cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ranking of institutions and academic journals

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a selective review of literature and presents a conceptual framework in journal and institution rankings. Several streams of ranking literature are analyzed. Design/methodology/approach – The authors provide a conceptual framework to analyze the literature of journal and school ranking. Thus, several streams of ranking literature are analyzed to support the conceptual framework. Findings – Through the lens of a context-driven framework, the authors point to originality, utility, and timeliness as aspects that contribute to the recent increase of the ranking literature. Finally, the authors discuss other issues that arise within ranking due to subjective biases, institutional preferences and difficulties establishing weighting measurements, as well as the future direction of ranking. Research limitations/implications – The authors propose a context-based ranking framework to analyze rankings as factors that influence the environment may ultimately affect the usefulness of these rankings. It also implies that ranking of a journal or institution is a relative measure, as the context in which rankings are derived may change over time. Ultimately, the relative benchmarks used in the ranking will change as newer, more relevant metrics are developed. Originality/value – The conceptual framework is new and provides a useful benchmark to understand ranking of journals and school.
Comparison of CO2 laser laparoscopy with laparotomy for treatment of endometriomata

Objective To assess the effectiveness of laparoscopy versus laparotomy in the treatment of endometriomata. Design Controlled study using data prospectively tabulated. Setting Treatment performed by senior author in a referral reproductive endocrinology and surgery private practice. Patients One hundred infertile women were diagnosed with endometriomata. Intervention Forty-eight women were treated with CO2 laser laparoscopy (laparoscopy group) and 52 women were treated with CO2 laser or nonlaser laparotomy (laparotomy group). Main Outcome Measure The hypothesis that laparoscopy group pregnancy rates (PRs) would be equal to or greater than laparotomy group was formulated before data analysis but after data tabulation. Results The 1 and 3-year life table estimated cumulative PRs ± SE were 0.30 ± 0.07 and 0.52 ± 0.09 for laparoscopy group and 0.23 ± 0.06 and 0.46 ± 0.09 for laparotomy group (Breslow P = 0.48). Monthly fecundity over 3 years was 2.4% for laparoscopy group and 2.0% for laparotomy group. Conclusions Laparoscopy with CO2 laser can be a safe and effective modality for treating endometriomata.
Generation and screening of monoclonal antibodies for immunoPET of EphA2 in cancer

170 Objectives Eph receptor-ephrin signaling is heavily involved in cancer growth and progression. Due to their critical functions and widespread expression in various cancer types, Eph receptor (e.g. EphA2) targeted therapies have become an increasingly important cancer treatment regimen. The goal of this study was to develop an immunoPET tracer for imaging of EphA2 in cancer, which can provide invaluable insights into future optimization of EphA2-targeted therapies. Methods Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against human EphA2 were generated in BALB/c mice, which were screened in EphA2-positive CT-26 colorectal carcinoma cells using flow cytometry. The mAb production method we adopted could readily produce milligram quantities of anti-EphA2 mAbs for in vivo studies. One antibody clone (named as EphA2-mAb) with the highest affinity for EphA2 was selected and conjugated to NOTA for 64Cu-labeling. Receptor competition assays, PET imaging, biodistribution, and histological studies were performed to thoroughly investigate the specificity, tumor targeting efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of 64Cu-NOTA-EphA2-mAb. Results EphA2-mAb exhibited nanomolar affinity for cellular EphA2 on CT-26 cells, and NOTA conjugation did not compromise its EphA2 specificity/avidity based on flow cytometry. 64Cu-labeling was achieved with good yield (>50%) and high specific activity (>1 Ci/μmol). Serial PET imaging of tumor-bearing mice revealed that uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-EphA2-mAb was 9.2±0.9, 10.8±1.7, and 9.9±1.2 %ID/g in EphA2-positive CT-26 tumors at 4, 24, and 48 h post-injection, respectively (n=3), significantly higher than that in EphA2-negative A375 tumors ( Conclusions We have generated the EphA2-mAb de novo. Prominent, persistent, and EphA2-specific uptake of 64Cu-NOTA-EphA2-mAb in EphA2-positive tumors holds strong potential for future cancer diagnosis, patient stratification, and therapy using this or other anti-EphA2 mAbs in clinical development.
Role of Local Ablative Therapy in Patients with Oligometastatic and Oligoprogressive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Because of an improved understanding of lung cancer biology and improvement in systemic treatment, an oligometastatic state in which metastatic disease is present at a limited number of anatomic sites is being increasingly recognized. An oligoprogressive state, which is a similar but distinct entity, refers to disease progression at a limited number of anatomic sites, with continued response or stable disease at other sites of disease. Such an oligoprogressive state is best described in patients with NSCLC treated with molecular targeted therapy. Possible explanations for development of the oligoprogressive state include the presence of underlying clonal heterogeneity and extrinsic selection pressure due to the use of targeted therapy. Traditionally, local ablative therapy (LAT) has been limited to symptom palliation in patients with advanced NSCLC, but the presence of oligometastatic or oligoprogressive disease provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the role of LAT such as surgery, radiation therapy, radiofrequency ablation, or cryoablation. There is increasing evidence to support the clinical benefit of LAT in patients with NSCLC with limited metastatic disease and in selected individuals in whom resistance to targeted therapies develops. In the latter instance, adequate treatment of drug-resistant clones by LAT could potentially help in avoiding switching systemic therapy prematurely. This review focuses on the biology of oligometastatic and oligoprogressive NSCLC and describes the role of LAT in the treatment of these conditions.
A demonstration of adaptive weather-surveillance capabilities on the national weather radar testbed phased-array radar

This paper describes the latest adaptive scanning capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar located in Norman, OK. Focused observations, tailored observations, and the required scheduling algorithms are introduced, and their performance is illustrated with real-data examples. It is demonstrated that adaptive scanning for weather radars has the potential to reduce revisit times and to provide meteorological data that can aid in the forecaster's warning-decision process.
TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES WITH BIPHASIC INSULIN ANALOGUES

The majority of patients with Type 2 diabetes require insulin therapy for treating hyperglycaemia. There are several regimens available for insulin initiation and maintenance. Insulin analogues have been developed to mimic normal physiology as closely as possible. Biphasic analogues can target both fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia, with the added advantage of being premixed and thus convenient for the patient. A practical and feasible option is to initiate insulin with one or more biphasic preparations at mealtimes, thus providing both basal and prandial coverage. Individual titration of dose and frequency of daily injections with biphasic insulin preparations has the potential for improving glycaemic control with a high degree of patient acceptance. Drawbacks include a more rigid regimen, a relative lack of flexibility, and a somewhat higher degree of glycaemic variability and hypoglycaemia when compared to multiple daily basal-bolus injections. Awareness of the advantages and limitations of biphasic insulin analogues can assist clinicians in their appropriate use for the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Perceptions on the Diffusion and Adoption of SkillSoft®, an e-learning program: A Case Study of a Military Organization

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to better understand how the diffusion (spread) and adoption (acceptance) of SkillSoft® (an e-learning product) occurred among employees of one military organization and to distill individual perceptions regarding influences that affected the process. This case study focused on the process and its challenges. Relating personal perceptions of the process and how various categories of influences (personal, organizational, technological, mandated policy, change) may have affected the process in a military organization provides a unique account that has been lacking in the literature. The results of this case study resonate with earlier research by Rogers (1983), Weinstein (1981), Sherry (1997), and Schein (1985), which found that influences (personal, organizational and technological) can have a dynamic effect on the diffusion and adoption of an innovation such as SkillSoft®. The study findings revealed that interviewees preferred job related e-learning experiences which support prior research by Bonk and Wisher (2000), and research by Thomerson and Smith (1996) who found that change in the way training is delivered can have an effect on the individual’s willingness to adopt an e-learning program like SkillSoft®. The study augments previous findings by Berge, (1997) indicating that culture can be a barrier to the implementation of on-line learning. The findings illuminated that awareness of the organization’s environment (culture, mission, organization structure, decision-making process, communications channels, skills of employees), users’ requirements, as well as the product’s (SkillSoft®) fit with individual learning styles, are key elements to be considered when implementing an e-learning product in a military setting. Post Script With the acquisition of SMARTFORCE®, SkillSoft® Corporation was able to diversify its e-learning training opportunities (course library) to better meet the learning requirements of military personnel since the initiation of this case study. Currently the 2003 SkillSoft® SMARTFORCE® library of courses is available free of charge on-line and is enhancing the knowledge and skills of active duty, reserve military personnel and Department of Defense government civilians.
Parallels and Distinctions Between Clay Minerals and Zeolites

Abstract Zeolites and clay minerals, especially smectites, share many properties, including large cation exchange capacities; open, low-density structures; reversible hydration and dehydration; and their common fine-grained occurrence. The last 30 years saw a greatly increased realization of the importance of zeolites in natural systems. For example, the zeolites clinoptilolite/heulandite, laumontite, phillipsite, erionite, chabazite, mordenite, and analcime are now known to occur in large amounts throughout the world. In spite of the similarities between clay minerals and zeolites, large differences in their structures give rise to significant property distinctions. Clay minerals have two-dimensional layer structures, often disordered in the stacking direction, with weak bonding between individual layers. Exchangeable cations and water molecules occur between individual layers. In contrast, zeolites have three-dimensionally connected framework structures with large extra framework sites occupied by exchangeable cations and water molecules. The hydration state of both classes of minerals is directly dependent on the partial pressure of water (relative humidity) around the materials. Some clay minerals, such as smectites, can undergo essentially infinite swelling in water, a process known as osmotic swelling. In contrast, zeolites have a fixed upper hydration limit and undergo only limited structural expansion on hydration. Many of the properties related to hydration and dehydration of smectites are distinctly quantized or stepwise, as a result of hydration occurring in somewhat discrete ‘layers’ of water molecules. Although zeolite hydration is often much more regular, the nature of the bonding between water molecules, exchangeable cations, and the zeolite structure means that many zeolites contain water molecules with a range of very different energetics, giving rise to gradational, multi-step hydration behaviour. In addition, partially dehydrated zeolites can have very large hydration enthalpies, often on the order of two to three times the enthalpy of condensation of water, compared with values for smectite less than two times that of water. Thus, many natural zeolites, more so than clay minerals, have the potential to be hydrated in environments with very low water activities. The large structural changes accompanying hydration and dehydration of smectites give rise to hysteresis, but this is typically observed only for those zeolites exhibiting hydration/dehydration-induced structural transitions, such as laumontite. All of these differences between smectites and zeolites impact the manner in which these two classes of minerals interact with water in the environment.
Sequential Ordering in Repeated Free Recall as a Function of Interitem Associative Strength

A modification of Tulving’s method served for appraising the relationship between sequential ordering in repeated free recall and interitem associative strength, IIAS. Multiple randomizations of three of Deese’s world-lists having zero, low and high IIAS respectively, were presented to separate groups of Ss for a fixed number of presentation-recall trials. Partial support was obtained for the hypothesis that the rate at which ordering develops in repeated free recall as indicated by the occurrence of the same word-bigram units on pairs of successive recalls should vary as a positive function of IIAS. While ordering was substantial for all lists and increased as a function of IIAS, only the zero and high conditions differed significantly. The items constituting the word-bigrams repeated in successive pairs of recalls varied significantly more in the high and low than in the zero conditions. Words from the high were significantly less prone to oscillation in recall than those from the zero List. Possible explanations of these findings are considered.
Clinical Assessment and Management of Suspected Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH), though prevalent in older individuals, is often unrecognized. Its cardinal symptoms of gait impairment, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment/dementia frequently are explained by other comorbidities commonly encountered in this population. A structured workup attempting to identify explanations for these symptoms is necessary in order for a clinical diagnosis of NPH to be considered. Additionally, the presence of enlarged ventricles on CT or MRI of the Brain is a requisite finding to support this diagnosis. Comorbidities such as spinal stenosis and parkinsonism may be more likely explanations for gait impairment. Depression, more commonly encountered in forms of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease, or cognitive side effects of medications could explain cognitive impairment. Detrusor instability or an enlarged prostate with lower urinary track symptoms may explain urinary symptoms. It is currently the only form of dementia that is treated with surgery. Placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt may be beneficial in reducing symptoms and preventing progression of the disease. Once the diagnosis is established, an evaluation, including a large volume lumbar puncture or an external lumbar drainage trial (to simulate placement of a shunt), is necessary to identify appropriate surgical candidates. Placement of an adjustable shunt allows for control of drainage after surgery for optimal management of NPH-related symptoms. Typically, the VPS continues to work long after placement. Continued follow-up with the managing physician(s) is beneficial to monitor for interval worsening of symptoms explained by shunt malfunction or development of new comorbidities to explain them.
Accounting and Marketing—Key Small Business Problems:

The Small Business Administration (SBA) estimates that small businesses represent 97 percent of all businesses in the United States [5, p. 1]. The SBA defines a small business as “one that is not d...
Resolution of Symptomatic Obstructive Sleep Apnea Not Impacted by Preoperative Body Mass Index, Choice of Operation Between Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, or Severity.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious obesity-associated disorder that causes significant short- and long-term medical consequences. The objective of this study is to compare the 6-month and 1-year postoperative symptomatic OSA remission rates of patients undergoing bariatric surgery based on their preoperative body mass index (BMI) stratification, type of bariatric operation—sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)—and OSA severity. We retrospectively analyzed 297 obese patients with a diagnosis of OSA who had undergone either SG or RYGB between 2011 and 2015. The overall 6-month symptomatic OSA remission rate for patients (n = 255) was 74.5%. At 6 months, patients with a preoperative BMI of 30–34.9 kg/m2 (class I), 35–39.9 kg/m2 (class II), and 40+ kg/m2 (class III) had 100, 70.0, and 75.0% (p = 0.2164) remission rates, respectively. The 6-month remission rates for SG and RYGB were 75.3 and 70.8% (p = 0.5165), respectively. The overall 1-year symptomatic OSA remission rate for patients (n = 162) was 87.1%. At 1 year, class I, II, and III patients had 100, 85.7, and 87.5% (p = 0.5740) remission rates, respectively. The 1-year remission rates for SG and RYGB were 89.2 and 81.2% (p = 0.2189), respectively. A sub-analysis (n = 69) based on preoperative OSA severity levels did not affect the remission outcome at either the 6-month (p = 0.3670) or 1-year (p = 0.3004) follow-up. Most obese patients experience symptomatic remission of their OSA after bariatric surgery, regardless of their preoperative BMI, choice of operation, or OSA severity.
Expression and Injury

Expressive acts do not, in general, constitute, necessitate, or effect the kinds of injuries for which legal remedies should be available. In particular, such acts do not, in the relevant sense, cause violence. And insult and offense—often enough not genuine injuries at all—do not warrant legal liability. Expressive acts that involve the planning and coordination of violence or the commission of fraud or that evoke post-traumatic stress may sometimes be appropriate predicates for liability.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO ACADÊMICO E DE LIDERANÇA DAS MULHERES NEGRAS NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: UM ESTUDO AUTOETNOGRÁFICO

Este artigo destaca os resultados de um estudo qualitativo autoetnografico projetado para explorar as experiencias de quatro mulheres negras vivendo nos Estados Unidos, que usaram suas proprias trajetorias de vida para explorar e analisar fatores que moldaram seu desenvolvimento academico e a gravitacao, em direcao ao ensino superior e a lideranca. A autoetnografia e os elementos da Pesquisa Qualitativa Consensual (CQR) foram utilizados no delineamento deste estudo, alem do Pensamento Feminista Negro (Collins, 1990) que serviu de referencial teorico. Cinco temas emergiram dos dados: (1) Expectativas e Apoio a Familia; (2) Autoeficacia (3) Importância dos Modelos de Funcao; (4) Resiliencia em lidar com estereotipos; e (5) Multiplas Responsabilidades (si mesma, familia e comunidade). Foram feitas recomendacoes para futuras pesquisas sobre o desenvolvimento academico e de lideranca das mulheres negras.
Molecular Controls of Cell Cycle Progression Following DNA Damage: Roles of P53 and Ataxia-Telangiectasia Gene Products

It has been suggested that exposure to environmental DNA damaging agents contributes to the development of the vast majority of human tumors1. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular events involved in the cellular responses to such exposures should provide insights into mechanisms of human carcinogenesis. Much effort over the past 25 years has been focused on how altered nucleotide bases are removed and how the linear integrity of the DNA sequence is restored2. More recently, it has become clear that the timing of these repair processes relative to various critical cellular processes, such as DNA replication, may be important determinants for dictating the cellular consequences of the DNA damage. For example, a cell which continues to replicate its DNA prior to repairing lesions in the DNA may be more likely to result in daughter cells which have altered genetic information relative to the parental cell. It would be predicted that such altered daughter cells would be more likely to develop the genetic changes which contribute to a transformed phenotype (Figure 1).
Space Techniques for Earthquake Studies

During the last decade the techniques of satellite laser ranging and very long baseline interferometry have been developed to the level where the relative motions of points on the earth can be measured to accuracies of a few centimeters. These techniques are being used in many parts of the world to monitor the apparent large scale motions of the major tectonic plates and the stability of these plate interiors. During the next 5 years we can expect the motions of many plates and plate interiors to have been measured to an accuracy of ± 1 cm/yr averaged over about 5 years and that the stability of these motions will be one of the major questions. During the last few years the application of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to geodesy has been a major development area. This technique is now in final stages of testing and is participating in experimental observ­ing programs. The GPS system technology is ideally suited for application to problems of regional surveying and is expected to provide a few centimeter accuracy over baseline distances of several hundred kilometers. The GPS systems are lightweight, need a minimum of support, and remain on site only a few hours to collect sufficient data. These systems, coupled with the very long baseline capability of laser ranging and very long baseline in­terferometry, will provide the extension of ground based geodesy and global geodetic con­trol to the whole world.
A Room PET Scanner for Natural Environment Neuroscience Research

A room size PET scanner for neuroscience research is proposed in which subjects can move about freely in a natural environment. This scanner, termed RoomPET, would open new frontiers in the study of dynamic brain function. The key to a feasible system is PET detectors with a limited vertical dimension that may translate up and down to keep the brain in the field of view. Head position can be tracked by an array of video cameras, providing real-time data to guide detector motion and for motion-corrected image reconstruction. For a point in the center of the room and centered within the vertical field of view of the detectors, geometric sensitivity ranges between 4 and 18% for room widths of 2 to 3 m and detectors with vertical dimensions of 15 to 40 cm. Spatial resolution is dominated by annihilation photon non-colinearity due to the large detector separation. This non-colinearity contribution for F-18 is 4.4 and 6.6 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) at the center of 2 ×2 and 3×3m 2 rooms, respectively, for a line of response orthogonal to the opposite walls. With pixelated scintillation crystal elements 2 mm on a side the system resolution for F-18 radiotracers is estimated at 4.5 and 6.7 mm FWHM for room widths of 2 and 3 m, respectively. A RoomPET system would advance the understanding of brain function in healthy humans and in those with neurological diseases, disorders and brain injury.
Roadside Sensing Information Enabled Horizontal Curve Crash Avoidance System Based on Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Technology

Horizontal curves are a major cause of road departure crashes that lead to fatal and severe injuries. Existing curve crash avoidance systems are typically enabled by displaying safety messages via ...
Snack gaps, doubling up, and revolving doors: educational leadership practices in a changing suburb

ABSTRACTAlongside rising poverty, student homelessness and school mobility are increasingly impacting U.S. suburbs – yet, there is little research on how leadership is evolving. Informed by distrib...
Preparation of device‐quality SiO2 thin films by remote plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD): Applications in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) devices

This review focuses on the evolution of a low-temperature remote plasma-assisted deposition process that has yielded device-quality SiO2 and SiO2-Si3N4 alloy thin films as defined by their performance in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices. The evaluation of the dielectric films with respect to both the plasma deposition process and the device performance cannot be separated from (i) the pre-deposition surface cleaning of the crystalline silicon (c-Si) substrates and (ii) the way in which the Si-SiO2 interface is formed. As a consequence, we show that this approach for using plasma-deposited SiO2 films as gate dielectrics must of necessity combine (i) the final cleaning of the Si surface, (ii) the formation of the Si-SO2 interface and (iii) the deposition of the gate oxide or nitrided oxide film into an in-situ integrated processing sequence.
Stability of Insulin Detemir Injection in Different Primary Packaging Systems at Room Temperature.

Purpose:To assess the stability of insulin detemir at controlled room temperature (RT) at 25°C in different packaging systems over 7 days.Methods:The degradation characteristics of insulin detemir ...
Towards a Language for Defining Human Behavior for Complex Activities.

This paper outlines the steps for a specification to create a language for defining human behavior in the context of complex activities, with a specific focus on Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). The proposed specification to create a language for defining human behavior is used to develop a framework for representation of (1) macro-level tasks or actions associated with any complex activity, (2) the context parameters on which these tasks or actions are performed and (3) sequence of movements of various body parts associated with performing these actions on the context parameters in the context of the given complex activity. To evaluate the efficacy of this proposed work, it has been implemented on a dataset of ADLs. The results presented and discussed uphold the relevance for practical implementation of the proposed human behavior definition language in real-time settings for addressing various challenges and utilizing the full potential of activity centric computing for improving the quality of life and user experience during ADLs as well as for various other applications.
Protein Vesicles Self-Assembled from Functional Globular Proteins with Different Charge and Size.

Protein vesicles can be synthesized by mixing two fusion proteins: an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) fused to an arginine-rich leucine zipper (ZR) with a globular, soluble protein fused to a glutam...
Optimization of bleaching process for cellulose extraction from apple and kale pomace and evaluation of their potentials as film forming materials

Abstract Celluloses from apple and kale pomaces were extracted through sequentially chemical treatments, characterized, and evaluated for the film forming property. Since bleaching step is critical to cellulose quality, bleaching conditions including concentration of bleaching agent (NaClO) (0.5–3 %), temperature (60−80 °C) and time (1−2 h) were optimized. NaClO concentration and temperature exhibited significant impact on the quality of celluloses. Excessive bleaching conditions caused severe oxidation of celluloses and significantly reduced their dimension. The optimum bleaching conditions for apple pomace were identified as 1–1.5 % NaClO at 80 °C for 1 h, resulting in cellulose yield of 7.9 %, water retention value of 2.96, and whiteness index of 72.36. Morphological analysis of optimum apple pomace-celluloses revealed their long-shaped structure with 500−750 μm in length and 20−25 μm in width. The prepared cellulose films had high transparency and good mechanical strength. This study provided new insight in converting fruit processing byproducts into high quality celluloses.
Home-Based Medical Care: High-Value Health Care During Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Beyond.

Ms. H is a 78-year-old woman with a history of congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and recent stroke who was discharged 1 month ago from a subacute rehabilitation facility. She moved in with her son because she now requires a walker and cannot return to her third-floor apartment. One evening, Ms. H develops a low-grade fever and mild shortness of breath intermittently relieved by her albuterol inhaler. Her son is worried, but knows that his mom does not want to return to the hospital.
Development of a Compact 28-GHz Software- Defined Phased Array for a City-Scale Wireless Research Testbed

This paper reports the development of a compact and highly programmable 28-GHz phased array subsystem that is currently being integrated in a city-scale testbed for advanced wireless research and experimentation. The subsystem hardware consists of a 28-GHz 64-element state-of-the-art dual-polarized phased array antenna module (PAAM), low-noise DC-DC power regulators with a single 12-V input, current sensors and an ADC for real-time supply monitoring, a PLL for LO (5 GHz) generation, IF (3 GHz)/LO splitters, IF/LO baluns, and programmable switches. All of these components are integrated in a compact (10” x5.75”) PCB which also supports the direct plug-in of a commercial-off-the-shelf FPGA system-on-module (SoM). The IF switches and splitters couple the PAAM to 20 IF ports that enable a rich set of MIMO configurations, including up to 8 simultaneous 16-element independent beams in each TX/RX mode. The FPGA and associated software enable the configuration of all subsystem features from a high-level application program interface (API), facilitating MIMO millimeter-wave wireless experiments. 28-GHz channel sounding measurements using the phased array subsystem coupled with software-defined radios is presented as a testbed-level experiment example.
Geographic Information Science and Public Participation

PART I: Participatory Planning: Why does it matter?- 1. Dilemmas in Contemporary Planning.- 2. The Digital Revolution.- 3. A Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) Frameword.- 4. PPGIS: State of the Practice.- PART II: Three Narratives.- 5. Politics and Participation in Boston's South End.- 6. Planning to Preserve Community Character in Oak Park, Illinois.- 7. Chicagoland's Search for Common Ground.- 8. Issues in PPGIS Implementation.- PART III: The Future of PPGIS.- 9. PPGIS as Critical Reflective Practice.- 10. Where to, from here?
Performatives, Performatives Everywhere But Not a Drop of Ink

The feasibility of open, flexible electronic commerce relies heavily on the effective management of documentary procedures, i.e., the sequence by which (structured) business documents are exchanged among contracting parties. The communication of such documents is not merely the passing of information, but reflects, indeed enacts, the formation and discharge of commitments. Such communications are called performative (versus informative) in that the act of communicating itself is a social action that alters the (contractual, legal, ownership) relationship among the parties.
COMPARISON OF MODELS SIMULATING OCCUPANT RESPONSE WITH AIR BAGS

Two computer models, ABAG 19 and HSRI-3D, were validated against experimental data to determine and compare their capability for simulating the responses of air bag restrained automobile occupants in severe frontal collisions. Standard sets of model input parameters were developed for both driver and passenger. The primary objective was to determine which model was best suited for determining potential crashworthiness in a large number of production vehicles. Advantages and disadvantages of the models were determined, using criteria such as accuracy, ease of use, quality of documentation and user orientation.
Age at onset in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis: Impact on clinical manifestations and postsurgical outcome

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the demographic and clinical manifestations and postsurgical outcome of childhood-onset mesial temporal sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy (MTS-TLE) and establishing the potential differences as compared to the patients with adult-onset MTS-TLE. Method In this retrospective study all patients with a clinical diagnosis of medically refractory TLE due to mesial temporal sclerosis, who underwent epilepsy surgery at Jefferson comprehensive epilepsy center, were recruited. Patients were prospectively registered in a database from 1986 through 2014. Postsurgical outcome was classified into two groups; seizure-free or relapsed. Clinical manifestations and outcome were compared between patients with childhood-onset MTS-TLE (i.e., age at onset of the first afebrile habitual seizure below 10 years) and those with adult-onset MTS-TLE (i.e., age at onset of the first afebrile habitual seizure 20 years or above). Results One hundred and twelve patients had childhood-onset MTS-TLE and 76 had adult-onset MTS-TLE. Demographic, clinical, EEG and MRI characteristics of these two groups were similar. Postoperative outcome was not statistically different between these two groups of patients ( P =0.9). Conclusion Temporal lobe epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis is a common cause of epilepsy that can start from early childhood to late adulthood. The etiology of MTS-TLE may be different in various age groups, but it seems that when mesial temporal sclerosis is the pathological substrate of TLE, clinical manifestations and response to surgical treatment of patients are very similar in patients with childhood-onset MTS-TLE compared to those with adult-onset disease.
Differential Activation of Orexin Neurons by Antipsychotic Drugs Associated with Weight Gain

Weight gain is one side effect of many antipsychotic drugs (APDs). A small number of lateral hypothalamic/perifornical area (LH/PFA) neurons express the orexins, peptides that are critically involved in body weight regulation and arousal. We examined the ability of APDs to activate orexin neurons, as reflected by induction of Fos. APDs with significant weight gain liability increased Fos expression in orexin neurons, but APDs with low or absent weight gain liability did not. The weight gain liability of APDs was correlated with the degree of Fos induction in orexin neurons of the lateral LH/PFA. In contrast, amphetamine, which causes weight loss, increased Fos expression in orexin neurons of the medial but not lateral LH/PFA. We compared the effects of amphetamine and clozapine, an APD with weight gain liability, on orexin neurons innervating the prefrontal cortex. Clozapine induced Fos in 75% of the orexin neurons that project to the cortex, but amphetamine induced Fos in less than a third of these cells. These data suggest that APD-induced weight gain is associated with activation of distinct orexin neurons and emphasize the presence of anatomically and functionally heterogeneous populations of orexin neurons.
Taking Care of Business: Critical Leadership Ideas

Critical to success in today’s world, characterized by the knowledge economy, is the ability to communicate and collaborate across the boundaries of cultures, disciplines, and functional areas. In the knowledge economy, where people tend to work in groups, what matters most is the “c factor,” the collective intelligence of the group. A firm that consists of several brilliant employees working on their own may not succeed if there is no collaboration and teamwork. The purpose of this paper is to consider critical concepts from the field of management with which every leader should be familiar -- corporate social responsibility, triple bottom line, learning organization, servant leadership, spiritual workplace, and employee engagement. These all tend to contribute to employee satisfaction, creativity, and productivity.
Normal Serum Cytotoxicity for P32-Labeled Smooth Enterobacteriaceae III. Isolation of a γG Normal Antibody and Characterization of Other Serum Factors Causing P32 Loss

Spitznagel, John K. (University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill). Normal serum cytotoxicity for P(32)-labeled smooth Enterobacteriaceae. III. Isolation of a gammaG normal antibody and characterization of other serum factors causing P(32) loss. J. Bacteriol. 91:401-408. 1966.-Gram-negative bacteria lost metabolically incorporated P(32) when suspended in serum only if the serum contained heat-labile in addition to heat-stable factors. Gram-positive bacteria labeled with P(32) and included for comparison lost P(32) in heat-inactivated as well as in fresh normal serum. Further investigation of gram-negative bacteria showed that a smooth Escherichia coli (O117:H27) lost P(32) only if suspended in serum containing complement fractions C'1, C'2, C'3, and C'4 "normal" antibody and lysozyme. The normal antibody was recovered by absorption on and subsequent elution from E. coli O117:H27 cell walls. Immunoelectrophoresis showed that it was a gammaG-globulin. Its P(32)-releasing activity was destroyed by 2-mercaptoethanol. Lysozyme was found to potentiate the P(32)-releasing action of normal antibody plus complement. Evidence was obtained suggesting that beta(1C) globulin was the component absorbed to zymosan during serum absorption at 15 C. Reduction of the beta(1C) level evidently upsets an important balance that exists in normal serum among complement, antibody, and lysozyme. This balance is essential for maximal P(32) release from labeled bacteria, or possibly for a maximal antibacterial effect from normal serum. The possible relationships of bactericidal, bacteriolytic, and opsonic action of normal serum are discussed.
State by State Legislative Analysis of Charter School Policy

This report will examine the various state by state policies towards charter schools. It is important to understand the intricacies of charter school legislation because it is not a concept that is universally applied across the country--laws vary greatly from state to state. Some states, such as New Mexico, have legislation that greatly restrict the autonomy of charter schools, while other states, such as Michigan, support highly autonomous and innovative charters. Most charter legislation falls somewhere between these two poles, and this paper places each state's policies within this continuum. The report begins by providing the definition and background of the charter school movement in general before examining the wide variety of state policies towards charter schools. Each state's legislation is analyzed in terms of funding, application procedures, and administration. Individual state results are then used to summarize the local environment in which charter schools operate and place state's legislation within the continuum of charter school policy nationwide. States that do not have a formal charter school policy in place are reviewed in terms of the challenges to initiating charter school legislation. Whatever the terms of the legislation, each state's charter law has grown out of its local environment, regulatory context, balance of political forces, and local perspectives on how charter schools ought to work.
The Impact of Gender Stereotypes on Legal Perceptions of Lesbian Intimate Partner Violence

The present study examined legal perceptions of lesbian intimate partner violence (IPV) in an experimental context. Undergraduate women and men from the Southeastern United States ( N = 217) read a trial summary in which the defendant was charged with physically assaulting her same-sex partner. The trial varied as to whether the victim and defendant were depicted via images as either feminine or masculine. Participants rendered verdicts and made judgments about the victim and defendant (e.g., credibility). Results indicated that the victim's and defendant's masculine or feminine appearance affected these judgments. Female participants viewed a masculine victim as more credible than a feminine victim when the defendant was masculine. When the victim was masculine, they viewed a masculine defendant as more responsible for the victim's injuries than a feminine defendant. Male participants had higher sympathy for a masculine versus feminine victim overall, but had more anger toward a masculine defendant versus a feminine defendant accused of assaulting a feminine victim. Finally, fewer participants mentioned the defendant's history of violence as a reason for a guilty of felony verdict for a feminine victim with a feminine defendant versus all other combinations of victim and defendant masculine/feminine appearance. Results are discussed in terms of gender stereotypes influencing legal decision-making in IPV cases among lesbian couples.
The Latin American Social Medicine database

Background Public health practitioners and researchers for many years have been attempting to understand more clearly the links between social conditions and the health of populations. Until recently, most public health professionals in English-speaking countries were unaware that their colleagues in Latin America had developed an entire field of inquiry and practice devoted to making these links more clearly understood. The Latin American Social Medicine (LASM) database finally bridges this previous gap.
Equations of state from generalized perturbation theory

Abstract Sowers, G.M. and Sandier, S.I., 1991. Equations of state from generalized perturbation theory. Part II. The Lennard-Jones Fluid. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 67: 127-150. We use perturbation theory to derive extensions of our equations of state used previously for the hard-core Lennard-Jones fluid to the more realistic soft-core Lennard-Jones fluid. We find that the use of a “hybrid” Barker-Henderson diameter (see Aim and Nezbeda, 1987) for the hard sphere reference fluid leads to perturbation free energies for the soft-core Lennard- Jones fluid that are similar to the perturbation free energies for a hard-core Lennard-Jones fluid. For the range of temperatures and densities considered here, one of our equations of state is more accurate than a 33-parameter equation (see Adachi et al., 1988) even though it has only four adjustable parameters. The other equation of state is a straightforward, theoretically based extension of a square-well equation of state (see Lee et al., 1985) to the Lennard-Jones fluid. Both equations of state can be used to correlate the phase diagrams and supercritical PVT data of noble gases and methane, and perform especially well in the correlation of saturated liquid volumes.
Complex networks: Augmenting the framework for the study of complex systems

We briefly describe the toolkit used for studying complex systems: nonlinear dynamics, statistical physics, and network theory. We place particular emphasis on network theory—the topic of this special issue—and its importance in augmenting the framework for the quantitative study of complex systems. In order to illustrate the main issues, we briefly review several areas where network theory has led to significant developments in our understanding of complex systems. Specifically, we discuss changes, arising from network theory, in our understanding of (i) the Internet and other communication networks, (ii) the structure of natural ecosystems, (iii) the spread of diseases and information, (iv) the structure of cellular signalling networks, and (v) infrastructure robustness. Finally, we discuss how complexity requires both new tools and an augmentation of the conceptual framework—including an expanded definition of what is meant by a “quantitative prediction.”
Metalloproteinases mediate extracellular matrix degradation by cells from mouse blastocyst outgrowths

The maintenance and developmental remodeling of extracellular matrix is crucial to such processes as uterine implantation and the cell migratory events of morphogenesis. When mouse blastocysts are placed in culture they adhere to extracellular matrix, and trophoblast giant cells migrate out onto the matrix and degrade it. The secretion of functional proteinases by developing mouse embryos increases dramatically at the time of implantation. By zymography we identified the major secreted gelatin-degrading proteinase, also known as type IV collagenase, as one migrating at 92 x 10(3) Mr. Several casein-degrading proteinases were also secreted. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) inhibited all of the embryo-derived proteinases detected by gelatin gel zymography, indicating that they are metalloproteinases, whereas TIMP did not inhibit all of the caseinases. Urokinase was also secreted. Addition of TIMP at 5-500 nM effectively inhibited the degradation of matrix by the trophoblast outgrowths. Blocking antibodies directed against 92 x 10(3) Mr gelatinase abolished matrix degradation by the trophoblast cells. These observations suggest that several metalloproteinases are regulated in early development and that 92 x 10(3) Mr gelatinase, in particular, has a rate-limiting function in degradation of the maternal extracellular matrix by trophoblast cells.
Hurricane Andrew: Ethnicity, Gender and the Sociology of Disasters

Hurricane Andrew: Ethnicity, Gender and the Sociology of Disasters. Walter Gillis Peacock. Betty Hearn Morrow. and Hugh Gladwin. eds. New York: Routledge, 1997. 278 pp.
Sources and range of long-term variability of rhythmic motor patterns in vivo.

The mechanisms of rhythmic motor pattern generation have been studied in detail in vitro , but the long-term stability and sources of variability in vivo are often not well described. The crab stomatogastric ganglion contains the well-characterized gastric mill (chewing) and pyloric (filtering of food) central pattern generators. In vitro , the pyloric rhythm is stereotyped with little variation, but inter-circuit interactions and neuromodulation can alter both rhythm cycle frequency and structure. The range of variation of activity in vivo is, with few exceptions, unknown. Curiously, although the pattern generating circuits in vivo are constantly exposed to hormonal and neural modulation, the majority of published data show only the unperturbed canonical motor patterns typically observed in vitro . Using long-term extracellular recordings (N=27 animals), we identified the range and sources of variability of the pyloric and gastric mill rhythms recorded continuously over 4 days in freely behaving Jonah crabs ( Cancer borealis ). Although there was no evidence of innate daily rhythmicity, a 12-hour light-driven cycle did manifest. Both rhythms9 frequencies increased modestly albeit consistently during the 3 hours prior to and 3 hours after the lights changed. This cycle was occluded by sensory stimulation (feeding), which significantly influenced both pyloric cycle frequency and structure. This was the only instance where the structure of the rhythm changed. In unfed animals the structure remained stable, even when the frequency varied substantially. So, although central pattern generating circuits are capable of producing many patterns, in vivo outputs typically remain stable in the absence of sensory stimulation