crystalhe/wiktionary-zh-en-ja-ko huggingface dataset:
off (English, adv)
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒf/
tags: UK
tags: UK
ipa: /ɔf/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: Away from somewhere or some time.
examples: I got ready and by 7:00 I was off to school.
There's a nice restaurant just off the main road.
Bye, I'll be off now.
He was standing about 50 m off.
Your birthday's only a few days off now.
glosses: If something is off it is not on.
examples: He pushed the book off the table, and it fell to the floor.
She took the hat off his head.
Keep your feet off the desk, please.
glosses: Out of a vehicle such as a train, bus, etc.
examples: As the train stopped, he jumped off and ran to her.
glosses: If something that uses energy is off, it is not working.
examples: It was dark in the room because the light was off.
He turned the TV off and went to bed.
glosses: If you are off, you do not have to go to work or to school.
examples: I work evenings, but I have my afternoons off.
glosses: made smaller by a certain amount
examples: They've taken 30% off the price.
We cut off a few pieces.
glosses: If a plan, event, etc. is off, it will not happen.
examples: Tonight's game is off because of the rain.
They've called off the meeting.
off (English, prep)
Forms: form: off
raw_tags: Preposition
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒf/
tags: UK
tags: UK
ipa: /ɔf/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: If you're off something, you don't like or want something you wanted before.
examples: That article really put me off meat.
glosses: If you're off some medicine, you are not using it any more.
examples: He's been off the pain killers for a few weeks.
off (English, adj)
Forms: form: off
tags: positive
form: –
tags: comparative
form: –
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒf/
tags: UK
tags: UK
ipa: /ɔf/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: If food is off, it is not good to eat anymore.
raw_tags: not before a noun
examples: The meat smells off.
off (English, verb)
Forms: form: off
tags: canonical
form: offs
tags: third-person
singular
form: offed
tags: past
form: offed
tags: past
participle
form: offing
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒf/
tags: UK
tags: UK
ipa: /ɔf/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: If a person offs someone, they kill him or her.
examples: I heard they offed Jimmy by drowning.
office (English, noun)
Forms: form: office
raw_tags: Singular
form: offices
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɒfɪs/
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈɑfɪs/
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: An office is a room or building where people sit at desks and work.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Her office is in the third door on the left side of the hall.
We're meeting at the office after work.
synonyms: workplace
study
glosses: A position held by public election is an office.
examples: They both decided to run for office.
He holds the office of senator.
synonyms: post
position
out (English, prep)
Forms: form: out
raw_tags: Preposition
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊt/
tags: Canada
tags: US
glosses: Something that is out is not in.
examples: Polly opened the door and went out.
glosses: If something using electricity is out, it is turned off or the electricity is not flowing..
examples: Turn the light out before you leave.
The power's out so nothing's working.
I'm trying to find which light went out.
Oh, no! The fire's gone out again.
glosses: Something that moves out moves from the inside to a place that is not inside.
examples: He took the pen out of his pocket.
Please, close the door as you go out.
If you walk out that door, you can't come back.
The car stopped and out came two men.
glosses: far away
examples: We live out in the country.
He's about half an hour out of Toronto.
glosses: If someone is out, they are not in the place where someone is looking for them.
examples: You can't see the doctor now. He is out.
glosses: to a number of people
examples: We'll give out the books after everyone has arrived.
glosses: away
examples: Don't throw that out. I'm still using it.
glosses: If something is out, you can look at or see it.
examples: the sun is out
the flowers are out
glosses: If something comes out of something, it comes from it.
glosses: If something is out, it is available for sale.
glosses: If something is out, it is not in fashion.
glosses: If someone is out, they are not conscious.
glosses: If a you are out of something, you had it before but you've used or sold all of it.
glosses: If x is made out of y, y is the material that x is made of.
out (English, verb)
Forms: form: out
tags: canonical
form: outs
tags: third-person
singular
form: outed
tags: past
form: outed
tags: past
participle
form: outing
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊt/
tags: Canada
tags: US
glosses: If you out somebody, you make public something they don't want others to know, especially that they are homosexual.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: The media recently outed a conservative politician.
out (English, noun)
Forms: form: out
raw_tags: Singular
form: outs
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /aʊt/
tags: Canada
tags: US
glosses: If someone is prevented from scoring in baseball, they make an out.
raw_tags: sports
examples: There were two men on base and two outs.
glosses: A way to escape is an out.
make (English, verb)
Forms: form: make
tags: canonical
form: makes
tags: third-person
singular
form: made
tags: past
form: made
tags: past
participle
form: making
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmeɪk/
tags: US
tags: UK
glosses: If you make something, you create it.
examples: He made pancakes by combining the ingredients and frying the mixture.
They made a petition to the governor.
synonyms: create
invent
cook
prepare
draft
write
antonyms: destroy
retract
erase
glosses: If you make your bed, you arrange it.
examples: Félix makes his bed every morning.
synonyms: tend
arrange
antonyms: mess up
unmake
ass (English, noun)
Forms: form: ass
raw_tags: Singular
form: asses
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /æs/
raw_tags: alternative Commonwealth pronunciation in sense of "stupid person" only
ipa: /ɑːs/
raw_tags: alternative Commonwealth pronunciation in sense of "stupid person" only
raw_tags: alternative Commonwealth pronunciation in sense of "stupid person" only
tags: US
glosses: Ass is an old word for donkey.
raw_tags: zoology
examples: Ox and ass before Him bow/And He is in the manger now....
synonyms: donkey
jackass
glosses: Ass is another word for butt, referring to the buttocks or anus.
raw_tags: slang
vulgar
examples: That girl has a nice ass.
synonyms: anus
arse
backside
behind
butt
buttocks
rear
seat
glosses: If you call someone an ass, you are insulting him/her by comparing him/her to buttocks. Usually meaning that he/she is rude.
raw_tags: slang
examples: My boss is really mean. He is a real ass.
Don't be an ass. Be nice.
synonyms: asshole
arsehole
jerk
glosses: Ass is an extremely rude word for sexual intercourse.
raw_tags: slang
taboo
offensive
vulgar
synonyms: fuck
pussy
screw
glosses: An ass is a woman regarded as a sex object.
raw_tags: offensive
whale (English, noun)
Forms: form: whale
raw_tags: Singular
form: whales
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /weɪl/
tags: US
homophones: wail
glosses: A whale is a large animal that lives in the ocean.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Some whales with teeth eat fish, but many whales don't have teeth.
Dolphins and small whales have also been hunted in the waters of the Caribbean for many years.
whale (English, verb)
Forms: form: whale
tags: canonical
form: whales
tags: third-person
singular
form: whaled
tags: past
form: whaled
tags: past
participle
form: whaling
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /weɪl/
tags: US
homophones: wail
glosses: If you whale, you hunt for whales.
raw_tags: intransitive
glosses: If you whale on something, you beat it hard repeatedly.
raw_tags: transitive
cotton (English, noun)
Forms: form: cotton
raw_tags: Singular
form: cottons
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɑt.n̩/
tags: US
ipa: /ˈkɒt.n̩/
tags: UK
tags: US
glosses: Cotton is a plant that produces a soft fiber also called cotton. This fiber is used to make fabric.
raw_tags: uncountable
examples: My shirt is made of cotton.
project (English, noun)
Forms: form: project
raw_tags: Singular
form: projects
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈprɑdʒεk̚t/
tags: Canada
poses: noun
ipa: /ˈprəʊʤεkt/
tags: UK
poses: noun
tags: UK
poses: noun
ipa: /ˈprɑʤεkt/
tags: US
poses: noun
tags: Canada
poses: noun
glosses: A project is a complex job or assignment, often involving research or construction.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Shell is also working on projects to help find training and work experience for some of Brazil's 13 million street children.
The paper summarizes fifty research projects on the relationship between unemployment and crime.
She's a project manager with British construction company John Mowlem.
At college, I did this project on images of Black women in the media because it bothered me.
project (English, verb)
Forms: form: project
tags: canonical
form: projects
tags: third-person
singular
form: projected
tags: past
form: projected
tags: past
participle
form: projecting
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /prəˈʤεk̚t/
tags: Canada
poses: verb
ipa: /prəˈʤεkt/
tags: UK
poses: verb
tags: UK
poses: verb
ipa: /prəˈʤεkt/
tags: US
poses: verb
tags: Canada
poses: verb
tags: US
poses: verb
glosses: If you project, you plan for or estimate something in the future.
raw_tags: transitive & intransitive
examples: We have projected the loss of income forward for five years.
Projecting into the future, wondering what may or may not happen and being afraid of it, is a common danger.
glosses: If something projects out or beyond something else, it stands out.
raw_tags: intransitive
examples: During flight, the legs of this bird project beyond the tail.
glosses: If you project an image somewhere, you use light to make it appear there.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: During the presentation, she projected various graphs on the screen behind her.
glosses: If you project an image, you try to give people a particular feeling about something.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: The program will project a modern image of workers.
occupational (English, adj)
Forms: form: occupational
tags: positive
form: more occupational
tags: comparative
form: most occupational
tags: superlative
glosses: About or by your job
raw_tags: usually before a noun
examples: Their income is: state pension £83.25 occupational pension £45.20 Total £128.45.
The specialised language of certain occupational groups (for example, builders, doctors, lawyers, mechanics and scientists) is often unknown to other people.
This industry has some of the highest standards of occupational health and safety.
occupation (English, noun)
Forms: form: occupation
raw_tags: Singular
form: occupations
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
tags: US
ipa: /ɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən/
tags: UK
tags: US
glosses: An occupation is a job or a career.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Nursing has been described as a skilled occupation rather than a profession.
synonyms: work
position
profession
glosses: An occupation is when a people, especially an army, take over and stay in a country, area, building, etc.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: Everything he owned was taken during the German occupation of Paris in 1940.
The areas under occupation contained rich farm lands as well as the industrialized sectors of Russian Poland.
The house on the hill had no lights and no signs of occupation.
synonyms: occupancy
glosses: An occupation is a hobby or something else that you do to pass the time.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Her favorite occupation is reading.
synonyms: pastime
civil (English, adj)
Forms: form: civil
tags: positive
form: more civil
tags: comparative
form: most civil
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsɪvəl/
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: About the citizens of a country, especially as opposed to the government, army, police, religion, etc.
raw_tags: usually before a noun
examples: One of the most important civil rights is freedom of speech.
In the Civil War, the Red Army had blocked off the northern part of Ukraine from the hungry south.
The state is connected to civil society through aspects other than its role in administration
The government had run out of money to pay civil servants.
This comes under civil, rather than criminal, law.
The bridge would be one of the largest civil engineering projects in the country.
glosses: If someone is civil, they are polite but not friendly.
examples: Mum had been civil to me since the fight but something had gone between us.
status (English, noun)
Forms: form: status
raw_tags: Singular
form: statuses
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsteɪtəs/
tags: US
tags: UK
glosses: Your status is your level, role, or situation in a group or society.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: Mike Hooper has retained his status as Liverpool's current No 1 goalkeeper.
With the change in employment status came changes in responsibilities and pay.
In many countries, the ability to speak English is a sign or high social status.
glosses: The status of something is its situation at a particular time.
examples: What is the status of the repairs?
goal (English, noun)
Forms: form: goal
raw_tags: Singular
form: goals
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɡoʊl/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: A goal is something you want to do or be able to do.
examples: I want to go to university and this will help me achieve that goal.
Scientists' ultimate goal is a theory of everything.
glosses: A goal is a place that you want to be or that you are moving towards.
examples: Our goal is Paris.
glosses: A goal is the area where you want to put the ball in certain games such as soccer or hockey.
examples: It's unclear whether the regular keeper will start in goal.
glosses: A goal is scored when the ball enters the goal.
examples: They beat second-placed Cambridge 2-1 with Mutch scoring the winning goal in the 82nd minute.
hypothesis (English, noun)
Forms: form: hypothesis
raw_tags: Singular
form: hypotheses
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/
tags: US
glosses: A hypothesis is a guess about what will happen, usually in scientific experiments.
raw_tags: countable
examples: We will test the hypothesis that the change will have no effect.
The results of the experiment support the hypothesis.
glosses: A guess with no evidence to support it.
raw_tags: uncountable
examples: This idea is purely a hypothesis. It has not been proven
professional (English, adj)
Forms: form: professional
tags: positive
form: more professional
tags: comparative
form: most professional
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /prəˈfɛʃənəl/
tags: US
glosses: About a job such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
raw_tags: usually before a noun
examples: The group offers free professional advice on legal matters and housing.
The government has established a new professional body to regulate doctors.
glosses: If someone is professional, they do their job seriously and with much skill.
examples: We employ friendly, professional staff who can offer the benefit of many years' experience.
glosses: If someone is professional, they are paid for their job, sport, art, etc.
examples: After playing amateur tennis for years, he turned professional at the age of 25.
professional (English, noun)
Forms: form: professional
raw_tags: Singular
form: professionals
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /prəˈfɛʃənəl/
tags: US
glosses: A professional is a person who is paid for doing their job, sport, art, etc.
raw_tags: countable
examples: More and more the Olympics are allowing professionals to compete.
glosses: A professional is a person who does a job such as doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Professionals often spend years and hundreds of thousands of dollars in school.
glosses: A professional is a person who is serious and skilled in their work.
raw_tags: countable
examples: You should get him to fix your car. He's a real professional.
series (English, noun)
Forms: form: series
raw_tags: Singular
form: series
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: ˈsɪə.riːz
tags: US
glosses: A series of events, meetings, experiments, etc. is several of them that happen one after the other and are related.
tags: singular
raw_tags: countable
examples: Three weeks ago troops and helicopters launched a series of attacks on Kurds in the region.
There has been a series of changes at the newspaper that began with the new editor.
The school will be hosting a series of lectures relating to poverty.
glosses: A TV or Radio series is a number of programs usually with the same setting and characters.
glosses: A series is a sporting event in which many teams compete for a championship.
examples: Tonight is the final game of the Stanley Cup series.
glosses: If something is connected in series, electricity passes through each point before going to the next point.
raw_tags: technical
internal (English, adj)
Forms: form: internal
tags: positive
form: more internal
tags: comparative
form: most internal
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪnˈtɜː.nəl/
tags: UK
ipa: /ɪnˈtɝ.nl̩/
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: within or inside
raw_tags: usually before a noun
examples: Doctors had to operate to stop the internal bleeding.
Grammar is mostly concerned with the internal structure of words and sentences.
The company has been weakened by ongoing internal conflict.
The police are conducting an internal investigation after officers shot two people.
They've painted the internal walls but left the outside as it was.
synonyms: inner
domestic
antonyms: external
outer
foreign
retain (English, verb)
Forms: form: retain
tags: canonical
form: retains
tags: third-person
singular
form: retained
tags: past
form: retained
tags: past
participle
form: retaining
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /rɪˈteɪn/
tags: US
glosses: If you retain something, you keep it.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: After the election, the government retained control of the lower house, but lost the upper house.
The company retains the right to change the price at any time.
They joined the group but still managed to retain their independence at the same time.
glosses: If you retain someone (usually a professional), you pay them to do a job.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: Since being charged by police, Black has retained a lawyer.
With better wages abroad it is becoming increasingly difficult to retain employees.
sum (English, noun)
Forms: form: sum
raw_tags: Singular
form: sums
tags: plural
Pronunciation: tags: UK
US
ipa: /sʌm/
tags: UK
US
tags: US
homophones: some
glosses: A sum is an amount of money, usually a large amount.
raw_tags: countable
examples: The company had been spending large sums on publicity and advertising.
It allows the corporation to pay its workers a lump sum of up to £37,000 on leaving.
glosses: The sum is the total of adding or subtracting several numbers or amounts.
examples: The total output doesn't equal the sum of the inputs because the system is not 100% efficient.
The sum of the three numbers will always equal 10.
sum (English, verb)
Forms: form: sum
tags: canonical
form: sums
tags: third-person
singular
form: summed
tags: past
form: summed
tags: past
participle
form: summing
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: tags: UK
US
ipa: /sʌm/
tags: UK
US
tags: US
homophones: some
glosses: If you sum up, you conclude or bring together the main points.
examples: She sums up the situation by saying that the new family is never the same as the biological family.
mechanism (English, noun)
Forms: form: mechanism
raw_tags: Singular
form: mechanisms
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈmɛkənɪzm/
tags: US
glosses: A mechanism is the way something works
examples: This research should help us to understand the mechanisms of memory.
This agreement sets out detailed mechanisms for solving disagreement between the two countries.
These two features combine to create a new data retrieval mechanism.
glosses: A mechanism is one moving system within a larger, more complex machine or organism.
examples: The body has a control mechanism to bring down blood-sugar level when it begins to reach unhealthy peaks.
impose (English, verb)
Forms: form: impose
tags: canonical
form: imposes
tags: third-person
singular
form: imposed
tags: past
form: imposed
tags: past
participle
form: imposing
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɪmˈpoʊz/
tags: US
ipa: /ɪmˈpəʊz/
tags: UK
tags: US
glosses: If you impose something on someone, you force it on them, even if they don't want it.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: Egypt has imposed travel restrictions which will make it harder to enter the country.
The law imposes a duty on all employers to provide safety training.
glosses: If you impose on someone, you ask or expect them to do something for you that is difficult or inconvenient.
raw_tags: intransitive
examples: Could we impose on you to explain that again more slowly?
I'd like to visit her, but I don't want to impose.
despite (English, prep)
Forms: form: despite
raw_tags: Preposition
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈspaɪt/
tags: UK
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: If x happens despite y, it is surprising that x happens because y usually stops it.
examples: Despite their best efforts, the ministers have not been able to come to an agreement.
Despite all the problems, I think this project is a success.
We hope that there will soon be changes despite the fact that the leaders are still the same old people.
glosses: If you do something despite yourself, you didn't plan or want to do it.
examples: She hated him, but when he spoke she laughed despite herself.
parameter (English, noun)
Forms: form: parameter
raw_tags: Singular
form: parameters
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /pəˈræm.ɪ.tə/
tags: UK
tags: US
glosses: A parameter is a boundary or a limit.
raw_tags: countable
usually plural
examples: The machine should run only within operational parameters; temperature, water flow, etc.
The federal government sets financial parameters within which local authorities will have to work.
approximate (English, adj)
Forms: form: approximate
tags: positive
form: more approximate
tags: comparative
form: most approximate
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌˈprɑks.ə.mɪt/
poses: adjective
tags: US
poses: adjective
glosses: An approximate number, length, time, etc. is close to the real one but may not be equal to it.
examples: "How many people are on the team?" "I'm not sure, but I can give you an approximate number."
If we knew when he left here, it might help us identify the approximate time of death.
synonyms: rough
antonyms: exact
approximate (English, verb)
Forms: form: approximate
tags: canonical
form: approximates
tags: third-person
singular
form: approximated
tags: past
form: approximated
tags: past
participle
form: approximating
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌˈprɑks.ə.maɪt/
poses: verb
tags: US
poses: verb
glosses: be or become near a value, position, or characteristic.
raw_tags: transitive & intransitive
examples: Computers are getting better at approximating human speech.
Women's salaries in the company have approximated to male salaries.
principal (English, adj)
Forms: form: principal
tags: positive
form: –
tags: comparative
form: –
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈprɪnsɪpəl/
tags: US
homophones: principle
glosses: The principal thing is the main or most important one.
raw_tags: usually before a noun
examples: Canada's principal trading partner is the USA.
Presumably most of us work for the same principal reason – in order to live.
principal (English, noun)
Forms: form: principal
raw_tags: Singular
form: principals
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈprɪnsɪpəl/
tags: US
homophones: principle
glosses: In American English, a principal is the head of a school. (headmaster in British English)
raw_tags: countable
glosses: The principal is the most important person in a business, or an artistic group such as a dancers.
raw_tags: countable
glosses: Principal is the money that you borrow and must pay back. It does not include interest.
raw_tags: uncountable
float (English, noun)
Forms: form: float
raw_tags: Singular
form: floats
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /floʊt/
tags: US
glosses: Something which stays on or near the surface of water or another liquid.
glosses: A buoyant used to help balance in water or another liquid.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Attach the float and the weight to the fishing line, above the hook.
glosses: A nicely decorated vehicle, to show in a parade or pageant.
raw_tags: countable
examples: That float covered in roses is very pretty.
float (English, verb)
Forms: form: float
tags: canonical
form: floats
tags: third-person
singular
form: floated
tags: past
form: floated
tags: past
participle
form: floating
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /floʊt/
tags: US
glosses: When you float, it means that your density is lower than the density of the liquid you are in, which makes you be at the surface of the liquid.
raw_tags: intransitive
examples: As I have a light body, I always float when I go swimming.
predict (English, verb)
Forms: form: predict
tags: canonical
form: predicts
tags: third-person
singular
form: predicted
tags: past
form: predicted
tags: past
participle
form: predicting
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /prɪˈdɪkt/
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: If you predict something, you say that it will happen before anyone observes it.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: It is still difficult to accurately predict the weather more than two days in advance.
As predicted by analysts, Toyota has increased the price of the Lexus LS400 by £3000 for 1993.
Darwin's theory predicts that animals will try to maximise the number of their children.
summary (English, noun)
Forms: form: summary
raw_tags: Singular
form: summaries
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: 'sʌmərɪ
tags: US
homophones: summery
glosses: A summary is a short explanation of a longer idea, article, story, etc.
raw_tags: countable
examples: In this short time, I can provide only a summary of the work we have done.
So, in summary, our research shows that exercise is most efficient in the late afternoon.
Two things are clear from this very brief summary of the content of the Convention.
summary (English, adj)
Forms: form: summary
tags: positive
form: more summary
tags: comparative
form: most summary
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: 'sʌmərɪ
tags: US
homophones: summery
glosses: done quickly and without following standard procedures
raw_tags: usually before a noun
glosses: brief, and short; without details
raw_tags: usually before a noun
undertake (English, verb)
Forms: form: undertake
tags: canonical
form: undertakes
tags: third-person
singular
form: undertook
tags: past
form: undertaken
tags: past
participle
form: undertaking
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ʌndə'teɪk/
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: If you undertake something, you take responsibility for doing it and you start to do it.
raw_tags: transitive
formal
examples: He is in charge of this project and has undertaken this work largely single-handed since July.
After a common two years, some students undertake industrial or professional placement in their third year.
Britain has apparently undertaken to review its own aid to Vietnam.
cycle (English, noun)
Forms: form: cycle
raw_tags: Singular
form: cycles
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪkəl/
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: A cycle is a number of regular things that happen again and again.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Right now we are in an upward-moving part of the business cycle.
Although women's monthly cycles vary in length from person to person, the average length is about 28 days.
Most car engines have a 4-part cycle.
glosses: A cycle is a short way of saying bicycle or motorcycle.
raw_tags: countable
synonyms: bike
cycle (English, verb)
Forms: form: cycle
tags: canonical
form: cycles
tags: third-person
singular
form: cycled
tags: past
form: cycled
tags: past
participle
form: cycling
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsaɪkəl/
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: If you cycle somewhere, you go there by bicycle or motorcycle.
raw_tags: transitive & intransitive
examples: The rain was falling harder than ever as I cycled home down the Banbury Road.
It took me less than 7 minutes to cycle the whole trail.
glosses: If you cycle a machine, you run it through one cycle.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: The test will cycle the computer through ten start ups.
conference (English, noun)
Forms: form: conference
raw_tags: Singular
form: conferences
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈkɒnfərəns/
tags: UK
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈkɑːnfərəns/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: UK
glosses: A conference is a large organised meeting to discuss a particular topic or area.
raw_tags: countable
examples: FMBRA will be holding a conference on diet, health, and the food industry on 19 March in Barcelona.
Some of the world's top scientists attended an important conference in 1983, to study the effects of nuclear weapons.
glosses: A conference is a meeting.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Contact the teacher or coach and ask for a private conference without your child's presence.
attribute (English, verb)
Forms: form: attribute
tags: canonical
form: attributes
tags: third-person
singular
form: attributed
tags: past
form: attributed
tags: past
participle
form: attributing
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈætrɪbjuːt/
tags: UK
poses: verb
tags: UK
poses: verb
tags: US
poses: verb
ipa: /ˈætrɪbjut/
tags: US
poses: verb
tags: US
poses: verb
tags: US
poses: verb
glosses: If you attribute x to y, you say that x is the creation or result of y.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: He attributes his success to the love of his parents.
The famous phrase is usually attributed to Winston Churchill, though some believe he never actually said it.
attribute (English, noun)
Forms: form: attribute
raw_tags: Singular
form: attributes
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /æˈtrɪbjuːt/
tags: UK
poses: noun
tags: UK
poses: noun
tags: US
poses: noun
ipa: /æˈtrɪbjut/
tags: US
poses: noun
tags: US
poses: noun
tags: US
poses: noun
glosses: An attribute is a part, feature, or characteristic.
examples: A good sense of humour is an essential attribute for a doctor to have.
annual (English, adj)
Forms: form: annual
tags: positive
form: –
tags: comparative
form: –
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæn.ju.əl/
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈæn.ju.əl/
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: If something is annual, it happens every year.
examples: The 1992 Annual General Meeting was held at Bristol University, on Saturday April 11 and Sunday April 12.
annual (English, noun)
Forms: form: annual
raw_tags: Singular
form: annuals
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæn.ju.əl/
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈæn.ju.əl/
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: An annual is a kind of plant that only lives for one year.
obvious (English, adj)
Forms: form: obvious
tags: positive
form: more obvious
tags: comparative
form: most obvious
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ɒbviːəs/
tags: US
glosses: If something is obvious, it is easy to see it, think of it, or understand it.
examples: It is obvious that you can't spend a lot of money and save at the same time.
For obvious reasons, the people of Hong Kong have long been reluctant to speak their minds.
Jason & Maria were always together, and it was obvious to family and friends that they would be married some day.
There's an obvious crack in the wall of the house.
implication (English, noun)
Forms: form: implication
raw_tags: Singular
form: implications
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/
tags: UK
glosses: An implication is a result that may be expected or predicted.
examples: This change has big implications for health planners and for those caring for people with AIDS.
It seems a very technical matter, but it is one with important practical implications.
She said all that, and the implications was that she didn't want to go.
glosses: An implication is a meaning that can be understood but is not given directly.
examples: Even if you did not call me a liar, the implication is there.
When I say gold is a metal, I say by implication that gold must resemble any other metals.
glosses: An implication is when somebody appears to be involved in something, usually something bad or illegal.
examples: The implication of Judge Lyman in the affair of Green and young Hammond has raised many questions.
apparent (English, adj)
Forms: form: apparent
tags: positive
form: more apparent
tags: comparative
form: most apparent
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /əˈpær.ənt/
tags: UK
ipa: /əˈpær.ənt/
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: If something is apparent, it is easy to see, realise or understand.
examples: When she was nine, for no apparent reason, she began to dislike the classes.
They had found many useful ideas, some immediately apparent but others that took more time to think through.
glosses: appearing or seeming to be a certain way.
examples: The difference was more apparent than real.
The government's apparent lack of concern for the poor is very upsetting.
commitment (English, noun)
Forms: form: commitment
raw_tags: Singular
form: commitments
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəˈmɪtmənt/
tags: UK
glosses: A commitment is a formal promise or agreement.
examples: Actually I can't come on Saturday, I have family commitments.
You don't have to make a firm commitment but we would like to know when you can probably start work.
Police management retain their commitment to improving community relations.
Both men have demonstrated their great commitment to Wales over the last nine months.
synonyms: obligation
subsequent (English, adj)
Forms: form: subsequent
tags: positive
form: –
tags: comparative
form: –
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/
tags: US
glosses: happening after sth else.
raw_tags: usually before a noun
examples: When he came the first time, he was very quiet, but on subsequent visits, he was much more talkative.
The child began to walk early but subsequent development, such as speech, was unusually late.
subsequent (English, prep)
Forms: form: subsequent
raw_tags: Preposition
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/
tags: US
glosses: If x is subsequent to y, x happens after y.
examples: The government called a press conference subsequent to the agreement.
Subsequent to her appearance on TV she received many bookings.
vertical (English, noun)
Forms: form: vertical
raw_tags: Singular
form: verticals
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/
tags: UK
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈvɝtɪkəl/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: A line that is upright is called a vertical.
examples: Please draw a vertical that intersects the circle.
glosses: The fully upright position is the vertical.
examples: The builder used a string to make sure the frame was on the vertical.
When the plane lands all seats should be on the vertical.
vertical (English, adj)
Forms: form: vertical
tags: positive
form: more vertical
tags: comparative
form: most vertical
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈvɜːtɪkəl/
tags: UK
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈvɝtɪkəl/
tags: US
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: Something that is standing straight is vertical. In a vertical direction means straight up or down.
examples: The radio mast was vertical on the horizon.
A vertical shaft went down to the mine.
Vertical stripes on a shirt make a person look thinner.
debate (English, noun)
Forms: form: debate
raw_tags: Singular
form: debates
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈbeɪt/
tags: UK
tags: US
glosses: A debate is an exchange of ideas looking at different sides of an issue.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: We will explore this idea through an analysis of the public debate on marriage and divorce.
The government's spending programme is the subject of much heated debate.
synonyms: argument
discussion
controversy
exhange
debate (English, verb)
Forms: form: debate
tags: canonical
form: debates
tags: third-person
singular
form: debated
tags: past
form: debated
tags: past
participle
form: debating
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /dɪˈbeɪt/
tags: UK
tags: US
glosses: If you debate something, you consider its positive and negative points, often by talking with other people in a formal situation such as government.
raw_tags: transitive & intransitive
examples: The AHA had in fact been debating the issue of the future of the hospital for some years.
Few subjects are more hotly debated in curriculum committees.
synonyms: argue
discuss
dimension (English, noun)
Forms: form: dimension
raw_tags: Singular
form: dimensions
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /daɪˈmɛnʃən/
tags: UK
ipa: /dɪˈmɛnʃən/
tags: US
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: A dimension is a part of a problem, issue, or situation.
raw_tags: countable
examples: We need to consider some of the dimensions of the likely future needs for health care among older people.
The baby has added a new dimension to our lives.
glosses: A dimension is a direction of measurement in space time, usually width, depth, and height.
raw_tags: countable
examples: The new viewer lets you examine the image in three dimensions.
The dimensions of the football pitch can actually vary quite considerably with the length being anywhere from 90 m to 120 m.
promote (English, verb)
Forms: form: promote
tags: canonical
form: promotes
tags: third-person
singular
form: promoted
tags: past
form: promoted
tags: past
participle
form: promoting
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /prəˈmoʊt/
tags: US
ipa: /prəˈməʊt/
tags: UK
tags: US
glosses: If you promote someone or something, you help it to get bigger, higher, or more popular.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: The environment provided by the school promotes the reading development of all students.
Remember too that sleepiness is promoted by a warm, quiet environment.
She became assistant manager and was then promoted to general manager within two years.
Antonym: demote
She's on tour promoting sales of her new book.
output (English, noun)
Forms: form: output
raw_tags: Singular
form: outputs
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaʊtpʊt/
tags: UK
glosses: Output is what is produced by a worker, machine, computer, etc.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: We have increased our total output from 4,500 to 7,500 barrels per day of oil.
Of course, any problems with the program will affect the output.
output (English, verb)
Forms: form: output
tags: past
form: output
tags: past
participle
form: output
tags: canonical
form: outputs
tags: third-person
singular
form: outputted
tags: past
form: outputted
tags: past
participle
form: outputting
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈaʊtpʊt/
tags: UK
glosses: If you output something, you produce it.
raw_tags: transitive
glosses: The past tense and past participle of output.
live (English, verb)
Forms: form: live
tags: canonical
form: lives
tags: third-person
singular
form: lived
tags: past
form: lived
tags: past
participle
form: living
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: poses: verb
ipa: /lɪv/
poses: verb
poses: verb
tags: US
poses: verb
glosses: To be alive; to have life.
raw_tags: intransitive
examples: He's not expected to live for more than a few months.
glosses: To have permanent residence somewhere.
raw_tags: intransitive
examples: I live at 256 Oak Avenue.
glosses: To survive, to continue.
raw_tags: intransitive
examples: Her memory lives in that song.
live (English, adj)
Forms: form: live
tags: positive
form: –
tags: comparative
form: –
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: poses: adjective
ipa: /laɪv/
poses: adjective
poses: adjective
tags: US
poses: adjective
glosses: Having life; something alive.
examples: The post office will not ship live animals.
glosses: A live firearm or explosive is able to cause harm.
examples: The air force practices dropping live bombs on the uninhabited island.
glosses: Charged or energized with electricity, usually meaning that the item can cause an electric shock or electrocution if someone comes in contact with it.
raw_tags: circuitry
examples: Use caution when working near live wires.
glosses: A live bet is a bet that can be raised by the person betting.
raw_tags: poker
examples: Tommy's blind was live, so he was given the option to raise.
live (English, adv)
glosses: A live event is an event that happens in real time; direct.
examples: The concert was broadcast live by radio.
result (English, noun)
Forms: form: result
raw_tags: Singular
form: results
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /rɪˈzʌlt/
tags: US
glosses: The solution of a mathematical equation.
examples: The result of 1 + 1 is 2.
glosses: The situation at the end of a process, its outcome.
examples: The result of losing the presents was that everyone was sad.
The result of the race was that Peter won.
result (English, verb)
Forms: form: result
tags: canonical
form: results
tags: third-person
singular
form: resulted
tags: past
form: resulted
tags: past
participle
form: resulting
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /rɪˈzʌlt/
tags: US
glosses: If x results in y, it leads to or causes y.
examples: A lot of digging results in a deep hole.
glosses: If x results from y, it comes for or is caused by y.
examples: A deep hole resulted from all the digging.
road (English, noun)
Forms: form: road
raw_tags: Singular
form: roads
tags: plural
Pronunciation: tags: UK
ipa: /rəʊd/
tags: UK
tags: UK
tags: UK
tags: US
homophones: Rhode
rode
rowed
glosses: A long and narrow piece of land between two places. Usually, cars drive on it, and it is often paved.
raw_tags: countable
examples: The taxi is parked on the side of the road.
The road between the two villages is made of sand.
glosses: The path which one takes to reach a certain place.
examples: It is a long road to the top.
The road from Warsaw to Paris leads through half of Europe.
access (English, noun)
Forms: form: access
raw_tags: Singular
form: accesses
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæk.sɛs/
tags: US
glosses: If you have access to something, you can use it, look at it, enter it, etc.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: As a student, you have access to all our facilities including the library and computers.
We will seek to provide greater access to personal records held by government.
access (English, verb)
Forms: form: access
tags: canonical
form: accesses
tags: third-person
singular
form: accessed
tags: past
form: accessed
tags: past
participle
form: accessing
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈæk.sɛs/
tags: US
glosses: If you access something, you get information from it, usually using a computer.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: The product enables multiple systems to access a single database.
Users of PCs can access images from the photo CDs using any CD-ROM input device.
boyfriend (English, noun)
Forms: form: boyfriend
raw_tags: Singular
form: boyfriends
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd/
tags: US
tags: US
glosses: Boyfriend normally describes a boy or a young man, who is in a love relationship with another person, when they aren't married yet.
raw_tags: countable
examples: I didn't have a boyfriend, and I thought that it was because I was too fat.
glosses: Boyfriend can also simply mean a friend who is male.
raw_tags: countable
code (English, noun)
Forms: form: code
raw_tags: Singular
form: codes
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəʊd/
tags: UK
ipa: /koʊd/
tags: US
tags: UK
glosses: A code is a set of rules or laws.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Children usually learn their parents' moral code.
Section 244(1) (a) of the Canadian Criminal Code defines assault.
glosses: A code is a way of storing or sending information, often secretly or in a way that is readable by computers.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: Microsoft has also licensed Windows source code to companies such as Citrix Systems.
In World War II, mathematicians and scientists broke the enemy's secret code.
code (English, verb)
Forms: form: code
tags: canonical
form: codes
tags: third-person
singular
form: coded
tags: past
form: coded
tags: past
participle
form: coding
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: ipa: /kəʊd/
tags: UK
ipa: /koʊd/
tags: US
tags: UK
glosses: If something is coded, it is written or stored in a code.
raw_tags: transitive & intransitive
examples: The completed questionnaires were coded by two people.
The wide variety of proteins in the cells are all coded for by the genes in the nucleus.
girlfriend (English, noun)
Forms: form: girlfriend
raw_tags: Singular
form: girlfriends
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈɡɝlfrɛnd/
tags: US
ipa: /ˈɡɜːlfrɛnd/
tags: UK
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: A girlfriend is a girl or young woman who is in a romantic relationship with another person.
raw_tags: countable
examples: Jeremy had been having trouble with his girlfriend.
Koo Stark, a former girlfriend of the Duke of York, was being kept in hospital last night.
glosses: A girlfriend can be any friend who is female.
raw_tags: countable
phase (English, noun)
Forms: form: phase
raw_tags: Singular
form: phases
tags: plural
Pronunciation: tags: UK
US
ipa: /feɪz/
tags: UK
US
tags: US
homophones: faze
glosses: A phase is stage in a process.
raw_tags: countable
examples: We will look at very basic ideas during the first phase of training.
As the war enters its final phase, the role of the UN will probably become more important.
Teenagers often go through a phase of being attracted to someone of the same sex.
glosses: If things are in phase, they are working, moving, or changing together.
raw_tags: uncountable
phase (English, verb)
Forms: form: phase
tags: canonical
form: phases
tags: third-person
singular
form: phased
tags: past
form: phased
tags: past
participle
form: phasing
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: tags: UK
US
ipa: /feɪz/
tags: UK
US
tags: US
homophones: faze
glosses: If you phase something in, you introduce it step by step.
raw_tags: transitive
examples: Over the next few years, all farm support was slowly phased out.
prior (English, prep)
Forms: form: prior
raw_tags: Preposition
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpraɪ.ə/
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈpraɪ.ɚ/
tags: US
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: If something happens prior to something else, it happens before it.
examples: In this recipe, most of the work is actually done prior to cooking.
Prior to 1917 most people had lived on private farms.
prior (English, adj)
Forms: form: prior
tags: positive
form: –
tags: comparative
form: –
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: ipa: /ˈpraɪ.ə/
tags: UK
ipa: /ˈpraɪ.ɚ/
tags: US
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: occurring before
raw_tags: usually before a noun
examples: We learned that police had prior knowledge of the attack.
Few of these workers have any substantial prior experience in industry.
granted (English, prep)
Forms: form: granted
raw_tags: Preposition
Pronunciation: raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: You use granted to say that you accept that something is true, often before you adding contrasting information.
examples: He's a good student and usually does well. Granted, he did fail that one test, but I think there were good reasons for that.
"You haven't been a very good father." "Granted."
glosses: You use granted that x, y to mean y is true because of x.
examples: Granted that he has done nothing wrong, he should be set free.
granted (English, adj)
Forms: form: granted
tags: positive
form: –
tags: comparative
form: –
tags: superlative
Pronunciation: raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: If you take something for granted, you believe it without really knowing or thinking about it.
granted (English, verb)
Forms: form: grant
tags: canonical
form: grants
tags: third-person
singular
form: granted
tags: past
form: granted
tags: past
participle
form: granting
tags: present
participle
Pronunciation: raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: The past tense and past participle of grant.
stress (English, noun)
Forms: form: stress
raw_tags: Singular
form: stresses
tags: plural
Pronunciation: ipa: /strɛs/
raw_tags: Audio
tags: US
glosses: Stress is emotional pressure that makes you worry because things are not going well.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: Death is a time of great stress for family and friends.
Plants under stress from lack of water or disease are the most likely to attract problem insects.
glosses: Stress is physical pressure that gradually can cause things to break
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: Sitting puts an unnatural stress on the back and shortens the neck.
glosses: Stress is extra attention or importance that you put on something.
raw_tags: uncountable
examples: Psychology has put a lot of stress on the childhood roots of adult problems.
glosses: Stress is extra loudness that you use in a word or in music.
raw_tags: countable & uncountable
examples: Put more stress on the first syllable of the word.