cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The implementation of industrial parks : some lessons learned in India

Industrial parks are as popular as they are controversial, in India and globally. At their best they align infrastructure provision and agglomeration economies to jolt industrial growth. More often, they generate negative spill-overs, provide handouts, sit empty, or simply do not get built. This paper disaggregates how parks are built and how they fail. It contextualizes parks in India, followed by a thick case study of an innovative scheme that appears to buck the trend. This performance is then explained by the way in which the scheme's design and action fits India's political economy. The paper concludes by considering how the analysis and the lessons learned might inform the design and implementation of industrial park programs and other public interventions, in India and elsewhere.
Filters with inductance cancellation using printed circuit board transformers

Capacitor parasitic inductance often limits the high-frequency performance of filters for power applications. However, these limitations can be overcome through the use of specially-coupled magnetic windings that effectively nullify the capacitor parasitic inductance. This paper explores the use of printed circuit board (PCB) transformers to realize parasitic inductance cancellation of filter capacitors. Design of such inductance cancellation transformers is explored, and applicable design rules are established and experimentally validated. The high performance of the proposed inductance cancellation technology is demonstrated in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter design.
Synthesis of Mono- and Difluoroacetyltrialkylsilanes and the Corresponding Enol Silyl Ethers

A variety of mono- and difluoroacetylsilanes and the corresponding silyl enol ethers were prepared from trifluoroethanol and chlorotrialkylsilanes in the presence of LDA through retro-Brook rearrangement. Sterically demanding silyl groups, especially those bound to oxygen, resulted in higher yields of difluoroacetylsilanes. The yields of difluoroacetylsilanes were also dramatically affected by the method of the termination of the reaction. Difluorohaloacetylsilanes were prepared from the corresponding difluoroethenyl silyl ethers with electrophilic halogenating reagents in good yields. A γ-fluorinated β-diketone 9a was prepared from monofluoroacetyltriisopropylsilane by nucleophilic acylation with methyl trifluoroacetate.
Lithium Thiophosphate Glasses and Glass–Ceramics as Solid Electrolytes: Processing, Microstructure, and Properties

Lithium solid electrolytes are of major interest for solid-state batteries and electrochemical capacitors (ECs). Currently, the material selection space of liquid electrolytes is dominated by lithium salts paired with organics. Improved safety, as well as the need for higher temperature and high voltage operation, opens up opportunities for glass and ceramic alternatives in these important solid-state energy storage technologies. Lithium thiophosphates in the family x Li2S + (1−x) P2S5 (mol fraction) possess room temperature ionic conductivities greater than 10−3(Ω-cm)-1 in crystallized x = 0.70 (almost the highest in inorganic solid-state electrolytes). Within this review article, we address recent progress made in this class of material. We consider the role of densification on the Li-ion conductivity, as well as our recent data on the effect of densification on the electrochemical properties of the system. We cover the processing techniques of mechanical milling and pressure-forming, discuss microstructure, bulk versus surface conduction, and device integration. The systematic improvement in ionic conductivity with increased density suggests that bulk conduction dominates surface conduction and demonstrates that dense, rather than porous, lithium thiophosphate solid electrolytes are important in the design of solid-state batteries and ECs.
Decent intersection and Tor-rigidity for modules over local hypersurfaces

First published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society in 2013, published by the American Mathematical Society. Also available electronically from http://www.ams.org/journals/tran/2013-365-06/S0002-9947-2012-05574-7/home.html
Inflationary universe: A possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems

The standard model of hot big-bang cosmology requires initial conditions which are problematic in two ways: (1) The early universe is assumed to be highly homogeneous, in spite of the fact that separated regions were causally disconnected (horizon problem); and (2) the initial value of the Hubble constant must be fine tuned to extraordinary accuracy to produce a universe as flat (i.e., near critical mass density) as the one we see today (flatness problem). These problems would disappear if, in its early history, the universe supercooled to temperatures 28 or more orders of magnitude below the critical temperature for some phase transition. A huge expansion factor would then result from a period of exponential growth, and the entropy of the universe would be multiplied by a huge factor when the latent heat is released. Such a scenario is completely natural in the context of grand unified models of elementary-particle interactions. In such models, the supercooling is also relevant to the problem of monopole suppression. Unfortunately, the scenario seems to lead to some unacceptable consequences, so modifications must be sought.
Reliability: Probabilistic Models and Statistical Methods

1. Introduction. 2. Coherent Systems Analysis. 3. Lifetime Distributions. 4. Parametric Lifetime Models. 5. Specialized Models. 6. Repairable Systems. 7. Lifetime Data Analysis. 8. Parametric Estimation for Models without Covariates. 9. Parametric Estimation for Models with Covariates. 10. Nonparametric Methods and Model Adequacy.
Reconstructing spatiotemporal gene expression data from partial observations

Motivation: Developmental transcriptional networks in plants and animals operate in both space and time. To understand these transcriptional networks it is essential to obtain whole-genome expression data at high spatiotemporal resolution. Substantial amounts of spatial and temporal microarray expression data previously have been obtained for the Arabidopsis root; however, these two dimensions of data have not been integrated thoroughly. Complicating this integration is the fact that these data are heterogeneous and incomplete, with observed expression levels representing complex spatial or temporal mixtures. Results: Given these partial observations, we present a novel method for reconstructing integrated high-resolution spatiotemporal data. Our method is based on a new iterative algorithm for finding approximate roots to systems of bilinear equations. Availability: Source code for solving bilinear equations is available at http://math.berkeley.edu/~dustin/bilinear/. Visualizations of reconstructed patterns on a schematic Arabidopsis root are available at http://www.arexdb.org/. Contact: dustin@math.berkeley.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Observations of T Tauri Disks at Sub-AU Radii: Implications for Magnetospheric Accretion and Planet Formation

We determine inner disk sizes and temperatures for four solar-type (1-2 M?) classical T Tauri stars, AS 207A, V2508 Oph, AS 205A, and PX Vul, using 2.2 ?m observations from the Keck Interferometer. Nearly contemporaneous near-IR adaptive optics imaging photometry, optical photometry, and high-dispersion optical spectroscopy are used to distinguish contributions from the inner disks and central stars in the interferometric observations. In addition, the spectroscopic and photometric data provide estimates of stellar properties, mass accretion rates, and disk corotation radii. We model our interferometric and photometric data in the context of geometrically flat accretion disk models with inner holes, and flared disks with puffed-up inner walls. Models incorporating puffed-up inner disk walls generally provide better fits to the data, similar to previous results for higher mass Herbig Ae stars. Our measured inner disk sizes are larger than disk truncation radii predicted by magnetospheric accretion models, with larger discrepancies for sources with higher mass accretion rates. We suggest that our measured sizes correspond to dust sublimation radii, and that optically thin gaseous material may extend farther inward to the magnetospheric truncation radii. Finally, our inner disk measurements constrain the location of terrestrial planet formation as well as potential mechanisms for halting giant planet migration.
On the robustness of the trade-inducing effects of trade agreements and currency unions

Regional trade agreements (RTAs) and currency unions (CUs) are potentially endogenous trade cost proxies in equations estimating their effects on bilateral trade. In case of both, this problem is magnified by the paucity of reliable instruments. Instead of resorting to the oft-employed alternative of panel data to address selection on just the time-invariant unobservables, this paper assesses the extent to which a positive association between CU or RTA membership and bilateral trade can be considered causal. In addition, it attends to recent concerns over the extensive margin of trade (at the country-level) and the issue of zero trade observations in log-linearized gravity models by relying more on a bivariate probit analysis. Despite not identifying point estimates, striking results are obtained. While most cross-sections exhibit a positive association between both RTAs and CUs and trade, the evidence in favor of a robust causal effect is strong mainly for CUs. However, the magnitude of the CU effect is still sensitive to the amount of selection on unobservables. Moreover, selection into RTAs (CUs) is mostly found to be positive (negative). Finally, the presence of spillovers across the policy regimes is also detected.
Converting sets of polygons to manifold surfaces by cutting and stitching

Many real-world polygonal surfaces contain topological singularies that represent a challenge for processes such as simplification, compression, smoothing, etc. We present an algorithm for removing such singularities, thus converting non-manifold sets of polygons to manifold polygonal surfaces (orientable if necessary). We identify singular vertices and edges, multiply singular vertices, and cut through singular edges. In an optional stitching phase, we join surface boundary edges that were cut, or whose endpoints are sufficiently close, while guaranteeing that the surface is a manifold. We study two different stitching strategies called ”edge pinching” and ”edge snapping”; when snapping, special care is required to avoid re-creating singularities. The algorithm manipulates the polygon vertex indices (surface topology) and essentially ignores vertex coordinates (surface geometry). Except for the optional stitching, the algorithm has a linear complexity in the number of vertices edges and faces, and require no floating point operation. Key-words : Polygonal Surface, Manifold, Cutting, Stitching.
An Efficient, Microwave-Assisted, One-Pot Synthesis of Indoles Under Sonogashira Conditions

A microwave-assisted, one-pot, three-component coupling reaction for the synthesis of indoles has been developed. The reaction is carried out in two steps under standard Sonogashira coupling conditions from an N-substituted/N,N-disubstituted 2-iodoaniline and a terminal alkyne, followed by the addition of acetonitrile and an aryl iodide. A variety of polysubstituted indoles have been prepared in moderate to excellent yields using the present method.
Light hadron spectroscopy

I review the progress that has been made in light hadron spectroscopy from lattice QCD, since the LATTICE'94 conference in Bielefeld.
A spectral clustering approach to validating sensors via their peers in distributed sensor networks

In a distributed sensor network, the goodness of a sensor may change according to its current device status (e.g. health of hardware) and environment (e.g. wireless reception conditions at the sensor location). As a result, it is often necessary to validate periodically sensors in the field, in order to identify those which no longer work properly and eliminate them from applications' use. In this paper, we describe a spectral clustering approach of using peer sensors to identify these bad sensors. Using a simple model problem, we describe how our sensor validation method works and demonstrate its performance in simulation.
Magnetic Nanostructures as Amplifiers of Transverse Fields in Magnetic Resonance

We introduce the concept of amplifying the transverse magnetic fields produced and/or detected with inductive coils in magnetic resonance settings by using the reversible transverse susceptibility properties of magnetic nanostructures. When a large magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the nanoparticle long axis, the particle becomes very sensitive to the perpendicular small AC field. This is advantageous for magnetic resonance detection, where one needs to amplify the signal in the presence of a large DC field. We have tested this property of nanoparticles up to 3MHz, and do not see (or expect) any variation up to frequencies of several giga-Hertz, which is beyond any reasonable nuclear magnetic resonance detection. transverse field amplification by magnetic nanoparticles provides not just an improvement in detection sensitivity, but also in magnetic resonance imaging resolution. Since the nanoparticle can in principle be only 5-10 nanometers in size, equivalent imaging spatial resolution would also be possible.
Data fusion system engineering

The paper reports on methods for the cost-effective development and integration of multi-sensor fusion technology. The methods presented extend the Project Correlation Data Fusion Engineering Guidelines with significant evolution. The key new insight is in formulating the system engineering process as a resource management problem; allowing the application of the Bowman's model of the duality between data fusion and resource management.
Promoting Social Competence and Peer Relationships for Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorders

This article addresses some of the key considerations and complexities associated with intervening to address social competence and peer relationships of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in middle and high school settings. First, we provide a brief overview of the social context during adolescence for all students. Next, we highlight particular challenges for adolescents with ASD. Then, we discuss potential school-based intervention pathways that appear particularly responsive to these contexts and challenges. Finally, we offer several recommendations for research and practice aimed at improving the social competence and connections of young people with ASD—during high school and into early adulthood.
Home Away from Home: Collaborative Research Networks and Interdisciplinary Socio-Legal Scholarship*

Interdisciplinary research has long been suspect within the disciplines. Because the disciplines control recruitment, tenure, and promotion, it is difficult for interdisciplinary scholarship to gain traction in the academic world. Within socio-legal scholarship, the Law and Society Association has been instrumental in fostering interdisciplinary and, more recently, transnational research. The association's latest and certainly one of its most promising interdisciplinary and international initiatives is the creation of Collaborative Research Networks (CRNs). These CRNs, while of relatively recent origin, have already contributed impressively. On the one hand, they have established structures and processes that provide opportunities, training, and rewards for interdisciplinary scholars. On the other hand, the CRNs have demonstrated the multiplicity of ways in which socio-legal scholarship can bring all manner of research tools to bear on topics that cross disciplinary and national boundaries—incorporating t...
High resolution imaging of in vivo cardiac dynamics using color Doppler optical coherence tomography.

Color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) is a noninvasive technique for simultaneous high spatial resolution (~20 μm) imaging and high velocity resolution (~500 μm/s) imaging flowmetry in living tissues. In this paper, we demonstrate a reconstruction method which overcomes fundamental limitations on Doppler flow mapping associated with both high- and low-speed imaging. This algorithm is successful in retaining the high velocity resolution of CDOCT while eliminating motion artifact caused by slow image acquisition in samples which exhibit repetitive motion. We demonstrate reconstruction of blood flow throughout a beating Xenopus laevis heart and surrounding vasculature using gated CDOCT reconstruction.
Guidelines for credentialing of practitioners to perform endovascular stent-grafting of the thoracic aorta.

Recent innovations in endovascular grafting technologyhave made the endovascular treatment of thoracic aorticaneurysm, dissection, and other thoracic aortic diseases aviable alternative to open surgical repair. Like many newsurgical procedures, thoracic endovascular stent-graftingpresents challenges to physicians who care for patientswith thoracic aortic disease. When new surgical proce-dures are introduced, the pressure for rapid adoption canlead to deviations from the fundamental principles ofphysician education and training and from the estab-lished indications for operative intervention. These devi-ations may compromise the quality and safety of patientcare.As with any surgical procedure, appropriate manage-ment of the speciﬁc underlying disease process involvesseveral distinct but interrelated components. First and fore-most, the involved physicians must possess a broad under-standing of the disease entity. Second, they must possessknowledge of, and expertise in, all of the available thera-peutic options, including, but not limited to, the new tech-nique that is being applied. They must be able to care forthe treated patients in the post-procedural period and todeal with the potential complications of a speciﬁc therapy.Third, they must receive technique-speciﬁc training. Toenable physicians to meet these basic requirements forthoracic endovascular grafting procedures and to becomecredentialed to perform them, speciﬁc criteria for all threeof these categories must be established.
Profit Sharing and the Role of Professional Partnerships

When it is hard to assess service quality, firms will suboptimally hire low ability workers. We show that organizing as a profit-sharing partnership can alleviate these problems. Our theory explains the relative scarcity of partnerships outside of professional service industries such as law, accounting, medicine, investment banking, architecture, advertising, and consulting. It also sheds light on features of partnerships such as up-or-out promotion systems, the use of noncompete clauses, and recent trends in professional service industries.
Environmental Regulation and Industry Dynamics

We examine the effect of more stringent environmental regulation on the dynamic structure of a deterministic competitive industry with endogenous entry and exit where firms invest in reduction of their future compliance cost. The level of regulation is exogenously fixed and constant over time. The compliance cost of a firm at each point of time depends on its current output, its accumulated past investment and the level of regulation. We outline sufficient conditions under which industries with more stringent regulation are associated with higher investment in compliance cost reduction and higher shake-out of firms over time; the opposite may be true under certain circumstances. Our analysis indicates that the effect of a change in regulation on market structure may be lagged over time.
Converting pairing-based cryptosystems from composite-order groups to prime-order groups

We develop an abstract framework that encompasses the key properties of bilinear groups of composite order that are required to construct secure pairing-based cryptosystems, and we show how to use prime-order elliptic curve groups to construct bilinear groups with the same properties. In particular, we define a generalized version of the subgroup decision problem and give explicit constructions of bilinear groups in which the generalized subgroup decision assumption follows from the decision Diffie-Hellman assumption, the decision linear assumption, and/or related assumptions in prime-order groups. We apply our framework and our prime-order group constructions to create more efficient versions of cryptosystems that originally required composite-order groups. Specifically, we consider the Boneh-Goh-Nissim encryption scheme, the Boneh-Sahai-Waters traitor tracing system, and the Katz-Sahai-Waters attribute-based encryption scheme. We give a security theorem for the prime-order group instantiation of each system, using assumptions of comparable complexity to those used in the composite-order setting. Our conversion of the last two systems to prime-order groups answers a problem posed by Groth and Sahai.
Process Research and Large-Scale Synthesis of a Novel 5,6-Dihydro-(9H)-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine PDE-IV Inhibitor

An efficient synthesis of the PDE IV inhibitor, 9H-cyclopentyl-7-ethyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-1,2,4-triazolo-5,6-dihydro-[4,3-a]pyridine 1 is described. Starting from commercially available γ-caprolactone, the synthesis was carried out in 10 steps. Key transformations were the selective O-methylation of diketone, 3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-4-propionyl-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyridin-2-one, with dimethyl sulfate and cesium carbonate in dimethylformamide, a one-pot pyrazole formation with subsequent acidic deprotection to provide lactam, 1-cyclopentyl-3-ethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridin-7-one, and finally the utilization of imidate, 1-cyclopentyl-7-ethoxy-3-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine for the introduction of the triazole moiety. This process avoided the use of harsh reaction conditions, undesirable reagents and overcame the environmental concerns in the original synthesis.
Construction des liens et continuité des soins à l’adolescence

Resume Si l’adolescence normale se caracterise par une transformation des liens, l’adolescence pathologique peut se comprendre comme un echec partiel ou plus global des capacites de transformation de ces liens bien ou moins bien etablis au cours de l’enfance. Les soins qui en decoulent necessitent de prendre en compte cette maniere de definir la pathologie a cet âge et bien evidemment de ne pas, de facon iatrogene, renforcer par une discontinuite des soins, l’echec de la transformation de ces liens.
Finite Quantum Dynamics

We decontract the quantum harmonic oscillator dynamics to obtain a covariant finite quantum dynamics in quantum time. The usual central (“superselection”) time results from a condensation of events. Dynamics results from an entanglement of the oscillator quantum variables with the quantum time variable. Unitarity necessarily fails, slightly for middle times but grossly near the beginning and end of time. Time and energy interconvert during space-time meltdown, at a rate governed by a regulant like the Planck power.
Convex projective structures on Gromov–Thurston manifolds

We consider Gromov–Thurston examples of negatively curved n-manifolds which do not admit metrics of constant sectional curvature. We show that for each n ≥ 4 some of the Gromov–Thurston manifolds admit strictly convex real–projective structures.
Robust Intervention in Probabilistic Boolean Networks

Probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) have been recently introduced as a paradigm for modeling genetic regulatory networks. One of the objectives of PBN modeling is to use the network for the design and analysis of intervention strategies aimed at moving the network out of undesirable states, such as those associated with disease, and into desirable ones. To date, a number of intervention strategies have been proposed in the context of Probabilistic Boolean networks. However, all these techniques assume perfect knowledge of the transition probability matrix of the PBN. Such an assumption cannot be satisfied in practice since the presence of noise and the availability of limited number of samples will prevent the transition probabilities from being accurately determined. Moreover, even if the exact transition probabilities could be estimated from the data, mismatch between the PBN model and the actual genetic regulatory network will invariably be present. In this paper, we develop a robust intervention strategy that is obtained by minimizing the worst-case cost over the uncertainties in the entries of the transition probability matrix.
Testing the Scalability of Overlay Routing Infrastructures

Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of alternate paths in improving connectivity of two end hosts. However studies that comprehensively evaluate the tradeoff between its effectiveness and overhead are lacking. In this paper we carefully characterize and evaluate the trade-off between (1) the efficacies of alternate path routing in improving end-to-end delay and loss, and (2) the overheads introduced by alternate routing methodology. This would help us to test the scalability of an overlay network.
Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Reactions of [60]Fullerene with Triethylamine

Fullerene molecules undergo efficient photochemical reactions with tertiary amines to form complex mixtures of addition products. The separation and identification of several monoadducts from photochemical reactions of C60 with triethylamine under different experimental conditions are reported. According to molecular spectroscopic results, the photoaddition of triethylamine to C60 is initiated via photoinduced electron transfer between the excited singlet C60 and the amine, similar to photochemical reactions of conventional aromatic molecules with tertiary amines. However, the reaction products with fullerene are completely different. Mechanistic implications of the results are discussed.
Development of a MODEL superconducting helical undulator for the ILC positron source

The helical undulator for the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) positron source requires high-permeability steel poles and superconducting coils to meet the ILC parameters. A short-model undulator with a period of 14 mm was designed, fabricated including high-permeability steel poles, and tested in LHe. The ends of the model were designed to wind the Nb3Sn double helix without any conductor joints. After a few quenches in the first excitation test, the current density in the coil reached 1.28 kA/mm2, which was approximately 90% of the estimated short-sample critical current density. The periodic on-axis fields were mapped at two azimuth angles. Excluding the end fields, the standard deviation of the field amplitudes and higher harmonic coefficients for the periodic field were less than 7times10-3 and 5times10-3, respectively.
The Reverse Auction: A New Approach to Experimental Auction Valuation

I propose an alternative approach to auction valuation in which participants indicate the quantity they wish to buy at a series of prices, with the understanding that one will be randomly chosen as the binding price. This technique allows researchers to estimate entire demand curves as well as own-price elasticities. (JEL: C91, C93, D44)
The General Internist

Although general internists recognize the medical complications arisingfrom alcohol abuse, they may be less familiar with its social andpsychological consequences or with methods for its treatment. Because internists are the only physicians some patients see, they must be prepared to diagnose and take part in the treatment of alcoholproblm.
A Buoyancy-Driven Compact Thermocycler for Rapid PCR

The authors have designed a novel convective flow-based thermocycling system capable of performing high-speed DNA amplification via the polymerase chain reaction in a simplified and inexpensive format. Successful amplification of a 191 bp influenza-A target is demonstrated within 25 minutes using a 10 μL reaction volume with no modification to standard laboratory protocols. The system is simple to assemble and can be readily integrated with existing laboratory instrumentation for automated operation.
Modal and Nodal EHD Analysis for Gas Journal Bearings

This paper presents a novel finite element elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis appropriate for gas journal bearings under dynamic conditions. The method employs gas pressure as a state variable, and structural sleeve deformation is represented by a linear combination of preselected mode shapes obtained from a related eigenvalue problem. The method takes into account temporal variation of journal position and velocity, and second-order slip flow boundary effects are included at no additional computational cost. The formulation is subsequently applied to a particular example (flexible large-aspect ratio, high-speed, MEMS-scale journal microbearing), where it is shown that a judicious choice of structural sleeve elasticity can significantly improve bearing performance (as measured by pressure distribution and load capacity) when compared with results obtained using rigid bearing surfaces.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck Reaction of Aryl Sulfonates and Chlorides with Electronically Unbiased Terminal Olefins: High Selectivity for Branched Products

Achieving high selectivity in the Heck reaction of electronically unbiased alkenes has been a longstanding challenge. Using a nickel-catalyzed cationic Heck reaction, we were able to achieve excellent selectivity for branched products (≥19:1 in all cases) over a wide range of aryl electrophiles and aliphatic olefins. A bidentate ligand with a suitable bite angle and steric profile was key to obtaining high branched/linear selectivity, whereas the appropriate base suppressed alkene isomerization of the product. Although aryl triflates are traditionally used to access the cationic Heck pathway, we have shown that, by using triethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, we can effect a counterion exchange of the catalytic nickel complex, such that cheaper and more stable aryl chlorides, mesylates, tosylates, and sulfamates can be used to yield the same branched products with high selectivity.
Large-N baryons, chiral loops, and the emergence of the constituent quark☆

Abstract Meson loop corrections to baryon axial currents are computed in the 1 N expansion. It is already known that the one-loop corrections are suppressed by a factor 1 N ; here it is shown that the two-loop corrections are suppressed by 1 N 2 . To leading order, these corrections are exactly what would be calculated in the constituent quark model. Some applications are discussed.
M-TYPE VEGA-LIKE STARS

We carried out a search for M-type Vega-like stars by correlating the IRAS Faint Source Catalog with Hipparcos-selected M-type stars. Three stars with apparent IRAS 25 μm excess emission are shown instead to be non–IR-excess stars from ground-based 11.7 and 17.9 μm photometry. Two stars previously suggested to have Vega-like mid-IR excess are also shown to be nonexcess stars. These results imply that other suggested mid–IR-excess stars in the literature may also be false excess stars. Detection threshold bias is apparently responsible for these bogus IR excesses. Sixty micron excess emission from a previously known M-type Vega-like star (GJ 803) is identified again.
Economies of scale in banking, indeterminacy, and monetary policy

This paper investigates economies of scale (ES) in financial intermediation as a source of equilibrium indeterminacy. Consumption in the model can be purchased with currency and deposits, and ES in intermediation implies that deposit costs are decreasing in aggregate deposits. The results suggest that indeterminacy does not depend on a large degree of ES nor a large intermediation sector, but on monetary policy and the determination of nominal interest rates. Monetary policies not targeting nominal rates allow for indeterminacy to arise for any degree of ES, while policies targeting nominal rates eliminates indeterminacy for all degrees of ES.
Now Broadcasting in Planck Definition

If reality has finite information content, space has finite fidelity. The quantum wave function that encodes spatial relationships may be limited to information that can be transmitted in a “Planck broadcast”, with a bandwidth given by the inverse of the Planck time, about \(2\times 10^{43}\) bit/s. Such a quantum system can resemble classical space-time on large scales, but locality emerges only gradually and imperfectly. Massive bodies are never perfectly at rest, but very slightly and slowly fluctuate in transverse position, with a spectrum of variation given by the Planck time. This distinctive new kind of noise associated with quantum geometry would not have been noticed up to now, but may be detectable in a new kind of experiment.
Join-graph propagation algorithms

The paper investigates parameterized approximate message-passing schemes that are based on bounded inference and are inspired by Pearl's belief propagation algorithm (BP). We start with the bounded inference mini-clustering algorithm and then move to the iterative scheme called Iterative Join-Graph Propagation (IJGP), that combines both iteration and bounded inference. Algorithm IJGP belongs to the class of Generalized Belief Propagation algorithms, a framework that allowed connections with approximate algorithms from statistical physics and is shown empirically to surpass the performance of mini-clustering and belief propagation, as well as a number of other state-of-the-art algorithms on several classes of networks. We also provide insight into the accuracy of iterative BP and IJGP by relating these algorithms to well known classes of constraint propagation schemes
Terrorism Insurance: Rethinking the Government's Role

Following a major terrorist attack, private providers of terrorism insurance often cease providing this coverage. As a result, the governments in developed countries around the world now provide some form of support to their terrorism insurance markets. This paper considers several questions regarding the private market failure and the resulting government intervention: Why do private markets for terrorism insurance fail? Given the failure, what is the optimal form of government intervention? And, what would be the likely economic ramifications if a government chose not to intervene? The paper’s discussion of these questions focuses on the 9/11 attacks on the United States, and on the 2002 Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) and its 2005 extension (TRIAE). The paper argues that government support for the terrorism insurance market should be priced based on the expected cost of the support provided. The paper also argues that such support should generally be temporary, with a sunset as the private market recovers. A specific proposal is that the government intervention take the form of loans to the affected insurance companies, similar to the manner that central banks provide loans to banks facing temporary liquidity crises.
Homoazulene electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Parallels to the chemistry of azulene

Abstract Homoazulene (1), like azulene (2), undergoes Friedel-Crafts acylation under exceptionally mild conditions (no Lewis acid) and exhibits the same site-selectivity as azulene; sequential disubstitution takes place exclusively at the α- and α′-positions in the smaller ring.
Overlapping generations and idiosyncratic risk: Can prices reveal the best policy?

Abstract Incomplete markets in overlapping generations leave room for Pareto improvement. We analyze a model with two goods and idiosyncratic shocks. We compare market equilibrium with the constrained efficient equilibrium allocation and demonstrate that, when shocks are symmetric and do not affect all goods, prescription of the optimal policy depends exclusively on information about relative prices. This policy, based on lump sum transfers of a nominal asset, changes the rate of return on savings, inducing new choices of consumption and new equilibrium prices. When shocks affect all goods, however, relative prices are not sufficient information for the policy prescription. The magnitude of the shocks and of the equilibrium levels of consumption become important as well.
The cost of crop damage caused by ozone air pollution from motor vehicles

Abstract The effects of ozone air pollution on the agricultural sector are an important environmental challenge facing policy makers. Most studies of the economic impact of air pollution on agriculture have found that a 25% reduction in ambient ozone would provide benefits of at least $1–2 billion annually in the United States. This paper extends existing research by estimating the benefits of a reduction in emissions from a major source of ozone formation: motor-vehicle emissions. An agricultural production model is combined with an analysis of motor-vehicle emissions and air quality to estimate the impacts of emissions from six different motor-vehicle classes, at both the regional and national level. The benefits to the agricultural sector from completely eliminating ozone precursor emissions from motor vehicles ranges between $3·5 and $6·1 billion annually.
SAT-based Induction for Temporal Safety Properties

The work presented in this paper addresses the challenge of fully verifying complex temporal properties on large RTL designs. Windowed induction has been proposed by Sheeran, Singh, and Stalmarck as a technique augmenting Bounded Model Checking for unbounded verification of safety properties. While induction proved to be quite effective for combinational properties, the case of temporal properties was not handled by previously known methods. We introduce explicit induction, a new induction scheme targeted to temporal properties, and to interactive development of inductive proofs. The innovative idea in explicit induction is to make the induction scheme an explicit part of the specification, where it can be easily controlled, using a highly expressive language like ForSpec. We show how explicit induction was implemented with minor modifications in the ForSpec compiler and in Thunder, a bounded model checker. Finally, we describe how explicit induction was used for verifying large control circuits with extensive feedback in the PentiumTM4 processor. The circuits verified by explicit induction are orders of magnitude larger than those verifiable by traditional model checking approaches.
Tectonics of sedimentary basins

Simultaneous breakthroughs in our understanding of plate-tectonic processes, depositional systems, subsidence mechanisms, chronostratigraphy, and basin-exploration methods have resulted in rapidly improving actualistic models for sedimentary basins. Basin analysis has become a true science with the development of quantitatively testable models based on modern basins of known plate-tectonic setting. Major subdivisions of basin settings include divergent, convergent, transform, and hybrid; 23 basin categories occur within these settings. Basins are classified according to primary plate-tectonic controls on basin evolution: (1) type of sub-stratum, (2) proximity to plate boundary, and (3) type of nearest plate boundary(s). Sedimentary basins subside primarily owing to (1) attenuation of crust as a result of stretching and erosion, (2) contraction of lithosphere during cooling, and (3) depression of lithosphere by sedimentary and tectonic loads. The first two processes dominate in most divergent settings, whereas the third process dominates in most convergent settings. Intraplate, transform, and hybrid settings experience complex combinations of processes. Several basin types have low preservation potential, as predicted by their susceptibilities to erosion and uplift during orogeny and as confirmed by their scarcity in the very ancient record. Key references concerning actualistic plate-tectonic models for each type of basin form the basis for reviewing the present state of the science. The key references come from many sources, with diverse authorship, including several publications of the Geological Society of America. The further development and refinement of actualistic basin models will lead to improved testable paleotectonic reconstructions.
Posterior parietal cortex activity predicts individual differences in visual short-term memory capacity

Humans show a severe capacity limit in the number of objects they can store in visual short-term memory (VSTM). We recently demonstrated with functional magnetic resonance imaging that VSTM storage capacity estimated in averaged group data correlated strongly with posterior parietal/superior occipital cortex activity (Todd & Marois, 2004). However, individuals varied widely in their VSTM capacity. Here, we examined the neural basis of these individual differences. A voxelwise, individualdifferences analysis revealed a significant correlation between posterior parietal cortex (PPC) activity and individuals’ VSTM storage capacity. In addition, a region-of-interest analysis indicated that other brain regions, particularly visual occipital cortex, may contribute to individual differences in VSTM capacity. Thus, although not ruling out contributions from other brain regions, the individual-differences approach supports a key role for the PPC in VSTM by demonstrating that its activity level predicts individual differences in VSTM storage capacity.
On the Number of Distinct Values of a Class of Functions with Finite Domain

By relating the number of images of a function with finite domain to a certain parameter, we obtain both an upper and lower bound for the image set. Even though the arguments are elementary, the bounds are, in some sense, best possible. These bounds are then applied in several contexts. In particular, we obtain the first non-trivial upper bound for the image set of a planar function over a finite field.
Natural tuning: towards a proof of concept

The cosmological constant problem and the absence of new natural physics at the electroweak scale, if confirmed by the LHC, may either indicate that the nature is fine-tuned or that a refined notion of naturalness is required. We construct a family of toy UV complete quantum theories providing a proof of concept for the second possibility. Low energy physics is described by a tuned effective field theory, which exhibits relevant interactions not protected by any symmetries and separated by an arbitrary large mass gap from the new “gravitational” physics, represented by a set of irrelevant operators. Nevertheless, the only available language to describe dynamics at all energy scales does not require any fine-tuning. The interesting novel feature of this construction is that UV physics is not described by a fixed point, but rather exhibits asymptotic fragility. Observation of additional unprotected scalars at the LHC would be a smoking gun for this scenario. Natural tuning also favors TeV scale unification.
Formal specification of geographic data processing requirements

A formal foundation for the specification of geographic data processing (GDP) requirements is established. Emphasis is on modeling data and knowledge requirements rather than processing needs. A subset of first-order logic is proposed as the principal means for constructing formalizations of the GDP requirements in a manner that is independent of the data representation. Requirements executability is achieved by selecting a subset of logic, compatible with the inference mechanisms available in Prolog. Concepts with GDP significance such as time, space, and accuracy are added for the formalization without losing Prolog implementability or separation of concerns. Rules of reasoning about time, space, and accuracy can be compactly stated in a subset of second-order predicate calculus and can be easily modified to meet the particular needs of a specific application. The feasibility of the approach is established with the aid of a prototype implementation of the formalism in Prolog. The implementation also provides the means for the graphical rendering of logical information on a high-resolution color display. >
Prediction of Heat Transfer Characteristics for Discrete Hole Film Cooling for Turbine Blade Applications

A two-dimensional (2-D) injection model is used with a 2-D low Reynold’s number k-e model boundary layer code. The three-dimensional effects of the discrete hole injection process is introduced in the 2-D prediction scheme through an “entrainment fraction” (T). An established correlation between T and the injection parameters obtained in a previous paper is used to predict the film cooling effectiveness (η) and heat transfer coefficients for multirow injection, injection into a laminar boundary layer and finally injection on convex curved surfaces. Predictions of η are in good agreement with experimental data for most of the cases tested. Predictions of Stanton numbers defined by St(0) and St(1) are good for low injection ratios (M) but as M increases the values are underpredicted. In spite of some shortcomings, in the authors’ opinion the present 2-D prediction scheme is one of the most comprehensive developed so far. It is seen that the entrainment fraction T is quite universal in its application to 2-D predictions of the discrete hole film cooling process.Copyright © 1989 by ASME
Modeling Interdependent Participation Incentives: Dynamics of a Voluntary Livestock Disease Control Program

With focus on seedstock herds selling replacements and a qualified class of diseases, this paper models producers' interdependent incentives to participate in a voluntary livestock disease control programme. Under strategic complementarity among participation decisions, momentum can build such that market premium for participation and participation rate increase sequentially. Non-participation, partial participation and full participation can all be Nash equilibria. Participation cost heterogeneity will dispose the outcome towards incomplete participation. We find plausible conditions under which temporary government subsidies cause tipping towards full participation. Applying parameters from the literature on Johne's disease, we illustrate factors that may affect participation.
Perspectives on Computational Organic Chemistry

The author reviews how his early love for theoretical organic chemistry led to experimental research and the extended search for quantitative correlations between experiment and quantum calculations. The experimental work led to ion pair acidities of alkali-organic compounds and most recently to equilibria and reactions of lithium and cesium enolates in THF. This chemistry is now being modeled by ab initio calculations. An important consideration is the treatment of solvation in which coordination of the alkali cation with the ether solvent plays a major role.
Rhodium-catalyzed regioselective opening of vinyl epoxides with Et3N·3HF reagent – formation of allylic fluorohydrins

A highly regioselective rhodium-catalyzed ring-opening of vinyl epoxides with Et3N·3HF reagent to form branched allylic fluorohydrins is described. The reaction occurs at room temperature under ambient air and relies on RhCOD2BF4 as an effective catalyst, providing the desired 1,2-addition allylic fluorohydrins in moderate to good yields with excellent levels of regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the regioselective ring-opening of enantiopure vinyl epoxide occurs with inversion of stereochemistry.
Cross-linguistic variation and the Present Perfect : the case of Portuguese

The Present Perfect in Portuguese has the curious property of forcing iteration of the eventuality described. This paper proposes an account of the iterativity in terms of selectional restrictions of the Present Tense and independent properties of the Perfect and argues against the account of Giorgi and Pianesi (1997) in which the Portuguese Present Perfect is treated as a complex of two main verbs.