cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a solar-assisted desiccant air conditioner for a residential building

Abstract The objective of this work was to develop a mathematical model of a solar-assisted desiccant air conditioner and simulate its performance in a residential building. The desiccant air conditioner modeled operates on the Munters Environmental Control (MEC) cycle. Based on the air conditioner model developed, a cooling system was designed in accordance with accepted HVAC engineering practice. The performance of this cooling system was evaluated in a residential building at various locations by means of computer simulations. Results obtained indicate that desiccant air conditioning can meet the cooling loads present in the three locations evaluated. The air conditioner design itself exhibits better than expected performance in all three locations considered. Desiccant cooling appears to be well matched to the available solar resource in the southwestern U.S. However, it appears that a significant amount of auxiliary energy is required to power the system in the northeastern and, in particular, the southeastern U.S. It is recommended that alternative thermal energy sources be evaluated for use with desiccant air conditioning in these locations.
Thrombin Is a Distal Mediator of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in the Rat

Abstract Previous results demonstrated that rats given Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 4 mg/kg, iv) experience hepatocellular necrosis that begins within 4 hr and that prior treatment with anticoagulants (e.g., heparin) which target thrombin prevents the liver injury. In this study, hepatocellular injury, as marked by increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and histologic changes, was prevented when heparin or hirudin was administred to rats shortly before the onset of injury. These results suggest that thrombin is a critical mediator that acts distally in the series of inflammatory events that culminates in hepatocellular damage. To explore further this hypothesis, livers isolated from rats 2 hr after LPS administration were perfused with various media. Perfusion of livers with medium comprising diluted blood from heparin-treated donors resulted in no release of ALT activity. By contrast, perfusion with similar medium anticoagulated with ancrod, which prevents clotting by depleting fibrinogen but does not inhibit thrombin, resulted in hepatocelluar injury evidenced as a time-dependent appearance of ALT activity in the medium. Moreover, when livers from rats treated 2 hr previously with LPS were perfused with buffer to which thrombin had been added, injury resulted. No injury resulted when thrombin was omitted from the buffer or when livers from saline-treated rats were used. These results indicate that thrombin is a critical and distal mediator of LPS-induced liver damage and contributes to hepatocellular injury through a mechanism that is independent of clot formation. Furthermore, inflammatory events triggered by LPS exposure are a prerequisite for thrombin-induced injury.
On the parameterized complexity of the Multi-MCT and Multi-MCST problems

The comparison of tree structured data is widespread since trees can be used to represent wide varieties of data, such as XML data, evolutionary histories, or carbohydrate structures. Two graph-theoretical problems used in the comparison of such data are the problems of finding the maximum common subtree (MCT) and the minimum common supertree (MCST) of two trees. These problems generalize to the problem of finding the MCT and MCST of multiple trees (Multi-MCT and Multi-MCST, respectively). In this paper, we prove parameterized complexity hardness results for the different parameterized versions of the Multi-MCT and Multi-MCST problem under isomorphic embeddings.
Range of Motion in Older Women

This study had three purposes: to compare the active neck and upper extremity range of motion (ROM) in healthy older women with expected estimates; to consider if right and left side measures were similar; and to determine the degree of ROM loss with advancing age. Sixty-one older women, living independently in the community, were measured at the neck, shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist on the right and left sides using a standard protocol. ROM was less than expected by 14_ to 30_ for neck lateral flexion (26.00_ ▪8.72_ on right; 26.41_ ▪7.67_ on left), shoulder abduction (154.62_D 21.37_ on right; 150.25_ ▪21.65_ on left), shoulder flexion (158.23_ ▪19.55_ on right; 159.20_ ▪8.73_ on left), shoulder internal rotation (52.92_ ▪8.99_ on right; 53.74_ ▪9.94_ on left), and shoulder external rotation (76.05_ ▪16.31_ on right; 72.44_ ▪15.37 on left). Some differences were noted between right and left side ROM. Linear regression for age and range suggested that range decreased with age by an average of approxi...
An accurate engineering model of an n-channel MOSFET for 60–300 K temperature range

Abstract We present a closed-form analytical model of the n -channel MOSFET for low-temperature applications. The new model takes into account physical effects specific for low-temperature MOSFET operation and introduces accurate analytical approximations for the surface potential, bulk charge effect and saturation voltage. A good agreement of computed current-voltage characteristics with experimental data is observed for both long-channel and short-channel devices in the 60–300 K temperature range.
A discretization-based approach for the optimization of the multiperiod blend scheduling problem

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a new generalized multiperiod scheduling version of the pooling problem to represent time varying blending systems. A general nonconvex MINLP formulation of the problem is presented. The primary difficulties in solving this optimization problem are the presence of bilinear terms, as well as binary decision variables required to impose operational constraints. An illustrative example is presented to provide unique insight into the difficulties faced by conventional MINLP approaches to this problem, specifically in finding feasible solutions. Based on recent work, a new radix-based discretization scheme is developed with which the problem can be reformulated approximately as an MILP, which is incorporated in a heuristic procedure and in two rigorous global optimization methods, and requires much less computational time than existing global optimization solvers. Detailed computational results of each approach are presented on a set of examples, including a comparison with other global optimization solvers.
A cancer fate in the hands of a samurai

Recent studies show that Musashi-2 (MSI2), a molecule that binds RNA, increases proliferation of normal and malignant blood stem cells. In humans, increased amounts of MSI2 correlate with poor prognosis of leukemia—indicating that MSI2 may be a target to treat this type of cancer.
Discrete and Lexicographic Helly-Type Theorems

Helly’s theorem says that if every d+1 elements of a given finite set of convex objects in ℝ d have a common point, then there is a point common to all of the objects in the set. We define three new types of Helly theorems: discrete Helly theorems—where the common point should belong to an a-priori given set, lexicographic Helly theorems—where the common point should not be lexicographically greater than a given point, and lexicographic-discrete Helly theorems. We study the relations between the different types of the Helly theorems. We obtain several new discrete and lexicographic Helly numbers.
Study of the clay effect on crude oil combustion by thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry

Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the effect of sand, silica and kaolinite on crude oil combustion. Three distinct regions, namely distillation and two combustion/cracking regions were observed on all TG curves. Thermogravimetric curves were analyzed using an Arrhenius-type kinetic model and a ratio method to obtain kinetic parameters. Activation energy and reaction order were obtained from this analysis. The reaction order seemed to be insensitive to the presence of granular materials. However, a significant reduction of activation energy was caused by addition of kaolinite to the crude oil, indicating that the kaolinite had a catalytic and surface area effect on crude oil combustion/cracking reactions.
Global cotton and local environmental management: the political ecology of rich and poor small-hold farmers in southern Mali

This study examines the hypothesis that poor households engage in less sustainable soil management practices than rich households in a similar socioeconomic environment. This broad objective is explored in Mali's southern cotton belt through three specific research questions. First, is there empirical evidence to support the claim that poor households engage in less sustainable soil management practices than rich households? Second, what local and extra-local factors influence household agricultural management approaches in southern Mali? Third, what broader scale political and economic processes are linked to the factors that influence local-level agricultural management approaches? The author reports that soil quality measures on the farms of rich and poor households are not significantly different, refuting the conventional wisdom that the wealthy are better managers of the environment. A variety of environmentally deleterious practices are associated with export-oriented cotton production, an activity more vigorously pursued by wealthy than poor farmers. Finally, the focus on poverty in international environment and development discourse has allowed the government of Mali to avoid a serious debate on the sustainability of cotton production. The study's findings are based on household interviews describing agricultural management practices, an analysis of farm field soil measures, and discussions with donors and national policymakers.
Heme oxygenase-1 mediates up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression induced by peroxynitrite in endothelial cells.

Objective:Endothelial cell (EC) activation with up-regulation of cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression is a pathophysiologic feature in preeclampsia (PE). Enhanced peroxynitrite formation in the vasculature of women with PE was also reported. This study was to test whether EC oxidative stress induced by peroxynitrite could up-regulate EC CAM expression, and whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has protective effects on this peroxynitrite-induced cellular response.Methods:Confluent ECs were stimulated with 3-morpholinosydnonimine-HCl (SIN-1, a peroxynitrite generator) alone or combined with Mn(III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride (MnTMPyP, a peroxynitrite scavenger) up to 4 hours. EC surface protein expressions for ICAM, VCAM, P-selectin, and E-selectin were measured by colorimetric assay. ECs were also treated with Sn(IV) mesophorphyrin IX dichloride (SnMP, a HO-1 inhibitor) to determine if HO-1 was involved in the increased CAM expression in stressed cells. Protein and mRNA express...
Gamma irradiation inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in rats after arterial injury.

Restenosis complicates a significant proportion of endovascular and open vascular procedures such as carotid endarterectomy. In contrast to the primary atheroma, restenosis is characterized by intimal hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells. We hypothesized that gamma radiation would reduce restenosis by limiting intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. To demonstrate the effect of gamma radiation on smooth muscle hyperplasia in vivo, a standardized bilateral carotid balloon catheter arterial injury was produced in 37 rats. A single dose of 750, 1500, or 2250 cGy (1cGy = 1 rad) gamma radiation was delivered to the right carotid artery at either 1 or 2 days after injury; the shielded contralateral carotid artery served as matched control. At 21 days after injury, vessels were perfusion-fixed in situ, and cross-sectional area of neointima was determined from axial sections using image analysis. Marked reductions in neointimal cross-sectional area were demonstrated in vessels subjected to 1500- and 2250-cGy radiation at both 1 and 2 days after injury. A less prominent effect was noted for 750 cGy, reaching statistical significance only at 2 days after injury. By two-way ANOVA, radiation dose (P = .0002), timing of radiation delivery (P = .003), and an interaction between timing and dose (P = .0278) were significantly associated with reduction in neointimal cross-sectional area. At 1500 cGy, delivery of radiation 1 day after injury inhibited neointimal hyperplasia more prominently than the same dose 2 days after injury; a dose-response relation was evident at 1 day. Radiation may be an important adjunctive therapy for reducing the incidence of restenosis after angioplasty or endarterectomy.
Hydrogeologic Factors Affecting New Sinkhole Development in the Orlando Area, Florida

Sinkhole development affects approximately 15 percent of the land area of the world. Development of new sinkholes is extremely site-specific, but general associations between new sinkhole development and hydrogeologic factors can be established for areas with adequate historical records of sinkhole development. In the Orlando area, east-central Florida, at least 140 sinkholes have developed between 1961 and 1986. The Orlando area is situated on a thickly mantled karst area, and sinkholes form by cover collapse or, less commonly, cover subsidence. On the average, 11 new sinkholes collapse each year. The mean diameter is 30.8 feet and the mean depth is 15.5 feet. Eighty-five percent of the new sinkholes occur in high recharge areas (10 to 15 inches/year) on slightly elevated, sandy ridges. Few or no sinkholes occur in discharge areas where net downward erosion of surficial sediment is very unlikely. Forty-two percent of all new sinkholes occur during April and May when ground-water levels are usually at seasonal low stands. When the potentiometric surface declines 5 feet below its mode, then more sinkholes than expected per unit time begin to occur. When the potentiometric surface declines 10 feet below its mode, then more than 10 times as many sinkholes as expected per unit time begin to occur. Management of ground-water withdrawal to avoid drawdowns in excess of 5 feet in sinkhole-prone areas will minimize new sinkhole development induced by man.
Outcomes after repair of the anterior mitral leaflet for degenerative disease.

Background Repair of anterior mitral disease is challenging. Objectives of this study were to (1) compare patients with anterior versus posterior disease, (2) identify factors predisposing to replacement rather than repair in anterior disease, (3) determine durability of, and survival after, repair, and (4) compare outcomes with those after posterior repair. Methods From January 1985 to January 2006, 3,544 patients underwent primary isolated mitral valve surgery for degenerative disease, including 307 isolated anterior (252 repairs, 82%) and 2,754 isolated posterior (2,650 repairs, 96%) leaflet procedures. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of valve replacement and to generate propensity scores for risk-adjusted comparisons. Durability was assessed by reoperation and return of mitral regurgitation. Results Patients with anterior disease were older and more symptomatic, with more chordal elongation and greater changes in cardiac morphology and function; advanced age was associated with replacement ( p p p = 0.03). Unadjusted survival was 83% versus 88% 10 years after posterior repair, but propensity-adjusted survival was similar ( p ≥ 0.5). Conclusions Patients with anterior disease have more symptoms and greater changes in cardiac structure and function than do patients with posterior disease. Anterior repair is less durable than posterior, but is associated with comparable, excellent long-term survival. More durable repair techniques, applicable to the broader spectrum of anterior disease, are needed.
Modeling the cutoff frequency of AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with proton-implanted collector region

Etude des effets du collecteur implante par protons sur la frequence maximum de coupure (F T ) et developpement d'un modele analytique approprie pour la prediction des caracteristiques f T dans les structures HBT avec structure a implantation de protons
A theoretical study of cytosolic calcium waves in Xenopus oocytes.

Abstract Calcium waves have been observed inXenopusoocytes through the use of confocal fluorescence microscopy. The waves assume many patterns including plane waves, target patterns and spirals. Modification of the membrane model (Jafriet al.,1992) to include diffusion terms in two dimensions reproduces planar and circular propagating waves. A one-dimensional model is used to study the properties of these waves. The model predicts that increasing the buffering capacity of the cytosol decreases the wave amplitude and speed. A decrease in the wave speed is also observed when the net calcium entry rate into the cytosol decreases. The model also predicts that as the diffusion constant is increased, the wave speed increases.
Tabletop soft x-ray holography with sub-200-nm spatial resolution

Sorf X-ray (SXR) Gabor's holograms recorded with a highly coherent table top λ = 46.9 nm laser were obtained with different numerical apertures yielding a spatial resolution of 164 nm. The holograms were recorded in a high resolution photoresist and digitized with an atomic force microscope. A detailed wavelet decomposition and correlation method was developed to assess the spatial resolution achieved in the numerical reconstruction of the holograms.
An ab-initio study of the mechanism of dipole moment formation in KH2PO4

Abstract Ab-initio molecular orbital cluster calculations with Gaussian-90 at Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center were carried out in order to understand the mechanism of dipole moment development and, hence, ferroelectricity in KH2PO4. Our specific goal was to evaluate the effect of the movement of H and P atoms on the magnitude and sign of the dipole moment. The equilibrium geometry was taken from earlier neutron diffraction studies. We designed two sets of clusters, H2PO4, and H4PO4, to perform the electronic structure calculations with bases set of 6–31G*, for paraelectric and ferroelectric phases. The calculations yield electric charge density distribution in the systems. It is seen that the dominant contribution to the development of dipole moment arises from the charge redistribution along the P-O-H bonds. The calculated results show clearly that the z-direction polarization develops as the H atoms move closer to the O atoms. Then, the polarization drives the P atom to move away from the center of the...
Theory of laser saturated atomic resonance fluorescence

Abstract Rate equations are developed and used to calculate the monochromatic laser power densities (~100 kw cm 2 ) that are required to effectively saturate the excited atom population in typical hot gases (
Galactosyltransferase and Concanavalin A Agglutination of Cells

Abstract A correlation has been observed between concanavalin A agglutination of various cell types and the presence of surface membrane galactosyltransferase (1-O-α-D-Galactosyl-myo-inositol:raffinose galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.67) activity. Moreover, a reduction to less than 50% of cell surface galactosyltransferase activity occurred after treatment with concanavalin A; other cell surface glycosyltransferase enzyme activities examined were unaffected by concanavalin A treatment. To confirm the participation of cell surface galactosyltransferase in concanavalin A-induced cell agglutination, the enzyme from rabbit erythrocytes was solubilized by sonication and purified by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was possible to achieve a purified preparation of rabbit erythrocyte galactosyltransferase by separation on concanavalin A-Sepharose. The purified enzyme showed visible immunoprecipitation (Ouchterlony) with concanavalin A. Furthermore, human erythrocytes, which are not normally agglutinated by concanavalin A, became agglutinable by the lectin when the erythrocytes were preincubated with purified galactosyltransferase. These experiments suggest a direct and possible specific role of cell surface galactosyltransferase enzyme in the mechanism of concanavalin A agglutination of cells.
Genetic analyses of Rhizobium meliloti exopolysaccharides.

Abstract We have recently obtained strong genetic evidence that the acidic Calcofluor-binding exopolyssaccharide (EPS I) of Rhizobium meliloti Rm1021 is required for nodule invasion and possibly for later events in nodule development. Thirteen loci on the second megaplasmid have been identified that are required for, or affect, the synthesis of EPS I. Mutations in certain of these loci completely abolish the production of EPS I and result in mutants that form empty Fix− nodules. exoH mutants fail to succinylate their EPS I and form empty Fix− nodules. We have identified two unlinked regulatory loci, exoR and exoS, whose products play negative roles in the regulation of expression of the exo genes. We have recently discovered that R. meliloti has a latent capacity to synthesize a second exopolysaccharide (EPS II) that can substitute for the role(s) of EPS I in nodulation of alfalfa but not of other hosts. Possible roles for the Rhizobium exopolysaccharides in nodulation are discussed.
Imaging of neonatal cholestasis

In the neonate with cholestasis, clinical features and standard tests of liver function frequently cannot distinguish between diseases of the hepatocyte and those of the biliary tree. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis is required. A priority in investigation is the identification of patients requiring surgery. A correct diagnosis regarding the need for surgery can be made in the majority of cases after synthesis of information obtained from abdominal sonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy, and liver biopsy. Intraoperative cholangiography is performed routinely to precisely delineate the anatomy of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.
CMOS biosensor system for on-chip cell culture with read-out circuitry and microfluidic packaging

A 1.5 mm × 3 mm CMOS chip with sensors for monitoring on-chip cell cultures has been designed. The chip is designed in a 0.5 µm CMOS process which has 3 metal layers and 2 poly layers and is a 5 volt process. The chip contains ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs), as well as ISFETs with read-out circuitry, for monitoring the pH of solutions placed on top of the chip. Interdigitated electrode structures (IDESs) are made using the top metal of the process to be used for sensing cellular attachment and proliferation via impendence. IDES read-out circuits and IDES test structures are included. The chip also contains test amplifiers, bandgap reference test structures, and connections for post-processing. We designed the chip to accommodate packaging into an environment where it will be directly exposed to a cell culture environment. Specifically we designed the chip to have the incorporated sensors near the center of the chip allowing for connections made around the edge of the chip to be sealed off using an epoxy or similar material to prevent shorting. Preliminary electrical characterization results for our amplifier indicate a gain of 48 dB, a bandwidth of 1.65 kHz, and a common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 72 dB. We also present a packaging technique using a flexible pcb substrate.
OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR DURING APPROACH-AVOIDANCE CONFLICT1

During one stimulus, food rewards and electric shocks were intermittently delivered to rats regardless of their behavior. Subjects could either terminate or initiate this stimulus by pressing a lever. Effects of the relative frequency of food and shock were studied by manipulating the variable-interval schedules associated with each. Increases in the relative frequency of shocks led to decreases in the amount of time each rat spent in the stimulus. Subjects initiated and terminated the stimulus most often at intermediate relative frequencies of food and shock, rather than in situations where the conditions were either very favorable (e.g., only food was possible) or very unfavorable (e.g., only shock was possible). This technique thus provides quantitative data on oscillatory behavior during conflict which confirm and extend results previously obtained by qualitative observation.
Differential inhibition with partially purified and endogenous rabbit reticulocyte globin mRNA by 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate.

The effect of 7-methylguanosine 5′-monophosphate (m7G5′ p) on translation of partially purified globin mRNA and of polysome-associated endogenous globin mRNA has been studied. Under identical experimental conditions, with 0.4 mM m7G5′ p, translation with partially purified globin mRNA is inhibited 50%; translation with endogenous globin mRNA is inhibited 10%. The inhibition of protein synthesis by m7G5′ p occurs at a step before the first peptide bond formation as evidenced by studies with pactamycin; 0.4 mM m7G5′ p inhibited the first dipeptide synthesis 43% when the partially purified globin mRNA was used whereas 15% inhibition was observed with the endogenous mRNA. The inhibition of m7G5′ p appears to be related to the structural integrity of globin mRNA.
A Digital Computer for Use in an Operational Flight Trainer

The requirements for a digital computer for use in an operational flight trainer are presented with emphasis being placed on the real-time aspects of the problem. The general purpose digital computer is shown to be inadequate for this purpose and a special purpose digital computer is described which meets the requirements.
Study of anharmonic and thermophysical properties of hexahelometallate crystals

Abstract To analyse the anhannonicity in the a2BX6 type hexahelometallate crystals, such as K2SnCl6, K2ReCl6, (NH4)2 SnCl6 and (NH4)2 SnBr6, the third order elastic constants, pressure derivatives of second order elastic constants, Gruneisen parameter and thermal expansion coefficient of these crystals have been calculated using the inter-ionic potential model consisting of long range coulomb and three body interaction, and short range overlap repulsion effective upto the second nearest neighbour ions. The theoretical results have been compared with the experimental values and a fairly good agreement has been obtained.
One‐dimensional thermal modelling of Acadian metamorphism in southern Vermont, USA

One-dimensional thermal (1DT) modelling of an Acadian (Devonian) tectonothermal regime in southern Vermont, USA, used measured metamorphic pressures and temperatures and estimated metamorphic cooling ages based on published thermobarometric and geochronological studies to constrain thermal and tectonic input parameters. The area modelled lies within the Vermont Sequence of the Acadian orogen and includes: (i) a western domain containing garnet-grade pre-Silurian metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks from the eastern flank of an Acadian composite dome structure (Rayponda–Sadawga Dome); and (ii) an eastern domain containing similar, but staurolite- or kyanite-grade, rocks from the western flank of a second dome structure (Athens Dome), approximately 10 km farther east. Using reasonable input parameters based on regional geological, petrological and geochronological constraints, the thermal modelling produced plausible P–T paths, and temperature–time (T –t) and pressure–time (P–t) curves. Information extracted from P–T –t modelling includes values of maximum temperature and pressure on the P–T paths, pressure at maximum temperature, predicted Ar closure ages for hornblende, muscovite and K-feldspar, and integrated exhumation and cooling rates for segments of the cooling history. The results from thermal modelling are consistent with independently obtained pressure, temperature and Ar cooling age data on regional metamorphism in southern Vermont. Modelling results provide some important bounding limits on the physical conditions during regional metamorphism, and indicate that the pressure contemporaneous with the attainment of peak temperature was probably as much as 2.5 kbar lower than the actual maximum pressure experienced by rocks along various particle paths. In addition, differences in peak metamorphic grade (garnet-grade versus staurolite-grade or kyanite-grade) and peak temperature for rocks initially loaded to similar crustal depths, differences in calculated exhumation rates, and differences in 40Ar/39Ar closure ages are likely to have been consequences of variations in the duration of isobaric heating (or ‘crustal residence periods’) and tectonic unroofing rates. Modelling results are consistent with a regional structural model that suggests west to east younging of specific Acadian deformational events, and therefore diachroneity of attainment of peak metamorphic conditions and subsequent 40Ar/39Ar closure during cooling. Modelling is consistent with the proposition that regional variations in timing and peak conditions of metamorphism are the result of the variable depths to which rocks were loaded by an eastward-thickening thrust-nappe pile rooted to the east (New Hampshire Sequence), as well as by diachronous structural processes within the lower plate rocks of the Vermont Sequence.
Texturized navybean protein concentrate as a meat extender in frankfurters.

Abstract Texturized navybean protein concentrate (TNPC) was used as a meat extender with and without nonfat dry milk (NFDM) substitute in the manufacture of frankfurters. In the TNPC/NFDM formula, TNPC was substituted for 10 to 30% of the lean beef; whereas in the TNPC formula, 10 to 30% of the lean beef as well as NFDM were replaced with TNPC. Frankfurters extended with TNPC were characterized by higher processing shrinkage, difficulty in peeling, fat caps and softer textures. Although chemical composition of control and TNPC/NFDM franks were not significantly different, both contained from 0.7 to 1.9% more moisture, 0.6 to 1.4% less protein and 0.5 to 1.5% more fat than TNPC franks. Sensory assessments revealed that TNPC affected color, texture and flavor characteristics to a greater degree than juiciness or greasiness. Although flavor and texture of TNPC/NFDM franks were more acceptable than TNPC franks, neither of these samples was liked as well as control frankfurters. Significant correlations were observed between expressible fluid and juiciness score, peak shear force and tenderness score. On the basis of data generated in this study, TNPC at the lowest level can at best only be tolerated as a meat extender and higher levels are unquestionably undesirable.
Hidden Fermi liquid: The secret of high- T c cuprates

I present a formalism for dealing directly with the effects of the Gutzwiller projection implicit in the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model which is widely believed to underlie the phenomenology of the high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates. I suggest that a true BCS condensation from a Fermi-liquid state takes place but in the unphysical space prior to projection. The theory which results upon projection does not follow conventional rules of diagram theory and in fact in the normal state is a $Z=0$ non-Fermi liquid. Anomalous properties of the ``strange metal'' normal state are predicted and compared to experiments.
Active Tectonics and Alluvial Rivers

Active tectonic processes may affect the use of river resources slowly by tilting or deforming a rivers slope, changing a rivers pattern, or causing the formation of lakes that will affect river navigation and flood control. Deformation during earthquakes may suddenly change a rivers course and gradient. If you have ever wondered how active tectonics may influence the landscape through interactions with rivers, then Active Tectonics and Alluvial Rivers is for you. There are a number of excellent books that deal specifically with rivers, focusing on river processes, but this is the first comprehensive treatment of the role of active tectonics in river form and process. It is a must-read for anyone interested in tectonic geomorphology.
Effects of water motion on propagule release from algae with complex life histories

Reproductive marine algae with complex life histories may respond differently to water motion depending upon whether the spore-producing or gamete-producing phase is considered. Two such species, the kelp Alaria esculenta (L.) Greville (Phaeophyceae) and Ulva lactuca L. (Chlorophyta), were examined experimentally in the laboratory. The kelp was collected in April–June 2000 and U. lactuca was collected in July–August 2000, from four intertidal habitats at Schoodic Point, Maine, USA. Orbital shakers were used to generate water motion. Sporophylls of A. esculenta released more zoospores under shaken versus calm conditions, whereas fewer antheridia on the microscopic male gametophytes released sperm under shaken versus calm conditions when male and female gametophytes were placed together. However, antheridial sperm release was equivalent when male gametophytes were exposed to undiluted media from dense cultures of mature female gametophytes under shaken versus calm conditions. These data suggest that water motion inhibited sperm release by diluting the sperm-releasing pheromone produced by ripe eggs below a threshold required to cause sperm release. Water motion stimulated both gamete and zoospore release from U. lactuca. This is the first report in an alga of stimulation of gamete release by increased water motion, but it is notable that parthenogenesis occurs in Ulva spp.; thus, gametes may develop into gametophytes (1 N) or parthenosporophytes (2 N). This study demonstrates that water motion has strong effects upon algal reproduction, but that the effects may vary between species, possibly due to their different life histories.
A model of global citizenship: Antecedents and outcomes

As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, exposure to global cultures affords individuals opportunities to develop global identities. In two studies, we examine the antecedents and outcomes of identifying with a superordinate identity—global citizen. Global citizenship is defined as awareness, caring, and embracing cultural diversity while promoting social justice and sustainability, coupled with a sense of responsibility to act. Prior theory and research suggest that being aware of one's connection with others in the world (global awareness) and embedded in settings that value global citizenship (normative environment) lead to greater identification with global citizens. Furthermore, theory and research suggest that when global citizen identity is salient, greater identification is related to adherence to the group's content (i.e., prosocial values and behaviors). Results of the present set of studies showed that global awareness (knowledge and interconnectedness with others) and one's normative ...
Chimeric antigen receptor-redirected CD45RA-negative T cells have potent antileukemia and pathogen memory response without graft-versus-host activity.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected cellular therapy is an attractive modality for cancer treatment. We hypothesized that allogeneic CAR-engineered CD45RA-negative T cells can control cancer and infection without the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We used CD19+ MLL-rearranged leukemia as prototype because it is an aggressive and generally drug-resistant malignancy. CD45RA– cells that were transduced with anti-CD19 CAR containing 4-1BB and CD3ζ signaling domains effectively lysed MLL-rearranged leukemia cell lines and primary blasts in vitro. In a disseminated leukemia mouse model, CAR+CD45RA– cells significantly reduced leukemia burdens and prolonged overall survival without GVHD. CAR+ cells were sustainable in blood, and all the treated mice remained leukemia-free even after they were re-challenged with leukemia cells. Despite the transduction process, CD45RA– cells retained recall activity both in vitro and in vivo against human pathogens commonly found in cancer patients. In comparison with CD45RA+ cells, CD45RA– cells showed less allogeneic activity in mixed leukocyte reactions and in mouse models. Thus, the use of CAR+CD45RA– cells can separate GVHD from graft-versus-malignancy effect and infection control. These cells should also be useful in nontransplant settings and may be administered as off-the-shelf third-party cells.
A new comparativism: Reply to the panelists

I am grateful for these thoughtful replies and the questions they pose Readers will immediately see how different are the theoretical frames of the panelists and how this variety of concerns reveals the pluralistic and even territorial character of contemporary theoretical inquiry Hewitt presses political issues about how one handles otherness, Wiebe seeks to locate comparativism in relation to the history of Religionswissenschaft, and Lawson requires expli cation of the theoretical status and relevance of comparative patterns from the point of view of cognitive psychology
Single momentary assessments are not reliable outcomes for clinical trials

Patient reported outcomes (PROs) play an essential role in clinical trials, though questions have been raised about the accuracy of PROs using long recall periods. This paper examines the utility of a PRO employing a single momentary assessment of pain in a sample of community rheumatology patients. We explore the accuracy and reliability of a single assessment versus the average of multiple assessments taken over 1-week, which is considered a common outcome reporting period. A secondary analysis of 128 patients who monitored their pain intensity with momentary data collections several times a day for a week and 3 months later for another week allowed a comparison of randomly-selected single momentary assessments with the average of many assessments from the week. Results from cross-sectional analyses of the first week were that levels of pain measured by single points were not significantly different than the week average in 4 of 5 analyses, but these single-point assessments had much higher variance. Correlations of single-point and week averages were below 0.70. Longitudinal analysis of change scores across 3 months also demonstrated considerable unreliability of single-point measures, thus the statistical power generated by single-point assessments was considerably less than the more reliable week average. Our conclusion is that single momentary assessments, at least for representing an outcome over a period of a week, are not ideal measures. We discuss alternative measurement strategies for efficiently collecting PRO data for a 1-week period using end-of-day diaries or 7-day recall measures.
Women's Unemployment Patterns in Postwar Business Cycles: Class Difference, The Gender Segregation of Work and Deindustrialization

This paper argues that the gender difference in unemployment rates over postwar business cycles and the changes in that differential in the 1980s (women's unemployment rates dropping below men's rates during the recession) can be explained by the continuing gender segregation of work and deindustrialization. My version of the segmentation hypothesis finds empirical support in the average pattern of men's and women's total unemployment rates, in the gender unemployment rate patterns for major occupational groups and in the fact that working-class women's unemployment rates have dropped below working-class men's rates during most postwar recessions. In addition, econometric analysis shows a tight fit between the gender differential in unemployment rates and deindustrialization, a variable whose explanatory power is rooted in the gender segregation of work. The final section of the paper assesses the implications of my findings for the other two major explanations of the effect of recessions on women: the bu...
A potential DSD retrieval process for dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) on board GPM

Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) is poised to be the next generation precipitation monitoring system from space after the Tropical rainfall measurement (TRMM) mission. The GPM mission is centered on the deployment of a core observatory satellite with an active dual-frequency radar DPR, operating at Ku- and Ka- band. Two independent observations from DPR provide the possibility to retrieve two independent parameters from gamma drop size distribution (DSD), namely median volume diameter ( D 0 ) and scaled intercept (N W ), at each resolution volume. Dual-frequency method proposed for the DPR radar can be formulated in terms of integral equations and the two DSD parameters D 0 and N W can be estimated at each bin based on the assumed microphysical models of hydrometeors. One known error in the dual frequency retrievals is the dual-valued problem when retrieving D 0 from DFR for rain. Rose and Chandrasekar (2006)[1], remedied the bi-valued problem by assuming a linear model with height for D 0 as well as N W (in log scale) in rain. The algorithm with the linear assumption was evaluated by Le et al. (2009) [2] based on the whole vertical profile including rain, melting ice, and ice region through a hybrid method. The hybrid method combines forward retrieval by Meneghini et al (1997) [3] in frozen and melting region and the linear assumption in rain region. The retrieval process uses recursive procedure to optimize DSD parameters at the bottom of rain by constructing the cost function along the vertical profile. This retrieval algorithm is applied to tropical storm Earl, a category 4 hurricane captured by APR-2 precipitation radar during the Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) campaign in 2010.
The in vitro hippocampal slice preparation as a screen for neurotoxicity

Abstract One of the current goals of neurotoxicology research is to develop methods of assessing the neurotoxicity of chemical agents in the most sensitive, rapid and economical ways possible. Although no single method is likely to fulfil the role of a general screen for toxicity of all organ systems, in vitro brain-slice methods may hold the key to increased sensitivity in screening within the more restricted domain of central nervous system toxicity. The hippocampal brain-slice preparation is particularly well suited for screening purposes because the neurophysiology of the hippocampal slice is relatively well understood and generally matches what is known about the intact hippocampus. Potential practical advantages of a hippocampal slice screen include the fact that multiple tests of a variety of neuronal properties can be carried out using a single slice, many comparable slice ‘samples’ may be obtained from each animal donor, and testing should be easily automated. In addition, the hippocampal slice assay may have important practical and conceptual advantages over other assay methods because of the putative importance of the hippocampus to a variety of behaviours. Thus the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation as a screen for neurotoxicity offers the advantages of in vitro methods while allowing guarded, but relatively direct extrapolation to dysfunction of learning, memory and other behavioural processes.
Radio-Frequency Autotransformers with Coaxial-Transmission-Line Windings

This paper describes a high-gain phase-sensitive magnetic amplifier which simultaneously possesses the high-gain property of the self-saturating (100 percent positive feedback) amplifiers and the limited circulating current property of the low-gain zero feedback amplifiers. These features are obtained by using feedback windings to obtain the self-saturating large-gain property. However, the feedback windings are arranged so that the feedback is positive only when load current flows and is zero when circulating currents flow. The circuit is analyzed and its various modes of operation are described. The theory is verified with numerous experimental results.
Repeat Heart–Lung Transplantation Outcome in the United States

Objectives This study compared risk-adjusted survival between primary and repeat heart–lung transplantation. Methods Data for 799 primary heart–lung and 19 repeat heart–lung transplants were extracted from the United Network Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Analyses were based on propensity score matching in which 1, 2, and 3 primary transplant patients were matched with 19 repeat transplant patients. The matching variables were sex of recipient and donor, ethnicity, race, age of recipient and donor, cytomegalovirus status, ABO match, human leukocyte antigen mismatch, medical condition (hospitalized), ventilator, employment status, functional status, UNOS transplant status, and ischemic time. Results Propensity score matching revealed incomplete overlap of covariate distributions between primary and repeat transplant patients. The 19 repeat heart–lung transplant patients were more severely impaired at the time of transplant, and 4 did not have an adequate primary transplant match. For 15 repeat transplant patients, survival time was not significantly different from matched primary transplant controls. For repeat transplant patients, being Hispanic, having longer ischemic time, poor functional status (needing assistance), being hospitalized, and requiring ventilator support were all associated with decreased survival time; however, only being on a ventilator was statistically significant. By contrast, being female, and younger were associated with increased survival, but were not statistically significant. Conclusions When matched for a set of potential confounding variables, no difference in survival benefit was observed between primary and repeat heart–lung transplant patients. The only predictor significantly associated with decreased survival time among repeat transplant patients was being on a ventilator.
Characterization of apolipoprotein A-I- and A-II-containing lipoproteins in a new case of high density lipoprotein deficiency resembling Tangier disease and their effects on intracellular cholesterol efflux.

A 48-yr-old Caucasian female of central European origin (subject IM) with low plasma cholesterol and normal plasma triglyceride (TG) had extremely low apo A-I (6 mg/dl), A-II (5 mg/dl), and HDL cholesterol (2 mg/dl) levels. She had most of the clinical symptoms typically associated with Tangier disease, including early corneal opacities, yellow-streaked tonsils, hepatomegaly, and variable degrees of peripheral neuropathy, but had no splenomegaly. She had a myocardial infarction at age 46. Since HDL are postulated to be involved in the transport of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver for degradation, and the ability of an HDL particle to promote cellular cholesterol efflux appears to be related to its density, size, and apo A-I and A-II contents, we isolated and characterized the HDL particles of this patient and all her first degree relatives (mother, a brother, and two children). The plasma A-I, A-II, and HDL cholesterol levels of all five relatives were either normal or high. Using anti-A-I and anti-A-II immunosorbents, we found three populations of particles in IM: one contained both apo A-I and A-II, Lp(AI w AII); one contained apo A-I but no A-II, Lp(AI w/o AII); and the third (an unusual one) contained apo A-II but no A-I, Lp(AII). Two-thirds of her plasma A-I and A-II existed in separate HDL particles, i.e., in Lp(AI w/o AII) and Lp(AII), respectively. Only Lp(AI w AII) and Lp(AI w/o AII) were present in the plasma of the relatives. All three populations of the patient's HDL particles had a normal core/surface lipid ratio, but the cores were enriched with TG. The apo A-I-containing particles, however, were considerably smaller and contained much less lipid than Lp(AII). Despite these unusual physicochemical characteristics, the apo A-I-containing particles and Lp(AII) were effective suppressors of intracellular cholesterol esterification in cholesterol-loaded human skin fibroblast. The patient's plasma apo D and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase levels were reduced, with an increased proportion located in non-HDL plasma fractions. These findings are discussed in light of Tangier disease and other known HDL-deficiency cases, and the role of HDL in the maintenance of cell cholesterol homeostasis.