cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progress Monitoring in Reading: Comparison of Weekly, Bimonthly, and Monthly Assessments for Students at Risk for Reading Difficulties in Grades 2–4

Abstract The present study examined the utility of two progress monitoring assessment schedules (bimonthly and monthly) as alternatives to monitoring once weekly with curriculum-based measurement in reading (CBM-R). General education students (N = 93) in Grades 2–4 who were at risk for reading difficulties but not yet receiving special education services had their progress monitored via three assessment schedules across 1 academic year. Four mixed-factorial analyses of variance tested the effect of progress monitoring schedule (weekly, bimonthly, monthly), grade (2, 3, and 4), and the interaction effect between schedule and grade on four progress monitoring outcomes: intercept, slope, standard error of the estimate, and standard error of the slope. Results indicated that (a) progress monitoring schedule significantly predicted each outcome, (b) grade predicted each progress monitoring outcome except the standard error of the slope, and (c) the effect of schedule on each outcome did not depend on students'...
The Impact of New Architectures on the Ubiquitous Operational Amplifier

The operational amplifier has steadily evolved since its inception almost fifty years ago. Sometimes though, radically new architectures appear to fill market requirements. Also, the availability of new I.C. processes such as BiCMOS and Complementary Bipolar yield components which have not previously been available to the op-amp designer. This paper is a review of some recent and not so recent developments.
Neutron Star Evolution and the Birth Properties of Radio Pulsars

Because very few radio pulsars are observed within a few thousand years of their formation our knowledge of their birth properties is intimately connected with our understanding of the evolution of the pulsar population as a whole. The first two sections of this paper outline the most commonly invoked model of pulsar evolution and review the observed properties of the pulsar population in the context of this model. The third section outlines some possible shortcomings of this model, looking particularly at the possible effects of binary evolution, the possiblity that some pulsars are formed in the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs, and the possiblity that some pulsars are born as slow rotators.
Environment and unconditioned motor behavior: Influences of drugs and environmental geometry on behavioral organization in rats

Unconditioned motor behavior is widely used as a behavioral assay for a variety of experimental manipulations. This investigation examined the relationships in rats between effects of drugs (5.0 mg/kg of nomifensine, 5.0 mg/kg of MBDB, and 0.40 mg/kg of heroin) and the geometric properties of the testing environment (a 30.5 × 60.5 cm rectangular chamber, a 40-cm-diam circular chamber, and a 60.5 × 60.5 cm square chamber) using a video-camera-based observation system on measures characterizing the geometrical characteristics of movements. The results show that spatial patterns of movements differ significantly across environments having different geometric properties. The magnitude of drug-induced changes of these patterns can be proportional or inversely proportional to the baseline rate observed in saline animals. These results suggest that, relative to the performance of saline controls, the effect of a drug can be characterized as environmentally dependent, environmentally independent, or environmentally idiosyncratic on the basis of its effect in different environments.
High UDG and BRCA1 expression is associated with adverse outcome in patients with pemetrexed treated non-small cell lung Cancer.

Abstract Objective The antifolate chemotherapy agent pemetrexed has been widely used to treat non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC), but there is no clinically validated biomarker to select patients likely to respond. The aim of this study was to assess two proteins involved in DNA repair mechanisms, uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) and BRCA1 as potential prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC patients treated with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy. Material and methods Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 119 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with pemetrexed between 2004 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Expression of UDG, BRCA1, and known prognostic factors ALK, TTF-1, thymidylate synthase and folylpolyglutamate synthase was assessed by immunohistochemistry using H-SCORE (product of percent stained cells and intensity of expression). Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) served as reference endpoint. Results Most NSCLC tumor samples had UDG positivity in at least 5% of tumor cells and 34% samples had more than 50% positive tumor cells. Using the median expression value as threshold, high UDG expression (H-SCORE≥75) was significantly associated with shorter median PFS (3-year PFS 7% vs. 37%, p = 0.045) and a trend for shorter OS (3-year OS 15% vs 42%, p = 0.066) compared to patients with low UDG. In multivariable Cox analysis, the association between high UDG and shorter PFS was close to statistically significant (p = 0.08) at a significance level of 0.05 after controlling for age, gender, ALK- and TTF1-status with hazard ratio of 2.1. Grouping patients according to combined UDG and BRCA1 expression, patients with a profile of UDGhigh/BRCA1high had the shortest PFS and OS compared to all other patient groups (p = 0.007 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Our results demonstrate an important prognostic role for high UDG expression in pemetrexed-treated NSCLC patients, in addition to its previously reported role in pemetrexed cytotoxicity. High UDG expression was predictive of shorter PFS and OS, and patients with a combined profile of UDGhigh/BRCA1high had the poorest outcome following pemetrexed treatment.
How Would MRI-Targeted Prostate Biopsy Alter Radiation Therapy Approaches in Treating Prostate Cancer?

Abstract Objectives To determine if MRI/ultrasound fusion-targeted prostate biopsy (TB) would lead to increased recommendations of aggressive radiotherapy treatments for higher risk prostate cancer compared to systematic biopsy (SB) results. Methods Clinicopathologic data of 533 men who underwent both TB and SB from 2014-2017 was analyzed. TB was performed in addition to SB in patients with detection of MRI suspicious lesions. Three patient cohorts were established: (1) biopsy naive (80/533,15.0%), (2) active surveillance (185/533,34.7%), and (3) prior negative biopsy (268/533,50.3%). Cancer risk categorical criteria were established with recommended radiotherapy treatment for each. Variation of risk classification due to biopsy method for all patients and within each cohort were analyzed using either a chi-squared statistic or Fisher's Exact test. McNemar's pairwise analyses were performed for all risk categories between TB and SB to assess the effects of TB on high-risk cancer identification and subsequent radiotherapy recommendations. Results Number of patients within cancer risk categories (1.“No Cancer or Low-Risk”; 2.“More Favorable Intermediate-Risk”; 3.“Less Favorable Intermediate-Risk”; 4.“High-Risk”) varied significantly based on TB and SB pathology among all patients combined(p Conclusions Among men with prostate cancer, TB commonly led to reclassification to a higher risk group, which is accompanied by more aggressive radiotherapy treatment recommendations when compared with SB findings alone.
Blockchain Inspired RFID-Based Information Architecture for Food Supply Chain

In this paper, we propose a blockchain inspired Internet-of-Things architecture for creating a transparent food supply chain. The architecture uses a proof-of-object-based authentication protocol, which is analogous to the cryptocurrency’s proof-of-work protocol. The complete architecture was realized by integrating a radio frequency identification (RFID)-based sensor at the physical layer and blockchain at the cyber layer. The RFID provides a unique identity of the product and the sensor data, which helps in real time quality monitoring. For this purpose, a small feature size 900-MHz RFID coupled sensor was fabricated and demonstrated for real time sensor data acquisition. The blockchain architecture aids in creating a tamper-proof digital database of the food packages at each instance. A detailed security analysis was performed to investigate the vulnerability of the proposed architecture under different types of cyber attacks.
Duelling networks: relational clientelism in electoral-authoritarian Malaysia

ABSTRACTMalaysia’s May 2018 elections saw the ignominious defeat of the long-dominant Barisan Nasional (National Front, BN) coalition at the hands of the alternative Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Ho...
Simulating maritime chokepoint disruption in the global food supply

The crops of wheat, maize, and rice make up almost two-thirds of the world’s dietary needs. Additionally, soybeans account for three-quarters of global livestock feed. Considering over half of the world’s exported supply of these commodities is exported via maritime means, the free flow of marine traffic becomes paramount. Current optimization models found in a number of studies involving food commodities lack the ability to capture the inherent variance in maritime transport. To capture this variance, a discrete-event simulation was built to understand how disruptions in this system impact those who rely on its unhindered functionality. Monthly export data are used, and the maritime chokepoints of the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, and the Strait of Gibraltar are modeled for disruption. Results indicate significant food shortages for all importers studied. Marine traffic through the Strait of Malacca was also significantly impacted when any of the three chokepoints studied were closed.
Selective Autophagy Maintains the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Levels in HeLa Cells: A Mechanism That Is Dependent on the p23 Co-Chaperone.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environmental sensing molecule which impacts diverse cellular functions such as immune responses, cell growth, respiratory function, and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. It is widely accepted that the degradation of AHR by 26S proteasome occurs after ligand activation. Recently, we discovered that HeLa cells can modulate the AHR levels via protein degradation without exogenous treatment of a ligand, and this degradation is particularly apparent when the p23 content is down-regulated. Inhibition of autophagy by a chemical agent (such as chloroquine, bafilomycin A1, or 3-methyladenine) increases the AHR protein levels in HeLa cells whereas activation of autophagy by short-term nutrition deprivation reduces its levels. Treatment of chloroquine retards the degradation of AHR and triggers physical interaction between AHR and LC3B. Knockdown of LC3B suppresses the chloroquine-mediated increase of AHR. Down-regulation of p23 promotes AHR degradation via autophagy with no change of the autophagy-related gene expression. Although most data in this study were derived from HeLa cells, human lung (A549), liver (Hep3B), and breast (T-47D and MDA-MB-468) cells also exhibit AHR levels sensitive to chloroquine treatment and AHR–p62/LC3 interactions. Here we provide evidence supporting that AHR undergoes the p62/LC3-mediated selective autophagy in HeLa cells.
Roundtable Discussion, Women in the Revolution: Gender and Social Justice after the Arab Spring

This Roundtable Discussion, published in both the Journal of Gender, Race & Justice and Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, was part of a joint symposium held at the University of Iowa College of Law on September 26, 2014: Women in the Revolution: Gender and Social Justice After the Arab Spring. The Roundtable Discussion included symposium speakers Shafiqa Ahmadi, Associate Professor of Clinical Education at the Rossier School of Education at the University of Southern California; Sahar F. Aziz, Professor at Texas AM Karima Bennoune, Professor of Law and Martin Luther King, Jr. Hall Research Scholar at the University of California, Davis School of Law; Mounira Maya Charrad, Professor at the University of Texas Department of Sociology; Sara Ghadiri, Associate Attorney at Chapman and Cutler LLP; Ahmed E. Souaiaia, Associate Professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Iowa; and Seval Yildirim, Associate Dean for Faculty Development and Professor of Law, Whittier Law School. The moderator of this discussion was Adrien K. Wing, Associate Dean for International and Comparative Law Programs, Director of the University of Iowa Center for Human Rights, Bessie Dutton Murray Professor of Law, University of Iowa College of Law.
Retinoic acid receptor alpha activation is necessary and sufficient for plasticity induced by recurrent central apnea.

Local mechanisms near phrenic motor neurons respond to reductions in respiratory-related synaptic inputs by triggering a chemoreflex-independent, proportional enhancement in inspiratory output, a f...
Basic Engineering Concepts and Terminology Underlying Ocular Rigidity

This chapter outlines basic concepts for quantifying, understanding and comparing mechanical forces and material properties, with a particular emphasis on the relevance of these concepts to ocular biomechanics. We introduce the concepts of stress, strain, elastic modulus, and viscoelasticity. Additionally, we examine several simple equations used to describe the mechanical environment of the eye at an organ level. We conclude with a discussion of the ways in which cells perceive and respond to their mechanical environment.
Annals On Call - COPD: What Clinicians Need to Know-Part 1.

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with Dr. Anand S. Iyer.
Brownian Motion with Applications

In the chapters that follow, we will provide a reasonably systematic introduction to stochastic processes; we start here by considering a particular stochastic process that is important both in the theory and in applications, together with some applications.
A Railroad Atlas of the United States in 1946, volume 5, Iowa & Minnesota

Review of: "A Railroad Atlas of the United States in 1946, volume 5, Iowa & Minnesota," by Richard C. Carpenter.
The Development of Non-Radiative Probes for In Vivo Applications

Recently, the field of activatable probes has been extended from fluorescence to magnetic resonance (MR). Magnetic relaxation switches take advantage of the change in T2 relaxation time that occurs upon binding of multiple bioconjugated superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles to a target. Here, we use a model system to detect biotinilated BSA using switchable magnetic particles. The presence of the biotinilated BSA results in the aggregation of nanoparticles and leas to a substantial decrease in the T2 relaxation time. Magnetic relaxation switches show great promise for clinical in vitro diagnostics and in vivo imaging since changes in T2 are independent of the sample medium. Tests can be performed in turbid solutions without loss of sensitivity, unlike with fluorescence measurements.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Symmetry Reduction Criteria for Software Model Checking

Symmetry reduction techniques exploit symmetries that occur during the execution of a system, in order to minimize its state space for efficient verification of temporal logic properties. This paper presents a framework for concisely defining and evaluating two symmetry reductions currently used in software model checking, involving heap objects and, respectively, processes. An on-the-fly state space exploration algorithm combining both techniques is also presented. Second, the relation between symmetry and partial order reductions is investigated, showing how one's strengths can be used to compensate for the other's weaknesses. The symmetry reductions presented here were implemented in the dSPIN model checking tool. We performed a number of experiments that show significant progress in reducing the cost of finite state software verification.
Molecular Evolution of Glycophorins

Humans and closely related apes have four glycophorin-encoding genes, three of which form a small paralogous gene family. These genes encode sialoglycoproteins that localise to the plasma membrane of the red blood cell. Although the biological function of these proteins is not well understood, and their presence does not appear necessary for human viability or normal health, all four glycophorin-encoding genes show evidence of accelerated evolution through positive natural selection. This selection is likely caused by a coevolutionary dynamic between glycophorins and Plasmodium falciparum receptors that use these molecules to gain entry into the red blood cell. Key Concepts: Gene duplication, followed by DNA sequence divergence and non-homologous recombination, has shaped the GYPA-GYPB-GYPC gene family. Positive natural selection, likely mediated by Plasmodium falciparum, has caused accelerated amino acid evolution at all glycophorin-encoding genes. Keywords: glycophorins; sialoglycoproteins; malaria; natural selection; gene duplication
Preconditioning induces tolerance by suppressing glutamate release in neuron culture ischemia models

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 470–481. Abstract This study determined how preconditioned neurons responded to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to result in neuroprotection instead of neurotoxicity. Neurons preconditioned using chronically elevated synaptic activity displayed suppressed elevations in extracellular glutamate ([glutamateex]) and intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+in) during OGD. The glutamate uptake inhibitor TBOA induced neurotoxicity, but at a longer OGD duration for preconditioned cultures, suggestive of delayed up-regulation of transporter activity relative to non-preconditioned cultures. This delay was attributed to a critically attenuated release of glutamate, based on tolerance observed against insults mimicking key neurotoxic signaling during OGD (OGD-mimetics). Specifically, in the presence of TBOA, preconditioned neurons displayed potent protection to the OGD-mimetics: ouabain (a Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor), high 55 mM KCl extracellular buffer (plasma membrane depolarization), veratridine (a Na+ ionophore), and paraquat (intracellular superoxide producer), which correlated with suppressed [glutamateex] elevations in the former two insults. Tolerance by preconditioning was reversed by manipulations that increased [glutamateex], such as by exposure to TBOA or GABAA receptor agonists during OGD, or by exposure to exogenous NMDA or glutamate. Pre-synaptic suppression of neuronal glutamate release by preconditioning, possibly via suppressed exocytic release, represents a key convergence point in neuroprotection during exposure to OGD and OGD-mimetics.
Parallel Simulation of Data Parallel Programs

Accurate simulations of parallel programs for large datasets can often be slow; parallel execution has been shown to offer significant potential in reducing the execution time of many discrete-event simulators. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a parallel simulator called DPSIM that simulates the execution of data parallel programs on contemporary message-passing parallel architectures. The simulator has been implemented on the IBM SPx using a conservative synchronization algorithm. This paper also describes the use of the simulator in evaluating the impact of architectural characteristics like processor speed and message communication latency on the performance of scientific applications including Gauss Jordan elimination and matrix multiplication.
Carcinogenesis: A balance between β-catenin and APC

A protein first identified by its association with cadherin cell adhesion molecules, beta-catenin, has been implicated in carcinogenesis. In a number of different types of cancer, signalling through beta-catenin is upregulated either by direct mutation of beta-catenin or loss of negative regulation by the APC tumor suppressor protein.
A small artery heat transfer model for self-heated thermistor measurements of perfusion in the kidney cortex

A small artery model (SAM) for self-heated thermistor measurements of perfusion in the canine kidney is developed based on the anatomy of the cortex vasculature. In this model interlobular arteries and veins play a dominant role in the heat transfer due to blood flow. Effective thermal conductivity, k ss , is calculated from steady state thermistor measurements of heat transfer in the kidney cortex. This small artery and vein model of perfusion correctly indicates the shape of the measured k ss versus perfusion curve. It also correctly predicts that the sinusoidal response of the thermistor can be used to measure intrinsic tissue conductivity, k m , in perfused tissue. Although this model is specific for the canine kidney cortex, the modeling approach is applicable for a wide variety of biologic tissues
Artificial gravel produced by sintering soil

A montmorillonite-type clay soil was sintered at 800°C to form a permeable gravel substitute suitable for use as a drainage envelope material. Compression testing showed the sintered soil to be water-stable with deformation characteristics that resemble sand more than the original soil. Hydraulic conductivity of the soil was increased more than ten-fold by sintering. The economics of sintering may be favourable depending on the costs of mining and hauling gravel from local deposits.
AM‐111 prevents hearing loss from semicircular canal injury in otitis media

Objectives/Hypothesis: Iatrogenic semicircular canal (SC) transection during mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media often leads to profound hearing loss. AM-111, an apoptosis inhibitor, has been shown to mitigate hearing loss resulting from a variety of inner ear injuries. The goal of this study was to determine if round window application of AM-111 following SC transection in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa otitis media (PA-OM) may reduce the associated hearing loss. Study Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled study in an animal model. Methods: PA-OM was induced bilaterally in 34 guinea pigs. After 3 days, both bullae were opened and the lateral SC of one ear was transected. AM-111 or vehicle was applied topically to the round window of the ear that had undergone SC transection. Hearing was assessed with auditory brainstem responses. Results: The mean change in hearing thresholds was significantly less in transected ears treated with AM-111 than those receiving vehicle alone when testing with clicks (22.1 dB vs. 35.0 dB; P = .019) and at 4kHz (11.3 dB vs. 40.0 dB; P = .021). A similar trend was shown with 16 kHz tone pips (27.7 dB vs. 41.1 dB; P = .119). Conclusions: AM-111 prevents hearing loss from SC transection in the guinea pig model of PA-OM. Laryngoscope, 2010
New Deal Ruins: Race, Economic Justice, and Public Housing Policy

The story of public housing in the US (known as social housing or council housing in Europe) is a long and generally sad one dating all the way back to its construction beginning in the 1930s. As p...
Narrow linewidth tunable CW thulium fiber lasers with VBG and GMRF stabilization

Eye-safe, high power tunable narrow linewidth lasers are important for various applications such as atmospheric propagation measurements. We have investigated two techniques of generating narrow linewidth thulium 2-μm fiber lasers, utilizing a reflective volume Bragg grating (VBG), and a guided mode resonance filter (GMRF) as a cavity end mirror. A stable narrow linewidth (50 pm), tunable (from 2004 nm to 2054 nm) thulium doped fiber laser using a reflective VBGg was demonstrated. A CW power of 17 W was achieved. Using a GMRF as an end mirror we showed a narrow linewidth (~30 pm) laser with an output power of 5.8W, and at a slope efficiency of 44%.
Tobacco Cessation Intervention During Pregnancy Among Alaska Native Women

This paper describes a community-based participatory research program with Alaska Native people addressing a community need to reduce tobacco use among pregnant women and children. Tobacco use during pregnancy among Alaska Native women is described along with development of a community partnership, findings from a pilot tobacco cessation intervention, current work, and future directions. Among Alaska Native women residing in the Yukon Kuskokwim Delta region of western Alaska, the prevalence of tobacco use (cigarette smoking and/or use of smokeless tobacco) during pregnancy is 79%. Results from a pilot intervention study targeting pregnant women indicated low rates of participation and less than optimal tobacco abstinence outcomes. Developing alternative strategies to reach pregnant women and to enhance the efficacy of interventions is a community priority, and future directions are offered.
Mitral and tricuspid valve repair in patients with previous mediastinal radiation therapy.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of mitral and tricuspid valve repair after mediastinal radiation therapy. Methods From 1976 to 2001, 22 patients (mean age 61 ± 14 years) underwent mitral (n = 14), tricuspid (n = 6), or both (n = 2) valve repairs 15 ± 9 years after mediastinal radiation therapy. Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass graft, 11 patients; valve replacement, 6 patients (4 aortic, 3 mitral, 1 tricuspid, and 1 pulmonary); and pericardiectomy, 4 patients. Results Total follow-up was 82.5 patient-years (mean 3.7 ± 3.3 years). Early mortality was 3 patients. There were 7 late deaths, 4 of which were of cardiovascular origin. Of the 19 early survivors, 2 required subsequent valve replacements, and 1 required cardiac transplantation 3.4 ± 2.8 years after valve repair. One patient died after reoperation. In 4 patients who did not undergo reoperation, echocardiographic examinations showed progressive deterioration of their repaired valve function. Overall survival, freedom from cardiac death, and freedom from valve reoperation or cardiac transplantation at 5 years for early survivors was 66%, 85%, and 88%, respectively. New York Heart Association functional class at follow-up was I or II in 8 of the 12 late survivors. Conclusions Functional status was good in two-thirds of late survivors. However, severe dysfunction of the repaired valve developed in 32% of early survivors and 16% required further surgery. Valve repair is technically feasible in selected patients after mediastinal radiation therapy; however, the limited durability of repairs after mediastinal radiation in this series suggests that valve replacement might be preferable.
Relationship Power and Betrayal Experience as Predictors of Reactions to Infidelity

Explanations for sexual infidelity have been dominated by an evolutionary psychological theory of jealousy that finds its strongest support in research that employs a forced-choice hypothetical infidelity paradigm wherein participants imagine experiencing infidelity and choose whether sexual or emotional infidelity would be more distressing. Robust gender differences that support evolutionary psychological perspectives are consistently found using this paradigm, but recent work suggests that gender differences may be attenuated among actual infidelity victims. However, no research has used the forced-choice paradigm to compare real and hypothetical infidelity. This study uses this paradigm to compare reactions to imagined dating infidelity to those of infidelity victims. No gender differences are observed in response to the forced-choice question among victims of infidelity. Gender differences among participants who imagined infidelity are partially mediated by level of relationship power. Difficulties with the hypothetical forced-choice paradigm and implications for the evolutionary psychological theory of jealousy are discussed.
Parallel computational fluid dynamics design on network-based computer

Combining multiple engineering workstations into a network-based heterogeneous parallel computer allows the application of aerodynamic optimization with advanced computational fluid dynamics codes, which can be computationally expensive on mainframe supercomputers. This article introduces a nonlinear quasi-Newton optimizer designed for this network-based heterogeneous parallel computing environment utilizing a software called Parallel Virtual Machine. This article will introduce the methodology behind coupling a parabolized NavierStokes flow solver to the nonlinear optimizer. This parallel optimization package is applied to reduce the wave drag of a body of revolution and a wing/body configuration with results of 5-6% drag reduction.
Blood feeding and oviposition by tabanids (Diptera) in the laboratory.

Deer flies and horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) were collected during 1983–1984 from pastures and salt marshes in Connecticut, USA. Females were given warmed (31–37 °C), citrated beef blood in the laboratory by Kimwipe tissues soaked with blood or by membrane feeding devices. Of the 673 tabanids observed, 152 (22.6%) ingested blood. Members of the following species fed from one or both blood sources: Hybomitra aurilimba, H. hinei, H. sodalis, Tabanus lineola, T. marginalis, T. nigrovittatus, T. quinquevittatus, and T. superjumentarius. Based on a minimum of 15 individuals, the proportion that fed from membrane feeders varied from 20% for T. lineola to 43.4% for T. nigrovittatus. Fully engorged T. nigrovittatus and T. quinquevittatus deposited fertile eggs that hatched in ≤ 10 days after oviposition. Comparisons of these 2 species revealed minor differences in rates of follicular development, numbers of days to oviposition, or durations to eclosion.
Transmission electron microscopy study of high-Zr-content lead zirconate titanate.

Transmission electron microscopy studies have been performed on a series of Pb(${\mathrm{Zr}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ti}}_{\mathit{x}}$)${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ compositions for 0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.2. These studies revealed several important features of the phase transformational sequence. Locally ordered R-type and M-type oxygen octahedral rotations were found in the paraelectric state. Near the Curie temperature, a longer-range ordering of oxygen octahedral rotations was observed to develop. For x\ensuremath{\le}0.05, bright-field imaging and convergent beam electron-diffraction patterns revealed an intermediate ferroelectric phase with rhombohedral symmetry between low-temperature antiferroelectric orthorhombic and high-temperature paraelectric cubic states. This intermediate ferroelectric state was characterized by the presence of 1/2〈110〉 superlattice reflections, associated with ordered M-type oxygen octahedral rotations. Lattice imaging revealed nanosized domains which contained 〈110〉 structural modulations. With increasing Ti content, the intensity of the 1/2〈110〉 reflections was found to decrease. For 0.10x\ensuremath{\le}0.20, only weak diffuse 1/2〈110〉 reflections were observed; however, on cooling strong 1/2〈111〉 reflections were found to develop. It is believed that a hierarchy of symmetries exists over a wide region of the rhombohedral ferroelectric phase field. A modification of the high-Zr-content end of the Pb(${\mathrm{Zr}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ti}}_{\mathit{x}}$)${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ phase diagram is then proposed to acount for this hierarchy.
In Her Own Words: Ethnic-Minority Bisexual Women's Self-Reported Counseling Needs

Literature on counseling competence with lesbian and gay clients has been growing; however, research on bisexual-specific counseling is in its early stages. The counseling needs of ethnic-minority and female bisexual clients remain largely unexamined. Qualitative interviews with 14 ethnic-minority bisexual women were conducted to investigate the counseling considerations for this population. Consensual qualitative research analysis was used. Analyses revealed that counselor knowledge of the ethnic-minority bisexual experience, client concerns regarding counseling, specific therapeutic tasks, counselor's need for awareness of biases and client preferences for counselor characteristics were important counseling considerations. Implications for theory, practice, and research are explored.
Plasma Metabolites and Creatine Kinase Levels of Shorebirds During Fall Migration in the Prairie Pothole Region

ABSTRACT. Wetland habitats in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have been greatly reduced since European settlement, but the availability of managed wetlands has increased. The relative efficacy of these two habitats for meeting energetic demands of migrating shorebirds is unknown. To assess the relative suitability of stopover sites, we measured plasma metabolites and creatine kinase in Least Sandpipers (Calidris minutilla), Semipalmated Sandpipers (C. pusilla), and Pectoral Sandpipers (C. melanotos) at natural and managed wetland sites during fall migration in northeastern South Dakota and westcentral Minnesota. We used stepwise multiple regression to identify significant effectors of plasma metabolite levels, followed by analysis of covariance to compare metabolite values between birds in the two habitat types. Plasma metabolite levels generally did not differ significantly between birds in the two habitat types, with two exceptions. Plasma triglycerides of Pectoral Sandpipers were 2.6× highe...
Occurrence in children of multiple risk factors for coronary artery disease: the Bogalusa heart study.

Abstract The aggregation at high levels of risk factor variables for coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied in 4064 children of a biracial population in Bogalusa, Louisiana. Above the age-, race-, and sex-specific 75th percentiles for serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and a weight-height index were 144 (3.33%) schoolchildren. This was greater than expected (P
Predicting virulence of Aeromonas isolates based on changes in transcription of c-jun and c-fos in human tissue culture cells.

Aims: To screen for the virulence potential of Aeromonas isolates based on the change in regulation of c-jun and c-fos in the human intestinal tissue culture cell line Caco-2. Methods and Results: Aeromonas cells were added to Caco-2 cells at a ratio of approx. 1 : 1. After 1-, 2- and 3-h incubation at 37°C, mRNA was extracted from the cells and gene expression of two host genes, c-jun and c-fos, quantified. Aeromonas isolates which were pathogenic in the neonatal mouse model demonstrated up-regulation of c-jun and c-fos compared to avirulent isolates. Conclusions: Human cell culture results showed that c-jun and c-fos were predictive of Aeromonas virulence. Significance and Impact of the Study: An Aeromonas relative virulence scale is proposed for use in the testing of Aeromonas drinking water isolates.
Molecular Computations Using Robust Hydrocarbon−Water Potentials for Predicting Gas Hydrate Phase Equilibria

To study the application of different potential forms to describe phase equilibrium for Structure I gas hydrates, molecular computations and sensitivity analyses were performed, and results were compared. Using 3-phase monovariant pressure−temperature data, “site−site” and “molecule-molecule” Lennard-Jones and Kihara potential parameters were fit via explicit quadrature calculations for water clathrates with guest molecules of methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and cyclopropane (C3H6). Although the Lennard-Jones and Kihara potential forms can be fit satisfactorily to experimental P−T data for ethane and cyclopropane hydrates using the van der Waals and Platteeuw model, they fail to predict accurately cage occupancies of methane hydrates. To correct the inherent inconsistencies of using fitted potentials, an H2O−CH4 bimolecular potential developed and validated in our earlier ab initio study1 was employed. The intermolecular potential, mapped from first-principles calculations, captures the molecular interactio...
Neuroprotective Effect of Hypothermia in Cortical Cultures Exposed to Oxygen‐Glucose Deprivation or Excitatory Amino Acids

We examined the effect of moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C) on neuronal injury in murine cortical cell cultures. Lowering the temperature during and after a period of oxygen-glucose deprivation reduced both the release of glutamate to the bathing medium and accompanying neuronal degeneration. Hypothermia immediately after brief exposure to high concentrations of NMDA or glutamate also reduced the resulting neuronal degeneration. This protective effect was not eliminated when MK-801 and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione were added immediately after washout of the exogenously added excitotoxin, suggesting that it was mediated by actions additional to reduction of endogenous late glutamate release. Hypothermia applied only during exposure to NMDA or glutamate, whether brief or prolonged, did not reduce subsequent cytosolic calcium accumulation or neuronal degeneration, suggesting that the postsynaptic induction of NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity is not sensitive to temperature reduction. However, hypothermia during prolonged S-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid or kainate exposure did reduce neuronal degeneration.
The Rhetoric of Dust: Toward a Rhetorical Theory of the Division of Domestic Labor

Inspired by Alberts, Tracy, and Trethewey's (2011, this issue) construct of the threshold of intolerance and yet concerned that the conceptualization did not incorporate a rhetorical component in its explanation of the division of domestic labor and frustration of inequitable distribution of that labor, I propose a rhetorical theory. The rhetorical theory of the domestic division of labor is grounded in five dialectics: the dialectic of absence/\presence, dialectic of ownership, dialectic of dependence/\independence, dialectic of identity, and dialectic of narrative disintegration. This rhetorical dialectical theory is applied to three previously published narratives. An interpretive analysis, guided by the dialectics, follows. Finally, contemporary cultural/rhetorical constructions and personal stories of the domestic division of labor are provided.
Biological repair of the degenerated intervertebral disc by the injection of growth factors

The homeostasis of intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues is accomplished through a complex and precise coordination of a variety of substances, including cytokines, growth factors, enzymes and enzyme inhibitors. Recent biological therapeutic strategies for disc degeneration have included attempts to up-regulate the production of key matrix proteins or to down-regulate the catabolic events induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several approaches to deliver these therapeutic biologic agents have been proposed and tested in a preclinical setting. One of the most advanced biological therapeutic approaches to regenerate or repair a degenerated disc is the injection of a recombinant growth factor. Abundant evidence for the efficacy of growth factor injection therapy for the treatment of IVD degeneration can be found in preclinical animal studies. Recent data obtained from animal studies on changes in cytokine expression following growth factor injection illustrate the great potential for patients with chronic discogenic low back pain. The first clinical trial for growth factor injection has been initiated and the results of that study may prove the usefulness of growth factor injection for treating the symptoms of patients with degenerative disc diseases. The focus of this review article is the effects of an in vivo injection of growth factors on the biological repair of the degenerated intervertebral disc in animal models. The effects of growth factor injection on the symptoms of patients with low back pain, the therapeutic target of growth factor injection and the limitations of the efficacy of growth factor therapy are also reviewed. Further quantitative studies on the effect of growth factor injection on pain generation and the long term effects on the endplate and cell survival after an injection using large animals are needed. An international academic-industrial consortium addressing these aims, such as was achieved for osteoarthritis (The Osteoarthritis Initiative), may further the development of biological therapies for degenerative disc diseases.
Change in Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Ultrasonographic Images of the Tibialis Anterior with Age

[Purpose] This study was designed to compare the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and muscle density of the tibialis anterior among different age groups. [Methods] The study subjects were 30 and 30 female elderly persons. Their ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in the sitting position was measured with a goniometer and muscle density was measured using the transverse ultasonographic images of the tibialis anterior in flexion with the bent atknee to 90 degrees. [Results] There were significant differences in the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and in the muscle density of the tibialis anterior among the different age groups. [Conclusion] These results suggest that dorsiflexion at the ankle joint and the tibialis anterior play important roles in maintaining balance. Therefore, clinical research into the roles of the ankle joint and the tibialis anterior to in maintaining the balance of the elderly will be helpful.
Academic Stress Among College Students: Comparison of American and International Students

This study compared academic stressors and reactions to stressors between American and international students using Gadzella’s Life Stress Inventory (B. M. Gadzella, 1991). Five categories of academic stressors (i.e., frustrations, conflicts, pressures, changes, and self-imposed) and four categories describing reactions to these stressors (i.e., physiological, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive) were examined. The sample consisted of 392 international and American students from 2 Midwestern universities. American students reported higher self-imposed stressors and greater behavioral reactions to stressors than international students. Respondent’s status (American or international) and interaction of status and stressors emerged as the 2 strongest predictors of their behavioral, emotional, physiological, and cognitive reaction to stressors. Five stressors attained statistical significance in the regression model. The findings emphasize the need to recognize cultural differences in stress management. Implications for mental health providers in the university arena are discussed.
Research Information Literacy: Addressing Original Researchers' Needs

Abstract Information literacy for faculty, doctoral students and other research-based graduate students, post-docs, and other original researchers is complex. There are fundamental differences between the processes of inquiry used by original researchers as compared to students or even faculty who are synthesizing information to find answers. Original research is different from information synthesis for discovery. Therefore, the information literacy processes to train and support those researchers are different. Analysis of the inquiry-oriented parts of the current and emerging information literacy Standards and Framework shows significant differences in the approach needed for teaching research information literacy. Promising instructional outcomes for information literacy training based around original research include gap analysis, theoretical and methodological discovery, and practical skills like funding search and analysis.
COULOMB SCATTERING IN THE THREE-BODY PROBLEM.

Using the Faddeev formalism for the three-body problem with two charged particles, with separable nuclear interactions and an approximate form for the Coulomb wave function and Coulomb Green's function, a simplified model is set up for $p\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering. The differential scattering cross section is calculated numerically for different incident proton energies from 2.08 to 14.0 MeV. The calculations are repeated with the Coulomb potential turned off, and the results are compared with the Coulomb scattering.
The Specificity of Antibodies Elicited by Poly(dG)-Poly(dC)

Abstract Antibodies have been raised to the synthetic DNA polymer poly(dG)·poly(dC). These antibodies have the ability to distinguish this right-handed polymer from natural mixed sequence DNA, as well as from other right- and left-handed synthetic DNA polymers. They show reduced but measurable binding to synthetic polymers which contain various combinations of guanine and cytosine polynucleotides suggesting that both helical shape and sequence are recognized by this antiserum.
Plasmonic photo-thermal therapy (PPTT)

Photo-thermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally-invasive therapy in which photon energy is converted into heat to kill cancer. Gold nanoparticles absorb light strongly and convert photon energy into heat quickly and efficiently, thereby making them superior contrast agents for PTT. This gold nanoparticle-assisted PTT called PPTT has showed great popularity and success in recent years. The present review starts with the outline of optical properties that base PPTT followed by description of the synthesis of several gold-based nanoparticles that have been used in PPTT including gold nanospheres, gold nanoshells, gold nanorods and gold nanocages. Therapeutic outcomes will be discussed for each type of gold nanoparticles. Cell death mechanisms and future perspectives of PPTT will be briefly mentioned at the end.
A QCD Model for e+ e- Annihilation

Abstract A QCD model for e+e− annihilation is presented, and its consequences are compared with experimental data. The model involves production of a shower of partons described by a simple approximation to QCD perturbation theory, and decay of colour singlet clusters of produced partons into hadrons through a simple phase space process. The model reproduces most known theoretical features of QCD, and, with certain choices of parameters, appears to correspond well with experimental results.
Rat Embryo Cells in Complement Fixation Tests for Murine Leukaemia Virus

HARTLEY et al.1 have described a sensitive technique for the detection and quantitation of murine leukaemia viruses based on the development of complement fixing group specific antigen in infected mouse embryo (ME) tissiae culture. This depends on the use of rat antisera in the complement fixation test to detect antigens shared by all known murine leukaemia viruses2,3. A number of tissue culture cells were tested for their ability to develop complement fixation antigen, and it was found that Swiss NIH-ME cells were the most sensitive host cells1. We have recently established and studied continuous lines of rat embryo (RE) cells—uninoculated and infected with Rauscher leukaemia virus (unpublished data of J. S. R. et al.)—and found that RE cells, as well as ME cells, can be used for the cultivation of Rauscher leukaemia virus. We now describe the use of RE cells in the test of Hartley et al.