cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new species of Opisthioglyphe (Trematoda: Telorchiidae) from gall bladder of turtles in Malaysia.

Abstract: Opisthioglyphe sharmai n. sp. is described from the gall bladder of the Malayan box turtle, Cuora amboinensis, and the black marsh turtle, Siebenrockiella crassicollis, in Malaysia. The new species is morphologically similar to Opisthioglyphe ranae and some other members of the genus parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. Opisthioglyphe sharmai n. sp. is easily differentiated from all other members of the genus by the cirrus sac extending posterior to the ventral sucker, while in all previously known species the cirrus sac is entirely or mostly preacetabular with the base of the structure not reaching beyond mid-line of the ventral sucker. Despite the overall stable morphology, O. sharmai n. sp. is characterized by highly variable arrangement of testes, from tandem to opposite. It is only the second representative of the genus described from turtles and the first species of Opisthioglyphe parasitic in gall bladder, while all previously described members of the genus are parasitic in the intestine...
Vertical Ridge Augmentation of Atrophic Posterior Mandible Using Platelet-Derived Growth Factor: Two Case Reports.

V ertical bone augmentation of the severely atrophic alveolar ridge remains a challenge in implant dentistry. Techniques such as onlay block graft, guided bone regeneration (GBR), distraction osteogenesis, and forced tooth eruption have been attempted by clinicians to achieve vertical bone gain on edentulous ridges. Nevertheless, some of these procedures are associated with unpredictable outcomes and undesirable complications. As an angiogenic, chemotactic, and mitogenic factor, recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor–BB (rhPDGF-BB) has recently been used in tissue engineering to regenerate osseous structures in various clinical settings. RhPDGF-BB has been demonstrated in human to facilitate bone growth with either cancellous allogenic block graft or a mixture of autogenous and xenogenic grafts for the reconstruction of localized ridge defects where the adjacent alveolar ridge has minimal vertical bone loss. For the posterior atrophic mandible, there is only 1 case report to date in human documenting the use of rhPDGF-BB with deproteinized bovine block for 3-dimensional ridge augmentation. In the current study, we outline a different approach to achieve bone augmentation on the edentulous alveolar ridge in human without the use of block grafts. The purpose of this report is to describe the combined use of rhPDGF-BB, titanium-reinforced expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane, and particulate allogenic/xenogenic composite bone graft for vertical ridge augmentation on a severely atrophic posterior mandible in human.
Visualization and simulation of bubble growth in pore networks

Bubble nucleation and bubble growth in porous media is an important problem encountered in processes, such as pressure depletion and boiling. To understand its basic aspects, experiments and numerical simulations in micromodel geometries were undertaken. Experiments of bubble growth by pressure depletion were carried out in 2-D etched-glass micromodels and in Hele-Shaw cells. Nucleation of bubbles and the subsequent growth of gas clusters were visualized. Contrary to the bulk or to Hele-Shaw cells, gas clusters in the micromodel have irregular and ramified shapes and share many of the features of an external invasion process (e.g. of percolation during drainage). A pore network numerical model was developed to simulate the growth of multiple gas clusters under various conditions. The model is based on the solution of the convection-diffusions equation and also accounts for capillary and viscous forces, which play an important role in determining the growth patterns. Numerical simulation resulted in good agreement with the experimental results.
Using Guided Reflection to Reduce Test Anxiety in Nursing Students

Test anxiety is a phenomenon that can affect as many as 40% of students. Many nursing students are under great stress from long hours of study, a rigorous curriculum, and balancing work and family life. These stressors can lead to anxiety in many areas of the student's life, most notably in situations where he or she is being evaluated. This article will aim to discuss how the use of guided reflection can help the student actualize his or her feelings about test anxiety by using Johns's Model for Structured Reflection. By using cues from the model and structure provided by a guide, the student will partake in a journey to gain insight about oneself and discover ways to decrease test anxiety that can be incorporated into the student's holistic self-care plan.
A method for the construction of acoustic Markov models for words

A technique for constructing Markov models for the acoustic representation of words is described. Word models are constructed from models of subword units called fenones. Fenones represent very short speech events and are obtained automatically through the use of a vector quantizer. The fenonic baseform for a word-i.e., the sequence of fenones used to represent the word-is derived automatically from one or more utterances of that word. Since the word models are all composed from a small inventory of subword models, training for large-vocabulary speech recognition systems can be accomplished with a small training script. A method for combining phonetic and fenonic models is presented. Results of experiments with speaker-dependent and speaker-independent models on several isolated-word recognition tasks are reported. The results are compared with those for phonetics-based Markov models and template-based dynamic programming (DP) matching. >
Rates of in situ carbon mineralization in relation to land-use, microbial community and edaphic characteristics

Plant-derived carbon compounds enter soils in a number of forms; two of the most abundant being leaf litter and rhizodeposition. Our knowledge concerning the predominant controls on the cycling of leaf litter far outweighs that for rhizodeposition even though the constituents of rhizodeposits includes a cocktail of low molecular weight organic compounds which represent a rapidly cycling source of carbon, readily available to soil microbes. We determined the mineralization dynamics of a major rhizodeposit, glucose, and its relationship to land-use, microbial community and edaphic characteristics across a landscape in the southeastern United States. The landscape consists of cultivated, pasture, pine plantation, and hardwood forest sites (n ¼ 3). Mineralization dynamics were resolved in both winter and summer using an in situ 13 C-glucose pulse-chase approach. Mineralization rates of the labeled glucose decline exponentially across the 72 h measurement periods. This pattern and absolute mineralization rates are consistent across seasons. An information-theoretic approach reveals that land-use is a moderately strong predictor of cumulative glucose mineralization. Measures assessing the size, activity, and/or composition of the microbial community were poor predictors of glucose mineralization. The strongest predictor of glucose mineralization was soil-extractable phosphorus. It was positively related to glucose mineralization across seasons and explained 60% and 48% of variation in cumulative glucose mineralization in the summer and winter, respectively. We discuss potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between soil phosphorus and glucose mineralization. Our results suggest that specific soil characteristics often related to land-use and/or land-management decisions may be strong predictors of glucose mineralization rates across a landscape. We emphasize the need for future research into the role of soil phosphorus availability and land-use history in determining soil organic carbon dynamics.
A novel technique to measure the group velocity of sound in dispersive media

A technique is proposed for measuring the group velocity of sound by a frequency-modulated (FM) continuous wave (CW) technique. Detailed calculations are presented, showing that V/sub g/=( delta omega /sub m// delta phi )d, where V/sub g/, delta omega /sub m/, delta phi , and d are, respectively, the group velocity, change of modulation frequency, phase change of the received signal detected by a biphase lock-in amplifier, and the distance traveled by the sound. The approach has the advantage of high resolution compared to the conventional time-of-flight measurement technique. >
Oxidative reactions of normal and abnormal hemoglobins in the presence of phosphatidylserine vesicles.

We have monitored a sequence of reactions involving hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation in the presence of phospholipid bilayers in carefully characterized buffer systems in order to delineate molecular events that may have cytotoxic effects, some of which may even lead to cellular death of erythrocytes. We followed reactions of subunit cross-linking, heme iron oxidation, heme destruction and iron release in normal (Hb A) and sickle [Hb S or β6(A3)Glu→Val] Hbs under different experimental conditions. Our results show that, in the presence of lipid surfaces, the reaction rates for heme Fe+ 2 to Fe+ 3 oxidation in Hb A and Hb S molecules were both enhanced by lipid surfaces. However, the extent of the enhancement in Hb A and Hb S was quite different in T5K6.5, a Tris buffer with low ionic strength and low pH. In T5K6.5, the rate constants were 0.8 h− 1 for Hb A and 4.3 h− 1 for Hb S, a 5-fold difference. This finding supports a published suggestion that sickle Hb exhibits abnormal heme oxidation in erythrocytes of si...
Salafism, State-Politics, and the Question of “Extremism” in Ethiopia

The Muslim demonstrations in Addis Ababa 2012–2013 have intensified claims that Islam in Ethiopia is becoming increasingly radicalized, and it is particularly the Salafis who are labeled as the “extremists”. My argument is that the word “extremism” is not very fruitful for understanding these developments or Salafism as a phenomenon. The intention of this article is to analyze Ethiopian Salafism as a product of both trans-local ideological impetuses and local particularities, and to demonstrate how these factors have proved pivotal the Salafis detachment from public and political life.
Extrusion Studies of Aquaculture Feed using Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Whey

Three isocaloric (3.5 kcal/g) ingredient blends containing 20, 30, and 40% distiller-dried grains with solubles (DDGS) along with 5% whey were prepared with a net protein content adjusted to 28% (wet basis [wb]). Other ingredients in the blends included soy flour, corn flour, fish meal, vitamin, and mineral mix. These blends were extruded in a single-screw extruder at 15, 20, and 25% (wb) moisture content and at 130 and 160 rpm screw speeds. Compared to previous research, the durability and unit density of the extrudates in this study were found to increase substantially by the addition of whey to the blends. Increasing the DDGS content from 20 to 40% resulted in a 5.8 and 16.8% increase in extrudate moisture content and redness, respectively, but produced a decrease of 11.2% in brightness and 3.6% in yellowness of the extrudates. Increasing the moisture content of the ingredient blends from 15 to 25% resulted in an increase of 16.1, 8.7, and 9.3% in moisture content, durability, and redness, respectively, but a decrease of 9.8 and 5.6%, respectively, in brightness and yellowness of the extrudates. Neither DDGS level nor screw speed significantly affected extrudate durability or unit density. In fact, changing the screw speed had no significant effect on many of the properties of the extrudates studied, except for moisture content, redness, and yellowness. As demonstrated in this study, ingredient moisture content and screw speed are critical considerations when producing extrudates with feed blends containing DDGS; further work is needed to optimize processing conditions and to produce floating feeds.
Spinal anesthesia for day surgery

Abstract The unique characteristics of spinal anesthesia recommend it for outpatient surgical procedures. The technique is easily and safely performed on patients in the lateral, sitting, or jacknife position with a variety of agent preparations tailored to the surgical requirements. New needle technologies have made postdural puncture headache uncommon ( 1%). Sedation is often provided to minimize patient anxiety, both preoperatively and intraoperatively, usually to the satisfaction of patients who expected to "go to sleep" for their operation. The distribution of spinal anesthesia can be targeted to a specific patient population and procedure, although interindividual variability limits predictability. Vigilance is paramount to managing spinal anesthesia, because minor side effects as well as severe bradyarrythmias and cardiac arrest may occur. Lidocaine has the optimal onset and duration profile for most outpatient anesthesia. However, transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) occurring after lidocaine spinal anesthesia have recently been documented. TNS can be markedly uncomfortable and occur to some degree in approximately 20% of outpatients receiving lidocaine. Mepivacaine does not appear to offer any advantage over lidocaine, whereas procaine may cause a lower incidence of TNS. Bupivacaine has the lowest associated incidence of TNS, and has been adapted for ambulatory surgery by using small doses in the 5 to 10 mg range. Adjuncts such as fentanyl can improve the success rate of small-dose spinal anesthesia without prolonging discharge time. Overall, factors that encourage early voiding will minimize time to home readiness. Anticoagulated patients need special consideration in light of new therapies and indications. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
Probabilistic Treatment of General Combinational Networks

In this correspondence two methods are given for calculating the probability that the output of a general combinational network is 1 given the probabilities for each input being 1. We define the notions of the probability of a signal and signal independence. Then several proofs are given to show the relationship between Boolean operations and algebraic operations upon probabilities. As a result of these, two simple algorithms are presented for calculating output probabilities. An example of the usefulness of these results is given with respect to the generation of tests for the purpose of fault detection.
A Precision Pulser for Main Ring Extraction

A pulser has been designed to produce a 14 Hz sinusoid current pulse at a 2 s rate with peak amplitudes from 400 amps to 3750 amps, and a long term stability of ±400 mA. Short term stability is achieved by the use of a precision voltage regulator for the capacitor bank. This voltage regulator uses gate turnoff thyristors to control the charging current to the 13 mF capacitor bank. Load current is monitored with a precision dc current transductor. The peak value is read into a single chip microcomputer programmed to act as a digital regulator. The microcomputer calculates reference values for the capacitor bank charging supply and the capacitor bank voltage regulator.
Cj1496c Encodes a Campylobacter jejuni Glycoprotein That Influences Invasion of Human Epithelial Cells and Colonization of the Chick Gastrointestinal Tract

Campylobacter jejuni has an N-linked protein glycosylation pathway that is required for efficient cell invasion and chick gastrointestinal colonization by the microbe. In this study, we constructed insertion mutants of 22 putative glycoprotein genes and examined the ability of each to invade the human intestinal epithelial cell line INT-407. Among the mutants tested, one carrying an insertion in Cj1496c was defective for invasion into INT-407 cells; this defect was also observed in an in-frame deletion mutant of Cj1496c (ΔCj1496c). The ΔCj1496c mutant C. jejuni also showed a reduced ability to colonize chick ceca. Site-specific mutagenesis combined with Western blot analysis suggested that the Cj1496c protein is glycosylated at N73 and N169. However, the ΔCj1496c mutant expressing a nonglycosylated form of Cj1496c exhibited levels of invasion and colonization equivalent to those of the parent strain, suggesting that glycans are not directly involved in the function of Cj1496c.
The curriculum revolution in action: nursing and crisis intervention for victims of family violence.

The curriculum revolution might have been born at the University of Detroit in their RN-to-BSN program. Situated in an urban environment where violence is an ever-present problem, the faculty developed an innovative clinical course for senior students, entitled Nursing and Crises Intervention for Victims of Family Violence. The curriculum was designed to respond to a social problem that affects individuals, families, and groups at both physical and psychological levels. It was hoped that creative use of the educational process would promote nursing intervention with a population whose needs have traditionally been unrecognized and unmet by the profession. The response to the course has been very positive and students have applied the content in nontraditional clinical agencies such as shelters for battered women and children, sexual abuse centers, and phone crisis centers. More importantly, these RN students report not only a change in personal attitudes, but an integration and application of their knowledge in their own professional practice. They act as educators to their peers and colleagues while reshaping their own practice in light of their newly acquired sensitivity. By creatively using the nursing curriculum, educators can prepare nurses to deal with many of the social ills affecting individuals, families, and groups. In so doing, they encourage nurses to step into the forefront of health care. They invite nursing practitioners to become proactive rather than reactive. Ultimately, such curriculum creativity will ensure that clients currently ignored or unrecognized by the health care system are identified and treated in a caring fashion by the profession that prides itself on its ability to care. Language: en
Direct Visualization of Ebola Virus Fusion Triggering in the Endocytic Pathway

ABSTRACT Ebola virus (EBOV) makes extensive and intricate use of host factors in the cellular endosomal/lysosomal pathway to release its genome into the cytoplasm and initiate infection. Following viral internalization into endosomes, host cysteine proteases cleave the EBOV fusion glycoprotein (GP) to unmask the binding site for its intracellular receptor, the cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). GP-NPC1 interaction is required for viral entry. Despite these and other recent discoveries, late events in EBOV entry following GP-NPC1 binding and culminating in GP-catalyzed fusion between viral and cellular lipid bilayers remain enigmatic. A mechanistic understanding of EBOV membrane fusion has been hampered by the failure of previous efforts to reconstitute fusion in vitro or at the cell surface. This report describes an assay to monitor initial steps directly in EBOV membrane fusion—triggering of GP and virus-cell lipid mixing—by single virions in live cells. Fusogenic triggering of GP occurs predominantly in Rab7-positive (Rab7 + ) endosomes, absolutely requires interaction between proteolytically primed GP and NPC1, and is blocked by key GP-specific neutralizing antibodies with therapeutic potential. Unexpectedly, cysteine protease inhibitors do not inhibit lipid mixing by virions bearing precleaved GP, even though they completely block cytoplasmic entry by these viruses, as shown previously. These results point to distinct cellular requirements for different steps in EBOV membrane fusion and suggest a model in which host cysteine proteases are dispensable for GP fusion triggering after NPC1 binding but are required for the formation of fusion pores that permit genome delivery. IMPORTANCE Ebola virus (EBOV) causes outbreaks of highly lethal disease for which no approved vaccines or treatments exist. Recent work has elucidated key molecular features of the complex EBOV entry process, including stepwise interactions with multiple host factors. However, there is a critical gap in our understanding of events that surround the final membrane fusion step which persists due to the paucity of direct and extensive investigation of EBOV fusion. Here, we report a real-time assay for EBOV glycoprotein fusion triggering and use it to define its cellular location and requirements. We also uncover an unexpected requirement for host proteases at a step after fusion triggering that may reflect their role in formation of fusion pores for genome delivery.
User's guide for the SCID-5-CV : structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders : clinician version

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders -- Clinician Version (SCID-5-CV) guides the clinician step-by-step through the DSM-5 diagnostic process. Interview questions are provided conveniently along each corresponding DSM-5 criterion, which aids in rating each as either present or absent. A unique and valuable tool, the SCID-5-CV covers the DSM-5 diagnoses most commonly seen in clinical settings. The User's Guide for the SCID-5-CV provides comprehensive instructions on how to use the SCID-5-CV effectively and accurately. It not only describes the rationale, structure, conventions, and usage of the SCID-5-CV, but also discusses in detail how to interpret and apply the specific DSM-5 criteria for each of the disorders included in the SCID-5-CV. A number of sample role-play and homework cases are also included to help clinicians learn how to use the SCID-5-CV. Together with the SCID-5-CV, the User's Guide for the SCID-5-CV will prove invaluable to clinicians, researchers, interviewers, and students in the mental health professions who seek to integrate time-tested interview questions corresponding to the DSM-5 criteria into their DSM-5 diagnostic assessment process.
Observation of yttrium oxide nanoparticles in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ) through dual energy K-edge subtraction imaging

The potential transfer of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) from plants into the food chain has raised widespread concerns. In order to investigate the effects of ENPs on plants, young cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea) were exposed to a hydroponic system containing yttrium oxide (yttria) ENPs. The objective of this study was to reveal the impacts of NPs on plants by using K-edge subtraction imaging technique. Using synchrotron dual-energy X-ray micro-tomography with K-edge subtraction technique, we studied the uptake, accumulation, distribution and concentration mapping of yttria ENPs in cabbage plants. It was found that yttria ENPs were uptaken by the cabbage roots but did not effectively transferred and mobilized through the cabbage stem and leaves. This could be due to the accumulation of yttria ENPs blocked at primary-lateral-root junction. Instead, non-yttria minerals were found in the xylem vessels of roots and stem. Synchrotron dual-energy X-ray micro-tomography is an effective method to observe yttria NPs inside the cabbage plants in both whole body and microscale level. Furthermore, the blockage of a plant’s roots by nanoparticles is likely the first and potentially fatal environmental effect of such type of nanoparticles.
Cerebral cooling during increased cerebral blood flow in the monkey.

SummaryTemperature measurements were made simultaneously in the arterial blood and in deep brain strctures in 7 chronically prepared rhesus monkeys during both spontaneous ventilation and controlled ventilation. During normal breathing, cerebral temperatures were 0.2-0.5°C higher than the temperature of the arterial blood with identical sites in the right and left cerebral hemispheres showing nearly identical temperatures. During hypercapnia accompanied by increased cerebral blood flow, cerebral temperatures cooled to only 0.1-0.2 °C above the arterial blood. During hypocapnia accompanied by decreased cerebral blood flow, brain-blood temperature gradients were increased above control levels. Intracerebral temperature gradients are basically dependent upon the rate of removal of heat from the brain by the arterial blood.
Cystic Diseases of the Kidney

Cystic diseases of the kidney are some of the most significant monogenic causes of renal morbidity and mortality in both the pediatric and adult populations. There have been considerable advances in the past decade in identifying and characterizing the genes responsible for these disorders. The genetic aspects, molecular pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of these disorders will be highlighted in this chapter. Although cystic renal disease can be acquired, the primary aim of this chapter will be to focus on those forms that are inherited.
Survivin S81A Enhanced TRAIL's Activity in Inducing Apoptosis

BACKGROUND: Survivin is rarely expressed in normal healthy adult tissues, however, it is upregulated in the majority of cancers. Survivin, which belongs to IAPs family, has been widely reported to protect cells from apoptosis by inhibiting caspases pathway. Survivin’s mitotic activity is modulated by many kinases, and its phosphor status can also influence its ability to inhibit apoptosis. There are several important survivin’s phosphorylation sites, such as S20 and T34. We have continued our investigation on other potential survivin’s phosphorylation sites that could be important site for regulating survivin’s cyto-protection. METHODS: By assuming that S81 could be a potential target to modify activity of survivin, wild-type survivin (Survivin), antisense survivin (Survivin-AS), mutated-survivin Thr34Ala (Survivin-T34A) and mutated-survivin Ser81Ala (Survivin-S81A) were constructed and inserted into pMSCV-IRES-GFP vector with cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Each retroviral product was produced in BOSC23 cells. LY294002 pretreatment and TRAIL treatment along with infection of retroviral products were performed in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells. For analysis, flow cytometric apoptosis assay and western blot were performed. RESULTS: In our present study, survivin for providing cytoprotection was regulated by PI3K. The results showed that LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, effectively suppressed survivin-modulated cytoprotection in a TRAIL-induced apoptotic model. In addition, mutated survivin S81A showed marked suppression on survivin’s cytoprotection. Along with that, TRAIL’s apoptotic activity was enhanced for inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION: We suggested that survivin could inhibit apoptosis through PI3K and S81A could be another potential target in order to inhibit Survivin-modulated cytoprotection as well as to sensitize efficacy of TRAIL or other related apoptotic inducers. KEYWORDS: apoptosis, survivin, TRAIL, S81A, L929, LY294002
Habitual abortion: A pathologic analysis of 100 cases

Abstract The literature regarding habitual abortion is voluminous but comparatively few large series of cases have been reported. Moreover, most reports have healt more with therapeutics than with pathogenesis. This study was undertaken, therefore, in the hope that a purely pathologic analysis of a comparatively large series of habitual abortions might afford valuable information for both the clinician and the pathologist. More particularly, it was desired to ascertain how often there was a common etiology in the successive abortions of a given patient.
A knock-in allele of En1 expressing Dre recombinase

Engrailed 1 (En1) is a homeobox-containing transcription factor expressed during development in diverse tissues, including the embryonic midbrain and anterior hindbrain. To facilitate investigation of genetic and developmental heterogeneity among cells with a history of En1 expression, we have generated En1(Dre) , a knock-in allele expressing Dre recombinase. En1(Dre) can be used with existing Cre and Flp recombinase lines for genetic intersectional labeling, fate mapping, and functional manipulation of subpopulations of cells characterized by transient expression of En1. To avoid disrupting En1 function, the Dre cDNA is inserted at the 3' end of the En1 coding sequence, together with a viral 2A peptide to mediate translation of separate EN1 and Dre proteins. Consequently, viable and fertile En1(Dre) homozygotes can be used to increase the proportion of useful genotypes produced in complex crosses. The pattern of Dre expression from En1(Dre) is indistinguishable from wild-type En1 expression in mid-gestation mouse embryos, and En1(Dre) controls Dre-responsive indicator alleles by efficiently recombining rox sites in vivo. Through the application of genetic tools that allow manipulation of cells based on combinatorial expression of multiple distinct recombinases, En1(Dre) will significantly extend the ability to target important subpopulations of neurons and other cells within the broader En1 expression domain. genesis 54:447-454, 2016. Published 2016. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sub-picosecond-jitter clock generation for interleaved ADC with Delay-Locked-Loop in 28nm CMOS

This paper presents a Delay-Locked-Loop (DLL) using a low-jitter design technique to generate sub-picosecond-jitter interleaved ADC sampling clock phases. To mitigate the effects of jitter accumulation, a low jitter delay line with digital control circuit is proposed. After 10 delay stages, the proposed DLL output can achieve <0.1psrms jitter clock. The DLL can operate with input clock frequency from 2GHz to 10GHz, enabling interleaved ADC sampling with a low-jitter sample clock over a 20GHz to 100GHz frequency range.
Association of genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship between genetic polymorphism and external apical root resorption. Methodology: The protocol was prepared and registered on PROSPERO. Two reviewers independently conducted a comprehensive literature search. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all relevant articles and textbooks were manually searched. Results: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies were classified as low-quality studies (score <10), and nine studies were classified as high-quality studies. Discussion: The results of the present review suggest that, although some authors have reported that genetic polymorphism may play a role in external apical root resorption, others have not supported this association. Future studies should be more consistent in their research methodologies to determine with clarity whether an association exists. Conclusion: Future investigations should include larger sample sizes with matc...
Fundamental Limits of Genome Assembly Under an Adversarial Erasure Model

In contrast to second-generation DNA sequencing technologies, emerging third-generation technologies are capable of delivering reads that are long enough to enable perfect genome assembly. Unfortunately, the benefits of long reads are accompanied by higher rates of read errors. This motivates a question of fundamental import: what read-length and error-rate combinations allow for perfect assembly of the genome? Formal investigation of this tradeoff is complicated by the fact that tractable probabilistic models for the genome sequence and error process fail to capture key features of the problem: real genomes contain long repetitive patterns, and read errors are often bursty and sequence-dependent. In order to circumvent these modeling barriers and take a first step toward the study of this question, we consider a simple setting: the genome sequence is arbitrary, and the read errors are erasures that can occur at adversarially chosen positions, up to a limit in the number of erasures per read and per genome position. In this context, we show that a natural error-correction scheme is optimal in the sense that it recovers the error-free ${k}$ - spectrum of the genome for the largest possible ${k}$ . The worst-case nature of our analysis ensures that the proposed error-correction method is robust and allows us to study its performance under stochastic error models. As a result, we show that, for several real genomes, the impact of read errors on the information-theoretic requirements for perfect assembly is relatively mild.
Framing Autism: A Content Analysis of Five Major News Frames in U.S.-Based Newspapers.

The portrayal of child autism-related news stories has become a serious issue in the United States, yet few studies address this from media framing perspective. To fill this gap in the literature, this study examined the applicability of a media framing scale (Semetko & Valkenburg, 2000) for the deductive examination of autism-related news stories in U.S.-based newspapers. Under the theoretical framework of framing theory, a content analysis of news stories (N = 413) was conducted to investigate the presence of the five news frames using an established questionnaire. Differentiating between local and national news outlets, the following five news frames were measured: (a) attribution of responsibility, (b) human interest, (c) conflict, (d) morality, and (e) economic consequences. Findings revealed that news stories about autism most frequently fell within the human interest frame. Furthermore, the study shed light on how local and national newspapers might differ in framing autism-related news pieces and ...
Commitment of Newcomers and Old-timers to Online Health Support Communities

For online communities to be successful, they must retain an adequate number of members who contribute to the community. The amount and type of communication members receive can play an important role in generating and sustaining members' commitment to it. However, the communication that members find valuable may change with their tenure in the community. This paper examines how the communication members receive in an health support community influences their commitment and how this influence changes with their tenure in the community. Commitment was operationalized with three measures: self-reported attachment, continued participation in the community, and responding to others. Results show that receiving communication was generally associated with increased commitment across the three measures, with its impact increasing with members' tenure. However, the average amount of informational and emotional support members received per message was associated with decreased commitment. Results have implications for interventions to encourage members' commitment to their communities throughout their history in the community.
Reconstructing Policy in Higher Education: Feminist Poststructural Perspectives

(2012). Reconstructing Policy in Higher Education: Feminist Poststructural Perspectives. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 460-462.
Englerocharis cuzcoensis (Brassicaceae), a New Species from Peru and a Synopsis of Englerocharis

Englerocharis cuzcoensis Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae), a new species from the Peruvian department of Cuzco, is described and illustrated. It is easily distinguished from the closely related E. ancashensis Al-Shehbaz, A. Cano & Trinidad by having caducous sepals, ciliate leaf bases, 24 to 32 ovules/seeds per ovary/fruit, and long-sericeous trichomes 0.9–1.5 mm long. The novelty is readily separated from other congeners by having caducous sepals and yellow petals. A synopsis and a key distinguishing the six species of Englerocharis Muschl. are presented.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived Exosomes for Precision Medicine in Heart Failure.

In the United States, heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospital admission and a major public health problem.1 Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the primary pathogenesis of advanced HF.1 More than 5 million people experience HF, with an annual incidence of 300 000 patients.1 Despite significant therapeutic advances during the past 3 decades, the 5-year survival remains at a dismal 50%.2 Clinical studies have confirmed that the high morbidity and mortality of HF are because of left ventricular arrhythmias and dilatation.1,2 Patients with a history of acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction have a 6-month mortality of >10% of which one third is attributed to sudden cardiac death.3 Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators reduced mortality from left ventricular arrhythmia, patients with acute myocardial infarction do not qualify under the current guideline. An important trigger for ventricular arrhythmias and dilatation is the tissue heterogeneity in the peri-infarct region (PIR), which is independent of the actual infarct size.4–7 An effective targeted therapy to salvage the injured and vulnerable myocardium in the PIR is urgently needed to reduce the high mortality of patients with HF.7,8 Promising discoveries of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) biology may restore the PIR.9,10 The initial theory for the regeneration of the myocardium hypothesized that the transplanted stem cells would differentiate into cardiomyocytes, engraft into the host myocardium, and augment the cardiac function through synchronized electromechanical integration. However, de novo cardiac differentiation of transplanted stem cells was rare and mostly led to teratoma.9,10 Similarly, ex vivo differentiated cardiac stem cells demonstrate transient in vivo engraftment and functional restoration.9,10 Other controversial studies examined the cardiac progenitor cells, a multipotent population of cardiac, vascular, and endothelial cells in the …
N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine: A neurotrophic and neuroprotective metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid

N-Docosahexaenoylethanolamine (synaptamide) is an endocannabinoid-like metabolite endogenously synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), the major omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the brain. Although its biosynthetic mechanism has yet to be established, there is a closely linked relationship between the levels of synaptamide and its precursor DHA in the brain. Synaptamide at nanomolar concentrations promotes neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis in developing neurons. Synaptamide also attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammatory response and reduces the deleterious effects of ethanol on neurogenic differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). These actions are mediated by a specific target receptor of synaptamide GPR110 (ADGRF1), a G-protein coupled receptor that is highly expressed in NSCs and the brain during development. Synaptamide binding to GPR110 induces cAMP production and phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). This signaling pathway leads to the expression of neurogenic and synaptogenic genes and suppresses the expression of proinflammatory genes. The GPR110-dependent cellular effects of synaptamide are recapitulated in animal models, suggesting that synaptamide-derived mechanisms may have translational implications. The synaptamide bioactivity transmitted by newly deorphanized GPR110 provides a novel target for neurodevelopmental and neuroprotective control as well as new insight into mechanisms for DHA's beneficial effects on the central nervous system.
Alignment of learning experiences from prekindergarten to kindergarten: Exploring group classifications using cluster analysis:

This study explored children’s experiences of instructional alignment from prekindergarten through kindergarten. Using cluster analysis to analyze data from over 1300 children in the 2009 Head Star...
Examining the relationship between pregnancy and quitting use of tobacco products in a U.S. national sample of women of reproductive age.

Abstract This study examined quit rates longitudinally for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, hookah, cigars, and all tobacco products in a U.S. national sample of women aged 18–44 who completed both Wave 1 (W1) and Wave 2 (W2) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH, 2013–2014, 2014–2015) study (N = 7814). Quit rates were examined among women who transitioned into pregnancy across survey waves, and among a comparable sample of non-pregnant women to provide contextual information about quitting among the broader population of reproductive-aged women. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the associations of pregnancy and quitting adjusting for other demographic and psychosocial characteristics. Quit rates among women who were pregnant in W2 were highest for hookah (98.3%), followed by cigars (88.0%), e-cigarettes (81.3%), and lowest for tobacco cigarettes (53.4%). Slightly more than half (58.7%) of women reported quitting use all tobacco products while pregnant. Pregnancy was independently associated with increased odds of quitting hookah (AOR = 52.9, 95%CI = 3.4, 830.2), e-cigarettes (AOR = 21.0, 95%CI = 2.6, 170.3), all tobacco products (AOR = 9.6, 95%CI = 6.4, 14.5), and cigarettes (AOR = 6.5, 95%CI = 4.2, 10.1), although not cigars. Relative to other demographic and psychosocial characteristics, pregnancy was the strongest predictor of quitting use of each tobacco product. While these data indicate that pregnancy has strong, independent associations with quitting a variety of commercially available tobacco products, the comparatively lower quit rates for cigarettes versus other tobacco products underscores the long-standing need for more intensive, multipronged clinical and regulatory interventions to reduce cigarette use among reproductive-aged women.
A Global Climatology of Extratropical Transition. Part II: Statistical Performance of the Cyclone Phase Space

AbstractThis study analyzes the differences between an objective, automated identification of tropical cyclones (TCs) that undergo extratropical transition (ET), and the designation of ET determine...
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid for Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor and Numbers of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in Ovariectomized Ewes after Hypothalamic-Pituitary Disconnection and Treatment with Estradiol'

To study the regulation of ovine GnRH receptors in the absence of GnRH, hypotha- lamic input was removed by hypothalamic-pituitary disconnection (HPD). Steady-state concentrations of GnRH receptor mRNA and numbers of GnRH recep- tors were measured after HPD and subsequent treatment with estradiol. Anterior pituitary glands were collected 24 (n = four), 36 (n = two), 48 (n = four), and 72 h (n = four) after HPD. An additional group of ewes received subcutaneous implants of estradiol 24 h after HPD, and pituitary glands were collected 0 (n = four), 12 !n = four), 24 (n = three), and 48 h (n = four) after exposure to estradiol. Pituitary glands were also obtained from four ovariec- tomized ewes that did not undergo HPD (OVX controls). At 24 h after HPD, mean number of GnRH receptors had decreased (P < .05) by 73%; however, mean concentration of GnRH receptor mRNA was not different from OVX controls. Relative to HPD ewes, treatment with estradiol increased mean concentra- tions of GnRH receptor mRNA and mean numbers of GnRH receptors (P < .01 and P < .001, respectively). From these data we conclude that 1) acute removal of GnRH decreases the numbers of GnRH receptors but does not affect steady-state concentrations of GnRH receptor mRNA and 2) estradiol increases the num- bers of GnRH receptors and steady-state concentra- tions of GnRH receptor mRNA via direct effects at the level of the pituitary gland.
Native Epistemology and Embodied Cognitive Theory

In this chapter, I delve into the intersection of phenomenological embodiment and embodied cognition as developed by Mark Johnson and George Lakoff to help set up the frame that I construct to demonstrate the philosophical relationship between dance and Native American ways of knowing. This partnership elucidates how meaning is embodied, as both frameworks are grounded in experiential, phenomenological approaches to knowledge. This blending of Native American epistemology and an embodied cognitive theory of meaning helps to flesh out my claim that metaphorical knowledge lends itself to an analysis of procedural knowledge. Using pivotal Native American knowing practices, I will show that metaphorical knowledge is not merely expressive; it is a function of Truth insofar as it is lived truth.
Rapamycin-upregulated miR-29b promotes mTORC1-hyperactive cell growth in TSC2-deficient cells by downregulating tumor suppressor retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ).

miR-29b has been identified as a rapamycin-induced microRNA (miRNA) in Tsc2-deficient, mTORC1-hyperactive cells. The biological significance of this induction of miR-29b is unknown. We have found that miR-29b acts as an oncogenic miRNA in Tsc2-deficient cells: inhibition of miR-29b suppressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent cell growth, cell migration, invasion, and the growth of Tsc2-deficient tumors in vivo. Importantly, the combination of miR-29b inhibition with rapamycin treatment further inhibited these tumor-associated cellular processes. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which miR-29b promotes tumorigenesis, we used RNA sequencing to identify the tumor suppressor retinoid receptor beta (RARβ) as a target gene of miR-29b. We found that miR-29b directly targeted the 3′UTR of RARβ. Forced expression of RARβ reversed the effects of miR-29b overexpression in proliferation, migration, and invasion, indicating that it is a critical target. miR-29b expression correlated with low RARβ expression in renal clear cell carcinomas and bladder urothelial carcinomas, tumors associated with TSC gene mutations. We further identified growth family member 4 (ING4) as a novel interacting partner of RARβ. Overexpression of ING4 inhibited the migration and invasion of Tsc2-deficient cells while silencing of ING4 reversed the RARβ-mediated suppression of cell migration and invasion. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel miR-29b/RARβ/ING4 pathway that regulates tumorigenic properties of Tsc2-deficient cells, and that may serve as a potential therapeutic target for TSC, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and other mTORC1-hyperactive tumors.
Touching the Elephant: A Holistic Approach to Understanding International Student Experiences

In this editorial essay, the author uses the Indian parable known as The Blind Men and an Elephant to illustrate different perspectives that may frame the international student experience. It discusses the abundance of blinders and high stakes in a growth industry. The editorial illustrates the need to shift perspectives and widen the circle of support and why a holistic approach matters.
Factors associated with HPV testing in oropharyngeal cancer in the National Cancer Data Base from 2013 to 2015.

Abstract Objectives Given the recent treatment deintensification clinical trials for Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer, College of American Pathologists recommendation for HPV-testing of all oropharyngeal cancers and treatment disparities in head and neck cancer, determining factors related to HPV testing are exceedingly pertinent. Materials and Methods We used the National Cancer Data Base, accounting for 70% of new cancer diagnoses. To reduce the heterogeneity due to the recent recommendation of HPV-testing, we used squamous cell oropharyngeal cancer patients from 2013 to 2015. We only used patients that have either reported HPV testing and non-testing (30.5% of the sample). We used a chi-square test to compare the factors among tested and untested patients and calculated the prevalence ratio for not tested to those tested with Poisson regression. As a sensitivity analysis, we used a fully Conditional Specification implemented by the MICE algorithm to impute missing variables. Results Of the 24,241 oropharyngeal cancer patients with HPV testing data, 12% were not been tested for HPV. Across the study period, integrated network and low-volume hospitals had the lowest proportion of HPV testing from 2013 to 2015. In a multivariable analysis, compared to patients with private insurance, Medicaid (PR: 1.82; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.63–2.02) and uninsured (PR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.52–2.01) patients were more likely not to be tested for HPV. We saw similar results in the imputed dataset, in which 12.5% of patients were not tested. Conclusions This heterogeneity in testing is significant, given potential de-intensification of treatment for HPV-positive cancer. Future research should examine interventions in non-academic low-volume to ensure equitable treatment for all.