cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La Numancia de Cervantes y la Alianza entre Dios e Israel

In his drama La Numancia (1581--1585) Miguel de Cervantes presents a heroic but doomed pagan Iberian city. This city of some 3000 souls is under siege by a Roman army of some 80,000 soldiers (III vv. 1392--92). Such a numerical advantage guarantees a victorious outcome for Rome. But soon, the River Ebro prophesies that one day God will appoint as his vicars Ferdinand the Catholic and the Hapsburgh kings Charles V and Philip II. At that time Catholic Spain will have become God's chosen people with all of its privileges and responsibilities. Under these three royal patriarchs Spain will avenge Numantias's defeat by humiliating Rome, and will be for all practical purposes the invincible ruler of the world (Ivv. 497--512). Once Spain becomes God's chosen people it will be victorious regardless of how few soldiers it has and how many enemy soldiers there are in a given battle. My thesis is that this concept of military invincibility for a chosen people has its roots in the Bible, mainly but not exclusively in the Old Testament. In this context Cervantes's La Numanica promises a time when Spain and God will have a covenant the way that the Children of Israel had their covenant with Him as well (Genesis 12:2, 26:4-- 5). As long as the Children of Israel obeyed Him, God, the Divine Warrior, fought at their side. If they disobeyed Him they lost their battles, regardless of their numerical advantage (Joshuah 6:18--19). Thus by extension as long as Spain obeyed God's demands she too could not lose. These many Spanish victories would be a sign of God's approval of Spain's behavior. But Spain acted very cruelly not only abroad, but to its own semitic minorities as well. If Spain did not mend its ways then surely it was in for difficult times. How would Cervantes have written La Numancia had he done so after 1588? Surely some of the play's characters would have asked, "In what ways have we sinned that God should punish us so?"
Highly Discriminative Invariant FEatures for Image Matching

In this paper, we present novel image-derived, invariant features that accurately capture both the geometric and color properties of an imaged object. These features can distinguish between objects that have the same general appearance (e.g., different kinds of fish), in addition to the typical task of distinguishing objects from different classes (e.g. fish vs. airplanes). Furthermore, these image features are insensitive to changes in an object's appearance due to rigid-body motion, affine shape deformation, changes of parameterization, perspective distortion, viewp oint change and changes in scene illumination. The new features are readily applicable to searching large image databases for specific images. We present experimental results to demonstrate the validity of the approach, which is robust and tolerant to noise.
Forecasting Mortality Risk for Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units Using Machine Learning

Abstract Providing an accurate prediction of mortality risk for patients in the health care system as early as possible could help improve care quality and reduce costs. The recent adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has created an opportunity to improve prediction accuracy by obtaining more detailed data and applying more advanced algorithms. In this work, we applied gradient boosted trees and deep neural networks to estimate the mortality risk of patients admitted to a single institution’s Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Unlike the prior studies that utilize a rich set of features usually available at discharge, we used commonly available data in EHRs at the time of admission. We used a subset of MIMIC III of 4,440 admissions between 2001 and 2012 to extract demographic information (age, gender, marital status, etc.), diagnosis and medical (ICD) codes. The model achieved 87.30 AUC on the 10% test set. The excellent performance of the model highlights the usability of models with few features for building real-world prediction engines.
Tracking seasonal rhythms of plants in diverse ecosystems with digital camera imagery

Contents Summary I. Introduction II. Evolving modes of phenological study III. The phenocam approach IV. Applications of the phenocam method V. Looking forward Acknowledgements References SUMMARY: Global change is shifting the seasonality of vegetation in ecosystems around the globe. High‐frequency digital camera imagery, and vegetation indices derived from that imagery, is facilitating better tracking of phenological responses to environmental variation. This method, commonly referred to as the ‘phenocam’ approach, is well suited to several specific applications, including: close‐up observation of individual organisms; long‐term canopy‐level monitoring at individual sites; automated phenological monitoring in regional‐to‐continental scale observatory networks; and tracking responses to experimental treatments. Several camera networks are already well established, and some camera records are a more than a decade long. These data can be used to identify the environmental controls on phenology in different ecosystems, which will contribute to the development of improved prognostic phenology models.
Introduction: A Holistic Approach to Examining Workforce Inter-Personnel Diversity

A holistic approach to examining workforce inter-personnel diversity is needed as organizations seek to improve their productivity. Each employee provides value to the organization and that value should be recognized and rewarded. One concern with workforce inter-personnel diversity is that some individuals think that it is just another way to (re)package the construct of “skill set diversity” among and between employees within the same position. However, skill set diversity is typically aligned with a specific skill set. When I refer to workforce inter-personnel diversity, I am looking beyond just the skills necessary to perform the specific tasks of the position. I am also referring to location in and of the position. I am referring to the ability to transition beyond the minimum skill set required to maintain the position. Some employees have the minimum skill set and can maintain that level of performance, but as the position is escalated to require additional skills, the employee may not have the capacity to be further developed for that particular position any more. I am also looking at how that person would self-develop if their position were to be eliminated for a new type of position within the organization or replaced by technology.
Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education Using the Margin of Error Statistic to Examine the Effects of Aggregating Student Evaluations of Teaching

We proposed an extended form of the Govindarajulu and Barnett margin of error (MOE) equation and used it with an analysis of variance experimental design to examine the effects of aggregating stude...
Cells to Surgery Quiz: February 2016.

Editorial note: Welcome to the Journal of Investigative Dermatology (JID) Cells to Surgery Quiz. In this monthly online-only quiz, the first question (“What is your diagnosis?”) relates to the clinical image found below, while additional questions concern the findings reported in a JID article that provides new information about that disease entity. The quiz questions may be found in the menu bar on the right-hand side of this page. A list of references relevant to the quiz follows the image. Based on the article by Groesser et al. (doi:10.1038/jid.2015.376)
Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Gunflint Assemblages: Understanding Use, Trade, and Variability in the Southeastern United States

Gunflint production variability and its association with specific manufacturing locations have been used as mechanisms for understanding distribution networks between European powers, Indigenous peoples, and settlers in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Americas. Gunflint production mechanisms and scale varies between production locations, but recent studies illustrate that the spatial and temporal variability in production activities is more diverse than previously thought. Here we examine three gunflint assemblages from eighteenth-and nineteenth-century sites in Louisiana to address gunflint production variability’s relationship with temporal differences and changing economic networks. Broadly, this study finds greater variability in exchange of gunflints than previously thought and suggests that interactions between European colonial powers and their colonies were more complex and nuanced than previously suspected.
Copper Reconsidered: Material Innovations to Transform Vacuum Electronics

Copper is critical to the manufacturing of vacuum electronic devices due to its high electrical and thermal conductivities. It enables high RF performance while maintaining low thermal losses. Copper is also responsible for some of the challenges: RF power output is often limited by the strength of copper and RF breakdown is induced by copper transformation at the vacuum surface. Recent advances in understanding of RF interaction with copper offer insight into its limitations and how they may be mitigated. Emerging manufacturing technologies, such as electron beam melting of copper, can be employed to achieve a stronger copper state in the RF structures, opening opportunities for higher power and more compact vacuum electronics. As copper focused additive manufacturing evolves, strengthening mechanisms can be incorporated into the material to produce desired material properties locally, further enhancing performance capabilities of vacuum devices.
Onset of puberty and duration of the breeding season in Suffolk, Rambouillet, Finnish Landrace, Dorset and Finn-Dorset ewe lambs.

Sixty ewe lambs, 12 each of Suffolk, Dorset, Finnish Landrace, Finn-Dorset and Rambouillet born in January and February were used in a study of puberty and duration of the first breeding season. Ovulation was monitored via progesterone assay of weekly blood samples beginning in July, and estrus via daily checking with vasectomized rams. All 60 ewes ovulated but three, one Dorset and two Rambouillet failed to show estrus although each had five to seven ovulatory cycles. Several ewes showed small progesterone rises, 300 to 500 pg/ml, before first ovulation and six (10%) failed to initiate regular cyclicity following the first ovulation as defined by progesterone greater than 500 pg/ml. Mean number of ovulatory events before the first behavioral estrus ranged from 1.25 for Finnish Landrace to 2.20 for Rambouillet ewe lambs (P less than .1). Rambouillets were older (277 d; P less than .05) at first estrus than Finns (258 d) and Finn-Dorsets (260 d), but differences in age at first ovulation were not significant: Finn-Dorset, 233 d; Dorset, 234 d; Finn, 235 d; Rambouillet, 240 d; Suffolk, 245 d. Most cycles were of normal length, with 91.4% between 14 and 20 d. Repeatability of cycle length within breed group was .38. Suffolks had significantly shorter cycles (16.1 d) than the other four groups (17.0 to 17.4 d). Finnish Landrace and Finn-Dorset ewes continued to cycle much longer than the other groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Problem identification A lack of testing options for the diagnosis and prognosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a barrier to clinical management. Studies that have investigated the role of blood proteins as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cGVHD were reviewed. Literature search PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles published from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2019. 660 articles were retrieved. Data evaluation The authors appraised seven articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria to summarize identified blood protein biomarkers for cGVHD. Synthesis Several blood proteins were identified as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Most of these proteins are thought to be key contributors in cGVHD pathogenesis and, therefore, could be ideal biomarkers to guide clinical management. Implications for practice These biomarkers could aid providers in diagnosing cGVHD, identifying patients at high risk for development of cGVHD, and initiating preemptive therapy.
An exploratory model of speech intelligibility for healthy aging based on phonatory and articulatory measures.

Abstract Purpose The aims of the current study were to determine age-related changes to the phonatory and articulatory subsystems and to investigate an exploratory model of intelligibility for healthy aging based on phonatory and articulatory measures. Method Fifteen healthy, older adults (55-81 years) and 15 younger adults (20-35 years) participated in instrumental assessments of the phonatory (aerodynamic, acoustic) and articulatory (kinematic) subsystems. Speech intelligibility was determined by five listeners during multi-talker babble. Results Older adults displayed shorter maximum phonation time, greater airflow during sentence reading, and lower cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and CPP SD. Additionally, older adults had slower tongue movement speed than younger adults. Speech intelligibility was also significantly reduced in the older group. A generalized estimating equations model combining phonatory and articulatory measures showed that CPP SD, low/high (L/H) spectral ratio mean and SD, Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (CSID), and maximum tongue movement speed were significant contributors to intelligibility changes in older individuals. While L/H mean and SD and CSID displayed an inverse relationship with intelligibility, CPP SD and maximum tongue speed displayed a direct relationship with intelligibility. Discussion Aging affects the phonatory and articulatory subsystems with implications for speech intelligibility. Phonatory cepstral/spectral measures except for mean CPP were associated with speech intelligibility changes, suggesting that changes in voice quality may contribute to reduced intelligibility in older adults. Pertaining to articulation, slower tongue movement speed likely contributed to reduced intelligibility in older individuals.
Search Query Language Identification Using Weak Labeling

Language identification is a well-known task for natural language documents. In this paper we explore search query language identification which is usually the first task before any other query understanding. Without loss of generalization, we run our experiments on the Adobe Stock search engine. Even though the domain is relatively generic because Adobe Stock queries cover a broad range of objects and concepts, out-of-the-box language identifiers do not perform well due to the extremely short text found in queries. Unlike other well-studied supervised approaches for this task, we examine a practical approach for the cold start problem for automatically getting large-scale query-language pairs for training. We describe the process of creating weak-labeled training data and then human-annotated evaluation data for the search query language identification task. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated by training a gradient boosting model for language classification given a query. We out-perform the open domain text model baselines by a large margin.
The Political Economy Model: A Blue Wave Forecast For 2020

The Political Economy model represents one of the earliest political science forecasting models for presidential elections. It relies on a multiple regression equation with just a few predictor variables, drawing from leading theories of vote choice, measured several months before the election. Much has been said about the uniqueness of the 2020 election campaign, e.g., COVID-19, the extreme character of Trump’s rule, the dramatic economic collapse, widespread protests ignited by George Floyd’s killing, among other things. We do not deny these circumstances. However, we believe their effects are absorbed, then expressed, via the causal structure the model suggests. Here we apply the model to forecast the 2020 presidential election (popular and Electoral College votes), followed by forecasts for the House and Senate elections. We forecast a Democratic sweep.
Abstract 13909: A Novel Photon-powered Biologic Gel for Enhanced Wound Healing in a Peripheral Arterial Disease Model

Introduction: Synechococcus elongatus is a cyanobacterium that grows photoautotrophically. We hypothesized that a biologic gel containing S. elongatus could provide O2 via photosynthesis to ischemi...
Bayesian recurrent state space model for rs-fMRI.

We propose a hierarchical Bayesian recurrent state space model for modeling switching network connectivity in resting state fMRI data. Our model allows us to uncover shared network patterns across disease conditions. We evaluate our method on the ADNI2 dataset by inferring latent state patterns corresponding to altered neural circuits in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). In addition to states shared across healthy and individuals with MCI, we discover latent states that are predominantly observed in individuals with MCI. Our model outperforms current state of the art deep learning method on ADNI2 dataset.
Fast Distributed Model Predictive Control for DC Microgrids

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is used to regulate the voltage and desired current flows in a dc microgrid. The optimization problem is solved using a distributed approach, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). A four node dc electric system with simplified dynamics and a six node network with 6 state source models are used as case studies. Computation times are compared using CVX, quadprog and mpcqpsolver. Real-time control hardware in the loop (CHIL) implementation using Opal RT and Simulink is demonstrated. The system can be extended to include higher dynamic models such as Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) stations.
Making it Real

This second findings chapter builds upon the first, further exploring the experience of ‘perceiving as’ and how it develops as the newcomer learns necessary work practices. The chapter begins by investigating the constitutive aspects of perception, whereby certain objects appear to their users only once their contextual purposes are fully understood; because the network of meanings that defines tools and materials in the workshop is dense and deeply interconnected, however, boatbuilders often struggle to keep every meaningful aspect of a project in mind at once. The focus on learning in this chapter shifts to the ways in which experts place relative novices into positions from which the latter will be instructively exposed to new practices, a pedagogical ‘guiding’ that takes the place of explicit instruction.
The Burden of Readmissions in the First Year with an LVAD: Predictors and Associated Quality of Life Outcomes

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine pre-operative indicators associated with longer hospital stays in the first year post-LVAD implant impact on quality of life. We hypothesized that patients with more high risk features pre-implant would require longer and more frequent hospitalizations and that their quality of life with be lower post-implant. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of LVAD patients from our institution from 2017 to 2019 who survived the initial implant hospital stay and to one year on support. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression modeling were performed with STATA 15.1. Results 95 patients were included in the study population (78% men, average age 59 years). Patients’ burden of hospitalization was analyzed two ways: 1) total number of days spent inpatient in the first year post-LVAD implant, including both the initial implant and readmissions (mean = 37.1, SD = 25.3) and 2) total days readmitted in the first year post-implant from initial discharge (mean = 14.3 days, SD = 18.1). Pre-implant BMI was higher in patients who were readmitted for more days (coefficient = 0.825, p = 0.019). Pre-implant creatinine was higher in patients who had a greater number of days readmitted (coefficient = 9.13, p = 0.023) and greater total number of days inpatient (coefficient = 11.4, p = 0.048). Patients who spent greater total time in the hospital post-implant also had lower pre-operative INTERMACS scores (coefficient = -7.37, p = 0.008). Patients also completed the EuroQoL EQ-5D at 1 year, where they were asked about their satisfaction with the outcome of their VAD surgery. Patients with higher total numbers of days inpatient during their first year post-implant reported lower satisfaction on this question (coefficient = -0.065, p = 0.004). Other components of the EuroQoL were not significantly different. Conclusion Pre-operative creatinine and INTERMACS profile are associated with higher total number of days spent in the hospital in the first year post-LVAD implant (initial implant and readmission) and higher BMI is associated with greater readmission days. There is also an association between greater number of days spent in the hospital and decreased satisfaction post-implant. This highlights the need to establish greater supports for the high risk LVAD patient populations to improve post-implant quality of life.
ASPER: Attention-based Approach to Extract Syntactic Patterns denoting Semantic Relations in Sentential Context.

Semantic relationships, such as hyponym-hypernym, cause-effect, meronym-holonym etc. between a pair of entities in a sentence are usually reflected through syntactic patterns. Automatic extraction of such patterns benefits several downstream tasks, including, entity extraction, ontology building, and question answering. Unfortunately, automatic extraction of such patterns has not yet received much attention from NLP and information retrieval researchers. In this work, we propose an attention-based supervised deep learning model, ASPER, which extracts syntactic patterns between entities exhibiting a given semantic relation in the sentential context. We validate the performance of ASPER on three distinct semantic relations -- hyponym-hypernym, cause-effect, and meronym-holonym on six datasets. Experimental results show that for all these semantic relations, ASPER can automatically identify a collection of syntactic patterns reflecting the existence of such a relation between a pair of entities in a sentence. In comparison to the existing methodologies of syntactic pattern extraction, ASPER's performance is substantially superior.
A Study of Market Efficiency in Emerging Markets Using Improved Statistical Techniques

This article helps resolve the current unsatisfying and inclusive studies covering the efficiency of stock markets in developing countries. Previous studies have used limited data and partial stati...
Compound Odontoma

A case of compound odontomas of the anterior maxilla is discussed. Multiple tooth like structures were discovered upon surgical excision.
A Photoswitchable Ru cis-Dihydride Catalyst Accessed through Atypical Metal-Ligand Cooperative H2 Activation: Photo-Enhanced Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation

Dehydrohalogenation of pyridine-derived pincer ruthenium complexes often lead to dearomatized moieties, such as in Mil-stein’s PNN-Ru(CO)(Cl)(H) (1Py) catalyst. Thus, we were surprised to find an aromatized 3-N,C,P binding mode in the lutidine-derived bidentate analog [{LutP`}Ru(CO)(H)(PPh3)] (2), instead of a dearomatized compound, upon dehydrohalo-genation of [{LutP}Ru(CO)(Cl)(H)(PPh3)] (1). The reaction of 2 with H2 results in formation of a cis-dihydride [{LutP}Ru(CO)(H)2(PPh3)] (3) and labeling studies confirm cooperative metal-ligand activation. 3 exhibits reversible photo-chemistry, forming another cis-dihydride isomer (4). The lability of 4 toward ligand substitution was leveraged to demon-strate a unique example of photoswitchable H2 production via acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation. Labeling studies impli-cate metal-ligand cooperative (MLC) processes during the photocatalytic reaction, but they appear to be off-path processes based on our mechanistic study of the system. The latter emphasizes that aromatization/dearomatization may not be neces-sary for acceptorless transformations, which is generally consistent with several contemporary studies on analogous Ru cata-lysts.
Introduction: Systemic Struggles

Teachers are but one subgroup in the large and dynamic social institution of education. Sociologists Andersen and Collins (2020) define social institutions as arising from, and maintaining, overlapping systems of power and inequality, including racial, class, and gender inequalities (Andersen & Collins, 2020). As a social institution, education reinforces and perpetuates intersecting systems of inequality even as individual teachers may not.
Application of a Proposed Algorithm to Cesarean Deliveries for Nonreassuring Fetal Heart Rate Tracing.

Objectives The aim of the study is to evaluate how current management of Category II fetal heart rate tracings compares with that suggested by a published algorithm and whether these differences lead to disparate neonatal outcomes. Study Design This is a retrospective observational study from the resident service at an academic-community tertiary care center from 2013 to 2018. We reviewed archived fetal heart rate tracings from patients with cesarean delivery performed for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing and interpreted tracings against the algorithm. We assigned tracings to one of three categories: Group A—consistent; Group B—inconsistent too early (algorithm permits the patient to labor longer); Group C—inconsistent too late (algorithm suggests performing the cesarean delivery sooner). Maternal demographics, features of labor, and neonatal outcomes were compared. Results Of the 110 cases, 27 (24.5%) had a cesarean delivery performed in group A, 49 (44.5%) in group B, and 34 (30.9%) in group C. Baseline characteristics were similar. Of the 49 in group B, 46 (93.9%) violated the algorithm at the same branchpoint. In group C, cesarean deliveries would have been performed on average 244 minutes earlier had the algorithm been used. Neonatal outcomes were not significantly different among the groups, including 5-minute Apgar Conclusion Our retrospective application of the algorithm showed that 44.5% of patients who have cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing may be able to labor longer and that violation at a common decision point on the algorithm (moderate variability or accelerations, but a lack of recurrent decelerations) is responsible for nearly all such cesarean deliveries. More studies are needed to evaluate if cesarean delivery rates for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing can be reduced without impacting neonatal outcomes using the algorithm. Key Points
The Novel Plk Inhibitor Volasertib Overcomes Cytarabine Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and novel approaches that circumvent or overcome resistance mechanisms are critically needed. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in regulating cell cycle progression in M phase. It is overexpressed in a broad range of solid and hematological malignancies. Volasertib (BI 6727) is a novel PLK inhibitor that is currently under investigation in a Phase III clinical trial for patients with AML. Despite its reported clinical anti-AML activity, the efficacy and pharmacodynamics (PD) of volasertib have not been rigorously investigated in AML models in the preclinical setting. Here, we studied the activity and PD effects of volasertib in a panel of human AML cell lines and primary patient specimens. Low nanomolar concentrations of volasertib potently disrupted the viability and clonogenic survival of AML cells. Notably, the specific cytogenetic background of individual cell lines did not significantly impact cellular sensitivity to volasertib. Similarly, primary AML blasts from patients demonstrated ex vivo sensitivity to volasertib regardless of their cytogenetic and molecular features or prior treatment history. This in vitro data set is in line with recent Phase II clinical data in AML patients showing efficacy of volasertib across all cytogenetic risk categories. Volasertib triggered caspase-dependent apoptosis in AML cells in a manner that was preceded by disruption of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Notably, analysis of the activity of volasertib in three different paired cytarabine-sensitive and cytarabine-resistant AML cell line models revealed that volasertib retained its ability to diminish viability and stimulate apoptosis in cells with three log-fold increased cytarabine resistance. These findings suggest that volasertib may be effective for patients that have relapsed or are refractory to cytarabine-based regimens. Combination studies showed that volasertib and cytarabine yielded additive effects in cytarabine-sensitive cells. Gene expression profiling studies demonstrated that the chemokine CXCL10 was the most significantly upregulated gene following short-term treatment with low concentrations of volasertib. Subsequent qRT-PCR and ELISA experiments confirmed drug-induced CXCL10 expression and elevated CXCL10 secretion by AML cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report linking PLK1 inhibition to alterations in CXCL10 expression and secretion. We are currently investigating the specific contribution of CXCL10 to the anti-leukemic activity of volasertib and are elucidating the molecular mechanisms that mediate this effect. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that inhibition of PLK1 with volasertib is a promising new strategy for the treatment of AML that is able to overcome cytarabine resistance. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A practical guide to testing object-oriented software

A Practical Guide to Testing Object-Oriented Software focuses on the real-world issues that arise in planning and implementing effective testing for object-oriented and component-based software development. It shows how testing object-oriented software differs from testing procedural software and highlights the unique challenges and opportunities inherent in object-oriented software testing.The authors reveal how object-oriented software development allows testing to be integrated into each stage of the process--from defining requirements to system integration--resulting in a smoother development process and a higher end quality. As they follow this process, they describe what to test at each stage as well as offer experienced-based testing techniques.You will find information on such important topics as: Testing analysis and design models, including selecting test cases to guide design inspections Testing components, frameworks, and product lines The testing challenges of inheritance and polymorphism How to devise an effective testing strategy Testing classes, including constructing a test driver and test suites Testing object interactions, covering sampling test cases, off-the-shelf components, protocol testing, and test patterns Testing class hierarchies, featuring subclass test requirements Testing distributed objects, including threads, life cycle testing, and Web server testing Testing systems, with information on stress, life cycle, and performance testingOne comprehensive example runs throughout the book to demonstrate testing techniques for each stage of development. In addition, the book highlights important questions that testers should ask when faced with specific testing tasks.The authors acknowledge that testing is often viewed as a necessary evil, and that resources allocated to testing are often limited. With that in mind, they present a valuable repertoire of testing techniques from which you can choose those that fit your budget, schedule, and needs.
Evaluation of the Curl Up--A Substitute for the Bent Knee Sit Up.

(1980). Evaluation of the Curl up—A Substitute for the Bent Knee Sit up. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 74-75.
Tunneling in MIS structures—II: Experimental results on MSiO2Si

Abstract Experimental results for MOS tunnel structures are discussed and compared to the theory developed in the preceding paper. The low frequency (d.c.) conductance yields a well width wider than the band gap of silicon. For 10 ω-cm p -type silicon, with an oxide thickness of 46 A, V w =1.96 eV, in good agreement with the theory, including the effects of interface states. Similar results are obtained for n - and p -type non-degenerate silicon. Structure appears in the conductance well for higher frequency signals. The origin of these peaks is discussed. It is shown that one peak is due to a geometric effect while the second is due to interface states. The conductance due to interface states can be accounted for by the time lag in charge exchange between the majority carrier band in the semiconductor and the interface states; tunneling from the metal to these interface states is not observed. This work indicates a localized state at 0.27 eV above the valence band for 10 ω-cm p -type silicon. The concentration is 7.4 × 10 11 cm −2 and the capture cross-section is 5.0 × 10 −18 cm 2 . Capacitance measurements indicate another localized state at 0.14 eV above the valence band which does not contribute to the conductance measurements because of its long time constant.
Tidally Induced Volcanism

The dissipation of tidal energy causes the ongoing silicate volcanism on Jupiter's satellite, Io, and cryovolcanism almost certainly has resurfaced parts of Saturn's satellite, Enceladus, at various epochs distributed over the latter's history. The maintenance of tidal dissipation in Io and the occurrence of the same on Enceladus depends crucially on the maintenance of the respective orbital eccentricities by the existence of mean motion resonances with nearby satellites. A formation of the resonances among the Galilean satellites by differential expansion of the satellite orbits from tides raised on Jupiter by the satellites means the onset of the volcanism on Io could be relatively recent. If, on the other hand, the resonances formed by differential migration from resonant interactions of the satellites with the disk of gas and particles from which they formed, Io would have been at least intermittently volcanically active throughout its history. Either means of assembling the Galilean satellite resonances lead to the same constraint on the dissipation function of Jupiter Q J ≲ 106, where the currently high heat flux from Io seems to favor episodic heating as Io's eccentricity periodically increases and decreases. Either of the two models might account for sufficient tidal dissipation in the icy satellite Enceladus to cause at least occasional cryovolcanism over much of its history. However, both models are assumption-dependent and not secure, so uncertainty remains on how tidal dissipation resurfaced Enceladus.
Global warming and the political ecology of health: Emerging crises and systemic solutions

Global warming and the political ecology of health: Emerging crises and systemic solutions, by Hans A. Baer and Merrill Singer, Walnut Creek, CA, Left Coast Press, 2008, 238 pp., Series: Advances i...
Temperature regulation in subtropical tree bats.

Abstract 1. 1. Rate of metabolism and temperature regulation were studied in five species of subtropical tree bats (Lasiurus seminolus, L. borealis, L. intermedius, L. cinereus and Nycticeius humeralis). 2. 2. All species showed two states while resting below thermal neutrality: normothermia and torpor. Below 0–5°C, bats in torpor maintained an intermediate body temperature. 3. 3. Basal rate of metabolism was lower than expected on the basis of body mass (44–78%) and average body temperature in the normothermic state ranged between 32.5 and 35.7°C. 4. 4. Lasiurines have a high thermogenic capacity. 5. 5. The metabolic and thermoregulatory traits studied in tree bats are generally similar to those of non-tropical bats roosting in caves and buildings.
Dyslipidemia and diabetes: a personal view.

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular disease, the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, justifies an aggressive approach to the reduction of modifiable risk factors. Lipid values are generally normal in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, but hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are frequently associated with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Recommendations for screening and treatment of patients without diabetes do not apply to those with NIDDM. Screening should be done annually and should include fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol. Therapeutic recommendations based solely on the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level are inappropriate. Hypertriglyceridemia cannot be ignored in patients with NIDDM. Therapy should first be directed toward improved control of the diabetes through diet, exercise, and insulin or sulfonylureas. Therapeutic goals are selected on the basis of individual risk assessment and are strongly influenced by the presence of preexisting vascular disease. When the goals are not achieved through improved control of diabetes, lipid-lowering drug therapy, based on the specific profile of the lipid abnormalities, should be initiated. (Endocr Pract. 1995; 1:433-439)
Inhaled nitric oxide enhances oxygenation but not survival in infants with alveolar capillary dysplasia

A complex vascular abnormality in the lungs, termed alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) and misalignment of the lung vessels, has been recently recognized in some infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. These infants die despite maximal medical support including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Inhaled nitric oxide has been reported to improve oxygenation in neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, and may allow some infants to avoid the need for ECMO. We identified five infants who had received inhaled nitric oxide to treat refractory hypoxemia caused by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, and who subsequently died and had autopsy confirmation of ACD. Each infant received care at a different medical center. In each patient, inhaled NO increased the arterial partial pressure of oxygen dramatically. Despite initial clinical improvement, the response to NO was not sustained in any patient. As responsiveness was lost, each infant with ACD required inhaled NO concentrations of 80 ppm or higher to sustain oxygenation. Each infant died, four after extensive periods of ECMO support. This experience demonstrates that a short-term improvement after inhalation of nitric oxide does not lead to long-term survival in ACD. Further, in three infants the diagnosis of ACD was established by lung biopsy before death. Increasing awareness of this clinical entity may allow for the avoidance of costly, invasive procedures such as ECMO until more specific therapies become available.
Achieving Classification and Clustering in One Shot Lesson Learned from Labeling Anonymous Datasets

This paper presents an algorithm LadsComplete which is able to automatically assign label for HTML tabular web data, depending on syntactical similarities between elements of the table. We categorize columns into three types: Disjoint Set Column (DSC), Repeated Prefix / Suffix Column (RPS) and Numeric Column (NUM). For labeling DSC column, our method rely on hits count from web search engine. Experimental results from large number of sites in different domains and subjective evaluation show that the proposed algorithm works fairly well. We hypothesize that our algorithm LadsComplete will do a good job for autonomous label assignment. We are NOT aware of any such prior work that address to connect two orthogonal research viz. wrapper generation and label extraction for value added services such as online comparison shopping.
Analysis of electromagnetic wave propagation in complex dielectric materials with uncertainty

Abstract We consider the propagation of high frequency electromagnetic pulses in complex materials with nonlinear polarization. The physical problem is modeled by Maxwell’s equations in variational form, and well-posedness results are established with respect to probability distributions on the polarization parameters (in a Prohorov metric sense).
Paralysis and the springs of action

L'A. repond a l'article precedent intitule «Toe Wiggling and Starting Cars A Re-examination of Trying» en defendant la superiorite de la theorie de la volition sur la theorie instrumentale de l'action, afin de montrer l'insuffisance des exemples de paralysie qu'emploie O. H. Green, et de reconnaitre aux paralytiques l'effort volitif et intentionnel qu'ils font en essayant de realiser le mouvement physique qui leur est demande
Modularization of large econometric models: An application of structural modeling

Current world-wide economic difficulties suggest that there is a need for methods that lend greater insight into what econometric models tell us. It is also desirable to find simple methods for solving such models. Methods drawn from interpretive structural modeling are shown to provide a very simple solution technique for a 52-equation econometric model, and a flexible, modular interpretation of the model.
Efficient Disc-to-fiber Multimaterial Stacked Coextrusion for Robust Infrared Optical Fibers

We introduce a multimaterial fiber preform coextrusion methodology that enables the production of robust infrared glass fibers starting from two 10-mm-diameter, 3-mm-thick chalcogenide glass discs by one-step extrusion followed by traditional fiber drawing.
VRS for VRO.

A CURIOUS coincidence in terminology, which may lead to confusion, has arisen in connexion with some cosmic radio sources. It is apparently becoming customary to refer to these sources by the general designation VRO, for “variable radio object”.
The use of somatosensory evoked potential monitoring to produce a canine model of uniform, moderately severe stroke with permanent arterial occlusion

To develop a reliable canine model of cerebral infarction of moderate size, we compared infarctions caused by permanent occlusion of the following vessels in 42 dogs: 1) the middle cerebral artery (MCA), 2) the MCA and azygous anterior cerebral artery (ACA), 3) the MCA, azygous ACA, and posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and 4) sham-operated controls. The infarction volume was determined at 6 hours in half the animals and at 6 days in the others. Studies of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were performed before and after arterial occlusion, and good correlation was observed between the decrease in amplitude of the SSEPs and the decrease in rCBF observed after arterial occlusion. Only the groups in which the MCA and azygous ACA were occluded showed moderate infarctions of relatively consistent size. Analysis involving all groups revealed that the animals with SSEP amplitude preserved after vessel occlusion had only small infarctions; thus, preservation of SSEP amplitude after occlusion of the MCA and azygous ACA could in the future be used prospectively as a rejection criterion to improve the uniformity of infarction size. Conversely, animals with loss of SSEP amplitude after vessel occlusion had infarctions of moderate to large size; thus, loss of SSEP amplitude after MCA occlusion alone could in the future be used prospectively as a rejection criterion. When these rejection criteria were retrospectively applied to the groups in which both the MCA and azygous ACA were occluded, the resulting mean infarction volumes +/- 1 SEM) for the acute and chronic subgroups were 20.3 +/- 2.8% and 38.2 +/- 4.5% of the hemisphere, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of National Turfgrass Performance Trials

The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis has been shown to be effective in understanding complex genotype × environment (GE) interactions typical of National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) variety trials. Interactions in such complex data sets are difficult to understand with ordinary analysis of variance (ANOVA). NTEP relies on ANOVA procedures (the basis of which is an additive model that does not sub-partition the interaction) for analysis of turf quality data. As a result, interactions have been largely ignored in turfgrass evaluation programs. The objective of this research was to target GE interactions with AMMI and NTEP data in order to understand why genotypes interact with environments. The 1990 Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) variety trials were analyzed. Interaction patterns revealed by AMMI biplots indicated Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass genotypes are narrowly adapted because no genotype has superior performance in all environments (broad adaptability). In both trials, GE interactions could be explained in biologically meaningful terms in part by cultural intensity level (mowing height and nitrogen level) and disease resistance (leaf spot or brown patch). Some NTEP locations (Ames, IA; Beltsville, MD; East Lansing, MI; and Martinsville, NJ) were highly predictable in year-to-year interaction with genotypes (making cultivar recommendations more predictable), other locations were less predictable (Carbondale, IL; Lexington, KY; Post Falls, ID; and North Brunswick, NJ). NTEP locations were consistent in their interaction with genotypes across species. Environments interacted with genotypes according to a cultural intensity gradient (mowing height and fertilizer nitrogen). Climatic factors were not important in explaining GE interactions. Results suggest the potential to subdivide bluegrass and ryegrass growing regions into homogenous subregions (having similar interaction patterns and cultivar recommendations) that can be altered by cultural practices.
Cell surface fucosylation does not affect development of colon tumors in mice with germline Smad3 mutation

Background/Aims: Neoplasia-related alterations in cell surface α(1,2)fucosylated glycans have been reported in multiple tumors including colon, pancreas, endometrium, cervix, bladder, lung and choriocarcinoma. Spontaneous colorectal tumors from mice with a germline null mutation of transforming growth factor-β signaling gene Smad3 (Madh3) were tested for α(1,2)fucosylated glycan expression. Methods:Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) lectin staining, fucosyltransferase gene Northern blot analysis, and a cross of mutant mice with Fut2 and Smad3 germline mutations were performed. Results: Spontaneous colorectal tumors from Smad3 (–/–) homozygous null mice were found to express α(1,2)fucosylated glycans in an abnormal pattern compared to adjacent nonneoplastic colon. Northern blot analysis of α(1,2)fucosyltransferase genes Fut1 and Fut2 revealed that Fut2, but not Fut1, steady-state mRNA levels were significantly increased in tumors relative to adjacent normal colonic mucosa. Mutant mice with a Fut2-inactivating germline mutation were crossed with Smad3-targeted mice. In Smad3 (–/–)/Fut2 (–/–) double knockout mice, UEA-I lectin staining was eliminated from colon and colon tumors; however, the number and size of tumors present by 24 weeks of age did not vary regardless of the Fut2 genotype. Conclusions: In this model of colorectal cancer, cell surface α(1,2)fucosylation does not affect development of colon tumors.
Nonphotochemical hole burning and intersystem crossing in the pentacene/benzoic acid system: deuterium effects

Abstract We report a study of the extent of nonphotochemical hole burning in the mixed crystal system pentacene in benzoic acid (PC/BZA) as a function of burn time and burn intensity. Comparison is made to PC in BZA with deuteriums replacing the carboxylic acid hydrogens (d-BZA). Absolute hole-burning efficiencies, antihole recovery rates, and pentacene intersystem crossing rates and lifetimes are reported for the two hosts. Hole burning is shown to occur from the first singlet state. The absolute hole-burning efficiency is an order of magnitude greater in d-BZA, while the antihole recovery rate is a factor of three slower. A two order of magnitude reduction in the (itapparent) hole-burning efficiency upon deuteration of BZA, which was reported previously, is shown to due to be a dramatic increase in PC's intersystem crossing rate in d-BZA.