoidance motivation and that the color blue induces approach motivation. In one experiment, they reported that anagrams of avoidance motivation words were solved more quickly on red backgrounds and that approach motivation anagrams were solved more quickly on blue backgrounds. Reported here is a direct replication of that experiment, using the same anagrams, instructions, and colors, with more than triple the number of participants used in the original study. The results did not show the Mehta and Zhu color-priming effects, even though statistical power was sufficient to detect the effect. The results call into question the existence of their color-priming effect on the solution of anagrams.
Teachers' Stress and Coping Strategies in a Fundamentalist Christian School

A nine-month ethnography of a K-12 fundamentalist Christian school focussed on stress as a central element in the lives of teachers. In addition to elements of stress typically found in public schools, the teachers encountered additional complicating factors which influenced how the stress elements were experienced. Features of the fundamentalist Christian experience provided the teachers a unique method of coping with the dilemma of maintaining religious fervor and spiritual commitment in a highly stressful work environment.
Simulation of Dynamic Contact Problems in Parachute Systems

Contact phenomena are commonly observed in the operation of parachute systems. The effect of contact on parachute system performance is poorly understood and difficult to study experimentally. Computer simulations can provide an alternate method to evaluate these problems. In this paper, simulations of typical parachute contact phenomena are performed to evaluate the robustness of a previously developed structural model for modeling such problems. The structural model is based on a geometrically-nonlinear transient finite element formulation for membranes and cables that undergo large displacements and rotations and potentially “wrinkle” due to loss of tension. This model has been implemented in a parallel finite element code and is used with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code to perform fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of parachute systems. In this paper, the inclusion of contact algorithms in this structural model is evaluated by performing simulations of parachute inflation, a parachute cluster, and an inflated parachute impacted by a foreign object. In these simulations, the structural model is used with prescribed pressures, which is considered to be a prerequisite to performing fully coupled FSI simulations of parachute systems with contact.
The Adenovirus E4orf6 Protein Inhibits DNA Double Strand Break Repair and Radiosensitizes Human Tumor Cells in an E1B-55K-independent Manner

The adenoviral protein E4orf6 has been shown to inhibit both in vitro V(D)J recombination and adenoviral DNA concatenation, two processes that rely on cellular DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) proteins. Most of the known activities of E4orf6 during adenoviral infection require its interaction with another adenoviral protein, E1B-55K. Here we report that E4orf6, stably expressed in RKO human colorectal carcinoma cells or transiently expressed by adenoviral vector in U251 human glioblastoma cells, inhibits DSBR and induces significant radiosensitization in the absence of E1B-55K. Expression of a mutant form of E4orf6 (L245P) failed to radiosensitize RKO cells. E4orf6 reduced DSBR capacity in transfected and infected cells, as measured by sublethal DNA damage repair assay and phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) levels, respectively. Consistent with the inhibitory effect of E4orf6 on DSBR, expression of wild-type but not mutant E4orf6 reduced recovery of a transfected, replicating reporter plasmid (pSP189) in 293 cells but did not increase the mutation frequency measured in the reporter plasmid. The kinase activity of DNA-PKcs (the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit) toward heterologous substrates was not affected by expression of E4orf6; however, autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at Thr-2609 following ionizing radiation was prolonged in the presence of E4orf6 when compared with control-infected cells. Our results demonstrate for the first time that E4orf6 expression hinders the cellular DNA repair process in mammalian cells in the absence of E1B-55K or other adenoviral genes and suggest that viral-mediated delivery of E4orf6, combined with localized external beam radiation, could be a useful approach for the treatment of radioresistant solid tumors such as glioblastomas.
A novel first-principles approach to effective Hamiltonians for high Tc superconducting cuprates

We report our recent progress of deriving the low-energy effective one-band Hamiltonians for the prototypical cuprate superconductor Ca2CuO2Cl2, based on a newly developed first-principles Wannier-states approach that takes into account large on-site Coulomb repulsion. The apical atom pz state is found to affect the general properties of the low-energy hole state, namely the Zhang-Rice singlet, via additional intra-sublattice hoppings, nearest-neighbor 'super-repulsion,' and other microscopic many-body processes.
Synthesis of acid protease from Mucor miehei: integration of production and recovery

Abstract The production of acid protease from Mucor Miehei was repressed by amino acid additions (3·5–5·0 g/litre) from hydrolysed casein. The integration of the batch bioprocess with an ultrafiltration unit proved effective in depressing enzyme production. A hollow fibre ultrafilter with a 5000 MW cutoff was used to reduce the concentration of amino acids present in the medium after enzyme concentration began to decline. Volume concentrating ratio (VCR) values of 2 and 3 were used for the experiments. Increases as high as 25% in enzyme concentration were achieved.
THE METABOLISM OF RETINOIC ACID TO 5,6-EPOXYRETINOIC ACID, RETINOYL-β-GLUCURONIDE, AND OTHER POLAR METABOLITES*

A description of the enzyme that produces 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid from all-trans-retinoic acid has been presented. This enzyme system is found in highest concentrations in the kidney followed by intestine, liver and spleen. The enzyme requires molecular oxygen, magnesium ions, ATP, and NADPH. In the kidney, it is found in the mitochondrial and microsomal fractions and has a Michaelis constant of 3.2 X 10(-6) M and 3.7 X 10(-6) M for 13-cis and all-trans-retinoic acid, respectively. The resultant product, 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid, has minimal activity in supporting growth of vitamin A-deficient rats, its activity estimated to be 0.5% that of retinoic acid. An investigation of the biliary excretion products of tritiated retinoic acid has revealed several unknown metabolites. A glucuronidase sensitive metabolite from these products has been isolated and identified as retinoyl-beta-glucuronide by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry and mass spectrometry. The retinoyl-beta-glucuronide originally discovered by Olson and collaborators accounts for only 12% of the total excreted biliary products of retinoic acid. At least four to six major unknown retinoic acid metabolites, in addition to retinoyl-beta-glucuronide, have been detected and will shortly be identified.
Abstract 2008: Genomic medicine using NexGen sequencing to personalized treatment of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC).

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background: ADCC is a form of cancer usually originating from saliva gland. The standard treatment is surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation if indicated. Cases of metastatic disease can behave indolently but ultimately can be fatal and there is no effective therapy. We present the results of NexGen sequencing of a 41yo caucasian female diagnosed with ADCC in 2003 who subsequently developed recurrence in 2005 and pulmonary metastases in 2006. She was treated with multiple agents including radiation. She had further progression with increase dyspnea in 2012. Commercial profiling by Caris Biosciences found expression of VEGFR, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. She was treated with Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor of the VEGFR, PDGFR, and BRAF without improvement, and she developed further dyspnea requiring oxygen. We performed NexGen sequencing of a biopsied metastatic lesion to identify somatic mutations and to determine if any targeted agent would be of further benefit. Results: NextGen sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from formalin-fixed tumor biopsy sample. Blood DNA served as control. Using Illumina TruSeq Exome Enrichment kit, 100 bp paired-end sequencing was performed on the tumor and normal exomes. Resulting sequences were mapped to the Human Reference Genome (hg19) using two bioinformatics workflows: CLC Genomics Workbench and BWA/GATK. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (INDELs) were separately characterized for normal and tumor exomes. Finally, germline variants (SNVs and INDELs) were subtracted to identify putative somatic mutations in tumor exome. Concensus somatic mutations were obtained from CLC and BWA/GATK workflows. A total of 569 non-synonymous mutations and 35 stopgain mutations were observed in the tumor exome. Mutations in BRCA2, IGF1R, KDR, MTOR, TP63, XPC, RAD17, MLH1, and PTEN were observed in the tumor exome. Mutations in the components of kinase-mediated signaling (IGF1R, KDR, MTOR, PTEN) are potential targets of kinase and mTOR inhibitors whereas mutations in the DNA repair pathways (TP63, XPC, RAD17, MLH1) may be targeted with DNA alkylating agents. The result indicates that patient's tumor harbor several mutations that can be targeted by available cancer drugs. Conclusions: We found several mutated molecular pathways that can be targeted with available agents using exome sequencing. Improvement in outcome could validate the role of exome sequencing in treatment selection of advanced cancers without standard therapy. Citation Format: Chao H. Huang, Yen Hoang, Kay Minn, Andrew Godwin, Jeremy Chien. Genomic medicine using NexGen sequencing to personalized treatment of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2008. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2008
Recollections of Charlie: Dr. Charles Alderson Janeway, Jr. (1943-2003)

“…one should always attempt to construct an internal image of the universe of knowledge, and then ask if a given publication can, in any significant way, modify that image” - Charles A. Janeway, Jr. (Presidential Address, AAI, 1998) ![Figure][1] Dr. Charles Alderson Janeway, Jr. (
Women misdemeanants in the allegheny county jail 1892–1923

Abstract Data from a sample of records in the 1892–1923 Daybooks of the Allegheny County (Pittsburg) Jail were used to trace the patterns of incarceration of women for summary misdemeanors. When combined with census data for the period, these data show that Irish and African-American women were incarcerated at substantially higher rates than were other ethnic groups. The proportions of immigrants incarcerated declined over the period. The characteristics of women incarcerated during the depression year of 1907 differed substantially from the patterns observed in other years. The incarceration rates did not fluctuate substantially from day to day; they appeared to represent routine handling of disreputable individuals rather than sporadic, politically motivated sweeps.
Serious pathology in people presenting to primary care with acute low back pain is rare (0.9%), but high false-positive rates for some ‘red flags’ may limit their diagnostic value

Commentary on: N Henschke, CG Maher, KM Refshauge, et al.. Prevalence of and screening for serious spinal pathology in patients presenting to primary care settings with acute low back pain. Arthritis Rheum2009;60:3072–80.
Autoantibodies from vasectomized guinea pigs inhibit fertilization in vitro

Immunoglobulin G and Fab antibodies were isolated from the serum of vasectomized guinea pigs, and the effects of the antibodies on fertilization in vitro were investigated. These antibodies had profound inhibitory effects on (i) sperm-to-sperm adhesion, (ii) the acrosome reaction, (iii) sperm-zona binding, and (iv) sperm-ovum fusion. This finding may explain certain cases of infertility after vasovasostomy in men.
Ethanol enhancement of ligand-stimulated cAMP production by cultured human placental trophoblasts

Abstract Chronic ethanol (EtOH) use during pregnancy can be associated with fetal injury including the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A contributing factor in this fetal injury may be the effect of EtOH on the placenta.In this study, we have examined the effect of in vitro EtOH treatment on adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production by cultured trophoblasts, in response to various ligands. Epinephrine (10 −6 M) rapidly stimulated cAMP with a peak between 2.5 and 5 min, which gradually returned to basal levels over 3–4 hr. EtOH treatment for >16 hr resulted in an up-regulation of epinephrine-stimulated cAMP production. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase with Rolipram® enhanced the effect of EtOH on cAMP production, suggesting that the effect of EtOH treatment was not due to phosphodiesterase inhibition. In cultured trophoblasts. EtOH treatment increased both epinephrine and 16,16′-dimethylprostaglandin E 2 (dm-PGE 2 )-dependent cAMP production at varying ligand concentrations, suggesting an increased capacity to respond. When trophoblasts were treated with forskolin, a stimulator of adenylyl cyclase, cAMP production was enhanced in EtOH-treated cells. This suggests that EtOH treatment enhances adenylyl cyclase activity in these intact, cultured cells. Unlike trophoblasts from term human placenta. JAR choriocarcinoma cells did not respond to epinephrine, adenosine, or dm-PGE 2 . The choriocarcinoma cells appeared to have lost the ability to respond to these ligands. Although the JAR cell adenylyl cyclase was stimulated by forskolin, EtOH treatment did not alter forskolin-stimulated cAMP production. In summary, EtOH-induced up-regulation of cAMP production appears to be cell specific, being present in normal human trophoblasts bu not in undifferentiated choriocarcinoma cells.
The naris muscles in tiger salamander. II. Innervation as revealed by enzyme histochemistry and immunocytochemistry

The naris muscles control the aperature of the external naris in tiger salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum, and may contribute to glandular secretion. Autonomic neurons of the palatine ganglion and possibly neurons associated with the nervus terminalis innervate these muscles. To elucidate the neural control of the naris muscles, neurotransmitters in nerve fibers supplying the naris muscles and in neurons of the palatine ganglion were examined using acetylcholinesterase enzyme histochemistry and immunocytochemistry to visualize possible peptide candidates for muscle innervation. The naris muscles, autonomic neurons, and associated nerve fascicles demonstrated strong acetylcholinesterase labeling, and the muscles were innervated by substance P fibers passing through the palatine ganglion from the trigeminal ganglion. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and molluscan cardioexcitatory peptide-like immunoreactivities were found in secretory cell bodies and/or fibers in the palatine ganglion, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone was found in fiber projection pathways into the muscles. Vasoactive intestinal peptide was found in cell bodies and fibers of the palatine ganglion but appeared to provide a sparse innervation to the naris dilator muscle only. These findings suggest a typical autonomic cholinergic and sensory innervation of the naris muscles with some variations in peptide innervation. The presence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in palatine ganglion and naris constrictor muscle suggests a potential modulation of autonomic neurons and perhaps even muscle fibers by this neuropeptide. We hypothesize that this reproductive hormone may modulate the activity of the naris constrictor muscle during reproductively appropriate events in order to provide access of pheromones to the vomeronasal organ.
Recursive Formulas for the Evaluation of the Convolutions Integral

Recursive formulas for the numerical evaluation of the real convolution integral are derived for the case in which the impulse response is given analytically. These formulas require considerably less computation time and memory space than the general time series formulas and can be effectively applied for digital simulation of continuous physical systems.
Natural Infection of Germfree Rats with Mycoplasma pulmonis

found to be a reliable and sensitive method for detection of the infection in the live rat. The isolations of M. pulmonis were correlated with typical lesions in the respiratory tract and middle ears. Uterine infection was found in 27% of the infected, germfree female rats. M. pulmonis was also cultured from each of 39 conventionally raised rats but from none of 47 cesarean-derived, barrier-maintained rats, all of the same stock as the germfree rats. The data suggest that the infection was introduced into the germfree isolators via the infected uterus and that neither vertical nor horizontal transmission, in the absence of other microorganisms, is a likely event. Hysterectomy of the pregnant rat at term and rearing of the young in a controlled environment are key features of the mass production of pathogenfree rats. Rats so derived and maintained in isolators according to established procedures [1] are commonly referred to as "germfree"' (GF), provided the environment in the isolator (food, water, bedding, feces, etc.) remains free of bacteria and fungi [2]. Detailed cultural study of the GF status of the rat per se appears to be limited. In at least one major laboratory where an extensive search was made, no microbial agent was detected in GF rats [3]. The viruses of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, murine mammary tumor, and murine leukemia have been found, however, in GF mice [4], and all GF mice are believed to be infected with murine leukemia
Validity of the Overcontrolled/Undercontrolled Typology Usage on Criminal Psychiatric Patients

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and an information questionnaire were administered to 110 male forensic psychiatric patients at a state hospital. Patients were divided into e...
Percussive digging systems for robotic exploration and excavation of planetary and lunar regolith

A percussive digging system has been demonstrated to decrease the amount of downforce needed to penetrate a given soil, thus reducing the required reaction loads and robot mass. Preliminary testing of a percussive digging system in compacted lunar regolith simulant, JSC-1A, has demonstrated a 15x (fifteen times) reduction in the downforce necessary to penetrate the regolith. Downforce reductions of this magnitude are sufficient to enable robotic exploration system architectures that would not otherwise be feasible.
Moving Personality Beyond the Person-Situation Debate The Challenge and the Opportunity of Within-Person Variability

The person-situation debate is coming to an end because both sides of the debate have turned out to be right. With respect to momentary behaviors, the situation side is right: Traits do not predict, describe, or influence behavior very strongly; the typical individual's behavior is highly variable; and a process approach is needed to explain that variability. With respect to trends (e.g., a person's typical way of acting), however, the person side of the debate is right: Traits predict and describe behavior very well over long stretches of time, behavior is highly stable, and a trait approach is needed to explain differences between people. Thus, proponents of both sides are right and should continue to conduct fruitful research, and both viewpoints are necessary for a full understanding of personality. The next exciting steps in personality psychology will include integrating these two approaches in the same research paradigm.
Ochratoxin a: Its Cancer Risk and Potential for Exposure

Ochratoxin A (OA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin known to contaminate a variety of foods and beverages. The cancer risk posed by OA was reviewed as relevant to human exposure, regulatory activities, and risk management efforts occurring worldwide, particularly in Europe. OA moves through the food chain and has been found in the tissues and organs of animals, including human blood and breast milk. Results from the National Toxicology Program's rodent bioassays show significantly increased incidence of mammary gland tumors in female rats and kidney tumors in male and female rats given OA orally. Liver tumors in female mice fed OA in the diet have also been observed. In humans, OA exposure has been most often associated with the kidney disease Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), symptoms of which include tumors of the kidney and urinary tract. No epidemiological studies have yet adequately evaluated the cancer risk of OA in human populations. Studies have shown OA to be genotoxic as well as immunotoxic, al...
Algorithm for automatic atmospheric corrections to visible and near-IR satellite imagery

An algorithm for automatic atmospheric correction of satellite imagery of the earth's surface is proposed which is applicable to low-resolution and high-resolution imagery of land areas. The algorithm is based on the satellite image being corrected and on the climatology of the area, and it requires that some pixels in the image correspond to dense dark vegetation as the surface cover. The algorithm is sensitive to the assumed reflectance of the dense dark vegetation, and the accuracy of the corrected surface reflectance is expected to be + or - 0.01. Using the method, aerosol optical thicknesses were derived from clear and hazy Landsat MSS images in the Washington, D.C. and Chesapeake Bay region, and the results are found to agree well with simultaneous sunphotometer ground measurements.
Morphogenetic movements and fate map of the cypriniform teleost, Catostomus commersoni (lacepede)

The morphogenetic movements of Catostomus commersoni have been charted from the onset of epiboly to the envelopment of the yolk, by means of chalk markers implanted among the moving blastomeres. A fate map has been worked out for the late cleavage stage just before start of the patterned movements. Results from this species are compared with those for Salmo gairdneri which is a member of a different superorder and is the only other teleost for which the morphogenetic movements are known in detail. Eggs of the two species differ markedly in size, yolk content, and rates of cell movement, but they accomplish the assemblage of their organ systems in the same general way, with no more differences than are known within the group of urodeles, or of anura. Their fate maps are three-dimensional and closely alike, and markedly different from those of other vertebrates, even of chondrostean fishes. The uniquely teleostean combination of features includes the early bipolar differentiation, the enclosure of the liquid yolk in a syncytial layer, the nonparticipation of the precociously formed surface epithelium in major organ formation, and the three-dimensional sorting out of the germ layers by different tendencies of cell migration associated with blastomeres lying at different depths in the early blastodisc, as well as other wellknown peculiarities of organogenesis. The question remains whether all teleosts follow the path of Salmo and Catostomus, but these two point to major innovations in early embryonic development at some time during teleostean evolution.
Use of Honeydew Production to Determine Reduction in Feeding by Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults When Exposed to Cyantraniliprole and Imidacloprid Treatments

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) whitefly populations produce economically important damage to crops by their direct feeding and also by transmitting plant viruses. Although there are several methods to reduce B. tabaci damage, most growers rely on the use of insecticides to decrease populations of this pest. Insecticides that reduce feeding of whitefly adults may also reduce the transmission of viruses that are harmful to crop plants. However, demonstrating the feeding reduction has proved challenging. In this study, water-sensitive paper was used to determine whitefly adult feeding, indirectly through honeydew production, when insects were placed on insecticide-treated and untreated plants. Plant treatments with two formulations of cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) showed a reduction in the amount of honeydew produced by B. tabaci adults equivalent to imidacloprid. The reduction in the amount of honeydew produced indicates reduced insect feeding and the possibility for a reduction in virus transmission. Plant treatments with two formulations of cyantraniliprole also resulted in higher mortality than imidacloprid.
SURVIVAL KINETICS OF HELA S-3 CELLS AFTER INCORPORATION OF 3H-THYMIDINE OR 3H-URIDINE.

SummaryThe survival kinetics of mammalian tissue-culture cells containing tritium-labelled nucleosides have been studied. HeLa S-3 cells were allowed to incorporate various amounts of 3H-thymidine or 3H-uridine into their DNA or RNA. Due to the short mean free path of the tritium-decay β-ray, incorporation of 3H-thymidine irradiates mainly the nucleus, while most of the radiation from the 3H-uridine is absorbed by the cytoplasm. A model which takes into account the persistence of β-radiation from the labelled nucleic acids and the dose-rate reduction due to cell-division was constructed for the expected survival kinetics. The experimental data were fitted to this model by means of a digital computer. It was found that the ‘hit number’ was not significantly different from the values previously reported for x-rays. It was concluded that all the cell-killing seen can be accounted for by the β-radiation to which the cell is exposed.
On the convexity of ROC curves estimated from radiological test results.

Rationale and Objectives Although an ideal observer's receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve must be convex—ie, its slope must decrease monotonically—published fits to empirical data often display “hooks.” Such fits sometimes are accepted on the basis of an argument that experiments are done with real, rather than ideal, observers. However, the fact that ideal observers must produce convex curves does not imply that convex curves describe only ideal observers. This article aims to identify the practical implications of nonconvex ROC curves and the conditions that can lead to empirical or fitted ROC curves that are not convex. Materials and Methods This article views nonconvex ROC curves from historical, theoretical, and statistical perspectives, which we describe briefly. We then consider population ROC curves with various shapes and analyze the types of medical decisions that they imply. Finally, we describe how sampling variability and curve-fitting algorithms can produce ROC curve estimates that include hooks. Results We show that hooks in population ROC curves imply the use of an irrational decision strategy, even when the curve does not cross the chance line, and therefore usually are untenable in medical settings. Moreover, we sketch a simple approach to improve any nonconvex ROC curve by adding statistical variation to the decision process. Finally, we sketch how to test whether hooks present in ROC data are likely to have been caused by chance alone and how some hooked ROCs found in the literature can be easily explained as fitting artifacts or modeling issues. Conclusion In general, ROC curve fits that show hooks should be looked on with suspicion unless other arguments justify their presence.
“SimWars”: A Multispecialty Simulation Competition to Improve Learning

Abstract The unique characteristics of Millennial nursing students require nursing faculty to develop innovative teaching strategies. The use of simulation in nursing education is one innovative approach. Furthermore, team-based simulation training is increasingly being used in hospitals and universities to train interprofessional health care teams. This article describes an innovative simulation competition, called "SimWars," developed by faculty in three nursing courses within a baccalaureate program: Nursing of Children, Nursing of the Childrearing Family, and Community Health, to foster team-based attitudes toward patient care.
Bayesian Learning of Non-Compositional Phrases with Synchronous Parsing

We combine the strengths of Bayesian modeling and synchronous grammar in unsupervised learning of basic translation phrase pairs. The structured space of a synchronous grammar is a natural fit for phrase pair probability estimation, though the search space can be prohibitively large. Therefore we explore efficient algorithms for pruning this space that lead to empirically effective results. Incorporating a sparse prior using Variational Bayes, biases the models toward generalizable, parsimonious parameter sets, leading to significant improvements in word alignment. This preference for sparse solutions together with effective pruning methods forms a phrase alignment regimen that produces better end-to-end translations than standard word alignment approaches.
Debriefing as a Strategic Tool for Performance Improvement

In 2009, two large, West Coast perinatal units began a performance improvement project for obstetric hemorrhage. In this article we discuss the use of structured team debriefings for obstetric hemorrhage cases to measure performance improvement. Lessons learned from debriefings can be vital in gauging if recommended interventions are effectively embedded into clinical practice. Improved outcomes for the project included a 33% decrease in massive transfusions and a 78% decrease in unplanned hysterectomies for one medical center.
Recommending routes in the context of bicycling: algorithms, evaluation, and the value of personalization

Users have come to rely on automated route finding services for driving, public transit, walking, and bicycling. Current state of the art route finding algorithms typically rely on objective factors like time and distance; they do not consider subjective preferences that also influence route quality. This paper addresses that need. We introduce a new framework for evaluating edge rating prediction techniques in transportation networks and use it to explore ten families of prediction algorithms in Cyclopath, a geographic wiki that provides route finding services for bicyclists. Overall, we find that personalized algorithms predict more accurately than non-personalized ones, and we identify two algorithms with low error and excellent coverage, one of which is simple enough to be implemented in thin clients like web browsers. These results suggest that routing systems can generate better routes by collecting and analyzing users' subjective preferences.
The effect of osmotic and ion-osmotic stresses on the blood and urine composition and urine flow of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

l. Changes in urine and plasma concentrations (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and total osmotic) and urine production were determined in fish exposed to various concentrations of an ionically active substance, sodium chloride, and a non-electrolyte, mannitol, as well as freshwater. 2. Responses occurred for the most part over a short crisis period preceeding establishment of new stable conditions. 3. It was shown that plasma homeostasis was not maintained in response to changing ion-osmotic and osmotic gradients. 4. Urinary osmotic and ionic concentrations were unaffected and urine production was shown to be inversely related to the external concentration. 5. It is suggested that ionic shifts between body compartments are an important aspect of ion-osmotic adaptation.
Dynamic analysis and design of robot manipulators using inertia ellipsoids

An analysis of robot arm dynamics and a graphical method of representing these dynamics suitable for computer aided design is presented. The inertia ellipsoid, which is used for graphically representing the mass properties of a single rigid body, is extended to a generalized ellipsoid for a series of rigid bodies such as a robot arm. By drawing the Generalized Inertia Ellipsoid (GIE) on a computer display, one can visualize the mass properties and dynamic behaviour of a robot manipulator. This method is applied to aid the design of a mechanical arm; the dimensions of the arm structure and its mass distribution are optimized on the basis of the evaluation of the arm dynamics displayed on a graphics terminal.