cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficiency optimization in ionically self-assembled thin film polymer light-emitting diodes

We present detailed studies of polymer light emitting diodes fabricated from ionically self-assembled monolayer thin films. The ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) films are created with a new thin film fabrication technique that allows detailed structural and thickness control at the molecular level. The ISAM fabrication method simply involves the dipping of a charged substrate alternately into polycationic and polyanionic aqueous solutions at room temperature. Importantly, the ISAM technique yields exceptionally homogeneous, large area films with excellent control of total film thickness. Our studies concentrate on improving the performance of ISAM light emitting diodes that include poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The individual thickness of each monolayer and the interpenetration of adjacent layers can be precisely manipulated through the parameters of the electrolyte solutions. The effects of the pH and ionic strength of the immersion solutions, the total film thickness, and the PPV thermal conversion parameters on the photoluminescence and electroluminescence yields have been systematically studied. Through the ISAM process we can also deposit well-defined thicknesses of different polymers at the indium tin oxide and aluminum electrode interfaces. The interface layers are found to affect the electroluminescence efficiency.
B-ware of allosensitized graft rejection

[Comment on Taylor et al, page 1307][1]In elegant murine experiments, Taylor and colleagues have demonstrated that preformed antibody represents the primary engraftment barrier in allosensitized hosts, and have identified interventions to target this biology for potential clinical benefit. Graft
Synthesis and Characterization of La3NbSe2O4F2

Abstract Crystals of the unusual oxyfluoroselenide La 3 NbSe 2 O 4 F 2 were obtained during the exploration of the quaternary La/Nb/Cu/Se system. Oxygen was extracted from the silica tube, while fluorine was present as a minor impurity in the La powder. The compound crystallizes in space group D 16 2 h - Pnma of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in a cell with dimensions: a = 11.290(4), b = 4.001(1), and c = 18.062(4) A ( T = 113 K). The structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. The presence of F in the crystals was confirmed by windowless EDAX measurements. The two F sites were distinguished from the four O sites from a combination of the X-ray refinement and a bond-valence parameter calculation made with the program EUTAX. In the structure the Nb atom is octahedrally coordinated while each of the three independent La atoms is in a tricapped trigonal prism. The Nb atom is bound to one Se atom and five O atoms while the three La sites are coordinated by various combinations of Se, O, and F atoms. The NbO 5 Se octahedra corner share and the LaSe x O y F z tricapped trigonal prisms face share in the b direction.
Comparison of histopathology caused by Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii in three species of Pacific salmon

. The histopathology associated with naturally acquired vibriosis in chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), fingerlings caused by Vibrio anguillarum was compared with that caused by infection with Vibrio ordalii. Pathogenesis of the two forms was found to be different. Bacteraemia caused by V. anguillarum occurred in the early stages with pronounced histopathological changes in blood, loose connective tissue, kidney, spleen, gills and posterior gastrointestinal tract. Bacterial cells appeared uniformly dispersed throughout the affected tissues but were most abundant in the blood. With V. ordalii, bacteraemia developed only in late stages of the disease and the concentration of bacterial cells per ml of blood was less than in the V. anguillarum infection by a factor of 102–103. Tissues with most pronounced changes were skeletal and cardiac muscle, anterior and posterior gastrointestinal tract and the gills. Vibrio ordalii observed in the tissues was not evenly dispersed but was present within tissue as colonies or aggregates of cells. The differences in pathology observed in naturally infected chum salmon were produced experimentally with each pathogen by waterborne exposure of chum; coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum); and chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum). Severe decreases in circulating leucocytes accompanied bacteraemia caused by either bacterial species.
The Impact of Training on Caregiver Responsiveness

An evaluation of the impact of training on caregiver responsiveness was conducted to examine changes in caregiver behavior. Six infant and toddler child care caregivers were observed prior to and following a 6-hour statewide training, based on the Right from Birth series (Ramey & Ramey, 1999). This training focused on caregiver responsiveness to infants and toddlers that was measured using a multiple baseline design. Observers examined both positive and negative caregiver behaviors that were categorized as either active or passive. Following the training, an increase in positive caregiver behaviors and a decrease in negative caregiver behaviors were observed. These results support the importance of training programs and the requirements of regulations for training of child care providers.
Efficient distributed mesh data structure for parallel automated adaptive analysis

For the purpose of efficiently supporting parallel mesh-based simulations, we developed a partition model and a distributed mesh data management system that is able to shape its mesh data structure dynamically based on the user’s representational needs to provide the needed representation at a minimum cost (memory and time), called Flexible distributed Mesh DataBase (FMDB). The purpose of the partition model is to represent mesh partitioning and support mesh-level parallel operations through inter-processor communication links. FMDB has been used to efficiently support parallel automated adaptive analysis processes in conjunction with existing analysis engines.
Educational intervention, revised instrument sterilization methods, and comprehensive preoperative skin preparation protocol reduce cesarean section surgical site infections

Background In 2005, of the approximately 4 million births in the United States, 30% were by cesarean section (C-section) delivery, which translates to roughly over 1 million C-sections in 2005 alone. C-section is associated with higher morbidity than vaginal delivery. Women who undergo C-section are 5 times more likely to develop a postpartum infection after delivery than women who undergo vaginal delivery. Objective Estimates of surgical site infection (SSI) after C-section range from 1.50 to 2.64. A quality improvement initiative was implemented at the University of Minnesota Medical School to reduce rates of SSI using changes based on recommended care initiatives. Methods The multidisciplinary team developed a comprehensive staff education and training program, added a preoperative skin preparation protocol using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) no-rinse cloths, added CHG with alcohol for interoperative skin preparation, and modified instrument sterilization techniques. Results Data analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in the overall SSI rate from 7.5% (33/441) in January-July 2006 to 1.2% (5/436) in January-July 2007 (χ 2 test statistic, 21.2; P Conclusion Interventions, including staff education, use of CHG no-rinse cloths for preoperative skin prep, CHG with alcohol for intraoperative skin prep, and appropriate instrument sterilization management led to reductions in SSI rates in patients undergoing C-section at our institution. Rates of endometritis were also noted to be lower after implementation of the interventions.
Extracellular Ice Nucleators from Pantoea Ananas: Effects on Freezing of Model Foods

Parameters of freezing of sucrose solutions and emulsions were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at cooling rates of 1 to 20°C/min. The differential and cumulative nucleation spectra of extracellular ice nucleators (ECINs) were established using a w/o emulsion technique. Freezing curves were obtained in a cabinet at -7 and -12°C. The ECINs increased the ice nucleation temperature and reduced the time of the supercooling stage. Although the time of phase transition increased in the presence of ECINs, the total time of freezing decreased. The ECINs caused lower onset temperatures of freezing as compared to the original cells.
Workspace analysis of realistic elbow and dual-elbow robot manipulators

Abstract The geometry of the robotic structure directly influences the positional and orientational capabilities of a manipulator. Among the existing robot geometries, the ideal elbow and dual-elbow manipulators are known to provide the maximum reachable and dextrous workspaces for a given total link length. Despite the fact that the ideal dual-elbow manipulators share the basic properties of the ideal-elbow manipulators, they have received scant attention in the literature. In a companion paper [Mech. Mach. Theory28, 357–373 (1993)], the ideal elbow and dual-elbow geometries have been thoroughly studied. In this paper, realistic elbow and dual-elbow geometries, incorporating designed deviations from the ideal case and unavoidable manufacturing errors, are considered. It is shown that practical dual-elbow robots are superior in terms of reachability and dexterity, especially for applications that require a relatively small tool length.
The impact of flexible loads in increasingly renewable grids

We develop a flexible and responsive electrical load in the form of domestic refrigerators augmented with a thermal storage system, a wireless sensor network for monitoring and actuation, and a controller that enables response to external controls. Using this, we investigate the potential of such loads for two applications: price-responsive demand and supply-following. Our prototype shows that with a 13% increase in refrigerator electricity consumption, we are able to avoid electricity consumption for over six hours. We employ a methodology for creating models of electricity grids with high renewables penetration, and study the effects of deploying variable populations of flexible energy storage refrigerators in grids at variable levels of renewables penetration. Our results show that our prototype can respond to time-of-use price tariffs to reduce summer refrigeration electricity cost by up to 13% on the consumer side, while substantially reducing the capital investment on the utility side by smoothing the peak. At higher levels of renewables penetration, with 20% of refrigerators in California adopting this technology and acting as supply-following electricity loads, flexible refrigerators can shave off 5% of peak capacity needs. The approach naturally extends to similar applications in thermal management of buildings and would operate in concert with other load management efforts such as smart vehicle charging.
Is There a Preferred Articulating Spacer Technique for Infected Knee Arthroplasty?: A Preliminary Study

Background Periprosthetic infection in TKA is a devastating and challenging problem for both patients and surgeons. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty with an interval antibiotic spacer reportedly has the highest infection control rate. Studies comparing static spacers with articulating spacers have reported varying ROM after reimplant, which could be due to differences in articulating spacer technique.
Pre-folding magnetization reconfirmed for the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Dunn Point volcanics, Nova Scotia

Johnson, R.J.E. and Van der Voo, R., 1990. Pre-folding magnetization reconfirmed for the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian Dunn Point volcanics, Nova Scotia. Tectonophysics, 178: 193-205. Paleomagnetic results have been obtained for three new sites in steeply inclined subarea1 volcanic flows of the Dunn Point Formation from the Avalon terrane of Nova Scotia. Demagnetization analysis reveals a characteristic magnetization, carried by hematite, which is similar to that reported in previous studies of this unit. A new and improved fold test for the characteristic component, combining paleomagnetic and structural data from the present study with paleomagnetic data for vertically dipping flows (and laterites) studied previously by the authors, is significantly positive. The new fold test reconfirms the prefolding age of the characteristic component. A primary age of magnetization is inferred, based on field evidence for early oxidation of the flows. The overall mean direction for the characteristic component of D = 344O, I = -60°, k = 68.6, ass = 4.1“ (paleopole at 2ON, 130’E) corresponds to a Late Ordovician-earliest Silurian paleolatitude for Avalon of 41°S. The latter is much higher than that predicted for the area on the basis of the cratonic North America apparent polar wander path, implying a substantial post-Ordovician displacement (> 1700 km) of Avalon with respect to the craton. The Dunn Point result supports previous paleogeographic reconstructions that show Avalon together with the continental blocks of Hercynian Europe and northwestern Gondwana.
Genetic compatibility of Aedes (Protomacleaya) triseriatus with A. (P.) brelandi and A. (P.) hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae).

Interspecific hybridization was used to examine reproductive compatibility of Aedes (Protomacleaya) triseriatus (Say) with Aedes (P.) brelandi Zavortink and Aedes (P.) hendersoni Cockerell. Most male progeny were sterile intersexes when A. brelandi or A. hendersoni males were crossed with A. triseriatus females. Female hybrids, and males from the reciprocal crosses, were morphologically normal and fertile. Varying percentages of intersex males were observed among progeny when normal F1 hybrids were crossed to either parental species or with other hybrids. Egg and female sterility resulting from a partial incompatibility between A. triseriatus cytoplasm and A. brelandi male-determining chromosome was observed. No evidence of large chromosomal rearrangements such as inversions or translocations was observed in the interspecific hybrids. However, frequency of chiasma in meiotic chromosomes was significantly reduced in hybrids.
Pre-Illinoian Glacial Stratigraphy in North-Central Missouri

Abstract Five pre-Illinoian tills are recognized and named informally in northern Missouri, near the southernmost margin of the pre-Illinoian Laurentide ice sheet. The three youngest tills (McCredie formation) have high (50–60%) expandable clay mineral contents and normal remanent magnetic polarity. The next oldest till (Moberly formation) has low (30–40%) expandable clay content and reversed polarity. The oldest till (Atlanta formation) has very low or no expandable clay minerals. Its remanent magnetic polarity is unknown. The sequence of four pre-Illinoian tills above the Atlanta formation probably correlates with the similar sequence of four pre-Illinoian “A type” tills in western Iowa and eastern Nebraska. The upper four tills in Missouri are also correlated, in order of increasing age, with the three members of the Wolf Creek Formation and the older Alburnett Formation in eastern Iowa. The oldest till in Missouri possibly correlates with the “C type” till in western Iowa. Pre-Illinoian Laurentide ice reached the same approximate southern margin at least five times. Those advances deposited tills which maintain characteristic compositions over distances of at least 350 km along flow lines.
The development of a bedside algorithm capable of targeting anti-endotoxins to the responder subpopulations

The published selection criteria for use of anti-endotoxin antibodies are modeled on the criteria used in protocol enrollment of patients. These criteria are not suitable for therapeutic decision-making, because the trials themselves prove that the enrollment criteria have both low sensitivity and low specificity. In order to develop a selection method with greater sensitivity and specificity, we examined the charts and records of 2 patients that we enrolled in the multicenter trials of ES and HA-1A. We retrospectively determined that seven of our 23 enrolled patients were optimal candidates, based on a pattern of rapid clinical deterioration followed by improvement in 2496 h
Primary dystonia misinterpreted as Parkinson disease: Video case presentation and practical clues

Summary Diagnosing dystonia can be challenging and depends on the recognition of subtle clinical signs. Due to clinical heterogeneity, variable age at presentation, and overlapping features with other disorders, dystonia is under-recognized. The presence of dystonic tremor is often a reason for misdiagnosis. We report an illustrative case of a patient with DYT1 dystonia who was originally misdiagnosed with Parkinson disease. Careful physical examination and history-taking can reveal dystonia and prompt appropriate diagnostic studies, which, in turn, can lead to potentially life-changing treatment. Our report illustrates typical challenges in the recognition and diagnosis of dystonia, and serves to increase clinicians9 awareness of this disabling, but treatable, condition.
3H-fucose incorporation into bone following exposure to parathyroid hormone, dibutyryl cyclic-AMP and colchicine

Radioautographic and scintillation counting procedures were used to examine the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), dibutyryl cyclic-AMP (DB-cAMP), and colchicine on the incorporation of 3H-fucose into macromolecular material in organ cultures of bone. Radioautography demonstrated 3H-fucose incorporation into bone cells, with the heaviest uptake occurring in osteoclasts. A minimal incorporation occurred in pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts of the osteogenic periosteum, and in fibroblasts of the fibrous periosteum. PTH appeared to produce a heavier label in association with osteoclasts while decreasing the limited labeling associated with cells of the osteogenic and fibrous periosteum. DB-cAMP and colchicine both markedly reduced the labeling associated with osteoclasts, while the minimal labeling of other bone cells remained. By contrast, scintillation counting results indicated that PTH had little or no effect on 3H-fucose incorporation, while DB-cAMP and colchicine considerably reduced the amount of labeled macromolecular material. The incorporation of 3H-fucose into glycoproteins and the role of glycoproteins are discussed.
Antisense Binding Enhanced by Tertiary Interactions: Binding of Phosphorothioate and N3‘→P5‘ Phosphoramidate Hexanucleotides to the Catalytic Core of a Group I Ribozyme from the Mammalian Pathogen Pneumocystis carinii†

Pneumocystis carinii is the most common lethal opportunistic pathogen infecting Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients, and more effective therapeutics for it are needed. P. carinii, but not humans, contain RNA self-splicing group I introns, so these functionally important RNAs are potential anti-fungal targets. In vitro, d(ATGACT), which mimics the 3' end of the 5' exon of a conserved ribosomal RNA group I intron from mouse-derived Pneumocystis carinii binds to a ribozyme that is a truncated form of this intron. The binding is about 30,000 times tighter than expected for simple base-pairing because binding is enhanced by tertiary interactions. Here we report the effects of modifying the phosphodiester backbone of d(ATGACT) with phosphorothioate and of d(ATGAC)rU with N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate linkages. The enhancement of binding by tertiary interactions is not substantially decreased, and in some cases is increased when single Rp and Sp phosphorothioate substitutions are made, although overall binding is weaker by up to 6-fold. A mixture of 5' exon mimic isomers that each contain five phosphorothioate linkages binds to the ribozyme at least 14-fold less tightly than the corresponding phosphodiester mimic. In contrast, the 5' exon mimic with five internal N3'-->P5' phosphoramidate linkages binds 4-fold more tightly than d(ATGAC)rU. This increased binding is largely due to more favorable base-pairing, but tertiary interactions still enhance binding by more than 2, 000-fold. These results indicate that chemically modified, nuclease stable 5' exon mimics can act as antisense agents with binding enhanced by tertiary interactions (BETI). This strategy permits design of short antisense agents with high specificity.
Effect of canopy gap light environment on evaporative load and stomatal conductance in the temperate forest understory herb Aster macrophyllus (Asteraceae)

Aster macrophyllus, a temperate forest understory species of the northeastern United States, inhabits a broad range of light habitats. Plants receiving several minutes of direct sun in canopy gap and forest edge habitats occasionally wilt, a response indicative of water stress. We compared two alterative scenarios for patterns of evaporative load and stomatal conductance for plants in large (0. 15 ha) tree canopy gaps and small (3 m2) herbaceous subcanopy gaps: 1) evaporative loads are typically moderate and stomatal conductance is largely governed by light intensity; or 2) evaporative loads are often substantial, mandating stomatal closure to prevent excessive transpiration. In all cases evaporative loads were elevated by light intensity above 25% offull sun. This was accompanied by substantial stomatal closure. Transitions from low to moderate light intensity (< 13% full sun) caused little increase in leafevaporative load, and stimulated increases in stomatal conductance. Very brief periods of high light also stimulated stomatal opening. Light environments in the small herbaceous subcanopy gaps differ greatly in their patterns of evaporative load from day to day.
Chemical properties of the purified spreading factor from testicle

1. The factor responsible for the spreading property of testicle extracts was found to be soluble in water, in salt solution, and in acid media. It is relatively stable at high hydrogen ion concentrations, and it is not precipitated or inactivated by hydrochloric acid up to pH 2.0. The spreading substance is not soluble in acetone, ether, alcohol, chloroform, or pyridine. It is inactivated by crystalline trypsin and pepsin at the optimum pH of action of these enzymes. It is not attacked by a crystallized carboxypolypeptidase. The substance does not pass semipermeable membranes which retain proteins. The color tests for proteins are positive. At least 14.2 per cent of the fraction isolated is nitrogen. Taken together these properties are strong evidence that the testicular factor is a protein. 2. A method for the preparation of the spreading factor in relatively pure form is presented and discussed. 3. In addition to the spread, concentrated solutions of the testicular factor are shown to produce a condition of the skin having the characters of edema.
Multivariate predictors of social skills performance in middle-aged and older out-patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

BackgroundCognitive impairment and negative symptoms are two of the primary features of schizophrenia associated with poor social functioning. We examined the relationships between clinical characteristics, specific cognitive abilities and social skills performance in middle-aged and older out-patients with schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects.MethodOne hundred and ninety-four middle-aged and older schizophrenia out-patients and 60 normal comparison subjects were administered a standardized, performance-based measure of social skills using role-plays of various social situations [Social Skills Performance Assessment (SSPA)] and measures of current level of social contact (the Lehman Quality of Life Interview), psychiatric symptom severity [the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)], insight [the Birchwood Insight Scale (IS)] and cognitive functioning [the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS)].ResultsPatients demonstrated worse social skills compared with normal subjects. Better performance on the SSPA was associated with having less severe positive and negative symptoms, fewer social contacts, and better attention, initiation/freedom from perseveration, visuospatial ability, abstraction ability and memory. After controlling for demographic, clinical and insight-related factors, abstraction ability was the strongest predictor of social skills performance, followed by frequency of social contact.ConclusionsSocial functioning (as measured through direct observation of social skills performance) was related to cognitive ability in out-patients with schizophrenia. Addressing such cognitive impairment may help to improve social functioning and result in greater overall quality of life.
Development of a quantitative method for analysis of breast density based on three-dimensional breast MRI

Breast density has been established as an independent risk factor associated with the development of breast cancer. It is known that an increase of mammographic density is associated with an increased cancer risk. Since a mammogram is a projection image, different body position, level of compression, and the x-ray intensity may lead to a large variability in the density measurement. Breast MRI provides strong soft tissue contrast between fibroglandular and fatty tissues, and three-dimensional coverage of the entire breast, thus making it suitable for density analysis. To develop the MRI-based method, the first task is to achieve consistency in segmentation of the breast region from the body. The method included an initial segmentation based on body landmarks of each individual woman, followed by fuzzy C-mean (FCM) classification to exclude air and lung tissue, B-spline curve fitting to exclude chest wall muscle, and dynamic searching to exclude skin. Then, within the segmented breast, the adaptive FCM was used for simultaneous bias field correction and fibroglandular tissue segmentation. The intraoperator and interoperator reproducibility was evaluated using 11 selected cases covering a broad spectrum of breast densities with different parenchymal patterns. The average standard deviation for breast volume and percent density measurements was in the range of 3%–4% among three trials of one operator or among three different operators. The body position dependence was also investigated by performing scans of two healthy volunteers, each at five different positions, and found the variation in the range of 3%–4%. These initial results suggest that the technique based on three-dimensional MRI can achieve reasonable consistency to be applied in longitudinal follow-up studies to detect small changes. It may also provide a reliable method for evaluating the change of breast density for risk management of women, or for evaluating the benefits/risks when considering hormonal replacement therapy or chemoprevention.
Modifying selectiviy of thin films by intervening non-metallic layers: reactions of ethanol-d6 on supported Co films

Abstract The reactions of ethanol-d 6 reaction on mixed Co–S and Co–O overlayers supported on Mo(110) results in the formation of products that are not associated with the chemistry of pure Co, sulfur or oxygen overlayers. Acetaldehyde-d 4 and methane-d 4 were produced on the mixed overlayers, whereas the major reaction pathway is decomposition to CO on pure Co and formation of ethylene-d 4 on sulfur- or oxygen-covered Mo(110). This inhibition of C–H bond breaking is attributed to electronic modification of the Co film by the underlying sulfur or oxygen. The chemical properties of the unannealed Co-on-sulfur and Co-on-oxygen systems suggests that the Co forms a somewhat uniform layer on top of the sulfur or oxygen at 100 K, as opposed to aggregating into islands. However, the evolution of ethylene-d 4 as the major product from ethanol-d 6 reaction on the annealed Co–S and Co–O systems shows that annealing induces Co-island formation, which leaves regions of sulfur- and oxygen-covered Mo(110) exposed. Modification of the electronic properties and the morphology of the thin Co films significantly alters the reactivity of these surfaces.
Grafting Effects on Eggplant Growth, Yield, and Verticillium Wilt Incidence

Verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) is common and widespread in Washington State. Plant growth, yield, and verticillium wilt were evaluated for ‘Epic’ eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) grafted onto ‘Beaufort’ and S. aethiopicum L. rootstocks in two naturally infested fields and two greenhouse studies in 2010 and 2011. In the field, ‘Beaufort’-grafted eggplant had the greatest stem diameter and plant height in 2011, the lowest verticillium wilt severity in both years, and the highest marketable fruit weight in 2010 compared to non-, self-, and S. aethiopicum–grafted eggplants. In the greenhouse, when inoculated with V. dahliae, ‘Beaufort’-grafted eggplants had less wilting than S. aethiopicum–grafted eggplants, indicating that ‘Beaufort’ is the superior rootstock for disease management.
Melanesian gene frequencies: a multivariate data-analytic approach

Arcsine transformations of gene frequencies for the ABO, Rh, MNSs and Gm systems, derived from published sources for New Guinea and other Western Pacific populations were subjected to multifactorial analysis using a modified Mahalanobis d2. The plot of the difference between the computed distances from the overall multivariate mean against the quantiles of the gamma distribution revealed a departure from linearity. Two Polynesian Outlier Islands, Bellona and Ontong Java, contribute to this distorted distribution, as also do Ulawa and Biak. A cluster analysis of the genetic distances between the 134 populations studied indicates a general cohesion in Island Melanesia, with similarities between populations of the Solomons, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Fiji and Austronesian (AN) New Guinea populations. Some non-Austronesian (NAN) New Guinea groups also fall close to this cluster. Highland populations in New Guinea form another cluster, with some groups from the Sepik and Markham Rivers intruding, supporting other evidence of gene flow between the highlands and these two valleys. Discriminant analysis of AN and NAN groups gave a high percentage of correct classification and the implications of this are discussed. Finally, a principal component analysis based on transformed Gm frequencies, is used to examine the distinctiveness of AN and NAN groups. It is concluded that using this set of markers it is futile to seek a distinction between AN and NAN populations which is universal. It is probable that there have been complicated local patterns of admixture, not a simple dichotomy.
Retooling the Traditional Approach to Studying the Belief–Attitude Relationship: Explaining Landowner Buy-In to Incentive Programs

Perceived threat from traditional command-and-control implementation of the U.S. Endangered Species Act has resulted in the underprovision of endangered species habitat on private lands. Voluntary incentive programs aid recovery by reducing landowner costs and increasing benefits; however, program efficacy is directly related to participation. I used the reasoned action framework to examine landowner attitudes and beliefs about participating. Using data from a mail survey of Texas landowners, I employed two seldom-used methods (structure coefficients and commonality analysis) to enhance explanation from a regression of attitudes on behavioral beliefs. Two of eight measured beliefs (beneficial outcomes for an individual's land and for the target species) accounted for the majority of the variation in attitude. Landowner concerns about future regulations and technical assistance contributed least to attitude. Results provide program administrators with necessary information to create targeted messages to in...
How Staff RNs Perceive Nurse Manager Roles

Purpose: Nurse managers’ behaviors and job satisfaction are commonly addressed in the literature; however, registered nurse perceptions of nurse manager behaviors provide a unique perspective that may inform future strategies designed to enhance RN job satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of registered nurses that were explored through focus groups to learn the behaviors of nurse managers that most influence registered nurse’s job satisfaction. Methods: Five focus groups were conducted through semi-structured interviews of a total of 28 RNs to provide data that were coded through qualitative content analysis for themes. Findings: The findings provide nurse managers with data related to the perceptions of RNs and the behaviors of managers that influence job satisfaction. In relation to the focus group’s discussions, a disconnection was identified between the perceptions of the RNs regarding their actual work issues and the nurse manager’s role on the hospital unit. There were five themes that emerged in the category of RNs perceived disconnect between work issues and the manager’s role. The daily role, manager meeting time, visibility of nurse managers, no longer a nurse, and RN preferences for the nurse manager role. Conclusion: Findings support past research in relation to the perceptions of RNs wanting to be respected, included in communication, and the need to feel cared for by nurse managers to have higher levels of job satisfaction. This study provided findings important to staff nurses, nurse managers and administration. There is a need for administrator support for nurse manager’s ability to spend more time on the unit with RNs to attend to direct care provider relationships and team building through communication with staff is a recommended approach for decreasing the disconnect between RNs and nurse managers.
Calcifying synovial sarcoma

The presence of a calcified mass in the soft tissue may be the result of any number of processes. Post-traumatic changes and metabolic alterations may both lead to such calcification. The presence of calcification is much less commonly seen in malignant neoplasms. A case of calcifying synovial sarcoma with unusual features was recently seen.
A low-power, programmable analog event detector for resource-constrained sensing systems

We present an integrated analog signal processor for resource-constrained sensing applications, such as wireless sensor networks, wherein sensors are remotely deployed in inaccessible locations. The processor, which is reconfigurable and operates at 27.8µW, extends the capabilities of sensor nodes by performing spectral analysis and event detection in low-power circuits. The performance of the IC is demonstrated in an example sensing application (i.e. vehicle classification).
Composite Higgs and custodial SU(2)

Abstract We discuss the corrections to the relation MW = MZ cos θ in composite Higgs models, and construct a model which has a custodial SU(2) symmetry and in which the Higgs potential is produced entirely by SU(2) × U(1) and axial U(1) gauge interactions.
Glycosylation of chromosomal proteins: Localization of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine in Drosophila chromatin

Drosophila polytene chromosomes contain a surprisingly large amount of terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues along their lengths, as determined by staining with a fluorescently tagged lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (FITC-WGA) and by specific radio-labeling with bovine galactosyltransferase and UDP-[3H]galactose. FITC-WGA intensely stains polytene chromosomes in a distinctive banding pattern in which condensed chromatin is brightly labeled and transcriptionally active "puff" regions are less intensely stained. Biochemical analyses of galactosyltransferase-radiolabeled chromatin indicates that nearly all of the chromatin-associated GlcNAc moieties exist as single monosaccharide residues attached to protein by an O-linkage (O-GlcNAc). Chromatin is enriched in O-GlcNAc (over 400 pmol/micrograms of chromatin protein) as compared with total nuclei and other cellular compartments. O-GlcNAc moieties are found on a myriad of chromatin proteins that have diverse types of intermolecular associations with other nuclear components.
Alternative Interpretations of Slow-Neutron Cross Sections

The many-level formula of the theory of neutron resonance cross sections developed by Feshbach, Peaslee, and Weisskopf has been applied to the lowest resonances in Ag and Au. It is concluded that the approximations involved in the derivation of the usual Breit-Wigner one-level formula may lead to larger deviations in the determination of the constants in this formula than indicated by the usually applied statistical errors. In particular, in the present work a fit is obtained with a nuclear radius given as $1.47{A}^{\frac{1}{3}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ cm.
43.3: A Novel Flexible AMOLED with Touch Based on Flexible Universal Plane for Display Technology

A flexible thin film transistor (TFT) backplane, OLED, and the flexible projective capacitive touch sensing film were successfully developed and integrated with colorless and transparent Polyimide (PI) substrate for the first flexible touch AMOLED display based on the flexible universal plane for display (FlexUPD) technology. This unique substrate handling technology is not only compatible with the current TFT manufacturing facilities but also allows us to use the same design rule of TFT backplane as that on the glass.
ATTEMPTS TO DEMONSTRATESYMBIOTIC NITROGEN‐FIXING BACTERIA WITHIN THE TISSUES OF CASSIA TORA

From the standpoint of soil fertility the leguminous plants have for a long time maintained an exceptional position because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This symbiosis between plant and microorganism is commonly recognized by the visible manifestation of nodules on the root systems of these plants. Members of the sub-family Papilionatae are among the most common examples. Fewer data on the presence of nodules in the sub-families Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae are available, probably because their members are trees, shrubs or plants distinctly unsuitable as field crops. Of twenty-four members of the Mimosoideae cited by Leonard (9) only one, Acacia Baileyana F. Muel., lacked nodules, whereas twenty members of the Caesalpinioideae, also cited by Leonard, were found by various investigators to lack nodules. Chamaechrista nictitans (L.) Moench., Chamaechrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene and Chamaechrista Simpsoni Pollard were exceptions. It has often been suggested that the absence of nodules on various leguminous plants does not necessarily preclude the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria within the root tissue. For several reasons this question has never been thoroughly investigated. Joshi (7) was probably the first to suggest that root nodule bacteria existed in the root tissues of certain papilionaceous plants although root nodules were not formed. He proposed this explanation for the substantial increases in yield and high nitrogen contents which were obtained in the culture of these plants. Joshi further conjectured that such a condition might occur due either to a lower virulence of the specific organism or to a slower reaction of the plant to the stimulus of the organismal attack. His histological studies failed to show the presence of any organisms in the root tissues. It is now obvious that some of his results can be explained on a cross-inoculation basis. Feher and Bokor (5) and Friesner (6) have also proposed the idea that root nodule bacteria might benefit plant growth without forming nodules. Critical examination of the above papers is difficult since the techniques were not satisfactorily described. On the basis of Joshi's paper one might
Screening spouse abusers for child abuse potential

This study investigated the ability of the Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory to screen for child abuse in a group of spouse abusers. Eighty-seven untreated male spouse abusers and 95 nonabusers were administered the CAP Inventory. All of the subjects were active duty, United States military personnel. The completed, valid protocols revealed that 36.5% of the spouse abusers had elevated child abuse scores, while only 9.1% of the nonabusers had elevated abuse scores. An analysis of variance indicated that the spouse abusers had significantly higher mean abuse scores. Four concurrent reports of child abuse were made in the spouse abuse group. Two of these spouse/child abusers had valid protocols, and both scored significantly higher than those spouse abusers with no reported child abuse. The finding that over 36% of the spouse abusers had elevated child abuse scores supports Walker's (1979) finding that one-third of spouse abusers are child abusers. A limitation in this study is that no longitudinal data were obtained to determine whether those with elevated child abuse scores who were not reported for child abuse subsequently would abuse their children. Language: en
THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF NORTHERN SEA LIONS, 1975‐1985

Abstract: Populations of northern sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in the vicinity of Marmot Island, Alaska declined during 1975–1985 at about 5% per year (Merrick et al. 1987). The cause of this decline is not known. A life table for the northern sea lion was calculated assuming that life spans follow a Weibull distribution. Samples of northern sea lions taken in the vicinity of Marmot Island, Alaska during 1975–1978 and 1985–1986 indicate that the average age of females older than 3 yr increased about 1.55 yr (SD = 0.35 yr) while the population was declining at about 5% per year. Fecundity rates decreased by 10% over the same period, but the decrease was not statistically significant (Calkins and Goodwin 1988). Possible causes of the population decline and the change in age structure were examined by writing the Leslie matrix population equation in terms of changes in juvenile and adult survival rates and fecundity, and examining the short–term behavior of the trajectories of the average age of adult females, total number of females, and total number of pups with respect to those changes in the vital parameters. From the observed rate of declines of adults and the changes in average age of adult females and fecundity, estimates of the changes in adult and juvenile survival were calculated; estimates of the standard deviations of these changes were estimated via a bootstrap procedure. One purpose of this exercise is to aid in setting priorities for research for determining the cause of the decline. An explanation for the observed declines in numbers of adult sea lions consistent with the observed fecundity rates, a rate of decrease of 5% in the number of adults, and the corresponding increase in average age (of females age 3 yr and older) was a 10%–20% decrease in the survival of juveniles (age 0-3 yr) coupled with an insignificant change in adult survival (0.03%, SD = 1%).
Seasonality of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

AbstractThe seasonality of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is examined using North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) in observations and in a 480-yr simulation with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) coupled model. The PDO, both in observations and in the CFS, shows similar seasonality, with increasing SST variance during spring and a maximum in late spring and early summer. The vertical structure of the ocean temperature anomaly associated with the PDO in the CFS displays a significant transition from a deep to a shallow structure during late spring, consistent with the seasonal variation of the mean ocean mixed layer depth (MLD). An analysis of atmospheric surface wind and SST anomalies from the CFS simulation indicates that there is a 1-month delay in the PDO-related SST response to the atmospheric wind forcing. The results based on the CFS simulation are generally consistent with observations, including both atmospheric data from the NCEP/D...
A New Receptor for Growth Hormone-Release Peptide

For a decade or so, there have been hints of an alternative way to regulate growth hormone beyond growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin. Now Howard et al., in this week9s Science (p. 974), have confirmed this suspicion by cloning the receptor for this alternative pathway. In their Perspective, Conn and Bowers discuss the unusual route by which this receptor was cloned, through the use of “reverse pharmacology” in which a synthetic ligand for the receptor was made before the natural ligand (which still remains unidentified).
High-speed Optical Logic Devices

We describe the operating characteristics of the nonlinear Fabry-Perot optical logic device. A simple theory shows that this device can operate with psec switching times and pJ switching energies. Important transient effects are also described. The results of a com-puter simulation of these transient effects is also presented.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On the synthesis and structure of the very large spherical capsules derived from hexamers of pyrogallol[4]arenes

Abstract The acid-catalyzed condensation of pyrogallol and aldehydes yields pyrogallol[4]arenes, which associate in the form of hexameric capsules of extraordinary stability due to the presence of 48 intermolecular hydrogen bonds seaming the individual pyrogallol[4]arenes together.
Some Recent Applications of Scintillation and Solid State Counters in Chemistry

The high resolution obtainable with semiconductor radiation detectors has extended the scope of neutron activation analysis. Illustrations are nondestructive analysis of archeological artifacts, meteorites and terrestrial rocks. A quite different new technique is the counting of tracks produced by massive energetic particles in glasses and crystals, which has been used, for example, to date ancient uranium containing glasses. The use of scintillation and proportional counters, amplitude selection, coincidence and anti-coincidence techniques, and the Mossbauer effect are discussed for various applications from X-ray crystallography to the detection of neutrino induced reactions. The anisotropic behavior or channelling in silicon detectors has opened a new field of research on the effect of crystal orientation on energy loss of penetrating particles.
Phosphorylation of Mitochondrial Proteins in Isolated Porcine Ovarian Follicles after Treatment with Luteinizing Hormone

LH treatment of isolated medium (3- to 7-mm) follicles from porcine ovaries stimulated pregnenolone synthesis by mitochondria isolated from these tissues. This LH stimulation of pregnenolone synthesis was observed regardless of whether exogenous cholesterol was added to the mitochondrial assay system, suggesting that factors besides cholesterol availability may be important for mitochondrial steroidogenesis. Since ovarian mitochondria contain AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, we investigated the role of protein phosphorylation in regulating mitochondrial steroidogenesis. Mitochondria were isolated from different sized follicles and corpora lutea and incubated for 10 min with [γ-32P]ATP in the absence or presence of 2 μm cAMP. Mitochondrial proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 32P labeling of mitochondrial proteins was determined by autoradiography. In all mitochondrial preparations from the various ovarian tissues, 32P labeling was found only for p...