cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antiadrenergic therapy in the control of atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure develops commonly in older individuals and its prevalence increases as heart failure severity progresses. Because of deteriorating hemodynamics, patients with heart failure are at increased risk for developing AF and, conversely, AF in heart failure patients is associated with adverse hemodynamic changes. AF is believed to increase the mortality risk in heart failure, which may be minimized by treatment that includes the control of ventricular rate, prevention of thrombotic events, and conversion to normal sinus rhythm. Clinical guidelines recommend amiodarone or dofetilide in heart failure patients, but these drugs have certain drawbacks, such as an increased risk for bradyarrhythmias with amiodarone and proarrhythmic reaction with dofetilide. Some but not all clinical trials have suggested that rate control should be the primary therapeutic goal in high-risk heart failure patients with AF and, if unsuccessful, followed by rhythm control. The former is effectivel...
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC ALCOHOL TREATMENT ON ACOUSTIC STARTLE REACTIVITY DURING WITHDRAWAL AND SUBSEQUENT ALCOHOL INTAKE IN HIGH AND LOW ALCOHOL DRINKING RATS

Aims: The purpose of the present study is to determine whether the inverse genetic association between alcohol withdrawal magnitude and genetic propensity for alcohol drinking that we have previously identified in alcohol-naive rats given alcohol acutely, would also be seen following chronic alcohol exposure. The effect of forced, chronic alcohol treatment on subsequent voluntary alcohol drinking was also examined. Methods: Male rats from the high alcohol drinking (HAD2) and low alcohol drinking (LAD2) lines received two intragastric (IG) infusions of alcohol (3.0 g/kg BW; 25% v/v) or an equal volume of water, separated by 5 h, every day for 20 consecutive days (chronic alcohol treatment). Acoustic startle reactivity was assessed at 10, 14, and 18 h after the second infusion on days 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20. After acoustic startle testing was completed, all rats received two IG infusions of 3.0 g alcohol/kg BW, separated by 5 h, and blood alcohol content was assessed at 10, 14, and 18 h after the second alcohol infusion. All rats were then given a 24 h free-choice between alcohol and water for 8 weeks. Results: Startle magnitude to a 120 dB tone was suppressed during alcohol withdrawal in both alcohol-treated HAD2 and LAD2 rats after 5, 10, and 15 days of alcohol treatment. Forced, chronic alcohol treatment produced metabolic tolerance in both the HAD2 and LAD2 lines and significantly suppressed subsequent voluntary alcohol intake in rats of the HAD2 line. Conclusions: Reduced acoustic startle reactivity during alcohol withdrawal in both HAD2 and LAD2 rats is consistent with our previous findings in the HAD2 but not the LAD2 line and may reflect reduced CNS excitability during withdrawal from forced alcohol exposure. Forced alcohol exposure robustly retarded the expression of a genetic predisposition toward alcohol drinking in rats selectively bred for high alcohol intake.
Three-dimensional desingularized boundary integral methods for potential problems

SUMMARY The concept of desingularization in three-dimensional boundary integral computations is re-examined. The boundary integral equation is desingularized by moving the singular points away from the boundary and outside the problem domain. We show that the desingularization gives better solutions to several problems. As a result of desingularization, the surface integrals can be evaluated by simpler techniques, speeding up the computation. The effects of the desingularization distance on the solution and the condition of the resulting system of algebraic equations are studied for both direct and indirect versions of the boundary integral method. Computations show that a broad range of desingularization distances gives accurate solutions with significant savings in the computation time. The desingularization distance must be carefully linked to the mesh size to avoid problems with uniqueness and ill-conditioning. As an example, the desingularized indirect approach is tested on unsteady non-linear three-dimensional gravity waves generated by a moving submerged disturbance; minimal computational difficulties are encountered at the truncated boundary. Boundary integral methods provide a powerful technique for the solution of linear, homogeneous boundary value problems. The method employs a fundamental solution, which satisfies the differential equation (and possibly part of the boundary conditions), to reformulate the problem as an integral equation on the boundary. In conventional boundary integral formulations, singularities of the fundamental solution are placed on the domain boundary. This requires special evaluation of singular integrands, which can result in costly numerical calculations. In time-dependent non-linear free surface problems' - a boundary integral problem is solved at each time step. Since most of the computation time is devoted to the boundary integral problem, an effective solution method is critical in the time-marching procedure. When the singularity of the fundamental solution is placed away from the boundary and outside the domain of the problem, a desingularized boundary integral equation is obtained. We will show two advantages to this desingularization: a more accurate solution can be obtained for a given truncation, and a numerical quadrature can be used to reduce the computational time to obtain the algebraic system representing the discretized boundary integral problem. There are two types of non-singular boundary integral formulations: direct and indirect. In the direct method, Green's second identity is used to derive the boundary integral equation, and the solution of the problem is obtained directly by solving the boundary integral equation. In the
Speaking of sustainability: the potential of metaphor

(2010). Speaking of sustainability: the potential of metaphor. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 60-65.
Antenna assignment for JALN HCB

Joint Aerial Layered Network (JALN) could provide crucial communication links when milsatcoms are degraded, or lost. In order to effectively evaluate the network performance of JALN, the Joint Assessment Research/ Reference Testbed (JART) modeling of the JALN consists of a scoping model GCM and high fidelity EMANE model. The scoping model GCM performs a coarse analysis of network performance, and provides the network configurations for EMANE. However, there still exist some gaps that the GCM cannot provide all required configurations for EMANE. For example, how can we assign the antennas to JALN High Capacity Backbone (HCB) links where each JALN aircraft has four mounting points for directional antennas? The goal of this work is to develop an optimal antenna assignment algorithm for JALN HCB. Since link availability is the most important metric for JALN HCB, the antenna assignment can be formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem where the objective function is to maximize the link availability of the worst link or to achieve the max-min fairness. Due to NP-hardness of MILP problem, a greedy algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The obtained antenna assignment can be used as the configuration for EMANE. Numerical experiments are used to show the performance of the MILP and greedy methods.
KINETICS OF HUMAN GAIT

1. The electrobasograph is briefly described as an instrument for recording the gait of man. 2. Important time relationships can be determined from these records which are made with relation to the duration of weight-bearing on the heel, fifth metatarsal head, and first toe of the respective feet. 3. Illustration of records provides evidence that unaltered gait will produce the same records on successive dates. 4. Illustration of records provides evidence that the removal of the cause for a limp will be revealed by changes in the electrobasographic record on successive dates. 5. Graphs are presented to illustrate the influence of the rate of walking on the duration of weight-bearing on each of these three points. 6. Records and graphs illustrate the influence of height of shoe heel on the duration of weight-bearing on each of these three points.
The Impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Cholesterol Reducing Drugs on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cholesterol

This paper examines the impact of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of cholesterol-reducing drugs (statins) on consumers' market and non-market behaviors. Our research builds up on the existing literature by utilizing a unique set of data sets that combine extensive survey data on statins use with an archive of advertisements that allow us to measure how many advertisements each individual has been exposed to. Combining these data allows us to measure each respondent's exposure to drug advertising which can then be linked with consumer behavior. Moreover, we are also able to control for the majority of factors that firms use in targeting their advertisements so we can account for the fact that firms are likely to target specific groups that may be more inclined to use statins. Because we can control for this targeting, we are better able to assess the causal impact of advertising on statins use. Finally, because we have individual variation in exposure to advertising we are able to examine how demographic groups are differentially exposed to this advertising and whether they react to it with different intensities. Thus, we can examine whether advertising tends to increase or decrease health disparities. Our results show that there is a positive and significant effect of DTCA exposure on getting diagnosed, purchasing statins and exercising regularly, but the effect of DTCA exposure largely goes away with the exception of exercise when we control more intensely for firms' targeting. Some of our results are opposite to previous findings that DTCA increases the likelihood of visiting physician's office or decreases exercising. But in most studies on the impact of DTCA, it is difficult, if not impossible with the data that is utilized, to adequately address the targeting issue. Adequately accounting for targeting is one of the most significant challenges to research on the impact of advertising. Our results have important implications for the regulation of advertising. First, there are significant public health benefits from private sector advertising as this advertising accomplishes the same goals as public health messages designed to encourage consumers to change their life style first in order to treat high blood cholesterol. Second, advertising does not change the propensity for physicians to prescribe statin drugs for those that have been diagnosed with high cholesterol, suggesting that advertising does not corrupt the physician/patient relationship. The implications for advertising law are significant and are discussed in the final section of the paper.
Clefting, Dental, and Craniofacial Syndromes

Craniofacial disorders result from a disruption of normal embryogenesis of the head and can be caused by genetic, environmental and sporadic events. Isolated clefts of the lip and/or palate are common such defects and this review will summarize what is known about their common Mendelian and environmental triggers. Further in the last few years we have begun to identify the common genetic contributors to isolated forms of cleft lip/palate. Recent findings from DNA sequencing and genome-wide association will be summarized for these loci that have been reliably confirmed.
Electric utility regulation and investment in green energy resources

Electric utility investment in end-use efficiency and renewable energy resources is examined with current forms of Pigouvian taxes and subsidies that encourage investment in green energy resources. A model of a rate-of-return-regulated firm considers the impacts of policies on social optimality. It shows that cap-and-trade/floor-and-trade forms of Pigouvian taxes and subsidies cause electric utilities to (over) underinvest in conventional generation and (under) overinvest in green resources when the allowed rate of return (is above) equals the cost of capital. Therefore, these forms of taxes and subsidies combined with rate base rate-of-return regulation result in suboptimal investment in one type of asset or another regardless of the level of return exogenously set by regulators. Therefore, public utility investment is always suboptimal, one way or another. The form of regulation is empirically tested from stock price signals and observed by lack of investment in the electric power infrastructure and too...
Human Factors in Medical Rehabilitation: Some Major Problem Areas:

Medical rehabilitation is a rapidly growing field in which the discipline of human factors can make substantial contributions. Some of the major problem areas include the development of a taxonomy ...
3D Visualization of Sub-Surface Pipelines in Connection with the Building Utilities: Integrating GIS and BIM for Facility Management

Buildings cannot be used for their intended purpose without utilities. Maintenance workflows require work to be performed from the inside and outside of the buildings. The inside information can be extracted from a fully built building information model, and the outside information can be extracted from a Geographical Information System (GIS) map. GIS is the platform that integrates maintenance workflows for mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems for facility infrastructure. In order to perform efficient maintenance work, it is necessary to get the related information of the pipe network in advance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to use GIS and BIM information to get the detailed information for facility operation and maintenance. Field workers, without strong GIS and CAD background, need to visualize and analyze the subsurface pipelines. This study proposes a method to use data from BIM and GIS for 3D visualization.
I131 Blood Levels Correlated with Gastric Emptying Determined Radiographically. II. Fat Test Meal

Conclusions1. A characteristic and reproducible curve of radioisotope blood levels was obtained in normal humans and normal dogs following an I131 labeled protein test meal. 2. Radiographic determination of gastric emptying is necessary for the proper interpretation of data. 3. Delayed gastric emptying significantly altered the radioisotope blood levels. 4. Fainting and change in position may alter radioisotope blood levels.
Differences in Apprehension about Communicating in the Classroom between Traditional and Nontraditional Students

Reported differences between traditional (n = 181) and nontraditional (n = 142) college students on apprehension about communicating in the classroom were significant.
Technological Determinism and Social Constructivism:From Schism Towards Coupling

The relationship between technological determinism(TD) and social constructivism(SC) is not opposite but in schism analyzed from formal logic and dialectic logic.The real relationship between TD and SC is in schism and its prominent characteristic in schism is that TD and SC talk separately on the relationship between technology and society,even rebuke and animadvert each other.The possible relationship between TD and SC is in coupling.The core viewpoint in coupling is Determining(technology determines society) and Constructing(society constructs technology) is not apart but in unity.The principles in coupling include two theories being analyzed objectively,treated equally,exerted associatedly and ending unnecessary animadversion.
Prospective and dyadic associations between expectant parents’ prenatal hormone changes and postpartum parenting outcomes

During the transition to parenthood, both men and women experience hormone changes that are thought to promote parental care. Yet very few studies have explicitly tested the hypothesis that prenatal hormone changes are associated with postpartum parenting behavior. In a longitudinal study of 27 first-time expectant couples, we assessed whether prenatal hormone changes were moderated by self- and partner-reported parenting outcomes at 3 months postpartum. Expectant fathers showed prenatal declines in testosterone and estradiol, and larger declines in these hormones were associated with greater contributions to household and infant care tasks postpartum. Women whose partners showed larger testosterone declines also reported receiving more support and more help with household tasks. Expectant mothers showed prenatal increases in testosterone and estradiol, and larger increases in these hormones were associated with lower partner-rated support. Together, our findings provide some of the first evidence that prenatal hormone changes may indeed be functional and that the implications of these changes may be detectable by co-parents.
Singer-Dependent Falsetto Detection for Live Vocal Processing Based on Support Vector Classification

We present and analyze a machine learning technique to determine from an input sung vocal waveform if falsetto (also known as the head voice) is being used. Such a system may be used to tune signal processing parameters, ideally in real-time, for such applications as intelligibility enhancement of high-pitched sung notes, and other musical systems which tune signal processing parameters according to detected performance parameters. Our falsetto detector uses a support vector classifier trained on mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) computed from a newly collected database of anechoic sung notes. It is shown to give correct classification with better than 95% accuracy.
Breast Disorders in Adolescence

Breast development, or thelarche, begins between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls (average 10.3 years) and marks the onset of female puberty. The breast exam should be included in the annual examination of adolescent girls not only to rule out breast pathology, but also to evaluate for the physiologic activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Breast maturation is staged using the system developed by Marshal and Tanner in 1969, as discussed previously in Chap. 3. The overwhelming majority of breast disease in adolescents is benign and thus conservative management should be pursued whenever possible.
Salmonella and Impact on Egg Production

There is a strong association between the incidence of human illness and the prevalence of Salmonella in commercial egg-producing poultry. Although most egg-associated disease is attributed to Salmonella Enteritidis, other serovars are sometimes implicated. Deposition of S. Enteritidis within the edible contents of eggs results from colonization of reproductive tissues in infected hens. Environmental conditions influence opportunities for Salmonella introduction, transmission, and persistence in laying flocks. Environmental influences are shaped by the various housing systems used in egg production. Substantial public and private resources have been invested in comprehensive S. Enteritidis testing and risk reduction programs for egg-laying chickens. A strategy involving multiple interventions throughout the egg production cycle is recommended as the most effective approach for controlling S. Enteritidis. Controlling temperature is critical for restricting Salmonella growth inside eggs.
Implementation of a 4-Year Point-of-Care Ultrasound Curriculum in a Liaison Committee on Medical Education–Accredited US Medical School

Objectives The established benefits of point-of-care ultrasound have given rise to multiple new and innovative curriculums to incorporate ultrasound teaching into medical education. This study sought to measure the educational success of a comprehensive and integrated 4-year point-of-care ultrasound curriculum. Methods We integrated a curriculum consisting of traditional didactics combined with asynchronous learning modules and hands-on practice on live models with skilled sonographers into all 4 years of education at a Liaison Committee on Medical Education–accredited US Medical School. Each graduating student was administered an exit examination with 48 questions that corresponded to ultrasound milestones. Results Ninety-five percent (n = 84) of fourth-year medical students completed the exit examination. The mean score was 79.5% (SD, 10.2%), with mean scores on the ultrasound physics and anatomy subsections being 77.1% (SD, 11.0%) and 85.9% (SD, 21.0%), respectively. Conclusions A comprehensive 4-year point-of-care ultrasound curriculum integrated into medical school may successfully equip graduating medical students with a fundamental understanding of ultrasound physics, anatomy, and disease recognition.
An analysis of patient-provider secure messaging at two Veterans Health Administration medical centers: message content and resolution through secure messaging.

Objective We sought to understand how patients and primary care teams use secure messaging (SM) to communicate with one another by analyzing secure message threads from 2 Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Methods We coded 1000 threads of SM communication sampled from 40 primary care teams. Results Most threads (94.5%) were initiated by patients (90.4%) or caregivers (4.1%); only 5.5% were initiated by primary care team members proactively reaching out to patients. Medication renewals and refills (47.2%), scheduling requests (17.6%), medication issues (12.9%), and health issues (12.7%) were the most common patient-initiated requests, followed by referrals (7.0%), administrative issues (6.5%), test results (5.4%), test issues (5.2%), informing messages (4.9%), comments about the patient portal or SM (4.1%), appreciation (3.9%), self-reported data (2.8%), life issues (1.5%), and complaints (1.5%). Very few messages were clinically urgent (0.7%) or contained other potentially challenging content. Message threads were mostly short (2.7 messages), comprising an average of 1.35 discrete content types. A substantial proportion of issues (24.2%) did not show any evidence of being resolved through SM. Time to response and extent of resolution via SM varied by message content. Proactive SM use by teams varied, but was most often for test results (32.7%), medication-related issues (21.8%), medication renewals (16.4%), or scheduling issues (18.2%). Conclusions The majority of messages were transactional and initiated by patients or caregivers. Not all content categories were fully addressed over SM. Further education and training for both patients and clinical teams could improve the quality and efficiency of SM communication.
Family Life in the Ottoman Mediterranean: A Social History

In writings about Islam, women and modernity in the Middle East, family and religion are frequently invoked but rarely historicized. Based on a wide range of local sources spanning two centuries (1660–1860), Beshara B. Doumani argues that there is no such thing as the Muslim or Arab family type that is so central to Orientalist, nationalist, and Islamist narratives. Rather, one finds dramatic regional differences, even within the same cultural zone, in the ways that family was understood, organized, and reproduced. In his comparative examination of the property devolution strategies and gender regimes in the context of local political economies, Doumani offers a groundbreaking examination of the stories and priorities of ordinary people and how they shaped the making of the modern Middle East.
Possible Economic Benefits of Full-Grade Acceleration

Full-grade acceleration is an intervention in which students finish the K-12 curriculum at least one year early, usually due to early entrance to kindergarten, grade skipping, or early graduation from high school. Many studies have shown benefits during childhood for accelerated individuals, but few studies have examined outcomes of acceleration in adulthood. In this study data from five longitudinal datasets were combined to compare adult incomes of accelerated and non-accelerated subjects after controlling for five important childhood covariates. Results showed that accelerated adults earned 4.66% more per year (d=0.044). Income differences between accelerated and non-accelerated groups were larger for women than men. A conservative estimate is that there is a $72,000 lifetime earnings difference between accelerated and non-accelerated subjects, though this study cannot show a causal association between acceleration and increased income.
Implementation of wide area control in a real-time cyber-physical power system test bed

Developing a test environment for smart grid forms an indispensable stage to the realization of the next generation of the electricity grid. The coupling of the physical power system and its associated communication network makes modern power grid a typical cyber-physical system. In this paper, a real-time power system was simulated in RTDS and the communication network in NS-3. This test bed includes a wide area control scheme that employs the speed difference of generators in two areas of a simple 11-bus power system to dampen down local and inter-area oscillations. Different network conditions were tested and compared with cases that made use of only local input to dampen oscillations and another case that assumes a perfect communication network. The test bed showed that wide area control implementation with extremely unfavorable network conditions could introduce delays beyond the tolerable limit and lock the power system into a continually unstable mode, while favorable network conditions enhance damping of the local and inter-area oscillations of the power system.
Buying Stability: The Distributive Outcomes of Private Politics in the Bolivian Mining Industry

Social movements and interest groups in developing countries increasingly challenge large firms to influence their behavior and make direct claims for redistribution of the gains from economic activity. In response to such private politics, firms seek to maintain political support in the localities in which they operate so that they can avoid conflict and secure access to resources. To secure local support and defuse opposition, some firms take actions that expand access to essential public goods, services, and economic opportunities, while others use targeted clientelistic benefits that reward only a few. What accounts for this variation? Answering this question is key to identifying the development consequences of private politics. This article explores this question through a study of multinational mining firms operating in Bolivia, drawing on qualitative data from interviews as well as an original household survey. It shows that the political structures and organization in the localities in which firms operate create distinct incentives for firms to distribute benefits in targeted or inclusive ways. This finding contributes to studies of the local politics of natural resources and firm responses to social contestation.
Evaluation of Commercial Truck Parking Detection for Rest Areas

Florida’s interstate rest areas are heavily utilized by commercial trucks for overnight parking. Many of these rest areas regularly experience 100% utilization of available commercial truck parking...
Predictors of Admission After the Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Pathway for Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery.

BACKGROUND:Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways in gynecologic surgery have been shown to decrease length of stay with no impact on readmission, but no study has assessed predictors of admission in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of admission after la
Current concepts in Barlow’s valve reconstruction

Degenerative mitral valve diseases constitute a spectrum of lesions, varying from simple chordal rupture involving prolapse of an isolated segment in an otherwise normal valve to multisegmental prolapse involving one or both leaflets in a valve with significant excess tissue and a large annular size. Barlow syndrome is the most advanced and complex entity in this spectrum and is distinguished by the characteristic presence of diffuse and complex redundancy of the valve due to myxomatous degeneration (◘ Fig. 12.1a), producing prolapse of multiple segments in one or both leaflets (◘ Fig. 12.1b). Severe annular dilatation with giant valve size is evident (ring size ≥36 mm). In addition, varying degrees of annular calcification is often observed, as well as subvalvular fibrosis and calcification of the papillary muscles, in particular the anterior papillary muscle (◘ Fig. 12.1c). Therefore, surgical repair of the Barlow valve may present specific challenges. In this chapter, we describe our systematic approach to Barlow valve repair; we have found it to possible to repair essentially all Barlow valves by consistent application of the outlined principals.
The Holonomic Processes of the Organizational Hologram

The theory of the organizational hologram has, thus far, been built up from a set of basic definitions, some assumptions, some conclusions called propositions and major conclusions called principles. The explanation of the theory in Chapters Five through Ten is devoted to laying down a theoretical base in the analytical pyramid in order to derive and explain the twelve holonomic processes. The twelve holonomic processes are listed in Chapter Three and used in the analysis of White Metals and Manufacturing in Chapter Four. The purpose of this chapter is to develop and explain the twelve holonomic processes.
The Emergence of Place-Based Conservation

Place has emerged as a significant topic within conservation research and practice. The transformative changes connected to contemporary conservation are related to recognition of multi-scaled, social-ecological dynamics; emergent, multi-scaled governance structures; and rising importance of place-specific meanings and local knowledge. These transformative changes are central to place-based conservation and closely tied to the social sciences. There is no singular approach to place-based conservation; however there are ways to organize the complexity of related ideas. This chapter overviews the purpose of the book as a resource for researchers and practitioners to build the conceptual grounding for place-based conservation, including characterizations of the meaning of place, their relevance to conservation, and an explanation for the organization of the book.
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Underlying the Intergenerational Transmission of Maternal Behavior and Infant Abuse in Rhesus Macaques

Parenting style in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) can vary dramatically among individuals along the two orthogonal dimensions of maternal protectiveness and maternal rejection. High rates of maternal rejection can be accompanied by infant abuse. We investigated the effects of exposure to variable parenting styles on offspring behavioral and neuroendocrine development to identify the possiblemechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of maternal behavior and infant abuse. Forty-three non-crossfostered male and female infants and 16 crossfostered female infants were followed through their first three years of life or until they reproduced for the first time. Half of the infants were reared by abusive mothers and half by nonabusive controls. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the serotonin metabolite, 5-HIAA, were measured at six-month intervals. Abused infants were rejected more by their mothers than controls, and infants exposed to higher rates of maternal rejection had significantly lower CSF 5-HIAA in the first three years of life.When the crossfostered females gave birth for the first time, their rates of maternal rejection matched those of their fostermothers and were negatively correlated with CSF 5-HIAA. Approximately half of the females reared by the abusive mothers exhibited abusive parenting, whereas none of the females reared by controls did. The abused females who became abusivemothers had lower CSF 5-HIAA than the abused females who did not. These findings provide evidence that maternal rejection and infant abuse are transmitted across generations and suggest that experience-induced, long-termalterations in brain serotonergic function may play an important role in the intergenerational transmission of normal and abnormal parenting.
Network Models of the Quantum Hall Effect

In the decade since the discovery of the quantum Hall effect (QHE) in two-dimensional electron systems in high magnetic field this phenomenon has received enormous attention both from the experimental and theoretical point of view (Prange and Girvin, 1987). Although many aspects of the effect are now understood based on this work, the actual transport theory of the effect, particularly in the transition regions between quantized plateaus, has remained incomplete. In the past few years, building on earlier work by Halperin (1982), a new approach to this transport theory, based on the scattering properties of states at the fermi surface has been developed by a number of authors (Streda et al., 1987; Jain and Kivelson, 1988a, 1988b; Biittiker, 1988; Baranger and Stone, 1989). In this S-matrix approach, which primarily evolved from applications to mesoscopic conductors, there are N states at the fermi level for every Landau level below eF due to the presence of edges (which break the Landau level degeneracy), and typically N-1 of these states actually carry current along the edge. The S-matrix approach assumes the validity of the independent electron approximation and provides a physically intuitive picture which can account for the integer quantization of the Hall conductance.
Givers, Takers, and New Venture Makers: Why Help-Seeking Processes Are Critical (and Different) for Entrepreneurs

This essay addresses how entrepreneurs seek and receive help when operating new ventures. Specifically, we evaluate the nature of entrepreneurial help-seeking processes, exploring why the entrepreneurial context challenges assumptions of those processes. We then consider the antecedents of help-seeking behavior, how economic and social sources of help are sought by entrepreneurs, and how entrepreneur individual differences bound the relationships between problem characteristics and help-seeking. Finally, we consider the potential individual- and firm-level outcomes of help-seeking in the entrepreneurship context. In sum, this essay seeks to establish an agenda for further empirical and theoretical inquiry into entrepreneur help-seeking.
Chapter 16 – Physical Activity

Epidemiologic studies have assessed physical activity by a variety of different methods, most based on self-reports from questionnaires. The majority of questionnaires focus on leisure activities, neglecting occupational physical activities. Information on frequency and duration of activities is commonly obtained, but few studies assess intensity. Despite the heterogeneity in measurement, meta-analyses of physical activity and AD incidence demonstrate a consistently lower risk in those who exercise regularly (around 50% that of nonexercisers). Considering the prevalence of regular exercise, lower physical activity has the potential to reduce incident AD by 32%. Studies in which exercise was measured in midlife or earlier provide support for a reduction in the risk for AD from physical activities performed decades before the onset of dementia. Observational studies and RCTs have shown that exercise increases brain volume, and in particular hippocampal volume. Animal studies suggest that a reduction in AD pathology can occur if exercise is begun at a sufficiently young age. Exercise can also lower vascular risk, as reflected by reduced white matter hyperintensities in middle-aged adults with greater cardiovascular fitness. Exercise also has been shown to increase the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), facilitating synaptic and brain growth. The association is complex, with long-term chronic aerobic exercise associated with lower mean BDNF serum levels. Carriers of one or more Met alleles in the Val66Met polymorphism for BDNF show increased risk for dementia if they do not regularly exercise, whereas VAL-VAL homozygotes do not show as much benefit from exercise.
Supply Chain Management: The Unsung Hero of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Efforts to address the shortage of mechanical ventilators during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic are well known. However, little is known of the behind the scenes efforts to provide the supplies, without which these devices would have been inoperable. In the final analysis, availability of these supplies was subject to the fundamental, economic forces of supply and demand. A sluggish production system coupled with an exponential increase in the number of severely ill patients resulted in an imbalance between ventilator related supplies and the unprecedented demand for them. As manufacturers struggled to fill orders many went partially or even completely unfilled. Simultaneously, the federal government replenished its ventilator reserve including circuits further increasing the demand. In addition to the increased volume of patients, demand was influenced by the rapid influx of additional ventilators, the need to filter inspired and expired gasses, and the use of transport ventilators in the ICU. Furthermore, use of transport ventilators in the ICUs necessitated manual ventilation of patients during transport increasing the demand for bag-valve resuscitators and PEEP valves. MGH utilizes 1 primary vendor to order supplies from a variety of manufacturers. We describe a pro-active, multifaceted plan to maintain a constant supply of ventilator-associated consumables for the Respiratory Care Department at the Massachusetts General Hospital for the period March 23 – May 11, 2020. Methods: Access strategic reserve to provide an early buffer for diminished receipt of supplies. Alternate use of heated humidifiers, HEPA filters, standard HMEs, and combination HEPA filter/HME without ventilator filters. Identify additional supply chains including acceptable alternative devices, normal third-party supplier and order directly from some manufacturers to promote a steady inflow of supplies. Results: We placed 93 orders with 10 vendors for 600 PEEP valves, 1,850 ICU ventilator circuits, 855 transport ventilator circuits, 4,450 HEPA filters, 1,120 HMEs, and 2,800 HEPA/HMEs, to equip 248 ventilators. Frequently we placed 2 orders to the same manufacturer simultaneously utilizing our primary distributer and ordering directly from the manufacturer. Conclusions: By employing several humidification and filtering techniques and creative purchasing procedures we maintained enough supplies to ventilate 394 patients utilizing 248 ventilators.
Detecting Motion in a Room Using a Dynamic Metasurface Antenna

Sensing motion and distinguishing its source as human or nonhuman, with high precision, has tremendous applications in a variety of areas from health monitoring to energy efficiency. One strategy to achieve this goal is to detect the small motion of breathing, which is a consistent indicator of human presence. Among the many smart sensing schemes proposed, microwave and RF sensors have shown great promise due to their simplicity, privacy, and effective range. In this paper, we propose the use of a dynamic metasurface antenna (DMAs) as an alternative hardware platform for sensing motion inside a residential setting using microwave signals. The proposed device is a single-port planar cavity that excites an array of electronically-tunable metamaterial elements. The DMA can generate spatially diverse patterns at a single frequency, avoiding complexities related to wideband operation or high hardware costs of antenna arrays. We demonstrate that it is capable of detecting minute movements, such as breathing emulated by a mannequin, to distinguish human presence. This motion can be detected whether the target is in the the sensor’s direct line of sight or out of the direct line of sight. Furthermore, we show that the DMA sensing platform requires a single noise-floor calibration and can operate in different room geometries or configurations (e.g. when furniture is displaced). The proposed DMA-sensor with its single frequency operation and simple hardware is an appealing alternative hardware for intruder detection, human presence detection/activity recognition in smart homes, or seamless health monitoring.
A New Genus of Cylindrical Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Zopheridae: Colydiinae) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber

A bizarre cylindrical bark beetle from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber is described as Stegastochlidus saraemcheana, a new genus and species in the subfamily Colydiinae of the family Zopheridae. The male beetle is characterized by elongate protuberances covering its entire dorsal surface, a tarsal formula of 4-4-4 and ten-segmented antennae with the terminal segment expanded into a small club. The fossil is considered to have been a possible predator that lived among moss, lichens and fungi either attached to trees trunks or on the forest floor. A close association with fungi is indicated by strands of conidia attached to the cuticle of the beetle.
Visible-range silicon nitride edge coupler with U-groove passive alignment

We present a novel passive-alignment setup for visible-range edge coupling. CMOS-compatible processes were used to fabricate fiber-fitting U-grooves in alignment with the inverse-tapered waveguides for mode-size conversion. A coupling efficiency of -4.2 dB was measured.
SBA-15 Functionalized with Amines in the Presence of Water: Applications to CO2 Capture and Natural Gas Desulfurization

Conventional and pore expanded SBA-15 were amine-grafted under dry and wet conditions using N1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine. The effects of pore properties and gas hourly space veloc...
The Third Backdoor: How the DSM Casebooks Pathologized Homosexuality.

This study argues that institutional psychiatry’s pathologizing stance on homosexuality persisted after 1973, when the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the Diagnostic and...
The AAG’s Emissions Problem: Achieving Carbon Neutrality in a Post-offset World

Professional organizations like the American Association of Geographers (AAG) face a conundrum and an ethical dilemma: Do we continue to drive and fly around the country, and world, to share our re...
GORE® Cardioform ASD Occluder experience in transcatheter closure of "complex" atrial septal defects.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the GORE® Cardioform ASD Occluder (GCO) (WL Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) device for "complex" atrial septal defects (ASD) closure. BACKGROUND Transcatheter ASD closure is still challenging in "complex" clinical/anatomic settings. This study evaluated the results of GCO in closure of "complex" ASD in a tertiary referral center. METHODS Between January 2020 and March 2021, 72 patients with significant ASD were submitted to transcatheter closure with GCO at our Institution. Based on clinical/anatomic characteristics, they were classified as "complex" (n = 36, Group I) or "simple" (n = 36, Group II). We considered as "complex", defects with rim deficiency ( 1.2 or diameter/patient BSA > 20 mm/m2 ) or within a multifenestrated septum. Procedure results and early outcome were compared between the groups. RESULTS Absolute and relative ASD size (20 ± 4 vs. 15 ± 3 mm, p < 0.0001; 0.9 ± 0.3 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 mm/kg, p < 0.0001; 23 ± 7 vs. 12 ± 5 mm/m2 , p < 0.0001), QP/QS (2.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), procedure and fluoroscopy times (73 ± 36 vs. 43 ± 21 min, p < 0.0001; 16 ± 9 vs. 9 ± 4 min, p < 0.0001, procedure feasibility (94.4 vs. 100%, p < 0.0001) and overall complication rate (13.9 vs. 0%, p < 0.0001) were significantly different between the groups. Successful closure of "surgical" ASDs was achieved in 92% of cases. Complete closure at last follow-up evaluation did not significantly differ between the groups (97.1 vs. 100%, p = NS), as was wireframe fractures rate (49.1% in the overall population), without clinical, EKG and echocardiographic consequences. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous treatment with GCO device is effective and safe in high percentage of "complex" ASDs.
Sécurisation d'un lien radio UWB-IR

Du fait de la nature ouverte et partagee du canal radio, les communications sans fil souffrent de vulnerabilites serieuses en terme de securite. Dans ces travaux de these, je me suis interesse particulierement a deux classes d’attaques a savoir l’attaque par relais et l’attaque par deni de service (brouillage). La technologie de couche physique UWB-IR a connu un grand essor au cours de cette derniere decennie et elle est une candidate interessante pour les reseaux sans fil a courte portee. Mon objectif principal etait d’exploiter les caracteristiques de la couche physique UWB-IR afin de renforcer la securite des communications sans fil. L’attaque par relais peut mettre a defaut les protocoles cryptographiques d’authentification. Pour remedier a cette menace, les protocoles de distance bounding ont ete proposes. Dans ce cadre, je propose deux nouveaux protocoles (STHCP : Secret Time-Hopping Code Protocol et SMCP : Secret Mapping Code Protocol) qui ameliorent considerablement la securite des protocoles de distance bounding au moyen des parametres de la radio UWB-IR. Le brouillage consiste en l’emission intentionnelle d’un signal sur le canal lors du deroulement d’une communication. Mes contributions concernant le probleme de brouillage sont triples. D’abord, j’ai determine les parametres d’un brouilleur gaussien pire cas contre un recepteur UWB-IR non-coherent. En second lieu, je propose un nouveau modele de brouillage par analogie avec les attaques contre le systeme de chiffrement. Troisiemement, je propose une modification rendant la radio UWB-IR plus robuste au brouillage. Enfin, dans une derniere partie de mes travaux, je me suis interesse au probleme d’integrer la securite a un reseau UWB-IR en suivant l’approche d’embedding. Le principe de cette approche consiste a superposer et a transmettre les informations de securite simultanement avec les donnees et avec une contrainte de compatibilite. Ainsi, je propose deux nouvelles techniques d’embedding pour la couche physique UWB-IR afin d’integrer un service d’authentification.
GENERAL PRACTITIONERS' VIEWS ON GENETIC SCREENING FOR COMMON DISEASES

In a questionnaire survey of 359 general practitioners (response rate 94%), 60% accepted the need to provide genetic services, but far fewer felt competent to do so. Nevertheless, as many as 76% had referred patients to a genetics unit in the past year, and 50% had counselled about genetics.
Multimedia authoring, development environments, and digital video editing.

Multimedia systems integrate text, audio, video, graphics, and other media and allow them to be utilized in a combined and interactive manner. Using this exciting and rapidly developing technology, multimedia applications can provide extensive benefits in a variety of arenas, including research, education, medicine, and commerce. While there are many commercial multimedia development packages, the easy and fast creation of a useful, full-featured multimedia document is not yet a straightforward task. This paper addresses issues in the development of multimedia documents, ranging from user-interface tools that manipulate multimedia documents to multimedia communication technologies such as compression, digital video editing and information retrieval. It outlines the basic steps in the multimedia authoring process and some of the requirements that need to be met by multimedia development environments. It also presents the role of video, an essential component of multimedia systems and the role of programming in digital video editing. A model is described for remote access of distributed video. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions and new uses of multimedia documents.