Souls at Sea
Tags: melodrama

Plot synopsis:
The story is based on two distinct early 19th-century themes: the suppression of the Atlantic slave trade, and the often-tragic fate of people on ships lost at sea.
The first theme is examined through the efforts of abolitionists Michael "Nuggin" Taylor (Cooper) and Powdah (Raft) to end the slave trade. Although the United States prohibited the importation of slaves in 1808, slaves were still brought into the country illegally. Great Britain also prohibited the slave trade, putting the Royal Navy into action against slave traders, but even Britain had its supporters of the trade (here represented by Lieutenant Stanley Tarryton (Wilcoxon), as a British naval officer acting for the slave interests). The conflict between Taylor and Wilcoxon is complicated by Tarryton's sister Margaret (Dee) falling in love with Taylor.
The second theme appears when the Taylor-Wilcoxon conflict becomes entangled with the loss of the ship William Brown (named after an actual ship of the period with a similar fate; see below). The William Brown is accidentally set on fire by a little girl, and must be abandoned. The captain (Carey) is in injured, and although a passanger, Taylor takes over. Only one lifeboat is launched, which cannot carry all the survivors, many of whom are swimming in the ocean nearby. Taylor stops these desperate people from climbing into the lifeboat and swamping it, shooting some with a pistol. As as result, he is subsequently tried and convicted for murder; Barton Woodley (Zucco) explains his actions, thus resulting a new trial for Taylor. Margaret seeing Taylor in this new light, lets Michael know she still loves him.
The 1957 film Seven Waves Away (also known as Abandon Ship!) also dealt with the issue of the limits of lifeboat space and decisions of the first mate.
=== The real William Brown case ===
The William Brown hit an iceberg and sank on 19 April 1841, with loss of life. A seaman, one Alexander Holmes, acted similarly to Taylor in the movie. He was convicted of manslaughter, but sentenced only to a $20 fine and six months imprisonment.

Review: Great Hathaway action tale.
Here is a film that inexplicably has been given little exposure to modern audiences.
Paramount threw in a lot of its top talent to tell a good story with drama, humor and lots of action.Nuggin Taylor (Cooper) has waged a one-man war against slaves ships in the 1840s.
His best friend Powdah (Raft) has been a slaver, if a half-hearted one, for years.
The two board a packet from Liverpool to America in a plot to undermine the slave shipping lines, but also on board is their main nemesis and his sister.
Naturally Taylor has a "thing" for the sister.
When a tragic accident befalls the ship, Taylor must take drastic action to save passengers and is ultimately charged with multiple murders.Cooper again plays the aw-shucks persona he perfected but here combines it with the literate, committed character of Nuggin.
Note that in the lengthy opening sequence he says nothing, but is the center point of every word.
Raft, who was always at his best for Henry Hathaway, gets crimped hair and an earring and the package works for the uneducated, footloose Powdah, who is ironically terrified of water.
Raft's trademark unblinking stare is used to great effect and even humor.
Copper and Raft, who sing together so pleasantly here, remained good friends after making this film.The picture took three photographers.
Gordon Jennings was in charge of the special photographic effects in the climactic ship disaster.
Their decisions were mostly excellent.
Especially effective were the constant tilted angles aboard ship.
The black-and-white filming offers up rich tones and texture, instantly setting the stage with the slave cargo sequence.
The action scenes are outstandingly photographed and executed.In period pieces, Hollywood tends to go overboard with layers of decorations.
In 'Souls at Sea' art directors Hans Dreier and Roland Anderson are magnificently restrained and very accurate.
That and A.E. Freudeman's interior decoration make the film seem really in Philadelphia, really in Liverpool and really on board a ship in 1842.This is a great example of Hathaway's work, weaving appropriate humor into the human drama and relationships.
There is an amusing montage as Taylor is scouring Liverpool for Powdah, and that relationship's integrity is maintained throughout.This is a classic well worth making the effort to find..
Interesting Historical Drama.
I was hoping for a melodrama instead, but the emphasis here is on the narrative rather than on action.
But I am pleased to report that my headline is accurate, because "Souls At Sea" is a very interesting story about a subject barely touched upon in Hollywood's long, colorful history.
Reading through other reviewers takes on the film, it qualifies more accurately as a semi-historical drama, although not the first story Hollywood has taken liberties with.
The temptation is to call "Souls At Sea" a 'seafaring yarn', but, as I said, it is heavy on talk and light on second unit work.In any case, this offbeat movie has Gary Cooper faced with a moral dilemma as an abolitionist involved in the slave trade in the middle of the 19th century.
His sidekick is George Raft, in as sympathetic a role as he ever had and one of his best acting jobs (never one of his strong points).
Frances Dee is an ingenue on board the ship in question, and George Zucco plays a good guy for a change.
Particularly effective is the background music which won an AA nomination for composer Milan Roder.
Henry Wilcoxon is an effective bad guy and Olympe Bradna, whose film appearances were too few, is touching as a maidservant and love interest for George Raft.
Very well done, as is the norm with a Henry Hathaway picture.
The story is so absorbing that the viewer nearly forgets about the lack of action scenes, and is well worth my rating of seven..
Repeat viewings and on-going appreciation.
SOULS AT SEA was a rather popular film in its day.
So popular in fact that Laurel & Hardy spoofed it in their comedy reworking of the original story, called SAPS AT SEA.
So it's a bit unfortunate that this Paramount classic from the late 1930s seems to be slipping into gradual obscurity.
It is certainly worthy of repeat viewings and on-going appreciation.The great thing about this production is that the executives at Paramount decided to put two of its biggest male stars at that time into the lead roles.
And in fact, it would be the only time that Gary Cooper and George Raft ever appeared in a movie together.
Meanwhile, Virginia Weidler fans will enjoy seeing her corner the market on tomboys, singing and telling stories– some from books, mostly fibs.
And the rest of the supporting cast, particularly Henry Wilcoxon, also help make this an outstanding film..
Fine Early Seafaring Adventure.
Produced by Paramount Pictures in 1937 SOULS AT SEA is one of the great seafaring stories of Hollywood's Golden Age!
A fondly remembered movie by cultists it recently seems to be forgotten somewhat in the DVD age being available only - and for many years on a VHS tape.
Splendidly directed by a young Henry Hathaway it was photographed in glorious black & white by Charles Lang Jr.With only one lifeboat left, and too many passengers to be accommodated when a great ship is sinking, it is up to the Captain to decide who is to live and who must surely die.
Gary Cooper in one of his most memorable roles plays the part of the man left with this decision.
Also in the cast is George Raft in one of the best roles he ever played!
As Cooper's friend and buddy - and leaving his tough guy mobster parts behind him - his performance here is quite different and is altogether likable and appealing.
His wooing also of the lovely and gentle Olympe Bradna is touching and engaging.
Their well written scenes together are heartfelt and sincere!
The sinking scenes of the great ship are really well done for its time and immediately brings to mind the spectacle of the sinking of another great ship we all know so well.
Others in the well chosen cast are Henry Wilcoxon, Harry Carey, Porter Hall, Paul Fix and watch out for a young Robert Cummings.The female lead is taken by a now wholly forgotten actress Francis Dee. Dee was a popular star in the thirties, appearing in the best version of "Little Women" in 1933 she was also a contender for the plum role of Melanie in "Gone With The Wind".
In 1937 (the same year as "Souls At Sea") she starred in the classic western "Wells Fargo" opposite western star Joel McCrea.
She had been married to McCrea since 1933 and remained so until his death in 1990.
After 57 years of marriage they would remain one of Hollywood's longest unions.
Francis Dee died in 2004 at the age of 94!
In "Souls At Sea" she plays the sister of slimy villain Henry Wilcoxon who is secretly running a fleet of slave ships and whom Cooper, under secret orders from the British Admiralty, is sworn to put out of business.An excellent film in an excellent DVD transfer that really looks spotless.
Evidently they used a brand new print of the picture and it certainly shows.
But collectors of vintage classic movies will love it just the same..
A Forgotten Sea Tragedy?.
Our memories of historic calamity is selective - from legend the great flood of Noah (and Gilgamesh), from Rome the eruption of Vesuvius over Pompeii and Herculaneum, from the middle ages the bubonic plague, from the Reformation the St. Bartholemew Day's Massacre, the Great fire of London in 1666, all the way to the Chicago fire, the San Francisco Earthquake, the sinking of the Titanic, the Hindenburg, the Holacaust of World War II, and a handful of others.
No films about the Lusitania, the Andrea Doria, the Teneriffe Airplane catastrophe (the worst aviation disaster), the Wilhelm Gustloff, the eruption of Mt. Pelee in Martinique in 1902 (there is a book THE DAY THE WORLD ENDED, which was made into a movie - but the setting was modernized), or the great influeza epidemic of 1918.
Occasionally a film briefly deals with a disaster: MANHATTAN MELODRAMA with the the General Slocum fire, or THE SEVEN LITTLE FOYS with the Iroquois Theatre fire.
It is rare for a film to pick up and plant a tragedy squarely into the conclusion of a film.In 1842 a ship, the "William Brown", hit an iceberg and sank.
The survivors faced a problem similar to the Titanic - there was only one lifeboat, and too many people to save.
The Captain (Harry Carey Sr. in this movie) was injured and command went to the first mate.
The mate (here played by Gary Cooper) had one of the most agonizing decisions any seaman faces: "Who will live and who must we allow to die?"  He went about the grim business with determination, and about a dozen survivors died.
The remaining survivors owed their lives to his decision - because he was able to keep the one lifeboat afloat by not overloading it with survivors.
However, he was tried for murder, and convicted of manslaughter.
The film changes this in several ways.
First, the bulk of the film dealt with the slave trade, slowly being made illegal by the British and U.S. governments in the late 1830s and 1840s, but still supported strongly in the American South.
Much of the film deals with Cooper and his friend George Raft fighting the slave interests (represented by Henry Wilcoxon - for once away from his usual director Cecil B.
Secondly, the disaster that culminates the film is caused by a fire set by a little girl (Virginia Weidler - who is killed in the initial explosion).
The disaster is well handled, and gives Raft one of his most poignant moments when he takes the body of his girlfriend (who was killed in the disaster) and places the body on her bed in her stateroom, and goes down with the ship to remain with her.
The actual choices of death or life is given by Cooper - and done well.
Finally, the court does not convict Cooper, who is freed by the eloquence of his lawyer (George Zucco, of all people!).
It is a good movie, and reminds the audience of how powerful an economic group the slavers were.
Many American fortunes in the shipping trade did use slave ships for profit on occasion.
In the 17th, 18th, and early 19th Century it was not considered an obnoxious trade until about 1828.
Before condemning Americans for being so hypocritical, remember England did not finally abolish slavery until 1833 (just before the death of William Wilberforce, the man who led the abolitionist movement there for decades).
Russia did not abolish it's variation - serfdom - until 1861, four years before the U.S. abolished it with the 13th Amendment, and  Brazil did not abolish it until 1889!
I might add that in portions of North Africa, it is still countananced by certain governments (like the Sudan).
The latter detail does not get much attention in the press, interestingly enough.Why was the "William Brown" tragedy "lucky enough" to get a film of it's own?
Why no film about the loss of H.M.S. Royal George (which keeled over with the loss of 900 people at anchor in Spitshead in 1782), or the Andrea Doria (surely an interesting film about the great rescue of 1,600 people on board is worth consideration)?
Neither appears on celuloid (although photos and movies of the actual Doria disaster exist).
But why the "Brown"?
The trial does give the film a good culmination point, but the sinking has nothing to do with slavery or the slave trade!By the way, the story of the "Brown" was repeated in a modern setting in 1957, when Tyrone Power starred in "ABANDON SHIP!".
Basically the story is kept the same - overcrowded lifeboat under command of the first mate (Power) when the Captain dies (here the Captain was Lloyd Nolan).
The only difference was that Stephen Boyd was the one survivor who tries to stop Power.
Power survives, but is put on trial and found guilty of manslaughter.
Since his decisions are put into central view, the entire movie deals with the emotional problems Power faces in literal life and death choices.
It is a terrific film, and one of Power's three or four best dramatic performances.
Footnote to Power and his sea movie - Tyrone Power was the third of four generations of Powers after an initial ancester, also known as Tyrone Power, who made a huge reputation as a leading stage actor of the 1820s and 1830s in England and the United States.
His great-grandfather was sailing home, in March 1841, on the largest Atlantic liner of the day: the President.
It was last seen in a hurricane swept sea off Nantucket shoals.
Many Americans found it a sinister coincidence that that April, for the first time in our history, the U.S. President (William Henry Harrison) died in office of pneumonia.
Perhaps Tyrone Power thought of his missing forbear when he made ABANDON SHIP, that re-telling of the William Brown tragedy..
All the Souls at Sea. Paramount was not a studio particularly known for making social commentary in its product.
Souls at Sea is an unusual film to come from that particular studio, let alone any studio for very few dealt with the slave trade as an issue.In The Films of Gary Cooper book it mentions that as elaborate as this production was, Paramount had budgeted Souls at Sea for a lot more.
Apparently whole sequences involving Cooper's original rescue by the slave ship, a ball at Queen Victoria's court, and some scenes involving capturing slaves were left out.
In some lists both Alan Ladd and Ward Bond were listed in the cast and their scenes were edited out.What they left though is both a rousing sea saga and a story about the immorality and inhumanity of the slave trade.
It begins in a courtroom where Gary Cooper is on trial for murder on the high seas.
A verdict is about to be handed down when George Zucco interrupts the proceedings as a representative of the British government.
He tells the court Cooper's real story and the film unfolds in flashback.George Raft is surprisingly good here, usually he's not when he's not either dancing or being a gangster as Cooper's friend.
Frances Dee is one pretty Victorian heroine and sister of British officer Henry Wilcoxon who has an agenda all his own.I wasn't surprised to learn that Boris Morros's score for Souls at Sea got an Academy Award nomination.
It is particularly lovely and poignant.The climax of the film is a shipwreck at sea and Cooper's actions therein.
He has to make some grisly choices, some of the same ones as was previously pointed out that Tyrone Power made in Abandon Ship.The beginning of the film has Gary Cooper seizing an opportunity to save some Africans from becoming slaves.
The climax has him saving some other lives in a shipwreck.
The point that Director Henry Hathaway was trying to make is that as human beings all of them had an immortal soul and none deserved to be the property of another.
The lives saved at the beginning and the end were just as valuable.Souls at Sea holds up well today as good action entertainment with a profound message..
Interesting tale of slavers and the sea.
I should begin by admitting a prejudice against sea-going tales.
And, my interest in this film almost bit the dust because of that; I found the first 20 or so minutes of the film to be quite a bore.Then, however, the true nature of the tale began to become a bit more obvious, and my interest picked up.
This is almost a spy story, albeit about a private effort to stop the lave trade.The cast here is interesting.
The most interesting thing about Gary Cooper is that his speech pattern is not his usual.
The role George Raft has here is totally different than just about anything you've seen him in before.
Frances Dee is very good as the love interest and as the point of friction between her admirer (Cooper) and her brother (Henry Wilcoxon), a true slaver.
I always thought that Wilcoxon was an actor who deserved better roles, and while he is the villain here, at least it's a good role.
Harry Carey has a small role as a sea captain.
Robert Cummings is here in his first movie role.
Paul Fix has a tiny role as a violinist.
Ward Bond and Alan Ladd have uncredited small roles.The shipwreck scenes are quite masterful (with a few glitches in special effects, but not bad for 1937).Highly recommended, just get past the first 20 minutes or so..
I've never seen a bad movie by Henry Hathaway.It was the third time Gary Cooper had worked with this director after two classics "Lives of a Bengal lancer" and "Peter Ibbetson" ."Souls at sea' is perhaps not in the same league but it's an absorbing movie from start to finish.A long flashback,during a long trial,it casts George Raft against type as a romantic sailor who finds redemption by sacrificing himself.Cooper ,when he first appears is not as nice as in his other movies:working on a slave ship where the unfortunate prisoners are whipped to keep them from singing.But further acquaintance shows this:Cooper portrays an educated sailor who quotes Shakespeare ("to be or not to be" isn't it the question the slaves ask themselves?)and who remembers Homer ("beware of Greek presents" ).Can such a man be a slave trader?
And can he sacrifice the others' life in order to save his own life during a wreck?;yes the movie includes a "Titanic" in miniature in which the violin plays on.Like in "Bengal lancer",Htahaway does not seem interested in the female character who is decorative,no more,no less.