cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family crisis care.

By examining aspects of the family crisis care program in the Newborn Special Care Unit at Yale-New Haven Hospital, an illustration is made of one approach to utilizing the theory of crisis intervention in the development of a family oriented program of preventive intervention. The elements reviewed are adaptable as a framework for initiating such a program or as a reference for assessing programs now under development in other perinatal centers.
Racialized classroom practices in a diverse Amsterdam primary school: the silencing, disparagement, and discipline of students of color

AbstractIn both Europe and the US, racial and ethnic minority students experience discrimination at the hands of teachers that negatively impacts academic achievement. In the US, scholars have documented how a predominantly white teaching force racializes students of color through discipline and low expectations, which impact educational attainment. But in Europe, the denial of race’s existence hinders research regarding structural explanations for minority educational inequality and often explains low educational attainment as a function of cultural differences. Examining classroom practices in a diverse Amsterdam primary school, this article documents racializing mechanisms that found minority students disproportionately disparaged, disciplined, and silenced. In addition, many were students under-recommended to higher level secondary school tracks. These findings reveal that Dutch schools are not racially meritocratic institutions and are relevant for scholars in the Netherlands and all other nations wi...
CFHMM: Heterogeneous Tumor CNV Classification by Hidden Markov

We here develop and implement a Clonal Fraction Hidden Markov Model (CFHMM), to leverage positional information in classifying Tumor CNVs and their corresponding clonal fraction from log-ratio-normalized Tumor/Normal sequencing data. In simulated data, this approach shows accurate calling of CNVs for high-fraction mutations, and improvement in calling over a naive clustering benchmark across the board, as well as useful purity estimation for dominant clones.
Unlucky versus coincidence: dual hepato-pancreatico biliary diagnoses in a six-year-old

We describe a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor presenting as a head of pancreas mass in a six-year-old girl. The etiology of such lesions is elusive, with a poorly understood malignant potential. One hypothesis is that they occur in areas of inflammation and trauma. The tumor occurred two years after this same patient had a Type I choledochal cyst excised with Roux-En-Y hepaticojejunostomy.
POLICY CHANGE INCH BY INCH: POLICY ENTREPRENEURS IN THE HOLY BASIN OF JERUSALEM

Facing barriers to change, policy entrepreneurs often shift their activities to a more favourable venue. In the new venue they either pressure the system from the outside, leading to policy punctuation, or make incremental changes within the existing system which over time will accumulate to a significant change in the status quo. This article aims to expand our understanding of policy entrepreneurs' role in the policy process by examining the strategies they use in the incremental path. Specifically, it focuses on one gradual change strategy, conversion – redirection of existing institutions to new purposes. Based on the case of policy entrepreneurs in the Holy Basin of Jerusalem, the findings indicate that when the entrepreneurs shift the venue to the bureaucracy they can establish cooperative relations with the government that will provide them with the needed capacities to exploit the gaps in the existing rules and redirect them to serve their aim.
Translocal assemblage and the practice of alternative media toward racial justice: a pedagogical perspective

ABSTRACTThere is a growing cultural and social movement among youth who draw on spoken word poetry and documentary style videos to participate in the new media landscape. Many multimedia poems have appeared on social media sites such as YouTube and Vimeo as a form of participatory politics. In this article, the author takes up a discussion of translocal practices and ‘translocal assemblage’ wherein individuals and groups engage in the exchange of ideas across space and time. One example is a multimedia poem about the underrepresentation and invisibility of racialized minority students at a major American university. This viral multimedia poem remixed elsewhere based on students’ experiences at another university demonstrates not only the potential of translocal assemblage in participatory politics but also the practice of alternative media in the movement toward racial justice. That is, young people are finding civic resources and building on each other’s work to challenge the social order. Pedagogically,...
Malignant transformation of biliary adenofibroma: A rare biliary cystic tumor

Biliary adenofibromas (BAFs) are rare, benign biliary cystic tumors with potential for malignant transformation. Of the eleven prior cases of BAF reported in the literature, six showed evidence of malignant transformation. We describe the clinical, imaging and pathology features of two cases of malignant BAF and review the existing literature to raise awareness of this entity and provide additional tools for diagnosing this rare tumor Additionally, we identified a loss of function mutation in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) tumor suppressor gene in a malignant caudate lobe BAF, thereby providing potential insight into the molecular pathogenesis of BAF malignant transformation. Although additional cases and longer-term follow-up are needed, our cases suggest that recurrence or metastasis of malignant BAF is not common and that complete surgical resection can be curative.
QEEG Training Module

The goal of this chapter is to provide a training module for residents, neurophysiology fellows, neurocritical care fellows, nurses, EEG technologists, and any other non-neurophysiologists interested in evaluating bedside quantitative EEG (QEEG). Due to the increasing utilization of continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring in intensive care units (ICUs), large volumes of EEG data are being generated. To assist with evaluation of large amounts of cEEG data, QEEG software programs are frequently employed. While raw EEG interpretation is performed by neurophysiologists, QEEG software provides a compressed and simplified view of the raw EEG signals, potentially allowing for evaluation by non-neurophysiologists. QEEG software can be seen running at the bedside in many ICUs. This chapter will be limited to the basics of QEEG trends for seizure recognition and artifact recognition. While there is ongoing research evaluating the performance of QEEG for other purposes (ischemia detection, evaluation of depth of burst suppression, prognosis in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, etc.), the majority of current clinical QEEG utilization is for seizure detection.
Role of EVI1 in Cell Cycle Regulation: Relevance of Specific Target Genes.

Abstract Mds1-Evi1 is a complex locus with two distinct transcriptional start sites, four possible polyadenylation sites, and nineteen exons spread over half a megabase that encodes at least six protein isoforms containing variable numbers of DNA-binding zinc finger motifs. In mouse and some other species, the locus is a common site of proviral insertion in myeloid leukemia, while in human it is a site of nonrandom chromosomal rearrangement in myelodysplasia, AML, and CML blast crisis. One such translocation is t(3;21), encoding the AML1-MDS1-EVI1 (AME) fusion protein. We have characterized the RNA transcripts and proteins generated by Mds1-Evi1 in murine leukemic cells bearing Evi1 proviral insertion using three different antisera specific for the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of EVI1, as well as MDS1, and find consistent overexpression of three protein isoforms of 135, 123, and 103 kDa (EVI1A, B, and C, respectively) while other isoforms, including MDS1-EVI1, are not normally expressed. However, by knocking lacZ into the Mds1 first exon we showed that it is normally expressed in hematopoietic progenitors, similar to Evi1. The N-terminal zinc finger domain present in the EVI1A and B isoforms binds to the GACAAGATA motif with high affinity, and single missense mutations in zinc finger six abrogate high affinity binding. Using two different bioassays, we have demonstrated that cellular transformation by either the EVI1A isoform or by AME is dependent on DNA binding via this N-terminal domain, thus indicating that transformation is dependent on the action of this domain on specific target genes. To determine the biological effect of Evi1 on leukemic cell growth, short hairpin RNAs were used to suppress Evi1, and this resulted in slowing of the cell cycle and prolongation of the G2/M phase. RNA expression profiling revealed significant changes in gene expression accompanied Evi1 suppression, including some involved in cell cycle control. Upon long term Evi1 suppression, numerous markers of myeloid differentiation were induced, indicating the acquisition of a differentiation-like phenotype. These data indicate an effect of EVI1 on both cell cycle and differentiation, and suggest that the effect on cell cycle is direct. To gain further insight into the nature of EVI1 target genes, we utilized tet-regulated expression of Evi1A, and identified a set of putative targets of the A isoform that includes genes directly involved in cell cycle. However, the fold changes are relatively minor, and although the kinetics of activation suggests these are direct targets, this has not been conclusively demonstrated. We predict on the basis of these data that EVI1 expression modulates several key regulators of cell cycle and this results in an acceleration of cell cycle. With high level EVI1 expression, block to differentiation is induced as well.
Patient Mortality During Unannounced Accreditation Surveys at US Hospitals.

Importance In the United States, hospitals receive accreditation through unannounced on-site inspections (ie, surveys) by The Joint Commission (TJC), which are high-pressure periods to demonstrate compliance with best practices. No research has addressed whether the potential changes in behavior and heightened vigilance during a TJC survey are associated with changes in patient outcomes. Objective To assess whether heightened vigilance during survey weeks is associated with improved patient outcomes compared with nonsurvey weeks, particularly in major teaching hospitals. Design, Setting, and Participants Quasi-randomized analysis of Medicare admissions at 1984 surveyed hospitals from calendar year 2008 through 2012 in the period from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after surveys. Outcomes between surveys and surrounding weeks were compared, adjusting for beneficiaries’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, with subanalyses for major teaching hospitals. Data analysis was conducted from January 1 to September 1, 2016. Exposures Hospitalization during a TJC survey week vs nonsurvey weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were rates of Clostridium difficile infections, in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality, and Patient Safety Indicators (PSI) 90 and PSI 4 measure events. Results The study sample included 244 787 and 1 462 339 admissions during survey and nonsurvey weeks with similar patient characteristics, reason for admission, and in-hospital procedures across both groups. There were 811 598 (55.5%) women in the nonsurvey weeks (mean [SD] age, 72.84 [14.5] years) and 135 857 (55.5%) in the survey weeks (age, 72.76 [14.5] years). Overall, there was a significant reversible decrease in 30-day mortality for admissions during survey (7.03%) vs nonsurvey weeks (7.21%) (adjusted difference, −0.12%; 95% CI, −0.22% to −0.01%). This observed decrease was larger than 99.5% of mortality changes among 1000 random permutations of hospital survey date combinations, suggesting that observed mortality changes were not attributable to chance alone. Observed mortality reductions were largest in major teaching hospitals, where mortality fell from 6.41% to 5.93% during survey weeks (adjusted difference, −0.38%; 95% CI, −0.74% to −0.03%), a 5.9% relative decrease. We observed no significant differences in admission volume, length of stay, or secondary outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Patients admitted to hospitals during TJC survey weeks have significantly lower mortality than during nonsurvey weeks, particularly in major teaching hospitals. These results suggest that changes in practice occurring during periods of surveyor observation may meaningfully affect patient mortality.
Clinical epidemiology and centre variation in chylothorax rates after cardiac surgery in children: a report from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium

Introduction Chylothorax after paediatric cardiac surgery incurs significant morbidity; however, a detailed understanding that does not rely on single-centre or administrative data is lacking. We described the present clinical epidemiology of postoperative chylothorax and evaluated variation in rates among centres with a multicentre cohort of patients treated in cardiac ICU. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected clinical data from the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium registry. All postoperative paediatric cardiac surgical patients admitted from October, 2013 to September, 2015 were included. Risk factors for chylothorax and association with outcomes were evaluated using multivariable logistic or linear regression models, as appropriate, accounting for within-centre clustering using generalised estimating equations. Results A total of 4864 surgical hospitalisations from 15 centres were included. Chylothorax occurred in 3.8% (n=185) of hospitalisations. Case-mix-adjusted chylothorax rates varied from 1.5 to 7.6% and were not associated with centre volume. Independent risk factors for chylothorax included age <1 year, non-Caucasian race, single-ventricle physiology, extracardiac anomalies, longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, and thrombosis associated with an upper-extremity central venous line (all p<0.05). Chylothorax was associated with significantly longer duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, cardiac ICU and hospital length of stay, and higher in-hospital mortality (all p<0.001). Conclusions Chylothorax after cardiac surgery in children is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A five-fold variation in chylothorax rates was observed across centres. Future investigations should identify centres most adept at preventing and managing chylothorax and disseminate best practices.
Dynamic Reliability of Multiplex Control Systems

Abstract The problem of reliability of multiplex control schemes for complex dynamic systems, is formulated, analyzed, and partially resolved in the context of connective stability and Markov processes. The failures of controllers and plant interconnections are identified as states of a Markov process, and connective stability methods are used to establish stability of the control structure configurations corresponding to the acceptable (operating) states of the process. A measure of dynamic reliability is chosen as a mean time spent by the structure of the multiplex control system at the operating states until a failed state of the process is reached.
Tear fluid collection in dogs and cats using ophthalmic sponges.

Objective To compare the use of two ophthalmic sponges for tear collection in dogs and cats. Animals studied Ten healthy dogs and 10 healthy cats. Procedures A strip (4 × 10 mm) of either cellulose or polyvinyl acetal (PVA) sponge was inserted into the ventral fornix of each eye for either 15, 30, or 60 s. The wetted strip was placed into a 0.2-mL tube that was first punctured at its bottom. Tears were eluted through the drainage hole into a 1.5-mL tube via centrifugation. Tear volume absorbed (VA) and tear volume recovered (VR) were calculated as the difference of the post- and precollection weight of the 0.2-mL tube and 1.5-mL tube, respectively. Recovery ratio (RR) was determined as the ratio between VR and VA. Results Ophthalmic sponges were well tolerated by all subjects. In dogs and cats, median (95% range) VA, VR, and RR were as follows: 44 μL (11–106 μL) and 16 μL (2–43 μL); 27 μL (1–84 μL) and 6 μL (0–29 μL); 64% (7–91%) and 35% (0–86%), respectively. PVA sponges achieved significantly greater VR in cats and RR in both species. All parameters were significantly greater with a collection time of 60 vs. 30 and 15 s. Body weight was associated with VA and VR in dogs but not cats. Conclusions Polyvinyl acetal is better than cellulose for tear collection given its superior recovery. Ophthalmic sponges could facilitate routine analysis of tear fluid in dogs and cats, although further studies are needed to evaluate the quality of tears obtained with this method.
Weddell Polynya Transport Mechanisms in the Abyssal Ocean

AbstractWeddell Polynya transport mechanisms in the deep and abyssal oceans are examined in the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s (GFDL) coupled climate model CM2G. During an 1820-yr-long integration of the model, polynyas are forced every 29 years in the Weddell Sea via an increase in the diapycnal diffusivity. Composites of the events are used to examine the mechanisms responsible for transporting polynya signals away from the Weddell Sea. Polynya signal transport is governed by two dynamical mechanisms that act on different time scales and spread at different rates. Large-scale waves, such as Kelvin and planetary and topographic Rossby waves, propagate the polynya signal rapidly, on interannual-to-decadal time scales, while advection transports the signal more slowly, on decadal-to-centennial time scales. Despite their different spreading rates, these mechanisms can act contemporaneously, and it is often their combined effect that governs the property changes in the global deep and abyssal o...
Stereochemie der Kohlenstoffverbindungen

Die Stereochemie der Kohlenstoffverbindungen ist von enormer Bedeutung, nicht nur von historischer Sicht aus, sondern wegen der universellen Prasenz des Kohlenstoffes in der lebenden Materie. Wir wollen deshalb vorerst die Stereochemie der Kohlenstoffverbindungen genauer studieren, um danach auf andere Elemente uberzugehen.
Detecting differential copy number variation between groups of samples

We present a method to detect copy number variants (CNVs) that are differentially present between two groups of sequenced samples. We use a finite-state transducer where the emitted read depth is conditioned on the mappability and GC-content of all reads that occur at a given base position. In this model, the read depth within a region is a mixture of binomials, which in simulations matches the read depth more closely than the often-used negative binomial distribution. The method analyzes all samples simultaneously, preserving uncertainty as to the breakpoints and magnitude of CNVs present in an individual when it identifies CNVs differentially present between the two groups. We apply this method to identify CNVs that are recurrently associated with postglacial adaptation of marine threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) to freshwater. We identify 6664 regions of the stickleback genome, totaling 1.7 Mbp, which show consistent copy number differences between marine and freshwater populations. These deletions and duplications affect both protein-coding genes and cis-regulatory elements, including a noncoding intronic telencephalon enhancer of DCHS1 The functions of the genes near or included within the 6664 CNVs are enriched for immunity and muscle development, as well as head and limb morphology. Although freshwater stickleback have repeatedly evolved from marine populations, we show that freshwater stickleback also act as reservoirs for ancient ancestral sequences that are highly conserved among distantly related teleosts, but largely missing from marine stickleback due to recent selective sweeps in marine populations.
Postformal Thought and Adult Development

Adulthood may be described as a stage of life in which we wrestle with the mystery of existence, in the midst of life’s chaos, in the here-and-now rather than in some perfect potential future. The unique qualities of adulthood can be difficult to describe developmentally. Adults are neither changing toward some defined endpoint, nor changing away from some past perfection. Instead, healthy adults keep a dynamic homeostasis; they balance. They change as if in a dance, or as if practicing an Eastern art such as tai chi, moving through forms and paces. In dancing, what matters and what is enjoyable—the whole purpose in fact—is movement in the present moment, and, of course, not falling over. In dancing, the process itself is the goal. To choose to dance is to pick a form and simply do it; the walk within the dance does not “get” anywhere! But for those of us in Western cultures, especially those of us who study human behavior and are enculturated to seek goals and linear causes, the metaphor of the “dance” of development might become an irritating metaphor, too, because Westerners want to know where the dance of adult development is going. If we do demand to know the destination (in terms of life trajectory), the dance seems to be going to a destination no grander than death. Aware of this, the conscious development of adults seems to include the ability to take part enthusiastically in the dance of life for its own sake, with an awareness of mortality.
The Mead–Freeman Controversy Continues: A Reply to Ian Jarvie:

In the Mead–Freeman controversy, Ian Jarvie has supported much of Derek Freeman’s critique of Margaret Mead’s Coming of Age in Samoa, arguing that Samoan society was sexually repressive rather than...
Prevention and Treatment of Relapse After HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Recent advances in HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation have been associated with significant reduction in treatment-related mortality; however, disease relapse remains the most common cause of treatment failure as with any other type of allogeneic transplant. While, in general, etiology of relapses after haploidentical transplantation may overlap with other types of allogeneic transplants, unique relapse mechanism with loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is only observed after haploidentical transplantation. Haploidentical transplants may offer augmented graft-versus-tumor (GvT) effect owing to its unique treatment platform, HLA disparity, and in certain situations enhanced natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity. Preemptive infusions of modified donor lymphocytes, NK cells, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells after haploidentical transplantation are interesting areas of ongoing research to prevent and treat relapses and will also be the focus of this review chapter.
Integrated High-Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Treatment Leads for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Using a panel of human cell lines representing subtypes associated with high-risk of relapse we combined high-throughput screening (HTS), intracellular accumulation assays, and in vivo efficacy studies to identify novel therapeutic strategies for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We identified multiple drug classes with broad activity across multiple subtypes, including: cytotoxics, epigenetic modifiers, and targeted agents; select compounds were further evaluated using primary patient samples ex vivo. FDA-approved drugs (e.g. gemcitabine, cabazitaxel) not currently used to treat AML were identified to have greater anti-leukemic activity relative to the standard of care, cytarabine, both in vitro and in vivo. Our comprehensive approach provides advances in pre-clinical development of novel treatment strategies with potential for rapid clinical translation for pediatric AML.
Application of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling in the Development of Antibody-Based Therapeutics

Mathematical modeling of the time-course of drug exposure (pharmacokinetics, PK) and associated pharmacological effects (pharmacodynamics, PD) has evolved from a simple descriptive endeavor to an essential component of model-based drug development. The role of PK/PD modeling can be more critical for antibody-based therapeutics owing to their complex pharmacological properties. Nonlinear behavior can manifest in most of the physiological processes controlling antibody PK, and mechanisms of drug response are inherently nonlinear and often involve turnover of endogenous ligands and biomarkers. In this chapter, model concepts and features that are common to antibody-based therapeutics are highlighted, along with applications of such models for understanding inter-species differences in concentration-effect relationships, selecting first-in-human doses, designing regimens for clinical studies, and linking PK/PD relationships to clinical outcomes. To improve prospective model predictions of drug efficacy and safety, new approaches will be needed to link antibody disposition with robust systems pharmacology models of drug and disease mechanisms.
Medical Errors, Medical Malpractice and Death Cases in North Carolina: The Impact of Demographic and System Variables

A Study of hospitals in North Carolina from January 2002 to December 2007 reports that there was no statistically significant decrease in medical errors during this period, in spite of efforts to reduce them (Landrigan et al. 2010). Our study utilizes a medical liability insurer's archive of death cases in North Carolina from 2002 to 2009 (156 cases involving 401 physician-defendants. Given the implications of medical error for health care delivery, we consider whether demographic variables (age, gender, marital status and race) and system variables (hospital involvement and number of physician-defendants) are predictive of higher risk of death. Our dependent variables are three major categories of error associated with patient death in the archive (diagnostic, treatment and surgical. We find that men are significantly more at risk for diagnostic errors. There is evidence that age and number of defendants is predictive of treatment errors. Policy implications are discussed.
A mid-Cretaceous trichomycete, Priscadvena corymbosa gen. et sp. nov., in Burmese amber.

Priscadvena corymbosa gen. et sp. nov., is described from thalli and sporangia emerging from the oral cavity of a click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. The fossil contains several features unknown in extant Trichomycetes including a click beetle (Coleoptera: Elateridae) host, spiny, aerial thalli with the entire thallus bearing numerous small uninucleate globular spores and stalks attached to the oral cavity of its host. Based on these features, P. corymbosa gen. et sp. nov. is placed in a new family, Priscadvenaceae fam. nov., and new order, Priscadvenales ord. nov. The new morphological and behavioral features of the fossil add to the diversity of the trichomycetes as currently defined.
Beyond death and graft survival—Variation in outcomes after liver transplant. Results from the NSQIP transplant beta phase

The National Surgical Quality Program (NSQIP) Transplant program was designed by transplant surgeons from the ground up to track posttransplant outcomes beyond basic recipient and graft survival. After an initial pilot phase, the program has expanded to 29 participating sites and enrolled more than 4300 recipient-donor pairs into the database, including 1444 completed liver transplant cases. In this analysis, surgical site infection (SSI), urinary tract infection (UTI), and unplanned reoperation/intervention after liver transplantation were evaluated. We observed impressive variation in the crude incidence between sites for SSI (0%-29%), UTI (0%-10%), and reoperation/intervention (0%-57%). After adjustment for donor and recipient factors, at least 1 site was identified as an outlier for each of the analyzed outcomes. For the first time, the field of transplantation has data that demonstrate variation in liver recipient outcomes beyond death and graft survival between sites. More importantly, NSQIP Transplant provides a powerful platform to improve care beyond basic patient and graft survival.
Words and Numbers: A New Approach to Writing Ancient History

The various forms of disciplinary training that historians receive can lead to different epistemologies and thus complicate attempts to advance interdisciplinary history. For example, the epistemol...
Assessment in Simulation

Assessment in simulation is conducted in many ways: starting with the use of assessment to look at the needs for your program, to assessing operation program as a whole, to assessing your course(s), to the assessment of individual simulations. In addition, many student simulations need to be assessed for not alone did the simulation provide the training in which they were designed but, more especially, did the learners/participants participating in the simulation gain the required knowledge and/or skills from the simulation. No simulation program can be successful without the use of assessment starting from the design of a simulation program through the learner/participant ability to gain knowledge or provide evidence of learning.
A Mobility-Driven Approach to Modeling Building Energy

Buildings are one of the primary energy consumers in any city’s energy use [12]. Presence and absence of humans is a major contributing factor to the energy use in a building. In this paper, we present an approach to generating a realistic model of human building occupancy throughout a typical work week. We use the Toolbox for Urban Mobility Systems (TUMS) to generate a synthetic population based on population distribution estimates, we schedule the population’s daily commute based on National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) survey data, and we simulate their daily travel patterns using an agent-based transportation simulation (TRANSIMS). We process and fuse the simulation output to produce a list of the first and last seen location of each agent in the simulation. Based on the arrival at the last destination, we map each agent to one of the nearby buildings. Using these agent arrivals, as well as NHTS data, we create an hourly occupancy schedule for each building. We successfully demonstrate this workflow at the example of the Chicago Loop, a major business district in Chicago, Illinois.
Serotonergic innervation of the auditory midbrain: dorsal raphe subregions differentially project to the auditory midbrain in male and female mice

In the auditory inferior colliculus (IC), serotonin reflects features of context including the valence of social interactions, stressful events, and prior social experience. However, within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN; B6 + B7), the source of serotonergic projections to the IC has not been resolved at the level of DRN subregions. Additionally, few studies have investigated which DRN subregions are engaged during naturalistic, sensory-driven social behaviors. We employ traditional, retrograde tract-tracing approaches to comprehensively map the topographic extent of DRN-IC projection neurons in male and female mice. We combine this approach with immediate early gene (cFos) mapping in order to describe the functional properties of DRN subregions during contexts in which serotonin fluctuates within the IC. These approaches provide novel evidence that the dorsal (DRd) and lateral (DRl) B7 subregions are primarily responsible for serotonergic innervation of the IC; further, we show that this projection is larger in male than in female mice. Additionally, DRd and the ventral B7 (DRv) contained more transcriptionally active serotonergic neurons irrespective of behavioral context. Male mice had more active serotonergic neurons in DRd and DRv than females following sociosexual encounters. However, serotonergic activity was correlated with the expression of female but not male social behaviors. The topographic organization of the DRN-IC projection provides the anatomical framework to test a mechanism underlying context-dependent auditory processing. We further highlight the importance of including sex as a biological variable when describing the functional topography of DRN.
UV-Photokeratitis Associated with Germicidal Lamps Purchased during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

To report photokeratitis caused by the improper use of germicidal lamps purchased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case series. Seven patients presented with acute ocular surface pain after exposure t...
This is Not a Symposium on How to Commit Fraud - But, If it Were...

We know the names: Bernard Madoff, Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow, Dennis Kozlowski, Phillip R. Bennett, and Bernard Ebbers. These are but a few of the biggest corporate thieves in recent memory. Similarly, the names of certain corporations will also conjure up lasting images of massive corporate frauds: Enron, World-Com, Tyco, Adelphia, Refco, Global Crossing, and Sunbeam, again, to name just a few.The most disquieting aspect of all these financial frauds really isn‘t the massive amounts of money that was looted from the victimized companies. Instead, the truly unnerving fact regarding most financial frauds is that they are deceptively easy to formulate and sometimes even easier to implement.In this piece, I will first give several definitions as to what constitutes fraud. I will next argue how and why committing certain types of financial fraud is in fact fairly simple. In doing so, I must point out that I am not deliberately giving a clinic on how to commit fraud (title notwithstanding) and live happily ever after in a nice offshore tax shelter. That said, keep in mind that in order for forensic accountants and fraud investigators to successfully detect and prevent fraud, they necessarily need to have some idea of how a financial crime might be perpetrated. This knowledge is essential in order to beat the bad guys at their own game. Or, to put it another way, in order to catch a criminal, one has to think like a criminal.Finally, I will give my take on several factors that enable people to commit financial fraud, including weak internal controls, corporate cronyism, and negligent audits, to name a few.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Pretrial Proceedings: Provide for Transfer of Indictments; Revise Procedures for Handling Individuals Not Competent to Stand Trial; Revise Criminal Discovery for Felonies

The Act covers three different topics: transfer of indictment, competency to stand trial, and felony discovery. The transfer of indictment section allows an indictment or accusation to be transferred from the county where it is pending to the county where the defendant was arrested, is held, or is present. The competency to stand trial section of the Act modifies the procedures for handling persons who are found not competent to stand trial. The criminal discovery section of the Act modifies several criminal discovery procedures by fine tuning the 1994 revisions to Georgiars discovery laws.
Private Property and the Constitution

The proper construction of the compensation clause of the Constitution has emerged as the central legal issue of the environmental revolution, as property owners have challenged a steady stream of environmental statutes that have cut deeply into traditional notions of property rights. When may they justly demand that the state compensate them for the sacrifices they are called upon to make for the common good? Ackerman argues that there is more at stake in the present wave of litigation than even the future shape of environmental law in the United States. To frame an adequate response, lawyers must come to terms with an analytic conflict that implicates the nature of modern legal thought itself. Ackerman expresses this conflict in terms of two opposed ideal types---Scientific Policymaking and Ordinary Observing---and sketches the very different way in which these competing approaches understand the compensation question. He also tries to demonstrate that the confusion of current compensation doctrine is a product of the legal profession's failure to choose between these two modes of legal analysis. He concludes by exploring the large implications of such a choice---relating the conflict between Scientific Policymaking and Ordinary Observing to fundamental issues in economic analysis, political theory, metaethics, and the philosophy of language.
Surgical scar remodelling after photodynamic therapy using aminolaevulinic acid or its methylester: a retrospective, blinded study of patients with field cancerization

Summary Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a nonsurgical alternative to conventional tumour excision for nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Objectives We evaluated whether patients with field cancerization (multiple NMSCs) treated with aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) or its methylester (MAL) for that indication had PDT-induced changes in surgical scars in the treatment field. Methods Six adult patients with multiple NMSCs and a total of 21 scars from previous excisions were studied in a retrospective blinded evaluation from clinical photographs of scar response to ALA/MAL-PDT. After a 3-h application of topical 20% ALA or 16·8% MAL under occlusion, each field was irradiated with 635-nm light-emitting diode light at the fluence of 200 J cm−2. Patients underwent one to three PDT sessions per field at ∼1 month intervals, to fields that included scars on the back, thigh, arms and neck. Pre- and post-treatment digital photographs of scars were combined into 92 pairs that were independently and blindly evaluated by three board-certified dermatologists. This study was performed at our academic practice at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Results PDT produced a statistically significant improvement in scar appearance. The degree of improvement correlated with the number of treatment sessions (two or three treatments; P < 0·05). Improvement after a single treatment was not statistically different from baseline ratings (P = 0·99). Conclusions Surgical scar remodelling and clinical improvement may be accomplished via ALA/MAL-PDT, but may require repeated treatment sessions. Larger, prospective studies are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of PDT for this indication.
Complex Alpha Spectra of Radiothorium ( Th 228 ) and Thorium-X ( Ra 224 )

The alpha and gamma spectra of ${\mathrm{Th}}^{228}$ have been studied with an alpha-particle spectrograph and gamma-ray scintillation counters. Thorium 228 has alpha groups of 5.421 (71 percent), ${5.338}_{5}$ (28 percent), 5.208 (0.4 percent), and 5.173 Mev (0.2 percent), and gamma rays of 89 (1.6 percent), 137 (0.26 percent), 169 (0.09 percent), and 212 kev (0.27 percent). Spins and parities are assigned to the energy levels defined by the alpha groups, and the results are evaluated with respect to the developing theory and systematics of complex alpha spectra.
Reoperative surgery—indications, efficacy, and long-term follow-up

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with fascial support (RYGBPF) has proved to be effective as a primary as well as a revision/conversion operation in the management of morbid obesity. Since May 1984, 361 primary and 100 revision RYGBPF operations have been reported with low morbidity and mortality although morbidity and mortality were higher in the revision than in the primary group. The most common late complications of gastric-reduction operations resulting in weight regain were staple line disruption and pouch or stoma enlargement. With the use of the RYGBPF as a primary as well as a revision operation, weight loss results at 5 y have been good and our revision operation rate has dropped to less than 1%.
Philosophical Questions about the Nature of Willpower

In this article, I survey four key questions about willpower: How is willpower possible? Why does willpower fail? How does willpower relate to other self-regulatory processes? and What are the connections between willpower and weakness of will? Empirical research into willpower is growing rapidly and yielding some fascinating new findings. This survey emphasizes areas in which empirical progress in understanding willpower helps to advance traditional philosophical debates.
MENT: A maximum entropy algorithm for reconstructing a source from projection data

Abstract This paper describes an iterative algorithm, MENT, which produces a maximum entropy solution to the problem of reconstructing a source from a discrete set of projection data. Whereas the MART algorithm considered by Lent in (“1976 Society of Photographic Scientists and Engineers Conference Proceedings,” SPSE, Washington, D.C., 1977) uses a rectangular grid to represent the source, MENT uses a discretization which is better suited to the problem. Unlike MART, MENT does not require the evaluation of logarithms or exponentials. The storage requirements are also lower for MENT. Numerical examples are given of a two-dimensional reconstruction from five views. MENT and MART are compared with regard to convergence rates, artifact formation, and stability against noise errors in the data. A three-dimensional version of the algorithm is also considered; we give an example of a direct three-dimensional reconstruction from four views.
Activation of potassium channels : relationship to the heat shock response

Abstract We examined the possibility that whole cell currents are involved and possibly trigger the response of mammalian cells to heat shock. Heat-sensitive cells from a radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) and heat-resistant variants (TR-4, TR-5) were heated at 45 degrees C for 3-30 min. We observed induction of voltage-dependent currents after heating in the heat-resistant cells. These currents decayed to nonmeasurable levels over a period of 6 h. In RIF-1 cells, however, voltage-dependent currents were detectable during heating only; these currents then decayed rapidly. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) cations blocked the currents; changing the concentration of extracellular K+ modified the current-voltage (I-V) relationship. These currents, therefore, resulted from the activation of voltage-dependent K+ channels. Addition of TEA during heating sensitized TR-4 cells to heat but had no effect on the heat response of the RIF-1 cells. Continuous exposure of the RIF-1 cells to 2% (vol/vol) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 7 days induced the expression of additional functional, voltage-dependent K+ channels; these gave rise to currents that were measurable after heating. In parallel, these cells became heat resistant. Addition of TEA to DMSO-treated cells blocked channels and returned the heat response almost to the pre-DMSO levels. Our data show a correlation between heat resistance and expression of K+ channels. Because resistance to heat very likely relates to the heat shock response, our data suggest that activation of channels may be a very early event in initiation of the heat shock response.
Aluminum coatings via kinetic spray with relatively large powder particles

Coatings have been produced by entraining relatively large diameter metal powders in a supersonic airflow. For the first time, most of the particles in the powders have diameters >50 μm. Substantial plastic deformation is involved in the conversion of the particle's kinetic energy into heat and strain energy in this kinetic spray process. As suggested by simple estimates and confirmed by coating grain structures, the particles are not melted or thermally softened in this coating process. These coatings have a relatively low oxide content, low thermal stress, high adhesion, low porosity and hardness somewhat higher than those of corresponding bulk materials. Threshold or critical velocities for coating formation are discussed. Critical velocities for the relatively large particles were observed to be substantially less than have been reported earlier for smaller diameter (<50 μm) particles. Coating particle rotation and deformation due to particle impact resulted in a corresponding decrease in porosity. Bond formation, particle deformation and grain deformation were found to be highly anisotropic, depending on the direction of the incident particle velocity. At higher incident velocities, increasing metallic bond formation between particles was observed. This is consistent with a metallic form for stress/strain curves obtained via tensile tests on Al coatings removed from the substrate. The coating elastic modulus was found to be less than half that of bulk Al. Measured ultimate tensile strengths and yield points of Al coatings were comparable to those of bulk Al. This may be due to work hardening resulting from the plastic deformation necessary for coating formation. These tensile test results are consistent with coating cohesive strengths as measured by stud pull tests. Higher powder feed rates produced coatings with higher failure loads in three point bending, higher coating cohesion and lower coating strength anisotropy, presumably due to a peening effect. Four velocity-dependent stages of coating formation are proposed based on observations reported here. Coating properties arise from a competition between these stages. Parallels with models of dynamic (explosive) powder compaction are made. This is the first comprehensive model for kinetic spray coating formation.
Fusing with context: A Bayesian approach to combining descriptive attributes

For identity related problems, descriptive attributes can take the form of any information that helps represent an individual, including age data, describable visual attributes, and contextual data. With a rich set of descriptive attributes, it is possible to enhance the base matching accuracy of a traditional face identification system through intelligent score weighting. If we can factor any attribute differences between people into our match score calculation, we can deemphasize incorrect results, and ideally lift the correct matching record to a higher rank position. Naturally, the presence of all descriptive attributes during a match instance cannot be expected, especially when considering non-biometric context. Thus, in this paper, we examine the application of Bayesian Attribute Networks to combine descriptive attributes and produce accurate weighting factors to apply to match scores from face recognition systems based on incomplete observations made at match time. We also examine the pragmatic concerns of attribute network creation, and introduce a Noisy-OR formulation for streamlined truth value assignment and more accurate weighting. Experimental results show that incorporating descriptive attributes into the matching process significantly enhances face identification over the baseline by up to 32.8%.
Wind farms in the Irish Grid: Experience and analysis

The number of wind turbines connected to the Irish electrical power systems has been increasing rapidly over the last number of years. There are two main reasons for such a growth. Firstly, Ireland has signed the Kyoto protocol and aims to meet its obligation to reduce greenhouse gases (one of the biggest emitter of such gases are conventional power stations), and secondly, commercially viable wind power turbines have become available on the market. These turbines are being erected in wind farms and connected to the transmission and distribution networks. The new challenge for the power system operator is to accommodate the variable power output from wind generation. An analysis of wind farm operations on the Irish power system, grid code implications and wind power control criteria for the power system operator are presented in the paper.
Less Invasive Techniques for Equine Fracture Repair and Arthrodesis

To repair equine fractures successfully, surgeons traditionally have done aggressive open approaches with maximal internal fixation to achieve adequate stability and comfort. Although the need for stability is unquestionable, newer technologies and imaging modalities have allowed improvement in the biology of internal fixation in selected fractures and arthrodeses.