cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moderate alcohol intake and spontaneous eating patterns of humans: evidence of unregulated supplementation

Alcohol's effects on eating were investigated by paying 92 adult humans to maintain 7-d diaries of everything they ingested, the time of ingestion, their subjective state at the time of ingestion, and the number of people present at the time of ingestion. Total intakes, meal sizes, meal compositions, pre- and postmeal intervals, and deprivation and satiety ratios were compared between nondrinkers and drinkers and between meals associated with alcohol ingestion and those without. Univariate and multivariate prediction of meal size and of postmeal interval were also calculated to ascertain alcohol's contribution to the regulation. The results suggest that alcohol supplements rather than displaces macronutrient-supplied calories, that alcohol is associated with prolonged meal durations, and that alcohol calories may be unregulated. Other apparent changes in the meal pattern appear to be artifacts of time of day and meal duration.
Microscopic colitis: a review

Microscopic colitis is a relatively common cause of chronic watery diarrhea, often accompanied by abdominal pain and weight loss. The colonic mucosa appears normal grossly, and the diagnosis is made when there is an intraepithelial lymphocytosis and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. The two main subtypes, collagenous and lymphocytic colitis, are similar clinically and histologically, distinguished by the presence or absence of a thickened subepithelial collagen band. Many potential pathophysiological mechanisms have been described, although none have been conclusively proved. There is a paucity of randomized treatment trials in these patients, although a rational approach to therapy often leads to satisfactory control of symptoms.
Optimized Day-Ahead Pricing for Smart Grids with Device-Specific Scheduling Flexibility

Smart grids are capable of two-way communication between individual user devices and the electricity provider, enabling providers to create a control-feedback loop using time-dependent pricing. By charging users more in peak and less in off-peak hours, the provider can induce users to shift their consumption to off-peak periods, thus relieving stress on the power grid and the cost incurred from large peak loads. We formulate the electricity provider's cost minimization problem in setting these prices by considering consumers' device-specific scheduling flexibility and the provider's cost structure of purchasing electricity from an electricity generator. Consumers' willingness to shift their device usage is modeled probabilistically, with parameters that can be estimated from real data. We develop an algorithm for computing day-ahead prices, and another algorithm for estimating and refining user reaction to the prices. Together, these two algorithms allow the provider to dynamically adjust the offered prices based on user behavior. Numerical simulations with data from an Ontario electricity provider show that our pricing algorithm can significantly reduce the cost incurred by the provider.
The Political–Technical Divide and Collaborative Management in Brazil’s Taquari Basin

Elected officials and managers are both integral players in natural resource management. Politicians and technicians recognize that interdependencies exist, but finding organizational models that effectively integrate the distinct political and technical aspects of these endeavors remains a challenge. In Brazil’s Taquari Basin, leaders formed a watershed-based intermunicipal consortium in an attempt to achieve such integration. The experience of this consortium shows that organizing management around watersheds does not naturally lead to political—technical integration. The institutional separation of political and technical activities within this consortium’s structure generated divergent beliefs about appropriate functions for a watershed-based organization, ultimately impeding collaboration. Efforts to overcome these differences were largely unsuccessful, as the communication strategies employed were based on flawed understandings of the interests and objectives of politicians and technicians, respecti...
Chromosomal Regions Specific to Pathogenic Isolates of Escherichia coli Have a Phylogenetically Clustered Distribution

We studied the ancestry of virulence-associated genes in Escherichia coli by examining chromosomal regions specific to pathogenic isolates. The four virulence determinants examined were the alpha-hemolysin (hly) loci hlyI and hlyII, the type II capsule gene cluster kps, and the P (pap) and S (sfa) fimbria gene clusters. All four loci were shown previously to be associated with pathogenicity islands of uropathogenic E. coli isolates. The hly, kps, sfa, and pap regions each have an unexpected clustered distribution among the E. coli collection of reference (ECOR) strains, but all these regions were absent from a collection of diarrheagenic E. coli isolates. Strains in the ECOR subgroup B2 typically had a combination of at least three of the four loci, and all strains in subgroup D had a copy of the kps and pap clusters. In contrast, only four strains in subgroup A had either hly, kps, sfa, or pap, and no subgroup A strains had all four together. Strains of subgroup B1 were devoid of all four virulence regions, with the exception of one isolate that had a copy of the sfa gene cluster. This phylogenetic distribution of strain-specific sequences corresponds to the ECOR groups with the largest genome size, namely, B2 and D. We propose that the pathogenicity islands are ancestral to subgroups B2 and D and were acquired after speciation, with subsequent horizontal transfer into some group A, B1, and E lineages. These results suggest that the hly, kps, sfa, and pap pathogenicity determinants may play a role in the evolution of enteric bacteria quite apart from, and perhaps with precedence over, their ability to cause disease.
Characterization of crystallinity, orientation, and mechanical properties in biaxially stretched poly(p‐phenylene sulfide) films

In this paper, we describe the preparation and structural characterization of biaxially oriented poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) films. These films were prepared in a biaxial stretching machine at various stretching temperatures, rates, and stretching ratios. Selected samples were constrained annealed at elevated temperatures. The state of orientation was determined by wide angle X-ray diffraction (pole figure determination) and birefringence measurements. The results are expressed in terms of the biaxial orientation functions (ƒ,ƒ). Mechanical properties (tensile modulus, tensile strength, and elongation to break) were obtained as a function of processing conditions and direction in the plane of the films.
Postsynthetic tuning of hydrophilicity in pyrazolate MOFs to modulate water adsorption properties

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted interest as adsorbents in water-based adsorption heat pumps owing to their potential for increased water loading capacities and structural and functional tunability versus traditionally used materials such as zeolites and silica. Although pyrazolate-based MOFs exhibit exceptional hydrolytic stability, the water adsorption characteristics of this class of frameworks have remained unexplored in this context. In this report, we describe the modular synthesis of novel dipyrazole ligands containing naphthalenediimide cores functionalized with –H (H2NDI–H), –NHEt (H2NDI–NHEt), or –SEt (H2NDI–SEt) groups. Reaction of these ligands with Zn(NO3)2 afforded an isostructural series of MOFs, Zn(NDI–X), featuring infinite chains of tetrahedral Zn2+ ions bridged by pyrazolate groups and ∼16 A-wide channels with functionalized naphthalenediimide linkers lining the channel surface. The Type V water adsorption isotherms measured for these materials show water uptake in the 40–50% relative humidity range, suggesting hydrophobic channel interiors. Postsynthetic oxidation of Zn(NDI–SEt) with dimethyldioxirane was used to generate ethyl sulfoxide and ethyl sulfone groups, thereby rendering the channels more hydrophilic, as evidenced by shifts in water uptake to the 30–40% relative humidity range. Such tunability in water adsorption characteristics may find utility in the design of new adsorbents for adsorption-based heat transfer processes. An original MATLAB script, MOF-FIT, which allows for visual modeling of breathing and other structural deformations in MOFs is also presented.
Governance and Interpretation: What are the Implications of Postfoundationalism?

Interpretive approaches to governance include poststructuralism, constructivist institutionalism, practical philosophy and democratic pluralism. All of these interpretive approaches share a focus on meanings, sympathy for bottom-up studies and an emphasis on contingency. All of them also confront theoretical issues that have arisen from the postfoundational turn within philosophy: they face questions about the nature of the meanings we study, the possibilities for recentring given an emphasis on diversity and the normative and policy implications of their approach. Although poststructuralists have made the running in addressing these questions, their answers are ambiguous or even misleading: they often appear, in particular, mistakenly to renounce situated agency along with autonomy. This essay seeks to provide alternative answers to these theoretical questions and thereby to provide a more robust theoretical framework for interpretive approaches to governance.
Answer filtering via text categorization in question answering systems

Modern Information Technologies and Web-based services are faced with the problem of selecting, filtering and managing growing amounts of textual information to which access is usually critical. On one hand, text categorization models allow users to browse more easily the set of texts of their own interests, by navigating in category hierarchies. On the other hand, question/answering is a method of retrieving information from vast document collections. In spite of their shared goal, these two information retrieval techniques have been ever applied separately. In this paper we present a question/answering system that takes advantage from category information by exploiting several models of question and answer categorization. Knowing the question category has the potential of enhancing a more efficient answer extraction mechanism as the matching of the question category with the answer category allows to: (1) re-rank the answers; and (2) eliminate incorrect answers. Experimental results show the effects of question and answer categorization on the overall question answering performance.
Explicit expressions for cascade factorizations of general non-strictly proper systems

The authors present explicit expressions for two different cascade factorizations of any detectable system which is not necessarily left invertible and which is not necessarily strictly proper. The first is a well-known minimum phase/all-pass factorization by which G(s) is written as G/sub m/(s)V(s), where G/sub m/(s) is left invertible and of minimum phase, while V(s) is a stable right invertible all-pass transfer function matrix which has all unstable invariant zeros of G(s) as its invariant zeros. The second is a generalized cascade factorization by which G(s) is written as G/sub M/(s)U(s), where G/sub M/(s) is left invertible and of minimum-phase with its invariant zeros at desired locations in the open left-half s-plane, while U(s) is a stable right invertible system which has all awkward invariant zeros, including the unstable invariant zeros of G(s), as its invariant zeros, and is asymptotically all-pass. >
Incidence and concurrent laparoscopic repair of intra-abdominal testis and contralateral patent processus vaginalis.

Objectives Laparoscopic orchiopexy is commonly practiced for the intra-abdominal testis. To a lesser extent, laparoscopy has offered an alternative approach to the inguinal hernia in children. We sought to determine the incidence of contralateral hernias in children with an intra-abdominal testis and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of performing concurrent laparoscopic orchiopexy and herniorrhaphy. Methods We reviewed a single-surgeon experience with laparoscopic orchiopexy from 2001 to 2007. Boys were included in this report if they had had a concurrent open contralateral internal inguinal ring. The laparoscopic approach was used to repair the open ring and to perform the orchiopexy. Follow-up consisted of physical examinations for ≥4 months postoperatively. Results A total of 64 boys (aged 8 months to 4 years) underwent laparoscopic orchiopexy for nonpalpable testes. Of these 64 boys, 7 (9.1%) had an intra-abdominal testis and a contralateral patent processus vaginalis (4 left, 3 right). Evidence of air was seen within the processus vaginalis in 5 of the 7 patients. The internal ring was closed laparoscopically concurrent with the laparoscopic orchiopexy in all 7 boys. No postoperative complications had developed after a minimal follow-up of 4 months. All cases were performed on an outpatient basis, except for 1 boy with Prader-Willi syndrome for whom it was decided preoperatively to have him stay overnight for respiratory observation. Conclusions Routine inspection of the contralateral internal ring should be performed during laparoscopic orchiopexy. The incidence of an open ring in our study was about 9%. The concurrent laparoscopic repair of the hernia is not technically challenging and can be performed safely and successfully.
AN AFLP APPROACH TO IDENTIFY GENETIC MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO VIBRIO VULNIFICUS AND PERKINSUS MARINUS IN EASTERN OYSTERS

Abstract We conducted an arbitrary fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis followed by tests of association to search for potential genetic markers associated with resistance to infection by Vibrio vulnificus and Perkinsus marinus in a sample of North Carolina oysters. We used 48 AFLP markers and found significant associations for two of these markers with the incidence of infection of P. marinus and two separate markers associated with the magnitude of infection of V. vulnificus. Further, there was evidence of epistatic interactions of genes affecting infection levels of both pathogens. This suggests existence of genes or groups of genes that are located on chromosome fragments close to the identified AFLP markers and that act directly or indirectly (through epistasis) to control the levels of infection by these microorganisms in oysters. The impact of the direct and epistatic effects of these unknown genes on infection level variability amounted to about 40% for both P. marinus and V. vulnificus. T...
Structural Synaptic Correlates of Learning and Memory

The majority of excitatory synapses in the brain are found on small dendritic protrusions called spines. Although the primary postsynaptic component of a synapse, the postsynaptic density (PSD), can only be resolved at the electron microscopic level, recent studies at the light microscopic level have shown that dendritic spines are extremely dynamic, capable of changing their shape and disappearing or emerging de novo from dendritic shafts. Despite the potential limitation of electron microscopic studies providing only a snapshot of the brain at a single time point, several groups have provided evidence of learning-related synaptic plasticity that corresponds well to what is known about cytoskeletal changes among dendritic spines. An emerging view from these electron microscopic studies is that learning involves the formation of new axospinous synapses and a remodeling of existing ones that includes alterations in their size, and perhaps strength. The application of modern methodologies to electron microscopy, such as unbiased stereological sampling and postembedding immunogold localization of synaptic proteins, will continue to elaborate our understanding of synaptic plasticity associated with learning, while also complementing research conducted at the electrophysiological and light microscopic levels.
The political economy of Euro-African fishing agreements

Over the past two decades there have been a series of agreements between the European Union (EU)' and several African coastal states granting access to the latter's pelagic fisheries resources to European fishermen. Proponents of these agreements present them not only as an optimal strategy for the sustainable management of these natural resources, but also as a means of transferring technology and furthering the economic development of the African signatory countries. Other studies, however, condemn these agreements as another opportunity for exploitation and for fostering the continued dependence of African countries on Europe. More specifically, the agreements allegedly have had for Africa only negative results-namely, overfishing, undernourishment, and undercompensation.2 Most of these scholarly debates on the merits or drawbacks of these agreements for African states are now dated, and with the deepening economic crises in Africa since the late 1970s and the growing crises in world fisheries, it is important to reexamine the agreements in the light of Africa's quest for alternative development strategies in the less friendly post-Cold War period. In addition, some of the agreements have been reworked and renewed, supposedly to respond to many of the criticisms of the earlier pacts and to reflect current trends in the development debate. A number of extant studies also tend to be country-specific, or focused on one subregion of Africa.3 More important, studies of the role of
Neuroscience Neurotransmitter-tailored dendritic trees

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mature brain but functions as an excitatory transmitter in the developing nervous system ( 1 , 2 ). GABA has also been identified as a trophic factor stimulating growth of the embryonic nervous system ( 3 , 4 ). On page 554 of this issue, Chen and Kriegstein ( 5 ) forge a link between neuronal excitation by GABA, calcium signaling, and the morphogenesis of specific neocortical neurons in the growing brain, setting a new standard for analysis of activity-dependent neuronal circuit assembly. The changes in dendritic trees that they report are consistent with those observed in schizophrenia and autism ( 6 , 7 ).
Ground state of metallic hydrogen

A proposed liquid state of metallic hydrogen at zero temperature is explored, and a variational upper bound to the ground-state energy is calculated. It is shown that the possibility that metallic hydrogen is a liquid around the metastable point (${r}_{s}=1.64$) cannot be ruled out. This conclusion crucially hinges on the contribution to the energy arising from the third order in the electron-proton interaction, which is shown here to be more significant in the liquid phase than in crystals.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Diaminoquinazolines as β-Catenin/Tcf4 Pathway Inhibitors

More than 50 new diaminoquinazoline derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in a colon carcinoma cell growth inhibition assay using HCT116 and SW480 cells. Twenty compounds with good cell growth inhibitory activities (<4 μM) were tested as inhibitors of the β-catenin/T cell transcription factor 4 (Tcf4) signaling pathway using a HCT116 cell-based luciferase reporter assay. Results from the biological activities as well as the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of the properties of the molecules yielded a preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR). Three potent compounds, 74, 78, and 86, showed IC50 values <1 μM for growth inhibition of HCT116 cells and ∼1 μM for SW480 cells, as well as IC50 values of 1.5–2.5 μM for HCT116 cells with the luciferase reporter assay.
Are papillary microcarcinomas of the thyroid gland revealed by cervical adenopathy more aggressive

Therapeutic attitudes for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) range from observation alone to aggressive management. Clinicopathologic features, therapeutic options, and follow-up results are described in a series of PTMC revealed by cervical adenopathies. Twelve patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were all treated by total/near-total thyroidectomy with dissection of suspect cervical lymph nodes followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) and suppressive L-thyroxine therapies. Mean age at diagnosis was 32 years with a mean elapsed time to diagnosis of 45.3 months. Fine needle aspiration cytology and excisional biopsy of the lymph node led to a diagnosis in all cases. Cervical mass was ipsilateral to primary tumor in six patients (50%). Multifocality, bilaterality, and capsular invasion were encountered in 66.7, 66.7, and 41.7 per cent of patients, respectively. Lymph node involvement was bilateral in seven patients (58.3%) of whom thyroid foci were unilateral in two. No complications of thyroidectomy were encountered. At 60-month-follow up, no recurrence or metastasis was noted. PTMC revealed by cervical lymph node metastasis shows aggressive clinicopathologic features. They must be considered as papillary thyroid cancers and managed by total/near-total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node exploration followed by RAI therapy and suppressive L-thyroxine doses.
High-yield synthesis and single-crystal x-ray structure of a plutonium(III) aquo complex:.

The aquo complex of Pu(III) is 9-coordinate with an ideal tricapped trigonal-prismatic geometry. The cation was crystallized as the triflate salt in quantitative yield from dissolution of Pu metal in triflic acid. Structural comparisons with analogous lanthanide aquo complexes are presented.
Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions associated with vasoconstrictors. Part V of a series

ABSTRACT Background Adrenergic vasoconstrictors are commonly used by dentists to enhance the pain-relieving action of local anesthetics and to control local bleeding. Although normally considered safe for these applications, vasoconstrictors can participate in drug interactions that potentially are harmful to patients. Methods The faculty of a March 1998 symposium entitled “Adverse Drug Interactions in Dentistry: Separating the Myths From the Facts” extensively reviewed the literature on drug interactions. They then established a significance rating of alleged adverse drug interactions pertaining to dentistry, based on the quality of documentation and severity of effect. The author of this article focused on the adrenergic vasoconstrictors epinephrine and levonordefrin. Results Vasoconstrictor drug interactions involving tricyclic antidepressants, nonselective β-adrenergic blocking drugs, certain general anesthetics and cocaine are well-documented in both humans and animals as having the potential for causing serious morbidity or death. Evidence for adverse interactions involving adrenergic neuronal blocking drugs, drugs with α-adrenergic blocking activity, local anesthetics and thyroid hormones is much less compelling, suggesting for the most part that clinically significant reactions may occur only when both the vasoconstrictor and the interacting drug are used in excessive doses. In the case of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, there is no credible evidence of a significant interaction with epinephrine or levonordefrin. Conclusions Potentially serious adverse drug interactions involving adrenergic vasoconstrictors can occur in dental practice. In most circumstances, careful administration of small doses of vasoconstrictors and avoidance of gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine, coupled with monitoring of vital signs, will permit these drugs to be used with no risk or only minimally increased risk. Only in the case of cocaine intoxication must adrenergic vasoconstrictors be avoided completely. Clinical Implications For optimal patient safety, dentists must recognize potential drug interactions involving adrenergic vasoconstrictors and modify their use of these agents accordingly.
Mapping Festivals: Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Brazil in the Lusophone World

International theatre festivals are sites where participants and attendees alike can explore national identity, transnationalism, and global connections. Such issues are often informed by language, which is itself often connected to economics. In this chapter, I examine how festival venues may be indicators of broader trends in the global economy and in diplomatic relations among countries in a transnational community. I trace the histories of the three international theatre festivals at the core of this book — the Mindelact International Theatre Festival in Cape Verde, the Festival d’Agosto in Mozambique, and FESTLIP in Brazil — in the context of the wider Lusophone world. While the Brazilian festival supports the notion that Portuguese is viable as a global language and cultural unifier, the festivals in Cape Verde and Mozambique have ultimately called that idea into question. As evidence, I examine critical shifts in the statutes, practices, and funding sources of the festivals over time and the new social imaginaries about lusofonia that theatre troupes from Lusophone African countries give birth to on festival stages.
On the relationships in rhesus macaques between chronic ethanol consumption and the brain transcriptome.

This is the first description of the relationship between chronic ethanol self-administration and the brain transcriptome in a non-human primate (rhesus macaque). Thirty-one male animals self-administered ethanol on a daily basis for over 12 months. Gene transcription was quantified with RNA-Seq in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and cortical Area 32. We constructed coexpression and cosplicing networks, and we identified areas of preservation and areas of differentiation between regions and network types. Correlations between intake and transcription included largely distinct gene sets and annotation categories across brain regions and between expression and splicing; positive and negative correlations were also associated with distinct annotation groups. Membrane, synaptic and splicing annotation categories were over-represented in the modules (gene clusters) enriched in positive correlations (CeA); our cosplicing analysis further identified the genes affected only at the exon inclusion level. In the CeA coexpression network, we identified Rab6b, Cdk18 and Igsf21 among the intake-correlated hubs, while in the Area 32, we identified a distinct hub set that included Ppp3r1 and Myeov2. Overall, the data illustrate that excessive ethanol self-administration is associated with broad expression and splicing mechanisms that involve membrane and synapse genes.
Voter Turnout in the 2000 Presidential Election: A Cross Section Analysis Study

The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis that identifies the motivation of people who vote in the 2000 presidential election. We examine the influence that major issues, such as socioeconomic factors, as well as minor or regional issues have had upon registration and voter turnout. In order to analyze the effect of these factors on registration and voter turnout, a cross sectional study is performed rather than panel study since certain issues may influence one election but not others. One of the main contributions to the literature is that the Federal Tax Liability and the Federal Marginal Tax Rate highly correlated with registration and turnout. Moreover, we find that the Federal tax liability has a higher correlation than education and age. In addition, we find that being a battleground state has a great influence on voter turnout but not on registration. In the estimation section, we employ the sample selection bias correction using a two-step probit; this technique helps to learn more about the non-registered citizens. One of the main empirical findings is that if non-registrants were eligible to vote on Election Day, between 4-8% would be likely to do so.
Fully Integrated Fluorescence Biosensors On-Chip Employing Multi-Functional Nanoplasmonic Optical Structures in CMOS

Integrated optical system-on-chip in silicon operating in the visible range can have a tremendous impact on enabling new applications in sensing and imaging through the ultra-miniaturization of complex optical instrumentation. CMOS technology has allowed an integration of optical detection circuitry for image sensors with massively large number of pixels. In this paper, we focus on techniques to realize complex optical-field processing elements inside CMOS by exploiting optical interaction with sub-wavelength metal nanostructures realized in the electrical interconnects layers, whose feature sizes are now in the sub-100-nm range. In particular, we present a fully integrated fluorescence-based bio-molecular sensor in 65-nm CMOS with integrated nanoplasmonic waveguide-based filters capable of more than 50 dB of rejection ratio across a wide range of incident angles. Co-designed with the integrated photo-detection circuitry, capacitive TIAs, and correlated double-sampling circuitry, the sensor is capable of detecting 48 zeptomoles of quantum dots on the surface with 52 fA of photodetector current with a fluorescence/excitation ratio of nearly −62 dB without any post-fabrication, external optical filters, lenses, or collimators. The ability to integrate complex nanoplasmonic metal structures with unique optical properties in CMOS with no post-processing creates the opportunity to enable large multiplexed assays on a single chip and a wide variety of applications, from in vitro to in vivo .
Comparing layer types for the use of PavementME for asphalt emulsion Full Depth Reclamation design

Abstract While Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) has many potential cost and environmental benefits, it is necessary to ensure that the pavement with recycled materials will perform adequately. One way this can be accomplished is understanding how to best complete the structural design of FDR pavements. Because FDR is a composite material, it does not fit neatly into any of the existing material characterization models considered by the AASHTOWare Pavement ME design (PavementME) software. Until a new layer type is developed that considers the unique properties of these recycled, stabilized base courses, it is essential to understand how to use existing structural design tools to model FDR in a way that accurately captures its structural benefits. In this research, three different FDR mixtures were tested to obtain all necessary material properties required as inputs for PavementMe to consider this material as both asphalt concrete (AC) and unbound granular material (UGM). Using traffic information from the two Arkansas highways climate data, two different MEPDG models were created for each mixture, one characterizing the FDR layer as AC and the other as UGM. A stronger correlation was found to exist between temperature and modulus, rather than stress state and modulus. All distress predictions by PavementME were higher for the FDR as UGM except AC rutting for one mixture and bottom-up fatigue cracking. Overall, considering FDR as AC seemed to more accurately account for the structural benefits of FDR.
Reaction of CO2 with Groups 4 and 6 Transition Metal Oxide Clusters

Density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster theory (CCSD(T)) were used to study the addition of CO2 to group 4 (MO2)n and group 6 (MO3)n (n = 1, 2, 3) nanoclusters. The structures and energetics arising from Lewis acid–base addition (physisorption) and formation of CO32– (chemisorption) of CO2 to these clusters were predicted. Physisorption and chemisorption of CO2 are predicted to be thermodynamically allowed for group 4 (MO2)n clusters, with chemisorption being more favored energetically. Correlations of the ligand binding energies (LBEs) for the group 4 clusters are made with the fluoride affinities and M–O and M═O bond strengths of the clusters. The LBEs for chemisorption on the Zr and Ti clusters are consistent with published experimental and computational studies of bulk solids. Physisorption LBEs for the Ti and Zr clusters are more exothermic than the bulk values, as the cluster models allow for better relaxation at the metal sites. Chemisorption is not predicted to occur with group 6 (MO3)...
Testing quarkonium production with photoproduced J / ψ + γ

I compute the leading color-octet contributions to the process {gamma}+p{r_arrow}J/{psi}+{gamma}(+X) within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization formalism. In the color-singlet model, J/{psi}+{gamma} can only be produced when the photon interacts through its structure function, while the color-octet mechanism allows for production of J/{psi}+{gamma} via direct photon-gluon fusion. Resolved photon processes can be distinguished easily from direct photon processes by examining the fraction of the incident photon energy carried away by the J/{psi} in the event. Therefore, this process provides a conclusive test of the color-octet mechanism. J/{psi}+{gamma} production is particularly sensitive to the NRQCD matrix element which figures prominently in the fragmentation production of J/{psi} at large p{sub {perpendicular}} in hadron colliders. I also examine the predictions of the color evaporation model (CEM) of quarkonium production and find that this process can easily discriminate between the NRQCD factorization formalism and the CEM. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Involuntary Civil Commitment: The Moral Issues

In considering some of the distinctly moral issues raised by the treatment of the mentally ill, perhaps the most striking fact is the frequency with which coercion in one form or another is used on the patient, the treatment being, as a result, involuntary. Coercion is most obvious and dramatic when persons are involuntarily committed to mental hospitals, though it of course occurs in more subtle ways as well. I shall therefore discuss a number of related moral issues that this use of coercion creates, with particular emphasis on the justification of involuntary civil commitment; the principles relevant to involuntary commitment are relevant as well to involuntary treatment of committed or uncommitted persons. My aim will be to lay out some of the underlying moral principles and distinctions on the basis of which such issues can be profitably discussed and clarified, even if not settled. Since involuntary commitment of the mentally ill has frequently come under attack, I will be particularly interested in which, if any, of the common arguments against it are successful. While laws governing civil commitment provide an obvious point of departure for much discussion in this area, I will be concerned here with the moral positions that ought to form the basis of legal policy.
Dune: A Geobotanical Model of Foredune Development

The purpose of this investigation is to illucidate the role of Ammophila breviligulata in the formation of foredunes in the Northeast United States. Earlier investigation by the author have shown the ability to model the dynamic interaction between plant growth and sand transport. Six simulations were run eith varying conditions of wind speed and drift-line establishment for a period of 14 years. The results of the simulations indicate that one study site is in a junivile pahse, while the other is more mature. The reason for this comes from the fact that the equilibrium shape (steep windward face and shallow leeward side) is similar to second site, even with starting conditions from the first site. It was also concluded that the juvenile form was most affected by the wind power, while the older form was not. Only the dune crest height of the older shape was affected by the wind power.
The X-ray debye temperature of tungsten

The x-ray Debye temperature (θM) of tungsten has been measured to be 377 ± 11°K. The method used was the measurement of the integrated intensity of the {310} and {321} reflections at two temperatures.
"Where to Take Risks and Where to Lay Low": Tensions between Preservice Teacher Learning and Program Ideological Coherence.

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how two teacher candidates in an equity-focused preparation program negotiated among multiple perspectives about teaching the English Language Arts in linguistically and...
Shoulder Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Involvement of the shoulder is a common source of disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Almost one fifth of the patients still experience an inadequate response to pharmacological therapy and therefore need sufficient surgical reconstructive treatment. Nevertheless, age at time of surgery could be increased significantly. Especially in cases with a destroyed shoulder joint, several challenges are remaining: erosions and osteopenia/osteoporosis resulting in loss of bone stock and a higher risk for periprosthetic fractures as well as component loosening and a high risk of periprosthetic infections because of immunosuppressive medication. In addition, insufficiency of the rotator cuff (RC) plays a fundamental role in the diseases preoperative as well as postoperative course after arthroplasty. Several inserts could be used, ranging from humeral resurfacing and stemless arthroplasty to reverse arthroplasty with and without bony reconstruction. Regarding the literature, total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) results in better functional results compared to hemiarthroplasty (HA) but with higher incidence of radiolucent lines, especially of the glenoid component. However summing up, limited research evidence exists to give an established guidance for clinical decisions about shoulder arthroplasty in RA. Therefore, shoulder arthroplasty in RA remains highly ambitious and requires a patient-related individual and sophisticated approach.
Prediction of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease Using Statistical Inference and Lower–Limb Acceleration Data

The freezing of gait (FoG) is a common type of motor dysfunction in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with falls. Over the last decade, a significant amount of studies has been focused on detecting FoG episodes in clinical and home environments. Yet, there remains a paucity of techniques regarding real-time prediction of FoG before its occurrence. In this paper, a new algorithm was employed to define the best combination of sensor position, axis, sampling window length, and features to predict FoG. We hypothesized that gait deterioration before FoG onsets can be discriminated from normal gait using statistical analysis of features from successive windows of data collected from lower-limb accelerometers. We defined a new performance measure, “predictivity”, to compare the number of correctly predicted FoG events among different combinations. We characterized the system performance using data from 10 PD patients, who experienced FoG while performing several walking tasks in a lab environment. The analysis of 120 different combinations revealed that prediction of FoG can be realized by using an individual shank sensor and sample entropy calculated from the horizontal forward axis with window length of 2 s (88.8%, 92.5%, and 89.0% for average predictivity, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively).
Parallels Between Near-Death Experience Prophetic Visions and Prophecies from the Bible and Mormon Holy Writ

In 1982, Kenneth Ring identified a phenomenon where some near-death experiencers were permitted to see a picture of the Earth's future as a “prophetic vision” or PV. In his study of the PV, Ring identified five elements of the PV for the future of the Earth as geophysical changes, meteorological changes, supply and economic breakdowns, nuclear war, and a new era of love and world peace. He also mentioned two other features, the death of many and a time frame for the elements. A comparison of the events of near-death experience prophetic visions of the Earth's future and prophecies from the Bible and the Mormons' Doctrine and Covenants shows nearly complete agreement. These catastrophic events are prophesied to occur on the Earth into the 21st century and to culminate with a new world of peace that is constituted of good people.
Fully connecting the Observational Health Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI) initiative with the world of linked open data

The usage of controlled biomedical vocabularies is the cornerstone that enables seamless interoperability when using a common data model across multiple data sites. The Observational Health Data Science and Informatics (OHDSI) initiative combines over 100 controlled vocabularies into its own. However, the OHDSI vocabulary is limited in the sense that it combines multiple terminologies and does not provide a direct way to link them outside of their own self-contained scope. This issue makes the tasks of enriching feature sets by using external resources extremely difficult. In order to address these shortcomings, we have created a linked data version of the OHDSI vocabulary, connecting it with already established linked resources like bioportal, bio2rdf, etc. with the ultimate purpose of enabling the interoperability of resources previously foreign to the OHDSI universe.
Brooklyn Tides: The fall and rise of a global borough, by Benjamin Shepard and Mark Noonan

Brooklyn does not suffer from lack of attention. It is one of the most discussed and written about places in the English-speaking world. This despite not even being its own city since the merger wi...
Evaluating the Impact of Penile Girth Discrepancy on Patient Bother in Men With Peyronie's Disease: An Observational Study.

Abstract Background Men with Peyronie's disease (PD) may experience penile narrowing. Little data on penile girth changes and their psychosocial impact exist. Aim To assess girth discrepancy in men with PD and its association with patient bother. Methods This was a retrospective observational study. All patients with PD at our institution who were seen in the sexual medicine clinic and who completed 3 validated instruments the PD questionnaire (PDQ), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire, and a depression questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and a curvature assessment were included. Patient and PD characteristics are described. Associations of instability and bother to girth differences are assessed. 2 outcomes for girth differences are classified as (i) girth difference of ≥ 1 cm vs less and (ii) girth differences of ≥10% vs less. Unadjusted and adjusted effects of PD and patient characteristics are assessed on the outcome of high bother using logistic regression models. Outcomes The main outcomes of this study were penile girth changes, instability, and questionnaire scores. High bother was defined as a PDQ bother score of ≥9. Results A total of131 men had midshaft curvature and were the focus of the study. Their mean age was 59 ± 9 (range 31–78) years. PD duration was 16 ± 25 (range 1–180) months, with a mean degree of primary curvature of 37 ± 20o. Mean girth difference between base and point of maximum curvature was 0.78 ± 0.53 cm equating to a mean girth difference at point of maximum curvature of 6 ± 4%. Instability was present in 53% of men. There were 54 men with a girth difference of ≥ 1 cm and 23 men with a ≥10% change in girth. There was no difference in CES-D, SEAR, or PDQ domain scores or high bother in men with significant girth changes. Univariable analysis of predictors of high bother included the degree of curvature (odds ratio [OR]: 1.06; P Clinical Implications Penile girth changes have little impact on overall psychosocial well-being. The degree of penile curvature is the primary predictor of patient bother. Strengths and Limitations Strengths include a large patient population and use of validated questionnaires. Limitations include single-center, retrospective study and subjective instability grading. Conclusions Penile girth discrepancy in men with PD has limited psychosocial impact. Clinically significant bother was associated with the degree of primary curvature. Salter CA, Nascimento B, Terrier, JE, et al. Evaluating the Impact of Penile Girth Discrepancy on Patient Bother in Men With Peyronie's Disease: An Observational Study. J Sex Med 2020;17:1560–1565.
Fukaya A∞-structures Associated to Lefschetz Fibrations. II

Consider the Fukaya category associated to a Lefschetz fibration. It turns out that the Floer cohomology of the monodromy around ∞ gives rise to natural transformations from the Serre functor to the identity functor, in that category. We pay particular attention to the implications of that idea for Lefschetz pencils.
Action Coordination in Non-Human Self-Organizing Collectives: Multidisciplinary Lessons From Living and Nonliving Systems

While interpersonal coordination, collective intelligence, and self-organization have been fundamental in the study of human social interaction over the past several decades, these phenomena have a...
On SUSY Breaking And \chiSB From String Duals

We find regular string duals of three dimensional N=1 SYM with a Chern-Simons interaction at level k for SO and Sp gauge groups. Using the string dual we exactly reproduce the conjectured pattern of supersymmetry breaking proposed by Witten by showing that there is dynamical supersymmetry breaking for k = h/2, where h is the dual Coxeter number of the gauge group. We also find regular string duals of four dimensional N=1 SYM for SO and Sp gauge groups and exactly reproduce the expected pattern of chiral symmetry breaking Z_{2h}--> Z_2 by analyzing the symmetries of the string solution.
Detecting, localizing, and quantifying damage using two-dimensional sensing sheet: lab test and field application

Damage to structures in the form of cracks could reduce safety and induce high maintenance cost. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is increasingly employed to detect damage in the structure and inform the stakeholders in a timely manner to allow rehabilitation actions. Reliable crack detection, localization, and quantification are, hence, extremely important. To achieve this goal, a dense network of sensors is often required. Damages even a meter away from sensors are often unable to be detected reliably by a sensing system. Creating a dense network of sensors using the commonly used point sensors (e.g., strain gages) or distributed one-dimensional sensors (e.g., fiber-optic sensors) is expensive and often practically impossible. Sensing sheet is a distributed two-dimensional thin-film sensor comprising of a dense array of resistive strain gage units developed at Princeton University. Based on the principles of large-area electronics (LAE), this thin-film sensor provides an affordable solution to reliably detect and localize damage. This paper derives analytical models for damage detection, localization, and quantification based on sensing sheet. Laboratory experiments are performed by creating artificial damage to verify these models and highlight their uses. Further, the damage quantification algorithm is used to estimate the crack opening in a shrinkage crack on the foundation of the pedestrian bridge at Princeton University. Finally, the results and future research directions are discussed.
Are they still called late? The effect of notice period on calls of convertible bonds

Abstract When calling its convertible bonds, a company must typically give bondholders a notice period of about 30 days to decide whether to convert the bonds. This notice period affects the optimal call policy for convertible bonds. After accounting for the notice period, convertible bonds in our sample would have been optimally called when the stock was at about an 11% premium (median) relative to the conversion price. We show that after properly accounting for the call notice period and other factors, the median excess call premium is less than 4%—substantially less than the 26–44% call premium previous researchers have documented.