cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utility-scale microgrids and day-ahead markets: A new curtailment?

This paper studies the impact of utility-scale microgrids on day-ahead (DA) markets, proposes a procedure to manage microgrids in daily operations of a DA market, and provides a guidance in planning new microgrids. As new utility-scale microgrids are being planned and built, the cumulative capacity of microgrids in the U.S. is expected to double in five years. In a region with a significant power output from microgrids, the demand will drop by a great amount. The reduced demand makes some generators too costly to operate hence resulting in a power imbalance problem in DA markets. This problem also happens to a power system with a large available capacity from low-cost renewable generators, wherein the renewable generation capacity is typically curtailed. This widely-applied curtailment leads to a waste of resources. To prevent a similar curtailment of utility-scale microgrids, this paper proposes a procedure to determine each microgrid's power output, which is compatible with existing market clearing mechanisms. A five-bus DA market example shows that the power output of microgrids should be restricted during off-peak hours to prevent the power imbalance problem. Based on a DA market's daily operations, the total capacity of microgrids in a region should be capped. With this capacity upper limit, people can prevent over-investing while planning new utility-scale microgrids.
Improving the Efficiency of Care for Pediatric Patients Hospitalized With Asthma

BACKGROUND: Asthma exacerbations are a leading cause of hospitalization among children. Despite the existence of national pediatric asthma guidelines, significant variation in care persists. At Duke Children’s Hospital, we determined that our average length of stay (ALOS) and cost for pediatric asthma admissions exceeded that of our peers. Our aim was to reduce the ALOS of pediatric patients hospitalized with asthma from 2.9 days to 2.6 days within 12 months by implementing an asthma pathway within our new electronic health record. METHODS: We convened a multidisciplinary committee charged with reducing variability in practice, ALOS, and cost of inpatient pediatric asthma care, while adhering to evidence-based guidelines. Interventions were tested through multiple “plan-do-study-act” cycles. Control charts of the ALOS were constructed and annotated with interventions, including testing of an asthma score, implementation of order sets, use of a respiratory therapy–driven albuterol treatment protocol, and provision of targeted education. Order set usage was audited as a process measure. Readmission rates were monitored as a balancing measure. RESULTS: The ALOS of pediatric patients hospitalized with asthma decreased significantly from 2.9 days to 2.3 days. Comparing baseline with intervention variable direct cost data revealed a savings of $1543 per case. Improvements occurred in the context of high compliance with the asthma pathway order sets. Readmission rates remained stable throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of an asthma care pathway based on the electronic health record improved the efficiency and variable direct costs of hospital care, reduced variability in practice, and ensured adherence to high-quality national guidelines.
Generalizability of Neuroimaging Studies in 5 Common Psychiatric Disorders Based on the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)

Objective Although neuroimaging studies have an important role in psychiatric nosology and treatment development, little is known about the representativeness of participants in neuroimaging research. We estimated the effects of commonly used study eligibility criteria on the representativeness of neuroimaging research participants in relation to the general population with the psychiatric disorders of interest. Methods Common eligibility criteria were applied from 112 published neuroimaging studies of DSM-IV nicotine dependence (13 studies), alcohol dependence (12 studies), drug use disorders (13 studies), major depressive disorder (MDD) (37 studies), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (36 studies) to representative US samples with these conditions from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) (n = 43,093). The analyses were repeated with NESARC respondents with the disorders and substantial psychosocial impairment. Results Most NESARC respondents with nicotine dependence (64.1%), alcohol dependence (57.7%), drug use disorders (86.6%), and PTSD (66.9%), though not with MDD (18.2%), would have been excluded by eligibility criteria used in at least half of the relevant neuroimaging studies. Across the diagnostic groups, comorbid psychiatric and general medical conditions resulted in the largest percentages of exclusions. Corresponding analyses limited to respondents with substantial impairment excluded larger percentages with nicotine dependence (77.6%), alcohol dependence (75.8%), drug use disorders (93.5%), and PTSD (76.8%), though not MDD (18.3%). Conclusions Neuroimaging studies tend to recruit highly selected samples with the psychiatric disorders of interest that markedly underrepresent individuals with common comorbid conditions. Larger studies with less restrictive eligibility criteria may promote translation of advances in neuroimaging research to populations commonly encountered in clinical practice.
Spatial distribution, chemical state, solubility of rhenium in a reducing cement waste form: Implications for predicting technetium mobility in saltstone

Abstract Reducing cementitious materials (RCMs) are presently being developed for the long-term, subsurface disposal of low-level radioactive waste within the United States Department of Energy complex. Slag is included in the formulation of the RCM to facilitate the reductive precipitation of redox-sensitive radionuclides, particularly 99Tc. Using Re(VII)O4− as a chemical surrogate for Tc(VII)O4−, depth sequence Re distribution, solubility, and chemical state were evaluated to provide a spatial measure of the impact of atmospheric O2 migration into field aged (
Characterization of tRNALeu binding interactions with Cu2+ and Pb2+ and their biological implications.

Abstract RNA is known to interact with Mg 2 + when assuming higher-ordered tertiary configurations. Structurally, when tRNA molecules interact with Mg 2 + , they consistently form a “L-shape” conformation each time they are synthesized. Therefore, if Mg 2 + can induce tertiary structure formation, then binding to alternative cations could produce alternative tertiary configurations. By utilizing circular dichroism and mobility gel-shift assays it was observed that tRNA structure can be altered when in the presence of different divalent cationic species. Formation of these alternative structural configurations was further validated by aminoacylating these tRNA structural anomalies with their native enzyme, which resulted in markedly different degrees of activity. Thus, it was confirmed that structural changes do occur when tRNA forms complexes with different cations. To better understand these structural changes, quantitative cation binding to tRNA was determined through titrations as well as ICP-OES analysis, which indicated that the metal ions can bind to the tRNA structure in specific and non-specific ways. Lastly, it was observed through stopped-flow kinetics that tRNA can associate/dissociate from different cations to varying degrees, thus forming cation-specific complexes at unique rates.
Accreting, Isolated Neutron Stars

Nearby, isolated, old neutron stars (IONSs) accreting interstellar material might be detectable as sources of UV and soft X-ray radiation. We investigate the interaction between this radiation field and the surrounding medium, assumed to consist of purely hydrogen and helium. This interaction results in a cometary H II region around the star which we model in detail by including all the relevant time-dependent ionization, recombination, heating, and cooling processes. We find that preheating of the ambient gas to temperatures higher than 10(exp 4) K may significantly quench the accretion rate onto these neutron stars, thereby reducing the IONS number counts in the EUV and soft X-ray bands predicted by previous investigations. However, the reprocessing of hard radiation by the surrounding H II regions may enhance the detectability of IONSs at optical wavelengths. Searches for nearby accreting IONSs are currently being undertaken.
Particle metrology for microelectronics

Particles, defects, and microcontaminaton: the bane of the IC process engineer! Controlling defects during every processing step of semiconductor devices is vital to successful manufacturing of modem chips. The requirements for tight defect control become increasingly severe with each new generation of semiconductors. For a typical 16 MB DRAM process, the total number of defects must be less than one for each 4 cm2 Gf Wafer surface area in order to achieve 70% yield on the wafer.1 Not only must the total number of defects on wafers decrease with each generation, the defect concentration per mask level must be reduced at an ever faster rate due to higher circuit complexity and increased number of mask levels. These defect reduction requirements are noted here for DRAMs, used as the technology driver, but must also be achieved in other device families such as ASICs and microprocessors.
Role of Germline Genetics in Identifying Survivors at Risk for Adverse Effects of Cancer Treatment.

The growing population of cancer survivors often faces adverse effects of treatment, which have a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Although certain adverse effects are thought to have a significant heritable component, much work remains to be done to understand the role of germline genetic factors in the development of treatment-related toxicities. In this article, we review current understanding of genetic susceptibility to a range of adverse outcomes among cancer survivors (e.g., fibrosis, urinary and rectal toxicities, ototoxicity, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, subsequent malignancies). Most previous research has been narrowly focused, investigating variation in candidate genes and pathways such as drug metabolism, DNA damage and repair, and inflammation. Few of the findings from these earlier candidate gene studies have been replicated in independent populations. Advances in understanding of the genome, improvements in technology, and reduction in laboratory costs have led ...
Cultural Contents in the History of the Use of Human Subjects in Research

What if, at some future date, we were to come across an account of this congress on ‘The Use of Human Beings in Research,’ and discovered that it had been held in Joppa in 1882? We should believe almost surely that we had been made the victims of some historical prank; it would be as though we had found a manuscript of a musical composition identical to Beethoven’s String Quartet in B flat major with a date of 1725 rather than 1825, and, more than that, had found that the composer had lived in Jerusalem rather than in Vienna. Scientific, philosophical, legal, and religious works belong to particular times and places, are part of a Gesamtkultur; we have a feeling about where they fit, in whose company, in which decade, in what place. Science, art, literature, religion, and politics, which make up the parts of an entire culture, are recognizably members of the same household.
Acute Fixation of Type IV and V Acromioclavicular Separations: An Internal Splint Technique.

Author(s): LaMartina, Joey A; Lau, Brian C; Miller, Liane; Salesky, Madeleine A; Feeley, Brian T; Ma, C Benjamin; Zhang, Alan L | Abstract: BackgroundThere is no standard method for the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separations. Current techniques have associated complications, including need for device removal, coracoid fracture, and inadequate reduction.PurposeTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of an internal splint technique without graft augmentation or rigid fixation to treat acute Rockwood type IV and V AC joint injuries.Study designCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed of 26 patients who underwent a novel internal splint fixation technique between 2011 and 2016. Patients had type IV (n = 2) and type V (n = 24) acute AC separations. The mean time to surgery was 13.7 days (range, 1-28 days). The surgical technique included an open approach with coracoclavicular suture and tape fixation and AC suture fixation. Range of motion, strength, and radiographs were evaluated after surgery. Patient follow-up included the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) questionnaire at a mean 3.3 years postoperatively (range, 6 months-8.6 years). DASH questionnaires were obtained for all patients via email. Patients were also surveyed on cosmetic appearance and willingness to undergo the operation again.ResultsAll patients regained full strength and range of motion following surgery. All postoperative radiographs demonstrated well-maintained reduction of the AC joint. The mean DASH score was 3.4 at final follow-up, and 23 of 26 respondents were satisfied with their postoperative shoulder appearance. There were no reoperations, and all patients stated that they would have the operation again given the same circumstances.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate a reliable new technique for acute fixation of type IV or V AC joint injuries via an internal splint construct. This technique enables reduction in the coronal and sagittal planes without the need for graft augmentation or a rigid implant, allowing healing of the coracoclavicular and AC ligaments.
Current Distribution in Electrochemical Cells: Analytical and Numerical Modeling

The topic of current distribution modeling is central to the analysis of electrochemical systems and has been addressed in textbooks 1, reviews (e.g., Refs. [2–4]) and numerous journal publications. Newman’s textbook 1 provides a meticulous and comprehensive treatment of the subject. Prentice and Tobias 2 present a review of the early (up to about 1980) publications in the area. Dukovic’s more recent review 3 is very comprehensive, providing critical analysis of both the electrochemical and the numerical aspects of the topic. A recent review by Schlesinger 4 focuses primarily on the numerical techniques. The present monograph introduces the fundamental processes and equations underlying the modeling of the current distribution, and critically analyzes common assumptions and approximations. Focus is placed on discussing scaling parameters for the characterization of the current distribution. Commonly used algorithms for numerical determination of the current distribution are compared and a few numerical implementations are discussed. Lastly, the modeling of the current distribution in some special configurations and applications is introduced, emphasizing recent publications.
STUDENT-PERFORMED ENERGY AUDITS: THREE CASE STUDIES

This paper describes three energy audits performed by engineering undergraduate students. Students estimated energy savings by examining mechanical systems, lighting, power requirements, the building envelope, water consumption, and the potential for both heat reclamation and solar energy collection. The results demonstrate the potential for energy savings of 20% or more in each audit by the implementation of energy conservation measures with a simple payback period of five years or less.
Caries experience in children with various genetic sensitivity levels to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP): a pilot study.

PURPOSE The objective of this pilot study was to determine the prevalence of coronal dental caries among children with different genetic sensitivity levels of taste, as determined by 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). METHODS Coronal caries and restorations in permanent and primary dentition were evaluated in 150 healthy school-aged children aged 6 to 12 years. A filter paper containing 6-n-propylthiouracil was used to determine each subject's genetic ability to taste bitter and sweet substances. Supertasters perceived stronger tastes from a variety of bitter and sweet substances than both medium tasters and nontasters. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with Duncan's multiple range test, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square, multiple linear regression analyses, and Pearson's coefficient of correlation. RESULTS The nontasters had more mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dfs/DMFS) than tasters. The values of mean decayed and filled surfaces of primary dentition and mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces of permanent dentition (dfs/DMFS) and mean decayed surfaces of primary dentition and permanent dentition (ds/DS) were significantly higher in nontasters than in medium tasters, and in medium tasters compared with supertasters. After adjusting for missing teeth, the data were expressed as a percentage of the available surfaces, and the significant differences in dfs/DMFS and ds/DS persisted (r = -0.49, P < .001 and r = -0.51, P < .0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS After all associated factors were controlled, taste was the only independent variable significantly related to overall caries experience. The results of this study suggested an increased prevalence of overall caries experience in nontaster children.
The Use of Automated Data-Acquisition Techniques in Monitoring Amphibian and Reptile Populations

A major problem associated with herpetological surveys and monitoring programs is that environmental variation affects animal activity and, thus, our ability to determine the presence and abundance of amphibians and reptiles. This paper discusses how automated data-acquisition techniques can be used to quantify the relationships between environmental variation and animal activity and thereby improve surveys and monitoring programs. Two major issues are addressed: (1) how to describe temporal and spatial variation in the physical environment, and (2) how to measure the activity patterns of free-ranging animals. We use an automated weather station to gather environmental data and techniques such as radiotelemetry and audio recording to determine activity patterns. Combining environmental and activity data helps optimize where, when, and under what conditions to sample. We illustrate our approach with data on the effects of environmental variation on the activity patterns of rubber boas (Charina bottae) and on the calling activity of southwestern toads (Bufo microscaphus) .
Beyond health messaging: a behavioural economics approach to increasing self-selected distance during an acute bout of cycling

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the perceived purpose of exercising on the self-selected distance peddled during an acute cycling task. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups (health, wealth, charity). All participants watched a video emphasizing the health benefits of performing at least 30 min of daily exercise. Those in the health group were not provided any additional information. Those in the wealth group were then informed that they would earn money for every two kilometres cycled. Those in the charity group were informed that they would earn money for a charity for every two kilometres cycled. Participants were not given a time/distance limit and were instructed to cycle until they chose to stop. Analyses revealed that participants in the wealth and charity group cycled significantly farther than those in the health group (approximately twice as far). Additionally, a significant sex by group interaction showed that women cycled farther for charity while men cycled farther for wealth. These results suggest that health messages used to increase exercise behaviour may benefit from exploring how paradigms from behavioural economics influence behaviors that have relevance to public health.
High stakes on the high seas.

Jennifer Jacquet Jeremy B. C. Jackson Today, “the high seas” are generally understood to refer to the vast expanses of open oceans that are not under the formal jurisdiction of any nation. Legally, the high seas are defined as the 60% expanse of the oceans that lie beyond national exclusive economic zones, which are within 200 nautical miles (370 km) of coastlines. Despite legal definitions, however, the expanses of the high seas are neither well-defined nor well-understood from ecological or geological perspectives. The surface area of these waters is one-and-a-half times the total land area on the planet and the dynamics in their depths play critical roles in regulating climate and biogeochemical cycles, supporting incalculable biodiversity and providing rare habitat to some of the most charismatic species on Earth. Like the continent of Antarctica and the canopy of the Amazon, the high seas are places that few will experience but remain sources of wonder and imagination for people of all nations and cultures. Today, the sustainable health of the high seas is at risk. Industrial activities are already draining the oceans of their natural capital including valuable minerals, new genetic resources, and wild animals. This set of research articles on the science of the high seas has been compiled to underscore some of the major challenges and risks that nations face as ocean exploitation accelerates. Each study explores a particular facet of human influence on the high seas …
Random Genetic Drift and Selective Pressures Shaping the Blattabacterium Genome.

Estimates suggest that at least half of all extant insect genera harbor obligate bacterial mutualists. Whereas an endosymbiotic relationship imparts many benefits upon host and symbiont alike, the intracellular lifestyle has profound effects on the bacterial genome. The obligate endosymbiont genome is a product of opposing forces: genes important to host survival are maintained through physiological constraint, contrasted by the fixation of deleterious mutations and genome erosion through random genetic drift. The obligate cockroach endosymbiont, Blattabacterium – providing nutritional augmentation to its host in the form of amino acid synthesis – displays radical genome alterations when compared to its most recent free-living relative Flavobacterium. To date, eight Blattabacterium genomes have been published, affording an unparalleled opportunity to examine the direction and magnitude of selective forces acting upon this group of symbionts. Here, we find that the Blattabacterium genome is experiencing a 10-fold increase in selection rate compared to Flavobacteria. Additionally, the proportion of selection events is largely negative in direction, with only a handful of loci exhibiting signatures of positive selection. These findings suggest that the Blattabacterium genome will continue to erode, potentially resulting in an endosymbiont with an even further reduced genome, as seen in other insect groups such as Hemiptera.
Association Between Motor Skills and Musculoskeletal Physical Fitness Among Preschoolers.

Previous work is conflicted regarding the relationship between motor skill development and physical activity. One potential explanation for this equivocality is the difficulty and lack of precision in physical activity measurement, particularly within preschool populations. Our exploration of plank performance as a proxy measure for fitness addresses a void in the literature, as few studies have investigated the role of motor skill development on fitness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between motor skill level and musculoskeletal endurance (via the plank test). Data from the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey were used, which included 224 preschool-aged children (3–5 years). Motor skill level was assessed from the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD2). Motor skill parameters included general motor skills, locomotor skills, and object control skills. Within this nationally representative sample of preschoolers, increased motor skills were positively associated with plank performance [General Motor Skills (β = 0.45; 95% CI 0.31–0.59), locomotor skills (β = 1.88; 95% CI 1.15–2.61), and object control skills (β = 2.05; 95% CI 1.11–2.98)]. Motor skill level in this national preschool sample was associated with musculoskeletal endurance. Thus, future interventions should aim to develop and refine motor skills among preschoolers.
Eikonal fit to p p and p ¯ p scattering and the edge in the scattering amplitude

We make a detailed eikonal fit to current data on the total and elastic scattering cross sections, the ratios $\ensuremath{\rho}$ of the real to the imaginary parts of the forward elastic scattering amplitudes, and the logarithmic slopes $B$ of the differential cross sections $d\ensuremath{\sigma}/dt$ at $t=0$, for proton-proton and antiproton-proton scattering at center-of-mass energies $W$ from 5 GeV to 57 TeV. The fit allows us to investigate the structure of the eikonal amplitudes in detail, including the impact-parameter structure of the energy-independent edge in the scattering amplitude shown to exist by Block et al., [Phys. Rev. D 91, 011501(R) (2015)]. We show that the edge region has an essentially fixed shape with a peak at approximately the ``black disk'' radius ${R}_{\mathrm{tot}}=\sqrt{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}/2\ensuremath{\pi}}$ of the scattering amplitude, a constant width ${t}_{\text{edge}}\ensuremath{\approx}1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, and migrates to larger impact parameters with increasing energy proportionally to ${R}_{\mathrm{tot}}$. We comment on possible physical mechanisms which could lead to the edge. We show that the eikonal results for the cross sections and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ values are described to high accuracy by analytic expressions of the forms used in earlier analyses by Block and Halzen, and extend the result to the elastic-scattering slope parameter $B$. These expressions provide simple extrapolations of the results to much higher energies where the cross sections approach the black disk limit with ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{elas}}$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{inel}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}/2$ and $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}/8\ensuremath{\pi}$. Finally, we calculate the survival probabilities for large rapidity gaps in the scattering.
Research on Key Technologies of Electricity Trading Platform of Next Generation

After the promulgation and enforcement of file 9th of electricity market reform and deepening design scheme for national unified electricity market, core mode and process of electricity trading have changed sharply. Under the new environment of the joint operation of "spot + medium-and-long term" market, higher function and performance of technical support platform for electricity market is desperately needed, such as timely respondence to rapidly changing trading rules, the Internet-oriented high concurrent access, high performance computing, etc. Whereupon, after analyzing the requirement of technological support platform, design objectives of platform are introduced, and key technologies are elaborated in succession. And then empirical study is done in order to testify the key technologies. Finally, the whole work that has been done and to be done in future is summarized.
Feline asthma and heartworm disease: Clinical features, diagnostics and therapeutics.

Practical relevance:For feline practitioners, the cat with a cough or respiratory distress and thoracic radiographs with a bronchial or bronchointerstitial pattern suggests lower airway disease. Tw...
Thirteenth Amendment Reflections on Abortion, Surrogacy, and Race Selection

This essay was solicited for a symposium on new directions in scholarship about the Thirteenth Amendment. It analyzes controversies over abortion, surrogacy, and race selection through the lens of reproductive slavery. I argue that abortion bans are vulnerable to Thirteenth Amendment challenge: namely, that criminalizing abortion access subjects women to “involuntary servitude.” Pregnancy and childbirth aren’t as coercive when a woman agrees in advance to carry a child for someone else. Surrogacy may not be voluntary in the meaningful sense that gives its performance moral force—but it's usually willed freely enough to carry constitutional force for Thirteenth Amendment purposes. Finally are reproductive mix-ups in which fertility patients end up with a baby of a different racial background. Negligence suits in these cases evoke the racial division and hierarchy that animate what the U.S. Supreme Court has called the “badges and incidents” of slavery. I analyze the Thirteenth Amendment implications for each of these three contexts in detail. I conclude with the following reflections: Appeals to reproductive slavery promise to break new ground across these unyielding landscapes. But that analogy can do more bad than good when it's enlisted to resolve hard moral questions by comparison to one of the few practices that almost everyone—even people who rarely see eye-to-eye—can agree is unequivocally evil. The enormity of slavery’s injustice was so plain, so profound, that modern comparisons struggle to escape its absolute wrongs. Imperfect metaphors risk insulting the memory of enslaved person and crowding out prospects for good-faith conversation and practical compromise.
Preliminary Findings to Support the Internal Consistency and Factor Structure of the Ferrari-Lynch-Vogel Listening Test (FLVLT)

While many tools exist to assess student content knowledge, there are few that assess whether students display the critical listening skills necessary to interpret the quality of a speaker’s messag...
Vintage Ratings: Applications of a Ranking Procedure to Facilitate a Better Understanding of Climate’s Role in Wine Quality: Original language of the article: English.

Zu den vier Faktoren, die die Qualitat von Wein beeinflussen gehoren die Rebsorte, die Umgebung, in der sie angebaut wird und die Anbaupraktiken fur die Trauben sowie die Weinbereitungsmethoden. Diese Faktoren voneinander zu trennen und ihre genaue Bedeutung fur die Qualitat des Weins zu bestimmen, ist allerdings ein schwieriges und entmutigendes Unterfangen.
A matrix-based revision of the genus Hypogena Dejean, 1834 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The darkling beetle genus Hypogena Dejean, 1834 (Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae) is revised. Hypogena is entirely composed of dorsoventrally flattened species that live subcortically in dead trees. This genus is generally identified by male specific characters, particularly the presence of cephalic horns. Hypogena is currently placed within the tribe Triboliini Gistel, 1848. However, several previously overlooked morphological characters call into question its placement within the tribe. A morphological matrix of 94 external adult characters was assembled to examine species relationships and boundaries. The resulting phylogeny is presented. Thirteen Hypogena species were previously recognized as valid, including Hypogena marginalis Doyen & Poinar from Dominican amber. Four previously unidentified species are described in this study: Hypogena akuma sp. nov. (Brazil), Hypogena cryptica sp. nov. (Mexico), Hypogena hirsuta sp. nov. (Ecuador), and Hypogena reburra sp. nov. (Colombia). Lectotypes are designated for Hypogena depressa (Champion, 1886), Hypogena dejeani (Champion, 1886), Hypogena canaliculata (Champion, 1886), and Hypogena vacca (Fabricius, 1801). A neotype is designated for Tenebrio biimpressus (Latreille, 1833) (type species of Hypogena, synonymized under Hypogena brasilica (Perty)) in order to maintain stability within the genus.
Whose India? SITE and the origins of satellite television in India

This essay explores the origins of the Satellite Instructional Technology Experiment (SITE), a project that used a NASA satellite to beam educational programs to over two thousand villages in India...
On an exotic Lagrangian torus in

We find a non-displaceable Lagrangian torus fiber in a semi-toric system which is superheavy with respect to a certain symplectic quasi-state. The proof employs both 4-dimensional techniques and those from symplectic field theory. In particular, our result implies Lagrangian $\mathbb{R}P^{2}$ is not a stem in $\mathbb{C}P^{2}$ , answering a question of Entov and Polterovich.
Size- and Phase-Controlled Nanometer-Thick β-Ga2O3 Films with Green Photoluminescence for Optoelectronic Applications

Realization and optimization of the tunable/enhanced optical properties are critical to further advancing the fields of optoelectronics, photonics, and nanoelectronics. In this context, here, we de...
Baker's Helper

50 The girl who doesn't eat comes each day at the same time. You'll be filling a tray of cannoli, and there she is, crouched by the case, her face pressed against the glass. You mix sugar and ricotta, wipe your hands on your apron, all the while watching her. She is thin, almost fleshless, her olive skin drawn tight against bone. Even so, kneeling there she's Botticelli-beautiful, with dark curls and a full mouth. You don't move as her eyes take in the racks of tiramisu and macaroon?revealing what she likes by where her gaze lingers. Sometimes her breath leaves puffs on the glass and you think angel but there are fingerprints too, faint whorls you find later when you Windex the glass. Finally you ask "Can I help you, miss?" the way you would any one, you hope. Her eyes rise slowly. Your heart moves, resettles in a different place. "Just looking," she always says, her voice soft, as if she's down the street at Bova's browsing silver. Then she stands, step ping back and running her tongue over dry lips. You turn to another customer, conscious of Jimmy in the back. When you look again, the girl is gone, until tomorrow, when she will return as Jimmy is pulling biscotti from the oven and the bak ery is filling with the nutty scent. Daily the girl who doesn't eat is thinner but beautiful as you wait, watching, until one afternoon she struggles to rise from the case and you realize she is disappearing. You see ribs through her blouse, her clavicle, the bones of her jaw. That night you lie awake in the hot still air. When you do sleep, you dream of sparrows that gather on the stone steps of the park at lunch time. In the bakery the next morning you fill a box with things she likes, one sweet after another. You begin to feel better. You hum, licking chocolate from your fingers. That's right. You will feed the girl who doesn't eat. You are ready when she comes, catching her before she kneels. "Here, miss," you say, sliding the box across the counter. "This is for you."
A flexible framework for content-based access management for federated digital libraries

Recent advances in digital library technologies are making it possible to build federated discovery services which aggregate metadata from different digital libraries (data providers) and provide a unified search interface to users. In this work we develop a framework that enables data providers to control access to their content in the federation. We have built and tested such a framework based on XACML and Shibboleth.
Introduction-Engaging Islam

This Special Issue has its genesis in a Ford Foundation-funded Institute held at the University of Massachusetts Boston from 12–16 September 2007. The Institute, titled ‘Engaging Islam: Feminisms, ...
Fixing the Beating Heart: Ultrasound Guidance for Robotic Intracardiac Surgery

To treat defects within the heart, surgeons currently use stopped-heart techniques. These procedures are highly invasive and incur a significant risk of neurological impairment. We are developing methods for performing surgery within the heart while it is beating. New real-time 3-D ultrasound imaging allows visualization through the opaque blood pool, but this imaging modality poses difficult image processing challenges, including poor resolution, acoustic artifacts, and data rates of 30 to 40 million voxels per second. To track instruments within the heart we have developed a Radon transform-based algorithm, which is readily implemented in real-time on graphics processor units. For manipulation of rapidly moving cardiac tissue we have created a fast robotic device that can track the tissue based on ultrasound image features. This allows the surgeon to interact with the heart as if it was stationary. To integrate ultrasound imaging with the robotic device we have developed a predictive controller that compensates for the 50-100 ms imaging and image processing delays to ensure good tracking performance. Our in vitro studies show that this approach enhances dexterity and lowers applied forces. In vivo applications of this technology in atrial septal defect closure and mitral valve annuloplasty procedures demonstrate the potential for improved patient outcomes.
λ Mutants Which Persist as Plasmids

Lambda phages mutated in gene N do not kill sensitive host bacteria, but persist as plasmids. Plasmids are formed by genomes containing cI(+), and also by sus, ts, or c mutants of cI. Bacteria infected with two or more phage particles give rise to clones in which most of the bacteria are carriers. The introduced lambda genomes replicate more than once per bacterial division until there are 10 to 20 lambda plasmids per host genome. In bacteria containing both F and lambda plasmids, both replicate independently, and elimination by growth in acridine orange is also independent. Carriers of lambda Nsus plasmids are not immune, and there is complementation between the plasmids and superinfecting lambda mutants.
Expression of CD203c and CD63 in human basophils: relationship to differential regulation of piecemeal and anaphylactic degranulation processes

Summary Background Activation of human basophils results in the release of many different mediators and the expression of new cell surface proteins. The markers CD63 and CD203c have been used in recent years to assess basophil activation but there have been many studies that demonstrate that expression of these markers can be dissociated from histamine release. Objective To determine the signal transduction requirements for CD203c and CD63 expression. Methods The current study began by exploring the dependency of CD203c and CD63 expression on protein kinase C (PKC) using known selective inhibitors of PKC. Results Between 30 and 300 nm, Ro-31-8220 and bisindoylmaleimide II (Bis II) had no effect on formyl–met–leu–phe- or anti-IgE-induced CD63 or CD203c but enhanced IgE-mediated expression of CD63 by an average of 15-fold at concentrations >1 μm. These results led to the suggestion that these inhibitors altered the normal pathways of degranulation (by a non-PKC dependent mechanism), shifting the normal presence of piecemeal degranulation to the process termed anaphylactic degranulation (AND). Morphological studies demonstrated that concentrations of Ro-31-8220 and Bis II>1 μm dramatically increased the presence of degranulation sacs, a morphological feature of AND. Conclusion It is proposed that CD63 expression results from only the AND form of histamine release. Cite this as: D. MacGlashan Jr, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1365–1377.
THE AGENT AND THE LEARNER

Relationships between adult independent learners and assisting tibrarians were examined using the critical incident technique, a means for eliciting narrative data. Thirty-nine learner's advisors-participants in a project of the College Board-provided descriptions of important effective and ineffective encounters with adults who sought new skills or knowledge through systematic library assistance. Eight critical themes were found: individuation, mutuality, support, information, expectation, motivation, learning from practice, and clarification. These themes are dynamic, interpenetrative, and mutually supportive. The agent and the learner create complex encounters in which the information given is less important to learning than the quality of the giving.
Dynamic asset allocation for counter-smuggling operations under disconnected, intermittent and low-bandwidth environment

Counter-smuggling operations constitute a high priority national security mission since drug-trafficking not only involves many criminals, but can also be a source of financing for many illicit activities such as narco-terrorism and arms trafficking. The counter-smuggling mission involves surveillance operations (to search, detect, track and identify potential threats) and interdiction operations (to intercept, investigate and potentially apprehend suspects). Potential smuggling activity is represented in the form of color-coded heat maps built using intelligence and meteorological and oceanographic information, which are interpreted in the form of probability of activity (PoA) surfaces. The PoA surfaces constitute the “sufficient statistics” for the asset allocation and scheduling processes. However, in the case of disconnected, intermittent, and low-bandwidth environments, the problem of allocating resources becomes very challenging as PoA information is unavailable or is not up to date. In this paper, we propose to utilize flow (historic PoA)-based surfaces, which provide cues on where the smugglers may have traversed in the past. Using the flow surfaces, we allocate the surveillance and interdiction assets to best thwart potential smuggling activities. We further evaluate the quality of our solution in terms of the number of targets interdicted and the amount of contraband seized.
The role of stress transfer in earthquake occurrence

An earthquake alters the shear and normal stress on surrounding faults. New evidence strengthens the hypothesis that such small, sudden stress changes cause large changes in seismicity rate. Rates climb where the stress increases (aftershocks) and fall where the stress drops. Both increases and decreases in seismicity rate are followed by a time-dependent recovery. When stress change is translated into probability change, seismic hazard is seen to be strongly influenced by earthquake interaction.
Formally expressing the semantics of observer-based fault detection software

The aim is to create reliable and verifiable fault detection software to detect abrupt changes in safety-critical dynamic systems. Fault detection methods are implemented as software on digital computers that monitor and control the system. We implement three observer-based fault detection methods on a 3 degrees of freedom (3DOF) laboratory helicopter, in the form of software. We examine the performance of those methods to detect different faults during flight in a closedloop setup. All selected methods show acceptable detection performance. However, it is not possible to repeat the test for every possible conditions, inputs and fault scenarios. In this paper, we translate fault detection properties and mathematical proofs into a formal language, previously used in software validation and verification. We include the translated properties in software in the form of nonexecutable annotations that can be read by machine. Consequently, some high level functional properties of the code can be verified by automatic software verification tools. This certifies fault detection software for a set of bounded data and increases the reliability in practice.
Attachment of oral Cytophaga species to hydroxyapatite-containing surfaces.

Abstract Model systems simulating the cementum portion of teeth were used to characterize the attachment process by which certain species of oral Cytophaga initiate the colonization of the tooth root surface in vitro. The adsorption of these bacteria to spheroidal hydroxyapatite beads and mechanically powdered root material followed Langmuir isotherm kinetics. From such data, the number of binding sites per 20 mg of substrate and the affinity constants were evaluated for two strains of Cytophaga sp. Resting cells of the two strains tested adhered relatively tenaciously to hydroxyapatite beads in numbers similar to those observed with cells of Streptococcus sanguis. Attachment of bacteria to the substrates was partially inhibited by (i) coating the substrates with human serum or saliva, (ii) pretreating cell suspensions with proteinase K or phospholipase C or D, or (iii) exposing the cells to temperatures greater than 60°C for 15 min. Treating resting cell suspensions with pronase, neuraminidase, phospholipase A2, or 0.1 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid had no effect on the attachment process.
Edmund D. Pellegrino Festschrift

This special issue of Theoretical Medicine honors Edmund D. Pellegrino, M.D. as a pioneer in the modern philosophy of medicine. His foresight, creativity, innovation, and scholarship are far-ranging and distinctive. A short synopsis of his achievements can only begin to honor this truly wonderful academician and friend.
North Atlantic climate book: a one-stop reference for a complicated subject

Marine Ecosystems and Climate Variation examines how the North Atlantic ecosystem responds to climate variability at population and community levels. Much of the book focuses on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the importance of physical processes in structuring ecosystem function and these recurring themes ensure that this multi-author document flows smoothly. The editors describe their goal of making ‘this [volume] an integrated book – not only a collection of papers’. To their credit, they have successfully woven together the work of more than 40 authors in 16 crisply focused chapters.
Introduction to the special issue: Implicit measures of consumer response—the search for the Holy Grail of marketing research

The advent of measures of implicit cognition provides marketing researchers with tools they can use to probe automatic processes that do not rely on conscious deliberation. Attempts by marketing researchers to probe unconscious or automatic processes underlying consumer attitudes and purchase decisions date back at least as far as the work of motivation researchers in the early to mid-twentieth century. These newer methods, principally the Implicit Association Test, emerged from work of psychologists concerned with studying implicit attitudes toward the self and social issues. These measures have more recently been applied to marketing studies of implicit attitudes of consumers toward particular brands and products. This special issue of Psychology & Marketing features contributions in which contemporary researchers in the field review applications of implicit measurement to consumer cognition, consumer persuasion, and nonverbal communication in the retailing context. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of nanoparticle-protein corona complex formation: analytical results from population balance equations

Background: Nanoparticle-protein corona complex formation involves absorption of protein molecules onto nanoparticle surfaces in a physiological environment. Understanding the corona formation process is crucial in predicting nanoparticle behavior in biological systems, including applications of nanotoxicology and development of nano drug delivery platforms. Method: This paper extends the modeling work in to derive a mathematical model describing the dynamics of nanoparticle corona complex formation from population balance equations. We apply nonlinear dynamics techniques to derive analytical results for the composition of nanoparticle-protein corona complex, and validate our results through numerical simulations. Results: The model presented in this paper exhibits two phases of corona complex dynamics. In the first phase, proteins rapidly bind to the free surface of nanoparticles, leading to a metastable composition. During the second phase, continuous association and dissociation of protein molecules with nanoparticles slowly changes the composition of the corona complex. Given sufficient time, composition of the corona complex reaches an equilibrium state of stable composition .W e find analytical approximate formulae for metastable and stable compositions of corona complex. Our formulae are very well-structured to clearly identify important parameters determining corona composition. Conclusion: The dynamics of biocorona formation constitute vital aspect of interactions between nanoparticles and living organisms. Our results further understanding of these dynamics through quantitation of experimental conditions, modeling results for in vitro systems to better predict behavior for in vivo systems. One potential application would involve a single cell culture medium related to a complex protein medium, such as blood or tissue fluid.