cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and subcellular distribution of heparan sulfate in the rat exocrine pancreas

Abstract Tissue fragments and isolated acinar cells from adult rat pancreas rapidly incorporated inorganic 35SO42− into macromolecules. Secretion of labeled macromolecules could be stimulated by the secretagogue carbamylcholine chloride. The principal sulfated product synthesized by isolated acinar cells was purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography and was identified as heparan sulfate by digestion with purified heparitinase and by deaminative cleavage with nitrous acid. The results of subcellular fractionation of pancreas tissue labeled in vitro with 35SO42− showed that sulfate-containing macromolecules were present both in soluble fractions and as tightly bound membrane components. Zymogen granules contained 14% of the total radioactivity incorporated; zymogen granule membranes, 3%; the soluble zymogen granule contents, 7%; microsomes, 30%; mitochondria, 14%; and the postmicrosomal supernate, 25%. Purified 35SO42−-labeled zymogen granule membranes had the highest specific radioactivity of any fraction examined. Degradative analysis with nitrous acid indicated that the major sulfated product present in all of the subcellular fractions was heparan sulfate.
Managing knowledge in industrial markets: New dimensions and challenges

Abstract Managing knowledge in industrial markets has become an increasingly important task in the last 10 years. Many industrial firms paid little attention to the topic, since it was felt that knowledge was easily handled internally and was a simple process. The growth of information technology that centered on the collection, analysis and dissemination of information during the 1990's and early 2000's has necessitated that managing knowledge be taken seriously by industrial marketing managers. By doing so industrial firms can make available increased knowledge content in the development and provision of products and services to industrial marketing managers on all levels of the firm, achieve shorter new product development cycles, and facilitate and manage organizational innovation and learning. This article outlines the new dimensions in knowledge management in industrial marketing that are important for industrial managers, academic researchers, and business firms to understand for the future.
Determining the effect of immunosuppressant adherence on graft failure risk among renal transplant recipients.

The objective was to use the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) to quantify the relationship between immunosuppressant therapy (IST) adherence and risk of graft failure among adult renal transplant recipients (RTRs). A secondary objective was to examine the relationship among select patient characteristics and IST adherence. The study sample included adult RTRs who: received primary transplant between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2005; experienced graft survival for at least 12 months post-transplant and had at least 12 months of data in the USRDS; utilized Medicare coverage for IST; and were prescribed cyclosporine or tacrolimus. IST adherence was measured by medication possession ratio (MPR). Pearson chi-square tests were used to examine associations between patient characteristics and MPR quartiles. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess relationships among time to graft failure, MPR, and patient characteristics. Thirty-one thousand nine hundred and thirteen RTRs met inclusion criteria. Older age, female gender, white race, deceased donors, and tacrolimus were associated with greater adherence (p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard modeling indicated greater adherence, white race, and having a living donor were significantly associated with longer graft survival (p < 0.05). Future prospective studies should further examine the clinical significance of IST nonadherence as it relates to graft failure.
Sparse coding of auditory features for machine hearing in interference

A key problem in using the output of an auditory model as the input to a machine-learning system in a machine-hearing application is to find a good feature-extraction layer. For systems such as PAMIR (passive-aggressive model for image retrieval) that work well with a large sparse feature vector, a conversion from auditory images to sparse features is needed. For audio-file ranking and retrieval from text queries, based on stabilized auditory images, we took a multi-scale approach, using vector quantization to choose one sparse feature in each of many overlapping regions of different scales, with the hope that in some regions the features for a sound would be stable even when other interfering sounds were present and affecting other regions. We recently extended our testing of this approach using sound mixtures, and found that the sparse-coded auditory-image features degrade less in interference than vector-quantized MFCC sparse features do. This initial success suggests that our hope of robustness in interference may indeed be realizable, via the general idea of sparse features that are localized in a domain where signal components tend to be localized or stable.
Direct measurement of the amplitude and the phase of photorefractive fields in KNbO 3 :Ta and BaTiO 3

Real-time direct measurement of the amplitude and the phase of photorefractive fields is performed for all stages of photorefractive grating formation including saturation. The photorefractive processes in tantalum-doped potassium niobate and nominally pure barium titanate crystals are investigated as a function of the grating spacing. The diffusion and photovoltaic transport lengths, the Debye screening length, and the net trap concentration are determined. Independent direct measurement of the photorefractive phase permits a more accurate and reliable comparison between experimental results and existing models. The measurement technique involves the diffraction of an amplitude-modulated laser beam by an acousto-optic Bragg cell operating with the same laser modulation frequency. The photorefractive gratings are formed by the interference of the transmitted and diffracted components of the beam. This nondestructive measurement technique produces excellent sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. The heterodyne detection scheme results in a dynamic range of 50-dB and a phase measurement accuracy of 2°.
Current and Emerging Statistical Trends in Engineering Education

Data for enrollment, degrees, number of faculty and research funding for US colleges of engineering since 1965 are presented. These data: faculty loads (enrollment and degrees per faculty member), research funding (total and per faculty member) and funding per graduate degree (MS and PhD) are analyzed to define the trends over the past quarter century. BS degrees appear to have ceased their decline and may begin to increase; MS degrees continue to grow modestly; PhD degrees continue to grow rapidly and, based on current enrollment trends, should maintain this pace at least through the next half decade. Faculty loads are anticipated to increase. In spite of significant annual increases in research funding over the past two decades, graduate enrollments have increased to the point that constant dollar annual funding per graduate degree (both MS and PhD) has reached a maximum and may have begun to decrease. An analysis of the undergraduate and graduate degrees awarded by the largest engineering colleges indicates a.) little turnover in the colleges in this group, b.) the major graduate colleges award a significant number of BS degrees and c.) the major undergraduate colleges include most of the major graduate colleges.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the vulva treated using mohs micrographic surgery

First described by Darier and Ferrand in 1924,1 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade sarcoma with a tendency for recurrence. The overall annual incidence is 4.2 per million, or 0.1% of all cancers.2 It tends to affect young to middle-aged adults and occurs more often in blacks
Physical-Aware Memory BIST Datapath Synthesis: Architecture and Case-Studies on Complex SoCs

With increasing scaling, it is common to find large SoCs with more than 40M bits of embedded SRAMs constituting more than 75% of total die area [1]. Physical design for such complex SoCs with high speed memories pose numerous challenges for both functional and memory BIST logic. In this paper, we focus on generating physical aware correct-by-constuct memory BIST data path for first pass physical design closure.
Intermittent vs Continuous Administration of Nerve Growth Factor to Injured Medial Septal Cholinergic Neurons in Rat Basal Forebrain.

Many medial septal neurons of the basal forebrain are dependent on nerve growth factor (NGF) from the hippocampus for survival and maintenance of a cholinergic phenotype. When deprived of their source of NGF by axotomy, medial septal neuronal cell bodies atrophy and lose their cholinergic markers. This is similar to what is observed in the basal forebrain during Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, medial septal neurons were axotomized in female rats by way of a fimbria/fornix lesion. For fourteen days following axotomy, varying NGF doses (1 - 250 μg/ml) were administered to the lateral cerebral ventricle with either mini-osmotic infusion or daily injection. The responsiveness of medial septal neurons was evaluated with choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry. Within the mini-osmotic pumps, NGF activity diminished greatly during the first five days of implantation, but increased dramatically in the CSF after five days of infusion. The responsiveness of medial septal neurons to NGF was dose dependent and the ED50 for NGF injection was determined to be 14.08 μg/ml compared to 27.60 μg/ml for NGF infusion. Intermittent injections at varying intervals were evaluated with 30 μg/ml NGF over a fourteen-day time period (2, 3, 6, or 12 injections). No differences occurred in the number of choline acetyltransferase neurons from rats that received weekly injections to those that received daily injections of NGF. NGF administration has been suggested as a therapy for AD. The results of these studies continue to highlight the need for NGF stability within the delivery system and AD patient CSF, the choice of delivery system, frequency of administration, and the NGF dose for maintaining basal forebrain cholinergic neurons during AD.
Outcomes of Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) in African-American (AA) Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM)

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S127eS146 S139 The aim of our study was to review toxicities related to the continuation of cART during chemotherapy in HIV-infected patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplants (ASCT) for haematological malignancies. This was a retrospective study, which included HIVinfected patients who were on cART and underwent ASCT for a haematological malignancy from January 1st 2003 to December 31st 2013 at a single institution. We reviewed adverse effects related to the use cART during conditioning chemotherapy. A total of 11 patients were included, n1⁄41 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), n1⁄44 multiple myeloma (MM), n1⁄44 Burkitt lymphoma, n1⁄41 plasmablastic lymphoma, n1⁄41 primary effusion lymphoma and n1⁄41 Hodgkin lymphoma. Of the 11 patients, 6 (54%) were on non-Protease inhibitor (PI) and 5 (56%) were on PI based cART during their transplant. NoTRM were observed; all patients continued cART during conditioning chemotherapy. 6 Patients relapsed, 2 were salvaged by allogeneic HSCT, and 2 MM patients were given salvage treatment. There were 5 non-treatment related deaths, n1⁄41 developed secondary malignancy, n1⁄41 relapsed AML, n1⁄42 relapsed MM and one patient died due to zidovudine induced lactic acidosis 10 months post ASCT. Overall survival from ranged from 1-8 yrs. This case series demonstrated that concomitant use of cART during conditioning chemotherapy for patients undergoing ASCT does not adversely affect treatment outcomes. Therefore, we recommend continuing cART during ASCT. However, we recommend avoiding zidovudine during conditioning chemotherapy due to high risk of myelosuppression. Figure 1. Progression free in survival among Caucasian patients compared to African American patients during the 24-month follow-up period (Log Rank1⁄4
Examining Elemental Surface Enrichment in Ultrafine Aerosol Particles Using Analytical Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

The surface structure and chemistry of ultrafine aerosol particles (typically particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter) play key roles in determining physical and chemical behavior, and is relevant to fields as diverse as nanotechnology and aerosol toxicity. Analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is one of the few analytical methods available that is potentially capable of characterizing ultrafine particles at subnanometer resolution. We propose a method that enables STEM to characterize and quantify elemental surface enrichment within radially symmetrical particles at a spatial resolution of less than 1 nm when used in conjunction with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Although the method relies on a number of assumptions for complete particle characterization, estimation of the depth of an outer layer of elemental enrichment should be possible with relatively few assumptions. A preliminary investigation of the method has been c...
ONTRAC: A system for efficient ONline TRACing for debugging

Dynamic slicing is a promising trace based technique that helps programmers in the process of debugging. In order to debug a failed run, dynamic slicing requires the dynamic dependence graph (DDG) information for that particular run. In prior work, address and control-flow traces are collected online and then extensively post-processed offline to yield the DDG, upon which slicing is performed. Unfortunately, the offline post-processing step can be extremely time consuming [21], impeding the use of dynamic slicing as a debugging technique. In this paper, we present ONTRAC, an efficient online tracing system, that directly computes the dynamic dependences online, thus eliminating the expensive offline postprocessing step. To minimize the program slowdown, we make the design decision of not outputting the computed dependences to a file, instead storing them in memory in a specially allocated fixed size circular buffer. The size of the buffer limits the length of the execution history that can be stored. To maximize the execution history that can be maintained, we introduce optimizations to eliminate the storage of most of the generated dependences, at the same time ensuring that those that are stored are sufficient to capture the bug. Our experiments conducted with real bugs confirm the above fact. Other experiments conducted on cpu-intensive programs show that our optimizations are able to reduce the trace-rate from 16 bytes to 0.8 bytes per executed instruction. This enables us to store the dependence trace history for a window of 20 million executed instructions in a 16 MB buffer. ONTRAC is also very efficient, only slowing down the execution by a factor of 19, eliminating the slowdown by a factor of 540 due to post-processing.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Induces Survival and Growth of Biologically Early Melanoma Cells through Both the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and β-Catenin Pathways

Melanoma cells produce growth factors for autocrine growth control and for stimulating fibroblasts and endothelial cells in the tumor stroma. Activated stromal fibroblasts can in turn secrete growth factors that support tumor growth. We studied this feedback from fibroblasts to melanoma cells by overexpressing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) with an adenoviral vector. Melanoma cells do not produce IGF-1. IGF-1 enhanced survival, migration, and growth of cells from biologically early lesions, but not from biologically late primary or metastatic lesions. Early melanoma cells were activated by IGF-1 to phosphorylate Erk1 and -2 of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. IGF-1 also activated Akt, inhibited its down-stream effector GSK3-beta, and stabilized beta-catenin. Late primary and metastatic melanoma cells did not respond to growth stimulation by IGF-1 because of a constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and a higher level of stabilized beta-catenin. These studies demonstrate that fibroblast-derived growth factors from the tumor environment can provide the malignant cells with a positive feedback through multiple mechanisms but that this stimulation is required only for cells from early and not late stages of tumor progression.
Assessing the Surgical Decision Making Abilities of Novice and Proficient Urologists

Purpose: We examined whether the Surgical Decision Making Rating Scale can measure a difference in surgical judgment among urologists at various levels of training.Materials and Methods: A total of 25 medical students, urology residents and staff urologists viewed clips from 8 select urological procedures and verbalized their thought processes. The clips were ordered in increasing complexity from lower level tasks (catheterization and cystoscopy) to more advanced procedures (laser lithotripsy, and open and laparoscopic prostatectomy and nephrectomy). Performance was transcribed and blindly rated using the previously validated rating scale. Subjects were also asked to self-evaluate their performance using this scale.Results: Overall the rating scale distinguished the training level across knowledge domains (anatomy and management of the current task) and judgment domains (avoiding complications, higher reasoning and immediate surgical planning). The mean score across all training levels was 112 of 200 (ran...
RNA-stabilizing proteins as molecular targets in cardiovascular pathologies

The stability of mRNA has emerged as a key step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and function. RNA stabilizing proteins (RSPs) contain several RNA recognition motifs, and selectively bind to adenylate-uridylate-rich elements in the 3' untranslated region of several mRNAs leading to altered processing, stability, and translation. These post-transcriptional gene regulations play a critical role in cellular homeostasis; therefore act as molecular switch between 'normal cell' and 'disease state.' Many mRNA binding proteins have been discovered to date, which either stabilize (HuR/HuA, HuB, HuC, HuD) or destabilize (AUF1, tristetraprolin, KSRP) the target transcripts. Although the function of RSPs has been widely studied in cancer biology, its role in cardiovascular pathologies is only beginning to evolve. The current review provides an overall understanding of the potential role of RSPs, specifically HuR-mediated mRNA stability in myocardial infarction, hypertension and hypertrophy. Also, the effect of RSPs on various cellular processes including inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, cell-death, and proliferation and its relevance to cardiovascular pathophysiological processes is presented. We also discuss the potential clinical implications of RSPs as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases.
Collaborative genome-wide association studies of diverse diseases: programs of the NHGRI's office of population genomics.

In the past 3 years, genome-wide association (GWA) studies have revolutionized the discovery of genetic variants associated with complex diseases. These studies present unique challenges in their conduct; particularly in the need for meticulous quality control of genotyping and for sample sizes large enough to withstand the severe penalty for multiple comparisons necessitated by testing hundreds of thousands of SNPs. They also present unique opportunities in the unprecedented detail with which they characterize an individual’s genome and the potential for relating that information to any trait consistent with that person’s informed consent. Such data exceed the abilities of any single group of investigators to mine them fully and by NIH policy are distributed to qualified investigators agreeing to specified terms of use. This report describes collaborative programs of the National Human Genome Research Institute’s Office of Population Genomics for facilitating collection, analysis, interpretation, and dis...
A generalization of a graph result of D. W. Hall

Abstract D.W. Hall proved that every simple 3-connected graph with a K 5 -minor must have a K 3.3 -minor, the only exception being K 5 itself. In this paper, we prove that every 3-connected binary matroid with an M ( K 5 )-minor must have an M ( K 3.3 )- or M *( K 3.3 )-minor, the only exceptions being M ( K 5 ), a highly symmetric 12-element matroid which we call T 12 , and any single-element contraction of T 12 .
Do disputes over priority tell us anything about science

Conflicts between scientists over credit for their discoveries are conflicts, not merely in, but of science because discovery is not a historical event, but a retrospective social judgment. There is no objective moment of discovery; rather, discovery is established by means of a hermeneutics, a way of reading scientific articles. The priority conflict between Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally over the discovery of the brain hormone, TRF, serves as an example. The work of Robert Merton, Thomas Kuhn, Augustine Brannigan, and Grygory Markus shows that scientists read scientific articles by means of the application of a set of pragmatic rules that subtend the normative requirements of what counts as a scientific discovery. In other words, there is a hermeneutics of science, but it is internal to that form of life. Recategorization of priority conflicts has an impact on our view of scientific controversy generally. The impact is the revision of the boundary lines of scientific controversy and the further specification of its fine-structure.
An experimental multi-Gb/s WDM broadband network

STARNET is an optical broadband network architecture based on a physical passive star topology. Over a single physical network, STARNET offers all users both a moderate-speed packet switched subnetwork and a high-speed wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) circuit switched subnetwork. Based on these two data transport facilities, several topological and protocol solutions are available to the users. As a result, STARNET supports traffic of widely different speed and continuity characteristics. An ongoing experimental effort aimed at the realization of a STARNET prototype at the Optical Communication Research Laboratory of Stanford University is described. The prototype nodes are fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) and synchronous optical network (SONET) OC-48 data rate compatible. >
A fully automatic segmentation method for breast ultrasound images

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death of women worldwide. Accurate lesion boundary detection is important for breast cancer diagnosis. Since many crucial features for discriminating benign and malignant lesions are based on the contour, shape, and texture of the lesion, an accurate segmentation method is essential for a successful diagnosis. Ultrasound is an effective screening tool and primarily useful for differentiating benign and malignant lesions. However, due to inherent speckle noise and low contrast of breast ultrasound imaging, automatic lesion segmentation is still a challenging task. This research focuses on developing a novel, effective, and fully automatic lesion segmentation method for breast ultrasound images. By incorporating empirical domain knowledge of breast structure, a region of interest is generated. Then, a novel enhancement algorithm (using a novel phase feature) and a newly developed neutrosophic clustering method are developed to detect the precise lesion boundary. Neutrosophy is a recently introduced branch of philosophy that deals with paradoxes, contradictions, antitheses, and antinomies. When neutrosophy is used to segment images with vague boundaries, its unique ability to deal with uncertainty is brought to bear. In this work, we apply neutrosophy to breast ultrasound image segmentation and propose a new clustering method named neutrosophic l-means. We compare the proposed method with traditional fuzzy c-means clustering and three other well-developed segmentation methods for breast ultrasound images, using the same database. Both accuracy and time complexity are analyzed. The proposed method achieves the best accuracy (TP rate is 94.36%, FP rate is 8.08%, and similarity rate is 87.39%) with a fairly rapid processing speed (about 20 seconds). Sensitivity analysis shows the robustness of the proposed method as well. Cases with multiple-lesions and severe shadowing effect (shadow areas having similar intensity values of the lesion and tightly connected with the lesion) are not included in this study.
Steels of optimal chemical composition combined with intensive quenching

Manufacturing steels of optimal chemical composition, combined with intensive quenching, is an important step to save essential energy and make the environment cleaner. Historically, alloy and high alloy steels are hardened in oils or high concentration polymers to prevent crack formation during quenching. However, very slow cooling in oils requires more alloy elements to provide the needed surface hardness and hardenability. To extract expensive alloy elements from the ore one needs additional energy, plus, metallurgical processes are harmful to the environment. In this paper an idea on manufacturing and use steels of optimal chemical composition is discussed. Such steels produce an optimal hardened layer and optimal residual stress distribution in machine components after intensive quenching. Compressive residual stresses and high cooling rate within the martensite range result in additional strengthening of material. Both high compressive residual stresses at the surface of steel parts and additional s...
Effects of Feeding Restaurant Grease With or Without Conjugated Linoleic Acid or Phase-Integrated Beef Tallow on Finishing Pig Growth Characteristics and Carcass Fat Quality

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and tallow on belly firmness in 120 gilt finishing pigs. Pigs were assigned to 1 of 5 treatment combinations and fed 30 d prior to slaughter. Treatments were as follows: control, a 5% restaurant grease for 30 d (RG30); 5% restaurant grease for 0 to 20 d and switched to CLA (0.83%) and restaurant grease (4.17%) combination for 20 to 30 d (RGCLA); 5% restaurant grease for 0 to 20 d and switched to a 5% tallow for 20 to 30 d (Tallow10); 5% restaurant grease for 0 to 10 d and switched to a 5% tallow for final 20 d (Tallow20); and 5% tallow for 0 to 30 d (Tallow30). No changes occurred in drip loss, pH, loin eye color, or size, and no difference occurred in growth parameters, except for ADG between 20 to 29 d, where pigs allotted to Tallow20 and Tallow30 had greater (P
Use of Local Anesthesia for Arterial Punctures

Background Except for intravenous therapy, arterial access is the most common invasive procedure performed on critically ill patients. Arterial puncture is a source of pain and discomfort. Intradermal injection of lidocaine around the puncture site decreases the incidence and severity of localized pain when used before arterial puncture. Objective To review the recommendations and studies related to the use of intradermal lidocaine to decrease pain during arterial punctures. Methods Articles were identified by doing a systematic computerized search of MEDLINE (1980 to January 2006) to evaluate articles and reference lists of articles and a manual search of the references listed in original and review articles. English-language articles that evaluated any aspect of pain related to arterial puncture and cannulation, pain related to and methods of introducing lidocaine subcutaneously, and perceptions and use of local anesthesia for arterial or intravenous punctures were reviewed. Results Except among anesthesia providers, the use of a local anesthetic before arterial puncture is not universal, contrary to the standard of practice. A number of false perceptions may prevent wider use of such anesthetics. Conclusion Before a plan for behavior modification or policy change is recommended for use of local anesthesia to decrease pain associated with arterial puncture, further research must be done to determine nurses' perceptions of use, actual practice, and currently established local policies.
WHY DON'T AFRICAN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES EXPORT MORE? THE ROLE OF TRADE POLICY, INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY AND ENTERPRISE CHARACTERISTICS.

There has been much concern about Africa's recent export performance. Africa's share of world exports has declined and most countries are highly dependent upon a narrow range of primary commodities for export earnings. This article looks at factors that affect the export performance of manufacturing enterprises in eight African countries. In addition to enterprise characteristics (e.g., size, ownership and education of the manager), policy-related variables also affect export performance. Manufacturing enterprises are less likely to export in countries with restrictive trade and customs regulation and poor customs administration. The quality of domestic transportation infrastructure also appears to affect export performance, although the coefficient on this variable is statistically insignificant.
Carotid artery dissection-related intracranial aneurysm development: case report.

Background and importance We analyzed the physiopathology of the association between cervical artery dissections (CADs), intracranial aneurysms (IAs), and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical presentation A 43-year-old woman presented with diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage (Fisher 3; Hunt-Hess 1). computed tomography angiography revealed a cervical internal carotid artery dissection and 2 IAs: right paraclinoid and right posterior communicating artery. The patient underwent surgical clipping of the 2 aneurysms. CAD was managed conservatively. Postoperative course was initially uneventful. After 24 hours, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) documented the exclusion of the aneurysms and an improvement of the CAD. After 3 days, the patient's neurological condition suddenly worsened; CT scan documented a subarachnoid rebleeding (Hunt-Hess 4) and DSA revealed the recurrence of CAD and a new right internal carotid artery aneurysm. The patient underwent clipping of the new aneurysm and decompressive craniectomy because of severe brain swelling. Postoperative neurological conditions remained poor. DSA showed the exclusion of the aneurysms and improvement of CAD. Three days later, CT scan performed after a sudden raise in intracranial pressure documented a wide intracerebral hematoma. Computed tomography angiography did not show new vascular malformations. Surgical removal of the hematoma was performed, but poor neurological conditions persisted. Conclusion CAD-related hemodynamic changes may play a role in the development of IAs. The presence of IAs must be screened carefully in case of CAD, because the dynamic behavior of CAD definitively increases the risk of IA formation, enlargement, and rupture.
When the rubber meets the road: dealing with a returning traveler from West Africa during the Ebola outbreak of 2014.

Ebola virus is a single-stranded RNA-enveloped virus that has caused more than 20 outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa.1 This virus and Marburg virus (both filoviruses), as well as Lassa and Machupo viruses (both arenaviruses), are considered category A bioterrorism agents under the label of hemorrhagic fever viruses.2 Even though Ebola virus was discovered in 1976, it was not until August 2014 that American media started paying attention because two Ebola-infected health care professionals were brought for treatment to the United States. The attention given to the patients who came to the United States and the extensive spread of the current outbreak bring to the forefront the fact that a patient with Ebola is a flight away from being anywhere in the world. The diagnosis was known for the Americans who came to the United States, the Spanish priest who succumbed to the disease in Spain, and a health care worker who traveled for care in the United Kingdom. However, the question arises on how to determine whether someone has been infected with Ebola when he or she has traveled to countries where the outbreak is occurring and develops a fever upon returning to the United States—in other words, those for whom a diagnosis will need to be done in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides guidelines regarding who is at high risk for the infection from the epidemiologic and clinical perspective, infection control for viral hemorrhagic fevers, and how to send specimens for Ebola virus testing, which is available within the United States only at state health departments and the CDC.3 However, anxiety has increased with the media attention, so there may be different expectations from patients who have traveled to the epidemic area and clinicians taking care of them. …
Design and Implementation of Safe Access System for Electric Mobile Operation Based on PDA

An in-depth analysis is made of the possible hidden risks to the traditional access system for electric power mobile operation based on the personal digital assistant(PDA).A safer access system for electric power mobile operation based on PDA is then designed and implemented,with its architecture and components thoroughly analyzed.Capable of such functions as certificate verification of both the PDA and the safe access system,data transmission security,safe access control,network separating and data filtering,real-time monitoring and audit,etc,this system can effectively promote the security and protection of electric power mobile operation.
Simultaneous Detection of Aflatoxin B_1、B_2、G_1、G_2 in Fried Foods By Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

Objective To establish a rapid,sensitive and simple method for the determination of aflatoxin B1、B2、G1、G2 in fried foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC).Methods Sample was extracted with 84% acetonitrile and cleaned-up with the MFC.The purified solution was concentrated and evaporated to dryness.Aflatoxins were derivatized with TFA and detected and quantitated by UPLC with fluorescence detection.Results The four afltoxins could be separated in 5 minutes.The linear range of the method is 0.10~100.00μg/L for aflatoxin B1,G1,and 0.05~50.00μg/L for aflatox B2,G2,and the lowest detection limit was 0.04μg/kg for aflatoxin B1、G1 and 0.02μg/kg for B2,G2.The method has been successfully applied to determination of fried foods.The recoveries of aflatoxins was in the range of 82.0%~101.2% and the relative standard deviation was 5%,The correlation coefficient was ≥0.999.Conclusion This method is simple,high sensitive,accurate and rapid for aflatoxin B1、B2、G1、G2 detection in fried foods.
Introducing CFD and Wind Tunnel Testing in an Undergraduate Fluid Mechanics Course

CFD is following the trend of CAD and FEA to undergraduate education especially with recent advances in commercial codes. It will soon take its place as an expected skill for new engineering graduates. CFD was added as a component to an experiment in a junior level fluid mechanics course. The objectives were to introduce CFD, as an analysis tool, to the students and to support the theoretical concepts of the course. The students were asked to complete an experimental two-dimensional study for a wing in a wind tunnel, to use CFD to simulate the flow, and to predict the aerodynamic lift using CFD as well as the experimentally obtained pressure distribution. In addition, they had to compare their results to published data for the studied wing.Details of the course, the wind tunnel test and the CFD simulations are presented. Samples from the students’ work are used in the discussion. The lab activities were successfully completed by the students and the learning objectives were well addressed. One of the valuable outcomes from this lab was the opportunity for the students to integrate multiple fluid mechanics analysis tools and learn about the limits for each tool. CFD also enhanced the learning in the lab activities and increased students’ interest in the subject.© 2014 ASME
Evaluation of frequency selectivity from psychoacoustic tuning curves

Psychoacoustic tuning curves (PTC) can be regarded as filter curves, whereas their forms represent hair cell activity. Different influences--for example, noise, toxins, pharmacological causes and age--can change the PTC as a consequence of changed frequency selectivity without indication of deterioration in the audiogram. The objective of this investigation was to determine the visually perceivable change in the PTC as a quantifiable result. In so doing, the PTC was transformed into a hyperbola characterized by a parameter Q5. An example demonstrates the temporal change of Q5 under the influence of pharmacological drugs.
ADVICE TO BEGINNING SPEAKERS

Public speaking is a necessity of professional life. But what do you do if, like many others, you are basically a shy person? Here is some advice on how to give talks that won't wreck your career or humiliate your thesis adviser. If you plan an academic career, It is highly likely that before you receive your degree, you'll be asked to give a talk on your research - possibly at a national congress, or maybe just to your department. And once you finally graduate, you'll undoubtedly find yourself standing behind a podium. Whatever the situation, it is going to matter that your presentation be well received and that your audience depart with a favourable impression.
Recognizing potential barriers to setting and achieving effective rehabilitation goals for patients with persistent pain

Although the process of goal setting in rehabilitation of individuals with persistent pain is considered a fundamental and requisite skill, it is frequently reported as a challenging element of clinical practice. Factors which may contribute to the complexity of goal setting include the potential for unrecognized shifts in cognitive function, psychological comorbidities, and the social context of both providers and patients. This review aims to describe factors which may confound the process of setting and achieving collaborative rehabilitation goals using a biopsychosocial framework and to provide recommendations to enhance goal setting effectiveness.
The use of angular momentum in the study of long-jump take-offs

It is well known that most competitive long jumps are executed in such a way that the body has a tendency to rotate in a forward direction during the flight phase. This fact has been observed many times, and texts on the subject clearly note that the rotation is caused by angular momentum developed during the take-off phase (Dyson, 1963). In a recent study of the flight phase that used a computer simulation, it was shown that each of the three common styles of long jumping—“hitch kick,” “hang,” and “sail”—require significantly different magnitudes of angular momentum to produce equally successful performances (Ramey, 1974). This latter result indicates that the angular momentum required for the success of one style of jumping will not necessarily be compatible with that of another style.
A Riemannian Framework for Tackling Large-Scale Conformational Changes of Proteins using All-ATOM Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Simulation studies of biomolecular processes often suffer from the curse of dimensionality both in sampling and in analysis. Dimensionality reduction, either using intuitive reaction coordinates or automated algorithms, is thus an inevitable part of advanced biomolecular simulation studies. Most free energy calculation methods and path-finding algorithms, implicitly or explicitly, rely on an effective diffusion model in a low-dimensional space as their underlying theoretical framework. Dimensionality reduction, however, comes with a price and the effective dynamics of the reduced system could be nontrivial. For instance, assuming the diffusivity of the effective dynamics, the diffusion tensor is likely to be position-dependent and anisotropic.We have developed a Riemannian framework for free energy calculation methods and path-finding algorithms in molecular dynamics simulations. We show that a Riemannian diffusion model may describe the dynamics of the reduced system such that a Riemannian metric replaces the position-dependent diffusion tensor. In addition, the Riemannian formulation provides a suitable mathematical framework for generalizing one-dimensional free energy relations to multi-dimensional spaces in a rigorous manner such that the model is invariant under any smooth coordinate transformation.Within the proposed mathematical framework, a novel combination of free energy calculation methods and path-finding algorithms is developed which can be used for accurate calculation of free energies along protein conformational transition pathways using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The method is particularly useful for describing large-scale and complex conformational changes of proteins. We note that the simplified Euclidean version of the method was recently employed successfully in reconstructing the transport cycle of a membrane transporter at an atomic level (see M. Moradi, et al, “Atomic-level characterization of transport cycle thermodynamics in the glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter.”, Nat. Commun., 6:8393, 2015).
HIV: A Socioecological Case Study

Abstract Introduction New strategies are needed to lower health care costs and address the health care needs of communities, especially for marginalized persons and subpopulations. Improved educati...
Expanding access to naloxone for family members: The Massachusetts experience

Introduction and Aims. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution Program provides overdose education and naloxone rescue kits to people at risk for overdose and bystanders, including family members. Using Massachusetts Department of Public Health data, the aims are to: (i) describe characteristics of family members who receive naloxone; (ii) identify where family members obtain naloxone; and (iii) describe characteristics of rescues by family members. Design and Methods. We conducted a retrospective review using program enrollee information collected on a standardised form between 2008 and 2015. We calculated descriptive statistics, including demographics, current substance use, enrolment location, history of witnessed overdoses and rescue attempt characteristics. We conducted a stratified analysis comparing family members who used drugs with those who did not. Results. Family members were 27% of total program enrollees (n = 10 883/40 801). Family members who reported substance use (n = 4679) were 35.6 years (mean), 50.6% female, 76.3% non-Hispanic white, 75.6% had witnessed an overdose, and they obtained naloxone most frequently at HIV prevention programs. Family members who did not report substance use (n = 6148) were 49.2 years (mean), 73.8% female, 87.9% non-Hispanic white, 35.3% had witnessed an overdose, and they obtained naloxone most frequently at community meetings. Family members were responsible for 20% (n = 860/4373) of the total rescue attempts. Discussion and Conclusions. The Massachusetts experience demonstrates that family members can be active participants in responding to the overdose epidemic by rescuing family members and others. Targeted intervention strategies for families should be included in efforts to expand overdose education and naloxone in Massachusetts. [Bagley SM, Forman LS, Ruiz S, Cranston K, Walley AY. Expanding access to naloxone for family members: The Massachusetts experience. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000]
Evaluating electrolyte additives for lithium-ion cells: A new Figure of Merit approach

Abstract Electrolyte additives are known to improve the performance of lithium-ion cells. In this work we examine the performance of Li 1.03 Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.3 O 2 -graphite (NMC532/Gr) cells containing combinations of lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), vinylene carbonate (VC), trivinylcyclotriboroxane (tVCBO), prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone (PES), phenyl boronic acid ethylene glycol ester (PBE), tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPi), triethyl phosphite (TEPi), and lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB) added to our baseline (1.2 M LiPF 6 in EC:EMC, 3:7 w/w) electrolyte. In order to rank performance of the various electrolytes, we developed two separate figures of merit (FOM), which are based on the energy retention and power retention of the cells. Using these two metrics in conjunction, we show that only one of the fifteen electrolyte formulations tested significantly outperforms the baseline electrolyte: this electrolyte contains the 0.25 wt% tVCBO + 1 wt% TMSPi additive mix. Little correlation was observed between the FOMs for energy retention and power retention, which indicates that the mechanisms that govern these performance parameters are likely independent of each other. Our FOM approach has general applicability and can be used to develop electrolyte and electrode formulations that prolong the life of lithium-ion batteries.
RhoA-ROCK Inhibition Reverses Synaptic Remodeling and Motor and Cognitive Deficits Caused by Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes extensive neural damage, often resulting in long-term cognitive impairments. Unfortunately, effective treatments for TBI remain elusive. The RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic target since it is activated by TBI and can promote the retraction of dendritic spines/synapses, which are critical for information processing and memory storage. To test this hypothesis, RhoA-ROCK signaling was blocked by RhoA deletion from postnatal neurons or treatment with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil. We found that TBI impairs both motor and cognitive performance and inhibiting RhoA-ROCK signaling alleviates these deficits. Moreover, RhoA-ROCK inhibition prevents TBI-induced spine remodeling and mature spine loss. These data argue that TBI elicits pathological spine remodeling that contributes to behavioral deficits by altering synaptic connections, and RhoA-ROCK inhibition enhances functional recovery by blocking this detrimental effect. As fasudil has been safely used in humans, our results suggest that it could be repurposed to treat TBI.
Fitting Different Treatment Modes to Patterns of Drug Use

Professionals dealing with individuals who manifest problems of addiction, alcoholism, criminal behavior, and impulsive behavior have, in general, attempted to seek denominators common to all of these problems. This approach often leads to the creation of a mental set that can severely limit further exploration and critical thinking by therapists or counselors. Whether we care to admit it or not, terms such as “addict,” “alcoholic,” or “criminal” arouse mental images that have been reinforced over time by several factors: social attitudes toward deviant behavior, media presentation of individuals or groups manifesting impulsive behavior, and personal contact or experience of both professionals and lay persons with these individuals. By recognizing that we hold these stereotypic images and attitudes, at least at some level, we can progress beyond our own prejudice and engage in more objective, discriminate thinking about the relevant factors in assessing the behavior patterns of a particular individual.